Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.
Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments in TEETH and thus effect whitening.
A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.
Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and flavoring agent and may exist in the form of liquid, paste or powder; may also contain medicaments and caries preventives.
Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries.
Solutions for rinsing the mouth, possessing cleansing, germicidal, or palliative properties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.
Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES.
A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or solutions.
The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from TOOTH ATTRITION in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from TOOTH EROSION, the progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes not involving bacterial action. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p2)
Dentin sensitivity is a short, sharp pain originating from exposed dentin in response to stimuli, typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, or chemical changes in the oral environment.
A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
Substances which reduce or eliminate dentinal sensitivity or the pain associated with a source of stimulus (such as touch, heat, or cold) at the orifice of exposed dentinal tubules causing the movement of tubular fluid that in turn stimulates tooth nerve receptors.
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.
Practice of adding fluoride to water for the purpose of preventing tooth decay and cavities.
A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain TRITERPENES.
A thin protein film on the surface of DENTAL ENAMEL. It is widely believed to result from the selective adsorption of precursor proteins present in SALIVA onto tooth surfaces, and to reduce microbial adherence to the TEETH.
The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health.
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain stevioside and other sweet diterpene glycosides. The leaf is used for sweetening (SWEETENING AGENTS).
The use of a chemical oxidizing agent to whiten TEETH. In some procedures the oxidation process is activated by the use of heat or light.
Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)
An index which scores the degree of dental plaque accumulation.
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.
A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.
An approach or process of practicing oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinical relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient's oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences. (from J Am Dent Assoc 134: 689, 2003)
Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)
Creation of a smooth and glossy surface finish on a denture or amalgam.
Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.
Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.
A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.
A test to determine the relative hardness of a metal, mineral, or other material according to one of several scales, such as Brinell, Mohs, Rockwell, Vickers, or Shore. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to dental or oral health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
Diamond. A crystalline form of carbon that occurs as hard, colorless or tinted isomeric crystals. It is used as a precious stone, for cutting glass, and as bearings for delicate mechanisms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A plant species of the Salvia genus known as a spice and medicinal plant.
Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.
Water that is intended to be ingested.
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of beta-D-glucose and oxygen to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and peroxide. It is a flavoprotein, highly specific for beta-D-glucose. The enzyme is produced by Penicillium notatum and other fungi and has antibacterial activity in the presence of glucose and oxygen. It is used to estimate glucose concentration in blood or urine samples through the formation of colored dyes by the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.3.4.
A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.
Inorganic compounds that contain carbon as an integral part of the molecule but are not derived from hydrocarbons.
An enzyme derived from cow's milk. It catalyzes the radioiodination of tyrosine and its derivatives and of peptides containing tyrosine.

The effect of triclosan toothpaste on enamel demineralization in a bacterial demineralization model. (1/117)

Triclosan has been incorporated into toothpaste to enhance inhibitory effects on bacterial metabolism in dental plaque. Many studies have confirmed these effects by showing a reduction of accumulation of dental plaque, gingivitis and calculus. However, there is no evidence for triclosan having an inhibitory effect on the dental plaque-induced demineralization of the dental hard tissues. Therefore, the effect of 0.3% triclosan added to non-fluoride and fluoride toothpaste was tested in an in vitro model, in which bovine enamel specimens were to be demineralized by acids produced in overlaying Streptococcus mutans suspensions. In a first set of experiments the toothpastes were added to the S. mutans suspensions at 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10,000 (w/v) dilutions. After 22 h incubation at 37 degrees C the suspensions were removed and assessed for calcium and lactate content, and pH. In this set of experiments, triclosan had no additive protective effect to the non-fluoride or fluoride toothpaste. In a second set of experiments, the enamel specimens were immersed daily for 3 min in 30% (w/v) slurries of the toothpastes before the 22 h incubation with the S. mutans suspensions. Under these conditions, triclosan showed an additional protective effect compared with non-fluoride toothpaste at a low concentration of S. mutans cells (0.07 mg cells dry weight per 600 microL suspension). It is concluded that the enamel surface may act as a reservoir for triclosan, which may protect the enamel surface against a mild acid attack. In combination with fluoride, however, as in toothpaste, triclosan has no additional protective effect against demineralization.  (+info)

The pH of tooth-whitening products. (2/117)

Tooth whitening products may be in contact with intraoral structures for several hours or they may be used daily to whiten the teeth. Consequently, these products should have a relatively neutral pH to minimize potential damage. This study measured the pH of 26 commercially available tooth-whitening products. The pH of the different whitening products ranged from 3.67 (highly acidic) to 11.13 (highly basic). The dentist-supervised home-bleaching products had a mean pH of 6.48 (range 5.66 to 7.35). The over-the-counter whitening products had a mean pH of 8.22 (range 5.09 to 11.13), and the whitening toothpastes had a mean pH of 6.83 (range 4.22 to 8.35). The 3 in-office bleaching products had a pH between 3.67 and 6.53. One-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the 4 product categories. The most basic pH of all the products tested was 11.13 for the whitening gel of Natural White-Rapid White. The most acidic pH of all products tested was 3.67 for Opalescence Xtra 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleach. The Least-Squares-Means test showed that the over-the-counter category had a pH significantly different from the other categories (p < 0.05).  (+info)

Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (3/117)

Widespread use of fluoride has been a major factor in the decline in the prevalence and severity of dental caries (i.e., tooth decay) in the United States and other economically developed countries. When used appropriately, fluoride is both safe and effective in preventing and controlling dental caries. All U.S. residents are likely exposed to some degree to fluoride, which is available from multiple sources. Both health-care professionals and the public have sought guidance on selecting the best way to provide and receive fluoride. During the late 1990s, CDC convened a work group to develop recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. This report includes these recommendations, as well as a) critical analysis of the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of fluoride modalities in preventing and controlling dental caries, b) ordinal grading of the quality of the evidence, and c) assessment of the strength of each recommendation. Because frequent exposure to small amounts of fluoride each day will best reduce the risk for dental caries in all age groups, the work group recommends that all persons drink water with an optimal fluoride concentration and brush their teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste. For persons at high risk for dental caries, additional fluoride measures might be needed. Measured use of fluoride modalities is particularly appropriate during the time of anterior tooth enamel development (i.e., age <6 years). The recommendations in this report guide dental and other health-care providers, public health officials, policy makers, and the public in the use of fluoride to achieve maximum protection against dental caries while using resources efficiently and reducing the likelihood of enamel fluorosis. The recommendations address public health and professional practice, self-care, consumer product industries and health agencies, and further research. Adoption of these recommendations could further reduce dental caries in the United States and save public and private resources.  (+info)

Clinical evaluation of an electron-ionizing toothbrush with a tooth paste containing stannous fluoride in treatment of dentine hypersensitivity following periodontal surgery. (4/117)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an electro-ionizing toothbrush with stannous fluoride in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal surgery. Thirty-two volunteers with dentin hypersensitivity were divided in two equal groups each using different methods: (Group I) stannous fluoride dentifrice and hyG Brnde ionizing brush without a battery and (Group II) stannous fluoride dentifrice and hyG Brnde ionizing brush with a battery. The volunteers brushed their teeth for 3 minutes twice a day for 12 weeks following one either of the test protocols. Mechanical (No 23 dental explorer), chemical (lemon juice) and thermal (dental air-water syringe) tests were used for the evaluation of the degree of dentin hypersensitivity. A subjective assessment of the degree of hypersensitivity for each stimulus was recorded. The evaluations were repeated at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgical treatment. The second group showed significantly less sensitivity than the first group. The findings appear to suggest that the ionizing brush may be an effective adjunct for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity in post-periodontal surgery.  (+info)

The use of QLF to quantify in vitro whitening in a product testing model. (5/117)

BACKGROUND: Professional and consumer interest in whitening products continues to increase against a background of both increased oral health awareness and demand for cosmetic procedures. In the current legal climate, few dentists are providing 'in-office' whitening treatments, and thus many patients turn to home-use products. The most common of these are the whitening toothpastes. Researchers are keen to quantify the effectiveness of such products through clinically relevant trials. AIM: Previous studies examining whitening products have employed a variety of stained substrates to monitor stain removal. This study aimed to quantify the removal of stain from human enamel using a new device, quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). The experimental design follows that of a product-testing model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11 previously extracted molar teeth were coated with transparent nail varnish leaving an exposed window of enamel. The sound, exposed enamel was subject to a staining regime of human saliva, chlorhexidine and tea. Each of the eleven teeth was subjected to serial exposures of a positive control (Bocasan), a negative control (water) and a test product (Yotuel toothpaste). Following each two-minute exposure QLF images of the teeth were taken (a total of 5 applications). Following completion of one test solution, the teeth were cleaned, re-stained and the procedure repeated with the next solution. QLF images were stored on a PC and analysed by a blinded single examiner. The deltaQ value at 5% threshold was reported. ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The study confirmed the ability of QLF to longitudinally quantify stain reduction from human enamel. The reliability of the technique in relation to positive and negative test controls was proven. The positive control had a significantly (alpha = 0.05) higher stain removal efficacy than water (p = 0.023) and Yotuel (p = 0.046). Yotuel was more effective than water (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: The research community, the practicing clinician and the consumer all require sound product evaluation data. The use of human enamel specimens may offer more relevant clinical data. QLF has been designed as an in vivo device. Further development of the technique should permit in vivo clinical whitening trials.  (+info)

Intentional use of the Hawthorne effect to improve oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients. (6/117)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the home care of noncompliant adolescent orthodontic patients with "poor" oral hygiene could be improved through the use of a deception strategy designed to intentionally induce the Hawthorne effect. This effect is often cited as being responsible for oral health improvements of control groups that receive placebo treatments. It is thought that participating in and fulfilling the requirements of a study alters subjects' behavior, thereby contributing to the improvement. Forty patients with histories of poor oral hygiene were assigned, in a quasi-random fashion, to two groups. Experimental subjects (n = 20) were presented with a situation that simulated participation in an experiment. These included the use of a consent form; distribution of tubes of toothpaste labeled "experimental"; instructions to brush twice a day for two minutes using a timer; and a request to return unused toothpaste. Control subjects (n = 20) had no knowledge of study participation. Tooth surface area covered with plaque was used as a proxy measure of home care behavior. It was measured at baseline, three months, and six months. Mean percentages of tooth surface covered with plaque for the experimental and control groups were 71 (+/- 11.52) and 74 (+/- 11.46) at baseline; 54 (+/- 13.79) and 78 (+/- 12.18) at three months; and 52 (+/- 13.04) and 79 (+/- 10.76) at six months. No statistically significant difference (p > .05) was obtained between groups at baseline. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) were found between groups at three and six months. Significant differences (p < .05) were also found only for the experimental subjects between baseline and each of the two subsequent observation periods. The efficiency and potential effectiveness of this strategy suggest that additional research be conducted to assess oral health improvements and possible applications to the private practice setting.  (+info)

