Myasthenia Gravis
Thymoma
Oophoritis
Thymus Hyperplasia
Thymus Gland
Pyridostigmine Bromide
Autoimmune Diseases
Thoracic Duct
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
Picryl Chloride
Thyroiditis
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture
T-Lymphocytes
Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. (1/762)
A key question in understanding the status of the immune system in HIV-1 infection is whether the adult thymus contributes to reconstitution of peripheral T lymphocytes. We analyzed the thymus in adult patients who died of HIV-1 infection. In addition, we studied the clinical course of HIV-1 infection in three patients thymectomized for myasthenia gravis and determined the effect of antiretroviral therapy on CD4(+) T cells. We found that five of seven patients had thymus tissue at autopsy and that all thymuses identified had inflammatory infiltrates surrounding lymphodepleted thymic epithelium. Two of seven patients also had areas of thymopoiesis; one of these patients had peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell levels of <50/mm3 for 51 months prior to death. Of three thymectomized patients, one rapidly progressed to AIDS, one progressed to AIDS over seven years (normal progressor), whereas the third remains asymptomatic at least seven years after seroconversion. Both latter patients had rises in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells after antiretroviral therapy. Most patients who died of complications of HIV-1 infection did not have functional thymus tissue, and when present, thymopoiesis did not prevent prolonged lymphopenia. Thymectomy before HIV-1 infection did not preclude either peripheral CD4(+) T-cell rises or clinical responses after antiretroviral therapy. (+info)Peripheral autoantigen induces regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmunity. (2/762)
Previous studies have shown that autoimmune thyroiditis can be induced in normal laboratory rats after thymectomy and split dose gamma-irradiation. Development of disease can be prevented by reconstitution of PVG rats shortly after their final irradiation with either peripheral CD4(+)CD45RC- T cells or CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes from syngeneic donors. Although the activity of both populations is known to depend on the activities of endogenously produced interleukin 4 and transforming growth factor beta, implying a common mechanism, the issue of antigen specificity of the cells involved has not yet been addressed. In this study, we show that the regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmune thyroiditis are generated in vivo only when the relevant autoantigen is also present. Peripheral CD4(+) T cells, from rats whose thyroids were ablated in utero by treatment with 131I, were unable to prevent disease development upon adoptive transfer into thymectomized and irradiated recipients. This regulatory deficit is specific for thyroid autoimmunity, since CD4(+) T cells from 131I-treated PVG.RT1(u) rats were as effective as those from normal donors at preventing diabetes in thymectomized and irradiated PVG.RT1(u) rats. Significantly, in contrast to the peripheral CD4(+) T cells, CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes from 131I-treated PVG donors were still able to prevent thyroiditis upon adoptive transfer. Taken together, these data indicate that it is the peripheral autoantigen itself that stimulates the generation of the appropriate regulatory cells from thymic emigrant precursors. (+info)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue conjugates with strong selective antitumor activity. (3/762)
Conjugation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues GnRH-III, MI-1544, and MI-1892 through lysyl side chains and a tetrapeptide spacer, Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly (X) to a copolymer, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-maleic acid) (P) caused increased antiproliferative activity toward MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast, PC3 and LNCaP prostate, and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell lines in culture and against tumor development by xenografts of the breast cancer cells in immunodeficient mice. MCF-7 cells treated with P-X-1544 and P-X-1892 displayed characteristic signs of apoptosis, including vacuoles in the cytoplasm, rounding up, apoptotic bodies, bleb formation, and DNA fragmentation. Conjugates, but not free peptides, inhibited cdc25 phosphatase and caused accumulation of Ishikawa and PC3 cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle after 24 h at lower doses and in the G1 and G2 phases after 48 h. Since P-X-peptides appear to be internalized, the increased cytotoxicity of the conjugates is attributed to protection of peptides from proteolysis, enhanced interaction of the peptides with the GnRH receptors, and/or internalization of P-X-peptide receptor complexes so that P can exert toxic effects inside, possibly by inhibiting enzymes involved in the cell cycle. The additional specificity of P-X-peptides compared with free peptides for direct antiproliferative effects on the cancer cells but not for interactions in the pituitary indicates the therapeutic potential of the conjugates. (+info)Congenital myasthenia gravis: clinical and HLA studies in two brothers. (4/762)
