A state of insufficient flesh on the body usually defined as having a body weight less than skeletal and physical standards. Depending on age, sex, and genetic background, a BODY MASS INDEX of less than 18.5 is considered as underweight.
Individuals' concept of their own bodies.
A group of Indian Ocean Islands, east of Tanzania. Their capital is Victoria. They were first claimed by the French in 1744 but taken by the English in 1794 and made a dependency of MAURITIUS in 1810. They became a crown colony in 1903 and a republic within the Commonwealth in 1976. They were named for the French finance minister, Jean Moreau de Sechelles, but respelled by the English in 1794. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1102 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p496)
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.
A state of internal activity of an organism that is a necessary condition before a given stimulus will elicit a class of responses; e.g., a certain level of hunger (drive) must be present before food will elicit an eating response.
One of the Indian Ocean Islands, east of Madagascar. Its capital is Port Louis. It was discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, occupied by the Dutch 1598-1710, held by the French 1715-1810 when the British captured it, formally ceded to the British in 1814, and became independent in 1968. It was named by the Dutch in honor of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (1567-1625). (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p742 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p341)
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
The barrier between capillary blood and alveolar air comprising the alveolar EPITHELIUM and capillary ENDOTHELIUM with their adherent BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPITHELIAL CELL cytoplasm. PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE occurs across this membrane.
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
An imbalanced nutritional status resulted from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.
A person's view of himself.
The individual's experience of a sense of fulfillment of a need or want and the quality or state of being satisfied.
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country located in South Asia and it does not have a medical definition. If you have any medical question or term that you would like me to define, please provide it and I will be happy to help.
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.
The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Educational institutions.
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. (1/898)

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness and body fatness are both related to health, but their interrelation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We examined the health benefits of leanness and the hazards of obesity while simultaneously considering cardiorespiratory fitness. DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study. We followed 21925 men, aged 30-83 y, who had a body-composition assessment and a maximal treadmill exercise test. There were 428 deaths (144 from CVD, 143 from cancer, and 141 from other causes) in an average of 8 y of follow-up (176742 man-years). RESULTS: After adjustment for age, examination year, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and parental history of ischemic heart disease, unfit (low cardiorespiratory fitness as determined by maximal exercise testing), lean men had double the risk of all-cause mortality of fit, lean men (relative risk: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.69; P = 0.01). Unfit, lean men also had a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality than did men who were fit and obese. We observed similar results for fat and fat-free mass in relation to mortality. Unfit men had a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality than did fit men in all fat and fat-free mass categories. Similarly, unfit men with low waist girths (<87 cm) had greater risk of all-cause mortality than did fit men with high waist girths (> or =99 cm). CONCLUSIONS: The health benefits of leanness are limited to fit men, and being fit may reduce the hazards of obesity.  (+info)

Extremes of body mass do not adversely affect the outcome of superovulation and in-vitro fertilization. (2/898)

The effect of extremes of body mass on ovulation is well recognized by clinicians. However, the effect of obesity and extreme underweight on the outcome of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles has received relatively little attention. In a retrospective nested case-control study we examined the effect of the extremes of body mass index (BMI) on IVF-embryo transfer outcome at a university-based IVF unit. A total of 333 patients were included in the study; 76 obese patients (BMI > 27.9) with 152 controls, and 35 underweight patients (BMI < 19) with 70 controls. The patients were matched with their controls in age +/- 1 year, day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration, daily dose of gonadotrophin (+/- 37.25 IU), gonadotrophin preparation and the year of treatment. The following parameters were compared between the study and control groups: duration of administration and dose of gonadotrophin, number of follicles aspirated, number of eggs, fertilization rate, number of embryos, serum oestradiol concentration on human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) day (peak oestradiol), clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, and incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Apart from a significantly lower peak oestradiol concentration (P = 0.009) in the obese patients, they and the underweight patients were not significantly different from their normal controls. The extremes of body mass index do not adversely affect the outcome of IVF-embryo transfer treatment. However, the obese patients had lower peak oestradiol concentrations than their normal controls despite receiving similar gonadotrophin doses.  (+info)

Clinical, immunological, and genetic heterogeneity of diabetes in an Italian population-based cohort of lean newly diagnosed patients aged 30-54 years. Piedmont Study Group for Diabetes Epidemiology. (3/898)

OBJECTIVE: In lean diabetic patients, the presentation of the disease does not allow one to easily distinguish between type 1 and type 2. Aims of this study were to describe clinical, immunological, and genetic features of lean newly diagnosed diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A population-based cohort of 130 lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) newly diagnosed patients, aged 30-54 years, was identified among residents of the province of Turin. Islet cell antibodies (ICAs), anti-GAD, fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide values, and HLA DQA1-DQB1 susceptibility genotypes were assessed within 2 months of the diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 45 (34.6%) and 29 (22.3%) patients were, respectively, ICA+ and anti-GAD+, with 15 (11.5%) having both antibodies. In 59 patients, ICAs and/or anti-GAD antibodies were detected, giving a high prevalence of autoimmunity (45.4%, 95% Cl 36.8-54.0); relative to patients without markers (n = 71), they were younger (40.8 +/- 7.5 vs. 45.0 +/- 6.5 years, P < 0.001) and showed lower values of fasting C-peptide (0.56 +/- 0.33 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.41 nmol/l, P < 0.001) and stimulated C-peptide (1.03 +/- 0.56 vs. 1.42 +/- 0.69 nmol/l, P < 0.001). The lowest stimulated C-peptide values were found in patients with both ICA and anti-GAD antibodies. Frequencies of adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes were, respectively, 49.2 and 50.8%. Clinical and genetic features were not useful in the classification of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 50% of lean young and middle-aged patients were ICA+ and/or anti-GAD+, suggesting a high prevalence of a slowly evolving form of type 1 diabetes. The evaluation at diagnosis of both beta-cell secretory capacity and markers of autoimmunity is recommended to provide a pathogenetic classification of the disease.  (+info)

alpha-Lipoic acid treatment decreases serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations and improves glucose effectiveness in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. (4/898)

