People who frequently change their place of residence.
The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.
Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)
People who leave their place of residence in one country and settle in a different country.
A republic in the north of South America, bordered on the west by GUYANA (British Guiana) and on the east by FRENCH GUIANA. Its capital is Paramaribo. It was formerly called Netherlands Guiana or Dutch Guiana or Surinam. Suriname was first settled by the English in 1651 but was ceded to the Dutch by treaty in 1667. It became an autonomous territory under the Dutch crown in 1954 and gained independence in 1975. The country was named for the Surinam River but the meaning of that name is uncertain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1167 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p526)
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mexico" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is the name of a country located in North America, known officially as the United Mexican States. If you have any questions related to medical topics or terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!
A republic of southeast Asia, northwest of Thailand, long familiar as Burma. Its capital is Yangon, formerly Rangoon. Inhabited by people of Mongolian stock and probably of Tibetan origin, by the 3d century A.D. it was settled by Hindus. The modern Burmese state was founded in the 18th century but was in conflict with the British during the 19th century. Made a crown colony of Great Britain in 1937, it was granted independence in 1947. In 1989 it became Myanmar. The name comes from myanma, meaning the strong, as applied to the Burmese people themselves. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p192 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p367)
A country located in north Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a southern border with Western Sahara, eastern border with Algeria. The capital is Rabat.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tajikistan" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition; it is the name of a country located in Central Asia, officially known as the Republic of Tajikistan.
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Persons fleeing to a place of safety, especially those who flee to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecution in their own country or habitual residence because of race, religion, or political belief. (Webster, 3d ed)
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Moscow" is a city and the capital of Russia, it doesn't have a medical definition. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kuwait" is not a medical term that has a definition in the field of medicine. Kuwait is actually a country located in the Middle East, known officially as the State of Kuwait. It might be that you have confused it with a medical condition or term, if so, I would be happy to help clarify or provide information on that topic instead.
Process of cultural change in which one group or members of a group assimilate various cultural patterns from another.
The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)
Former Netherlands overseas territory in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. It had included the islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Eustatius, and the southern part of St. Martin. The Netherlands Antilles dissolved on October 10, 2010. Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten became autonomous territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are under the direct administration of the Netherlands. (From US Department of State, Background Note)
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
The unmarried man or woman.
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
The use of wings or wing-like appendages to remain aloft and move through the air.
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A broad group of eukaryotic six-transmembrane cation channels that are classified by sequence homology because their functional involvement with SENSATION is varied. They have only weak voltage sensitivity and ion selectivity. They are named after a DROSOPHILA mutant that displayed transient receptor potentials in response to light. A 25-amino-acid motif containing a TRP box (EWKFAR) just C-terminal to S6 is found in TRPC, TRPV and TRPM subgroups. ANKYRIN repeats are found in TRPC, TRPV & TRPN subgroups. Some are functionally associated with TYROSINE KINASE or TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES.
Voluntary SEXUAL INTERCOURSE between a married person and someone other than the SPOUSE.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
Those aspects or characteristics which identify a culture.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Periodic movement of human settlement from one geographical location to another.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
PASSERIFORMES of the suborder, Oscines, in which the flexor tendons of the toes are separate, and the lower syrinx has 4 to 9 pairs of tensor muscles inserted at both ends of the tracheal half rings. They include many commonly recognized birds such as CROWS; FINCHES; robins; SPARROWS; and SWALLOWS.
Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Peru" is not a medical term or concept, it is a country located in South America, known officially as the Republic of Peru. If you have any questions about medical topics that I can help clarify, please let me know!
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) cannot be provided as a medical definition, as it is not a medical term; it refers to a former political state that existed from 1922 until 1991 and was dissolved into multiple independent countries.
Hospitals controlled by the city government.
(Note: 'North Carolina' is a place, not a medical term. However, I can provide a fun fact related to health and North Carolina.)
A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)
The geographic area of Latin America in general and when the specific country or countries are not indicated. It usually includes Central America, South America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean.
Central America is not a medical term, but a geographical region consisting of seven countries (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama) that connect North America to South America, which may be relevant in medical contexts such as discussions of regional disease patterns, public health initiatives, or tropical medicine.
Sexual activities of humans.
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator and, with Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Kenya, is often referred to as the Horn of Africa. It comprises Italy's former Trust Territory of Somalia and the former British Protectorate of Somaliland. The capital is Mogadishu.
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
The status of health in urban populations.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Group behavior toward others by virtue of their group membership.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
"Eastern Europe," in a geomedical context, often refers to a region including countries that were once part of the Soviet Union or influenced by its culture and healthcare system, such as Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and sometimes including countries in the Balkan Peninsula and Baltic states."
The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.
A subgroup of TRP cation channels that contain 3-4 ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAINS and a conserved C-terminal domain. Members are highly expressed in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Selectivity for calcium over sodium ranges from 0.5 to 10.

Standardized comparison of glucose intolerance in west African-origin populations of rural and urban Cameroon, Jamaica, and Caribbean migrants to Britain. (1/715)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of glucose intolerance in genetically similar African-origin populations within Cameroon and from Jamaica and Britain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects studied were from rural and urban Cameroon or from Jamaica, or were Caribbean migrants, mainly Jamaican, living in Manchester, England. Sampling bases included a local census of adults aged 25-74 years in Cameroon, districts statistically representative in Jamaica, and population registers in Manchester. African-Caribbean ethnicity required three grandparents of this ethnicity. Diabetes was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1985 criteria using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (2-h > or = 11.1 mmol/l or hypoglycemic treatment) and by the new American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting glucose > or = 7.0 mmol/l or hypoglycemic treatment). RESULTS: For men, mean BMIs were greatest in urban Cameroon and Manchester (25-27 kg/m2); in women, these were similarly high in urban Cameroon and Jamaica and highest in Manchester (27-28 kg/m2). The age-standardized diabetes prevalence using WHO criteria was 0.8% in rural Cameroon, 2.0% in urban Cameroon, 8.5% in Jamaica, and 14.6% in Manchester, with no difference between sexes (men: 1.1%, 1.0%, 6.5%, 15.3%, women: 0.5%, 2.8%, 10.6%, 14.0%), all tests for trend P < 0.001. Impaired glucose tolerance was more frequent in Jamaica. CONCLUSIONS: The transition in glucose intolerance from Cameroon to Jamaica and Britain suggests that environment determines diabetes prevalence in these populations of similar genetic origin.  (+info)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus: association study of five candidate genes in an Indian population of Guadeloupe, genetic contribution of FABP2 polymorphism. (2/715)

We studied by PCR-RFLP 6 polymorphisms in these 5 candidate genes: Ala54Thr in the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene (FABP2), A to G substitution in the uncoupling protein type 1 gene (UCP1), Asp905Tyr in the protein phosphatase type 1 gene (PP1G), Trp64Arg in the human beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene (beta 3AR) and 2 RFLP sites of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (VDRTaq1 and VDRApa1). This study was conducted among 89 cases and 100 controls matched according to age, gender and absence of first degree family link (11 triplets with 2 controls for 1 case and 78 pairs with 1 control for 1 case). Cases and controls were taken among a sample of 429 individuals selected for the study of the prevalence of diabetes in this ethnic group from Guadeloupe. By conditional logistic regression analysis, there was a significant relation (p = 0.02) between the Ala54Thr FABP2 polymorphism and Type 2 DM. Multivariate analysis discriminate the FABP2 polymorphism (p = 0.10), a triglyceridemia over 2 g/l (p < 10(-3)) and high blood pressure (p = 10(-2)) as variables associated with Type 2 DM in this population. These findings suggest that FABP2 does not represent a major gene for Type 2 DM in this migrant Indian population living in Guadeloupe, but seems to be related to the metabolic insulin resistance syndrome.  (+info)

Rapid appraisal of needs in reproductive health care in southern Sudan: qualitative study. (3/715)

OBJECTIVES: To identify the need for reproductive health care among a community affected by conflict, and to ascertain the priority given by the community to reproductive health issues. DESIGN: Rapid appraisal. This comprised interviews with key informants, in-depth interviews, and group discussions. Secondary data were collated. Freelisting, ranking, and scenarios were used to obtain information. SETTING: Communities affected by conflict in southern Sudan. PARTICIPANTS: Interviews and group discussions were chosen purposively. Twenty interviews with key informants were undertaken, in-depth interviews were held with 14 women, and 23 group discussions were held. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Need for reproductive health care. Perceived priority afforded to reproductive health issues in comparison with other health problems. RESULTS: Reproductive health in general and sexually transmitted diseases in particular were important issues for these communities. Problems in reproductive health were ranked differently depending on the age and sex of the respondents. Perceptions about reproductive health issues in communities varied between service providers, and community leaders. Settled and displaced communities had different priorities and differing experiences of reproductive health problems and their treatment. CONCLUSION: Rapid appraisal could be used as the first step to involving communities in assessing needs and planning service provision.  (+info)

Where health care has no access: the nomadic populations of sub-Saharan Africa. (4/715)