Two brothers with congenital myasthenia gravis are described. In both, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia responded poorly to oral anticholinesterase therapy and to thymectomy. The brothers had two different HLA haplotypes and neither had the HLA-A1-B8-DW3 haplotypes which are commonly associated with myathenia gravis in adult-onset cases. (+info)The value of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a computer-assisted matched study. (5/762)
In the absence of a prospective randomized study of patients treated conservatively or with thymectomy, a computer-assisted retrospective matches study was devised. Of 563 patients treated for myasthenia gravis without thymoma up to 1965, 104 had thymectomy. With computer assistance, each surgical patient was matched with a medical patient on the basis of age, sex, and severity and duration of disease. On this basis 80 of the 104 surgical patients could be matched satisfactorily. There were 16 males and 64 females in each of the matched surgically treated and medical control groups. A complete remission was experienced by 27 of the 78 patients in the surgical group as compared to 6 of the medical group. Improvement was noted by 26 of 78 surgically treated patients and 13 of 78 receiving medical treatment. Survival for patients having thymectomy. Thirty-four patients in the medical group had died as compared to 11 in the surgical group. Comparison of survival in relation to sex, duration of symptoms, or age (less than 30 or less than 30 years) did not show a significant difference. Until more effective treatment is available for myasthenia gravis, thymectomy deserves consideration for both sexes, and with increased age or long duration of symptoms. (+info)Survival of naive CD4 T cells: roles of restricting versus selecting MHC class II and cytokine milieu. (6/762)
The diversity of naive CD4 T cells plays an important role in the adaptive immune response by ensuring the capability of responding to novel pathogens. In the past, it has been generally accepted that naive CD4 T cells are intrinsically long-lived; however, there have been studies suggesting some CD4 T cells are short-lived. In this report, we identify two populations of naive CD4 T cells: a long-lived population as well as a short-lived population. In addition, we identify two factors that contribute to the establishment of long-lived naive CD4 T cells. We confirm earlier findings that MHC class II interaction with the TCR on CD4 T cells is important for survival. Furthermore, we find that MHC class II alleles with the correct restriction element for Ag presentation mediate the peripheral survival of naive CD4 T cells more efficiently than other positively selecting alleles, regardless of the selecting MHC in the thymus. The second component contributing to the survival of naive CD4 T cells is contact with the cytokines IL-4 and IL-7. We find that the physiological levels of IL-4 and IL-7 serve to enhance the MHC class II-mediated survival of naive CD4 T cells in vivo. (+info)Invasive thymoma with long-term survival by extensive reoperation. (7/762)
The recurrence of invasive thymoma is often observed; however, no accepted treatment of recurrent invasive thymoma has yet been established. We herein report a 41-year-old woman with invasive thymoma and pleural dissemination who demonstrated long-term survival after undergoing 4 operations. Based on our findings, reoperation is thus suggested in patients with intrathoracic recurrence and long-term survival can be expected. (+info)The effect of graft-versus-host disease on T cell production and homeostasis. (8/762)
The aim of this work was to decipher how graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) affects T cell production and homeostasis. In GVHD+ mice, thymic output was decreased fourfold relative to normal mice, but was sufficient to maintain a T cell repertoire with normal diversity in terms of Vbeta usage. Lymphoid hypoplasia in GVHD+ mice was caused mainly by a lessened expansion of the peripheral postthymic T cell compartment. In 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments, resident T cells in the spleen of GVHD+ mice showed a normal turnover rate (proliferation and half-life). When transferred into thymectomized GVHD- secondary hosts, T cells from GVHD+ mice expanded normally. In contrast, normal T cells failed to expand when injected into GVHD+ mice. Thus, the reduced size of the postthymic compartment in GVHD+ mice was not due to an intrinsic lymphocyte defect, but to an extrinsic microenvironment abnormality. We suggest that this extrinsic anomaly is consistent with a reduced number of functional peripheral T cell niches. Therefore, our results show that GVHD-associated T cell hypoplasia is largely caused by a perturbed homeostasis of the peripheral compartment. Furthermore, they suggest that damage to the microenvironment of secondary lymphoid organs may represent an heretofore unrecognized cause of acquired T cell hypoplasia. (+info)Thymectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thymus gland. The thymus gland is a part of the immune system located in the upper chest, behind the sternum (breastbone), and above the heart. It is responsible for producing white blood cells called T-lymphocytes, which help fight infections.
Thymectomy is often performed as a treatment option for patients with certain medical conditions, such as:
* Myasthenia gravis: an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue. In some cases, the thymus gland may contain abnormal cells that contribute to the development of myasthenia gravis. Removing the thymus gland can help improve symptoms in some patients with this condition.
