Synovial fluid

Septic arthritis

Arthritis

Gout

Rheumatic fever

Osteoarthritis

Arthrocentesis

Rheumatology

Hemarthrosis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Joint effusion

Chondronectin

Synovial joint

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease

Rheopecty

Injection (medicine)

Β-Mannosidase

Proteoglycan 4

Aggrecan

Ganglion cyst

Joint cracking

Synovitis

Robert Tuttle Morris

Gonorrhea

Knee bursae

PLA2G2A

Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related

Osteochondritis dissecans

Synovial membrane

Western blot

Alicia Bertone

Membrane10

• The inner membrane of synovial joints is called the synovial membrane and secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity. (wikipedia.org)
• dubious - discuss] nutrient and waste transportation - the fluid supplies oxygen and nutrients and removes carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the chondrocytes in the surrounding cartilage molecular sieving - pressure within the joint forces hyaluronan in the fluid against the synovial membrane forming a barrier against cells migrating into, or fluid migrating out of, the joint space. (wikipedia.org)
• Synovial tissue is sterile and composed of vascularized connective tissue that lacks a basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
• Hyaluronan is synthesized by the synovial membrane and secreted into the joint cavity to increase the viscosity and elasticity of articular cartilages and to lubricate the surfaces between synovium and cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
• Vascular permeability and synovial membrane permeability are altered by inflammation, which accounts for protein content changes in the diseased synovial fluid. (boneandspine.com)
• Immunoglobulins, immune complexes, and complement are produced by cells accumulating in the inflamed synovial membrane and periarticular lymph nodes and find their way to the synovial fluid. (boneandspine.com)
• This degenerative, age-related joint disease is characterised by a progressive degradation of articular cartilage and concomitant structural and functional change of all joint constituents, including the synovial membrane, the subchondral bone and periarticular tissues [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• What are the anatomy of the synovial membrane and the importance of synovial fluid in such a joint? (collegenursingpapers.com)
• The outer region is well-vascularized from capillaries branching off the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane. (medscape.com)
• HIV postexposure prophylaxis must take into account the nature of the exposure (e.g., needlestick or potentially infectious fluid that comes in contact with a mu- cous membrane) and the amount of blood or body fluid involved in the exposure. (cdc.gov)

Sample of synovial fluid3

• Once the needle is in place, your provider will withdraw a sample of synovial fluid and collect it in the syringe of the needle. (medlineplus.gov)
• This test requires a sample of synovial fluid. (bartonhealth.org)
• In some cases, the doctor may take a sample of synovial fluid from the joint. (adam.com)

Tissue13

• This tissue is called synovial tissue. (bamklinik.com)
• The main task of the joint fluid is to help the cartilage tissue nourishment, joint lubrication, cleansing and defending. (bamklinik.com)
• This cell wall controls the flow of fluid (and other substances), and fluid into and out of a tissue/cell. (leiannking.com)
• Synovial tissue also contains fat and lymphatic vessels, fenestrated microvessels, and nerve fibers derived from the capsule and periarticular tissues. (boneandspine.com)
• We isolated B. fungorum from the synovial tissue of a patient's knee. (cdc.gov)
• However, the synovial fluid was turbid, and synovial tissue infection was suspected. (cdc.gov)
• A synovial tissue biopsy was sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture. (cdc.gov)
• The possibility of finding brucellae in the synovial tissue was not unexpected because Brucella spp. (cdc.gov)
• The isolation of B. fungorum from the synovial tissue of this patient, however, is similar to an earlier case of leg tissue infection in a girl ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
• It is impossible to enter extra-articular, including, into the synovial tissue or joint capsule. (bestpharmbuy.com)
• CD123 + and BDCA2 + pDCs were detected by immunohistochemistry in RA synovial tissue in which expression of the IFN-α-inducible protein MxA was also found, suggesting production of type I IFN by maturing pDCs. (aai.org)
• Frozen tissue sections from active RA synovial inflammation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for presence of citrullinated antigens using the generated recombinant antibodies. (acrabstracts.org)
• Hypertrophic synovial tissue begins to invade and weaken the tendon, eventually leading to rupture. (medscape.com)

