Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.
An unbranched glucan in starch.
Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.
An enzyme of the PHOSPHORYLASES family that catalyzes the degradation of starch, a mixture of unbranched AMYLOSE and branched AMYLOPECTIN compounds. This phosphorylase from plants is the counterpart of GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE in animals that catalyzes the reaction of inorganic phosphate on the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond at the non-reducing end of glucans resulting in the release of glucose-1-phosphate.
In glycogen or amylopectin synthesis, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a segment of a 1,4-alpha-glucan chain to a primary hydroxy group in a similar glucan chain. EC 2.4.1.18.
Enzymes that catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in STARCH; GLYCOGEN; and related POLYSACCHARIDES and OLIGOSACCHARIDES containing 3 or more 1,4-alpha-linked D-glucose units.
Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)
The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body.
A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.
A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.
An enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,6-alpha-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin, and their beta-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) by its inability to attack pullulan and by the feeble action of alpha-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.69) by its action on glycogen. With EC 3.2.1.69, it produces the activity called "debranching enzyme". EC 3.2.1.68.
An ATP-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the addition of ADP to alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate to form ADP-glucose and diphosphate. The reaction is the rate-limiting reaction in prokaryotic GLYCOGEN and plant STARCH biosynthesis.
Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of polysaccharide chains with the release of beta-glucose. It is also able to hydrolyze 1,6-alpha-glucosidic bonds when the next bond in sequence is 1,4.
Electrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium.
An enlarged underground root or stem of some plants. It is usually rich in carbohydrates. Some, such as POTATOES, are important human FOOD. They may reproduce vegetatively from buds.
Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.
Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Nutritive tissue of the seeds of flowering plants that surrounds the EMBRYOS. It is produced by a parallel process of fertilization in which a second male gamete from the pollen grain fuses with two female nuclei within the embryo sac. The endosperm varies in ploidy and contains reserves of starch, oils, and proteins, making it an important source of human nutrition.
Dextrins are a group of partially degraded and digestible starches, formed through the hydrolysis of starch by heat, acids, or enzymes, consisting of shorter chain polymers of D-glucose units linked mainly by α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.
A group of enzymes that transfers two phosphate groups from a donor such as ATP to two different acceptors. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.9.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides so as to remove successive beta-maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. EC 3.2.1.2.
Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.
Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.
Seeds from grasses (POACEAE) which are important in the diet.
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.
The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.
A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.
Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.
Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is perennial with conspicuous, almost palmate leaves like those of RICINUS but more deeply parted into five to nine lobes. It is a source of a starch after removal of the cyanogenic glucosides. The common name of Arrowroot is also used with Maranta (MARANTACEAE). The common name of yuca is also used for YUCCA.
The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.
The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A major food since prehistoric times, it has been made in various forms using a variety of ingredients and methods.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.
1,4-alpha-D-Glucan-1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase/dextrin 6 alpha-D-glucanohydrolase. An enzyme system having both 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25) and amylo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.33) activities. As a transferase it transfers a segment of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or another 1,4-alpha-D-glucan. As a glucosidase it catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucoside linkages at points of branching in chains of 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues. Amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity is deficient in glycogen storage disease type III.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.
"In the context of medicine, 'textiles' refers to the use of woven, knitted, or nonwoven materials, often as components of medical devices such as bandages, sutures, or implantable materials, which can be designed to have specific properties like biocompatibility, breathability, or antimicrobial activity."
"Money laundering in the context of healthcare is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal, often through complex transactions and disguises, which can include various forms of fraudulent billing practices such as overbilling, underbilling, or billing for services not rendered to medical insurance programs or patients."
The hair of SHEEP or other animals that is used for weaving.
A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.

Relationship between ruminal starch degradation and the physical characteristics of corn grain. (1/1890)

The objectives of this study were to determine the range of variation in the rate and extent of in situ ruminal starch degradation of 14 corns differing in vitreousness and to predict ruminal starch degradability by physical characteristics of corn grains. This study was conducted with eight dent and six flint corns. Ruminal starch degradability was determined by an in situ technique on 3-mm ground grains. Physical characteristics of corn grain were measured: hardness by grinding energy and particle size distribution, apparent and true densities, and specific surface area. Ruminal DM and starch degradabilities averaged 50 and 55.1% and varied from 39.7 to 71.5% and from 40.6 to 77.6%, respectively. Ruminal starch degradability averaged 61.9 and 46.2% in dent and flint types, respectively. The proportion of coarse particles (61.9 vs. 69.6% for dent and flint, respectively), the apparent density (1.29 vs. 1.36 g/cm3 for dent and flint, respectively), and the specific surface area (.13 vs. .07 m2/g for dent and flint, respectively) varied with the vitreousness. Ruminal starch degradability could be predicted accurately by vitreousness (r2 = .89) or by the combination of apparent density and 1,000-grain weight (R2 = .91), a measurement faster than the vitreousness determination.  (+info)

Insulin resistance of muscle glucose transport in male and female rats fed a high-sucrose diet. (2/1890)

It has been reported that, unlike high-fat diets, high-sucrose diets cause insulin resistance in the absence of an increase in visceral fat and that the insulin resistance develops only in male rats. This study was done to 1) determine if isolated muscles of rats fed a high-sucrose diet are resistant to stimulation of glucose transport when studied in vitro and 2) obtain information regarding how the effects of high-sucrose and high-fat diets on muscle insulin resistance differ. We found that, compared with rat chow, semipurified high-sucrose and high-starch diets both caused increased visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport. Insulin responsiveness of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) transport measured in epitrochlearis and soleus muscles in vitro was decreased approximately 40% (P < 0.01) in both male and female rats fed a high-sucrose compared with a chow diet. The high-sucrose diet also caused resistance of muscle glucose transport to stimulation by contractions. There was a highly significant negative correlation between stimulated muscle 2-DG transport and visceral fat mass. In view of these results, the differences in insulin action in vivo observed by others in rats fed isocaloric high-sucrose and high-starch diets must be due to additional, specific effects of sucrose that do not carry over in muscles studied in vitro. We conclude that, compared with rat chow, semipurified high-sucrose and high-cornstarch diets, like high-fat diets, cause increased visceral fat accumulation and severe resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport to stimulation by insulin and contractions.  (+info)

Rapidly available glucose in foods: an in vitro measurement that reflects the glycemic response. (3/1890)