* Thymomas: tumors that develop in the thymus gland. While most thymomas are benign (non-cancerous), some can be malignant (cancerous) and may require surgical removal.
* Myasthenic syndrome: a group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, similar to myasthenia gravis. In some cases, the thymus gland may be abnormal and contribute to the development of these conditions. Removing the thymus gland can help improve symptoms in some patients.
Thymectomy can be performed using various surgical approaches, including open surgery (through a large incision in the chest), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS, using small incisions and a camera to guide the procedure), or robotic-assisted surgery (using a robot to perform the procedure through small incisions). The choice of surgical approach depends on several factors, including the size and location of the thymus gland, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's expertise.
Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that leads to muscle weakness. It occurs when communication between nerves and muscles is disrupted at the nerve endings, resulting in fewer impulses being transmitted to activate the muscles. This results in muscle weakness and rapid fatigue. The condition can affect any voluntary muscle, but it most commonly affects muscles of the eyes, face, throat, and limbs. Symptoms may include drooping eyelids (ptosis), double vision (diplopia), difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, and weakness in the arms and legs. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, ranging from mild to life-threatening.
The disorder is caused by an abnormal immune system response that produces antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. These antibodies block or destroy the receptors, which leads to a decrease in the number of available receptors for nerve impulses to activate the muscle fibers.
Myasthenia Gravis can be treated with medications that improve communication between nerves and muscles, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, and plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to remove the harmful antibodies from the blood. With proper treatment, many people with Myasthenia Gravis can lead normal or nearly normal lives.
Thymoma is a type of tumor that originates from the thymus gland, which is a part of the immune system located in the chest behind the breastbone. Thymomas are typically slow-growing and often do not cause any symptoms until they have grown quite large or spread to other parts of the body.
Thymomas can be classified into different types based on their appearance under a microscope, such as type A, AB, B1, B2, and B3. These classifications are important because they can help predict how aggressive the tumor is likely to be and how it should be treated.
Symptoms of thymoma may include cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the face or neck. Thymomas can also be associated with autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis, which affects muscle strength and mobility. Treatment for thymoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, often followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to help prevent recurrence.
Thymus neoplasms are abnormal growths in the thymus gland that result from uncontrolled cell division. The term "neoplasm" refers to any new and abnormal growth of tissue, also known as a tumor. Thymus neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous).
Malignant thymus neoplasms are called thymomas or thymic carcinomas. Thymomas are the most common type and tend to grow slowly, invading nearby tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Thymic carcinomas are rarer and more aggressive, growing and spreading more quickly than thymomas.
Symptoms of thymus neoplasms may include coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the neck or upper chest. Treatment options for thymus neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Oophoritis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of one or both ovaries. It is often caused by an infection, which can be bacterial, viral, or fungal in nature. The infection can spread to the ovaries from other parts of the reproductive system, such as the fallopian tubes or the uterus.
Oophoritis can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, abdominal cramping, irregular menstrual bleeding, and fever. In some cases, it may lead to complications such as infertility or chronic pelvic pain. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection, as well as pain relief medications and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage symptoms.
It is important to note that oophoritis can be a serious condition, especially if left untreated. If you are experiencing any symptoms of oophoritis, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
Thymus hyperplasia is a condition where the thymus gland, which is a part of the immune system located in the upper chest beneath the breastbone, becomes enlarged due to an increase in the number of cells. This is different from a tumor, where there is an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or cancerous.
Thymus hyperplasia can be classified into two types: true hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia. True hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of thymic epithelial cells, while lymphoid hyperplasia is an increase in the number of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) within the thymus gland.
Thymus hyperplasia can occur as a result of various factors, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and certain medications. In some cases, it may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies or other medical tests. However, in other cases, it may cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and swallowing.
Treatment for thymus hyperplasia depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, while in others, medications or surgery may be required.
The thymus gland is an essential organ of the immune system, located in the upper chest, behind the sternum and surrounding the heart. It's primarily active until puberty and begins to shrink in size and activity thereafter. The main function of the thymus gland is the production and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T-cells), which are crucial for cell-mediated immunity, helping to protect the body from infection and cancer.
The thymus gland provides a protected environment where immune cells called pre-T cells develop into mature T cells. During this process, they learn to recognize and respond appropriately to foreign substances while remaining tolerant to self-tissues, which is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases.
Additionally, the thymus gland produces hormones like thymosin that regulate immune cell activities and contribute to the overall immune response.
Pyridostigmine Bromide is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as cholinesterase inhibitors. It is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue.