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of lipoic acid (LA), a cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), on insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) and on serum lactate and pyruvate levels after oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTTs) in lean (n = 10) and obese (n = 10) patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: FSIGTT data were analyzed by minimal modeling technique to determine SI and SG before and after oral treatment (600 mg, twice a day, for 4 weeks). Serum lactate and pyruvate levels of diabetic patients after glucose loading were compared with those of lean (n = 10) and obese (n = 10) healthy control subjects in which SI and SG were also determined from FSIGTT data. RESULTS: Fasting lactate and pyruvate levels were significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. These metabolites did not exceed elevated fasting concentrations after glucose loading in lean patients with type 2 diabetes. However, a twofold increase of lactate and pyruvate levels was measured in obese diabetic patients. LA treatment was associated with increased SG in both diabetic groups (lean 1.28 +/- 0.14 to 1.93 +/- 0.13; obese 1.07 +/- 0.11 to 1.53 +/- 0.08 x 10(-2) min-1, P < 0.05). Higher SI and lower fasting glucose were measured in lean diabetic patients only (P < 0.05). Lactate and pyruvate before and after glucose loading were approximately 45% lower in lean and obese diabetic patients after LA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of lean and obese diabetic patients with LA prevents hyperglycemia-induced increments of serum lactate and pyruvate levels and increases SG.  (+info)

Altered pressure-natriuresis in obese Zucker rats. (5/898)

It has not been examined whether the pressure-natriuresis response is altered in the insulin-resistant condition. Furthermore, despite an important role of nitric oxide (NO) in modulating pressure-natriuresis, no investigations have been conducted assessing the renal interstitial NO production in insulin resistance. The present study examined whether pressure-natriuresis was altered in insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats (OZ) and assessed the cortical and medullary nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels with the use of the renal microdialysis technique. In OZ, serum insulin/glucose ratio (23.0+/-4.0x10(-8), n=9) and blood pressure (119+/-3 mm Hg) were greater than those in lean Zucker rats (LZ; 7.0+/-1.9x10(-8) and 103+/-4 mm Hg, n=9). The pressure-natriuresis curve in OZ was shifted to higher renal perfusion pressure (RPP), and the slope was blunted compared with that in LZ (0.073+/-0.015 vs 0.217+/-0.047 microEq/min kidney weight/mm Hg, P<0.05). The basal renal NOx level was reduced in OZ (cortex, 4.032+/-0.331 micromol/L; medulla, 4. 329+/-0.515 micromol/L) compared with that in LZ (cortex, 7.315+/-1. 102 micromol/L; medulla: 7.698+/-0.964 micromol/L). Furthermore, elevating RPP increased the medullary NOx in LZ, but this pressure-induced response was lost in OZ. Four-week treatment with troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, improved hyperinsulinemia, systemic hypertension, and basal renal NOx levels (cortex, 5.639+/-0.286 micromol/L; medulla, 5.978+/-0.284 micromol/L), and partially ameliorated the pressure-natriuresis curves; the slope of pressure-natriuresis curves and elevated RPP-induced NOx, however, were not corrected. In conclusion, our study suggests that insulin resistance is closely associated with abnormal pressure-natriuresis and hypertension. These deranged renal responses to insulin resistance are most likely attributed to impaired medullary NO production within the medulla.  (+info)

Insulin and diastolic dysfunction in lean and obese hypertensives: genetic influence. (6/898)

We investigated the influence of genetic predisposition to hypertension by studying the relation between insulin sensitivity and left ventricular (LV) mass and function in untreated lean and obese hypertensives. We selected 50 lean hypertensives with normotensive parents (negative family history of hypertension [F-]), 64 lean hypertensives with 1 or both parents hypertensive (positive family history of hypertension [F+]), 40 obese F- hypertensives, and 43 obese F+ hypertensives. The 4 groups were comparable regarding age, gender, 24-hour blood pressure profile, and known duration of hypertension. We measured glucose, insulin, and C-peptide during fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test; LV morphology and function were assessed by digitized M-mode echocardiography. Glucose (fasting and test) levels were normal in all and similar among the 4 groups. Insulin and C-peptide (fasting and stimulated) levels were higher in obese hypertensives than in lean hypertensives; at similar body mass index, insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in F+ than in F- groups. Compared with lean hypertensives, obese hypertensives had greater LV mass index; LV systolic function was normal in all and similar among the groups. The indices of LV diastolic function were significantly lower in F+ than in F- groups. LV mass index did not correlate with metabolic parameters; the indices of LV diastolic function were inversely correlated with insulin area during test in only the 2 F+ groups. In conclusion, genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with a reduced insulin sensitivity and affects the response of the myocardium to increased insulin levels, inducing a greater impairment of diastolic function. Insulin sensitivity and genetic predisposition to hypertension seem to have no influence on LV mass.  (+info)

Diazoxide down-regulates leptin and lipid metabolizing enzymes in adipose tissue of Zucker rats. (7/898)

We have previously reported that attenuation of hyperinsulinemia by diazoxide (DZ), an inhibitor of glucose-mediated insulin secretion, increased insulin sensitivity and reduced body weight in obese Zucker rats. These findings prompted us to investigate the effects of DZ on key insulin-sensitive enzymes regulating adipose tissue metabolism, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), as well as on circulating levels of leptin. We also determined the direct effects of diazoxide on FAS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Seven-week-old female obese and lean Zucker rats were treated with DZ (150 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (C, control) for a period of 6 wk. Changes in plasma parameters by DZ include significant decreases in triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin, consistent with our previous reports. DZ obese rats exhibited lower plasma leptin levels (P<0.03) compared to their C animals. DZ significantly reduced adipose tissue FAS activity in both lean (P<0.0001) and obese (P<0.01) animals. LPL mRNA content was also decreased significantly in DZ-treated obese animals (P<0.009) as compared to their respective controls without a significant effect on lean animals. The possibility that DZ exerted a direct effect on adipocytes was further tested in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Although diazoxide (5 microM) alone did not change FAS activity in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, it significantly attenuated insulin's effect on FAS activity (P<0.001). We demonstrate that DZ regulates key insulin-sensitive enzymes involved in regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. These findings suggest that modification of insulin-sensitive pathways can be therapeutically beneficial in obesity management.  (+info)

Relationship between carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty acid synthesis in lean and obese subjects. (8/898)