Unconventional dentistry: Part IV. Unconventional dental practices and products. (7/117)

This is the fourth in a series of 5 articles providing a contemporary overview and introduction to unconventional dentistry (UD) and its correlation to unconventional medicine (UM). Several common UD and UM practices are described to familiarize practitioners with a variety of theories, practices, products and treatments that specifically apply to dentistry. This brief review is not intended as an in-depth resource.  (+info)

Consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity. (8/117)

These consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity were developed by a broadly constituted board of dentists and dental hygienists drawn from general dental practice, specialist practice, academia and research from across Canada, joined by 2 international dentists with subject matter expertise. The need for consensus recommendations was made evident by the lack of clear and robust evidence in the dental literature, as well as confusion about diagnosis and management demonstrated by an educational needs assessment survey. High prevalence of the condition, underdiagnosis and widespread availability of noninvasive, efficacious and inexpensive preventive treatment further underscored the need for direction. This paper outlines the key elements of the scientific basis for the causes, diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity; where such evidence is deficient, the document relies on the compound experience of the board. A simple algorithm was developed to guide clinicians through the diagnostic process and assist them in determining appropriate case management. Finally, the board makes a series of recommendations to raise awareness, to improve dental education, to develop symbols for charting, to develop an index for case assessment and for further research.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "toothpastes" is the plural form of "toothpaste," which is not a medical condition or procedure that requires a definition. However, I can provide you with some information about toothpaste.

Toothpaste is a dental hygiene product used to clean and maintain the health of teeth and gums. It generally contains mild abrasives, flavoring, and fluoride to help remove plaque, prevent tooth decay, and freshen breath. There are various types of toothpastes available on the market, including those formulated for sensitive teeth, whitening, gum health, and tartar control. It is essential to choose a toothpaste that meets your specific dental needs and has the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance, ensuring its safety and effectiveness.

Cariostatic agents are substances or medications that are used to prevent or inhibit the development and progression of dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities. These agents work by reducing the ability of bacteria in the mouth to produce acid, which can erode the enamel and dentin of the teeth and lead to cavities.

There are several types of cariostatic agents that are commonly used in dental care, including:

1. Fluorides: These are the most widely used and well-studied cariostatic agents. They work by promoting the remineralization of tooth enamel and making it more resistant to acid attacks. Fluoride can be found in toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, and fluoridated water supplies.
2. Antimicrobial agents: These substances work by reducing the population of bacteria in the mouth that contribute to tooth decay. Examples include chlorhexidine, triclosan, and xylitol.
3. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): This is a complex protein that has been shown to help remineralize tooth enamel and reduce the risk of dental caries. It can be found in some toothpastes and mouthwashes.
4. Silver diamine fluoride: This is a topical fluoride compound that contains silver ions, which have antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting dental caries, particularly in high-risk populations such as young children and older adults with dry mouth.

It's important to note that while cariostatic agents can help reduce the risk of tooth decay, they are not a substitute for good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly.

Toothbrushing is the act of cleaning teeth and gums using a toothbrush to remove plaque, food debris, and dental calculus (tartar) from the surfaces of the teeth and gums. It is typically performed using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, with gentle circular or back-and-forth motions along the gumline and on all surfaces of the teeth. Toothbrushing should be done at least twice a day, preferably after every meal and before bedtime, for two minutes each time, to maintain good oral hygiene and prevent dental diseases such as tooth decay and gum disease. It is also recommended to brush the tongue to remove bacteria and freshen breath.

Fluorides are ionic compounds that contain the fluoride anion (F-). In the context of dental and public health, fluorides are commonly used in preventive measures to help reduce tooth decay. They can be found in various forms such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and calcium fluoride. When these compounds come into contact with saliva, they release fluoride ions that can be absorbed by tooth enamel. This process helps to strengthen the enamel and make it more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth, which can lead to dental caries or cavities. Fluorides can be topically applied through products like toothpaste, mouth rinses, and fluoride varnishes, or systemically ingested through fluoridated water, salt, or supplements.

Tooth bleaching agents are substances used to whiten and remove stains from teeth through a chemical process. They typically contain either hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, which break down into oxygen ions that penetrate the tooth enamel and dentin, oxidizing and breaking up stain molecules. Commonly used tooth bleaching agents include in-office professional treatments, at-home whitening kits, and over-the-counter products like whitening strips and toothpastes. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions or consult with a dental professional to ensure safe and effective use of these products.

Tooth demineralization is a process that involves the loss of minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, from the hard tissues of the teeth. This process can lead to the development of dental caries or tooth decay. Demineralization occurs when acids produced by bacteria in the mouth attack the enamel of the tooth, dissolving its mineral content. Over time, these attacks can create holes or cavities in the teeth. Fluoride, found in many toothpastes and public water supplies, can help to remineralize teeth and prevent decay. Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing regularly, can also help to prevent demineralization by removing plaque and bacteria from the mouth.

Dentifrices are substances used in dental care for cleaning and polishing the teeth, and often include toothpastes, tooth powders, and gels. They typically contain a variety of ingredients such as abrasives, fluorides, humectants, detergents, flavorings, and sometimes medicaments like antimicrobial agents or desensitizing compounds. The primary purpose of dentifrices is to help remove dental plaque, food debris, and stains from the teeth, promoting oral hygiene and preventing dental diseases such as caries (cavities) and periodontal disease.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tin Fluorides" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept. Tin (Sn) and Fluoride (F-) are both chemical elements that can form various compounds together, such as tin(II) fluoride (SnF2) and tin(IV) fluoride (SnF4). These compounds have uses in industrial applications, but they are not typically associated with medical definitions.

Tin(II) fluoride, for example, is used in some toothpastes and dental products as a fluoride source to help prevent tooth decay. However, it's important to note that the medical definition of a substance like this would be more focused on its clinical use or effect, rather than its chemical composition alone.

If you have any questions about specific tin-fluoride compounds and their potential uses or effects in a medical context, I would recommend consulting a healthcare professional or a reliable source of information on pharmaceuticals or medical treatments.

A mouthwash is an antiseptic or therapeutic solution that is held in the mouth and then spit out, rather than swallowed. It is used to improve oral hygiene, to freshen breath, and to help prevent dental cavities, gingivitis, and other periodontal diseases.

Mouthwashes can contain a variety of ingredients, including water, alcohol, fluoride, chlorhexidine, essential oils, and other antimicrobial agents. Some mouthwashes are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription. It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer or your dentist to ensure the safe and effective use of mouthwash.

Tooth remineralization is a natural process by which minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, are redeposited into the microscopic pores (hydroxyapatite crystals) in the enamel of a tooth. This process can help to repair early decay and strengthen the teeth. It occurs when the mouth's pH is neutral or slightly alkaline, which allows the minerals in our saliva, fluoride from toothpaste or other sources, and calcium and phosphate ions from foods to be absorbed into the enamel. Remineralization can be promoted through good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing with a fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and eating a balanced diet that includes foods rich in calcium and phosphate.

Topical fluorides are a form of fluoride that are applied directly to the teeth to prevent dental caries (cavities). They are available in various forms such as toothpastes, gels, foams, and varnishes. Topical fluorides work by strengthening the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth. They can also help to reverse early signs of decay. Regular use of topical fluorides, especially in children during the years of tooth development, can provide significant protection against dental caries.

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during tooth development. It is characterized by hypomineralization of the enamel, resulting in various appearances ranging from barely noticeable white spots to brown staining and pitting of the teeth. The severity depends on the amount, duration, and timing of fluoride intake, as well as individual susceptibility. Mild dental fluorosis is typically asymptomatic but can affect the appearance of teeth, while severe cases may cause tooth sensitivity and increased susceptibility to tooth decay.

Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs) are a type of chemical sensor that measure the activity of specific ions in a solution. They work by converting the chemical response into an electrical signal, which can then be measured and analyzed. The electrode is coated with a membrane that is selectively permeable to a particular ion, allowing for the detection and measurement of that specific ion in the presence of other ions.

ISEs are widely used in various fields such as clinical chemistry, biomedical research, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. In medical diagnostics, ISEs are commonly used to measure the levels of ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium in biological samples like blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.

The response of an ISE is based on Nernst's equation, which relates the electrical potential across the membrane to the activity of the ion being measured. The selectivity of the electrode for a particular ion is determined by the type of membrane used, and the choice of membrane depends on the application and the specific ions to be measured.

Overall, Ion-Selective Electrodes are important tools in medical diagnostics and research, providing accurate and reliable measurements of ion activity in biological systems.

Tooth abrasion is defined as the wearing away of tooth structure due to mechanical forces from activities such as tooth brushing, chewing, or habits like nail biting or pen chewing. It typically occurs at the gum line and can result in sensitive teeth, notches in the teeth near the gums, and even tooth loss if left untreated. The use of hard-bristled toothbrushes, excessive force while brushing, and abrasive toothpastes can all contribute to tooth abrasion.

Dentin sensitivity is a common dental condition characterized by the short, sharp pain or discomfort in response to external stimuli, such as cold air, hot or cold foods and drinks, sweet or sour substances, and physical touch. This pain is typically caused by the exposure of dentin, the hard tissue beneath the tooth's enamel, due to receding gums, tooth decay, or other factors that wear down or damage the protective enamel layer.

When the dentin is exposed, the microscopic tubules within it become sensitive to temperature and pressure changes, allowing external stimuli to reach the nerve endings inside the tooth. This results in the characteristic pain or discomfort associated with dentin sensitivity. Dentin sensitivity can be managed through various treatments, including desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride applications, and dental restorations, depending on the underlying cause of the condition.

Dental enamel is the hard, white, outermost layer of a tooth. It is a highly mineralized and avascular tissue, meaning it contains no living cells or blood vessels. Enamel is primarily composed of calcium and phosphate minerals and serves as the protective covering for the crown of a tooth, which is the portion visible above the gum line.

Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, and its primary function is to provide structural support and protection to the underlying dentin and pulp tissues of the tooth. It also plays a crucial role in chewing and biting by helping to distribute forces evenly across the tooth surface during these activities.

