Therapeutic human experimentation. Medical search

Human experimentation that is intended to benefit the subjects on whom it is performed.

The use of humans as investigational subjects.

Human experimentation that is not intended to benefit the subjects on whom it is performed. Phase I drug studies (CLINICAL TRIALS, PHASE I AS TOPIC) and research involving healthy volunteers are examples of nontherapeutic human experimentation.

Criminal acts committed during, or in connection with, war, e.g., maltreatment of prisoners, willful killing of civilians, etc.

The use of animals as investigational subjects.

The moral and ethical bases of the protection of animals from cruelty and abuse. The rights are extended to domestic animals, laboratory animals, and wild animals.

The fundamental dispositions and traits of humans. (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories.

The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.

'Laboratory animals' are non-human creatures that are intentionally used in scientific research, testing, and education settings to investigate physiological processes, evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs or medical devices, and teach anatomy, surgical techniques, and other healthcare-related skills.

The doctrines and policies of the Nazis or the National Social German Workers party, which ruled Germany under Adolf Hitler from 1933-1945. These doctrines and policies included racist nationalism, expansionism, and state control of the economy. (from Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. and American Heritage College Dictionary, 3d ed.)

The place of medicine in the American prison: ethical issues in the treatment of offenders. (1/104)

In Britain doctors and others concerned with the treatment of offenders in prison may consult the Butler Report (see Focus, pp 157) and specialist journals, but these sources are concerned with the system in Britain only. In America the situation is different, both in organization and in certain attitudes. Dr Peter L Sissons has therefore provided a companion article to that of Dr Paul Bowden (page 163) describing the various medical issues in prisons. The main difference between the treatment of offenders in prisons in America and in Britain lies in the nature of the federal system which means that each state may operate a different system in a variety of prisons and prison medical services are as various. Nationally, the prison systems are 'structured to treat and cure the offender'. Therefore it follows that the prison medical officer is only one of the professionals concerned with this 'cure' of the offender. This principle also applies to any form of research: medical research in prisons is part of a programme which covers a wide field of social and judicial research. The prison medical officer (where there is one) has of course to look after sick prisoners, and the American idea of 'cure' is also expressed in the need for more corrective surgery where, for example, it is necessary to remove physical impediments to social rehabilitation. But a doctor is only found on the staff of those institutions which are large: in the smaller prisons there may be only first-aid facilities, and no specially appointed doctor in the community. Moreover medicines are often dispensed by medical auxiliaries who are sometimes prisoners themselves. Finally, in America prisoners are regularly invited to volunteer as subjects for medical and social research for which they are paid. In short, although it is hoped to 'cure' a prisoner he is a criminal first and a patient second. (+info)

Selecting subjects for participation in clinical research: one sphere of justice. (2/104)

Recent guidelines from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandate the inclusion of adequate numbers of women in clinical trials. Ought such standards to apply internationally? Walzer's theory of justice is brought to bear on the problem, the first use of the theory in research ethics, and it argues for broad application of the principle of adequate representation. A number of practical conclusions for research ethics committees (RECs) are outlined. Eligibility criteria in clinical trials ought to be justified by trial designers. Research ethics committees ought to question criteria that seem to exclude unnecessarily women from research participation. The issue of adequate representation should be construed broadly, so as to include consideration of the representation of the elderly, persons with HIV, mental illness and substance abuse disorders in clinical research. (+info)

Impact of therapeutic research on informed consent and the ethics of clinical trials: a medical oncology perspective. (3/104)

PURPOSE: To create a more meaningful understanding of the informed consent process as it has come to be practiced and regulated in clinical trials, this discussion uses the experience gained from the conduct of therapeutic research that involves cancer patients. DESIGN: After an introduction of the ethical tenets of the consent process in clinical research that involves potentially vulnerable patients as research subjects, background that details the use of written consent documents and of the term "informed consent" is provided. Studies from the cancer setting that examine the inadequacies of written consent documents, and the outcome of the consent process itself, are reviewed. Two ethically challenging areas of cancer clinical research, the phase I trial and the randomized controlled trial, are discussed briefly as a means of highlighting many dilemmas present in clinical trials. Before concluding, areas for future research are discussed. RESULTS: Through an exclusive cancer research perspective, many current deficiencies in the informed consent process for therapeutic clinical trials can be critically examined. Also, new directions for improvements and areas of further research can be outlined and discussed objectively. The goals of such improvements and research should be prevention of further misguided or ineffective efforts to regulate the informed consent process. CONCLUSION: To ignore this rich and interesting perspective potentially contributes to continued misunderstanding and apathy toward fulfilling the regulatory and ethically obligatory requirements involved in an essential communication process between a clinician-investigator and a potentially vulnerable patient who is considering clinical trial participation. (+info)

The status of the do-not-resuscitate order in Chinese clinical trial patients in a cancer centre. (4/104)

OBJECTIVE: To report and analyse the pattern of end-of-life decision making for terminal Chinese cancer patients. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: A cancer clinical trials unit in a large teaching hospital. PATIENTS: From April 1992 to August 1997, 177 consecutive deaths of cancer clinical trial patients were studied. MAIN MEASUREMENT: Basic demographic data, patient status at the time of signing a DNR consent, or at the moment of returning home to die are documented, and circumstances surrounding these events evaluated. RESULTS: DNR orders were written for 64.4% of patients. Patients in pain (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.22-0.89), especially if requiring opioid analgesia (odds ratio 0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.77), were factors associated with a higher probability of such an order. Thirty-five patients were taken home to die, a more likely occurrence if the patient was over 75 years (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.04-0.34), had children (odds ratio 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.79), had Taiwanese as a first language (odds ratio 6.74, 95% CI 3.04-14.93), or was unable to intake orally (odds ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.26-5.92). CPR was performed in 30 patients, none survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: DNR orders are instituted in a large proportion of dying Chinese cancer patients in a cancer centre, however, the order is seldom signed by the patient personally. This study also illustrates that as many as 20% of dying patients are taken home to die, in accordance with local custom. (+info)

Should Zelen pre-randomised consent designs be used in some neonatal trials? (5/104)

My aim is to suggest that there is a case for using a randomised consent design in some neonatal trials. As an example I use the trials of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates suffering pulmonary hypertension. In some trials the process of obtaining consent has the potential to harm the subject, for example, by disappointing those who end in the control group and by creating additional anxiety at times of acute illness. An example of such were the trials of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates suffering pulmonary hypertension. Pre-randomised consent could avoid or lessen these harms. However, a number of ethical objections are made to these research designs. They involve denial of information, using people, denial of choice, and "overselling" of allocated treatment. Furthermore, they are the wrong response; better communication might be the answer, for example. I argue that these objections are not completely persuasive. However, they are enough to suggest caution in the use of such designs. (+info)

Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. (6/104)

BACKGROUND: Studies have documented the underrepresentation of women and blacks in clinical trials, and their recruitment is now federally mandated. However, little is known about the level of participation of elderly patients. We determined the rates of enrollment of patients 65 years of age or older in trials of treatment for cancer. METHODS: We analyzed data on 16,396 patients consecutively enrolled in 164 Southwest Oncology Group treatment trials between 1993 and 1996 according to sex, race (black or white), and age under 65 years or 65 or older. These rates were compared with the corresponding rates in the general population of patients with cancer, derived from the 1990 U.S. Census and from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for the period from 1992 through 1994. Fifteen types of cancer were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The overall proportions of women and blacks enrolled in Southwest Oncology Group trials were similar to or the same as the estimated proportions in the U.S. population of patients with cancer (women, 41 percent and 43 percent; blacks, 10 percent and 10 percent, respectively). In contrast, patients 65 years of age or older were underrepresented overall (25 percent vs. 63 percent, P<0.001) and in trials involving all 15 types of cancer except lymphoma. The underrepresentation was particularly notable in trials of treatment for breast cancer (9 percent vs. 49 percent, P<0.001). The findings were similar when data on patients who were 70 years of age or older were analyzed, when 15 trials that excluded older patients were eliminated from the analysis, and when community-based enrollment was analyzed separately from enrollment at academic centers. CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in studies of treatment for cancer. The reasons should be clarified, and policies adopted to correct this underrepresentation. (+info)