BACKGROUND: A chemically based classification of dietary carbohydrates that takes into account the likely site, rate, and extent of digestion is presented. The classification divides dietary carbohydrates into sugars, starch fractions, and nonstarch polysaccharides, and groups them into rapidly available glucose (RAG) and slowly available glucose (SAG) as to the amounts of glucose (from sugar and starch, including maltodextrins) likely to be available for rapid and slow absorption, respectively, in the human small intestine. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that RAG is an important food-related determinant of the glycemic response. DESIGN: The measurement of RAG, SAG, and starch fractions by an in vitro technique is described, based on the measurement by HPLC of the glucose released from a test food during timed incubation with digestive enzymes under standardized conditions. Eight healthy adult subjects consumed 8 separate test meals ranging in RAG content from 11 to 49 g. RESULTS: The correlation between glycemic response and RAG was highly significant (P < 0.0001) and a given percentage increase in RAG was associated with the same percentage increase in glycemic response. After subject variation was accounted for, RAG explained 70% of the remaining variance in glycemic response. CONCLUSIONS: We show the significance of in vitro measurements of RAG in relation to glycemic response in human studies. The simple in vitro measurement of RAG and SAG is of physiologic relevance and could serve as a tool for investigating the importance of the amount, type, and form of dietary carbohydrates for health.  (+info)

Dietary determinants of colorectal proliferation in the normal mucosa of subjects with previous colon adenomas. (4/1890)

Dietary determinants of colorectal mucosa proliferation were studied in 69 subjects previously operated for at least two sporadic colon adenomas. Information on recent dietary habits was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire, and proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation in colorectal biopsies by determining the labeling index (LI) and the percentage of LI in the upper part of the crypt, two parameters that are increased in subjects at high risk of colon cancer. The LI was significantly higher in women as compared with men (P = 0.01). Diet showed several associations with colorectal mucosa proliferation: (a) subjects in the highest tertile of fish consumption had a significantly lower LI (P = 0.0013) compared with those in the lower tertiles [5.20 +/- 1.87 versus 6.80 +/- 2.18 (mean +/- SD)]; (b) subjects with a low red meat consumption had lower proliferation in the upper part of the crypt [2.38 +/- 2.10, 5.30 +/- 4.62, and 5.89 +/- 4.82 in the low, middle, and high tertile of consumption, respectively (mean +/- SD); P = 0.0093]; (c) according to estimated nutrient intakes, the LI was lower in subjects reporting a high intake of starch (P = 0.006) and higher in subjects with a low intake of beta-carotene (P = 0.002). The results show that subjects reporting a diet rich in fish, starch, and beta-carotene and low in red meat had lower colorectal mucosa proliferation and a normal pattern of proliferation along the crypt. Given the correlation between colorectal proliferative activity and colon cancer risk, such a dietary pattern might be beneficial for subjects at high risk of colon cancer.  (+info)

Nutrient-specific preferences by lambs conditioned with intraruminal infusions of starch, casein, and water. (5/1890)

We hypothesized that lambs discriminate between postingestive effects of energy and protein and associate those effects with a food's flavor to modify food choices. Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that 1) lambs would acquire a preference for a poorly nutritious food (grape pomace) eaten during intraruminal infusions of energy (starch) or protein (casein) and that 2) shortly after an intraruminal infusion of energy or protein (preload), lambs would decrease their preferences for foods previously conditioned with starch or casein, respectively. Thirty lambs were allotted to three groups and conditioned as follows. On d 1, lambs in each group received grape pomace containing a different flavor and water was infused into their rumens as they ate the pomace. On d 2, the flavors were switched so each group received a new flavor and a suspension of starch (10% of the DE required per day) replaced the water infusion. On d 3, the flavors were switched again, and a suspension of casein (2.7 to 5.4% of the CP required per day) replaced the starch infusion. Conditioning was repeated during four consecutive trials. Lambs in Trial 1 had a basal diet of alfalfa pellets (e.g., free access from 1200 to 1700) and 400 g of rolled barley. Lambs in Trials 2, 3, and 4 received a restricted amount of alfalfa pellets (990 g/d) as their basal diet. After conditioning, all animals received an infusion of water, and, 30 min later, they were offered a choice of the three flavors previously paired with water, starch, or casein. On the ensuing days, the choice was repeated, but starch, casein, and barley replaced the water preload. The nutrient density of the infused preloads was increased during consecutive trials. Lambs preferred the flavors paired with starch > water > casein during Trial 1 (P < .05) and the flavors paired with starch > casein > water during Trials 2 (P < .05), 3 (P < .001), and 4 (P < .001). Preloads of casein decreased preferences for flavors previously paired with casein (P < .10 [Trial 2]; P < .001 [Trial 3], and increased preferences for flavors paired with starch (P < .05 [Trial 2]; P < .001 [Trial 3]). Preloads of energy (barley) had the opposite effect (P < .05 [Trial 3]). These results indicate that lambs discriminated between the postingestive effects of starch and casein and associated the effects with specific external cues (i.e., added flavors) to regulate macronutrient ingestion.  (+info)

The Pex16p homolog SSE1 and storage organelle formation in Arabidopsis seeds. (6/1890)

Mature Arabidopsis seeds are enriched in storage proteins and lipids, but lack starch. In the shrunken seed 1 (sse1) mutant, however, starch is favored over proteins and lipids as the major storage compound. SSE1 has 26 percent identity with Pex16p in Yarrowia lipolytica and complements pex16 mutants defective in the formation of peroxisomes and the transportation of plasma membrane- and cell wall-associated proteins. In Arabidopsis maturing seeds, SSE1 is required for protein and oil body biogenesis, both of which are endoplasmic reticulum-dependent. Starch accumulation in sse1 suggests that starch formation is a default storage deposition pathway.  (+info)

Acclimation of Arabidopsis leaves developing at low temperatures. Increasing cytoplasmic volume accompanies increased activities of enzymes in the Calvin cycle and in the sucrose-biosynthesis pathway. (7/1890)

Photosynthetic and metabolic acclimation to low growth temperatures were studied in Arabidopsis (Heynh.). Plants were grown at 23 degrees C and then shifted to 5 degrees C. We compared the leaves shifted to 5 degrees C for 10 d and the new leaves developed at 5 degrees C with the control leaves on plants that had been left at 23 degrees C. Leaf development at 5 degrees C resulted in the recovery of photosynthesis to rates comparable with those achieved by control leaves at 23 degrees C. There was a shift in the partitioning of carbon from starch and toward sucrose (Suc) in leaves that developed at 5 degrees C. The recovery of photosynthetic capacity and the redirection of carbon to Suc in these leaves were associated with coordinated increases in the activity of several Calvin-cycle enzymes, even larger increases in the activity of key enzymes for Suc biosynthesis, and an increase in the phosphate available for metabolism. Development of leaves at 5 degrees C also led to an increase in cytoplasmic volume and a decrease in vacuolar volume, which may provide an important mechanism for increasing the enzymes and metabolites in cold-acclimated leaves. Understanding the mechanisms underlying such structural changes during leaf development in the cold could result in novel approaches to increasing plant yield.  (+info)