Pyridostigmine works by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for muscle contraction. By preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, pyridostigmine helps to increase its levels at the neuromuscular junction, thereby improving muscle strength and function.
The bromide salt form of pyridostigmine is commonly used because it is more soluble in water, which makes it easier to administer orally as a liquid or tablet. The medication's effects typically last for several hours, and its dosage may be adjusted based on the patient's response and any side effects experienced.
Common side effects of pyridostigmine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased salivation, sweating, and muscle cramps. In some cases, higher doses of the medication can lead to more severe side effects such as respiratory distress, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients closely while they are taking pyridostigmine and adjust the dosage as necessary to minimize side effects and optimize treatment outcomes.
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the immune system, which normally protects the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues. This results in inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues in the body.
In autoimmune diseases, the body produces autoantibodies that target its own proteins or cell receptors, leading to their destruction or malfunction. The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood, but it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to their development.
There are over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific autoimmune disease and the organs or tissues affected. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and suppressing the immune system to prevent further damage.
Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted through a small incision between the ribs to examine the lungs and pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). It allows the surgeon to directly view the chest cavity, take biopsies, and perform various operations. This procedure is often used in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions, lung cancer, and other chest conditions.
A sternotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision through the sternum, also known as the breastbone. This type of incision allows surgeons to access the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs. Sternotomies are often performed during open-heart surgery or other procedures that require access to the heart or major blood vessels. After the procedure, the sternum is typically wired or stapled back together to allow for proper healing.
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the human body. It is a part of the lymphatic system, which helps to regulate fluid balance and immune function. The thoracic duct originates from the cisterna chyli, a dilated sac located in the abdomen near the aorta.
The thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower extremities, abdomen, pelvis, and left side of the thorax (chest). It ascends through the diaphragm and enters the chest, where it passes through the mediastinum (the central part of the chest between the lungs) and eventually drains into the left subclavian vein.
The thoracic duct plays a crucial role in transporting lymphatic fluid, which contains white blood cells, fats, proteins, and other substances, back into the circulatory system. Any obstruction or damage to the thoracic duct can lead to lymph accumulation in the surrounding tissues, causing swelling and other symptoms.
Thoracic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat various conditions related to the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, esophagus, and diaphragm. In VATS, a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope with a camera and light source, is inserted through small incisions in the chest wall to provide visualization of the internal structures. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as biopsies, lung resections, or esophageal repairs. Compared to traditional open thoracic surgery, VATS typically results in less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recoveries for patients.
Picryl Chloride, also known as 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl Chloride, is not a medical term. It is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2Cl3O6. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is used in organic synthesis and as a reagent for detecting nucleophiles.
Picryl Chloride is highly reactive and can cause severe burns and eye damage. It is also an explosive compound, and should be handled with care. It is not typically used in medical contexts, but may come up in discussions of chemical safety or laboratory procedures.
Thyroiditis is a general term that refers to inflammation of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or medications. Depending on the cause and severity, thyroiditis may lead to overproduction (hyperthyroidism) or underproduction (hypothyroidism) of thyroid hormones, or it can result in a temporary or permanent loss of thyroid function.
There are several types of thyroiditis, including:
1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis - an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks and damages the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
2. Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis) - often follows a viral infection and results in painful inflammation of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism.
3. Silent thyroiditis - an autoimmune disorder similar to Hashimoto's thyroiditis but without symptoms like pain or tenderness; it can cause temporary hyperthyroidism and later hypothyroidism.
4. Postpartum thyroiditis - occurs in women after childbirth, causing inflammation of the thyroid gland leading to hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism.
5. Acute suppurative thyroiditis - a rare bacterial infection that causes painful swelling and redness of the thyroid gland, usually requiring antibiotics for treatment.
Symptoms of thyroiditis depend on whether it leads to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism symptoms include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety, and tremors. Hypothyroidism symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, and depression. Treatment varies depending on the type of thyroiditis and its severity.
"Newborn animals" refers to the very young offspring of animals that have recently been born. In medical terminology, newborns are often referred to as "neonates," and they are classified as such from birth until about 28 days of age. During this time period, newborn animals are particularly vulnerable and require close monitoring and care to ensure their survival and healthy development.
The specific needs of newborn animals can vary widely depending on the species, but generally, they require warmth, nutrition, hydration, and protection from harm. In many cases, newborns are unable to regulate their own body temperature or feed themselves, so they rely heavily on their mothers for care and support.