The family rule: a framework for obtaining ethical consent for medical interventions from children. (7/104)

Children's consent to treatment remains a contentious topic, with confusing legal precepts and advice. This paper proposes that informed consent in children should be regarded as shared between children and their families, the balance being determined by implicit, developmentally based negotiations between child and parent--a "family rule" for consent. Consistent, operationalized procedures for ethically obtaining consent can be derived from its application to both routine and contentious situations. Therefore, use of the "family Rule" concept can consistently define negligent procedure in obtaining consent from children, and could be used as a unifying framework in the development of new professional guidelines. A "guideline"-based approach to children's consent to treatment may offer greater individuality than a "rights"-based approach, though careful training and oversight will be needed for it to be effective. (+info)

Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (8/104)

Research that is initiated, designed or funded by sponsor agencies based in countries with relatively high social and economic development, and conducted in countries that are relatively less developed, gives rise to many important ethical challenges. Although clinical trials of HIV vaccines began ten years ago in the US and Europe, an increasing number of trials are now being conducted or planned in other countries, including several that are considered "developing" countries. Safeguarding the rights and welfare of individuals participating as research subjects in developing countries is a priority. In September, 1997, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) embarked on a process of international consultation; its purpose was further to define the important ethical issues and to formulate guidance that might facilitate the ethical design and conduct of HIV vaccine trials in international contexts. This paper summarises the major outcomes of the UNAIDS consultative process. (+info)

Therapeutic human experimentation, also known as clinical research or clinical trials, is a branch of medical research that involves the testing of new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures on human subjects. The goal of this type of research is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these interventions in order to determine whether they should be approved for use in clinical practice.

The term "therapeutic" is used to distinguish this type of research from non-therapeutic research, which does not involve direct medical benefit to the participant. In therapeutic human experimentation, participants may receive some potential direct medical benefit from their participation, although they may also experience risks or side effects.

Therapeutic human experimentation is subject to strict ethical guidelines and regulations, including informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and independent review by ethics committees or institutional review boards (IRBs). These safeguards are designed to protect the rights and welfare of research participants and ensure that the research is conducted in a responsible and transparent manner.

Human experimentation is a branch of medical research that involves conducting experiments on human subjects. According to the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, which sets ethical standards for medical research involving human subjects, human experimentation is defined as "systematic study designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge."

Human experimentation can take many forms, including clinical trials of new drugs or medical devices, observational studies, and interventional studies. In all cases, the principles of informed consent, risk minimization, and respect for the autonomy and dignity of the research subjects must be strictly adhered to.

Human experimentation has a controversial history, with many instances of unethical practices and abuse, such as the notorious Tuskegee syphilis study in which African American men were deliberately left untreated for syphilis without their informed consent. As a result, there are strict regulations and guidelines governing human experimentation to ensure that it is conducted ethically and with the utmost respect for the rights and welfare of research subjects.

Nontherapeutic human experimentation refers to medical research studies in which the primary goal is not to directly benefit the participants, but rather to advance scientific knowledge or develop new medical technologies. These studies often involve some level of risk or discomfort for the participants, and may include the administration of experimental treatments, procedures, or interventions.

Nontherapeutic human experimentation can take many forms, including clinical trials, observational studies, and other types of research involving human subjects. In these studies, researchers must carefully weigh the potential benefits of the research against the risks to the participants, and ensure that all participants are fully informed of the nature of the study, its purposes, and any potential risks or benefits before providing their consent to participate.

It's important to note that nontherapeutic human experimentation is subject to strict ethical guidelines and regulations, designed to protect the rights and welfare of research participants. These guidelines and regulations are intended to ensure that all research involving human subjects is conducted in a responsible and ethical manner, with the goal of advancing scientific knowledge while minimizing harm to participants.

I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term "war crimes" is a legal concept and does not fall under the category of medical definitions. War crimes are serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in armed conflicts. They include acts such as deliberate attacks on civilians or civilian infrastructure, torture, hostage-taking, and the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury.

If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them!

Animal experimentation, also known as animal testing, refers to the use of non-human animals in scientific research and testing to understand the effects of various substances, treatments, or procedures on living organisms. This practice is performed with the goal of advancing medical and veterinary knowledge, developing new medications, treatments, and surgical techniques, as well as studying basic biological processes and diseases.

In animal experimentation, researchers expose animals to specific conditions, treatments, or substances and then analyze their responses, behaviors, physiological changes, or other outcomes. The selection of animal species for these experiments depends on the research question and the similarities between the animal model and the human or target species under investigation. Commonly used animals include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, primates, and dogs.

Animal experimentation has been instrumental in numerous scientific breakthroughs and medical advancements throughout history. However, it remains a controversial topic due to ethical concerns regarding the treatment and welfare of animals used in research. Many organizations advocate for the reduction, refinement, or replacement (3Rs) of animal testing, aiming to minimize animal suffering and find alternative methods whenever possible.

"Animal rights" is a term that refers to the philosophical and moral stance that non-human animals have inherent value and basic rights to live free from exploitation, harm, and unnecessary suffering. This perspective holds that animals are not merely property or resources for human use, but sentient beings capable of experiencing pleasure and pain, just like humans.

The concept of animal rights is often associated with the abolitionist movement, which advocates for an end to all forms of animal exploitation, including farming, hunting, fishing, entertainment, experimentation, and clothing production. Instead, proponents of animal rights argue that animals should be treated with respect and compassion, and that their interests and well-being should be considered on par with those of humans.

It is important to note that the concept of animal rights can vary in scope and specifics, with some advocates focusing on certain species or issues, while others take a more comprehensive approach. Ultimately, the goal of the animal rights movement is to promote a more just and equitable relationship between humans and animals, based on respect for their inherent worth and dignity.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "human characteristics" is not a medical term or concept. It refers to the typical traits, attributes, and features that define humans as a species, both physically and behaviorally. Physical human characteristics include bipedal locomotion, large brains, and fine motor skills, while behavioral characteristics can include complex language use, self-awareness, and sociality.

However, if you have any specific medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to help answer them to the best of my ability!

Animal testing alternatives, also known as alternative methods or replacement methods, refer to scientific techniques that can be used to replace the use of animals in research and testing. These methods aim to achieve the same scientific objectives while avoiding harm to animals. There are several categories of animal testing alternatives:

1. In vitro (test tube or cell culture) methods: These methods involve growing cells or tissues in a laboratory setting, outside of a living organism. They can be used to study the effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances on specific cell types or tissues.
2. Computer modeling and simulation: Advanced computer programs and algorithms can be used to model biological systems and predict how they will respond to various stimuli. These methods can help researchers understand complex biological processes without using animals.
3. In silico (using computer models) methods: These methods involve the use of computational tools and databases to predict the potential toxicity or other biological effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances. They can be used to identify potential hazards and prioritize further testing.
4. Microdosing: This method involves giving human volunteers very small doses of a drug or chemical, followed by careful monitoring to assess its safety and pharmacological properties. This approach can provide valuable information while minimizing the use of animals.
5. Tissue engineering: Scientists can create functional tissue constructs using cells, scaffolds, and bioreactors. These engineered tissues can be used to study the effects of drugs, chemicals, and other substances on human tissues without using animals.
6. Human-based approaches: These methods involve the use of human volunteers, donated tissues, or cells obtained from consenting adults. Examples include microdosing, organ-on-a-chip technology, and the use of human cell lines in laboratory experiments.

These animal testing alternatives can help reduce the number of animals used in research and testing, refine experimental procedures to minimize suffering, and replace the use of animals with non-animal methods whenever possible.

Animal welfare is a concept that refers to the state of an animal's physical and mental health, comfort, and ability to express normal behaviors. It encompasses factors such as proper nutrition, housing, handling, care, treatment, and protection from harm and distress. The goal of animal welfare is to ensure that animals are treated with respect and consideration, and that their needs and interests are met in a responsible and ethical manner.

The concept of animal welfare is based on the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and emotions, and that they have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. It is guided by principles such as the "Five Freedoms," which include freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.