Despite its hardness, dental enamel can still be susceptible to damage from factors such as tooth decay, erosion, and abrasion. Once damaged or lost, enamel cannot regenerate or repair itself, making it essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices and seek regular dental checkups to prevent enamel damage and protect overall oral health.

Dentin desensitizing agents are chemical substances or materials applied to the teeth to reduce sensitivity in the dental tissues, specifically in the dentin. Dentin is a calcified tissue that lies beneath the tooth's enamel and cementum. It has numerous microscopic tubules that, when exposed due to various factors like gum recession, tooth wear, or dental procedures, can lead to hypersensitivity.

Dentin desensitizing agents work by occluding these dentinal tubules, thus preventing the stimuli (like cold, heat, or touch) from reaching the nerve endings inside the pulp chamber. These agents may contain various active ingredients like fluorides, strontium salts, calcium sodium phosphosilicate, potassium nitrate, arginine, and oxalates. They can be found in different forms, such as toothpaste, gels, varnishes, or bonding agents, and are often used in dental treatments and at-home oral care to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, refers to the damage or breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) due to the activity of acid-producing bacteria. These bacteria ferment sugars from food and drinks, producing acids that dissolve and weaken the tooth structure, leading to cavities.

The process of dental caries development involves several stages:

1. Demineralization: The acidic environment created by bacterial activity causes minerals (calcium and phosphate) to be lost from the tooth surface, making it weaker and more susceptible to decay.
2. Formation of a white spot lesion: As demineralization progresses, a chalky white area appears on the tooth surface, indicating early caries development.
3. Cavity formation: If left untreated, the demineralization process continues, leading to the breakdown and loss of tooth structure, resulting in a cavity or hole in the tooth.
4. Infection and pulp involvement: As the decay progresses deeper into the tooth, it can reach the dental pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels), causing infection, inflammation, and potentially leading to toothache, abscess, or even tooth loss.

Preventing dental caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, using fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, and having regular dental check-ups and cleanings. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can help prevent further progression and more severe complications.

Fluoridation is the process of adding fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. The level of fluoride that is typically added to the water is regulated and maintained at around 0.7-1.2 parts per million (ppm), which has been shown to be effective in reducing dental caries while minimizing the risk of fluorosis, a cosmetic condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development.

Fluoridation can also refer to the process of applying fluoride to the teeth through other means, such as topical fluoride applications in dental offices or the use of fluoride toothpaste. However, community water fluoridation is the most common and cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to a large population.

The practice of water fluoridation has been endorsed by numerous public health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the American Dental Association (ADA). Despite some controversy surrounding the practice, extensive research has consistently shown that community water fluoridation is a safe and effective way to prevent tooth decay and improve oral health.

Sodium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaF. Medically, it is commonly used as a dental treatment to prevent tooth decay, as it is absorbed into the structure of teeth and helps to harden the enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria. It can also reduce the ability of bacteria to produce acid. Sodium fluoride is often found in toothpastes, mouth rinses, and various dental treatments. However, excessive consumption can lead to dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis, which cause changes in bone structure and might negatively affect health.

"Pterocarpus" is not a medical term itself, but rather it's the name of a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. The trees and shrubs in this genus are native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and America. Some species of Pterocarpus are used in traditional medicine for various purposes.

For example, Pterocarpus santalinus, also known as red sanders or saunderswood, is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Its heartwood extract is also used as a natural dye in traditional medicine.

However, it's important to note that the use of Pterocarpus species in traditional medicine has not been extensively studied in clinical trials, so their safety and efficacy are not well-established. Therefore, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies or supplements made from these plants.

The dental pellicle is a thin, acid-resistant salivary film that naturally forms on the surface of teeth. It begins to form within minutes after cleaning and is fully formed in about 2 hours. The pellicle is composed mainly of glycoproteins and helps protect the tooth enamel by acting as a barrier against acids and enzymes found in saliva and food, reducing the risk of dental erosion and caries. It also serves as a conditioning film that facilitates bacterial adhesion, which can lead to plaque formation if not regularly removed through oral hygiene practices like brushing and flossing.

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, and other oral health problems. It involves regular brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash to remove plaque and food particles that can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are also an essential part of maintaining good oral hygiene. Poor oral hygiene can lead to a range of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections, so it is important to prioritize oral health as part of overall health and wellbeing.

Stevia is not a medical term, but a common name for a natural sweetener derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant. Here's a definition related to its use as a sweetener:

Stevia: A natural non-nutritive sweetener and sugar substitute derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant, which is native to South America. The sweetening compounds in stevia are called steviol glycosides, which have up to 350 times the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar) but contain minimal calories and do not raise blood sugar levels. Stevia extracts are often used as a sugar substitute in food and beverages, including drinks, desserts, and baked goods. It is also available in powdered or liquid forms for general use as a sweetener.

Tooth bleaching, also known as tooth whitening, is a cosmetic dental procedure that aims to lighten the color of natural teeth and remove stains or discoloration. It's important to note that this process doesn't involve physically removing the tooth structure but rather uses various agents containing bleaching chemicals like hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide to oxidize the stain molecules, breaking them down and making the teeth appear whiter and brighter.

The procedure can be performed in a dental office under professional supervision (in-office bleaching), at home using custom-made trays provided by a dentist (at-home or take-home bleaching), or through over-the-counter products such as whitening toothpaste, strips, and gels. However, it is always recommended to consult with a dental professional before starting any tooth bleaching treatment to ensure safety, effectiveness, and suitability for your specific oral health condition.

Tooth erosion is defined as the progressive, irreversible loss of dental hard tissue, primarily caused by chemical dissolution from acids, rather than mechanical forces such as abrasion or attrition. These acids can originate from extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages, or intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting. The erosion process leads to a reduction in tooth structure, altering the shape and function of teeth, and potentially causing sensitivity, pain, and aesthetical concerns. Early detection and management of tooth erosion are crucial to prevent further progression and preserve dental health.

The dental plaque index (DPI) is a clinical measurement used in dentistry to assess the amount of dental plaque accumulation on a person's teeth. It was first introduced by Silness and Löe in 1964 as a method to standardize the assessment of oral hygiene and the effectiveness of oral hygiene interventions.

The DPI is based on a visual examination of the amount of plaque present on four surfaces of the teeth, including the buccal (cheek-facing) and lingual (tongue-facing) surfaces of both upper and lower first molars and upper and lower incisors. The examiner assigns a score from 0 to 3 for each surface, with higher scores indicating greater plaque accumulation:

* Score 0: No plaque detected, even after probing the area with a dental explorer.
* Score 1: Plaque detected by visual examination and/or probing but is not visible when the area is gently dried with air.
* Score 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposits that are visible upon visual examination before air drying, but which can be removed by scraping with a dental explorer.
* Score 3: Abundant soft matter, visible upon visual examination before air drying and not easily removable with a dental explorer.

The DPI is calculated as the average score of all surfaces examined, providing an overall measure of plaque accumulation in the mouth. It can be used to monitor changes in oral hygiene over time or to evaluate the effectiveness of different oral hygiene interventions. However, it should be noted that the DPI has limitations and may not accurately reflect the presence of bacterial biofilms or the risk of dental caries and gum disease.

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that accumulates on the surface of the teeth, restorative materials, and prosthetic devices such as dentures. It is initiated when bacterial colonizers attach to the smooth surfaces of teeth through van der Waals forces and specific molecular adhesion mechanisms.

The microorganisms within the dental plaque produce extracellular polysaccharides that help to stabilize and strengthen the biofilm, making it resistant to removal by simple brushing or rinsing. Over time, if not regularly removed through oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, dental plaque can mineralize and harden into tartar or calculus.

The bacteria in dental plaque can cause tooth decay (dental caries) by metabolizing sugars and producing acid that demineralizes the tooth enamel. Additionally, certain types of bacteria in dental plaque can cause periodontal disease, an inflammation of the gums that can lead to tissue damage and bone loss around the teeth. Regular professional dental cleanings and good oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing the buildup of dental plaque and maintaining good oral health.

Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that has been used in various consumer products, such as soaps, toothpastes, and cosmetics, to reduce or prevent bacterial contamination. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. The chemical formula for triclosan is 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol.

It's worth noting that in recent years, there has been some controversy surrounding the use of triclosan due to concerns about its potential health effects and environmental impact. Some studies have suggested that triclosan may interfere with hormone regulation and contribute to antibiotic resistance. As a result, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the use of triclosan in over-the-counter consumer antiseptic washes in 2016, citing concerns about its safety and effectiveness. However, it is still allowed in other products such as toothpaste.

Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) is a systematic approach to professional dental practice that incorporates the best available scientific evidence from research, along with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences. The goal of EBD is to provide dental care that is safe, effective, efficient, and equitable. It involves the integration of three key components:

1. Clinical Judgment and Experience: The dentist's knowledge, training, and experience play a critical role in the application of evidence-based dentistry. Clinical expertise helps to identify patient needs, determine the most appropriate treatment options, and tailor care to meet individual patient preferences and values.
2. Patient Values and Preferences: EBD recognizes that patients have unique perspectives, values, and preferences that must be taken into account when making treatment decisions. Dentists should engage in shared decision-making with their patients, providing them with information about the benefits and risks of various treatment options and involving them in the decision-making process.
3. Best Available Scientific Evidence: EBD relies on high-quality scientific evidence from well-designed clinical studies to inform dental practice. This evidence is systematically reviewed, critically appraised, and applied to clinical decision-making. The strength of the evidence is evaluated based on factors such as study design, sample size, and statistical analysis.

In summary, Evidence-Based Dentistry is a method of practicing dentistry that combines clinical expertise, patient values and preferences, and the best available scientific evidence to provide high-quality, individualized care to dental patients.

Gingival overgrowth, also known as gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy, refers to an abnormal enlargement or growth of the gum tissue (gingiva) surrounding the teeth. This condition can be caused by various factors, including poor oral hygiene, certain medications (such as phenytoin, cyclosporine, and calcium channel blockers), genetic predisposition, and systemic conditions like vitamin C deficiency or leukemia.

Gingival overgrowth can lead to several complications, such as difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, which may result in periodontal disease, tooth decay, bad breath, and potential loss of teeth. In some cases, the enlarged gum tissue may also cause discomfort or pain during speaking, chewing, or brushing. Treatment for gingival overgrowth typically involves improving oral hygiene, adjusting medications if possible, and undergoing surgical procedures to remove the excess gum tissue. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are essential in managing and preventing this condition.