Joints22

• Synovial fluid, also called synovia,[help 1] is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. (wikipedia.org)
• With its egg white-like consistency, the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. (wikipedia.org)
• the synovial fluid in diarthrotic joints becomes thick the moment shear is applied in order to protect the joint and subsequently, thins to normal viscosity instantaneously to resume its lubricating function between shocks. (wikipedia.org)
• Synovial fluid, also known as joint fluid, is a thick liquid located between your joints. (medlineplus.gov)
• The fluid cushions the ends of bones and reduces friction when you move your joints. (medlineplus.gov)
• A synovial fluid analysis is a group of tests that checks for disorders that affect the joints. (medlineplus.gov)
• Normally, there is only a small amount of synovial fluid between the joints. (medlineplus.gov)
• Small amounts of fluid are present in the majority of our joints. (bamklinik.com)
• In rheumatoid joints, the consistency of fluid has decreased, becoming more fluid. (bamklinik.com)
• The Synovial is the fluid found on the outer side of the cells in the joints. (leiannking.com)
• This is a substance that provides the fluid and lubricant in the joints. (leiannking.com)
• With this fluid, it works outside of the cells, surrounding the joints. (leiannking.com)
• Synovial fluid is a thick, stringy fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints . (boneandspine.com)
• If you have gout, you may have crystals of uric acid in your synovial fluid, the substance that surrounds joints to help them move smoothly. (bartonhealth.org)
• The biological turnover of hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate) of different molecular weights (0.6×10 6 and 2.5×10 6 Daltons) was studied in the synovial fluid of the middle carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of 6 clinically healthy Standardbred horses. (biomedcentral.com)
• Brown TJ, Laurent UBG, Fraser JRE: Turnover of hyaluronan in synovial joints: elimination of la-belled hyaluronan from the knee joint of the rab-bit. (biomedcentral.com)
• Roneus B, Lindblad G, Lindholm A, Jones B: Effects of intraarticular corticosteroid and sodium hyalu-ronate injections on synovial fluid production and synovial fluid content of sodium hyaluronate and proteoglycans in normal equine joints. (biomedcentral.com)
• Small RNA sequencing was performed using synovial fluid from the metacarpophalangeal joints of both control and early osteoarthritic horses. (biomedcentral.com)
• Synovial fluid sncRNAs may be used as molecular biomarkers for early disease in equine osteoarthritic joints. (biomedcentral.com)
• While arthritis affects bones and cartilage of joints, bursitis affects the bursa - fluid-filled sacs lubricating connective tissues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• When uric acid builds up in the fluid around the joints (synovial fluid), uric acid crystals form. (medlineplus.gov)
• Synovial joints are movable joints. (bidmc.org)

Rheumatoid7

• Activation of neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (bmj.com)
• Tumour necrosis factor in serum and synovial fluid of patients with active and severe rheumatoid arthritis. (bmj.com)
• Fifteen serum samples and 29 synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined for the presence of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). (bmj.com)
• Dahl LB, Dahl IM, Engström-Laurent A, Granath K: Concentration and molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies. (biomedcentral.com)
• In this study, we have examined the presence and phenotype of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in the synovial fluids (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PA), and osteoarthritis (OA) and determined the chemotactic properties of SF from these patients toward pDCs. (aai.org)
• Detection of interleukin 8 biological activity in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and production of interleukin 8 mRNA by isolated synovial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
• The presence of neutrophils in the synovial joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to be due to the activity of chemotactic factors released by activated cells in the joint. (ox.ac.uk)

Body fluids1

• The major difference between synovial fluid and other body fluids derived from plasma is the high content of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. (boneandspine.com)