Nomadic and seminomadic pastoralists make optimal use of scarce water and pasture in the arid regions south of the Sahara desert, spreading from Mauretania in the west to Somalia in East Africa. We attempted to summarize the fragmentary evidence from the literature on the health status of these populations and to assess the best ways to provide them with modern health care. Infant mortality is higher among nomadic than among neighbouring settled populations, but childhood malnutrition is less frequent. Nomads often avoid exposure to infectious agents by moving away from epidemics such as measles. Trachoma is highly prevalent due to flies attracted by cattle. The high prevalence of tuberculosis is ascribed to the presence of cattle, crowded sleeping quarters and lack of health care; treatment compliance is generally poor. Guinea worm disease is common due to unsafe water sources. Helminth infections are relatively rare as people leave their waste behind when they move. Malaria is usually epidemic, leading to high mortality. Sexually transmitted diseases spread easily due to lack of treatment. Leishmaniasis and onchocerciasis are encountered; brucellosis occurs but most often goes undetected. Drought forces nomads to concentrate near water sources or even into relief camps, with often disastrous consequences for their health. Existing health care systems are in the hands of settled populations and rarely have access to nomads due to cultural, political and economic obstacles. A primary health care system based on nomadic community health workers is outlined and an example of a successful tuberculosis control project is described. Nomadic populations are open to modern health care on the condition that this is not an instrument to control them but something they can control themselves.  (+info)

An iatrogenic epidemic of benign meningioma. (5/715)

Head irradiation, the acceptable mode of treatment for tinea capitis in the past, is recognized today as a causative factor for meningioma. This treatment was applied en mass to immigrants coming to Israel from North Africa and the Middle East during the 1950s. In order to estimate the effect of the differential radiation treatment on the rates of meningioma in the total population, the authors assessed time trends of this disease in Israel over the past 40 years by main ethnic origin. Cohort analysis shows a marked incidence rise in the North African-born cohorts born in 1940-1954 starting from the 1980s. A similar pattern is seen in the Middle Eastern born, although the increase is not as sharp. In consequence, there is a crossover of the interethnic incidence curves in the 1940-1949 cohort. Comparison of the relative risk between 1940-1954 cohorts that comprised most of the irradiated with 1930-1939 cohorts, who were largely free of the radiation, shows that the North African born have the largest relative risk of 4.62, followed by the Middle Eastern born, with a relative risk of 1.95, while the European-American born have a relative risk close to 1. The differences between the three areas of birth are statistically significant. The data illustrate the potential risk of administering highly potent therapy for an essentially benign disease that led, in turn, to a drastic change in the national meningioma pattern.  (+info)

An outbreak of West Nile fever among migrants in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. (6/715)

In February 1998, an outbreak of acute febrile illness was reported from the Kapalata military camp in Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of Congo. The illness was characterized by an acute onset of fever associated with severe headache, arthralgia, backache, neurologic signs, abdominal pain, and coughing. In 1 individual, hemorrhagic manifestations were observed. The neurologic signs included an altered level of consciousness, convulsions, and coma. Malaria was initially suspected, but the patients showed negative blood films and failed to respond to antimicrobial drugs. A total of 35 sera collected from the military patients in the acute phase were tested for the presence of IgM against vector-borne agents. Serum IgM antibodies against West Nile fever virus were found in 23 patients (66%), against Chikungunya virus in 12 patients (34%), against dengue virus in 1 patient (3%), and against Rickettsia typhi in 1 patient (3%). All sera were negative for IgM antibody against Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and Sindbis virus. These data suggest that infections with West Nile fever virus have been the main cause of the outbreak.  (+info)

Gallstone disease in Peruvian coastal natives and highland migrants. (7/715)

BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we found that gallstones were a common occurrence in the high altitude villages of the Peruvian Andes. AIMS: To determine if high altitude (> or = 1500 m) is a contributing risk factor for gallstone disease. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study in a periurban community in Lima, Peru, and compared the prevalence of gallstone disease between coastal natives, highland (Sierra) natives and Sierra natives who had migrated to the coast. We also compared the prevalence rates from this study with those from a previous study conducted at high altitude. We examined 1534 subjects >15 years of age for gallstone disease. Subjects were interviewed for the presence or absence of risk factors. RESULTS: Gallstone disease was more common in females (16.1 cases per 100, 95% CI 13.8-18.2) than in males (10.7 per 100, 95% CI 8.0-13.4). Females had a greater risk of gallstone disease, especially if they had used oral contraception and/or had four or more children. The age adjusted prevalence was not significantly different between coastal natives, Sierra migrants, and Andean villagers. The prevalence of gallstone disease was not associated with time since migration or with having native Sierra parents. After adjusting for other risk factors, Sierra natives who migrated to the coast had a lower prevalence of gallstone disease than coastal natives (odds ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that high altitude is not a positive risk factor for gallstone disease and confirms that this disease is common in Peruvians, which may be attributable to Peruvian-Indian ethnicity.  (+info)

Lifetime prevalence of and risk factors for psychiatric disorders among Mexican migrant farmworkers in California. (8/715)

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the prevalence of and risk factors for 12 psychiatric disorders were examined by sex and ethnicity (Indian vs non-Indian) among Mexican migrant farm-workers working in Fresno County, California. METHODS: Subjects aged 18 through 59 years were selected under a cluster sampling design (n = 1001). A modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used for case ascertainment. The effects of sociodemographic and acculturation factors on lifetime psychiatric disorders were tested. RESULTS: Lifetime rates of any psychiatric disorder were as follows: men, 26.7% (SE = 1.9); women, 16.8% (SE = 1.7); Indians, 26.0% (SE = 4.5); non-Indians, 20.1% (SE = 1.3). Total lifetime rates were as follows: affective disorders, 5.7%; anxiety disorders, 12.5%; any substance abuse or dependence, 8.7%; antisocial personality, 0.2%. Lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was lower for migrants than for Mexican Americans and for the US population as a whole. High acculturation and primary US residence increased the likelihood of lifetime psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The results underscore the risk posed by cultural adjustment problems, the potential for progressive deterioration of this population's mental health, and the need for culturally appropriate mental health services.  (+info)

In the context of medical terminology, "transients" and "migrants" are often used to describe populations that are moving or have recently moved from one place to another. These terms can refer to individuals who are temporarily residing in a location for work, school, or other reasons (transients), as well as those who are planning to settle permanently in a new location (migrants).

A "transient" population may include people who are traveling for leisure, working on temporary contracts, attending school in a different city or country, or serving in the military. These individuals typically have a specific destination and time frame for their stay, and they may not have established long-term social or medical support systems in the area.

A "migrant" population, on the other hand, refers to people who are moving with the intention of settling permanently in a new location. This can include individuals and families who are seeking better economic opportunities, fleeing political unrest or natural disasters, or reuniting with family members in another country. Migrants often face unique challenges when it comes to accessing healthcare services, as they may not have established relationships with healthcare providers in their new location, may face language barriers, and may lack familiarity with the local healthcare system.

It's important to note that these terms are not mutually exclusive, and an individual or group could be considered both transient and migrant depending on the context. For example, a refugee family who is resettling permanently in a new country might initially be considered transients as they establish themselves in their new home, but over time they would become part of the migrant population.

Emigration is the process of leaving one's country of origin or habitual residence to settle in another country. It involves giving up the rights and privileges associated with citizenship in the country of origin and acquiring new rights and responsibilities as a citizen or resident of the destination country. Emigrants are people who choose to leave their native land to live elsewhere, often driven by factors such as economic opportunities, political instability, or conflict.

Immigration, on the other hand, is the process of entering and settling in a new country with the intention of becoming a permanent resident or citizen. Immigrants are individuals who come from another country to live in a new place, often seeking better job opportunities, education, or quality of life. They must comply with the immigration laws and regulations of the host country and may be required to undergo medical examinations, background checks, and other screening processes before being granted permission to enter and reside in the country.

In summary, emigration refers to leaving one's home country, while immigration refers to entering and settling in a new country.

Animal migration is a seasonal movement of animals from one place to another, typically over long distances, to find food, reproduce, or escape harsh conditions. This phenomenon is observed in various species, including birds, mammals, fish, and insects. The routes and destinations of these migrations are often genetically programmed and can be quite complex. Animal migration has important ecological consequences and is influenced by factors such as climate change, habitat loss, and human activities.

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those you'd get if you were having a stroke. A TIA doesn't cause permanent damage and is often caused by a temporary decrease in blood supply to part of your brain, which may last as little as five minutes.

Like an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris blocks blood flow to part of your nervous system. However, unlike a stroke, a TIA doesn't leave lasting damage because the blockage is temporary.

Symptoms of a TIA can include sudden onset of weakness, numbness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg, typically on one side of your body. You could also experience slurred or garbled speech, or difficulty understanding others. Other symptoms can include blindness in one or both eyes, dizziness, or a severe headache with no known cause.

Even though TIAs usually last only a few minutes, they are a serious condition and should not be ignored. If you suspect you or someone else is experiencing a TIA, seek immediate medical attention. TIAs can be a warning sign that a full-blown stroke is imminent.

An emigrant is a person who leaves their native country to live permanently in another country. The process of leaving one's country to settle in another is called emigration.

On the other hand, an immigrant is a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country. The process of coming to live permanently in a new country is called immigration.

So, the main difference between emigrants and immigrants lies in the perspective: emigrants are people leaving their own country, while immigrants are people entering a new country.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Suriname" is not a medical term. It is a country located in South America, known for its diverse culture and rich biodiversity. If you have any questions about medical terminology or Surinamese health issues, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "China." Generally, it is used to refer to:

1. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a country in East Asia. It is the most populous country in the world and the fourth largest by geographical area. Its capital city is Beijing.
2. In a historical context, "China" was used to refer to various dynasties and empires that existed in East Asia over thousands of years. The term "Middle Kingdom" or "Zhongguo" (中国) has been used by the Chinese people to refer to their country for centuries.
3. In a more general sense, "China" can also be used to describe products or goods that originate from or are associated with the People's Republic of China.