A phosphoglycerate to inorganic phosphate ratio is the major factor in controlling starch levels in chloroplasts via ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase regulation. (8/1890)

Purified barley leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme of the starch synthesis in the chloroplast stroma, was analysed with respect to its possible regulation by factors defining the metabolic/effector status of the chloroplast during light and dark conditions. The enzyme required 3-phosphoglyceric acid for the maximal activity and was inhibited by inorganic phosphate. The optimal pH for the enzyme was at circa 7.0, regardless of the presence or absence of 3-phosphoglyceric acid, whereas the maximal activation by 3-phosphoglyceric acid was observed at pH 8.5 and higher. Changes in the concentration of Mg2+ and dithiothreitol had little or no effect on the enzymatic activity of AGPase. It has been directly demonstrated for the first time that a 3-phosphoglyceric acid/inorganic phosphate ratio, a crucial regulatory parameter, could be directly related to a defined activation state of the enzyme, allowing the prediction of a relative AGPase activity under given conditions. The predicted changes in the enzyme activity were directly correlated with earlier reported responses of starch levels to the 3-phosphoglyceric acid/inorganic phosphate ratio in chloroplasts. Consequences of this for the starch biosynthesis are discussed.  (+info)

I'm happy to help! However, it seems there might be a bit of confusion here. Starch is not typically considered a medical term, but rather a nutritional and biochemical concept. Here's a brief explanation:

Starch is a complex carbohydrate that serves as the primary form of energy storage in plants. It is made up of long chains of glucose molecules and can be found in various foods such as grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Amylase, an enzyme present in our saliva and digestive system, helps break down starch into simpler sugars during the digestion process so that our bodies can absorb them for energy.

I hope this clarifies any confusion! If you have any other questions or need further information on a medical topic, please don't hesitate to ask.

Amylose is a component of starch, which is a complex carbohydrate found in plants. Amylose is a long, straight chain polymer made up of thousands of glucose molecules linked together by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is less abundant than the other major component of starch, amylopectin, which has branched chains due to α-1,6 glycosidic bonds.

Amylose is relatively resistant to digestion by human enzymes, making it less easily absorbed and providing a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream compared to amylopectin. This property has led to its use in some low-glycemic index foods and as a dietary supplement for people with diabetes.

In addition to its role in food, amylose has industrial applications, such as in the production of adhesives, textiles, and paper. It is also used in medical research as a material for drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Hydroxyethyl starch derivatives are modified starches that are used as plasma expanders in medicine. They are created by chemically treating corn, potato, or wheat starch with hydroxylethyl groups, which makes the starch more soluble and less likely to be broken down by enzymes in the body. This results in a large molecule that can remain in the bloodstream for an extended period, increasing intravascular volume and improving circulation.

These derivatives are available in different molecular weights and substitution patterns, which affect their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. They are used to treat or prevent hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to various causes such as bleeding, burns, or dehydration. Common brand names include Hetastarch, Pentastarch, and Voluven.

It's important to note that the use of hydroxyethyl starch derivatives has been associated with adverse effects, including kidney injury, coagulopathy, and pruritus (severe itching). Therefore, their use should be carefully monitored and restricted to specific clinical situations.

Starch phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch and related polysaccharides, releasing alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate molecules. It is found in various tissues, including muscle and liver, and plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism by helping to regulate the breakdown and synthesis of glycogen, which is a storage form of glucose.

The enzyme works by transferring a phosphate group from inorganic phosphate to the terminal alpha-1,4 linked glucosyl residue of the substrate, resulting in the formation of glucose 1-phosphate and a shortened polysaccharide chain. This reaction is reversible, allowing the enzyme to also participate in glycogen synthesis by adding glucose units to the non-reducing end of the glycogen molecule.

Starch phosphorylase is important for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and providing energy to cells during periods of fasting or exercise. Deficiencies in this enzyme can lead to metabolic disorders, such as glycogen storage disease type VI (Hers disease), which is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal glycogen molecules in the liver and muscle tissue.

1,4-Alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme (GBE) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of glycogen, a complex carbohydrate that serves as the primary form of energy storage in animals and fungi. GBE catalyzes the transfer of a segment of a linear glucose chain (alpha-1,4 linkage) to an alpha-1,6 position on another chain, creating branches in the glucan molecule. This branching process enhances the solubility and compactness of glycogen, allowing it to be stored more efficiently within cells.

Defects in GBE are associated with a group of genetic disorders known as glycogen storage diseases type IV (GSD IV), also called Andersen's disease. This autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by the accumulation of abnormally structured glycogen in various tissues, particularly in the liver and muscles, leading to progressive liver failure, muscle weakness, cardiac complications, and sometimes neurological symptoms.

Alpha-amylases are a type of enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like maltose, maltotriose, and glucose. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in these complex carbohydrates, making them more easily digestible.

Alpha-amylases are produced by various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. In humans, alpha-amylases are primarily produced by the salivary glands and pancreas, and they play an essential role in the digestion of dietary carbohydrates.

Deficiency or malfunction of alpha-amylases can lead to various medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and genetic disorders like congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. On the other hand, excessive production of alpha-amylases can contribute to dental caries and other oral health issues.

Dietary carbohydrates refer to the organic compounds in food that are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a general formula of Cm(H2O)n. They are one of the three main macronutrients, along with proteins and fats, that provide energy to the body.

Carbohydrates can be classified into two main categories: simple carbohydrates (also known as simple sugars) and complex carbohydrates (also known as polysaccharides).

Simple carbohydrates are made up of one or two sugar molecules, such as glucose, fructose, and lactose. They are quickly absorbed by the body and provide a rapid source of energy. Simple carbohydrates are found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and sweeteners like table sugar, honey, and maple syrup.

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, are made up of long chains of sugar molecules that take longer to break down and absorb. They provide a more sustained source of energy and are found in foods such as whole grains, legumes, starchy vegetables, and nuts.

It is recommended that adults consume between 45-65% of their daily caloric intake from carbohydrates, with a focus on complex carbohydrates and limiting added sugars.

Digestion is the complex process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions that occur in the digestive system, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs such as the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

The different stages of digestion are:

1. Ingestion: This is the first step in digestion, where food is taken into the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: This involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces through chewing, churning, and mixing with digestive enzymes.
3. Chemical digestion: This involves breaking down food molecules into simpler forms using various enzymes and chemicals produced by the digestive system.
4. Absorption: Once the food is broken down into simple molecules, they are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream and transported to different parts of the body.
5. Elimination: The undigested material that remains after absorption is moved through the large intestine and eliminated from the body as feces.