We previously reported that a eucaloric, low fat, liquid formula diet enriched in simple carbohydrate markedly increased the synthesis of fatty acids in lean volunteers. To examine the diet sensitivity of obese subjects, 7 obese and 12 lean volunteers were given two eucaloric low fat solid food diets enriched in simple sugars for 2 weeks each in a random-order, cross-over design (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate vs. 30% fat, 55% carbohydrate, ratio of sugar to starch 60:40). The fatty acid compositions of both diets were matched to the composition of each subject's adipose tissue and fatty acid synthesis measured by the method of linoleate dilution in plasma VLDL triglyceride. In all subjects, the maximum % de novo synthesized fatty acids in VLDL triglyceride 3;-9 h after the last meal was higher on the 10% versus the 30% fat diet. There was no significant difference between the dietary effects on lean (43+/-13 vs. 12+/-13%) and obese (37+/-15 vs. 6+/-6%) subjects, despite 2-fold elevated levels of insulin and reduced glucagon levels in the obese. Similar results were obtained for de novo palmitate synthesis in VLDL triglyceride measured by mass isotopomer distribution analysis after infusion of [(13)C]acetate. On the 10% fat diet, plasma triglycerides (fasting and 24 h) were increased and correlated with fatty acid synthesis. Triglycerides were higher when fatty acid synthesis was constantly elevated rather than having diurnal variation.Thus, eucaloric, solid food diets which are very low in fat and high in simple sugars markedly stimulate fatty acid synthesis from carbohydrate, and plasma triglycerides increase in proportion to the amount of fatty acid synthesis. However, this dietary effect is not related to body mass index, insulin, or glucagon levels.  (+info)

"Thinness" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. However, it generally refers to having a lower than average body weight or low body mass index (BMI) for a person's height. In medical terms, being significantly underweight might be defined as having a BMI of less than 18.5. It's important to note that while low body weight can be a sign of health issues like malnutrition or eating disorders, being thin does not necessarily equate to being healthy. A person's overall health is determined by a variety of factors, including diet, exercise, genetics, and the presence or absence of chronic diseases.

Body image is a person's perception and attitude towards their own physical appearance, shape, and size. It involves how a person thinks and feels about their body, including their self-perceived strengths and flaws. Body image can be influenced by many factors, such as cultural and societal standards of beauty, personal experiences, and media messages. A positive body image is associated with higher self-esteem, confidence, and overall well-being, while a negative body image can contribute to emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating behaviors.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Seychelles" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country, an archipelago nation located in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar and about 1,600 kilometers (994 miles) east of Kenya. The Seychelles consists of around 115 islands, many of which are uninhabited, and is known for its beautiful beaches, coral reefs, and rich biodiversity. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those for you!

Eating disorders are mental health conditions characterized by significant disturbances in eating behaviors and associated distressing thoughts and emotions. They include several types of disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED). These disorders can have serious medical and psychological consequences if left untreated.

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restrictive eating, low body weight, and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. Individuals with anorexia may also have a distorted body image and deny the severity of their low body weight.

Bulimia nervosa involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (e.g., self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics), fasting, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.

Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often to the point of discomfort, accompanied by feelings of loss of control and distress. Unlike bulimia nervosa, individuals with binge eating disorder do not engage in compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.

Other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) include atypical anorexia nervosa, subthreshold bulimia nervosa, and subthreshold binge eating disorder, which may have similar symptoms to the above disorders but do not meet all the diagnostic criteria.

Eating disorders can affect people of any age, gender, race, or ethnicity, and they are often associated with other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychological therapy, nutrition counseling, and medical management to address both the physical and psychological aspects of the disorder.

In medical terms, "drive" is not a term that has a specific definition on its own. However, it can be used in the context of various medical concepts related to motivation, behavior, and physiological processes. Here are a few examples:

1. Motivational Drive: This refers to the internal push or desire that drives an individual to engage in certain behaviors or activities. It is often influenced by factors such as needs, goals, values, and emotions.
2. Sexual Drive: Also known as libido, sexual drive refers to a person's overall sexual desire or interest in sexual activity. It can be influenced by various factors, including hormonal changes, stress levels, relationship satisfaction, and mental health.
3. Aggression Drive: This refers to the tendency towards aggressive behavior, which can be motivated by various factors such as frustration, competition, or territoriality.
4. Homeostatic Drive: In physiology, homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. Homeostatic drives are the physiological processes that help regulate and maintain this stability, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature regulation.

It is important to note that these are just a few examples of how the term "drive" can be used in a medical context. The specific meaning may vary depending on the context in which it is used.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mauritius" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a country, specifically an island nation in the Indian Ocean. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Anorexia nervosa is a psychological eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and extremely restrictive eating behaviors leading to significantly low body weight. It primarily affects adolescent girls and young women but can also occur in boys and men. The diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), include:

1. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that expected.
2. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight.
3. Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
4. In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea (the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles). A woman is considered to have amenorrhea if her periods occur only following hormone replacement therapy.

Anorexia nervosa can manifest in two subtypes: the restricting type and the binge-eating/purging type. The restricting type involves limiting food intake without engaging in binge eating or purging behaviors, while the binge-eating/purging type includes recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging through self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.

Anorexia nervosa can lead to severe medical complications, including but not limited to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, bone density loss, and hormonal disturbances. Early identification, intervention, and comprehensive treatment, which often involve a combination of psychotherapy, nutrition counseling, and medication management, are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of long-term health consequences.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure used to assess whether a person has a healthy weight for their height. It's calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Here is the medical definition:

Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight(kg) / [height(m)]^2

According to the World Health Organization, BMI categories are defined as follows:

* Less than 18.5: Underweight
* 18.5-24.9: Normal or healthy weight
* 25.0-29.9: Overweight
* 30.0 and above: Obese

It is important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying weight issues in populations, it does have limitations when applied to individuals. For example, it may not accurately reflect body fat distribution or muscle mass, which can affect health risks associated with excess weight. Therefore, BMI should be used as one of several factors when evaluating an individual's health status and risk for chronic diseases.

Nutritional status is a concept that refers to the condition of an individual in relation to their nutrient intake, absorption, metabolism, and excretion. It encompasses various aspects such as body weight, muscle mass, fat distribution, presence of any deficiencies or excesses of specific nutrients, and overall health status.

A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status typically includes a review of dietary intake, anthropometric measurements (such as height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), laboratory tests (such as serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol levels, vitamin and mineral levels), and clinical evaluation for signs of malnutrition or overnutrition.

Malnutrition can result from inadequate intake or absorption of nutrients, increased nutrient requirements due to illness or injury, or excessive loss of nutrients due to medical conditions. On the other hand, overnutrition can lead to obesity and related health problems such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer.

Therefore, maintaining a good nutritional status is essential for overall health and well-being, and it is an important consideration in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various medical conditions.

Body weight is the measure of the force exerted on a scale or balance by an object's mass, most commonly expressed in units such as pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg). In the context of medical definitions, body weight typically refers to an individual's total weight, which includes their skeletal muscle, fat, organs, and bodily fluids.

Healthcare professionals often use body weight as a basic indicator of overall health status, as it can provide insights into various aspects of a person's health, such as nutritional status, metabolic function, and risk factors for certain diseases. For example, being significantly underweight or overweight can increase the risk of developing conditions like malnutrition, diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.