If you have a specific context in which you encountered the term "China" related to medicine, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mexico" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in North America. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Myanmar" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a country in Southeast Asia, also known as Burma. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Morocco" is not a medical term. It is the constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary national unity government located in North Africa. It has a population of over 33 million and an area of 446,550 km2. The capital city is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber, with French widely spoken as well.

If you have any medical questions or terms that you would like me to define, please let me know!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tajikistan" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Central Asia. Tajikistan is a sovereign state, bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. The capital city of Tajikistan is Dushanbe. If you have any questions about medical topics or terminology, I would be happy to help answer those for you.

Calcium is an essential mineral that is vital for various physiological processes in the human body. The medical definition of calcium is as follows:

Calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial cation and the most abundant mineral in the human body, with approximately 99% of it found in bones and teeth. It plays a vital role in maintaining structural integrity, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, hormonal secretion, blood coagulation, and enzyme activation.

Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated through the interplay of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. Dietary calcium intake, absorption, and excretion are also critical factors in maintaining optimal calcium levels in the body.

Hypocalcemia refers to low serum calcium levels, while hypercalcemia indicates high serum calcium levels. Both conditions can have detrimental effects on various organ systems and require medical intervention to correct.

Medically, the term "refugees" does not have a specific definition. However, in a broader social and humanitarian context, refugees are defined by the United Nations as:

"People who are outside their country of nationality or habitual residence; have a well-founded fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and are unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution."

Refugees often face significant health challenges due to forced displacement, violence, trauma, limited access to healthcare services, and harsh living conditions. They may experience physical and mental health issues, including infectious diseases, malnutrition, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Providing medical care and support for refugees is an important aspect of global public health.

A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Moscow" is not a medical term. It is the capital city of Russia. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kuwait" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in the Middle East, known officially as the State of Kuwait. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Acculturation is a process that occurs when two cultures come into contact and influence each other. In the context of medical anthropology, acculturation often refers to the changes that take place when members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of another group, typically the dominant culture in a given society.

Acculturation can have significant impacts on health and healthcare. For example, individuals who are undergoing acculturation may experience stress related to adapting to a new culture, which can lead to negative health outcomes. Additionally, acculturation can affect health-seeking behaviors and attitudes toward medical treatment.

The process of acculturation is complex and multifaceted, and can involve changes in language, religion, diet, social norms, and other aspects of culture. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential impacts of acculturation on their patients' health and to provide culturally sensitive care that takes into account the unique experiences and perspectives of each patient.

Northern Africa is a geographical region that broadly consists of the countries of the African Transverse, which are Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, and Western Sahara. Sometimes, it may also include Sudan, South Sudan, and Mauritania. This region is characterized by its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlas Mountains, as well as its unique cultural and historical heritage. Northern Africa has a diverse climate, with a hot, dry desert climate in the interior and a milder, wetter climate along the coasts. The major languages spoken in this region include Arabic, Berber, and French.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Netherlands Antilles" is not a medical term. It refers to a former political entity in the Caribbean that was composed of several islands including Curacao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius. These islands are now special municipalities of the Netherlands or part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. I'm here to help with medical information, so if you have any health-related questions, feel free to ask!

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "birds." Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, and lightweight but strong skeletons. Some birds, such as pigeons and chickens, have been used in medical research, but the term "birds" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Population dynamics, in the context of public health and epidemiology, refers to the study of the changes in size and structure of a population over time, as well as the factors that contribute to those changes. This can include birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, aging, and other demographic characteristics. Understanding population dynamics is crucial for planning and implementing public health interventions, such as vaccination programs or disease prevention strategies, as they allow researchers and policymakers to identify vulnerable populations, predict future health trends, and evaluate the impact of public health initiatives.

I'm not aware of a medical definition for the term "Single Person." In general, a single person is someone who is not married or in a committed relationship. However, this term is not typically used in a medical context. If you have more specific context or information that you're looking for, please let me know and I'll do my best to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.

In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!

"Animal Flight" is not a medical term per se, but it is a concept that is studied in the field of comparative physiology and biomechanics, which are disciplines related to medicine. Animal flight refers to the ability of certain animal species to move through the air by flapping their wings or other appendages. This mode of locomotion is most commonly associated with birds, bats, and insects, but some mammals such as flying squirrels and sugar gliders are also capable of gliding through the air.

The study of animal flight involves understanding the biomechanics of how animals generate lift and propulsion, as well as the physiological adaptations that allow them to sustain flight. For example, birds have lightweight skeletons and powerful chest muscles that enable them to flap their wings rapidly and generate lift. Bats, on the other hand, use a more complex system of membranes and joints to manipulate their wings and achieve maneuverability in flight.

Understanding animal flight has important implications for the design of aircraft and other engineering systems, as well as for our broader understanding of how animals have evolved to adapt to their environments.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Turkey" is not a medical term. It is a common name for the country located in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, as well as a type of large bird native to North America that is often eaten as a holiday meal. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try and help answer them!

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a type of ion channel proteins that are widely expressed in various tissues and cells, including the sensory neurons, epithelial cells, and immune cells. They are named after the transient receptor potential mutant flies, which have defects in light-induced electrical responses due to mutations in TRP channels.

TRP channels are polymodal signal integrators that can be activated by a diverse range of physical and chemical stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, touch, osmolarity, pH, and various endogenous and exogenous ligands. Once activated, TRP channels allow the flow of cations, including calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and magnesium (Mg2+) ions, across the cell membrane.

TRP channels play critical roles in various physiological processes, such as sensory perception, neurotransmission, muscle contraction, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Dysfunction of TRP channels has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, including pain, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer.

There are six subfamilies of TRP channels, based on their sequence homology and functional properties: TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPP (polycystin), and TRPML (mucolipin). Each subfamily contains several members with distinct activation mechanisms, ion selectivity, and tissue distribution.

In summary, Transient Receptor Potential Channels are a group of polymodal cation channels that play critical roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in many pathological conditions.

Extramarital relations, also known as infidelity or cheating, refer to sexual or emotional relationships that occur outside of a committed marriage or long-term relationship. These relations are considered to be contrary to the explicit or implicit marital agreement between two partners and can involve various forms of sexual contact or intimate communication with someone other than one's spouse or partner.

Extramarital relations can have serious consequences for both individuals and relationships, including damage to trust, emotional distress, and even divorce. It is important to note that the definition and ethical implications of extramarital relations may vary depending on cultural, religious, and personal beliefs.

Health services accessibility refers to the degree to which individuals and populations are able to obtain needed health services in a timely manner. It includes factors such as physical access (e.g., distance, transportation), affordability (e.g., cost of services, insurance coverage), availability (e.g., supply of providers, hours of operation), and acceptability (e.g., cultural competence, language concordance).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is one of the key components of health system performance, along with responsiveness and fair financing. Improving accessibility to health services is essential for achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Factors that affect health services accessibility can vary widely between and within countries, and addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, infrastructure development, and community engagement.

Cultural characteristics refer to the beliefs, customs, values, and behaviors that are shared by a group of people and are passed down from one generation to the next. These characteristics help define and distinguish one cultural group from another. In healthcare, understanding a patient's cultural characteristics is important for providing culturally competent care, which takes into account the patient's cultural background, beliefs, and values in the delivery of care. This can help improve communication, build trust, and ensure that the patient receives care that is respectful and responsive to their needs and preferences.

Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:

1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.

Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

I'm happy to help! However, it looks like there might be a bit of confusion in your question. "Human migration" is not a medical term per se, but rather a sociological or anthropological concept that refers to the large-scale movement of human populations from one area to another.

That being said, human migration can certainly have significant impacts on health and healthcare systems, both for the migrating populations themselves and for the communities they move into. For example, migrants may face language barriers, discrimination, or other challenges that affect their access to care, while also potentially bringing new diseases or health risks into a community.

In summary, while "human migration" is not a medical definition in and of itself, it is an important concept to consider in the context of public health and healthcare delivery.

A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.

In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.

Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.

Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question as "Songbirds" is a common name given to a group of birds known for their vocal abilities, rather than a term used in medical definitions. Songbirds, also known as passerines, are a diverse group of more than 5,000 species of small to medium-sized birds. They belong to the order Passeriformes and include familiar birds such as sparrows, finches, robins, and warblers.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare topics, please let me know and I would be happy to help!

Calcium signaling is the process by which cells regulate various functions through changes in intracellular calcium ion concentrations. Calcium ions (Ca^2+^) are crucial second messengers that play a critical role in many cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, gene expression, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).

Intracellular calcium levels are tightly regulated by a complex network of channels, pumps, and exchangers located on the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. These proteins control the influx, efflux, and storage of calcium ions within the cell.

Calcium signaling is initiated when an external signal, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, binds to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane. This interaction triggers the opening of ion channels, allowing extracellular Ca^2+^ to flow into the cytoplasm. In some cases, this influx of calcium ions is sufficient to activate downstream targets directly. However, in most instances, the increase in intracellular Ca^2+^ serves as a trigger for the release of additional calcium from internal stores, such as the ER.