The process of digestion is essential for maintaining good health, as it provides the necessary nutrients and energy required for various bodily functions.

"Solanum tuberosum" is the scientific name for a plant species that is commonly known as the potato. According to medical and botanical definitions, Solanum tuberosum refers to the starchy, edible tubers that grow underground from this plant. Potatoes are native to the Andes region of South America and are now grown worldwide. They are an important food source for many people and are used in a variety of culinary applications.

Potatoes contain several essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, fiber, protein, vitamin C, and some B vitamins. However, they can also be high in calories, especially when prepared with added fats like butter or oil. Additionally, potatoes are often consumed in forms that are less healthy, such as French fries and potato chips, which can contribute to weight gain and other health problems if consumed excessively.

In a medical context, potatoes may also be discussed in relation to food allergies or intolerances. While uncommon, some people may have adverse reactions to potatoes, including skin rashes, digestive symptoms, or difficulty breathing. These reactions are typically caused by an immune response to proteins found in the potato plant, rather than the tubers themselves.

'Zea mays' is the biological name for corn or maize, which is not typically considered a medical term. However, corn or maize can have medical relevance in certain contexts. For example, cornstarch is sometimes used as a diluent for medications and is also a component of some skin products. Corn oil may be found in topical ointments and creams. In addition, some people may have allergic reactions to corn or corn-derived products. But generally speaking, 'Zea mays' itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Isoamylase is not a medical term per se, but rather a biochemical term used to describe an enzyme. Medically, it may be relevant in the context of certain medical conditions or treatments that involve carbohydrate metabolism. Here's a general definition:

Isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68) is a type of amylase, a group of enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates, specifically starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars. Isoamylase is more precisely defined as an enzyme that hydrolyzes (breaks down) alpha-1,6 glucosidic bonds in isomaltose, panose, and dextrins, yielding mainly isomaltose and limit dextrin. It is found in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plants. In humans, isoamylase is involved in the digestion of starch in the small intestine, where it helps convert complex carbohydrates into glucose for energy absorption.

Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, also known as ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase or AGPase, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism, specifically in the synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the reaction between ATP and glucose-1-phosphate to produce ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate. This reaction is the first committed step in the biosynthetic pathway of starch in plants, algae, and some bacteria. In humans, defects in this enzyme can lead to a rare genetic disorder called glycogen storage disease type Ib.

Plasma substitutes are fluids that are used to replace the plasma volume in conditions such as hypovolemia (low blood volume) or plasma loss, for example due to severe burns, trauma, or major surgery. They do not contain cells or clotting factors, but they help to maintain intravascular volume and tissue perfusion. Plasma substitutes can be divided into two main categories: crystalloids and colloids.

Crystalloid solutions contain small molecules that can easily move between intracellular and extracellular spaces. Examples include normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and lactated Ringer's solution. They are less expensive and have a lower risk of allergic reactions compared to colloids, but they may require larger volumes to achieve the same effect due to their rapid distribution in the body.

Colloid solutions contain larger molecules that tend to stay within the intravascular space for longer periods, thus increasing the oncotic pressure and helping to maintain fluid balance. Examples include albumin, fresh frozen plasma, and synthetic colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and gelatin. Colloids may be more effective in restoring intravascular volume, but they carry a higher risk of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, and some types have been associated with adverse effects such as kidney injury and coagulopathy.

The choice of plasma substitute depends on various factors, including the patient's clinical condition, the underlying cause of plasma loss, and any contraindications or potential side effects of the available products. It is important to monitor the patient's hemodynamic status, electrolyte balance, and coagulation profile during and after the administration of plasma substitutes to ensure appropriate resuscitation and avoid complications.

Glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase, also known as amyloglucosidase or glucoamylase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-glycosidic bonds in starch and other oligo- and polysaccharides, breaking them down into individual glucose molecules. This enzyme specifically acts on the alpha (1->4) linkages found in amylose and amylopectin, two major components of starch. It is widely used in various industrial applications, including the production of high fructose corn syrup, alcoholic beverages, and as a digestive aid in some medical supplements.

Electrophoresis, starch gel is a type of electrophoretic technique used in laboratory settings for the separation and analysis of large biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. In this method, a gel made from cooked starch is used as the supporting matrix for the molecules being separated.

The sample containing the mixture of biomolecules is loaded onto the gel and an electric field is applied, causing the negatively charged molecules to migrate towards the positive electrode. The starch gel acts as a molecular sieve, with smaller molecules moving more quickly through the gel than larger ones. This results in the separation of the mixture into individual components based on their size and charge.

Once the separation is complete, the gel can be stained to visualize the separated bands. Different staining techniques are used depending on the type of biomolecule being analyzed. For example, proteins can be stained with dyes such as Coomassie Brilliant Blue or silver nitrate, while nucleic acids can be stained with dyes such as ethidium bromide.

Starch gel electrophoresis is a relatively simple and inexpensive technique that has been widely used in molecular biology research and diagnostic applications. However, it has largely been replaced by other electrophoretic techniques, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which offer higher resolution and can be automated for high-throughput analysis.

A plant tuber is not a medical term per se, but rather a term from botany. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you.

Tubers are specialized underground stems or roots that serve as storage organs for many types of plants. They consist of enlarged structures filled with nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and other organic compounds. Tubers can be classified into two main categories: true tubers and false tubers.

True tubers are swollen underground stems, such as those found in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). They have nodes and internodes like aboveground stems, but they lack leaves or buds. Instead, they have small bumps called "eyes" that contain dormant buds, which can sprout to produce new plants when conditions are favorable.

False tubers, on the other hand, are enlarged roots, such as those found in cassava (Manihot esculenta). They do not have nodes and internodes like true tubers but instead store nutrients in their fleshy tissues.

While plant tubers may not have a direct medical definition, they are essential to human health and nutrition. Many tuber crops provide important sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients in diets around the world.

Adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-glucose) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of glycogen, which is a complex carbohydrate that serves as a primary form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. In this process, ADP-glucose is formed from glucose-1-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the action of the enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Once synthesized, ADP-glucose is then used as a substrate for the enzyme glycogen synthase, which catalyzes the addition of glucose units to an existing glycogen molecule, leading to its growth and expansion. This pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cellular energy metabolism and maintaining glucose homeostasis within the body.

Carbohydrate metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then used for energy or stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen. This process involves several enzymes and chemical reactions that convert carbohydrates from food into glucose, fructose, or galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body.