Arthritis12

• Synovial fluid should be cultured on prewarmed chocolate agar for highest yield (findings are positive in only 50% of patients with gonococcal arthritis and 25-30% of those with DGI). (medscape.com)
• Looking to the sustained psoriatic arthritis (PsA) joint as a model of local human inflammation, this study was designed to assess the T lymphocyte signal transduction pathways potentially involved in this chronic immune-mediated inflammatory process, as characterized by direct ex vivo analysis of T helper (Th)-17 T effector (Teff) cell phenotypes in synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) of clinically active PsA patients. (nih.gov)
• Activating and inhibitory receptors on synovial fluid natural killer cells of arthritis patients: role of CD94/NKG2A in control of cytokine secretion. (ox.ac.uk)
• It is unknown whether EBOV can persist in synovial fluid with or without accompanying arthritis. (cdc.gov)
• Konieczynski P, Szreder G, Wesolowski M. Study of the Element Concentrations in Synovial Fluids of Patients with Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases. (scientificarchives.com)
• Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex, age, and drugs on element levels in synovial fluids originating from patients with arthritis and rheumatic diseases. (scientificarchives.com)
• It was also revealed that in the case of arthritis (rheumatic disease) several elements, such as Fe, Zn, K, Mg, and Ca were accumulated in the synovial fluid. (scientificarchives.com)
• Background: The disposition kinetics of ketoprofen into synovial fluid was estimated to predict the time course of ketoprofen concentration in synovial fluid in patients with arthritis. (korea.ac.kr)
• The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether synovial fluid cytological evidence of arthritis could be documented in dogs with acute monocytic ehrlichiosis. (huji.ac.il)
• Septic arthritis is a challenging clinical problem because (1) signs and symptoms may be subtle and overlap with those found in other conditions, (2) screening laboratory studies and synovial fluid cultures are relatively insensitive, and (3) optimal management, including duration of antibiotics and surgical approach, is not evidence based. (medscape.com)
• When septic arthritis is suspected, synovial fluid should be obtained for a complete blood cell (CBC) count, glucose level, Gram staining, and culture. (medscape.com)
• Septic arthritis is the intra-articular infection of a synovial joint. (rch.org.au)

Shows uric acid crystals1

• If your synovial fluid sample shows uric acid crystals, you may have gout. (bartonhealth.org)

Plasma and synovial fluid3

• Clinically, OPN in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) has been reported to be related to progressive joint damage in knee OA, suggesting that OPN may serve as a biochemical marker for determining disease severity [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Methods: After repeated oral doses of ketoprofen 100 mg twice daily, ketoprofen concentrations of plasma and synovial fluid were determined at steady-state by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in 17 arthritic patients. (korea.ac.kr)
• Results: At steady-state, the observed peak concentrations of plasma and synovial fluid were 4.6 ± 3.2 μg/mi and 2.4 ± 1.9 μg/ml at 2 hours and 5 hours after the last dose, respectively. (korea.ac.kr)

Importance of synovial fluid1

• Proceedings: Clinical and diagnostic importance of synovial fluid examination. (bmj.com)

Articular cartilage4

• PRG4) secreted by the surface chondrocytes of the articular cartilage and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood plasma. (wikipedia.org)
• This fluid forms a thin layer (roughly 50 μm) at the surface of cartilage and also seeps into microcavities and irregularities in the articular cartilage surface, filling all empty space. (wikipedia.org)
• The fluid in articular cartilage effectively serves as a synovial fluid reserve. (wikipedia.org)
• Synovial fluid aids in the nutrition of articular cartilage by acting as a transport medium for nutritional substances, such as glucose, and provides lubrication of the articulating surfaces. (boneandspine.com)

Human synovial fluid1

• The cytological and biochemical analysis of human synovial fluid began around 1940 using cadaver-derived fluid and comparing characteristics to those of, for instance, bovine synovial fluid. (wikipedia.org)