It is important to note that body weight alone may not provide a complete picture of an individual's health, as it does not account for factors such as muscle mass, bone density, or body composition. Therefore, healthcare professionals often use additional measures, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood tests, to assess overall health status more comprehensively.

I am not aware of a widely recognized or established medical term called "Blood-Air Barrier." It is possible that you may be referring to a concept or phenomenon that goes by a different name, or it could be a term that is specific to certain context or field within medicine.

In general, the terms "blood" and "air" refer to two distinct and separate compartments in the body, and there are various physiological barriers that prevent them from mixing with each other under normal circumstances. For example, the alveolar-capillary membrane in the lungs serves as a barrier that allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries, while preventing the two from mixing together.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "Blood-Air Barrier," I may be able to provide a more specific answer.

"Body height" is a measure of the vertical length of a person's body from the top of their head to the bottom of their feet. It is typically measured in units such as centimeters (cm) or inches (in). In medical settings, body height is often used as a basic anthropometric measurement to assess overall health status, growth and development, nutritional status, and aging-related changes.

There are different methods for measuring body height, but the most common one involves having the person stand upright against a vertical surface (such as a wall or a stadiometer) with their heels, buttocks, shoulders, and head touching the surface. The measurement is taken at the point where the top of the person's head meets the surface.

Body height can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, nutrition, health status, and environmental conditions. Changes in body height over time can provide important insights into a person's health trajectory and potential health risks. For example, a significant decrease in body height may indicate bone loss or spinal compression, while a rapid increase in height during childhood or adolescence may suggest optimal growth and development.

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the body's function is not maintained. It can also refer to a deficiency or excess of vitamins, minerals, protein, energy, and/or water. This condition can have negative effects on physical and mental health. Malnutrition includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight), overnutrition (overweight, obesity) and micronutrient deficiencies or excesses.

It's important to note that malnutrition is different from malabsorption, which is the inability to absorb nutrients from food. Malabsorption can also lead to malnutrition if it results in a lack of necessary nutrients for the body's function.

I am not a medical doctor, but I can provide you with some information on this topic. Self-concept is more commonly discussed in psychology than in medicine, but it still has relevance to understanding individual experiences and behaviors in health and illness.

Self-concept refers to an individual's perception, beliefs, and attitudes about themselves, encompassing various dimensions such as:

1. Physical self (how one perceives their physical appearance, abilities, and health)
2. Social self (how one perceives their relationships with others, social roles, and status)
3. Psychological or personal self (how one perceives their personality traits, values, and beliefs)

Self-concept can influence how people view their own health, cope with illness, and engage in health behaviors. For example, a positive self-concept may contribute to better adherence to treatment plans and healthier lifestyle choices, while negative self-concepts might lead to poorer health outcomes due to decreased motivation or self-efficacy.

Understanding an individual's self-concept can help healthcare professionals tailor their communication style, recommendations, and interventions to better meet the patient's needs and preferences.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Personal Satisfaction" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to the feeling of contentment or fulfillment one derives from achieving their personal goals or desires. However, in a medical context, it might be used to assess a person's quality of life or their satisfaction with their healthcare or treatment outcomes.

Medically, 'overweight' is a term used to describe a person whose body weight is greater than what is considered healthy for their height. This excess weight often comes from fat, muscle, bone, or water accumulation. The most commonly used measure to define overweight is the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30.0 or higher is considered obese. However, it's important to note that BMI doesn't directly measure body fat and may not accurately reflect health status for all individuals, such as athletes with high muscle mass.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country in South Asia and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

Growth disorders are medical conditions that affect a person's growth and development, leading to shorter or taller stature than expected for their age, sex, and ethnic group. These disorders can be caused by various factors, including genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and psychosocial issues.

There are two main types of growth disorders:

1. Short stature: This refers to a height that is significantly below average for a person's age, sex, and ethnic group. Short stature can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions such as Turner syndrome or dwarfism, hormonal deficiencies, chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and psychosocial issues.
2. Tall stature: This refers to a height that is significantly above average for a person's age, sex, and ethnic group. Tall stature can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions like acromegaly.

Growth disorders can have significant impacts on a person's physical, emotional, and social well-being. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose and manage these conditions early to optimize growth and development and improve overall quality of life. Treatment options for growth disorders may include medication, nutrition therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Feeding behavior refers to the various actions and mechanisms involved in the intake of food and nutrition for the purpose of sustaining life, growth, and health. This complex process encompasses a coordinated series of activities, including:

1. Food selection: The identification, pursuit, and acquisition of appropriate food sources based on sensory cues (smell, taste, appearance) and individual preferences.
2. Preparation: The manipulation and processing of food to make it suitable for consumption, such as chewing, grinding, or chopping.
3. Ingestion: The act of transferring food from the oral cavity into the digestive system through swallowing.
4. Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food within the gastrointestinal tract to facilitate nutrient absorption and eliminate waste products.
5. Assimilation: The uptake and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells and tissues for energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance.
6. Elimination: The removal of undigested material and waste products from the body through defecation.

Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay between neural, hormonal, and psychological factors that help maintain energy balance and ensure adequate nutrient intake. Disruptions in feeding behavior can lead to various medical conditions, such as malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal motility disorders.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is not a medical condition or term, but rather a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. Here's a brief description:

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as the global authority on public health issues. Established in 1948, WHO's primary role is to coordinate and collaborate with its member states to promote health, prevent diseases, and ensure universal access to healthcare services. WHO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has regional offices around the world. It plays a crucial role in setting global health standards, monitoring disease outbreaks, and providing guidance on various public health concerns, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, mental health, environmental health, and maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health.

Anthropometry is the scientific study of measurements and proportions of the human body. It involves the systematic measurement and analysis of various physical characteristics, such as height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, and other body measurements. These measurements are used in a variety of fields, including medicine, ergonomics, forensics, and fashion design, to assess health status, fitness level, or to design products and environments that fit the human body. In a medical context, anthropometry is often used to assess growth and development, health status, and disease risk factors in individuals and populations.

A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.

In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.

Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.

Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat to the extent that it negatively impacts health. It's typically defined using Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure calculated from a person's weight and height. A BMI of 30 or higher is indicative of obesity. However, it's important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying obesity in populations, it does not directly measure body fat and may not accurately reflect health status in individuals. Other factors such as waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels should also be considered when assessing health risks associated with weight.

"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.

For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.

It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.

In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!

Birth weight refers to the first weight of a newborn infant, usually taken immediately after birth. It is a critical vital sign that indicates the baby's health status and is used as a predictor for various short-term and long-term health outcomes.