The hormones insulin and glucagon regulate carbohydrate metabolism by controlling the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. Insulin is released from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high, such as after a meal, and promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. Glucagon, on the other hand, is released when blood sugar levels are low and signals the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism can result from genetic defects or acquired conditions that affect the enzymes or hormones involved in this process. Examples include diabetes, hypoglycemia, and galactosemia. Proper management of these disorders typically involves dietary modifications, medication, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.

Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts carbohydrates into alcohol or organic acids using enzymes. In the absence of oxygen, certain bacteria, yeasts, and fungi convert sugars into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and various end products, such as alcohol, lactic acid, or acetic acid. This process is commonly used in food production, such as in making bread, wine, and beer, as well as in industrial applications for the production of biofuels and chemicals.

Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules joined by an alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond. It is commonly found in malted barley and is created during the germination process when amylase breaks down starches into simpler sugars. Maltose is less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) and is broken down into glucose by the enzyme maltase during digestion.

Endosperm is a type of tissue found in the seeds of flowering plants, which provides nutrition to the developing embryo. It is formed from the fusion of one sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization in angiosperms (flowering plants). The endosperm can be triploid (having three sets of chromosomes) or sometimes diploid (having two sets of chromosomes), depending on the species.

The endosperm can have different forms and functions across various plant species. In some seeds, it serves as a food storage tissue, accumulating starch, proteins, and lipids that are used up by the embryo during germination and early growth. Examples of such seeds include cereal grains like corn, wheat, rice, and barley, where the endosperm makes up a significant portion of the grain.

In other plants, the endosperm may be absorbed by the developing embryo before seed maturation, leaving only a thin layer called the aleurone layer that surrounds the embryo. This aleurone layer is responsible for producing enzymes during germination, which help in breaking down stored nutrients and making them available to the growing embryo.

Overall, endosperm plays a crucial role in the development and survival of angiosperm seeds, acting as a source of nutrition and energy for the embryo.

Dextrins are a group of carbohydrates that are produced by the hydrolysis of starches. They are made up of shorter chains of glucose molecules than the original starch, and their molecular weight and physical properties can vary depending on the degree of hydrolysis. Dextrins are often used in food products as thickeners, stabilizers, and texturizers, and they also have applications in industry as adhesives and binders. In a medical context, dextrins may be used as a source of calories for patients who have difficulty digesting other types of carbohydrates.

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

Sucrose is a type of simple sugar, also known as a carbohydrate. It is a disaccharide, which means that it is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. Sucrose occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and is often extracted and refined for use as a sweetener in food and beverages.

The chemical formula for sucrose is C12H22O11, and it has a molecular weight of 342.3 g/mol. In its pure form, sucrose is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It is commonly used as a reference compound for determining the sweetness of other substances, with a standard sucrose solution having a sweetness value of 1.0.

Sucrose is absorbed by the body through the small intestine and metabolized into glucose and fructose, which are then used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. While moderate consumption of sucrose is generally considered safe, excessive intake can contribute to weight gain, tooth decay, and other health problems.

Beta-amylase is a type of amylase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of (1->4) glycosidic bonds in starch, specifically at the second position from the non-reducing end, to produce maltose and limit dextrin. It is found in various plants, fungi, and bacteria, but not in humans. In plants, beta-amylase plays a crucial role in the breakdown and mobilization of starch reserves during germination.

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are a type of fatty acid that have a low molecular weight and are known for their ability to evaporate at room temperature. They are produced in the body during the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins in the absence of oxygen, such as in the digestive tract by certain bacteria.

The most common volatile fatty acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. These compounds have various roles in the body, including providing energy to cells in the intestines, modulating immune function, and regulating the growth of certain bacteria. They are also used as precursors for the synthesis of other molecules, such as cholesterol and bile acids.

In addition to their role in the body, volatile fatty acids are also important in the food industry, where they are used as flavorings and preservatives. They are produced naturally during fermentation and aging processes, and are responsible for the distinctive flavors of foods such as yogurt, cheese, and wine.

Plastids are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. They are responsible for various cellular functions, including photosynthesis, storage of starch, lipids, and proteins, and the production of pigments that give plants their color. The most common types of plastids are chloroplasts (which contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis), chromoplasts (which contain pigments such as carotenoids and are responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors of fruits and flowers), and leucoplasts (which do not contain pigments and serve mainly as storage organelles). Plastids have their own DNA and can replicate themselves within the cell.

Cereals, in a medical context, are not specifically defined. However, cereals are generally understood to be grasses of the family Poaceae that are cultivated for the edible components of their grain (the seed of the grass). The term "cereal" is derived from Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture and harvest.

The most widely consumed cereals include:

1. Wheat
2. Rice
3. Corn (Maize)
4. Barley
5. Oats
6. Millet
7. Sorghum
8. Rye

Cereals are a significant part of the human diet, providing energy in the form of carbohydrates, as well as protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They can be consumed in various forms, such as whole grains, flour, flakes, or puffed cereals. Some people may have allergies or intolerances to specific cereals, like celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that requires a gluten-free diet (wheat, barley, and rye contain gluten).

I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.

Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.

"Food handling" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in the context of public health and food safety, it generally refers to the activities involved in the storage, preparation, and serving of food in a way that minimizes the risk of contamination and foodborne illnesses. This includes proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing and wearing gloves, separating raw and cooked foods, cooking food to the correct temperature, and refrigerating or freezing food promptly. Proper food handling is essential for ensuring the safety and quality of food in various settings, including restaurants, hospitals, schools, and homes.

The rumen is the largest compartment of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep. It is a specialized fermentation chamber where microbes break down tough plant material into nutrients that the animal can absorb and use for energy and growth. The rumen contains billions of microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, which help to break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in the plant material through fermentation.

The rumen is characterized by its large size, muscular walls, and the presence of a thick mat of partially digested food and microbes called the rumen mat or cud. The animal regurgitates the rumen contents periodically to chew it again, which helps to break down the plant material further and mix it with saliva, creating a more favorable environment for fermentation.

The rumen plays an essential role in the digestion and nutrition of ruminant animals, allowing them to thrive on a diet of low-quality plant material that would be difficult for other animals to digest.

In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.

It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.

Glucosyltransferases (GTs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a glucose molecule from an activated donor to an acceptor molecule, resulting in the formation of a glycosidic bond. These enzymes play crucial roles in various biological processes, including the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates, cell wall synthesis, and protein glycosylation. In some cases, GTs can also contribute to bacterial pathogenesis by facilitating the attachment of bacteria to host tissues through the formation of glucans, which are polymers of glucose molecules.