Dental polishing is a procedure in dentistry that is performed to smooth and clean the surfaces of teeth after professional dental cleaning (prophylaxis), restoration, or other dental treatments. It is usually done using a slow-speed handpiece with a soft, rubber cup attached to it, which holds a polishing paste or a slurry of pumice and water. The polishing paste may contain an abrasive agent, fluoride, or a flavoring agent. The dental professional moves the handpiece in a circular motion over the tooth surface to remove stains, plaque, and minor surface roughness, leaving the teeth smooth and shiny. Dental polishing helps to prevent the buildup of plaque and tartar, reduce the risk of decay and gum disease, and improve the overall oral hygiene and aesthetics of the teeth.

Dental caries activity tests are a group of diagnostic procedures used to measure or evaluate the activity and progression of dental caries (tooth decay). These tests help dentists and dental professionals determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their patients. Here are some commonly used dental caries activity tests:

1. **Bacterial Counts:** This test measures the number of bacteria present in a sample taken from the tooth surface. A higher bacterial count indicates a higher risk of dental caries.
2. **Sucrose Challenge Test:** In this test, a small amount of sucrose (table sugar) is applied to the tooth surface. After a set period, the presence and quantity of acid produced by bacteria are measured. Increased acid production suggests a higher risk of dental caries.
3. **pH Monitoring:** This test measures the acidity or alkalinity (pH level) of the saliva or plaque in the mouth. A lower pH level indicates increased acidity, which can lead to tooth decay.
4. **Dye Tests:** These tests use a special dye that stains active carious lesions on the tooth surface. The stained areas are then easily visible and can be evaluated for treatment.
5. **Transillumination Test:** A bright light is shone through the tooth to reveal any cracks, fractures, or areas of decay. This test helps identify early stages of dental caries that may not yet be visible during a routine dental examination.
6. **Laser Fluorescence Tests:** These tests use a handheld device that emits a laser beam to detect and quantify the presence of bacterial biofilm or dental plaque on the tooth surface. Increased fluorescence suggests a higher risk of dental caries.

It is important to note that these tests should be used as part of a comprehensive dental examination and not as standalone diagnostic tools. A dentist's clinical judgment, in conjunction with these tests, will help determine the best course of treatment for each individual patient.

Anti-infective agents, local, are medications that are applied directly to a specific area of the body to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. These agents include topical antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and anti-parasitic drugs. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of the infectious organisms, thereby preventing their spread and reducing the risk of infection. Local anti-infective agents are often used to treat skin infections, eye infections, and other localized infections, and can be administered as creams, ointments, gels, solutions, or drops.

Xylitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sugar substitute in various food and dental products. It has a sweet taste similar to sugar but with fewer calories and less impact on blood sugar levels, making it a popular choice for people with diabetes or those looking to reduce their sugar intake. Xylitol is also known to have dental benefits, as it can help prevent tooth decay by reducing the amount of bacteria in the mouth that cause cavities.

Medically speaking, xylitol is classified as a carbohydrate and has a chemical formula of C5H12O5. It occurs naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but most commercial xylitol is produced from corn cobs or other plant materials through a process called hydrogenation. While generally considered safe for human consumption, it can have a laxative effect in large amounts and may be harmful to dogs, so it's important to keep it out of reach of pets.

Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness, swelling and bleeding of the gingiva, or gums. It's important to note that it is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental treatment. If left untreated, however, gingivitis can progress to a more severe form of gum disease known as periodontitis, which can result in tissue damage and eventual tooth loss.

Gingivitis is most commonly caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. When not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, this plaque can harden into tartar, which is more difficult to remove and contributes to gum inflammation. Other factors like hormonal changes, poor nutrition, certain medications, smoking or a weakened immune system may also increase the risk of developing gingivitis.

A hardness test is a quantitative measure of a material's resistance to deformation, typically defined as the penetration of an indenter with a specific shape and load into the surface of the material being tested. There are several types of hardness tests, including Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell, and Knoop, each with their own specific methods and applications. The resulting hardness value is used to evaluate the material's properties, such as wear resistance, durability, and suitability for various industrial or manufacturing processes. Hardness tests are widely used in materials science, engineering, and quality control to ensure the consistency and reliability of materials and components.

Dental health surveys are epidemiological studies that aim to assess the oral health status and related behaviors of a defined population at a particular point in time. These surveys collect data on various aspects of oral health, including the prevalence and severity of dental diseases such as caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease (gum disease), and oral cancer. They also gather information on factors that influence oral health, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, access to dental care, and socioeconomic status.

The data collected in dental health surveys are used to identify trends and patterns in oral health, plan and evaluate public health programs and policies, and allocate resources for oral health promotion and disease prevention. Dental health surveys may be conducted at the local, regional, or national level, and they can target specific populations such as children, adolescents, adults, or older adults.

The methods used in dental health surveys include clinical examinations, interviews, questionnaires, and focus groups. Clinical examinations are conducted by trained dentists or dental hygienists who follow standardized protocols to assess the oral health status of participants. Interviews and questionnaires are used to collect information on demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, and attitudes towards oral health. Focus groups can provide insights into the perceptions and experiences of participants regarding oral health issues.

Overall, dental health surveys play a critical role in monitoring and improving the oral health of populations and reducing oral health disparities.

I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or definition of the term "diamond" in a medical context. However, I should clarify that "diamond" is not a commonly used medical term for a specific disease, condition, or diagnostic feature. It's essential to provide more information if it relates to a particular medical concept or usage.

In general, the term "diamond" refers to a clear and colorless form of carbon with a crystalline structure in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape. It's widely known for its use as a valuable gemstone due to its exceptional hardness, brilliance, and fire.

However, there are some tangential medical connections to the term "diamond." For example:

1. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA): A rare congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a decrease in red blood cell production. It is named after Drs. Louis Diamond and Kenneth Blackfan, who first described it.
2. Turner syndrome with XY sex chromosomes: A rare genetic condition where an individual has only one functional X chromosome instead of the typical pair (XX) found in females. Occasionally, these individuals may have a Y chromosome fragment, often referred to as "mosaic Turner syndrome with XY cells" or "XY gonadal dysgenesis." In this context, the term "XY" is sometimes metaphorically described as a "genetic male's 'diamond in the rough'" due to its rarity and unique characteristics.

If you have more information about how the term "diamond" is being used in your specific medical context, I would be happy to help further clarify or provide additional details.

'Salvia officinalis', also known as garden sage or common sage, is not a medical condition but an herb that has been used in traditional medicine. Here's the botanical definition:

Salvia officinalis, commonly known as sage, garden sage, or common sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family, also known as the mint family. The plant is native to the Mediterranean region and has been cultivated throughout the world for its aromatic leaves, which are used in cooking, cosmetics, and medicinal preparations.

In traditional medicine, sage leaves have been used to treat various conditions, such as sore throats, coughs, colds, and digestive issues. However, it is essential to note that the effectiveness of sage for these uses has not been thoroughly studied in clinical trials, and its use should not replace conventional medical care. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment or therapy.

Flame Ionization is not a medical term, but rather a scientific technique used in analytical chemistry to detect and measure the presence of certain organic compounds. It is based on the principle that when an organic compound is introduced into a flame, it breaks down into ions and electrons, creating an electrical current that can be measured. This technique is often used in gas chromatography to identify and quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in biological samples such as breath, blood, or urine. However, it is not typically used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.

Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to consume and meets the health-based standards established by regulatory agencies for human consumption. It is free from harmful levels of contaminants, including microorganisms, chemicals, radiological elements, and aesthetic factors such as taste, odor, and appearance.

Drinking water can come from various sources, including surface water (e.g., rivers, lakes), groundwater (e.g., wells), and treated wastewater that has undergone advanced purification processes. The treatment of drinking water typically involves several steps, such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, to remove or inactivate pathogens and other contaminants.

Access to safe drinking water is essential for human health, as it helps prevent various waterborne diseases and ensures proper hydration. Regular monitoring and testing of drinking water sources and distribution systems are necessary to maintain the quality and safety of the water supply.

Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone, while reducing oxygen to hydrogen peroxide in the process. This reaction is a part of the metabolic pathway in some organisms that convert glucose into energy. The systematic name for this enzyme is D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase.

Glucose oxidase is commonly found in certain fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, and it has various applications in industry, medicine, and research. For instance, it's used in the production of glucose sensors for monitoring blood sugar levels, in the detection and quantification of glucose in food and beverages, and in the development of biosensors for environmental monitoring.

It's worth noting that while glucose oxidase has many applications, it should not be confused with glutathione peroxidase, another enzyme involved in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water.

Dental alloys are materials made by combining two or more metals to be used in dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, fillings, and orthodontic appliances. These alloys can be classified into three main categories based on their composition:

1. Precious Alloys: Predominantly composed of precious metals like gold, platinum, palladium, and silver. They are highly corrosion-resistant, biocompatible, and durable, making them suitable for long-term use in dental restorations. Common examples include high noble (gold) alloys and noble alloys.
2. Base Metal Alloys: Contain primarily non-precious metals like nickel, chromium, cobalt, and beryllium. They are more affordable than precious alloys but may cause allergic reactions or sensitivities in some patients. Common examples include nickel-chromium alloys and cobalt-chromium alloys.
3. Castable Glass Ionomer Alloys: A combination of glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder and metal liquid, which can be cast into various dental restorations. They have the advantage of being both strong and adhesive to tooth structure but may not be as durable as other alloy types.

Each type of dental alloy has its unique properties and applications, depending on the specific clinical situation and patient needs. Dental professionals consider factors like cost, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and esthetics when selecting an appropriate alloy for a dental restoration.

Carbon inorganic compounds are chemical substances that contain carbon combined with one or more elements other than hydrogen. These compounds include oxides of carbon such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), metal carbides like calcium carbide (CaC2) and silicon carbide (SiC), and carbonates like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

Unlike organic compounds, which are based on carbon-hydrogen bonds, inorganic carbon compounds do not contain hydrocarbon structures. Instead, they feature carbon bonded to elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or halogens. Inorganic carbon compounds have diverse physical and chemical properties and play important roles in various industrial applications, as well as in biological systems.