In medical settings, newborn animals may be examined and treated by veterinarians to ensure that they are healthy and receiving the care they need. This can include providing medical interventions such as feeding tubes, antibiotics, or other treatments as needed to address any health issues that arise. Overall, the care and support of newborn animals is an important aspect of animal medicine and conservation efforts.
The Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture is a veterinary anesthetic agent, which contains two active ingredients: alfaxalone and alfadolone. Both are neuroactive steroids that depress the central nervous system, leading to sedation, muscle relaxation, and eventually anesthesia.
The mixture is used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in various animal species, including dogs, cats, and horses. It provides smooth induction and rapid recovery from anesthesia, making it a popular choice among veterinarians. However, as with any anesthetic agent, there are potential risks and side effects associated with its use, such as respiratory depression, cardiovascular depression, and apnea. Proper dosing, monitoring, and management are essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of this anesthetic agent in veterinary medicine.
T-lymphocytes, also known as T-cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the adaptive immune system's response to infection. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. There are several different types of T-cells, including CD4+ helper T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, and regulatory T-cells (Tregs).
CD4+ helper T-cells assist in activating other immune cells, such as B-lymphocytes and macrophages. They also produce cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response. CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells directly kill infected cells by releasing toxic substances. Regulatory T-cells help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases by suppressing the activity of other immune cells.
T-lymphocytes are important in the immune response to viral infections, cancer, and other diseases. Dysfunction or depletion of T-cells can lead to immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections. On the other hand, an overactive T-cell response can contribute to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.
Thymectomy
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Thymoma with immunodeficiency
Thymus
List of -ectomies
Morvan's syndrome
Autoimmune oophoritis
Roberto Paganelli
T helper cell
Neuron
Lymphocyte T-cell immunomodulator
Jacques Miller
J. Bart Classen
Diana Beck
Neuromuscular junction disease
Thymoma
Mary Broadfoot Walker
Cervical thymic cyst
Arvind Kumar (surgeon)
Mixed lymphocyte reaction
The Hippocratic Crush
List of MeSH codes (E04)
John Newsom-Davis
ICD-9-CM Volume 3
Myasthenia gravis
Spin (House)
Ocular myasthenia
Thymectomy - Wikipedia
"Thoracic Techniques: Robotic Thymectomy for Thymoma" by Shaun...
Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thymectomy | Main Line Health
Difficult Management of a Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube and Difficult Ventilation during Robotic Thymectomy with Carbon...
Predictors of outcome in thymectomy patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalised myasthenia gravis
Post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis: a case report and systematic review of literature | BMJ Case Reports
Correction: Post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis: a case report and systematic review of literature | BMJ Case Reports
Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics (Volume 29-2) (The Clinics: Surgery, Volume 29-2) by...
Thymectomy | Profiles RNS
Thymectomy and MG
Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy: Overview, Etiology, Impact in Pregnancy
Best Thymectomy Surgeons in United Arab Emirates, Top 10 Thymectomy Doctors in United Arab Emirates
Sub-acute presentation of Morvan's syndrome after thymectomy. - Oxford Neuroscience
Thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: Cochrane systematic review | Cochrane Abstracts
Point Counter-Point: Thymectomy in Ocular Myasthenia Gravis<...
Long-term outcome of thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis
Thymectomy eases symptoms in all myasthenia gravis types: Study | Myasthenia Gravis News
Wedge Resection of the Lung and Thymectomy by Thoracoscopy | Journal of Medical Insight
Marco Scarci - Uniportal VATS SILS Thymectomy 2 of 2 - Video 32 | Dr. Marco Scarci
"Comparative clinical outcomes after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: " by S. Siwachat, A. Tantraworasin et al.
Thymectomy in black children with juvenile myasthenia gravis. - The Oxford University Global Surgery Group (OUGSG)
Thymectomy in black children with juvenile myasthenia gravis. - The Oxford University Global Surgery Group (OUGSG)
"Adult thymectomy promotes the manifestation of autoreactive lymphocyte" by C Carnaud, J Charreire et al.
"Effect of neonatal thymectomy on hemopoietic tissue in mice." by P Resnitzky, D Zipori et al.