GTs can be classified into several families based on their sequence similarities and catalytic mechanisms. The donor substrates for GTs are typically activated sugars such as UDP-glucose, TDP-glucose, or GDP-glucose, which serve as the source of the glucose moiety that is transferred to the acceptor molecule. The acceptor can be a wide range of molecules, including other sugars, proteins, lipids, or small molecules.

In the context of human health and disease, GTs have been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. For example, some GTs can modify proteins on the surface of cancer cells, leading to increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, GTs can contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics by modifying the structure of bacterial cell walls or by producing biofilms that protect bacteria from host immune responses and antimicrobial agents.

Overall, Glucosyltransferases are essential enzymes involved in various biological processes, and their dysregulation has been associated with several human diseases. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and regulation of GTs is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target these enzymes and treat related pathological conditions.

Amylases are enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like maltose, glucose, and maltotriose. There are several types of amylases found in various organisms, including humans.

In humans, amylases are produced by the pancreas and salivary glands. Pancreatic amylase is released into the small intestine where it helps to digest dietary carbohydrates. Salivary amylase, also known as alpha-amylase, is secreted into the mouth and begins breaking down starches in food during chewing.

Deficiency or absence of amylases can lead to difficulties in digesting carbohydrates and may cause symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Elevated levels of amylase in the blood may indicate conditions such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or other disorders affecting the pancreas.

"Oryza sativa" is the scientific name for Asian rice, which is a species of grass and one of the most important food crops in the world. It is a staple food for more than half of the global population, providing a significant source of calories and carbohydrates. There are several varieties of Oryza sativa, including indica and japonica, which differ in their genetic makeup, growth habits, and grain characteristics.

Oryza sativa is an annual plant that grows to a height of 1-2 meters and produces long slender leaves and clusters of flowers at the top of the stem. The grains are enclosed within a tough husk, which must be removed before consumption. Rice is typically grown in flooded fields or paddies, which provide the necessary moisture for germination and growth.

Rice is an important source of nutrition for people around the world, particularly in developing countries where it may be one of the few reliable sources of food. It is rich in carbohydrates, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals, including thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and magnesium. However, rice can also be a significant source of arsenic, a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the grain during growth.

In medical terms, Oryza sativa may be used as a component of nutritional interventions for individuals who are at risk of malnutrition or who have specific dietary needs. It may also be studied in clinical trials to evaluate its potential health benefits or risks.

Glucans are polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) that are made up of long chains of glucose molecules. They can be found in the cell walls of certain plants, fungi, and bacteria. In medicine, beta-glucans derived from yeast or mushrooms have been studied for their potential immune-enhancing effects. However, more research is needed to fully understand their role and effectiveness in human health.

"Manihot" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of plants in the Euphorbiaceae family, also known as the spurge family. The most well-known species in this genus is Manihot esculenta, which is commonly called cassava or yuca. Cassava is a staple food crop in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, providing carbohydrates and calories for millions of people.

The roots of the cassava plant are rich in starch and can be eaten after being cooked or processed to remove toxic compounds. Cassava is an important source of dietary energy in many parts of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. In addition to its use as a food crop, some species of Manihot have also been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, although more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Dietary fiber, also known as roughage, is the indigestible portion of plant foods that makes up the structural framework of the plants we eat. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, lignins, and waxes. Dietary fiber can be classified into two categories: soluble and insoluble.

Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like material in the gut, which can help slow down digestion, increase feelings of fullness, and lower cholesterol levels. Soluble fiber is found in foods such as oats, barley, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts.

Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and passes through the gut intact, helping to add bulk to stools and promote regular bowel movements. Insoluble fiber is found in foods such as whole grains, bran, seeds, and the skins of fruits and vegetables.

Dietary fiber has numerous health benefits, including promoting healthy digestion, preventing constipation, reducing the risk of heart disease, controlling blood sugar levels, and aiding in weight management. The recommended daily intake of dietary fiber is 25-38 grams per day for adults, depending on age and gender.

The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is a pouch-like structure that connects to the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ascending colon (the first part of the large intestine). The cecum is where the appendix is attached. Its function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and it also serves as a site for the fermentation of certain types of dietary fiber by gut bacteria. However, the exact functions of the cecum are not fully understood.

"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.

Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.

Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.

I apologize, but "bread" is a common food item and not a medical term. It is typically made from flour, water, yeast, and salt, and is baked at high temperatures. There is no medical definition for bread. If you have any specific concerns about bread or its ingredients in relation to your health, I would be happy to try to help address those.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hordeum" is not a medical term. It is actually the genus name for barley in botany. If you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to explain, please let me know!

The Glycogen Debranching Enzyme System, also known as glycogen debranching enzyme or Amy-1, is a crucial enzyme complex in human biochemistry. It plays an essential role in the metabolism of glycogen, which is a large, branched polymer of glucose that serves as the primary form of energy storage in animals and fungi.

The Glycogen Debranching Enzyme System consists of two enzymatic activities: a transferase and an exo-glucosidase. The transferase activity transfers a segment of a branched glucose chain to another part of the same or another glycogen molecule, while the exo-glucosidase activity cleaves the remaining single glucose units from the outer branches of the glycogen molecule.

This enzyme system is responsible for removing the branched structures of glycogen, allowing the linear chains to be further degraded by other enzymes into glucose molecules that can be used for energy production or stored for later use. Defects in this enzyme complex can lead to several genetic disorders, such as Glycogen Storage Disease Type III (Cori's disease) and Type IV (Andersen's disease), which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal glycogen molecules in various tissues.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, into choline and acetic acid. This enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse, the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle fiber.

Acetylcholinesterase is located in the synaptic cleft, the narrow gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. When ACh is released from the presynaptic membrane and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, it triggers a response in the target cell. Acetylcholinesterase rapidly breaks down ACh, terminating its action and allowing for rapid cycling of neurotransmission.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase leads to an accumulation of ACh in the synaptic cleft, prolonging its effects on the postsynaptic membrane. This can result in excessive stimulation of cholinergic receptors and overactivation of the cholinergic system, which may cause a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, fasciculations, sweating, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, bradycardia, and bronchoconstriction.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma. However, they can also be used as chemical weapons, such as nerve agents, due to their ability to disrupt the nervous system and cause severe toxicity.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "textiles" is not a term that is typically used in a medical context. In general, textiles refer to the broad category of flexible materials made by weaving, knitting, braiding, or felting fibers together. They include things like clothing, upholstery, and other soft goods.

In a medical setting, terms such as "medical textiles" or "healthcare textiles" might be used to refer to textile-based products that are specifically designed for use in medical applications, such as bandages, wound dressings, sutures, and implantable materials. These products must meet strict regulatory requirements to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

However, it's important to note that while some healthcare professionals may be familiar with the term "textiles" in this context, it is not a standard medical term and would not be used in a formal medical definition.