Inflammation6

• A synovial fluid analysis is used to help diagnose the cause of joint pain and inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
• Synovial fluid with this much inflammation may appear purulent. (medscape.com)
• Laboratory Examination: The amount of cells in the joint fluid is very important in the diagnosis of the disease, in determining the type of inflammation. (bamklinik.com)
• To further understand the role for NK cells in inflammation, we investigated the phenotype and function of synovial fluid (SF) NK cells from patients with chronic joint inflammation, as well as from patients with transient inflammation of the knee following trauma. (ox.ac.uk)
• Synovial fluid analysis is often done to aid in the diagnosis of joint inflammation, pain, swelling, and/or fluid accumulation. (boneandspine.com)
• Synovial-Flex is formulated with glucosamine, MSM, Green-Lipped Mussel (perna canaliculus), and Omega-3 fatty acids to relieve joint pain and inflammation, thicken synovial fluid, and protect cartilage. (vetdepot.com)

Osteoarthritis6

• Tumour necrosis factor was not detected in the serum of normal subjects or in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. (bmj.com)
• Venn G, Nietfield JJ, Duits AJ, Brennan FM, Arner E, Covington M, Billingham MEJ, Hardingham TE: Elevated synovial fluid levels of Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor associated with early experimental canine osteoarthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
• Synovial fluid represents a potential source of disease-specific small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that could aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
• Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in synovial fluid are associated with progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in subjects with previous meniscectomy. (lu.se)
• In this open-label study, 55 individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) had synovial fluid sampled before intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone . (medscape.com)
• However, individuals in the highest category of synovial fluid WBC count had the most improvement in pain, as measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. (medscape.com)

Hyaluronic acid7

• Synovial fluid is made of hyaluronic acid and lubricin, proteinases, and collagenases. (wikipedia.org)
• Normal synovial fluid contains 3-4 mg/ml hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid), a polymer of disaccharides composed of D-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetylglucosamine joined by alternating beta-1,4 and beta-1,3 glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
• The normal viscosity of the synovial fluid is due to the hyaluronic acid. (boneandspine.com)
• Hyaluronic acid, synthesized by synovial lining cells (type B), is secreted into the synovial fluid, making the fluid viscous. (boneandspine.com)
• I. Molecular parame-ters of hyaluronic acid in normal and arthritic hu-man fluids. (biomedcentral.com)
• Rydell NW, Butler J, Balazs E A: Hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. (biomedcentral.com)
• Smith MM, Gosh P: The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human synovial fibroblasts is influenced by the nature of the hyaluronate in the extracellular environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Synovium1

• Normal synovium contains synovial lining cells that are 1-3 cells deep. (boneandspine.com)

Arthrocentesis3

• Synovial fluid may be collected by syringe in a procedure termed arthrocentesis, also known as joint aspiration. (wikipedia.org)
• Arthrocentesis, the procedure used to do a synovial fluid analysis, may also be done to remove excess fluid from a joint. (medlineplus.gov)
• Repeat arthrocentesis should be performed when inflammatory synovial effusions recur in order to remove inflammatory mediators, debris, and purulence. (medscape.com)

Contains lubricin2

• Synovial fluid contains lubricin (also known as PRG4) as a second lubricating component, secreted by synovial fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
• Synovial fluid also contains lubricin secreted by synovial cells. (boneandspine.com)

Periarticular tissues1

• Fibrosis and multiple focal abscessation of periarticular tissues and hypertrophy of synovial villi also occur. (merckvetmanual.com)

Cartilage5

• During movement, the synovial fluid held in the cartilage is squeezed out mechanically to maintain a layer of fluid on the cartilage surface (so-called weeping lubrication). (wikipedia.org)
• With the microscope, blood cells, cartilage fragments and some crystals, which should be present at certain ratios in the joint fluid, can be diagnosed. (bamklinik.com)
• Heinegãrd D, Inerot S, Wieslander J, Lindblad G: A method for the quantification of cartilage prote-oglycan structures liberated to the synovial fluid during developing degenerative joint disease. (biomedcentral.com)
• Synovial fluid is a lubricating fluid that supplies nutrients and oxygen to cartilage. (adam.com)
• However, cartilage is avascular and nourished by synovial fluid. (cdc.gov)