ArboCat Virus: Tacaribe (TCRV)
Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy: Overview, Etiology, Impact in Pregnancy
About the Heart & Vascular Institute | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Myasthenia Gravis | MG | MedlinePlus
Thoracic Anesthesiology - Anesthesiology | UCLA Health
Sudish Murthy, MD, PhD | Cleveland ClinicThymus gland4
- Thymectomy-a surgical procedure that removes thymus gland tissue from the chest cavity-has been an established therapy for non-thymomatous MG, or MG without thymoma, for more than 60 years (based on retrospective, non-randomized studies). (nih.gov)
- The study followed 68 patients for up to five years after undergoing thymectomy, the surgical removal of the thymus gland. (buffalo.edu)
- A thymectomy is a surgery to take out your thymus gland, which is a small organ under your sternum. (mskcc.org)
- In Alexis' case, Kandil was able to use robotic thymectomy to remove the tumor from her thymus gland. (wkbw.com)
Myasthenia22
- Both transsternal and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approaches are used for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. (nih.gov)
- Thymectomy is a treatment for myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- For about 60% of people with myasthenia gravis, thymectomy significantly improves their symptoms of muscle weakness. (wikipedia.org)
- In about 30% of cases, thymectomy results in permanent remission of myasthenia gravis, negating the need for any additional medication. (wikipedia.org)
- In some people, thymectomy does not alleviate any symptoms of myasthenia gravis. (wikipedia.org)
- Does Thymectomy Benefit Patients With Myasthenia Gravis? (medscape.com)
- For several decades, thymectomy has been an option for the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a rare, long-term, autoimmune neuromuscular disease. (medscape.com)
- To identify the variables that predict disease outcome (measured by Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Post Intervention Status/MGFA-PIS) in adult patients with ACRA- positive generalized MG that underwent thymectomy and who had been followed-up for at least 2 years following thymectomy. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- however, thymectomies lead to a reduction of symptoms in nearly 85% of patients with myasthenia gravis without identifiable thymus abnormalities. (medscape.com)
- Individual reaction to thymectomy differs depending on the patient's age, reaction to prior medical therapy, the severity of the ailment and for how long the patient has suffered myasthenia gravis. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Thymectomy is suggested for all patients with thymomas and for patients below 60 years who have mild to moderate muscle feebleness because of myasthenia gravis. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Thymectomy usually is not used for treating patients with myasthenia gravis that mars only their eyes. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Thymectomy in black children with juvenile myasthenia gravis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Objectives This article describes the clinical outcomes after thymectomy in patients with thymomatous myasthenia gravis (T-MG) managed in the department of thoracic surgery of Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco. (ruralneuropractice.com)
- Complete thymectomy (Thx) is a crucial part of treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG) and thymoma. (wiley.com)
- Thymectomy is a common surgical procedure in patients with myasthenia gravis. (ispub.com)
- Thymectomy is the commonest surgery done for patients with Myasthenia Gravis. (ispub.com)
- Myasthenia Gravis: Who Really Benefits From Thymectomy? (medscape.com)
- Further research is needed to determine the value of long-term plasma exchange for treating myasthenia gravis and to compare plasma exchange with alternative short-term treatments for myasthenic crisis or before thymectomy in both types of autoimmune myasthenia. (cochrane.org)
- Determinants of Suboptimal Outcome Following Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis. (cdc.gov)
- Despite the occasional Lazarus-like response to anticholinesterase drugs, it must be remembered that it typically takes months for myasthenia to be brought under adequate control with immunosuppression (or thymectomy in those who respond), and the clinician may have unreasonable expectations, which are passed on to the patient. (bmj.com)
- Find out how a thymectomy can help people with myasthenia gravis. (myaware.org)
Underwent thymectomy3
- When you look at minimal manifestation rates in patients who underwent thymectomy, they are pretty much the highest reported for any population of MG patients after five to seven years of focused management," Wolfe says. (buffalo.edu)
- A retrospective cohort of patients who underwent thymectomy for thymomas of 5 cm or larger at the National Cancer Institute (INCan) of México from January 2005 to December 2016 was analyzed. (amegroups.com)
- Eight patients underwent thymectomy from January 2003 to October 2005, who were not considered to be difficult intubation, did not have pre-existing pulmonary disease and were not in crisis or in need of preoperative ventilatory support were enrolled for the study. (ispub.com)
Thymoma4
- Thymectomy is indicated when thymoma are present in the thymus. (wikipedia.org)
- Anecdotal evidence suggests MG patients with no evidence of thymoma may still benefit from thymectomy. (wikipedia.org)