In the context of medical billing and healthcare, "laundering" is not a term that has a specific or widely accepted definition. It may be used informally to refer to illegal activities such as submitting false claims for reimbursement or engaging in kickback schemes, but it does not have a recognized medical meaning.

In general, the term "money laundering" is used to describe the process of making illegally-gained proceeds appear legal by disguising the true origin of the money. It typically involves three steps: placement, layering, and integration. Placement is the act of introducing the illicit money into the financial system, often by breaking it up into smaller amounts and depositing it into various accounts. Layering is the process of moving the money through a series of transactions to make it difficult to trace back to its original source. Integration is the final step, in which the laundered money is mixed with legitimate funds and used for normal business or personal expenses.

It's important to note that engaging in any form of illegal activity, including money laundering, is a serious crime and can result in severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "wool" is not a term that has a medical definition. Wool refers to the thick coat of hair that is characteristic of sheep and some other animals. It is often used to create textiles and clothing due to its warmth and durability. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer them for you!

"Gossypium" is the scientific name for the cotton plant. It belongs to the Malvaceae family and is native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The cotton plant produces soft, fluffy fibers that are used to make a wide variety of textiles, including clothing, bedding, and other household items.

The medical community may use the term "Gossypium" in certain contexts, such as when discussing allergic reactions or sensitivities to cotton products. However, it is more commonly used in botany and agriculture than in medical terminology.