The release of calcium from the ER is mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), which are activated by specific second messengers generated in response to the initial external signal. The activation of these channels leads to a rapid increase in cytoplasmic Ca^2+^, creating a transient intracellular calcium signal known as a "calcium spark" or "calcium puff."

These localized increases in calcium concentration can then propagate throughout the cell as waves of elevated calcium, allowing for the spatial and temporal coordination of various cellular responses. The duration and amplitude of these calcium signals are finely tuned by the interplay between calcium-binding proteins, pumps, and exchangers, ensuring that appropriate responses are elicited in a controlled manner.

Dysregulation of intracellular calcium signaling has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing calcium homeostasis and signaling is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Peru" is not a medical term. It is a country located in South America, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and beautiful landscapes. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the abbreviation "USSR" stands for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which was a socialist state in Eastern Europe and northern and central Asia that existed from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was not a medical term or concept. If you have any questions related to medicine, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.

A municipal hospital is a type of hospital that is owned, operated, and funded by a local government body, typically at the city or county level. These hospitals provide medical care and services to the residents within their jurisdiction, regardless of the patient's ability to pay. They are often established with the goal of serving the healthcare needs of underserved populations, including low-income individuals and families.

Municipal hospitals may offer a range of medical services, from emergency care to specialized treatments, and they may be staffed by both employed physicians and private practitioners who have admitting privileges at the hospital. In some cases, municipal hospitals may also provide training programs for medical students and residents.

It's worth noting that the specific definition and characteristics of municipal hospitals can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the needs of the community they serve.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "North Carolina" is a geographical location and not a medical term or condition. It is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I'd be happy to help with those!

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that cannot be explained by a more common neurological or medical condition. It is characterized by an inability to form new memories (anterograde amnesia) and to recall past events or personal information (retrograde amnesia). These memory gaps typically last for several hours, but may persist for up to 24 hours.

TGA usually affects people over the age of 50 and is more common in men than women. The exact cause of TGA is not known, although it has been associated with various triggers such as emotional stress, physical exertion, sudden immersion in cold water, sexual activity, and medical procedures.

During a TGA episode, individuals often repeat the same questions or statements due to their inability to form new memories. They may also appear confused or disoriented, but they typically remain conscious and maintain their ability to perform familiar tasks. Most people with TGA do not experience any long-term memory loss or other neurological symptoms after the episode resolves.

The diagnosis of TGA is based on the characteristic symptoms, a normal physical examination, and the exclusion of other potential causes of amnesia through medical testing. Treatment for TGA is generally supportive, focusing on reassuring the individual and providing a safe environment during the episode. Recurrent episodes of TGA are uncommon but can occur in some individuals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Latin America" is not a medical term. It is a geographical and cultural region that includes parts of North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean where Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, and French) are predominantly spoken. The term does not have a specific medical relevance or definition.

Central America is a geographical region that connects North America and South America. It is made up of seven countries: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. The eastern coast of Central America is bordered by the Caribbean Sea, while the western coast is bordered by the Pacific Ocean.

The region is characterized by its diverse geography, which includes lowland rainforests, volcanic mountain ranges, and coastal plains. It is also home to a wide range of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.

Culturally, Central America is a melting pot of indigenous, African, and European influences. The region has a rich history of Mayan civilization, as well as Spanish colonialism. Today, the countries of Central America have diverse economies, with agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism being major industries.

Sexual behavior refers to any physical or emotional interaction that has the potential to lead to sexual arousal and/or satisfaction. This can include a wide range of activities, such as kissing, touching, fondling, oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex, and masturbation. It can also involve the use of sexual aids, such as vibrators or pornography.

Sexual behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences. It is an important aspect of human development and relationships, and it is essential to healthy sexual functioning and satisfaction. However, sexual behavior can also be associated with risks, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies, and it is important for individuals to engage in safe and responsible sexual practices.

It's important to note that sexual behavior can vary widely among individuals and cultures, and what may be considered normal or acceptable in one culture or context may not be in another. It's also important to recognize that all individuals have the right to make informed decisions about their own sexual behavior and to have their sexual rights and autonomy respected.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a viral illness that progressively attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to other infections and diseases. The virus primarily infects CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. Over time, as the number of these immune cells declines, the body becomes increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.

HIV infection has three stages:

1. Acute HIV infection: This is the initial stage that occurs within 2-4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this period, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, rash, swollen glands, and muscle aches. The virus replicates rapidly, and the viral load in the body is very high.
2. Chronic HIV infection (Clinical latency): This stage follows the acute infection and can last several years if left untreated. Although individuals may not show any symptoms during this phase, the virus continues to replicate at low levels, and the immune system gradually weakens. The viral load remains relatively stable, but the number of CD4+ T cells declines over time.
3. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): This is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely damaged immune system and numerous opportunistic infections or cancers. At this stage, the CD4+ T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood.

It's important to note that with proper antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with HIV infection can effectively manage the virus, maintain a healthy immune system, and significantly reduce the risk of transmission to others. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV.

"Cells, cultured" is a medical term that refers to cells that have been removed from an organism and grown in controlled laboratory conditions outside of the body. This process is called cell culture and it allows scientists to study cells in a more controlled and accessible environment than they would have inside the body. Cultured cells can be derived from a variety of sources, including tissues, organs, or fluids from humans, animals, or cell lines that have been previously established in the laboratory.

Cell culture involves several steps, including isolation of the cells from the tissue, purification and characterization of the cells, and maintenance of the cells in appropriate growth conditions. The cells are typically grown in specialized media that contain nutrients, growth factors, and other components necessary for their survival and proliferation. Cultured cells can be used for a variety of purposes, including basic research, drug development and testing, and production of biological products such as vaccines and gene therapies.

It is important to note that cultured cells may behave differently than they do in the body, and results obtained from cell culture studies may not always translate directly to human physiology or disease. Therefore, it is essential to validate findings from cell culture experiments using additional models and ultimately in clinical trials involving human subjects.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Thailand" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeast Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you!

"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices" (HKAP) is a term used in public health to refer to the knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors that individuals possess or engage in that are related to health. Here's a brief definition of each component:

1. Health Knowledge: Refers to the factual information and understanding that individuals have about various health-related topics, such as anatomy, physiology, disease processes, and healthy behaviors.
2. Attitudes: Represent the positive or negative evaluations, feelings, or dispositions that people hold towards certain health issues, practices, or services. These attitudes can influence their willingness to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.
3. Practices: Encompass the specific actions or habits that individuals engage in related to their health, such as dietary choices, exercise routines, hygiene practices, and use of healthcare services.

HKAP is a multidimensional concept that helps public health professionals understand and address various factors influencing individual and community health outcomes. By assessing and addressing knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, or unhealthy practices, interventions can be designed to promote positive behavior change and improve overall health status.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Somalia" is not a medical term. It is a country located in the Horn of Africa. If you have any questions about medical terms or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

Urban health is a branch of public health that focuses on the unique health challenges and disparities faced by urban populations. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of people living in urban areas, which are characterized by high population density, diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, and unique environmental exposures.

Urban health addresses a range of issues, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, injuries, violence, and mental health disorders, as well as the social determinants of health such as housing, education, income, and access to healthcare services. It also considers the impact of urbanization on health, including the effects of pollution, noise, crowding, and lack of green spaces.

The goal of urban health is to promote health equity and improve the overall health outcomes of urban populations by addressing these challenges through evidence-based interventions, policies, and programs that are tailored to the unique needs of urban communities.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

I'm happy to help, but I need to clarify that the term "social discrimination" is not typically used in medical definitions. However, discrimination can be a significant social determinant of health, which refers to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that shape their health.

Discrimination can be defined as the unfair or unequal treatment of people based on certain characteristics or attributes, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, or socioeconomic status. Discrimination can occur in various settings, including employment, education, housing, healthcare, and criminal justice, among others.

Experiences of discrimination can have negative effects on physical and mental health outcomes, contributing to chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and other health conditions. Therefore, it is essential to address discrimination as a critical social determinant of health and work towards promoting equity, inclusion, and social justice in society.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Eastern Europe is a geographical and political region of the European continent. The exact definition of Eastern Europe varies, but it generally includes the countries in Central and Eastern Europe that were part of the Soviet Union or aligned with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. These countries include:

* Belarus
* Bulgaria
* Czech Republic
* Hungary
* Moldova
* Poland
* Romania
* Russia (European portion)
* Slovakia
* Ukraine

Some definitions of Eastern Europe also include the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), which were part of the Soviet Union but are now independent countries. Other definitions may also include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia, which were part of the Eastern Bloc but not part of the Soviet Union.

It is important to note that the term "Eastern Europe" can be seen as problematic and outdated, as it is often associated with negative stereotypes and historical connotations from the Cold War era. Many people prefer to use more specific terms, such as "Central Europe," "Eastern Bloc," or "Soviet Union," to describe the region.

Southeast Asia is a geographical region that consists of the countries that are located at the southeastern part of the Asian continent. The definition of which countries comprise Southeast Asia may vary, but it generally includes the following 11 countries:

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* East Timor (Timor-Leste)
* Indonesia
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Myanmar (Burma)
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Thailand
* Vietnam

Southeast Asia is known for its rich cultural diversity, with influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The region is also home to a diverse range of ecosystems, including rainforests, coral reefs, and mountain ranges. In recent years, Southeast Asia has experienced significant economic growth and development, but the region still faces challenges related to poverty, political instability, and environmental degradation.

Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) cation channels are a subfamily of the TRP superfamily of non-selective cation channels. They are widely expressed in various tissues and play crucial roles in many cellular processes, including sensory perception, cell proliferation, and migration. TRPC channels are permeable to both monovalent (sodium and potassium) and divalent (calcium and magnesium) cations, and their activation can lead to a rise in intracellular calcium concentration, which in turn regulates various downstream signaling pathways. TRPC channels can be activated by a variety of stimuli, including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and mechanical stress. Mutations in TRPC genes have been associated with several human diseases, including hereditary hearing loss, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological conditions.

In 2014, Mexico began to more heavily crackdown on these transient migrants. According to Mexican officials, the Plan Frontera ... the area has become more associated with later Chinese migrants. In modern times, historical Filipino migrants to Mexico have ... eligibility was extended to undocumented migrants that entered the country before 9 January 2015. Migrants are assured that ... Some of the migrants returned to Spain after the civil war, but some of them remained in Mexico. According to the 2010 census, ...
103-. ISBN 978-0-19-583799-5. Fulong Wu; Fangzhu Zhang; Chris Webster (15 August 2013). Rural Migrants in Urban China: Enclaves ... and Transient Urbanism. Routledge. pp. 273-. ISBN 978-1-135-09527-7. China Newsletter. Japan External Trade Organization. 1994 ...
"Work in Gulf means short-term gains, transient lifestyle". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 ... Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia Migrant worker Kafala system Migrant domestic workers Migrant domestic workers in Lebanon ... The migrants who moved were left stranded without food or water, for several days. Saudi Arabia allowed some of the migrants ... "Jennifer Dalquez - Migrant Worker Sentenced to Death by U.A.E Court". Migrant Forum in Asia. 11 March 2017. Archived from the ...
288-. ISBN 978-0-8047-4791-2. Fulong Wu; Fangzhu Zhang; Chris Webster (15 August 2013). Rural Migrants in Urban China: Enclaves ... and Transient Urbanism. Routledge. pp. 274-. ISBN 978-1-135-09527-7. Stuart Allan; Einar Thorsen (2009). Citizen Journalism: ...
Some are transient visitors such as the Owlet Night-jar. Others are seasonal migrants, including the Olive-backed Oriole and ...
The family arrives at the first transient migrant campground for workers. The camp is crowded with other starving, jobless, and ... Joe Bordeaux as Migrant (uncredited) Jack Perrin as Migrant (uncredited) Frank O'Connor as Deputy #1 (uncredited) George O'Hara ... When a group of migrant workers is striking, Tom wants to learn more about it. He attends a secret meeting in the dark woods. ... The family goes to another migrant camp, the Keene Ranch. After working in the fields, they discover the high food prices in ...
Coastal migrants (also called "transients") include shorebirds such as plovers, turnstones, sandpipers, willet and yellowlegs. ... Some birds are summer residents or winter residents, while others are spring and fall transients. Year round residents include ...
Debate regarding the verbiage to be used in the amendment focused solely on Haitian migrant workers. Article 18, as adopted ... unless their foreign parents were representatives of a foreign government or transient. It also provided that children born ... The first group, of approximately 55,000 people, were children of undocumented migrants whose births had been recorded in the ... Regularization and Naturalization of Irregular Migrants in Dominican Republic: Study of the 0168/13 Judgment of the Dominican ...
Regarding the transient migrant population, which often goes beyond 15,000 people, cohabitation has developed with relative ... The large migrant population contributes to the need of a new healthcare facility in town. The urban area of Almonte has an ...
Of a total of 115 bird species, 54 species are neotropical migrants and 27 were transients to the North Carolina Piedmont. The ...
... while younger migrants and those with higher level of education are less likely to depend on the networks. How do transient ... Migrant networks are "sets of interpersonal ties that connect migrants, former migrants, and non-immigrants" through the ties ... This is because migrants in China are commonly members of a floating population, which refers primarily to migrants in China ... Rural-urban migrant workers have a significant presence in China's labor force. By 2006, migrant workers comprised 40% of the ...
These migrants were composed of miners and fortune seekers from a variety of nationalities and cultures, over 95% of whom were ... These transient and diverse populations thrust into a relatively anarchic environment were less likely to conform to social ...
Many animal species, both endemic and transient, frequent Kirkland Island and the South Arm Marshes. They include: Loons and ... licensed annual agriculture management and production to the Kirkland Island Waterfowl Society to attract and support migrant ...
The expiration of the POR Cards in December 2012 saw a more expedited movement of the transient migrants from Pakistan to other ... The secondary migrants moved to Pakistan with the ultimate aim of emigrating to North America, Europe and Australia. As of mid- ... They are a small community of mainly students as well as some secondary migrants, most of whom arrived after the start of the ... It comprised 4,000 to 8,000 migrants only a few months earlier, but steadily shrunk in size as Somali immigrants effected a ...
In larger cities such as Accra & Kumasi, Kaya are often migrants from remote regions who have come to the cities in search for ... The Kaya are often transient, and often without basic sanitation. Basic hygiene & nutrition conditions are also poor. ...
Kammerer, Peter (25 February 2003). "Indonesia acts to protect its migrant workers". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 6 July ... Lyons, Lenore T. (1 October 2005). "Transient Workers Count Too? The intersection of citizenship and gender in Singapore's ... this remark caused a group of Singaporeans to form an advocacy group called Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2), hoping to ...
"Invisible Victims: Migrants on the Move in Mexico". Amnesty International Publishers. Retrieved 25 May 2013. Mykolas, Juodele ... United States Union Pacific Railroad in the United States encourages people who witness transients on freight trains to report ... Mexico It is estimated that yearly between 400,000 and 500,000 migrants-the majority of whom are from El Salvador, Guatemala, ... Europe Despite increased deterrent measures, would-be migrants use the Eurostar and Eurotunnel Shuttle to cross the English ...
Poetry Competition was launched in 2014 when organiser Shivaji Das was a volunteer with non-profit organisation Transient ... "Winner of Migrant Worker Poetry Competition". Migrant Worker Poetry Competition. Retrieved 24 January 2018. "Migrant workers in ... "Migrant Tales". National Library Board (Singapore). Martin, Mayo (12 December 2016). "More than words: Singapore's migrant ... The Migrant Worker Poetry Competition is an annual competition launched in 2014 that recognises outstanding poetry written by ...
The government was keen to draw in well educated migrants from Asian countries who, it was hoped, would be both keen and able ... There was a constant flow of Indians in and out of the city, keeping the local community fairly transient. The influx of ... Coolies: a large number of Indian migrants were rural Tamils and Telugus who were landless peasants including many from shudra ... Consequently, "the cultivation of a Singaporean identity has been largely successful in converting Indian migrants into Indian- ...
This has led in the U.S. to groups of "transient" or "migrant" workers who follow the harvest seasons to different farms across ... then southern European migrants from Italy, Malta and Yugoslavia (before it disintegrated), then southeast Asian migrant and ...
Later the term acquired a narrower meaning, to refer only to those who prefer the transient way of life. Writing in 1877 Allan ... Initially, the term "tramp" had a broad meaning, and was often used to refer to migrant workers who were looking for permanent ... The common lodging house or "doss house" developed to accommodate transients. Urbanisation also led to an increase in forms of ... The number of transient homeless people increased markedly in the U.S. after the industrial recession of the early 1870s. ...
The Great Depression sees a transformation in the ethnic make-up of the migrant farmer. In the past, migrant farmers were ... they denied responsibility because the workers were transient. Lastly, in what Steinbeck calls "a game of medicine ball," ... Workers work with a "pacer" who maintains the pace at which migrants should be harvesting crops. If a migrant worker falls ... While the focus is on those white American migrants, Steinbeck also describes the lot of foreign migrants and notes how they ...
... especially transients and colored migrants in South Florida, listed as "missing". About 43,000 people were left homeless, ...
When Singapore became independent from the United Kingdom in 1963, most Singaporean citizens were transient migrant labourers ... "Trends in international migrant stock: The 2008 revision", United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, ...
For many South Africa was the first destination, where some have settled, but most of these migrants where transient and later ... Are mainly economic migrants and settled mainly in the Middle East and Britain. The total population is approximately 7 million ... Majority of them are migrant workers. Overseas Filipino Workers have their own political party in the Philippine Congress. ... Michael, David J. (2012-12-11). "Swedish migrant workers and Norwegian oil wealth have reversed the centuries-old Scandinavian ...
... most of which today only occur only as transient migrants, formerly bred in Seneca County. The Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis ... Migrant waterbirds, in ancient times commonly encountered throughout the region as they foraged in the swamps on their way ... possibly extinct today, occurred as a transient in Ohio until about 1900; to what extent it migrated through Seneca County is ...
Wijeysingha has served as the Executive Director of Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2), a non-government organisation ... advocating the rights of low-waged migrant workers. He also publishes scholarly papers on social work and has worked as a ...
... with a huge increase in the number of transient migrant workers. Official figures show that the number of foreigners on short- ... Many of the migrants from China in the 19th century came to work on the pepper and gambier plantations, with 11,000 Chinese ... Singapore became one of the entry and dispersal points for large number of Chinese and Indian migrants who came to work in the ... Indian residents, however, rose to 9.2% in 2010 due to an increase in the number of Indians migrant workers (compared to 7.4% ...
It was believed that the Appalachian migrants assimilated less rapidly than Northern rural migrants because of their group ... ", "drifters", and "transients". In a socioeconomic research study conducted by Roscoe Griffin that spanned from 1945-1950 on ... Migrants from all over Appalachia began to feel a social solidarity with each other, preferring to work and live beside other ... During holidays and lay-offs, most of the migrants went back to their old homes. During lay-offs in Flint, MI, as many as 35% ...
... both by the local homeless people and by the transient migrants. The renovation is to be finished on 25 June 2021, when the ...
Under her leadership, UFW expanded its reach through house meetings and adapted to the transient nature of Texas migrant ... Flores was born in Atascosa County, Texas to a family of migrant workers. Flores' family has lived in Texas since the mid-1700s ...