Animal welfare is an important consideration in various fields, including agriculture, research, conservation, entertainment, and companionship. It involves a multidisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge from biology, ethology, veterinary medicine, psychology, philosophy, and law. Ultimately, animal welfare aims to promote the humane treatment of animals and to ensure their well-being in all aspects of their lives.

'Laboratory animals' are defined as non-human creatures that are used in scientific research and experiments to study various biological phenomena, develop new medical treatments and therapies, test the safety and efficacy of drugs, medical devices, and other products. These animals are kept under controlled conditions in laboratory settings and are typically purpose-bred for research purposes.

The use of laboratory animals is subject to strict regulations and guidelines to ensure their humane treatment and welfare. The most commonly used species include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, dogs, cats, non-human primates, and fish. Other less common species may also be used depending on the specific research question being studied.

The primary goal of using laboratory animals in research is to advance our understanding of basic biological processes and develop new medical treatments that can improve human and animal health. However, it is important to note that the use of animals in research remains a controversial topic due to ethical concerns regarding their welfare and potential for suffering.

National Socialism, also known as Nazism, is not a medical term. It is a political ideology that originated in Germany in the early 20th century and was associated with the Nazi Party and its leader, Adolf Hitler. The ideology was characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, anti-Semitism, and totalitarianism.

While National Socialism is not a medical term, it has had significant impacts on the history of medicine, particularly during World War II when the Nazi regime implemented policies that led to the systematic persecution and murder of millions of people, including six million Jews in the Holocaust. The Nazi regime also conducted unethical medical experiments on prisoners in concentration camps, which have been widely condemned.

Therefore, while National Socialism is not a medical term, it is important for medical professionals to be aware of its historical context and the ways in which political ideologies can impact medical ethics and practice.

"Historical origins of the Nuremberg Code". In: The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. ... The guidelines clearly distinguished the difference between therapeutic and non-therapeutic research. For therapeutic purposes ... The Nuremberg Code (German: Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the ... In response to the criticism of unethical human experimentation, the Weimar Republic (Germany's government from 1919 to 1933) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Code

v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Medical experimentation on prisoners, Human subject ... Marks, Harry M. (2000). The progress of experiment: Science and therapeutic reform in the United States 1900-1990. p. 105. ISBN ... Mahoney noted that the method of inducing gonorrhea in humans was unreliable and could not provide meaningful tests of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Haute_prison_experiments

... nontherapeutic human experimentation MeSH H01.770.644.145.500.875 - therapeutic human experimentation MeSH H01.770.644.241 - ... human genome project MeSH H01.770.644.145.500 - human experimentation MeSH H01.770.644.145.500.100 - autoexperimentation MeSH ... visible human project MeSH H01.158.100.216 - regional anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.279 - veterinary anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.433 - ... human genome project MeSH H01.158.273.343.290 - behavioral genetics MeSH H01.158.273.343.290.400 - genetic determinism MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(H01)

"Informed Consent to Human Experimentation". Springer Publishing Company. Retrieved 26 September 2013. "PUBLIC LAW 114-255-DEC. ... sane and consensual World Medical Association Therapeutic misconception Shah, Parth; Thornton, Imani; Turrin, Danielle; ... Annas, Glantz, Katz, George, Leonard, Barbara (1977). Informed Consent to Human Experimentation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: ... prior and informed consent Human experimentation Informed assent Informed refusal International Conference on Harmonisation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent

They also outline specific definitions for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic research in human subjects (dubbed "innovative ... ACHRE Chapter 2: Nuremburg and Research with Patients (1995) Human Sacrifice and Human Experimentation: Reflections at ... The Guidelines for Human Experimentation remained in effect through the end of the Third Reich in 1945, and continued to exist ... Notably, Nazi human experimentation occurred under the existence of these laws. In the early 1940s in Germany doctors conducted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidelines_for_human_subject_research

Human experimentation in the United States Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments National Bioethics Advisory ... Lastly, non-therapeutic research upon a pregnant woman or fetus was approved only under the extenuating circumstance that ... National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was the first public national ... THE HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION SYSTEM Former Bioethics Commissions Reports of the National Commission for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_Human_Subjects_of_Biomedical_and_Behavioral_Research

... use of postoperative opium appears to have been well supported by the therapeutic practices of his day, and the regimen that he ... Annas, George J.; Grodin, Michael A. (1995). The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. ... Conahan, Frank (September 28, 1994). "Human Experimentation An Overview of Cold War Experimentation Programs" (PDF). United ... apology for Human Radiation Experiments Physicians for Human Rights Accuses CIA of Carrying Out Illegal Human Experimentation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States

In humans, 19 family members are currently known, with most S100 genes (S100A1 to S100A16). Proteins in the S100 gene family ... Despite this, their therapeutic effects take a period of several weeks to months. Recent studies show that protein p11 ... Under experimentation, mice deficient in the p11 protein display depression-like behaviors. Knockout experiments in which the ... Kato S, Sekine S, Oh SW, Kim NS, Umezawa Y, Abe N, Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Aoki T (Dec 1994). "Construction of a human full- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100A10

... can resemble if not correlate with peripheral mononeuropathy experiences in humans. Through Dougherty's experimentation process ... the therapeutic effects of dextrorphan and ketamine on neuropathic pain behaviours may be related to their ability to reduce ... Further experimentation is needed to determine what these early mechanisms are and how they might be manipulated". Robinson, ... PMID 20353146 - via Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. "Peripheral neuropathy". Mayo Clinic. 22 May 2019. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_mononeuropathy

Human knowledge comes from human observation, experimentation, and rational analysis (the scientific method), and not from ... There are many therapeutic responses to this question. For example, Viktor Frankl argues for "Dereflection", which translates ... Life or human existence has no real meaning or purpose because human existence occurred out of a random chance in nature, and ... Postmodernist thought-broadly speaking-sees human nature as constructed by language, or by structures and institutions of human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_of_life

Gruber, Franz P.; Hartung, Thomas (2004). "Alternatives to Animal Experimentation in Basic Research" (PDF). ALTEX. 21 (Suppl 1 ... Therapeutic antibodies, Monoclonal antibodies, Antibodies). ... Human anti-mouse antibody or human anti-murine antibody (HAMA) ... Doctors have termed this the "HAMA response," referring to the development of Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies (HAMA). The HAMA ... Monoclonal antibodies can be generated for human use without mice by using in vitro techniques. MAbs manufactured using these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anti-mouse_antibody

Human experimentation in the United States The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease List of medical ... The book documents clinical non-therapeutic medical experiments on prison inmates at Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia from ... Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison (Review) Canadian Journal of History, April 1, 2001. Hornblum, Allen ( ... Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison is a 1998 book by Allen Hornblum. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acres_of_Skin

Trial which examined the human experimentation conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II, offers ten principles for ... diagnostic or therapeutic method; or - Where a prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic method is being investigated for a minor ... This does not exclude the use of placebo, or no treatment, in studies where no proven prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic ... However, there is controversy over what might or might not be an appropriate placebo for such therapeutic treatments. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo-controlled_study

Lewis, Amini and Lannon first make their case by examining a story from the dawn of scientific experimentation in human ... Limbic revision is the therapeutic alteration of personality residing in the human limbic system of the brain. Dr. Allan Schore ... In humans this may entail not so much competitive and aggressive traits as an ability to enter into a positive affective ... As anyone who has owned a puppy can attest, when left alone it will cry, bark, howl, and seek to rejoin its human or canine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_resonance

Roberts I, Kwan I, Evans P, Haig S (February 2002). "Does animal experimentation inform human healthcare? Observations from a ... In 2021, the approach has been adapted to model Lassa fever and to show the therapeutic effects of peptide FX-06 for Lassa ... They have developed a microfluidic human-on-a-chip, culturing four different cell types to mimic four human organs: liver, lung ... Culture cells were grown on either side of the membrane: human alveolar epithelial cells on one side, and human pulmonary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

The first human trial was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2009. However, the human trial was not ... Strauer BE, Schannwell CM, Brehm M (April 2009). "Therapeutic potentials of stem cells in cardiac diseases". Minerva ... Roman Catholic teaching forbids the use of embryonic stem cells in experimentation; accordingly, the Vatican newspaper " ... Many nations currently have moratoria or limitations on either human ES cell research or the production of new human ES cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell

Human cancer stem cells from glioblastoma multiforme. In a human prostate cancer cell line, STAT3-Ser was shown to promote ... Identifying these properties (through theoretical predictions and experimentation) sheds light on the function of the pathway ... Several efforts are currently aimed at relating this pathway to other signaling pathways and to manipulate it in a therapeutic ... Human embryonic stem cells Mouse neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. An individual signal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hes3_signaling_axis

There is an argument that the technique is very close to human cloning, which is generally objected to. There is also ... The latter point is particularly evidenced by the death of the fetuses in China in the earlier experimentation, which caused ... Cellular Reconstruction and the Special Programme of Therapeutic Cloning at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou. He is also a ... In the US, the FDA restricts any mitochondrial transfer techniques in humans, and requires an Investigational New Drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Zhang

... the latter are close to humans but raise ethical concerns about primate experimentation. Special devices exist to deliver blows ... One experimental treatment, therapeutic hypothermia, is used in treatment but there is no evidence that it improves outcomes. ... A phase I/II clinical trials implanting NSCs into humans with SCI began in 2011 and ended in June 2015. Mesenchymal stem cells ... Animal studies with injection of bone marrow stem cells have shown improvement in motor function; however not so in a human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury_research

Following years of animal experimentation, the first neuroprosthetic devices implanted in humans appeared in the mid-1990s. ... Therapeutic applications and their potential misuse Safety risks Non-convertibility of some of the changes made to the brain ... Questions personality: what does it mean to be a human? Blurring of the division between human and machine and inability to ... experimentation Questions of research ethics that arise when progressing from animal experimentation to application in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface

Animal experimentation by various pioneers, including Vladimir Demikhov and Henry Metras, during the 1940s and 1950s first ... Lung transplantation is the therapeutic measure of last resort for patients with end-stage lung disease who have exhausted all ... James Hardy of the University of Mississippi performed the first human lung transplant on June 11, 1963. Following a single- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_transplantation

Two abortion-related bills were passed 1971: one, LD 1373, "An Act Relating to Termination of Human Pregnancy by Therapeutic ... "An Act Prohibiting the Use and Sale of Human Fetus for Experimentation"; LD 952, "An Act Relating to Discrimination Against ... By the end of the 1800s, all states in the Union, except Louisiana, had therapeutic exceptions in their legislative bans on ... Abortion"; and the other, LD 1406, "An Act Relating to Termination of Human Pregnancy by Medical Decision". In 1973, the year ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_Maine

... human learning, memory and intelligence, and new therapeutic approaches against brain diseases. Biological organoid ... Notable innovation products: an open source automated experimentation science platform (BacterAI) for predicting microbial ... Computational biologists reported the largest detailed human genetic genealogy, unifying human genomes from many sources for ... "Accelerating science with human-aware artificial intelligence". Nature Human Behaviour: 1-15. arXiv:2306.01495. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_2020–present

For many years, therapeutic practices were based on Hippocratic humoral theory, popularized by the Greek physician Galen (129 ... Pharmacogenomics - the study of the human genome in order to understand the ways in which genetic factors determine the actions ... c. AD 216) and not on experimentation. In around the 17th century physicians started to apply use methods to study traditional ... There were no methods for evaluating such claims until rational therapeutic concepts were established in medicine, starting at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pharmacology

Frecska E (2007). "Therapeutic guidelines: dangers and contra-indications in therapeutic applications of hallucinogens". ... While these early studies are hard to find, the resurgence of interest in psychedelic drugs to treat humans end of life mindset ... ISBN 978-0-9641568-5-2. Dyck E (June 2005). "Flashback: psychiatric experimentation with LSD in historical perspective". ... in a therapeutic context. The therapeutic team prepares the patient for the experience beforehand and helps them integrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_therapy

... is an American neurologist who studies the mechanisms of both the therapeutic and adverse effects of drugs. ... Through the Sealfon Laboratory and The Mount Sinai Medical Center, he oversees research on human hallucinogenic drugs of abuse ... He directs the multi-institutional Program for Research on Immune Modeling and Experimentation (PRIME), an NIH-funded Modeling ... "The human herpesvirus 8 chemokine receptor vGPCR triggers autonomous proliferation of endothelial cells". J Clin Invest. 116 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_C._Sealfon

The Kefauver-Harris Amendment strengthened the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's control of experimentation on humans and ... and Cosmetic Act Frances Oldham Kelsey Regulation of therapeutic goods Peltzman, Sam. An Evaluation of Consumer Protection ... but which left no detectable levels of residue in the human food supply. Criticism of the FDA Directive 65/65/EEC1 (Europe) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefauver–Harris_Amendment

"The Therapeutic Effect of Total Body Irradiation Followed by Infusion of Stored Autologous Marrow in Humans" received varying ... marking the end of major human irradiation experimentation in the U.S. that began after World War II and continued throughout ... Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (1996). The Human Radiation Experiments. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. ... Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (1996). The Human Radiation Experiments. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Radiation_Experiments

... and Their Applications to Human Welfare Therapeutic effect Vis medicatrix naturae Vitalism According to Devereaux, et al. (2002 ... Benjamin Franklin, in 1784, was probably the first to use blinding in scientific experimentation. Louis XVI commissioned ... The action of a medicine, introduced into the human body, is a new force, combined with the principal force by which our life ... This requirement, of course, demanded that Freud sat at the end of the therapeutic couch - in order to gain easy access to his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Animal_Magnetism

Unethical human experimentation in the United States List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States#J. Marion ... therapeutic surgical experimentation] I was fortunate in having three young healthy colored girls given to me by their owners ... he manipulated the social institution of slavery to perform human experimentation, which by any standard is unacceptable. Terri ... Savitt, Todd L. (August 1982). "The Use of Blacks for Medical Experimentation and Demonstration in the Old South". The Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Marion_Sims

Results of search for su:{Therapeutic human experimentation} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BTherapeutic%20human%20experimentation%7D

Therapeutic Human Experimentation * Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / prevention & control * United States * United States Public ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9295243/?dopt=Abstract

Therapeutic Human Experimentation * Therapies, Investigational* * Tissue Transplantation * United States Substances * Hormones ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11660435/?dopt=Abstract

... and therapeutic and non-therapeutic research first emerged. This issue assumes renewed importance in the context of current ... Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code BMJ 1996; 313 :1445 doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1445 ... New research, however, indicates that ethical issues of informed consent in guidelines for human experimentation were ... controversy and public debate ensued about the ethics of human experimentation.1 2 3 4 ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/313/7070/1445.full

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Code

NON-THERAPEUTIC BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN. SUBJECTS (Non-Clinical Biomedical Research). 1. In the purely scientific ... Medical progress is based on research which ultimately must rest in part on experimentation. involving human subjects.. In the ... The purpose of biomedical research involving human subjects must be to improve diagnostic,. therapeutic and prophylactic ... research involving human subjects. They should be kept under review in the future. It must be. stressed that the standards as ...

https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/doh-oct1983/

Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic ... However, the effects of GATA3 in human astrocytes after injury are not known. Therefore, in this report, we investigated how ... However, the effects of GATA3 in human astrocytes after injury are not known. Therefore, in this report, we investigated how ... However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. Gata3 was ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00023/full

... and organ-on-a-chip in vitro human experimentation technology * Computational Design & Discovery Combining predictive ... Therapeutic discovery and diagnostics development enabled by microsystems engineering, molecular engineering, computational ... Humans of the Wyss Liqun Wang on Delivering Drugs to the Brain ... capable of modulating immune cells ex vivo and in the human ...

https://wyss.harvard.edu/

In fact, in the Weimar Republic, ethical standards for human experimentation were "remarkably advanced," they write. In 1931 ... Non-therapeutic research was "under no circumstances permissible without consent," a cost-benefit analysis and animal ... experimentation were required to minimize the risk to humans; publication of results had to respect human dignity, and so on. ... German medicine under Hitler resulted in so many horrors - eugenics, human experimentation, forced sterilization, involuntary ...