Lactoperoxidase is a type of peroxidase enzyme that is present in various secretory fluids, including milk, saliva, and tears. In milk, lactoperoxidase plays an important role in the natural defense system by helping to protect against microbial growth. It does this by catalyzing the oxidation of thiocyanate ions (SCN-) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce hypothiocyanite (OSCN-), which is a potent antimicrobial agent.

Lactoperoxidase is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 78 kDa, and it is composed of four identical subunits, each containing a heme group that binds to the hydrogen peroxide molecule during the enzymatic reaction. Lactoperoxidase has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various fields, including oral health, food preservation, and wound healing.

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The ingredients to create the devils toothpaste reaction are the same as the regular elephants toothpaste reaction, the only ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elephant toothpaste. The Elephant's Toothpaste Experiment sciencebob.com (Articles with ... Elephant's toothpaste is a foamy substance caused by the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using potassium iodide ... "Elephant's Toothpaste (slow motion)". Periodic Table of Videos. The University of Nottingham. Archived from the original on ...
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Colgate toothpaste was sold in glass jars since 1873. Tubes, as pioneered by Kalodont, Johnson & Johnson (Zonweiss) and ... In January 2020, Colgate registered the label for toothpaste containing hemp seed oil with the U.S. government. In February ... The investigation showed that the study had telephone surveyed dentists to list the toothpaste they recommended, and their ... Companies portal Medicine portal List of toothpaste brands Index of oral health and dental articles "Company Profile for ...
Crest Toothpaste has a total of eight product lines: Gum Health 3D White Kid's Crest Pro-Health Sensitivity Enamel Clean + ... "Crest Toothpaste Collection". crest.com. Retrieved 2020-03-13. Fasig, Lisa Biank (2007-04-09). "P&G hopes rinse effect won't ... P&G - Crest Toothpaste - The Fell Family - Vintage Commercial - 1950's. February 8, 2013. Archived from the original on 2021-12 ... "Crest Toothpaste Safe" (Press release). Procter & Gamble. Archived from the original on 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2020-03-13. " ...
Close-Up toothpaste brand was famous and was considered as the #1 toothpaste brand in Nigeria until early 2016 when a new brand ... Close-up is an American brand of toothpaste launched in 1967 by Unilever as the first gel toothpaste. The brand is marketed ... Close-Up toothpaste is also available in the Philippines, Pakistan, Peru, Argentina, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, India, Iran ... According to an August 2016 report in The Economic Times, Close-Up was in the second spot in market share of toothpaste in ...
an appeals court rejected one formulation of the toothpaste tube theory. In labor law, the toothpaste tube theory means ... just as when one squeezes a toothpaste tube, toothpaste comes out. It is used to explain social and political behavior, as well ... In geography, the toothpaste tube theory can be used to explain the activity and behavior of glaciers with regards to their ... In economics, the toothpaste tube theory may be applied to, for instance, exports. Under this formulation, when home demand is ...
... is a webcomic created by Drew Fairweather. The comic was launched on January 1, 2002. A new strip is ... Anderson, Sam (June 24, 2005). "Toothpaste for Dinner: A slide-show tour of the most addictive comic on the Web". Slate. pp. 3 ... Sam Anderson of Slate described Toothpaste for Dinner as "the most addictive comic on the Web." Whitney Reynolds, producer of ... The Drew Book Mad Drew: Beyond Coffeedome Toothpaste for Dinner: hipsters, hamsters and other pressing issues, 2005 (ISBN 1- ...
... (Doramad Radioaktive Zahncreme) was a brand of toothpaste produced in Germany by ... The toothpaste was considered at the time a milestone of technical achievement and was touted as a "miracle remedy". ... Doramad radioactive toothpaste was produced during World War II by Auergesellschaft of Berlin. Santos, Lucy Jane (2020). Half ... The identity and fate of the chemical company, the fate of the stolen thorium, and whether or not the thorium toothpaste was ...
The 2002 Philippine Team-Hapee Toothpaste is one of the two teams which sponsored a national pool that played in the 2002 PBA ...
The toothpaste pump, also known as a toothpaste pump dispenser, is a device used to contain and dispense toothpaste, akin to a ... An automatic toothpaste dispenser is a wall-mounted or counter-top device used to dispense toothpaste by pressing the ... An automatic toothpaste dispenser is a self-starting way to dispense toothpaste. Several innovative designs have been developed ... "Toothpaste dispenser", published 1999 "The Best Toothpaste Dispenser , No More Squeezing". October 2016. (Oral hygiene, ...
However in 2012, they made 3 actions called "P/S 123". Rembrandt toothpaste: a brand of toothpaste that has built its brand on ... "Doramad Radioactive Toothpaste". Retrieved October 1, 2011. Doramad radioactive toothpaste was produced during World War II by ... "tooth paste" in South Slavic languages. It was also available in Russia in 1927. Macleans: a brand of toothpaste by ... a brand of toothpaste featuring baking soda produced by Colgate-Palmolive, circa 1973-1977. Pepsodent: a brand of toothpaste ...
... compared with an SLS-free toothpaste, see Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P (June 1996). "The effect of two toothpaste detergents on the ... do not use toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulphate "Common Mouth Ulcer Causes and Treatments". Take Home Smile. 30 June ... iii) A 1997 study[clarification needed] suggested a significantly higher number of ulcers after SLS toothpaste use, versus its ... ISBN 978-0-443-06818-8. Lippert, Frank (2013). "An Introduction to Toothpaste-Its Purpose, History and Ingredients". In van ...
"Toothpastes". www.ada.org. Retrieved September 27, 2020. Marks, R.; Pearse, A. D.; Walker, A. P. (1985). "The effects of a ... Chelated zinc is used in toothpastes and mouthwashes to prevent bad breath; zinc citrate helps reduce the build-up of calculus ...
"Toothpastes". www.ada.org. Retrieved 27 September 2020. Addy M, Richards J, Williams G (August 1980). "Effects of a zinc ... Toothpaste with pyrophosphates or zinc citrate has been shown to produce a statistically significant reduction in plaque ...
It was not designed to rank safety of toothpastes, and all toothpastes with an RDA of 250 or less are considered to be equally ... "Toothpastes". www.ada.org. Retrieved 2021-09-09. Hunter, M.L.; Addy, M.; Pickles, M.J.; Joiner, A. (October 2002). "The role of ... On average, data suggests less than 400 μm of tooth wear occurs over a lifetime using toothpastes of RDA 250 or less. The RDA ... Currently, the claim on products such as toothpaste are not regulated by law, however a dentifrice is required to have a level ...
... compared with an SLS-free toothpaste, see Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P (June 1996). "The effect of two toothpaste detergents on the ... do not use toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulphate Some of the published studies, from latest to earliest, are as follows ... SDS is a common ingredient in toothpastes due to its low cost, its lack of impact on taste, and its desirable action as a ... Dadamio, J.; Laleman, I. & Quirynen, M. (2013). "The Role of Toothpastes in Oral Malodor Management". In van Loveren, C. (ed ...
This type of toothpaste is used in the same manner as regular toothpaste. The application of high-fluoride content toothpaste ... Toothpastes containing stannous fluoride have been shown to be more effective than other fluoride toothpastes for reducing ... High-fluoride content toothpaste generally contains 1.1% (5,000 ppm) sodium fluoride toothpaste. ... with a significant reduction in calculus and halitosis compared to other toothpastes. Anti-sensitivity toothpastes with ...
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5 January 1998) Useful Holes; Street Lamps; Boots; Brushes; Toothpaste; Marmalade (18 May 1998) Dandelions; Carrots; Frogs; ...
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Desensitizing toothpastes containing potassium nitrate have been used since the 1980s while toothpastes with potassium chloride ... A variety of toothpastes are marketed for dentin hypersensitivity, including compounds such as strontium chloride, strontium ... Potassium-containing toothpastes are common; however, the mechanism by which they may reduce hypersensitivity is unclear. ... Non-abrasive fluoride-containing toothpastes should be used, at least twice daily for two minutes at a time. The consumption of ...
"Black Person Toothpaste is still Black Person Toothpaste". On June 19, 2020, following the murder of George Floyd and ... He changed the English name of the toothpaste to "Darlie" in 1989, and altered the image on the packaging to show a racially ... As of 1989[update], the toothpaste held a 75% market share in Taiwan, 50% in Singapore, 30% in Malaysia and Hong Kong and 20% ... Darkie' toothpaste puts company in a squeeze". Baltimore Afro-American. 1986-03-01. Retrieved 2015-12-04 - via Google. McCarthy ...
"Toothpastes, Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA)". www.ada.org. Retrieved 13 January 2021. "Toothpaste Abrasiveness Ranked by RDA ... toothpaste powder') is an alternative to toothpaste. It may be recommended for people with sensitive teeth. Tooth powder ... Toothpaste use can promote good oral hygiene: it can aid in the removal of dental plaque and food from the teeth, it can aid in ... Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. It is almost ...
as an antienzyme in toothpastes. as a precursor for dimethyl-4-pyridones. The compounds are synthesized when dehydroacetic acid ...
Toothpaste Press. 1983. ISBN 978-0-915124-75-6. Mister. Penny poems. 1959. Learning to Move. Potes & Poets Press. 1982. ISBN ...
A review by American blog Frozen Toothpaste described the podcast in a 2007 review as "a usually delightful, witty and deadpan ... "Review: The Bugle (Podcast) , Frozen Toothpaste". frozentoothpaste.com. 19 November 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2018. "The ...
... fluoride toothpaste) Burst (detergent) Cue (fluoride toothpaste) Cashmere Bouquet (soap) Cherish (cinnamon flavored toothpaste ... Colgate lost its number one place in the toothpaste market when P&G added fluoride to its toothpaste (Colgate has since re- ... In 1873, the company introduced its first Colgate Toothpaste, an aromatic toothpaste sold in jars. In 1896, the company sold ... toothpaste) (Southeast Asia) Dermassage Dentagard (toothpaste; Germany) Duraphat (fluoride varnish) Dynamo (detergent) Elmex ( ...
"Toothpaste & Toothbrushes , Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-19. "Addis Housewares Ltd, Waterton ...
Toothpaste Press, 1982. The Happy Birthday Handbook (self-illustrated Iowa City, IA: Toothpaste Press, 1982. A Visit from St. ... Gray); Toothpaste (ed. Kornblum), Search for Tomorrow (ed. Mattingly); PF Flyer (eds. Steve and Sheila Toth); The Actual Now ... Iowa City, IA: Toothpaste Press, 1974. Jnd-Song of the Golden Gradrti (self-illustrated). Iowa City, IA: Happy Press, 1977. ... The Tenth J (minimal poem). Iowa City, IA: Toothpaste Press, 1972. Matchbook: Magazine of 1-Word Poetry. Iowa City, IA: X Press ...