Migrant, transient, and peri-urban populations. Cities around the world are homes to tens of millions of refugees, asylum ... and needs of migrant, transient, and peri-urban populations and by providing equitable access to quality healthcare and ... Exclusionary policies in urban development: Under-servicing migrant households in Brazilian cities. J Urban Econ2011;69:253-72. ... City boundaries and residents are also increasingly blurred by large groups of transient populations who seek jobs in cities, ...
L.A. receives 20th bus of migrants courtesy of Texas Gov. Greg Abbott ... Column: Theyre sick, traumatized, malnourished and transient - what child poverty looks like in Los Angeles Cianna Allen, 8, ...
Results of search for su:{Transients and migrants.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available items ... Series: Migrant workers ; no. 2Material type: Text; Format: print Publication details: New York : United Nations, 1986 ... Migrants and malaria / R. Mansell Prothero. by Prothero, R. Mansell.. Material type: Text; Format: print Publication details: ... Migrants by necessity : a report on the living conditions of forestry workers in the SIDA supported Bai Bang Programme / by ...
Through 40 personal interviews with Korean migrants, Claire S... ... book explores the role of new media technology in transient ...
In this context, the Programme Santé Migrants (PSM), a reference consultation for refugees, realises that it will not be able ... In this context, the Programme Santé Migrants (PSM), a reference consultation for refugees, realises that it will not be able ... Dans ce contexte, le Programme santé migrants (PSM), consultation de référence pour les réfugiés, réalise quil ne pourra pas ... 2 Programme santé migrants, Service de médecine de premier recours, Département de médecine de premier recours, Hôpitaux ...
In 2014, Mexico began to more heavily crackdown on these transient migrants. According to Mexican officials, the Plan Frontera ... the area has become more associated with later Chinese migrants. In modern times, historical Filipino migrants to Mexico have ... eligibility was extended to undocumented migrants that entered the country before 9 January 2015. Migrants are assured that ... Some of the migrants returned to Spain after the civil war, but some of them remained in Mexico. According to the 2010 census, ...
F. Migrants and Other Persons with Transient Living Arrangements. CASES THAT SHOULD BE COUNTED ... Cases among transient TB patients should not be counted when evidence exists that they have already been counted by another ...
Transient and migrant workers. *Homeless. *Non-registered with GPs. *Less accessible geographical areas ...
How does an extended stay in Japan influence Indian migrants sense of their identity as they adapt to a country very different ... Indian Migrants in Tokyo A Study of Socio-Cultural, Religious, and Working Worlds By Megha Wadhwa Copyright 2021 ... How does an extended stay in Japan influence Indian migrants sense of their identity as they adapt to a country very different ... Drawing on years of fieldwork primarily in Tokyo, "Indian Migrants in Tokyo" manages to affectionately convey a great deal of ...
Categories: Transients and Migrants Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
... starting salaries for migrant workers flatlined for the last 10 years," transient workers count too, January 15, 2017, ➝. ... for whom migrants labor is essential for the countrys growth.6 At the same time, these migrants are rendered powerless within ... Not only do migrant workers supply a large source of seasonal and project-based labor, but they are also perceived as a source ... Indian migrant workers playing cricket in front of their dormitory, with a view of Puteri harbor, Malaysia, 2019. Photo by ...
... particularly among migrants seeking resettlement. Libya is a main transient station for migrants northward toward Europe ... [ ... Conclusion The migrant population from the neighboring and sub-Saharan African countries have inadequate KAP about HBV and HCV ... Migrants KAP about HBV and HCV infection was assessed by interview questionnaire. Statistical and data analysis used SPSS ... Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 674 sub-Saharan African migrants in Al Kufra, Libya from January to October ...
The expiration of the POR Cards in December 2012 saw a more expedited movement of the transient migrants from Pakistan to other ... The secondary migrants moved to Pakistan with the ultimate aim of emigrating to North America, Europe and Australia. As of mid- ... They are a small community of mainly students as well as some secondary migrants, most of whom arrived after the start of the ... It comprised 4,000 to 8,000 migrants only a few months earlier, but steadily shrunk in size as Somali immigrants effected a ...
Our transient and migrant populations are classic representatives of Lamberts Two Laws of Neoliberalism: "1) Because markets! ... worked by migrants. The zombie/urban-outdoorsman population tends to be older, white, and transient. ... Many migrants can only make a decent living by hustling in the purest marketplace of all - and their side-hustle has become so ...
Migrants help, so help migrants 2000-02-11. China needs to manage its transient population better as more and more people ... Migrant children given easier access to education 2002-07-10. The Chinese government has begun to implement a series of ... Residence cards for migrants 2002-06-28. The first group of 60 people from outside the city were granted Shanghai residence ... Migrant population deserves better 2003-11-18. The debate over whether to scrap the temporary residence registration scheme is ...
... workers of the free Power System Grounding and Transients: ( BDB 1027). This discusses a badly strategic and fundamental was. ... 163866497093122 : earth demagogues can use all migrants of the Page. 1493782030835866 : Can endorse, be or include ... Free Power System Grounding And Transients: An Introduction. Free Power System Grounding And Transients: An Introduction. by ... help the free Power System Grounding and Transients: An at the page to be or update at the beast. The created Success performed ...
It excludes about 1.235 million migrants working abroad. The 2019 figures for districts and communes refer only to household ... population; they exclude institutional, boat and transient population, i.e. 2.36% of the total population is missing in ...
The school is very aware of the needs of all its international students, those paying fees, those who are children of migrant ... The school provides education for a significant number of temporary-entrant students, transient students, and students from ... migrant families.. Students know about the schools strategic direction. They know the part they can play in bringing about the ...
... with a highly transient population of migrants who come to work during harvest season. Because many migrant workers come with ...
The pandemic is reinforcing the arrival of transient migrants who can work from home, and this has been paralleled by a growth ... Transient Barcelona: Tourists and global gentrifiers in the creative city. When: 17 March 2021, 18:00 - 19:30 Venue: Online ... Gentrifiers are privileged migrants attracted by leisure opportunities and who consume urban experiences that collide with the ... A global demand of transient people and platforms rental markets mean that property owners do not need tenants to obtain ...
Some of the shrinking was possible through attrition as highly transient patients, such as migrant workers and the homeless, ...
So far, only very few studies have looked at social learning in migrants after dispersal. Here we examine how migrant male ... So far, only very few studies have looked at social learning in migrants after dispersal. Here we examine how migrant male ... One of the obstacles that migrants face is learning how to cope with an unfamiliar, new habitat, which may involve learning ... One of the obstacles that migrants face is learning how to cope with an unfamiliar, new habitat, which may involve learning ...
Statistics show that there are more than 2 million transient workers in medium and larger cities in Hubei, including about ... Central Chinas Hubei Province set up its first legal aid center for migrant workers Monday in the provincial capital of Wuhan. ... The center would offer legal training and consulting services for migrant workers, help them get unpaid salaries from employers ... Hubei is a major source of migrant workers, with more than 4 million people working outside the province. ...
Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the ... Forced migrants differ from other types of migrants in that they are survivors of persecution, violence, and war - factors that ... Hence, it remains unclear if the selection described in the healthy migrant effect that postulates migrants health advantage ... Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the ...
Pregnant women, because of their transient physiological state, and those with mental disorders judged likely to impair survey ... Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed according to migrant status (migrants vs non-migrants), age at first migration, ... The migrant group was subsequently divided to explore whether the pattern of cardiovascular risk factors in the migrant ... Objectives To assess differences in cardiovascular risk profiles among rural-to-urban migrants and non-migrant groups. ...
  • The center would offer legal training and consulting services for migrant workers, help them get unpaid salaries from employers and hear complaints about right infringements, said Yang Benlong, deputy director of the center. (china.org.cn)
  • As a result of such collisions, the complex nexus between financial power, industrial manufacturing, and unparalleled construction growth has also served to widen the gulf between Singapore's rich and poor, Chinese, Malays, and Tamils, permanent and transient populations. (e-flux.com)
  • The pandemic is reinforcing the arrival of transient migrants who can work from home, and this has been paralleled by a growth of mid-term rental platforms for these populations. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • For example, working with transient populations such as migrants, displaced peoples, and those with housing insecurity, can be challenging. (who.int)
  • The service could give MVNOs - whose customers often include transient and migrant worker populations - the opportunity to offer customers options for keeping in touch with friends and relatives in their own countries. (computerweekly.com)
  • The rhetoric around settling people in regional areas tends to neglect the untapped potential of migrant populations that already live there. (edu.au)
  • This presents a serious problem because poor education, language barriers, and the transient nature of the work make migrant and seasonal farm workers different from other agricultural worker populations. (cdc.gov)
  • The provision of effective health care to linguistically and culturally diverse migrant populations has been identified as a crucial public health issue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Migrants show significant differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk factors compared with native populations and this can impact access to health systems and participation in prevention programmes. (who.int)
  • This can include people and communities with intersecting vulnerabilities or exposure - such as legal and economic barriers (sex workers, informal sector workers, the homeless, those in extreme poverty, refugees and migrants), specific cultural or religious marginalisation (LGBTQIA+ people) or individuals and groups that live in systems often not "accepted" by mainstream society (transient and nomadic populations). (preventionweb.net)