Typically, a full-term newborn's weight ranges from 5.5 to 8.8 pounds (2.5 to 4 kg), although normal birth weights can vary significantly based on factors such as gestational age, genetics, maternal health, and nutrition. Low birth weight is defined as less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg), while high birth weight is greater than 8.8 pounds (4 kg).

Low birth weight babies are at a higher risk for various medical complications, including respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, infections, and developmental delays. High birth weight babies may face challenges with delivery, increased risk of obesity, and potential metabolic issues later in life. Regular prenatal care is essential to monitor fetal growth and ensure a healthy pregnancy and optimal birth weight for the baby.

"Age factors" refer to the effects, changes, or differences that age can have on various aspects of health, disease, and medical care. These factors can encompass a wide range of issues, including:

1. Physiological changes: As people age, their bodies undergo numerous physical changes that can affect how they respond to medications, illnesses, and medical procedures. For example, older adults may be more sensitive to certain drugs or have weaker immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.
2. Chronic conditions: Age is a significant risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. As a result, age-related medical issues are common and can impact treatment decisions and outcomes.
3. Cognitive decline: Aging can also lead to cognitive changes, including memory loss and decreased decision-making abilities. These changes can affect a person's ability to understand and comply with medical instructions, leading to potential complications in their care.
4. Functional limitations: Older adults may experience physical limitations that impact their mobility, strength, and balance, increasing the risk of falls and other injuries. These limitations can also make it more challenging for them to perform daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, or cooking.
5. Social determinants: Age-related factors, such as social isolation, poverty, and lack of access to transportation, can impact a person's ability to obtain necessary medical care and affect their overall health outcomes.

Understanding age factors is critical for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care that addresses the unique needs and challenges of older adults. By taking these factors into account, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans that consider a person's age, physical condition, cognitive abilities, and social circumstances.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Schools" is not a medical term. It generally refers to educational institutions where children or adults receive instruction in various subjects. If you are asking about a medical condition that might be associated with the word "school," it's possible you could mean "psychological disorders that first present or become evident during the school-aged period (approximately 5-18 years of age)." These disorders can include, but are not limited to, ADHD, learning disabilities, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders. However, without more context, it's difficult for me to provide a more specific answer.

A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.

Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:

1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.

Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Reference values, also known as reference ranges or reference intervals, are the set of values that are considered normal or typical for a particular population or group of people. These values are often used in laboratory tests to help interpret test results and determine whether a patient's value falls within the expected range.

The process of establishing reference values typically involves measuring a particular biomarker or parameter in a large, healthy population and then calculating the mean and standard deviation of the measurements. Based on these statistics, a range is established that includes a certain percentage of the population (often 95%) and excludes extreme outliers.

It's important to note that reference values can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, race, and other demographic characteristics. Therefore, it's essential to use reference values that are specific to the relevant population when interpreting laboratory test results. Additionally, reference values may change over time due to advances in measurement technology or changes in the population being studied.

The term "developing countries" is a socio-economic classification used to describe nations that are in the process of industrialization and modernization. This term is often used interchangeably with "low and middle-income countries" or "Global South." The World Bank defines developing countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $12,695.

In the context of healthcare, developing countries face unique challenges including limited access to quality medical care, lack of resources and infrastructure, high burden of infectious diseases, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. These factors contribute to significant disparities in health outcomes between developing and developed nations.