Striped toothpaste should not be confused with layered toothpaste. Layered toothpaste requires a multi-chamber design (e.g. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toothpaste. Chemistry of Plaque Prevention with Toothpaste Fluoride toothpaste history ( ... Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue. Toothpastes are generally ... Toothpastes containing fluoride are effective at preventing tooth decay. Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque ...
Shop Toothpaste direct from Safeway. Browse our selection and order groceries online or in app for flexible Delivery or ... Sensodyne Toothpaste Maximum Strength With Fluoride Extra Whitening Twin Value Pack - 2-4 Oz ... Sensodyne Toothpaste For Sensitive Teeth & Cavity Prevention With Fluoride Extra Whitening - 4 Oz ... Sensodyne Pro Namel Toothpaste Daily Fluoride For Sensitive Teeth Gentle Whitening - 4 Oz ...
The foam youll create in this experiment resembles toothpaste being squeezed from a tube but dont get it in your mouth! ... At-Home Science Experiments: Elephants Toothpaste. Create foamy fun with your kids with this DIY science project!. By ... The foam your kids will create in this at-home science experiment resembles toothpaste being squeezed from a tube - just be ...
Learn more about our range of Whitening Toothpaste ... Get quality Whitening Toothpaste at Tesco. Shop in store or ...
Find toothpaste for kids coupons and weekly deals. Pickup & Same Day Delivery available on most store items. ... Aquafresh Kids Pump Cavity Protection Fluoride Toothpaste For Cavity Protection Bubble Mint. (. 4.6 oz ) ... Kids Pump Cavity Protection Fluoride Toothpaste For Cavity Protection Bubble Mint. - 4.6 oz ... Crest Kids Enamel + Cavity Protection Toothpaste with Fluoride, for Ages 6+. (. 4.1 OZ ) ...
Partners and buy high quality Toothpaste products today. Free delivery - T&Cs apply. ... Oral-B Pro Expert DeepClean Toothpaste75ml. 75ml. ... Aquafresh Toothpaste Naturals Mint Clean. in trolley 0. 0 in ... Colgate Total Deep Clean Toothpaste75ml. 75ml. ... Aquafresh Toothpaste Naturals Mint Clean. in trolley 0. 0 in ... Aquafresh Toothpaste Naturals Mint Clean75ml. 75ml. ... Colgate Total Enamel Strength Toothpaste75ml. 75ml. No reviews ...
Toothpaste Manufacturing - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. Accurate ...
Researchers found that certain ECDs in household products, such as toothpaste and sunscreen, affected human sperm function, ... an anti-bacterial agent used in toothpaste. ...
How to make aloe vera toothpaste. 1 of 1 Making your own toothpaste is much easier than it seems. All you need is a juicy Aloe ... Making your own toothpaste is much easier than it seems. All you need is a juicy Aloe Vera plant and two or three items from ... One thought on "DIY: Learn How Make Your Own Aloe Vera Toothpaste" * ... and read on to see how to make Aloe Vera toothpaste - your kids can even help you whip up a batch! ...
... and that is exactly how those who practice Nihilism would view this Flavorless Nihilist Toothpaste because Nihilists dont ... Toothpaste Tube-Wringer August 1, 2012 Patra Beaulieu Design 0 Traditional toothpaste tubes were a good idea until the mini-war ... HomeDesignFlavorless Nihilist Toothpaste. Flavorless Nihilist Toothpaste. August 24, 2013 Marty Shaw Design 1 ... Bacon Toothpaste June 10, 2011 Hazel Chua Design 0 Each morning, you have bacon and eggs for breakfast. After a long bath, you ...
"Range of toothpaste for a brand aimed at pharmacies. The concept is inspired by the silhouette of the toothpaste as it is ... "Range of toothpaste for a brand aimed at pharmacies. The concept is inspired by the silhouette of the toothpaste as it is ...
Toothpaste isnt an effective way to remove skin tags. We explain what skin tags are and why it might be a good idea to see a ... Before you glob a minty mound of toothpaste on the offending spot, take note: Health experts say using toothpaste (or any other ... But it would be so much simpler if you could use a product you already have on hand, like toothpaste, to get rid of that skin ... People use toothpaste for all sorts of health-related purposes, from shrinking pimples to treating bug bites. Theres no ...
... directions and info on Big Toothbrush and Toothpaste in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ... Big Toothbrush and Toothpaste A quaint dentist office displays a larger than life toothbrush and toothpaste. "Dont forget to ... Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Big Toothbrush and Toothpaste. Kids dentist office advertises with a big toothbrush and toothpaste. ... Visitor Tips and News About Big Toothbrush and Toothpaste. Reports and tips from RoadsideAmerica.com visitors and Roadside ...
... fluoride toothpaste with 96% natural origin content. It contains calcium that your teeth need. The dual thickener/binder system ... natural mineral toothpaste formula #: M300-3040D description Take care of the planet and your smile with this biodegradable, ... fluoride toothpaste with 96% natural origin content. It contains calcium that your teeth need. The dual thickener/binder system ...
... with direct flights serving Russia to be aware of the possibility that explosive materials could be hidden in toothpaste, ... The concern about the use of toothpaste tubes is mostly focused on flights from Europe and neighboring Asian countries - in ... "My prediction is that they will give a direct order that theyll be removing toothpaste from passengers hand-carried items" ... Secretary of State John Kerry, in an exclusive interview with CNNs "The Lead with Jake Tapper" before the toothpaste alert ...
... Deccan Chronicle. ,. Kaniza Garari. Published on:. August 30, 2016. , Updated on:. August 31 ... Hyderabad: Use of parabens in toothpaste and cosmetics has to be stopped immediately, states a caution notice issued by the ...
... controlled trial tested the safety of a toothpaste that was specially formulated to be used as oral immunotherapy by adults ... Novel Toothpaste May Cut Peanut Allergy Risk for Adults * American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (ACAAI) 2023 ... The toothpaste "leverages the Langerhans cells in the entire oral cavity, not just under the tongue but on the palate, on the ... Once the toothpaste enters the mouth, the proteins bind to mucosa. Langerhans cells then pull the protein into the lymph system ...
... not the least of which is avoiding the the side effects of traditional toothpaste products. ... There are a lot of benefits in using a natural toothpaste, ... Natural toothpaste is a great deal more complicated than it ... "The 6 Hidden Dangers in Toothpaste". This "natural" gel toothpaste contains sodium fluoride, hydrated silica, glycerin, and ... Did it ever occur to you that the least expensive and least painful option might be found in using a natural toothpaste ...
Toothpaste. A healthy smile can be yours! Explore the types of toothpastes and find the right toothpaste for you at Colgate.com ... How much toothpaste should I use? Youd think you need a lot based on some toothpaste commercials on television. However, ... How long does toothpaste last? All fluoride containing toothpastes are regulated by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( ... What is toothpaste made of? Most cavity-fighting toothpastes share five common ingredients, fluoride, abrasives, flavors, ...
But what happens when it rains? Wont the toothpaste buff suds away, leaving cloudy headlights? After turning the hose on the ... Continue buffing until there isnt any more stickiness or residue from the toothpaste. Youll be amazed with the dazzling ... or you can reach for your favorite tube of toothpaste. Any basic mouth-cleaning paste will do for this easy DIY that leaves ...
Shop Burts Bees Purely White Toothpaste - 0.85 Oz from Safeway. Browse our wide selection of Trial Size for Delivery or Drive ...
Our toothpaste packaging is recyclable and all our oral care range is great on the go. ... These charcoal toothpaste tablets will remove stains and have a whitening effect. ... This charcoal toothpaste has a spicy, peppery flavour to wake up your mouth, while the charcoal and baking soda formula is a ... Recycling of toothpaste tubes may be improving, but our plastic pots are widely recyclable, and even better, they qualify for ...
UNLV researchers are looking into how effective toothpaste is in space. The university teamed up with NASA and Colgate. ... UNLV researchers are looking into how effective toothpaste is in space. The university teamed up with NASA and Colgate. ...
Brushing with this toothpaste helps prevent new stains and protects against tartar, cavities and plaque build-up. ... Colgate Advanced White Toothpaste ensures whiter teeth in 14 days. ...
... it also launched Vedshakti ayurvedic toothpaste to regain the lost market share. ... The maker of the eponymous toothpaste controls about half the oral care market. It lost share to the Baba Ramdev-led Patanjali ... it also launched Vedshakti ayurvedic toothpaste to regain the lost market share.. By volume, the countrys overall toothpaste ... Toothpaste, muted since the last few quarters, has started to see a decent recovery. However, we await market share gains with ...
But dont let the originality of the Binotomo Salt Toothpaste fool you; it has an unusual taste but protects against tooth ... Binotomo Salt Toothpaste - Japan has some pretty unique dental hygiene products and here is another example. ... decay much better than other novelty toothpastes. Far from being just a gimmick, this is a ge ... ... Binotomo Salt Toothpaste. * Gadgets & Toys Amazing selection of gadgets and toys * All Products The latest gadgets, toys and ...
Our toothpaste packaging is recyclable and all our oral care range is great on the go. ... These charcoal toothpaste tablets will remove stains and have a whitening effect. ... This charcoal toothpaste has a spicy, peppery flavour to wake up your mouth, while the charcoal and baking soda formula is a ... Recycling of toothpaste tubes may be improving, but our plastic pots are widely recyclable, and even better, they qualify for ...
... so support your dogs oral hygiene with one of this selection of the best toothpastes for dogs ... Beaphar Toothpaste. Form: Paste , Flavour: Liver , Size: 100g , RRP: £5.99 ,. This advanced dual-enzyme toothpaste combines two ... Virbac Enzymatic Toothpaste. Form: Paste , Flavour: Poultry , Size: 70g , RRP: £7.50 ,. A medical toothpaste designed for ... Many human toothpastes contain an artificial sweetener, Xylitol, that is toxic to dogs, and our toothpaste is not designed to ...
Learn about the special types of toothpastes and the benefits they provide in addition to cleaning your teeth at Oralb.com. ... Types of Toothpaste. Each type of toothpaste has its own unique benefits. Some specialty types of toothpaste include: * ... Today, there are toothpastes to meet the oral care needs of virtually everybody, and you cant really go wrong with any ... No matter which toothpaste youre brushing with, its important to maintain a thorough oral care regiment to ensure your teeth ...
  • Get whiter teeth in just 10 days when you brush with Colgate Advanced White Toothpaste. (boots.com)
  • And unlike regular toothpaste, our pure baking soda formulas penetrate deeper throughout your mouth, removing up to 3x more plaque in hard-to-reach places. (gourmetgarage.com)
  • Colgate toothpastes make it easy to choose care that fits any age, smile, oral condition and goal. (colgate.com)
  • Colgate makes many different types of toothpastes which serve different purposes. (colgate.com)
  • While Colgate has been selling herbal variants such as salt, neem and clove in the country, it also launched Vedshakti ayurvedic toothpaste to regain the lost market share. (indiatimes.com)
  • Colgate Palmolive India said the share of natural products within the overall toothpaste segment is declining, after a steep rise over the past few years. (indiatimes.com)