Syringe1

• The viscosity may be estimated by allowing the fluid to drip from the end of a small syringe. (boneandspine.com)

Crystals8

• Microscopic analysis of synovial fluid is performed to evaluate for cell count and crystals. (wikipedia.org)
• Polarised light microscopy of synovial fluid is an established diagnostic technique widely regarded as reliable for the detection of crystals. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Various concentrations of laboratory manufactured crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), and basic calcium phosphates (BCP) were added to the synovial fluid. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Gordon C, Swan A, Dieppe P. Detection of crystals in synovial fluids by light microscopy: sensitivity and reliability. (unboundmedicine.com)
• TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of crystals in synovial fluids by light microscopy: sensitivity and reliability. (unboundmedicine.com)
• AU - Gordon,C, AU - Swan,A, AU - Dieppe,P, PY - 1989/9/1/pubmed PY - 1989/9/1/medline PY - 1989/9/1/entrez SP - 737 EP - 42 JF - Annals of the rheumatic diseases JO - Ann Rheum Dis VL - 48 IS - 9 N2 - Polarised light microscopy of synovial fluid is an established diagnostic technique widely regarded as reliable for the detection of crystals. (unboundmedicine.com)
• For example, in the diagnosis of gut disease, some crystals that we can see as a result of examining the joint fluid with a microscope are very important. (bamklinik.com)
• Crystals don't always form in the synovial fluid during a gout attack. (bartonhealth.org)

Intra-articular2

• It was found that as a result of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronan solutions, the visco-elastic properties of synovial fluid are improved. (bestpharmbuy.com)
• This small but intriguing study provides some evidence that higher synovial fluid WBC counts-even within a "normal" range-can be a fair biomarker to predict response to intra-articular steroids. (medscape.com)

Analysis19

• What is a synovial fluid analysis? (medlineplus.gov)
• Why do I need a synovial fluid analysis? (medlineplus.gov)
• Is there anything else I need to know about a synovial fluid analysis? (medlineplus.gov)
• Laboratory tests typically performed on synovial fluid include cell count, crystal analysis, Gram stain, and culture. (medscape.com)
• In view of the variable sensitivity and specificity of different observers for MSUM and CPPD and the concentration threshold for reliable crystal identification, greater caution in the interpretation of synovial fluid analysis is advised, and recommendations for increased quality control are supported. (unboundmedicine.com)
• However, despite clinical training and competency, Dr. Snow and his rheumatology colleagues cannot perform synovial fluid crystal analysis for their patients. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requires laboratories conducting synovial fluid crystal analysis and other "moderately complex tests" to be Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• The ACR is currently working through the CMS Request for Information (RFI) process to seek such an exemption for synovial fluid crystal analysis. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• What we're trying to do with the RFI is ask the CMS to consider synovial fluid crystal analysis on par with nephrologists looking at urinary sediment," says Dr. Snow, who serves on the ACR's Committee for Rheumatologic Care (CORC). (the-rheumatologist.org)
• Synovial fluid crystal analysis was developed by rheumatologists and is a required component of the rheumatology fellowship and continuing medical education. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• As the ACR's position statement explains, rheumatology fellowship directors have developed a core curriculum for synovial fluid analysis, and a rheumatologist may not become board certified or remain certified without competency in the technique. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• Synovial fluid crystal analysis must be done on fresh samples. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• However, if the CMS allowed rheumatologists to examine and bill for synovial fluid crystal analysis in office, it would save time-a patient could receive a diagnosis immediately-and potentially, money. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• If I see someone for potential gout and I can confirm it's gout with synovial fluid crystal analysis, I save the system money and additional work-up, because I can cut to the chase and start immediate treatment. (the-rheumatologist.org)
• Therefore, analysis of the joint fluid should be performed with simultaneous blood collection if possible. (bamklinik.com)
• The chemical profiling of synovial fluids of patients with rheumatic diseases based on the identification of essential elements and applying principal component analysis (PCA), allowed us to identify that the levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, and K have the highest impact on the differentiation of synovial fluid samples. (scientificarchives.com)
• Seidman and Limaiem claim that "synovial fluid aspiration and analysis is a necessary therapeutic and diagnostic procedure useful in alleviating pain from a joint effusion and in the diagnosis of potentially serious joint pathologies. (scientificarchives.com)
• In this work, we performed lipidomic analysis of EVs from human synovial fluids using three most applied EV isolation methods including ultracentrifugation (UC), polyethylene glycol mediated precipitation method (PEG) and size-exclusive chromatography (SEC). The lipidomic profiles of synovial EVs were then determined by UHPLC-MS technique targeting 12 classes of lipids with lipid standards. (izon.com)
• Thus, UC might be the most suitable method for synovial EV lipidomic analysis. (izon.com)