No "ramshackle thinness" Within'. Rev. of The Complete Poems of George Whalley. Canadian Literature 232 (Spring 2017): 160-161 ...
Neotenic features of the head include the globular skull; thinness of skull bones; the reduction of the brow ridge; the large ... Montagu further listed the roundness of the skull, thinness of the skull bones, lack of brow ridges, lack of sagittal crests, ...
... a thinness in the writing". Over the next three years Grigson returned to producing books dealing with key categories of food: ...
This study identified a number of genetic variations of the ALK gene that were associated with thinness. As a next step, ... ALK is also a candidate thinness gene, as its genetic deletion leads to resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity ... June 2020). "Identification of ALK in Thinness". Cell. 181 (6): 1246-1262.e22. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034. PMID 32442405. ...
Thinness can have many causes. In geriatric horses, it may be due to parasite infestation. Furthermore, they tend to become ... Thinness is associated with mistreatment, but owner-independent factors such as age and illness can cause dramatic weight loss ... Thinness is a controversial issue at endurance competitions. Excessive weight is very detrimental to a horse's performance. ... Indeed, most animal protection associations consider thinness to be a sign of horse abuse. Numerous cases of mistreatment have ...
"Identification of ALK in Thinness". Cell. 181 (6): 1246-1262.e22. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 32442405 ...
He studied the link between the cultural expectations of thinness in women and development of serious eating disorders and ... Garner, D.M., Garfinkel, P.E., Schwartz, D. and Thompson, M. The Cultural Expectations of Thinness in Women. Psychological ... "Cultural Expectations of Thinness in Women". Psychological Reports. 47 (2): 483-491. doi:10.2466/pr0.1980.47.2.483. PMID ...
"WORSHIP OF THINNESS A FACTOR IN BULIMIA". Sun-Sentinel. Allan Josephson M.D. "Bulimia: Book for therapist and client. By ...
Leung, Freedom; Lam, Sharon; Sze, Sherrien (2001). "Cultural Expectations of Thinness in Chinese Women". ResearchGate. 9 (4): ...
Cultural factors also appear to play a role, with societies that value thinness having higher rates of the disease. ... Additionally, it occurs more commonly among those involved in activities that value thinness, such as high-level athletics, ... Estour B, Galusca B, Germain N (2014). "Constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa: a possible misdiagnosis?". Frontiers in ...
The thinness allows grinding in slots and crevices. It is used primarily in cutter grinding and jig grinding. A special ...
In the United States, women overestimate men's preferences for thinness in a mate. In one study, American women were asked to ... Some researchers believe women themselves may play a role in enforcing the thinness ideal, however they assert that this does ... The widespread concern that model thinness has progressed from willowy to wasted has reached a threshold as evidenced by the ... Some implicated the fashion industry for the promulgation of the notion of thinness as attractive. East Asians have ...
The Drive for Thinness scale (DT) consists of seven items that measure the intensity of an individual's desire to lose weight ... Korean women are more dissatisfied with their bodies due to the pressures of thinness that exist in that particular culture. ... Stunkard, A., Sorenson, T., & Schulsinger, F. (1983). Use of Danish adoption register for the study of obesity and thinness. In ... The scale presents nine male and nine female schematic silhouettes, ranging from extreme thinness to extreme obesity. For ...
Charles Baudelaire thought thinness was more indecent than fatness. The model for Olympia, Victorine Meurent, would have been ...
The sloped armor helped to compensate for its thinness. The Army purchased several of Christie's tank prototypes for testing ...
Watches of this period are characterised by their thinness. New innovations, such as the cylinder and lever escapements, ...
The thinness of the epithelial barrier facilitates these processes. In general, epithelial tissues are classified by the number ...
Phillips DI, Barker DJ, Hales CN, Hirst S, Osmond C (February 1994). "Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life". ... found statistically significant association between thinness in birth (measured as Ponderal index) and insulin resistance, the ...
... especially thinness, fat..." Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 15 March 2014. A. Edwardsson (July 28, 1995). "Fat Chance". Canadian ...
Their ratios change by the thinness of the catalyst. Many MWNTs are included so that the diameter of the tube is wide. The ...
The scope of body shaming is wide, and includes, although is not limited to fat-shaming, shaming for thinness, height-shaming, ... Herbozo, S.; Tantleff-Dunn, S.; Gokee-Larose, J.; Thompson, J.K. (2004). "Beauty and thinness messages in children's media: A ...
The medial wall is also known as the lamina papyrcea which means "paper layer." This demonstrates the thinness which is ...
Advertising and the Obsession with Thinness. Guilford Press. p. 395. ISBN 978-1-57230-182-5. Jean Kilbourne (1 November 1999). ...
As the thinness of a female character increased, the number of compliments she received from men did as well. Research has ... While 60% of videos portray female thinness, only 32% show male muscularity. No physical attraction is shown between a slender ... Thinspiration images that promote the idealization of thinness and pro-eating disorder websites are becoming increasingly more ... Herbozo, Tantleff-Dunn, Gokee-Larose, and Thompson (2004). "Beauty and Thinness Messages in Children's Media: A Content ...
The look was adolescent breasts, slim hips, and extreme thinness. André Courrèges was the first to make a fashion statement out ...
The specific epithet refers to the thinness of the stems. The position of the sporangia on the sides of stems and the way in ...
"In reference to the almost paper thinness of the shell." Conus fragilissimus Petuch, 1979. WoRMS (2010). Retrieved through: ...
Physically the device is notable for its size and thinness. Available in both black and white colours, it has a Magnesium alloy ...
However, in electron microscopy they appear very thin and bell shaped (hence the name codo-: bell). Because of their thinness ...
B. attenuatus is characterized by moist skin of notable thinness. In general, red blood cells in mammals lack a cell nucleus ...
When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. ...
What are the triggers? "It could be a show they see on TV glamorizing thinness. It could be a magazine photo shoot. Or it could ... Why is that? "Glamorizing thinness. The message is constantly bombarding young women in particular and some young men that they ... Down to Business: New Naperville clinic helps young girls overcome eating disorders in world that glamorizes thinness. ...
As well as the elongated form factor, the thinness of the newer handset is also patently obvious when placed next to the iPhone ... Next iPhone Compared To iPhone 3GS / 4, Flaunts Its Thinness In Full Glory [IMAGES]. ... Next iPhone Compared To iPhone 3GS / 4, Flaunts Its Thinness In Full Glory [IMAGES] ...
What is the medical term for thinness of bones especially in joints?. 1 doctor answer • 1 doctor weighed in ...
... [ ... Adolescent boys with T1DM are heavier and have higher drive for thinness than healthy boys, but do not differ from them in ... of eating disorders in adolescent males with T1DM since they are heavier than healthy boys and have higher drive for thinness. ...
However, it remains unclear how the drive for leanness (DL), as compared to the drives for thinness (DT) and muscularity (DM), ... Faust, J. (1987). Correlates of the drive for thinness in young female adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16(4 ... Drives for Thinness, Leanness, and Muscularity. *Associations of General and Body Image Disorder Psychopathology, Exercise ... Correlates of the drive for thinness in young female adolescents. . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,. 16. (. 4. ), 313. - ...
A majority of the associations between alcohol involvement, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction in girls, but not boys ... Associations Between Alcohol Involvement and Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Twins: A Bivariate Twin ... Thus, we investigated associations between alcohol involvement and 2 core eating disorder symptoms: drive for thinness and body ... The Eating Disorder Inventory-II assessed drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Sex-specific biometrical twin modeling ...
Drive for thinness as a women?s strategy to avoid inferiority. Volume 13 Num. 1 - March 2013 - Pages 15-29 ... Also, we tested whether insecure striving moderates the impact of a low social rank on drive for thinness, in women. In this ... These findings support the hypothesis that drive for thinness arises as a competitive weapon to assure a secure place in the ... insecure striving was a significant moderator between a low social rank and the endorsement of the importance of thinness and ...