  • Colgate Colgate ® Max Fresh ® Toothpaste, Knockout TM Gel is uniquely formulated with odor neutralizing technology that helps destroy nasty odors and fight lingering food after taste (based on in-vitro odor reduction results and descriptive sensory panel analysis following brushing teeth and tongue). (colgate.com)
  • Add Colgate Total SF Clean Mint Toothpaste, 0.88 oz to Favorites. (gourmetgarage.com)
  • Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). (wikipedia.org)
  • A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste when brushing the teeth does not necessarily impact the level of plaque removal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toothpastes with RDA values above 250 are potentially damaging to the surfaces of teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Satisfy your sweet tooth even when brushing your teeth with this amazing Cupcake Toothpaste. (geekalerts.com)
  • The novel toothpaste is designed to deliver the therapy in several steps while brushing teeth in the traditional manner, he explained. (medscape.com)
  • Our most effective whitening fluoride-free deep clean toothpaste tablets will brighten your teeth when they need it. (lush.com)
  • Brushing your dog's teeth , with one of the best toothpastes for dogs (and best dog toothbrushes ) is the most effective way to prevent periodontal disease. (horseandhound.co.uk)
  • Thieves® Whitening Toothpaste combines pure and safe ingredients from nature to whiten teeth, fight plaque, support healthy gums, and remove stains without damaging enamel. (youngliving.com)
  • ARM & HAMMERâ„¢ Complete Careâ„¢, ARM & HAMMERâ„¢ Extreme White and ARM & HAMMERâ„¢ Bright & Strong toothpastes contain peroxide to help deep clean teeth. (armandhammer.com)
  • Coconut oil can clean your teeth and prevent decay better than any mouthwash or toothpaste with fluoride on the market. (lifehack.org)
  • Anticavity Fluoride Toothpaste nnUp to 3x More Plaque Removal*n*in hard-to-reach areas compared to a leading toothpastennStain defenseâ„¢ technology helps remove stains & prevent new ones form settingnnAt Arm & Hammer, we like to be different.nNaturally powered by baking soda, our toothpaste goes beyond cleaning, giving you stronger, healthier teeth and gums. (gourmetgarage.com)
  • When they use too much toothpaste, they could potentially swallow enough fluoride to develop fluorosis, which only has an effect on developing teeth. (deltadental.com)
  • What's more, the teeth whitening toothpaste also helps to prevent new stains from sticking to your teeth, so you can enjoy a whiter smile for longer. (boots.com)
  • Sensodyne Daily Care Original toothpaste provides daily care for sensitive teeth. (boots.com)
  • Providing everyday care for your sensitive teeth*, Sensodyne Daily Care Original toothpaste comes in original mint flavour which freshens breath. (boots.com)
  • Toothpaste with organic Ganoderma lucidum extract that makes your gums healthier, your teeth whiter and your breath fresher. (organogold.com)
  • So just because your friend, spouse or child appears to have much whiter teeth after using whitening toothpaste, it does not guarantee that you'll have identical results. (oralb.com)
  • Whitening toothpaste is mild enough to be safe for most people, although some people report that the stain-removing chemicals make their teeth feel more sensitive. (oralb.com)
  • Toothpaste Commentary:** Sensodyne Toothpaste is a useful product for controlling the annoyance of sensitive teeth. (viewpoints.com)
  • Very cold or hot liquids or foods no longer bother the teeth once they have been brushed for many days with Sensodyne Toothpaste. (viewpoints.com)
  • But the most important quality of this toothpaste is its ability to control the pain of sensitive teeth and I can tell you from experience that this product really does work. (viewpoints.com)
  • Bottom- Line Viewpoint:** Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste is one of the best products available for those with sensitive teeth and many people swear by it and won't use anything else. (viewpoints.com)
  • A few years ago my dentist gave me a sample of the Sensodyne toothpaste and suggested that I try it to help with my sensitive teeth. (viewpoints.com)
  • After a couple days without the Sensodyne toothpaste my sensitive teeth were driving me crazy again. (viewpoints.com)
  • This study compared the whitening effectiveness of a toothpaste containing Blue Covarine (BC) vs. an in-office whitening treatment using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in teeth stained. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, blue covarine toothpaste may be a viable option for extrinsically stained teeth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Use only a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste for children 3 to 6. (deltadental.com)
  • Place only a small pea-size amount of fluoride toothpaste on your child's toothbrush. (cdc.gov)
  • A recent article in the LA Times revealed that a new study found that the toxic compound triclosan, which is commonly found in toothpaste as well as other consumer products such as cosmetics, children's toys, and yoga mats, "could cause adverse effects on colonic inflammation and colon cancer. (pirg.org)
  • An ingredient commonly found in toothpaste could be employed as an anti-malarial drug against strains of malaria parasite that have grown resistant to one of the currently used drugs. (who.int)
  • In honor of Silly Strawberry Toothpaste 's 25th Birthday, we thought it would be fun to get the Silly backstory from de facto company historian Pam. (tomsofmaine.com)
  • You can spend money on special waxes and sprays that refresh and seal your lights - or you can reach for your favorite tube of toothpaste. (popsugar.com)
  • This translates to using a new toothbrush every 3 months and one tube of toothpaste every two months (10). (who.int)
  • Fluoride in toothpaste is taken up directly by the dental plaque and demineralized enamel and also increases the concentration of fluoride in saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • With little fanfare, our first kids toothpaste grew, Sesame Street came to film at the factory, and two kids books were published about Tom's of Maine's toothpaste. (tomsofmaine.com)
  • This charcoal toothpaste has a spicy, peppery flavour to wake up your mouth, while the charcoal and baking soda formula is a powerful combination, working on deep surface stains to give a whitening effect with high stain removal power. (lush.com)
  • UNLV researchers are looking into how effective toothpaste is in space. (yahoo.com)
  • Far from being just a gimmick, this is a genuinely effective toothpaste which uses natural salt, leaving only a slight salty taste in the mouth. (japantrendshop.com)
  • Kids dentist office advertises with a big toothbrush and toothpaste. (roadsideamerica.com)
  • A quaint dentist office displays a larger than life toothbrush and toothpaste. (roadsideamerica.com)
  • Big Toothbrush and Toothpaste , Oklahoma City, OK - (roadsideamerica.com)
  • An illustrative brochure about the quantities of toothpaste was shown, and the guardian was asked to apply toothpaste on the toothbrush. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sixty-eight percent of children was responsible for their own toothbrushing and 73.6% for applying toothpaste on the toothbrush. (bvsalud.org)
  • The 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 32 adults aged 18-55 with peanut allergy to receive in a 3:1 ratio either an escalating dose of INT301 (a preset metered dose of formulated toothpaste containing peanut protein) or placebo paste. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, numerous clinical trials have shown gluconate chelated stannous fluoride toothpastes possess superior protection against dental erosion and dentine hypersensitivity compared to other fluoride-containing and fluoride-free toothpastes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Traditional toothpaste tubes were a good idea until the mini-war broke out between those who squeeze from the top vs. those who squeeze from the lower parts of the tube. (geekalerts.com)
  • The United States is advising airlines with direct flights serving Russia to be aware of the possibility that explosive materials could be concealed in toothpaste or cosmetic tubes, the chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee said Wednesday night. (cnn.com)
  • The concern about the use of toothpaste tubes is mostly focused on flights from Europe and neighboring Asian countries - in part because the United States has less intelligence-sharing with those nations. (cnn.com)
  • Recycling of toothpaste tubes may be improving, but our plastic pots are widely recyclable, and even better, they qualify for our Bring It Back scheme. (lush.com)
  • London, United Kingdom - Unilever's oral care brands including Signal, Pepsodent and Closeup have announced plans to convert their entire global toothpaste portfolio to recyclable tubes by 2025. (unilever.com)
  • First launching in France with the company's leading oral care brand Signal, the new tubes will be rolled out across its biggest range, Integral 8, which represents over a third (35%) of Unilever's toothpaste portfolio in the country. (unilever.com)
  • Traditionally, most toothpaste tubes are made from a combination of plastic and aluminium, which gives the packaging its flexibility but also makes it difficult to recycle. (unilever.com)
  • We can see its impact on our planet every day, including the billions of toothpaste tubes dumped into landfills every year. (unilever.com)
  • That's why I'm proud of this latest packaging innovation which will see our entire toothpaste portfolio shift to recyclable tubes by 2025. (unilever.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the yearly use of 6 tubes of toothpaste of 170g each and 4 toothbrushes per individual. (who.int)
  • Aim: To evaluate the individual yearly consumption of toothpaste tubes and toothbrushes in Lebanon using the amount supplied to the market as a proxy measure after checking if the products meet the standards. (who.int)
  • The yearly supply of toothpaste tubes per individual increased progressively from 1.27 tubes to 1.58 tubes between the year 2000 and 2016 respectively. (who.int)
  • The yearly consumption of both toothpaste tubes and toothbrushes was below WHO recommendations. (who.int)
  • This raises the necessity of increasing the promotion of the importance of proper oral hygiene practices as well as the distribution of tubes of toothpastes and toothbrushes to people in need. (who.int)
  • In that respect, the WHO recommended a yearly consumption of four tooth brushes and 6 tubes of toothpastes per individual. (who.int)
  • Thieves Whitening Toothpaste combines specialized ingredients and the best nature has to offer to clean, polish, and remove surface stains, leaving you with a brighter smile and minty-fresh breath from premium essential oils. (youngliving.com)
  • Free of fluoride and other harsh ingredients, Thieves Whitening Toothpaste offers a superior clean that's safe for the whole family. (youngliving.com)
  • Thieves Whitening Toothpaste contains xylitol for effectively reducing the risk of tooth decay. (youngliving.com)
  • ARM & HAMMERâ„¢ Complete Careâ„¢, ARM & HAMMERâ„¢ Advance Whiteâ„¢, ARM &HAMMERâ„¢ Sensitive Whitening, ARM & HAMMERâ„¢ Clean & Fresh toothpastes are formulated to help to prevent tartar buildup by action of brushing. (armandhammer.com)
  • And with it's dual cleaning system, the whitening toothpaste removes 10x more surface stains than regular fluoride toothpaste. (boots.com)
  • How Does Whitening Toothpaste Work? (oralb.com)
  • Is Whitening Toothpaste Safe? (oralb.com)
  • Try a whitening toothpaste. (oralb.com)
  • When used regularly, a whitening toothpaste can help remove stains and plaque and contribute to a healthy smile. (oralb.com)
  • And whitening toothpaste does not always produce noticeable effects on tooth-colored crowns or fillings that have become stained. (oralb.com)