Viscous1

• the viscosity coefficient is not a constant and the fluid is not linearly viscous. (wikipedia.org)

Aspiration1

• Removing the sample is called joint fluid aspiration . (ucsfhealth.org)

Turbid2

• and turbid synovial fluid. (merckvetmanual.com)
• The synovial fluid aspirated from his knee was turbid with an elevated leukocyte count and a high percentage of polymorphonuclear cells. (cdc.gov)

Joint fluid10

• This joint fluid has a clear, clear, light yellow color and a light-weight structure. (bamklinik.com)
• After careful examination and joint ultrasound evaluation, if necessary, the joint fluid can be drained and examined with a needle. (bamklinik.com)
• Emptying the joint fluid is sometimes diagnostic and sometimes therapeutic. (bamklinik.com)
• Appearance: Changes in the normal appearance of the joint fluid give us an idea of the disease. (bamklinik.com)
• In some diseases such as hypothyroidism and mucus cysts, this joint fluid becomes hard and its consistency increases. (bamklinik.com)
• The increase or decrease in the amount of cells in the joint fluid tells us about the type of disease. (bamklinik.com)
• Erythrocytes are rarely seen in the normal joint fluid. (boneandspine.com)
• The uric acid test measures levels of uric acid that can collect in joint fluid. (bartonhealth.org)
• Joint fluid culture is a laboratory test to detect infection-causing germs in a sample of fluid surrounding a joint. (ucsfhealth.org)
• A sample of joint fluid is needed. (ucsfhealth.org)

Cytokines1

• The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arthroscopy synovitis grade in patients with unilateral high condylar fractures and concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in washed-out synovial fluid (SF) samples obtained from those patients. (elsevierpure.com)

Biopsy1

• Synovial fluid analyses, synovial biopsy, and synovial pathology. (ucsfhealth.org)

Serum3

• Synovial fluid may be classified into normal, noninflammatory, inflammatory, septic, and hemorrhagic: Glucose (mg/dl) concentration in synovial fluid is nearly equal to serum. (wikipedia.org)
• Normal synovial fluid complement levels in humans are approximately 10% of the serum values. (boneandspine.com)
• Four measures were used to evaluate the bioaccessibility of cobalt species if inhaled, using synthetic equivalents of alveolar fluid, interstitial fluid, lysosomal fluid, and human serum. (europa.eu)

Hyaluronan1

• The hyaluronan was radioactively labelled with 14 C. The biological half-life (t 1/2 ) was calculated from repeated synovial samples after injection of the labelled hyaluronan. (biomedcentral.com)

Conclusions1

• Conclusions: These results suggest that the time course of ketoprofen concentration in synovial fluid is different from plasma concentration time profile after systemic administration of ketoprofen. (korea.ac.kr)