https://alexschadenberg.blogspot.com/2017/05/

... experimentation on embryos which is not directly therapeutic is illicit. No objective, even though noble in itself, such as a ... Human Trafficking *Day of Awareness Against Human Trafficking *Novena to End Human Trafficking ... "Human cloning does not treat any disease but turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process, by which human beings are ... "If the embryos are living, whether viable or not, they must be respected just like any other human person; experimentation on ...

https://www.archdiocese-no.org/human-cloning-stem-cell-research

Therapeutic Human Experimentation 100% * Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 48% * Compassionate Use Trials 37% ... The human TRIDENT/HFH-11/FKHL16 gene: structure, localization and promoter characterization. Korver, W., Roose, J., Heinen, K. ... The roles of FGF and MAP kinase signaling in the segregation of the epiblast and hypoblast cell lineages in bovine and human ... The seventh international RASopathies symposium: Pathways to a cure-expanding knowledge, enhancing research, and therapeutic ...

https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/nl/organisations/hubrecht-institute/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=title&descending=true&page=4

... direct sterilization and non-therapeutic experimentation on human subjects, less attention has been given to the implications ... Rather, the limits of human dominium are determined by the nature and finalities, inherent or acquired, of the objects in ... ABSTRACTThis essay brings Martha Nussbaums politically liberal version of the Capabilities Approach to human development into ... for human "enhancement." We will explore the degree to which TPoT non-univocally guides our use of both artifacts and bodies. ...

https://philpapers.org/s/Joshua%20Schulz

Cobbe is pointing out anything new and unknown about human cloning to his research colleagues; they know the accurate objective ... "Both the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki stipulate that any allowed experimentation involving human subjects ... But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform "therapeutic" human cloning research, ... human embryonic stem cells been adequately tested on non-human animals before being applied to vulnerable human patients? This ...

https://lifeissues.net/writers/irv/irv_122cobbe1.html

4. Medical progress is based on research which ultimately must rest in part on experimentation involving human subjects.. 5. In ... 6. The primary purpose of medical research involving human subjects is to improve prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic ... Medical research involving human subjects includes research on identifiable human material or identifiable data.. 2. It is the ... diagnostic or therapeutic method; or - Where a prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic method is being investigated for a minor ...

https://ahrp.org/declaration-of-helsinki/

Ethical aspects of human experimentation. Examples of experimental protocols.. 4. Adverse drug reactions. Monitoring of adverse ... 5. The therapeutic regime and the methods for its determination. Multiple dose regimen. Accumulation, "steady-state" and " ... Requirements for the admission of new preparations for human experimentation. Toxicology - Evaluation of drug toxicity: acute ... 4. drug development, pharmacotoxicological experimentation and drug regulation, concerning the origin and experimentation of ...

https://www.uninsubria.eu/ugov/degreecourse/120754

... a triumph of human clinical observation, not primate experimentation, as was described in your own pages two years ago (New ... Eighty HIV vaccines - 50 preventive and 30 therapeutic, according to the US National Institutes of Health - have failed in ... There are serious scientific objections to primate experimentation, the track record of which is in our view abysmal. ... The monoclonal antibody TGN1412 failed spectacularly this year in humans, causing major organ failure in six people at ...

https://www.newscientist.com/letter/mg19125580-100-no-need-for-monkeys/

Neural mobilization: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with an analysis of therapeutic efficacy. Ellis, R. F. ... Neural mobilization: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with an analysis of therapeutic efficacy. ... Neural mobilization: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with an analysis of therapeutic efficacy. ... A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with an analysis of therapeutic efficacy. Together they form a unique ...

https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/mobilizacje-struktur-nerwowych-przeglad-systematyczny-bada%C5%84-z-ran

Therapeutic Human Experimentation 97% * Signal Transduction 56% * Research Personnel 50% 45 Scopus citations ... A synthetic-natural hybrid oscillator in human cells. Toettcher, J. E., Mock, C., Batchelor, E., Loewer, A. & Lahav, G., Sep 28 ...

https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/persons/jared-e-toettcher/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=title&descending=false

Follicular lymphoma: evolving therapeutic strategies. Kahl, B. S. & Yang, D. T., Apr 28 2016, In: Blood. 127, 17, p. 2055-2063 ... Genomic Analysis in the Age of Human Genome Sequencing. Lappalainen, T., Scott, A. J., Brandt, M. & Hall, I. M., Mar 21 2019, ... Follicular lymphoma: Emerging therapeutic strategies. Kenkre, V. P. & Kahl, B. S., Aug 2010, In: Expert Review of Hematology. 3 ... Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with Malignant Epidural Spinal Cord Compression. Patel, D. A. & Campian, J. ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/organisations/section-of-medical-oncology/publications/?ordering=type&descending=false&page=67

Therapeutic Human Experimentation 80% * Feminism 53% * Cultural Anthropology 42% * Lenses 27% * Psychology 20% ... Dive into the research topics of The body politic: The relevance of an intersectional framework for therapeutic performance ... The body politic: The relevance of an intersectional framework for therapeutic performance research in drama therapy. ...

https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/the-body-politic-the-relevance-of-an-intersectional-framework-for/fingerprints/

Therapeutic Human Experimentation 26% * 2018 On the neuronal circuitry mediating l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Cenci, M. A., ...

https://portal.research.lu.se/en/persons/angela-cenci-nilsson/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment [E]. *Investigative Techniques [E05]. *Human Experimentation [ ... "Human Experimentation" by people in this website by year, and whether "Human Experimentation" was a major or minor topic of ... "Human Experimentation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Human Experimentation" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.ctsicn.org/display/28992

Human Subject Research at Fort Detrick. .PDF , 195.65 KB The U.S. Army established its offensive Biological Warfare program at ... The aim of this experimentation was to determine the effects of these chemicals on the nervous systems and mental functions of ... individuals and to evaluate preventive and therapeutic (treatment) agents to combat these effects. ... Therefore, it is not surprising that Edgewood Arsenal became the research hub for chemical agent testing on human subjects from ...

https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2021/09/02/DoD-launches-First-Aid-For-Severe-Trauma-for-HS-students?type=Reports&page=10

https://health.mil/News/Articles/2021/01/21/RHC-Europe-Soldiers-compete-for-Army-Best-Medic-title?type=Reports&page=10

... time that EC-derived rhSLPI provided cardio-vasculoprotective effects against I/R injury as a possible alternative therapeutic ... The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro paracrine protective effect and mechanisms of EC-derived human SLPI on ... Stable endothelial cells overexpressing human SLPI were generated from an endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). The cytoprotective ... The results showed that endothelial-derived recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) reduced simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-(81.75 ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/11/678

... legitimating experimentation on other human beings, born and unborn. Kass and Daniel Callahan, for instance, have argued ... cloning as well as the explicit cloning of a human being, usually referred to as "reproductive" cloning. Therapeutic cloning, ... The manipulation and alteration of human life-and perhaps even human nature itself-raise questions about human dignity that ... But Kasss qualms about cloning are well-reasoned and based on a profound understanding of the unique moral character of human ...

https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/science-fiction

Therapeutic Human Experimentation Medicine & Life Sciences 12% View full fingerprint Cite this. * APA ...

https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/adverse-drug-event-causality-analysis-adeca-a-process-for-evaluat

If such serious flaws were to be embedded into the language of any U. N. total human cloning ban, the global negative ... Scientific references I cite are all in concert with the international nomenclature on human embryology.] ... Human Cloning: An Abuse of Science, at the United Nations in preparation for the debates and voting to take place in November. ... "Therapeutic cloning" is obviously not therapeutic for the embryo. The new human is specifically created in order to be ...

http://lifeissues.net/writers/irv/irv_84cloningatun2.html

Translational Research is an open access journal publishing articles focusing on information derived from human experimentation ... Therapeutic advances in cell. *Tissue and gene therapy. *Cancer treatment. *Cardiovascular. *Metabolic and lipoprotein ...

https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-translational-research/aimsandscope.php