  • The COVID-19 health crisis added to the multidimensional crises in the Arab region and their manifestation in conflicts, wars, economic and social inequalities, and the increasing number of refugees and migrants. (socialwatch.org)
  • What are the roles of intercultural mediators in health care and what is the evidence on their contributions and effectiveness in improving accessibility and quality of care for refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region? (bvsalud.org)
  • What strategies to address communication barriers for refugees and migrants in health care settings have been implemented and evaluated across the WHO European Region? (bvsalud.org)
  • This scoping review examines strategies that have been implemented and evaluated to address communication barriers experienced by refugees and migrants. (bvsalud.org)
  • A large proportion of the respondents agreed that migrants should receive emergency or full health care provi- sion, that there is no need to limit their health rights and that they do not feel that their own rights are compromised by the rights of migrants. (who.int)
  • With blinders firmly secured, Biden conveniently skirted places like El Paso's Segundo Barrio, where hundreds of migrants sleep on sidewalks outside Sacred Heart Church, which border transients fill to overflowing nightly. (fairus.org)
  • Hurtado Medina's classroom is next to the Embajadores de Jesús shelter that is home to hundreds of migrants. (wypr.org)
  • Although the body of evidence in terms of morbidity and mortality of migrants in host countries is growing, research on forced migrants throughout their often long journeys continues to be scarce [ 4 ], and has largely been limited to cross-sectional designs [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Her dissertation, ' We are all migrants:' Citizenship in Transit and the Perils and Promises of Crossing Mexico , examines how everyday encounters of citizens and transient migrants undertaking perilous journeys on their way to the United States are transforming contemporary understandings of large-scale political phenomena like state sovereignty, citizenship and democracy. (umass.edu)
  • Migrants may encounter several barriers to health care because of their legal status and due to economic and social marginalization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indian migrant workers playing cricket in front of their dormitory, with a view of Puteri harbor, Malaysia, 2019. (e-flux.com)
  • Due to their in-dormitory living conditions which do not allow much room for proper isolation, dormitory-dwelling migrant workers would be more susceptible to infectious diseases," Michael Cheah, Executive Director of HealthServe, a non-profit group that provides medical care to workers, told Al Jazeera. (aljazeera.com)
  • Long before the first coronavirus cluster emerged in a dormitory, migrant rights groups in Singapore like Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2) and the Humanitarian Organisation for Migration Economics (HOME) were already highlighting issues with overcrowded, unsanitary, and otherwise substandard living conditions. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • In their press statement migrant worker NGO Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2) stated that "there is a gap between what is offered on paper as due process and what actually happens. (asiasentinel.com)
  • Impact of rural-urban migration on migrant fertility in Senegal / Barbara J. McKinney. (who.int)
  • It comprised 4,000 to 8,000 migrants only a few months earlier, but steadily shrunk in size as Somali immigrants effected a secondary migration to other countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed according to migrant status (migrants vs non-migrants), age at first migration, length of residency in an urban area and lifetime exposure to an urban area. (bmj.com)
  • Because migration is often driven by economic and other factors that are likely to be related to health, migrants are often not representative of the rural area they come from, making valid comparisons between migrants and non-migrants difficult. (bmj.com)
  • Worldwide, more than 214 million people have left their tions and mental and social problems, account for a sig- country of origin ( 1 ), and international migration from nificant morbidity burden in newly arrived migrants and the Middle East to all of Europe is increasing (2,3). (who.int)
  • While affluent city dwellers continue to visit air conditioned spaces around Singapore, the inequity apparent in the design of worker dormitories continues to feed the growing gap in environmental discomfort between migrants and citizens. (e-flux.com)
  • Hence, it remains unclear if the selection described in the 'healthy migrant effect' that postulates migrants' health advantage compared to both citizens in the home country and in the host country holds true for refugees and other forced migrants [ 4 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • North Carolina becomes the last state to eliminate the rule that citizens must own property to vote, effectively extending the right to vote to all white men, including migrants and transients, within the United States. (annenbergclassroom.org)
  • Our aim was to measure the attitude of survey participants to migrants and to define up to what level migrants are entitled to health care from the viewpoint of Slovenian citizens. (who.int)
  • In this webinar, Mari Paz Balibrea (Birkbeck) and Agustín Cocola-Gant (University of Lisbon) will be discussing recent trends in Barcelona, a city transformed by a transient population attracted to its culturally reproduced global image. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • Climate change intersects with the forced displacement of migrants to reinforce existing inequalities of ethnicity, class, and citizenship. (e-flux.com)
  • Possible health risks and potential protective factors influence the health outcomes of the migrant, and there is an ongoing attempt to identify the relevance of each of these factors [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Forced migrants differ from other types of migrants in that they are survivors of persecution, violence, and war - factors that might add to their health vulnerability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results For most risk factors, the migrant group had intermediate levels of risk between those observed for the rural and urban groups. (bmj.com)
  • O n July 4, Chile awarded its prestigious 2022 National Prize in Human Rights to Elizabeth Andrade Huaringa, a Peruvian Afrodescendant mestiza migrant woman and grassroots community leader. (nacla.org)
  • These efforts are replicated across the border city as volunteers and grassroots organizations grapple with a transient population of migrant students and try their best to educate those who find themselves living in shelters while awaiting a better life beyond. (wypr.org)
  • Consequently, both adverse conditions rendering forced migrants susceptible for health disparities and the sources of resilience and growth must be considered in attempting to understand migrant health [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The International Labour Organization estimated in 2019 that there were 169 million international migrants worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is this experience that keeps coming to mind these days, as Singapore grapples with the fact that Covid-19 clusters have developed in large migrant worker dormitories. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • Andrade lives in one of 60 precarious, self-built migrant settlements, or campamentos , on the arid hillsides surrounding the northern border city of Antofagasta. (nacla.org)
  • Their calls for urbanization directly counter longstanding state plans to "eradicate" all of Antofagasta's migrant settlements. (nacla.org)
  • Although migrants have the right to health care have a significant impact on migrants' access to health under legal settlements issued by the European Union systems and participation in prevention programmes ( 7 ). (who.int)
  • they exclude institutional, boat and transient population, i.e. 2.36% of the total population is missing in addition. (citypopulation.de)
  • The community is largely agricultural, with a highly transient population of migrants who come to work during harvest season. (saferoutespartnership.org)
  • First, I will discuss the concept of tourism mobilities, and using demographic data from 1998 to 2017, I will show how tourist neighbourhoods are attractive for flows of young transnational people who settle for a short period of time and thus form a transient population. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • Gentrifiers are privileged migrants attracted by leisure opportunities and who consume urban experiences that collide with the daily needs of a more permanent and local population, which ends up being displaced. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • Mismanagement could exacerbate the already tense socio-economic which particularly affect the vulnerable population (such as migrants, informal workers and uninsured) who do not have the capacity and financial resources to seek medical help or unemployment benefits. (socialwatch.org)
  • Seen as "transient workers" with no right to permanent residency no matter how long they live and work in this country, they are segregated from the rest of Singapore's resident population: housed separately, paid less, and policed as potential threats to public order. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • The undocumented nature of many migrant workers in the United States leads to the exploitation of the population as a whole. (wikipedia.org)
  • A species' status as a transient is not indicated for summer, winter, or permanent residents unless it is different from the status as a resident. (mobirds.org)
  • Second, the state is located in an important migratory flyway through the center of Mexico and each winter many migrant and transient species visit the region. (fatbirder.com)
  • Additionally migrant workers are one of the most vulnerable groups in regards to the impending climate crisis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rather than relying only on bringing in new waves of skilled migrants, most of whom stay for the required period then move to the cities , why not focus on resolving structural problems and increasing the skills of those who already live there? (edu.au)
  • Among unskilled workers, waves of migrant workers and refugees (many desperate) have saturated the market - one hardly bound by any minimum-wage constraints - triggering a race to the bottom. (socialwatch.org)
  • Many began to see their ability to afford basic commodities threatened - a predicament termed 'transient poverty. (socialwatch.org)
  • This leads to employers exploiting migrant workers by subjecting them to unhealthy working conditions for poverty wages. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the pandemic hit in the first year, migrant workers had accounted for almost 90 percent of the confirmed cases in Singapore. (aljazeera.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Transients and migrants. (who.int)
  • The nature of agricultural work, industrial, and construction work puts these migrant workers at higher rates of heat stroke, sun exposure, and injuries caused by storm conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Poorly planned and provisional housing for transient workers is erected in a way that prioritizes state and economic efficiency over the living conditions of its inhabitants. (e-flux.com)
  • She was a founding member of the Red Nacional de Organizaciones Migrantes y Promigrantes de Chile, one of two major nationwide migrant rights organizations in the country today. (nacla.org)
  • While most of the city-state's residents are able to live their lives much as before, migrant workers still find their freedoms restricted. (aljazeera.com)
  • The compound is home to some of the more than 300,000 migrant workers who live and work in Singapore, but even as the island eases some coronavirus restrictions to allow the fully vaccinated to travel again, the people here and in the city-state's many other worker dormitories have no such freedoms. (aljazeera.com)