Tissues1

• Synovial fluid is an ultrafiltrate from plasma, and contains proteins derived from the blood plasma and proteins that are produced by cells within the joint tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Samples2

• A group of differentially expressed sncRNAs was selected for further validation through qRT-PCR using an independent cohort of synovial fluid samples from control and early osteoarthritic horses. (biomedcentral.com)
• Samples for blood and synovial fluid cultures were obtained and anti-microbial therapy with intravenous cefuroxime was started. (cdc.gov)

Effusion2

• Joint effusion , a condition that happens when too much fluid builds up around a joint. (medlineplus.gov)
• When it affects the knee, it may be referred to as knee effusion or fluid on the knee. (medlineplus.gov)

Immunoglobulin1

• In this study we have assessed the specificity and the immunoglobulin gene characteristics of B cells derived from RA synovial fluid of RA by utilizing a method that allows in vitro production of monoclonal antibodies derived from single human memory B cells. (acrabstracts.org)

Concentration3

• Plots of plasma ketoprofen concentration against synovial concentration showed anticlockwise hysteresis, suggesting the time delay in the distribution of ketoprofen into synovial fluid from plasma. (korea.ac.kr)
• From the simulation of ketoprofen concentration curves, the predicted C max of synovial fluid was corresponded to 76.6 % of the plasma concentration(1.44 μg/ml vs 1. (korea.ac.kr)
• Release concentration is the absolute value of the Co concentration observed in the receptor fluid after the standardised incubation time. (europa.eu)

Diagnostic1

• Investigation of synovial EVs from OA patients provides unique insights of OA initiation and maintenance, and the dysregulated EV-associated molecules might be potentially employed as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. (izon.com)

Cytology1

• Direct synovial fluid cytology smears from eight Beagle dogs experimentally infected with E. canis were examined prior to, and on 21, 35 and 63 days post-inoculation. (huji.ac.il)

Cerebrospinal fluid2

• The potential for residual infectious risk from EBOV persistence is further highlighted by recovery of infectious EBOV in cerebrospinal fluid collected at 282 days after onset of Ebola disease from a survivor who experienced late onset of meningoencephalitis signs and symptoms 1 , and isolation of EBOV from an intraocular fluid specimen of an eye affected by panuveitis collected at 14 weeks after onset of Ebola disease 16 . (cdc.gov)
• He was intubated, a lumbar puncture was performed, and cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, was collected before his transfer to the intensive care unit. (cdc.gov)

Substance1

• The amount of this fluid in the body is only about 15 grams, or around ½ of an ounce and this amount is recycled throughout the whole body system 3 times per day/every 8 hours.So in consideration of what this fluid does and the volume, it amounts to a really important substance. (leiannking.com)

Sacs1

• Bursae are flat sacs containing joint (synovial) fluid. (msdmanuals.com)

Injection1

• Before injection, the authors found no significant associations between synovial fluid WBC categories and age, pain, or OA disease severity. (medscape.com)

Tumour2

• Tumour necrosis factor was also found in the synovial fluid of 16 out of 29 patients. (bmj.com)
• Activated synovial NK cells produced interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor, and the production was further up-regulated by antibody masking of CD94/NKG2A, and down-regulated by target cells expressing human leucocyte antigen-E in complex with peptides known to engage CD94/NKG2A. (ox.ac.uk)

Clinical1

• This will need further exploration, but if these findings hold up in robust larger studies, they will be a welcome addition to clinical care where synovial fluid WBC counts are readily obtainable. (medscape.com)

Canine1

• Cell counts of canine synovial fluid vary from joint to joint but normally are low. (boneandspine.com)

Viscosity1

• Type B cells are fibroblast-like and produce hyaluronate, which accounts for the increased viscosity of synovial fluid. (boneandspine.com)

Urine1

• Higher than normal levels of uric acid in the blood or urine can suggest gout, but the only way your doctor can definitively diagnose the condition is by measuring the levels of uric acid in your synovial fluid. (bartonhealth.org)