The purpose of biomedical research involving human subjects must be to improve diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic procedures and the understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of disease. (wma.net)
In current medical practice most diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic procedures involve hazards. (wma.net)
In the field of biomedical research a fundamental distinction must be recognized between medical research in which the aim is essentially diagnostic or therapeutic for a patient, and medical research, the essential object of which is purely scientific and without implying direct diagnostic or therapeutic value to the person subjected to the research. (wma.net)
Even the best proven prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic methods must continuously be challenged through research for their effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility and quality. (ahrp.org)
7. In current medical practice and in medical research, most prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involve risks and burdens. (ahrp.org)
The Covid-19 pandemic is a public health emergency that requires rapid responses to obtain new drugs, therapeutic regimens, vaccines and diagnostic tests to lessen the impact of the Sars-CoV-2 infection. (bvsalud.org)

experimentation on embryos which is not directly therapeutic is illicit. (archdiocese-no.org)
No objective, even though noble in itself, such as a foreseeable advantage to science, to other human beings or to society, can in any way justify experimentation on living human embryos or foetuses, whether viable or not, either inside or outside the mother's womb. (archdiocese-no.org)
To create embryos with the intention of destroying them, even with the intention of helping the sick, is completely incompatible with human dignity, because it makes the existence of a human being at the embryonic stage nothing more than a means to be used and destroyed. (archdiocese-no.org)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
Last August, President George W. Bush announced his decision banning federal funding for stem-cell research that involved the destruction of living human embryos. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)

Those involved in horrible crimes attempted to excuse themselves by arguing that there were no explicit rules governing medical research on human beings in Germany during the period and that research practices in Germany were not different from those in allied countries. (bmj.com)
Because it is essential that the results of laboratory experiments be applied to human beings to further scientific knowledge and to help suffering humanity, the World Medical Association has prepared the following recommendations as a guide to every physician in biomedical research involving human subjects. (wma.net)
9. In any research on human beings, each potential subject must be adequately informed of the aims, methods, anticipated benefits and potential hazards of the study and the discomfort it may entail. (wma.net)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
8. Medical research is subject to ethical standards that promote respect for all human beings and protect their health and rights. (ahrp.org)
Those opposed to such research think that the logic of justification behind therapeutic cloning will set a dangerous precedent, legitimating experimentation on other human beings, born and unborn. (commonwealmagazine.org)
[4] According to Lederer, antivivisectionists argued "it is not a question of animals or human beings, it is a question of animals and human beings" [5] , showing how concerns for human experimentation started when the public became worried about animal welfare. (notevenpast.org)

In the trial of USA v. Brandt, which became known as the "Doctors' Trial", German physicians responsible for conducting unethical medical procedures on humans during the war were tried. (wikipedia.org)
They focused on physicians who conducted inhumane and unethical human experiments in concentration camps, in addition to those who were involved in over 3.5 million sterilizations of German citizens. (wikipedia.org)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)
Subjecting human volunteers to risk in the absence of scientifically valid results from animal experiments is unethical. (who.int)

The use of humans as investigational subjects. (ctsicn.org)

Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
The House of Representatives has already passed a bill banning cloning, both so-called "therapeutic" cloning as well as the explicit cloning of a human being, usually referred to as "reproductive" cloning. (commonwealmagazine.org)
The procedure employed and the biological entities created in therapeutic and reproductive cloning are identical. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Although reasonable people can disagree about the moral status and "personhood" of the embryo, the distinction drawn between therapeutic and reproductive cloning is sophistry. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Kass and Daniel Callahan, for instance, have argued persuasively ("Ban Stand," New Republic , August 6, 2001) that there will be no effective way to control reproductive cloning once therapeutic cloning is permitted. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)

While the Thomistic tradition and the Catholic Church have drawn clear conclusions from the principle regarding, e.g., direct sterilization and non-therapeutic experimentation on human subjects, less attention has been given to the implications of TPoT for non-therapeutic procedures that may positively impact biological functioning or supra-biological goals-that is, for human "enhancement. (philpapers.org)
Evaluation and measurement of the pharmacological effect - Concentration-effect relationship - Principles of biological dosage - Power relationships - Therapeutic index. (uninsubria.eu)
A main aim of SBI's research is to develop and apply computational models based on biological experimentation that open new avenues for understanding and treatment of human diseases on a molecular level. (timeshighereducation.com)
In summary, cells and tissues are at the forefront of biological research, driving advancements in disease understanding, therapeutic interventions, drug development, and more. (filosofia-internet.net)

1. Biomedical research involving human subjects must conform to generally accepted scientific principles and should be based on adequately performed laboratory and animal experimentation and on a thorough knowledge of the scientific literature. (wma.net)
3. Biomedical research involving human subjects should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons and under the supervision of a clinically competent medical person. (wma.net)
4. Biomedical research involving human subjects cannot legitimately be carried out unless the importance of the objective is in proportion to the inherent risk to the subject. (wma.net)
5. Every biomedical research project involving human subjects should be preceded by careful assessment of predictable risks in comparison with foreseeable benefits to the subject or to others. (wma.net)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
Lessons from the disruptions and adaptations during the pandemic show that respect for fundamental ethical values in human experimentation in the context of a Public Health emergency can contribute to better preparedness in the response to outbreaks of infectious diseases and to the credibility of biomedical research. (bvsalud.org)

The model can be used to evaluate the efficacy as well as the toxicity of different therapeutic agents after intravascular injection. (bvsalud.org)
The efficacy of therapeutic interventions for zoonotic diseases is deemed to be comparable across species with scientifically valid results originating from a range of animal experiments. (who.int)

SBI, established in 2009, has successfully developed an integrated mathematical modelling and experimental research programme focusing on the design of new therapeutic approaches to diseases, primarily cancer, based on a systems level, mechanistic understanding of cellular signal transduction networks. (timeshighereducation.com)
Animal models are increasingly used to understand disease mechanisms and to screen promising therapeutic approaches. (sbir.gov)

Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic progenitor state and use them as an endogenous reservoir for repair. (frontiersin.org)

Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)

The Nuremberg Code (German: Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the court in U.S. v Brandt, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials that were held after the Second World War. (wikipedia.org)
Reports of experimentation not in accordance with the principles laid down in this Declaration should not be accepted for publication. (wma.net)
1. The World Medical Association has developed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles to provide guidance to physicians and other participants in medical research involving human subjects. (ahrp.org)
11. Medical research involving human subjects must conform to generally accepted scientific principles, be based on a thorough knowledge of the scientific literature, other relevant sources of information, and on adequate laboratory and, where appropriate, animal experimentation. (ahrp.org)
The World Health Organiza- tial benefits to humans faces similar principles for the use of animals in tion estimates that 25% of 57 million constraints. (who.int)

The issue of ethics with respect to medical experimentation in Germany during the 1930s and 1940s was crucial at the Nuremberg trials and related trials of doctors and public health officials. (bmj.com)
In this context the Nuremberg code of 1947 is generally regarded as the first document to set out ethical regulations in human experimentation based on informed consent. (bmj.com)
Although the Nuremberg trials generated awareness of human experimentation and the consequences it could have while also establishing a set of rules and regulations, we cannot understand human experimentation without first understanding what happened before these trials. (notevenpast.org)
As Lederer put it, the Nuremberg trials are not the start of human experimentation but, instead, part of it. (notevenpast.org)

Eighty HIV vaccines - 50 preventive and 30 therapeutic, according to the US National Institutes of Health - have failed in human trials following success in primates. (newscientist.com)
Once the active molecule appears to be ready for human testing in controlled clinical trials, then the question arises of how to formulate it to render it stable, adequately packaged, according to the chosen route of administration, and bioavailable to reach its target in the affected organs. (smw.ch)

New research, however, indicates that ethical issues of informed consent in guidelines for human experimentation were recognised as early as the nineteenth century. (bmj.com)
These guidelines shed light on the still contentious issue of when the concepts of autonomy, informed consent, and therapeutic and non-therapeutic research first emerged. (bmj.com)
But for every successful innovation, there were others that probably enabled a certain amount of human experimentation without what we would regard as informed consent. (medscape.com)