- Three fatal cases of possible YEL-AVD among young thymectomies secondary to thymoma ( 5 ) are recognized women reported in VAERS were excluded from the Table as groups at risk for YEL-AVD. (cdc.gov)
- Thymectomy should be performed in all patients with thymoma. (acpinternist.org)
Neonatal thymectomy5
- Effect of neonatal thymectomy on ovarian development and plasma lh, fs" by S D. Michael, O Taguchi et al. (jax.org)
- Effect of neonatal thymectomy on ovarian development and plasma lh, fsh, gh and prl in the mouse. (jax.org)
- Neonatal thymectomy of MRL/lpr mice led to marked reduction in the usual massive lymphadenopathy as well as significant reduction in antibodies to native DNA and prolonged survival. (aai.org)
- In contrast, neonatal thymectomy of NZB X NZW F1 mice led to accelerated disease. (aai.org)
- Thus, neonatal thymectomy had no effect on the TCDD-elicited reduction of TdT or RAG-1 mRNAs or TdT biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
Morbidity and morta1
- Primary end-points were rate of complete resection, morbidity and mortality of thymectomy. (amegroups.com)
Mediastinal1
- Because of suspected mediastinitis based on fat stranding and multiple prominent mediastinal lymph nodes documented on a CT scan, a sternotomy was carried out with mediastinal debridement, thymectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy as well as an explorative left cervicotomy with medio-jugular lymphadenectomy. (springer.com)
Undergone thymectomy1
- Patients who had undergone thymectomy needed about one-third less prednisone to control their disease and also had improved disease outcomes. (buffalo.edu)
Patients12
- We do hope that the new findings help reverse the apparent reluctance to do thymectomy and that the proportion of patients with MG who undergo thymectomy will increase. (buffalo.edu)
- The paper describes the results of an extension study of a subset of MG patients who were involved in MGTX, an international trial published previously that definitively confirmed the benefit of thymectomy even in MG patients without a chest tumor. (buffalo.edu)
- The assumption was that after that, the rates of improvement would be identical between patients who had had a thymectomy and those who had not. (buffalo.edu)
- Significantly more patients who had thymectomy were able to achieve this minimal manifestation status than those who hadn't. (buffalo.edu)
- The other 30% of patients who have thymectomy experience no transformation in their symptoms. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Patients who have thymectomy are two times more prone to experience remission as those who have medical treatment unaccompanied via a good thymectomy surgeon in Delhi. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Better results were noted in young patients with early thymectomy and diseased glands. (ox.ac.uk)
- At 3 years of follow-up after thymectomy, 6 patients had complete stable remission and the other 10 patients improved. (ruralneuropractice.com)
- Conclusion The present study shows the beneficial effect of thymectomy in patients with T-MG. Postoperative clinical outcomes seem to be better when the preoperative severity of myasthenic symptoms is mild (MGFA class II). (ruralneuropractice.com)
- This technique was safe and effective in all of our 8 patients who underwent trans-sternal thymectomy. (ispub.com)
- In general, MG centers have developed protocols for the care of MG patients and have a team of neurologists, surgeons, pulmonologists, intensivists and respiratory care specialists, nurses and anesthesiologists caring for MG patients undergoing thymectomy. (ispub.com)
- Plasma exchange may be indicated in patients with acute exacerbation of neuromuscular weakness with bulbar or respiratory compromise, preoperative optimization prior to thymectomy, and postoperative deterioration following thymectomy or other surgical procedures. (umn.edu)
Autoimmune1
- Effects of thymectomy or androgen administration upon the autoimmune disease of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. (aai.org)
20191
- My daughter had a thymectomy in 2019 at 21. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Robotic surgical system2
- One hundred six consecutive robotic-assisted thymectomies (rThx) with the da Vinci robotic surgical system were performed between January 2003 and April 2007 in a prospective single-center study. (wiley.com)
- Dr. Kandil is a pioneer in performing thyroidectomy and thymectomy using a robotic surgical system that provides a detailed 3-D magnified view of the anatomy around the glands, enabling him to perform precise surgery through a single incision. (wkbw.com)
Surgery3
- Video-assisted approaches, such as thoracoscopic surgery, are increasingly prescribed since the less invasive nature of the procedure strikes a balance with the lack of actual clinical evidence supporting thymectomy in non-thymomal cases. (wikipedia.org)
- Robotic surgery is a much less invasive alternative to traditional open thoracotomy, lobectomy, and thymectomy surgeries. (northside.com)
- Other robotic thymectomies are performed through incisions through the chest between the ribs which can be painful and requires special care of the lungs during the surgery. (wkbw.com)
Clinical1
- This randomized clinical trial, carried out in 67 centers located in 18 countries, provides results indicating that thymectomy not only improves clinical outcomes but also reduces the amount of prednisone required for patient support. (medscape.com)