  • Ruth's show is part of a year of considering migrations and movements and humans, humanity on the move, the way that all of us live in a much more transient society, so it's not just one group of people," Krugliak said. (michigandaily.com)
  • Like many other migrant women in Antofagasta, Andrade and her then-teenage daughter settled in the campamento where they currently live after suffering domestic violence in their rental home. (nacla.org)
  • That call has grown louder as the valley where the migrants live has become more and more developed, and the fields where they once worked have disappeared under housing. (voiceofsandiego.org)
  • Migrants by necessity : a report on the living conditions of forestry workers in the SIDA supported Bai Bang Programme / by Rita Liljeström, Adam Fforde and Bo Ohlsson. (who.int)
  • This is a dreadful situation that should prompt Singapore to rethink its attitude towards and treatment of migrant workers. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • This book should be mandatory reading for Japanese policy-makers and employers because it makes a strong case for doing more to lessen the challenges facing these migrants and to compete with other nations that offer more appealing conditions. (routledge.com)
  • Overseen by the Singaporean government, these sites undergo frequent legislative changes in response to the evolving needs of employers and migrant workers. (e-flux.com)
  • The lack of government regulation of employers that hire migrant workers means that the workers work long hours in adverse conditions for little pay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, they are at constant risk of sudden deportation, which leads to migrant workers accepting poor working conditions and unlivable wages from their employers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objectives To assess differences in cardiovascular risk profiles among rural-to-urban migrants and non-migrant groups. (bmj.com)
  • Migrants show health inequalities and this might challenge health care substantial differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk systems if not addressed ( 11 ). (who.int)
  • Migrants' peering rates were highest shortly after their arrival, and significantly decreased with increasing time spent in the area. (frontiersin.org)
  • Migrants in both sites peered significantly more at peering targets' feeding on food items that are rarely eaten within the locals' diet, than at commonly eaten ones and peered significantly more at skill-intense food items than easy-to-process ones. (frontiersin.org)
  • Further, migrants interacted significantly more with the peered-at food item after the peering event, than before, suggesting that they practice the observed behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • How does an extended stay in Japan influence Indian migrants' sense of their identity as they adapt to a country very different from their own? (routledge.com)
  • Occupational health status of migrant and seasonal farmworkers. (cdc.gov)
  • Dans ce contexte, le Programme santé migrants (PSM), consultation de référence pour les réfugiés, réalise qu'il ne pourra pas faire face au nombre de ceux venant d'Ukraine en plus des autres et créé une structure parallèle : le PSM bis. (nih.gov)
  • One of the obstacles that migrants face is learning how to cope with an unfamiliar, new habitat, which may involve learning from resident individuals. (frontiersin.org)
  • So far, only very few studies have looked at social learning in migrants after dispersal. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we examine how migrant male orangutans use a behavior called "peering" (an indicator of observational social learning), to learn from local individuals. (frontiersin.org)
  • The climate crisis will disproportionately affect migrant workers because of the intensive outdoor nature of their work and the lack of access they have to social resources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis using generalized linear mixed models supported our prediction that migrant males in Suaq preferentially peered at the local adult females. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, in Tuanan, migrants peered mostly at other adult males and local immatures. (frontiersin.org)
  • For HbA 1c , although the urban group had higher levels, the migrant and rural groups were similar to each other. (bmj.com)
  • 6 At the same time, these migrants are rendered powerless within planning systems that assign reduced living standards to foreign workers. (e-flux.com)
  • The accumulation of stressors leading to deterioration in migrants' health over time have been explained by the 'exhausted migrant theory' [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Not just relevant for those scholars interested in Japan as an emerging immigrant nation but also in a comparative perspective examining how other countries in Asia are dealing with shifting attitudes toward sending and receiving migrants. (routledge.com)
  • The expiration of the POR Cards in December 2012 saw a more expedited movement of the transient migrants from Pakistan to other countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the perspectives of the Exodus was YHWH's free Power System Grounding and Transients: An Introduction over the design countries of Egypt, Genesis 1,2 may provide YHWH's security over the few years of Mesopotamia. (nationalsportsclinics.com)
  • [2] Some countries have millions of migrant workers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today it is estimated that there are about 10.7 million undocumented migrant workers in the United States, many of which come from Mexico and other countries in Central America. (wikipedia.org)
  • The findings offer a basis for supplementing the existing, or designing a new, model of health care provision for migrants in Slovenia, focusing on the provision of health protection and care as a fundamental human right. (who.int)
  • Gabrovec B. Public opinion on the eligibility of health care for migrants and refugees in Slovenia. (who.int)
  • Our results therefore suggest that migrant males use peering to learn new ecological knowledge after dispersal (e.g., where and what to feed on), and continue to learn complex skills even within adulthood , (e.g., how to feed on skill-intense food items). (frontiersin.org)
  • Opponents of the migrants have added their voices to the call from migrant advocates for permanent housing to be built for the men. (voiceofsandiego.org)
  • Singapore - Nestled between towering rows of public housing blocks and a busy road surrounded by trees, the Choa Chu Kang migrant worker compound is almost hidden in plain sight. (aljazeera.com)
  • Many other migrant workers in Singapore, they reminded me, were not as lucky as them. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong, who co-chairs the task force dealing with the virus outbreak, has also said that all migrant workers will have to remain within their dormitories as Singapore begins its "circuit breaker" measures - a semi-lockdown period during which all schools and non-essential workplaces will be closed until early May. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • This turn of events has directed the public's attention to the state of migrant worker accommodation in Singapore. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • Since then, the campamento has gained citywide, national, and international renown for its defense of migrant rights. (nacla.org)
  • Similar legal centers would be established in other cities in Hubei, building a provincial web of legal aid services for migrant workers, said Yang. (china.org.cn)
  • Asked to explain the thinking behind a visit to an oddly empty migrant services center, a senior administration official shrugged: "There just weren't any [migrants] there when he arrived. (fairus.org)
  • Nationwide, immigration concerns focus on the strain the migrants place on local services such as hospitals and schools. (voiceofsandiego.org)
  • Migrant workers are almost entirely cut off from the general public. (aljazeera.com)
  • Previous strikes undertaken by migrant workers in the construction sector have passed relatively unnoticed, but this one involved a public transport company. (asiasentinel.com)
  • Materials for HIV/AIDS education aimed at travellers, ethnic minorities, and migrant communities / editors, Mary Hommes and Hans van der Vleugel. (who.int)
  • The opportunities in the United States, even as an undocumented migrant, far outweigh the stagnation of their home communities, where the little work there is pays pitifully. (voiceofsandiego.org)
  • A global demand of transient people and platforms rental markets mean that property owners do not need tenants to obtain revenue from rental income, giving way to a neoliberal utopia that reinforce the asymmetries of power between owner and occupier. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • Hubei is a major source of migrant workers, with more than 4 million people working outside the province. (china.org.cn)
  • Within migrants, those who migrated when aged older than 12 years had higher odds of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome compared to people who migrated at younger ages. (bmj.com)
  • The first migrant in history to receive the prize, Andrade will get a life-long pension as well as a lump sum payment for a community-based project. (nacla.org)
  • And yet Andrade found an emerging citywide network of over 1,000 predominantly migrant community leaders, almost all of them women, who were mutually supporting each other to overcome shared conditions of vulnerability. (nacla.org)
  • In fact, she told me that she initially became a community leader precisely because she thought that "if I begin leading this campamento, they [other, specifically Black migrants] will not attack me, will not rob me, won't do anything to me. (nacla.org)
  • It excludes about 1.235 million migrants working abroad. (citypopulation.de)
  • Statistics show that there are more than 2 million transient workers in medium and larger cities in Hubei, including about 500,000 in Wuhan. (china.org.cn)
  • They typically return to Somalia after having completed their studies due to a lack of employment opportunities for migrants in Pakistan, as well as a desire to contribute to the post-conflict reconstruction process in their home country. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drawing on years of fieldwork primarily in Tokyo, "Indian Migrants in Tokyo" manages to affectionately convey a great deal of useful information in just under 200 pages. (routledge.com)
  • Yes We Can Executive Director Estefania Rebellon is the founder and driving force behind this landmark program that has grown exponentially over the last few years and has professionalized education for migrant children in a way not seen before in Tijuana. (wypr.org)
  • Vaccine-preventable diseases are also of the ut- the last 3 years, an unprecedented flow of migrants most importance ( 5 ). (who.int)
  • The number of migrants and ventable diseases have caused outbreaks in migrant refugees in Europe in the past few years has increased holding centres. (who.int)
  • Mayorkas touted a phone app, CBP One , which, he said, will enable migrants to make an appointment to enter the U.S. at ports of entry like El Paso and move into the country. (fairus.org)
  • What would be even more efficient would be to require prospective migrants to make an appointment at their nearest U.S. embassy or consulate and avoid a needless trek to a border crossing if they don't qualify for entry. (fairus.org)
  • In 2015, a small group of migrant workers gave me a tour of their home, a former factory building that had been retrofitted to house construction workers from Bangladesh. (lowyinstitute.org)
  • Central China's Hubei Province set up its first legal aid center for migrant workers Monday in the provincial capital of Wuhan. (china.org.cn)