As a result of injury to some patients subjected to non-therapeutic research, however, controversy and public debate ensued about the ethics of human experimentation. (bmj.com)
The guidelines clearly distinguished the difference between therapeutic and non-therapeutic research. (wikipedia.org)
Medical progress is based on research which ultimately must rest in part on experimentation involving human subjects. (wma.net)
The responsibility for the human subject must always rest with a medically qualified person and never rest on the subject of the research, even though the subject has given his or her consent. (wma.net)
7. Physicians should abstain from engaging in research projects involving human subjects unless they are satisfied that the hazards involved are believed to be predictable. (wma.net)
Medical research involving human subjects includes research on identifiable human material or identifiable data. (ahrp.org)
5. In medical research on human subjects, considerations related to the well-being of the human subject should take precedence over the interests of science and society. (ahrp.org)
9. Research Investigators should be aware of the ethical, legal and regulatory requirements for research on human subjects in their own countries as well as applicable international requirements. (ahrp.org)
10. It is the duty of the physician in medical research to protect the life, health, privacy, and dignity of the human subject. (ahrp.org)
Therapeutic cloning, which advocates claim holds the promise of one day helping to develop cures for diseases such as Alzheimer's and spinal cord injuries, is widely supported within the scientific research community, and has recently been given the imprimatur of the National Academy of Sciences. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Kass opposes all cloning, and there seems little chance that his commission, which is weighted heavily with thinkers who express similar skepticism about the direction and pace of biogenetic research, will issue a report approving therapeutic cloning. (commonwealmagazine.org)
I knew and had great respect for the famous Protestant theologian and bioethicist Paul Ramsey, and used much of his work concerning the use of human subjects in research in my own. (lifeissues.net)
Journal of Translational Research is an open access journal publishing articles focusing on information derived from human experimentation so as to optimise the communication between basic and clinical science. (alliedacademies.org)
Furthermore, we believe that embryonic stem cell research, regardless of its therapeutic goals, should be utterly rejected. (abolishhumanabortion.com)
American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
Rick Strassman's pioneering research raises fascinating questions about the neurochemical basis of experience and the feasibility of conducting human research with mind-altering drugs in a university medical center. (erowid.org)
Optimal health for all--One Health--should be underpinned by ethically conducted research in animals or humans and the results should be complementary to both. (who.int)
Good Clinical Research Practice (GCP) is a process that incorporates established ethical and scientifi c quality standards for the design, conduct, recording and reporting of clinical research involving the participation of human subjects. (who.int)

in a review written on the 50th anniversary of the Brandt verdict, Jay Katz writes that "a careful reading of the judgment suggests that [the authors] wrote the Code for the practice of human experimentation whenever it is being conducted. (wikipedia.org)

Tests and experimentation which do not involve human subjects are invariably carried out a priori to indicate the eventual possibilities before human subjects are themselves involved. (blogspirit.com)

Quinolizidine and isoquinoline are a widely distributed, heterogeneous group of alkaloids with members of each group having known toxicity to humans and domestic animals. (medscape.com)

Help us to be faithful to this sacred trust so that we may protect and promote the dignity of every human life from the very moment of conception, particularly the tiniest humans in the embryonic stage of human development who are so often forgotten by society & used by modern science. (archdiocese-no.org)

Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War by Susan Lederer explores the production of medical knowledge through human experimentation and animal vivisection. (notevenpast.org)
[1] Through this discussion, one sees that the debate between the advancement of science, the greater good of society, and concerns about causing harm to the most vulnerable characterized the dialogue about human experimentation and animal vivisection in the early 20th century. (notevenpast.org)
The second chapter focuses on the claim that human experimentation must be looked at in the context of animal protection. (notevenpast.org)
It requires a large set of competences in various areas of molecular and cellular biology, chemistry, pharmacology, imaging, and model animal experimentation. (smw.ch)
Approval of animal experimentation within Biosafety Level 4 facilities at the Robert Koch Institute was granted by the Regional Office for Health and Social Affairs, Berlin. (cdc.gov)
Yet, awareness of animal welfare in society rises, and the transferability of findings obtained in rodent models to human physiology is challenged. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, using fertilized eggs as an alternative platform for animal experimentation might be a promising alternative. (bvsalud.org)

Alfons Stauder, member of the Reich Health Office, claimed that the "dubious experiments have no therapeutic purpose", and Fredrich von Muller, physician and the president of the Deutsche Akademie, joined the criticism. (wikipedia.org)
Lederer considers three interlocking questions: why "did American physicians routinely perform non-therapeutic experiments on their patients? (notevenpast.org)

However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. (frontiersin.org)
Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone. (frontiersin.org)
The paper goes on to describe human experimentation, in which neural implants have linked the human nervous system bidirectionally with technology and the internet. (blogspirit.com)

Therefore, in this report, we investigated how overexpression of GATA3 in primary human astrocytes would affect the neurogenic potential before and after injury in 2D and 3D cultures. (frontiersin.org)
The real issue is quite straightforward: Those in favor of therapeutic cloning believe that the potential good to be derived from the destruction of the embryo outweighs the fact that human life has been created only to be exploited and then destroyed. (commonwealmagazine.org)
6. " ... any living human embryo has the inherent 'potential' to develop into a healthy baby . (lifeissues.net)
a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
Thus if by "potential" one means "potency" - i.e., that the early human embryo already exists with a human nature that is already there, and has its own inherent power or capacity (provided by that human nature) to simply grow bigger and bigger through all the usual developmental stages through birth, then such a statement stands as accurate - both scientifically and philosophically. (lifeissues.net)
On the other hand, if by "potential" one means that the human embryo is not a human being or human person yet , but might be later once it has been born (i.e., a "baby"), then that statement is both scientifically and philosophically incorrect. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
The potential of therapeutic cloning for treating, and perhaps curing, a variety of debilitating diseases demands that the scientific community be allowed to continue this promising work. (boloji.com)
This model has been crucial for understanding HCPS immunopathology and for developing potential therapeutic treatments ( 8 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
His detailed account of those sessions is an extra-ordinarily riveting inquiry into the nature of the human mind and the therapeutic potential of psychedelics. (erowid.org)

the right to religious freedom has its foundation in the very dignity of the human person as this dignity is known through the revealed word of God and by reason itself. (archdiocese-no.org)

The introduction of scientific and experimental methodology into clinical medicine in the nineteenth century brought with it an increased demand for experimentation on human subjects, particularly in bacteriology, immunology, and physiology. (bmj.com)
2. The design and performance of each experimental procedure involving human subjects should be clearly formulated in an experimental protocol which should be transmitted to a specially appointed independent committee for consideration, comment and guidance. (wma.net)
No national ethical, legal or regulatory requirement should be allowed to reduce or eliminate any of the protections for human subjects set forth in this Declaration. (ahrp.org)
13. The design and performance of each experimental procedure involving human subjects should be clearly formulated in an experimental protocol. (ahrp.org)

This not only expedites the drug development process but also minimizes risks associated with human experimentation. (filosofia-internet.net)

There are serious scientific objections to primate experimentation, the track record of which is in our view abysmal. (newscientist.com)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
For perspective, that means that for every child born as a result of IVF, 19 others were created and were either frozen, discarded, donated for scientific experimentation, or died of natural causes in the process. (abolishhumanabortion.com)
While supporting a ban on the cloning of a human being, the Society believes that the ban should not deter important advancements in scientific technology. (boloji.com)
If used wisely, DMT could trigger a period of remarkable progress in the scientific exploration of the most mystical regions of the human mind and soul. (erowid.org)

Rather, the limits of human dominium are determined by the nature and finalities, inherent or acquired, of the objects in question, and it will be argued that articulating these limits raises important, understudied, and fascinating questions about the permissibility of various kinds of human enhancement. (philpapers.org)
Originally the relevant philosophical term was "potency" (or inherent power or capacity conveyed by a specific nature) was used to apply to an already existing substance - such as a new living human embryo. (lifeissues.net)

This spring the Senate will consider a bill sponsored by Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) that would ban cloning aimed at creating a child, but unlike the House bill, would permit therapeutic cloning. (commonwealmagazine.org)

The Declaration of Geneva of the World Medical Association binds the doctor with the words, "The health of my patient will be my first consideration", and the International Code of Medical Ethics declares that "Any act or advice which could weaken physical or mental resistance of a human being may be used only in his interest. (aix-scientifics.it)