Immunosuppression1
- Treatment usually involves treatment of underlying cause and in some cases thymectomy or immunosuppression. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurologist2
- I'm curious as well since the neurologist recommended I get a thymectomy. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
- Your neurologist and thymectomy surgeon in Delhi will guide you in making a decision about the kind of thymectomy you should undergo. (drpramojjindal.com)
Transsternal1
- The purpose of this 5-year trial is to determine if the surgical procedure, extended transsternal thymectomy (ETTX), combined with prednisone therapy is more beneficial in treating individuals with non-thymomatous MG than prednisone therapy alone. (nih.gov)
Thymomas1
- Furthermore, the analysis of disease recurrence and overall survival (OS) can be challenging because of the long (nearly 10-year) disease-free intervals seen after thymectomy for thymomas ( 4 ). (amegroups.com)
Surgeries1
- List of surgeries by type Scholia has a topic profile for Thymectomy. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors2
- Novel T regulatory cells come of age: The curious incident of a mouse in Tennessee, delayed thymectomy and chimeric receptors! (usuhs.edu)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Novel T regulatory cells come of age: The curious incident of a mouse in Tennessee, delayed thymectomy and chimeric receptors! (usuhs.edu)
Symptoms3
- The objective of a thymectomy is to confiscate the source of uncharacteristic antibody production instigating the disease thus resulting in resolution of symptoms. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Thymectomy seems to be most effective when it is implemented six to 6-12 months after the commencement of symptoms. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Results There were 11 women and 5 men with a median age of 40 years at the thymectomy time and a median time of onset of symptoms to thymectomy of 12 months. (ruralneuropractice.com)
Surgical procedure1
- Improvements in condition as a result of thymectomy are often delayed, typically occurring one or two years after the surgical procedure, though could be as late as five years. (wikipedia.org)
Reduction1
- Learning that thymectomy results in a meaningful reduction of prednisone dosage or even full withdrawal or reduces side effects related to prednisone would support using the two treatments-thymectomy and prednisone-together. (nih.gov)
Treatment4
- To find out, Wolfe and colleagues conducted a large, multicenter, randomized trial comparing conventional prednisone treatment (n = 60) with prednisone plus thymectomy (n = 66). (medscape.com)
- Corticosteroids are now being used increasingly either as the sole treatment or in combination with thymectomy. (nih.gov)
- It is imperative to speak to your doctor early in your diagnosis about thymectomy as a choice for treatment. (drpramojjindal.com)
- Treatment of MG may be medical or surgical, utilizing one of three approaches: anticholinesterases (medical), immune suppression (medical), or thymectomy (surgical). (ispub.com)
Results1
- There presently is no scientific substantiation that proves one kind of thymectomy is superior to the other in terms of results. (drpramojjindal.com)
Prednisone1
- I was diagnosed at 15 and had thymectomy due to extremely large thymus I had many post op complications Dr resorted to prostigmin every 3 hours and 100 mg of prednisone a day the prognosis was grim but I amazed them all by 21 I was a respiratory therapist I am 62 and only take 5 mg a prednisone a day. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Diagnosis1
- I was suffering whiplash, after going 5 years trying to get help with her, they went straight from diagnosis to thymectomy, not even trying IVIg or biologics. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Median2
Retrospective1
- In prior retrospective studies, there was skepticism that the impact of thymectomy would persist beyond three to four years," Wolfe says. (buffalo.edu)
Mice1
- Experiments involving thymectomy in newborn mice showed that it unexpectedly resulted in wasting disease when performed before the mouse was three days old. (wikipedia.org)
Medical1
- The researchers found that the benefit from thymectomy continues to be seen up to five years after the procedure with improvement continuing to exceed that seen with medical therapy alone. (buffalo.edu)
Cases1
- Elderly comparably aged men included review of published cases persons and persons who have had thymectomies have through PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez) and increased susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
Benefit2
- Our current findings reinforce the benefit of thymectomy seen in that original study, dispelling doubts about the procedure's benefits and how long those benefits last," says Wolfe, lead author of the current study that was conducted by an international team of researchers. (buffalo.edu)
- The fourth randomised controlled trial involving 35 participants reported a benefit from plasma exchange before thymectomy but this trial was heavily biased. (cochrane.org)
Remove1
- A thymectomy is an operation to remove the thymus. (wikipedia.org)
Appointment1
- 2 months after her first appointment with the neuro, she had a thymectomy. (myastheniagravisnews.com)
Participants1
- The fourth RCT, with 35 participants, showed a statistically significant difference in favour of plasma exchange before thymectomy. (cochrane.org)