Severe thinness is the result of substantial loss of fat and muscle tissue. ... BMI - body mass index BMI formula Normal weight range Underweight Emaciation Severe thinness Moderate thinness Mild thinness ... Severe Thinness. Severe thinness is the result of substantial loss of fat and muscle tissue. People may become victims of ... Severe thinness may end in pronounced emaciation sometimes leading to death.. Severe thinness may produce considerable harm to ...
Treatment of Thinness for Girls Like obesity, thinness is also not a healthy condition to live a normal life for a person, ... Treatment of thinness. Thinness can be treated according to the cause of this problem. If it is due to genetical reasons or ... Thinness can also increase the risk of mortality like obesity as it is also the case of malnutrition. Food is an important ... Treatment of Thinness for Girls. Several herbal supplements can help in stimulating their appetite but before using them they ...
FoodWISE, thinness, and re-indigenizing food. by Gigi , Aug 4, 2020 , FoodWISE ... Gigi Berardi reads FoodWISE, on our obsession with thinness, and questions around re-indigenizing food, see: Subject: [ ...
At the same time, thinness became firmly associated with wealth - having the time and money to work on your body - an ... Dr Volonte says the obsession with thinness dates back to the birth of industrial production techniques. ...
... thinness in a sentence with 21 example sentences on YourDictionary. ... His extraordinary thinness is commemorated, among other things, by the very poor but well-known epigram attributed to Young, ... Owing to the thinness of the population, however, but a small proportion of the soil is under cultivation, and the quantity of ... Updos are natural choices, and blondes can easily create sleek looks because the thinness of the hair is easy to twist into ...
महीनता * विरलता * दुबलापन * पतलापन * तनुता Synonyms of Thinness * Tenuity * Slenderness * Leanness * Spareness ... "Thinness" शब्द का वाक्य में प्रयोग. *. The Mind can only be aware of the Self in a mentalised spiritual thinness, only of the ...
The American Academy of Family Physicians adds that thinness in women may lead to irregular periods, a lack of periods and ... Various factors may cause thinness, says the American Academy of Family Physicians. People who have jobs that involve heavy ... Additional problems can result from thinness in older adults. These include dental issues, dementia, lack of mobility and ...
Copyright © All rights reserved. , CoverNews by AF themes ...
These compelling images show a scroll detailing Spirit Stones. These special rocks are thought to be living and able to change shape. I am pretty certain they could do it. This scroll is on display at the LA County Art Museum right now ...
Causes of thinness in women. There are many reasons for thinness in women, but today there are some cases that are latent and ... Girls thinness problems. The problem of thinness is usually one of the biggest annoying problems that girls face and is one of ... Home > Recipes > Methods of treating thinness for girls in 5 steps. Methods of treating thinness for girls in 5 steps. ... How do I treat thinness?. There are many methods that are used to treat thinness for girls, as they help in obtaining a ...
Here is the abstract: This paper studies two mechanisms that jointly contribute to thinness premium in the marriage market: the ... Unraveling the female thinness premium Unraveling the female thinness premium. That is a paper by Shasha Wang, who is on the ... Unraveling the female thinness premium Unraveling the female thinness premium. That is a paper by Shasha Wang, who is on the ... Here is the abstract: This paper studies two mechanisms that jointly contribute to thinness premium in the marriage market: the ...
Home Technology Sony to beat iPhone 6 thinness with Ultra HD 4K TVs ... Sony to beat iPhone 6 thinness with Ultra HD 4K TVs. By ...
Nokias Stefan Pannenbecker on design: thinness isnt everything. Feb 27, 2012, 4:00 PM UTC. ...
Discover BODY FIT The anti-cellulite slimming expert by de Clarins at the best price on Parfumdo. Treat yourself by taking advantage of the free delivery from 90€ of purchase!
The Quest for Thinness Medical & Psychiatric (EBook) from New Growth Press at best price. Book Author: Edward T. Welch, Price ... Eating Disorders: The Quest for Thinness (eBook) - Eating Disorders: The Quest for Thinness (eBook). Edward T. Welch (No ... Decrease Quantity of Eating Disorders: The Quest for Thinness (eBook) Increase Quantity of Eating Disorders: The Quest for ... Eating Disorders: The Quest for Thinness (eBook). Rating Required Select Rating. 1 star (worst). 2 stars. 3 stars (average). 4 ...
Keywords: BMI, stunting, prevalence, thinness, obesity, misclassification, double burden of malnutrition. Conflict of Interest ... The prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity when defined by z-scores for BMI, depends on average population height and ... In short children (mean HAZ=-2 to HAZ=-3), the prevalence of thinness falls to less than 1% in the youngest and rises up to 10 ... Critical cut-off values of BMI z-scores are used to define "thinness" (BMI-for-age z-values (BAZ) below -2SD) (Cole and ...
Thinness. I’m not one of the proponents of a thinner iPhone, but Apple is dedicated to making its devices as thin as possible ...
Nokias Stefan Pannenbecker on design: thinness isnt everything. Feb 27, 2012, 4:00 PM UTC. ...
Droid X, thinness comparison. Also read full review: Motorola Droid 2: Everything you need to know ... Nexus One, thinness comparison. Also read full review: Motorola Droid 2: Everything you need to know ... iPhone 4, thinness comparison. Also read full review: Motorola Droid 2: Everything you need to know ... Droid, thinness comparison. Also read full review: Motorola Droid 2: Everything you need to know ...
The tyranny of thinness still dominates fashion. Despite claims that the fashion industry is embracing curvier bodies, the ...
Cosmos delivers the science of everything to do with health! Follow us and enter a universe with health stories and commentary from experts.
  • Dr Volonte says the obsession with thinness dates back to the birth of industrial production techniques. (accessibletrainingbuilder.com)
  • I really do wish Apple would get past this obsession with thinness. (macrumors.com)
  • Adolescent boys with T1DM are heavier and have higher drive for thinness than healthy boys, but do not differ from them in scales measuring psychopathology associated with eating disorders. (diva-portal.org)
  • Thus, we investigated associations between alcohol involvement and 2 core eating disorder symptoms: drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction in adolescent female and male twins. (diva-portal.org)
  • The Eating Disorder Inventory-II assessed drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. (diva-portal.org)
  • Phenotypic associations between alcohol involvement, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction were significantly greater in girls compared with boys. (diva-portal.org)
  • Moderate genetic correlations were observed between the 3 aspects of alcohol involvement and drive for thinness. (diva-portal.org)
  • Also, we tested whether insecure striving moderates the impact of a low social rank on drive for thinness, in women. (ijpsy.com)
  • These findings support the hypothesis that drive for thinness arises as a competitive weapon to assure a secure place in the social world. (ijpsy.com)
  • Like obesity, thinness is also not a healthy condition to live a normal life for a person, especially for girls. (health-information.xyz)
  • Thinness can also increase the risk of mortality like obesity as it is also the case of malnutrition. (health-information.xyz)
  • Background Critical cut-off values of BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) are used to define "thinness", "overweight" and "obesity", but the validity of these cut-off values needs to be questioned in populations that are shorter or taller than the reference. (human-biology-and-public-health.org)
  • We hypothesized that the prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity depends on population height and performed a random simulation. (human-biology-and-public-health.org)
  • Conclusions The prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity depends on height and age. (human-biology-and-public-health.org)
  • We suggest abstaining from defining "thinness", "overweight", or "obesity" by BMI z-scores. (human-biology-and-public-health.org)
  • For arithmetic reasons, the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity when defined by z-scores for BMI strongly depends on average population height and age. (human-biology-and-public-health.org)
  • Genetic architecture of human thinness compared to severe obesity. (nih.gov)