  • To solve that issue, there are now whitening toothpastes which offer sensitivity protection. (oralb.com)
  • It may take some trial and error to find the type of whitening toothpaste you like. (oralb.com)
  • Alternative whitening strategies to hydrogen peroxide have been proposed, such as the inclusion of abrasive and/or pigmented particles in the toothpaste. (bvsalud.org)
  • To agents, a whitening effect is achieved.1 Therefore, conventional simplify the technique and make the whitening effect easier tooth whitening techniques mainly use peroxides as oxidant to obtain for patients, whitening toothpastes have been agents to be diffused into the tooth organic matrix and release developed. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study was based on performing secondary quantitative data analysis of the amount of supplied toothpastes and toothbrushes between 2000 and 2016 in Lebanon. (who.int)
  • Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque build-up, promoting healthy gums. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of these chemicals include ultraviolet filters such as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), which is used in some sunscreens, and Triclosan, an anti-bacterial agent used in toothpaste. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, the active ingredients in toothpastes are able to prevent dental diseases with regular use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some stannous fluoride-containing toothpastes also contain ingredients that allow for better stain and calculus removal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Word has been slowly but surely spreading of dangers associated with exposure to certain chemicals, some of which are ingredients in every day products like toothpaste. (oramd.com)
  • After the Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015, the use of microbeads in toothpaste has been discontinued in the US, however since 2015 the industry has shifted toward instead using FDA-approved "rinse-off" metallized-plastic glitter as their primary abrasive agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The abrasive effect of toothpaste is indicated by its RDA value. (wikipedia.org)
  • Best of all, we do this gently, and are less abrasive than other toothpastes. (gourmetgarage.com)
  • Within the limitations, it can be concluded that the content of activated charcoal in charcoal toothpastes had little influence on the observed abrasive behavior , although one of the charcoal toothpastes showed the highest abrasion on dentin . (bvsalud.org)
  • Minty toothpaste just can't compare when you could be tasting cupcakes. (geekalerts.com)
  • Before you glob a minty mound of toothpaste on the offending spot, take note: Health experts say using toothpaste (or any other home remedy) to remove skin tags at home isn't a good plan. (healthline.com)
  • Major consumer product giant Procter & Gamble (P&G), the maker of Crest and Oral-B toothpastes announced that it has phased out the use triclosan in its products. (pirg.org)
  • When many popular toothpaste brands are already taking the initiative to remove the toxic compound from their products, the FDA needs to step up and take action to ban its use in ALL toothpaste to protect our public health. (pirg.org)
  • Mine certainly do and while I usually just tolerate the annoyance, there are some good toothpaste products that help get this problem under control. (viewpoints.com)
  • Sensodyne Toothpaste Fresh Mint does cost more than other toothpaste products, so you have to be willing to spend a little more to get the relief you need. (viewpoints.com)
  • The quality of toothpaste brands available in the market was evaluated by reviewing LIBNOR (Lebanese Standards Institution) guidelines that govern the quality and testing standards of oral health products in Lebanon. (who.int)
  • They are less likely to be done for an overdose of fluoride from toothpaste and other health products. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fluorides, water supplies and to a variety of dental products, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine have been found in including toothpastes and mouth rinses to prevent at least 188 of the 1,636 current or former NPL dental cavities. (cdc.gov)
  • The company manufactured toothpaste and laundry products. (cdc.gov)
  • Mint-flavoured products such as toothpaste frequently contain carvone. (lu.se)
  • Kids found mint toothpastes "too spicy," so she focused on natural fruit flavors. (tomsofmaine.com)
  • Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste offers a pleasant taste, contains fluoride to protect against cavitites, and cleans very well. (viewpoints.com)
  • Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste eliminates the problem. (viewpoints.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The patients were recommended to avoid the use of mint-flavoured snuffs, toothpaste and foodstuffs. (lu.se)
  • Dr. Bronner's toothpaste contains no synthetic detergent foaming agents or preservatives! (gourmetgarage.com)
  • Therefore, even though the toothpaste is not harmful, we do not recommend using it. (colgate.com)
  • The FDA still allows the harmful compound to be used in toothpaste and the EPA hasn't taken action to get rid of triclosan in other consumer goods. (pirg.org)
  • Actually, it's toothpaste but there's no color or flavor added, making this 2.5 oz. tube as close to nothing as possible while still being something. (geekalerts.com)
  • I was happy to have decreased sensitivity, but I was very unhappy with the flavor of this toothpaste. (viewpoints.com)
  • At similar fluoride concentrations, toothpastes containing stannous fluoride have been shown to be more effective than toothpastes containing sodium fluoride for reducing the incidence of dental caries and dental erosion, as well as reducing gingivitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This "natural" gel toothpaste contains sodium fluoride, hydrated silica, glycerin, and sodium lauryl sulfate. (oramd.com)
  • Toothpaste contains 1 mg/g of fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate. (medscape.com)
  • Tooth brushing at least once a day using fluoridated toothpaste resulted in less dental caries in children and adolescents where tooth brushing twice a day yielded even greater benefit (7). (who.int)
  • Most dog toothpastes clean stains and plaque, and there are some also specifically designed to combat bad breath, containing enzymes that reduce bacteria, diminishing the build-up of tartar, and hence bad breath. (horseandhound.co.uk)
  • Owing to differences in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Take care of the planet and your smile with this biodegradable,fluoride toothpaste with 96% natural origin content. (ashland.com)
  • Fluoride in various forms is the most popular and effective active ingredient in toothpaste to prevent cavities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxic triclosan in toothpaste? (pirg.org)
  • But not all are getting rid of triclosan, and a lot of people don't even know what triclosan is, let alone know to check to see if their toothpaste has triclosan in it. (pirg.org)
  • Consult with your dentist before using fluoride toothpaste for children younger than 2. (deltadental.com)
  • For children younger than 2, consult first with your doctor or dentist regarding the use of fluoride toothpaste. (cdc.gov)
  • The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toothpastes containing fluoride are effective at preventing tooth decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • it has an unusual taste but protects against tooth decay much better than other "novelty toothpastes. (japantrendshop.com)
  • This advanced dual-enzyme toothpaste combines two enzymes which fight plaque, bacteria and tartar build-up, to prevent bad breath and tooth decay. (horseandhound.co.uk)
  • Concentrations of fluoride in toothpaste sold in the United States range from 1,000-1,500 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • A former airline security chief anticipated that the threat will prompt authorities in the United States and Europe to clamp down on toothpaste and cosmetics. (cnn.com)
  • Use of parabens in toothpaste and cosmetics has to be stopped immediately, states a caution notice issued by the ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution issued on August 16. (deccanchronicle.com)
  • Many human toothpastes contain an artificial sweetener, Xylitol, that is toxic to dogs, and our toothpaste is not designed to be swallowed (anyone trained their dog to spit? (horseandhound.co.uk)
  • There's no scientific evidence, however, that toothpaste effectively or safely removes skin tags. (healthline.com)
  • Abrasion Behavior of Different Charcoal Toothpastes on Human Dentin When Using Electric Toothbrushes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Toothpastes are derived from a variety of components, the three main ones being abrasives, fluoride, and detergent. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a new study from the Athlone Institute of Technology in Ireland, scientists compared the effects of coconut oil versus toothpaste inside the mouth. (lifehack.org)
  • Domestic business grew 5.4%, with toothpaste delivering high single-digit growth despite a sluggish environment. (indiatimes.com)
  • Toothpastes are generally useful to maintain dental health. (wikipedia.org)
  • People use toothpaste for all sorts of health-related purposes, from shrinking pimples to treating bug bites. (healthline.com)
  • One reason that natural toothpaste has become a veritable hotbed of discussion recently is that there has been a distinct rise in awareness of the links between diseases of the mouth and other serious health conditions that affect the entire body. (oramd.com)
  • The use of affordable fluoridated toothpaste has been recognized and advised as a source of fluoride intake especially at low income countries and where national preventive oral health interventions are lacking (6). (who.int)
  • But it would be so much simpler if you could use a product you already have on hand, like toothpaste, to get rid of that skin tag. (healthline.com)
  • The Formulation Chemist who developed the product, Pam Scheeler, still works for Tom's, and we thought it would be fun to take a look back at how the product came to be and what special considerations were taken when developing, what is now, the #1 Natural Toothpaste for Kids! (tomsofmaine.com)
  • Did it ever occur to you that the least expensive and least painful option might be found in using a natural toothpaste replacement? (oramd.com)
  • They found that there are certain advantages that go along with swapping your old toothpaste for a spoonful of coconut oil. (lifehack.org)
  • Tom's of Maine's Natural Silly Stawberry Fluoride Toothpaste for Children is celebrating its 25th Birthday! (tomsofmaine.com)
  • Conclusions: Guardians were unaware of the proper age to introduce toothpaste and of the risks of developing fluorosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We use soap on our hands-but toothpaste goes in our mouths. (pirg.org)
  • Natural toothpaste is a great deal more complicated than it sounds. (oramd.com)
  • Pam and Kate were both moms and kept hearing people clamoring for a natural fluoride toothpaste for kids. (tomsofmaine.com)
  • Tom's had been making effective, great tasting natural toothpastes for adults, so the challenge was transferring that knowledge to something kids would love. (tomsofmaine.com)
  • Using Tom's natural standards in place since 1970-no artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives-Pam went to work finding a toothpaste kids would want to use! (tomsofmaine.com)
  • To learn more about the #1 Natural Toothpaste for Kids, visit our website . (tomsofmaine.com)