The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

May those entrusted to care for them protect them fully from all experimentation and harm. (archdiocese-no.org)

Human experimentation that results in the destruction of the human being is never acceptable under any notion of human rights. (abolishhumanabortion.com)

a) Note, again, the reference to only sexual human reproduction - "the moment of conception" - i.e., fertilization. (lifeissues.net)

An early version of the Code known as the Memorandum, which stated explicit voluntary consent from patients is required for human experimentation, was drafted on 9 August 1947. (wikipedia.org)

The destruction of human life in these practices has been frequently underestimated and is at an absolutely staggering scale. (abolishhumanabortion.com)

See Pain Management: Concepts, Evaluation, and Therapeutic Options , a Critical Images slideshow, to help assess pain and establish efficacious treatment plans. (medscape.com)

b) But there is a more fundamental reason why Ramsey's statement might not apply to the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

Syrian hamsters consistently model human hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, yet neither transmission nor shedding has been investigated. (cdc.gov)
A dazzling journey through psychedelic drug experimentation and a tantalizing peek into a new model of how the brain and mind work. (erowid.org)
Additionally, ethical aspects, a comparatively low financial burden, and low bureaucratic hurdles legitimize the CAM assay.We here describe an in ovo model utilized for xenotransplantation of a human tumor. (bvsalud.org)

VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - The B.C. Liberals tabled draft legislation to scrap the province's Human Rights Commission, leaving only a simple tribunal to hear complaints. (lifesitenews.com)
VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - A coalition of Canadian organizations and individuals has launched an emergency petition campaign to address the serious flaws in Bill C-56, The Assisted Human Reproduction Act. (lifesitenews.com)
In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)

Barriers to just anybody entering the market have enabled the many innovative therapeutic options that we enjoy (though often at premium prices) to commonly manage diseases that were once fatal or disabling. (medscape.com)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)

May these tiny humans be given the full respect due toall human life. (archdiocese-no.org)
It is gravely immoral to sacrifice a human life for therapeutic ends. (archdiocese-no.org)
Critical theological questions concerning the nature of human life, and the meaning of the "integrity of creation" need concentrated exploration. (wcc2013.info)

Deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease is, in fact, a triumph of human clinical observation, not primate experimentation, as was described in your own pages two years ago ( New Scientist , 24 July 2004, p 40). (newscientist.com)
Syrian hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ) infected with ANDV uniquely mimic many aspects of humans with ANDV-HCPS disease ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
In a survey of 523 infectious disease specialists, a moderate to high percentage reported using any antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during itraconazole (72%), posaconazole (72%), and voriconazole (90%) treatment, and a low to moderate percentage reported using any antifungal TDM during prophylaxis (32%, 55%, and 65%, respectively). (cdc.gov)

The current alternatives would be: via ARSER, to make PENTOXIFYLLINE available to you (contact us) OR to offer a therapeutic alternative by substitution with a similar available drug. (asso.fr)

According to the Thomistic tradition, the Principle of Totality (TPoT) articulates a secondary principle of natural law which guides the exercise of human ownership or dominium over creation. (philpapers.org)

[6] Starting in 1866 with the establishment of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) by Henry Bergh and, later, the creation of various societies for the protection of children in New York and Pennsylvania in the 1870s, concerns over human experimentation were characterized by a preoccupation over those who were most vulnerable and did not have a voice. (notevenpast.org)

For example, while we believe people conceived in rape are just as human as those who weren't, the circumstances of their conception were sinful and wicked. (abolishhumanabortion.com)

Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
See Neville Cobbe, "Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)

Microorganisms play a crucial role in the field of biology, particularly when it comes to understanding their impact on human health. (filosofia-internet.net)

Last year Greenberger testified before the Senate Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Subcommittee. (boloji.com)

Human Experimentation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ctsicn.org)

The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)
The science being the craft, says Ourian, is the most interesting part of the process: "It allows me to combine my love of experimentation and problem-solving with my passion for winemaking. (medscape.com)

Organisms1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

The place of medicine in the American prison: ethical issues in the treatment of offenders. (1/104)

Selecting subjects for participation in clinical research: one sphere of justice. (2/104)

Impact of therapeutic research on informed consent and the ethics of clinical trials: a medical oncology perspective. (3/104)

The status of the do-not-resuscitate order in Chinese clinical trial patients in a cancer centre. (4/104)

Should Zelen pre-randomised consent designs be used in some neonatal trials? (5/104)

Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. (6/104)

The family rule: a framework for obtaining ethical consent for medical interventions from children. (7/104)

Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (8/104)

Therapeutic Human Experimentation

Human Experimentation

Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation

War Crimes

Animal Experimentation

Animal Rights

Human Characteristics

Animal Testing Alternatives

Animal Welfare

Animals, Laboratory

National Socialism

The place of medicine in the American prison: ethical issues in the treatment of offenders. (1/104)

Selecting subjects for participation in clinical research: one sphere of justice. (2/104)

Impact of therapeutic research on informed consent and the ethics of clinical trials: a medical oncology perspective. (3/104)

The status of the do-not-resuscitate order in Chinese clinical trial patients in a cancer centre. (4/104)

Should Zelen pre-randomised consent designs be used in some neonatal trials? (5/104)

Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. (6/104)

The family rule: a framework for obtaining ethical consent for medical interventions from children. (7/104)

Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (8/104)

Nuremberg Code

Terre Haute prison experiments

List of MeSH codes (H01)

Informed consent

Guidelines for human subject research

National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Unethical human experimentation in the United States

S100A10

Peripheral mononeuropathy

Meaning of life

Human anti-mouse antibody

Acres of Skin

Placebo-controlled study

Limbic resonance

Organ-on-a-chip

Stem cell

Hes3 signaling axis

John J. Zhang

Spinal cord injury research

Brain-computer interface

Lung transplantation

Abortion in Maine

Timeline of computing 2020-present

Clinical pharmacology

Psychedelic therapy

Stuart C. Sealfon

Kefauver-Harris Amendment

Cincinnati Radiation Experiments

Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism

J. Marion Sims

Results of search for 'su:{Therapeutic human experimentation}' › WHO HQ Library catalog

The ethics of clinical research in the Third World

Limits to health care: fair procedures, democratic deliberation, and the legitimacy problem for insurers

Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code | The BMJ

Nuremberg Code - Wikipedia

Declaration of Helsinki 1983 - WMA - The World Medical Association

Frontiers | GATA3 Promotes the Neural Progenitor State but Not Neurogenesis in 3D Traumatic Injury Model of Primary Human...

Wyss Institute | Wyss Institute at Harvard

Euthanasia Prevention Coalition Euthanasia Prevention Coalition: May 2017

Conscience Protection and Stem Cell &Human Cloning Awareness - Archdiocese of New Orleans - New Orleans, LA

Hubrecht Institute - Onderzoeksoutput - Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW)

Works by Joshua Schulz - PhilPapers

lifeissues.net | Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans?' [JME]

Declaration of Helsinki - Alliance for Human Research Protection

PHARMACOLOGY | Università degli studi dell'Insubria

No need for monkeys | New Scientist

Mobilizacje struktur nerwowych - Przegla̧d systematyczny badań z randomizacja̧ i grupa̧ kontrolná oraz analiza skuteczności...

Jared E. Toettcher - Research output - Princeton University

Section of Medical Oncology - Research output - Research Profiles at Washington University School of Medicine

The body politic: The relevance of an intersectional framework for therapeutic performance research in drama therapy -...

Angela Cenci Nilsson - Research output - Lund University

Human Experimentation | Profiles RNS

DOD launches 'First Aid For Severe Trauma' for HS students | Health.mil

RHC-Europe Soldiers compete for Army Best Medic title | Health.mil

Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Endothelial-Cell-Derived Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Protects...

Science & Fiction | Commonweal Magazine

Adverse Drug Event Causality Analysis (ADECA): A Process for Evaluating Evidence and Assigning Drugs to Risk Categories for...

lifeissues.net | 'FRC's Brochure on Human Cloning at the U.N.: Serious Flaws, Dangerous Consequences'

Aim & Scope

Diagnostic6

Embryos9