  • As well as the elongated form factor, the thinness of the newer handset is also patently obvious when placed next to the iPhone 4 / 4S and the even older (but still retailing) iPhone 3GS. (redmondpie.com)
  • The thickness or thinness of hair depends on a combination of genetics and nutrition. (yourdictionary.com)
  • In a study publishing May 21 in the journal Cell , researchers use a genetic database of more than 47,000 people in Estonia to identify a gene linked to thinness that may play a role in resisting weight gain in these metabolically healthy thin people. (bajaprogofficial.com)
  • Some people believe that media images of thinness may influence the start of eating disorders including bulimia. (yourdictionary.com)
  • It is by no means, however, the wheat which yields the greatest number of bushels per acre which is the most valuable from a miller's standpoint, for the thinness of the bran and the fineness and strength of the flour are with him important considerations, too often overlooked by the farmer when buying his seed. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Along with malnutrition, undiagnosed health conditions or genetical reasons can also be the cause of thinness in some people. (health-information.xyz)
  • Severe thinness is the result of substantial loss of fat and muscle tissue. (bmicalc.org)
  • People may become victims of severe thinness intentionally, but severe thinness may also affect starving people. (bmicalc.org)
  • Severe thinness develops due to disproportion between energy intake and energy expenditure. (bmicalc.org)
  • Severe thinness is frequently accompanied by a constant appetite loss. (bmicalc.org)
  • Severe thinness may appear as a result of psychological problems affecting usually girls and young women. (bmicalc.org)
  • Severe thinness may end in pronounced emaciation sometimes leading to death. (bmicalc.org)
  • Severe thinness may produce considerable harm to human organs and systems. (bmicalc.org)
  • In severe thinness experts find significant protein and vitamin deficiency against the background of extremely low caloric consumption. (bmicalc.org)
  • The losses of fat and muscles in severe thinness are explained by the fact that body uses these constituents for energy to support nervous system and heart. (bmicalc.org)
  • Severe thinness accompanying anorexia nervosa is characterized by victim's unwillingness to keep to normal weight. (bmicalc.org)
  • About 90 % of patients with anorexia nervosa and severe thinness are girls and women aged from 12 to 25 years. (bmicalc.org)
  • Thus, many cases of severe thinness begin in adolescence. (bmicalc.org)
  • A person with severe thinness weighs no more than 85 % of normal weight range and sometimes even much less. (bmicalc.org)
  • Victims of severe thinness lose the ability to assess their weight and body proportions. (bmicalc.org)
  • They sincerely believe that their severe thinness is attractive and refuse to change eating habits. (bmicalc.org)
  • Girls with severe thinness suffer from strong fear of gaining weight. (bmicalc.org)
  • Depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder often go together with severe thinness. (bmicalc.org)
  • Five to ten percent of people with severe thinness die as a result of starvation. (bmicalc.org)
  • However, it remains unclear how the drive for leanness (DL), as compared to the drives for thinness (DT) and muscularity (DM), relates to body image pathology and substance use in female weight-trainers. (humankinetics.com)
  • Despite evidence that thinness and muscularity are part of the female body ideal, there is not yet a reliable figure rating scale measuring the body image of women which includes both of these dimensions. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • To overcome this shortcoming, the Body Image Matrix of Thinness and Muscularity - Female Bodies (BIMTM-FB) was developed. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The BIMTM-FB is a figure rating scale assessing both thinness and muscularity as part of the female body ideal. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The rising incidence of anorexia is thought to reflect the present idealization of thinness as a badge of upper-class status as well as of female beauty. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Along with nutritional diets girls should also gain muscle mass through physical exercises like weightlifting etc. to tone up their muscles to get rid of your thinness and gain weight. (health-information.xyz)
  • At the same time, thinness became firmly associated with wealth - having the time and money to work on your body - an aspiration that has been deeply entrenched by advertising and the day-to-day practices of the fashion industry. (accessibletrainingbuilder.com)
  • What we are seeing in the media these days is an influence toward extreme thinness of body shape. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Because of its relative thinness and light weight, it can be rolled into a tight and compact bundle, making it perfect for toting back and forth from class, taking on a trip, or carrying along while walking or hiking. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Blog how to present to you in this article everything related to thinness: causes, problems, and ways to treat thinness and gain appropriate weight through some easy recipes. (kayfblog.com)
  • Suffering of people from some chronic diseases: with the presence and multiplicity of diseases that cause weight loss and that contribute to the person not remaining in his natural state, which works to cause the individual to reach the stage of thinness, such as: vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea in these cases, it is difficult for the individual to acquire the process of gaining weight. (kayfblog.com)
  • A continuous month or until you get the required weight, as this method will help to eliminate thinness and help in gaining weight. (kayfblog.com)
  • But this new finding suggested that the gene may play a role as a novel thinness gene involved in weight-gain resistance. (bajaprogofficial.com)
  • Our culture may not punish people who practice weight bias because our culture values thinness (1). (cdc.gov)
  • The most effective and natural way for the treatment of thinness for girls is by increasing the intake of calories by eating healthy foods instead of junk foods with high calories as they can be more harmful for their health. (health-information.xyz)
  • Furthermore, insecure striving was a significant moderator between a low social rank and the endorsement of the importance of thinness and dieting behaviours in women. (ijpsy.com)
  • There are many reasons for thinness in women, but today there are some cases that are latent and unknown reasons for their thinness. (kayfblog.com)
  • Many people like to eat halva, so it helps to get rid of thinness and treat it because it contains a high amount of sugar and a sweet taste. (kayfblog.com)
  • The post Unraveling the female thinness premium appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION. (factuel.news)
  • If the latter is true, it raises the question whether the greater cultural significance placed on female rather than male thinness might be a factor. (medscape.com)
  • Eating high calorie healthy diet is the best treatment of thinness for girls. (health-information.xyz)
  • Extreme thinness annoys many girls when they choose some clothes and they cannot wear them normally, which is difficult for them to wear because of the thinness, as it works on the inconsistency of clothes with each other, as this creates a feeling of permanent and continuous discomfort for long periods. (kayfblog.com)
  • Cultural attitudes towards beauty and thinness may also be a factor in whether a person binges. (yourdictionary.com)
  • The peculiar merits of the Venetian manufacture are the elegance of form and the surprising lightness and thinness of the substance of the vessels produced. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Updos are natural choices, and blondes can easily create sleek looks because the thinness of the hair is easy to twist into stunning arrangements without unwieldy bulk. (yourdictionary.com)
  • The estimation results indicate that the positive correlation between a husband's income and his wife's thinness is primarily attributed to a male preference for thinner spouses. (factuel.news)
  • Owing to the thinness of the population, however, but a small proportion of the soil is under cultivation, and the quantity of grain grown in the island is comparatively meagre. (yourdictionary.com)
  • In purity of tone and velvetlike gloss of surface there is distinct inferiority on the side of the Japanese ware, but in thinness of pale it supports comparison, and in profusion and beauty of incised decoration it excels its Chinese original. (yourdictionary.com)
  • A thinness comparison between UltraThineer and a conventional veneer. (businesswire.com)
  • Environmental influences include participation in work or sports that emphasize thinness , such as modeling, dancing, or gymnastics. (yourdictionary.com)