... analogous to starch). In addition to starch synthesis in plants, starch can be synthesized from non-food starch mediated by an ... Each plant species has a unique starch granular size: rice starch is relatively small (about 2 μm), potato starches have larger ... This process is called starch gelatinization. The gelatinization temperature of starch varies depending on starch cultivar, ... known as waxy starches. The most used is waxy maize, others are glutinous rice and waxy potato starch. Waxy starches undergo ...
ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, ADPG starch synthetase, and ADPG-starch glucosyltransferase Five isoforms seems to be ... Other names in common use include ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, adenosine diphosphate glucose-starch ... In enzymology, a starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D- ... Portal: Biology v t e (EC 2.4.1, Enzymes of known structure, Starch, All stub articles, EC 2.4 stubs). ...
... is a form of phosphorylase similar to glycogen phosphorylase, except that it acts upon starch instead of ... is largely known for the phosphorolytic degradation of starch. Starch phosphorylase catalyzes the reversible transfer of ... Two distinct forms of starch phosphorylase, plastidic phosphorylase and cytosolic phosphorylase, have been consistently ... Starch phosphorylase: role in starch metabolism and biotechnological applications. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080 ...
Pregelatinized starch (Dextrin) is starch which has been cooked and then dried in the starch factory on a drum dryer or in an ... Damaged starch can be produced, for example, during the wheat milling process, or when drying the starch cake in a starch plant ... So gelatinization of starch is used constantly in cooking to make the starch digestible or to thicken/bind water in roux, sauce ... Starch gelatinization is a process of breaking down of intermolecular bonds of starch molecules in the presence of water and ...
"Starch test" or "Starch recognition procedure". Also named after him is the "Starch formula", which describes how to determine ... Daniel Starch at adage.com Daniel Starch at the J-MC School Hall of Fame der University of Iowa Daniel Starch, Papers (1883- ... Starch ran his own company for 50 years until his retirement in 1973 at the age of 90. Starch authored several books in the ... Daniel Starch (1883-1979) was an American psychologist and marketing researcher. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of ...
... is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain leucoplasts (starch ... If potato starch is wetted it becomes sticky.[citation needed] Corn starch Katakuri Potato starch production Potato flour ... Memorandum on potato starch, International Starch Institute Potato starch gelatinization film, Youtube (Articles with short ... the waxy potato starch. Waxy starches, after starch gelatinisation, retrograde less during storage.[citation needed] The ...
... (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a ... "Hydroxyethyl-starch solutions (HES) should no longer be used in patients with sepsis or burn injuries or in critically ill ... Use of hydroxyethyl starch with normal saline in its preparation is contraindicated in people with severe increases in blood ... 2012). "Hydroxyethyl Starch or Saline for Fluid Resuscitation in Intensive Care". N Engl J Med. 367 (20): 1901-1911. doi: ...
... , maize starch, or cornflour (British English) is the starch derived from corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained ... waxy maize starch Corn sauce Corn syrup Corn ethanol Modified starch Potato starch Semolina Tapioca starch "Density of ... "International Starch: Production of corn starch". Starch.dk. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved June 12, ... As the starch is heated over 203 °F (95 °C), the molecular chains unravel, allowing them to collide with other starch chains to ...
Kenneth Earl Starch (born March 5, 1954) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. He played ... Starch also briefly played for the Oakland Raiders in the National Football League, and the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian ... "Ken Starch Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ...
... s also improved worker safety. Previously, starch rooms tended to have dangerously high levels of starch in the air ... The starch mogul system uses a machine with trays of starch. Each tray has a mold firmly pushed down in it to create cavities ... When the candies have set, they are removed from the trays and the starch is recycled. Starch moguls were invented around 1899 ... A starch mogul is a machine that makes shaped candies or candy centers from syrups or gels, such as gummi candy. These softer ...
Retrograded starch is less digestible (see resistant starch). Chemical modification of starches can reduce or enhance the ... gelatinized starch realign themselves as the cooked starch cools. When native starch is heated and dissolved in water, the ... Waxy, high amylopectin, starches also have much less of a tendency to retrogradate. Additives such as fat, glucose, sodium ... "Starch Retrogradation: A Comprehensive Review". Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 14 (5): 568-585. doi: ...
Acid-treated starch (INS 1401), also called thin boiling starch, is prepared by treating starch or starch granules with ... Modified starch should not be confused with genetically modified starch, which refers to starch from genetically engineered ... Other starch derivatives, the starch sugars, like glucose, high fructose syrup, glucose syrups, maltodextrins, starch degraded ... Acceptable daily intake - Measure of a substance in food or water Retrogradation (starch) - Gelatinization of starch Starch ...
... is a polysaccharide derived by chemical modification from starch. It is prepared by periodate oxidation of ... "The preparation and properties of dialdehyde starch and thermoplastic dialdehyde starch". Carbohydrate Polymers. 79 (2): 296. ... US patent 4001032, "Method of Making Nongelling Aqueous Cationic Dialdehyde Starch Compositions" v t e (Chemicals that do not ... Starch, All stub articles, Polymer stubs, Organic polymers). ... starch. It has found use in the paper industry, where in it has ...
... starch sodium octenyl succinate (E 1450), acetylated oxidised starch (E 1451) and starch aluminium octenyl succinate (E 1452) ... Acetylated starch, E1420 in the E number scheme of food additives, is a modified starch. These are not absorbed intact by the ... acetylated starch (E 1420), acetylated distarch adipate (E 1422), hydroxypropyl starch (E 1440), hydroxypropyl distarch ... "Re-evaluation of oxidised starch (E 1404), monostarch phosphate (E 1410), distarch phosphate (E 1412), phosphated distarch ...
"Heavy Starch - Ali". AllMusic. Retrieved March 16, 2018. Hazell, Ricardo (April 25, 2002). "Ali - Heavy Starch". HipHopDX. ... Heavy Starch is the debut studio album by American rapper Ali of St. Lunatics. It was released on April 30, 2002, via Universal ... Ali - Heavy Starch at Discogs (list of releases) v t e (Use mdy dates from December 2022, Articles with short description, ... In the United States, Heavy Starch debuted at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at number seven on Billboard's Top R&B/ ...
Cooked starches with high amylose content generally have increased resistant starch. Resistant starch (RS) is any starch or ... AACC (1999). "CHAPTER 1: Starch Structure". Starch Structure in "Starches". St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: American Association of ... rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch and resistant starch, each of which may affect levels of blood glucose. The ... wheat starch an average of 22 micrometers and rice starch approximately 8 micrometers. Raw starch granules resist digestion, e. ...
... is an isolation of starch from plant sources. It takes place in starch plants. Starch industry is a part of ... Corn starch Tapioca [1] Alfa Laval Starch production brochure [2] International Starch Institute Aarhus Denmark Potato starch ... starch extraction, starch milk refination, dewatering of refined starch milk and starch drying.[citation needed] The potato ... Refined starch milk has a density of about 22° Be, which is about 38% of starch. It is a suspension of starch in water, which ...
... is a type of modified starch used as a food additive. I has the E number E1440. Hydroxyl propyl starch is ... starch sodium octenyl succinate (E 1450), acetylated oxidised starch (E 1451) and starch aluminium octenyl succinate (E 1452) ... acetylated starch (E 1420), acetylated distarch adipate (E 1422), hydroxypropyl starch (E 1440), hydroxypropyl distarch ... "Re-evaluation of oxidised starch (E 1404), monostarch phosphate (E 1410), distarch phosphate (E 1412), phosphated distarch ...
The polymers that make up floridean starch are sometimes referred to as "semi-amylopectin". Floridean starch consists of a ... floridean starch has been described as lacking amylose. However, amylose has been identified as a component of floridean starch ... Floridean starch is often described in contrast to starch (a mixture of amylopectin and amylose) and glycogen: Historically, ... Floridean starch is a type of a storage glucan found in glaucophytes and in red algae (or rhodophytes), in which it is usually ...
For example; Tapioca starch: 5-35 µm Potato starch: 15-100 µm Maize starch: 5-25 µm Rice starch: 3-8 µm but all are generally ... Starch is stored in the amyloplasts, a specialized organelle found within plant cells, as starch grains. The starch grain is ... Starch can also be investigated when it is not in its raw form. For example, Modified starch is created when the morphological ... In terms of starch grain analysis, the starch grains are released by use of an ultrasonic bath and the distilled water ...
... thickening of starch film or paste during storage) less compared to regular potato starch. Waxy potato starch derivatives are ... Waxy potato starch is a variety of commercially available starch composed almost entirely of amylopectin molecules, extracted ... Standard starch extracted from traditional potato varieties contains both amylose and amylopectin. Waxy potato starch, when ... EFSA BASF Amflora gmo starch Archived 2013-01-18 at archive.today Waxy potato starch gelatinization film, Youtube "Products ...
... titles are available online and in bookstores in all major English language markets worldwide. No Starch Press ... No Starch Press, 2012. ISBN 978-1-59327-409-2 Cha, Kai-Ming (December 9, 2008). "No Starch Press Offers Manga-Style Technical ... No Starch Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-59327-144-2 Ayers, Phoebe (2008). How Wikipedia Works. San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN ... No Starch Press was founded in 1994 by Bill Pollock. It is headquartered in San Francisco. The company has published titles ...
The iodine-starch test is a chemical reaction that is used to test for the presence of starch or for iodine. The combination of ... Starch is often used in chemistry as an indicator for redox titrations where triiodide is present. Starch forms a very dark ... The interaction between starch and the triiodide anion (I− 3) is the basis for iodometry. The iodine-starch test was first ... in order to remove most of the iodine before the starch is added. This is due to the insolubility of the starch-triiodide ...
... are produced by the partial hydrolysis of starch - most often corn starch, but also potato ... Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates are similar to sorbitol: if the starch is completely hydrolyzed so that only single glucose ... "Hydrogenated Starch Hydrosylate" (Organic compounds, Starch, Polyols, Sugar alcohols). ... starch or wheat starch. This creates dextrins (glucose and short glucose chains). The hydrolyzed starch (dextrin) then ...
... flows into the Mohawk River in Utica, New York. "Starch Factory Creek". Geographic Names Information ... "Starch Factory Creek". usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 12, 2017. (Articles with short description ...
Starch is a computer game written by Mark Dixon in 1990 for the Acorn Archimedes computer. The objective of the game was to ... Starch saw two manual workers, Harry and Dave, on a frantic clothes-cleaning night shift. The game supported either one or two ... Starch was retailed through Dabs Press which was closely associated with the publisher Alien Images. The game supported either ... 135-140, archived from the original on 2013-01-16, retrieved 2012-11-06 Starch (1990) gameplay. YouTube. 17 May 2007. (Articles ...
... (EC 2.4.99.16, alpha1,4-glucan:maltose-1-P maltosyltransferase, GMPMT) is an enzyme ... Starch+synthase+(maltosyl-transferring) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: ...
... starch sodium octenyl succinate (E 1450), acetylated oxidised starch (E 1451) and starch aluminium octenyl succinate (E 1452) ... Starch sodium octenyl succinate, E1450 in the E number scheme of food additives, is a modified starch. These are not absorbed ... acetylated starch (E 1420), acetylated distarch adipate (E 1422), hydroxypropyl starch (E 1440), hydroxypropyl distarch ... 2017). "Re-evaluation of oxidised starch (E 1404), monostarch phosphate (E 1410), distarch phosphate (E 1412), phosphated ...
Other names in common use include granule-bound starch synthase, starch synthase II (ambiguous), waxy protein, starch granule- ... granule-bound starch synthase I, GBSSI, granule-bound starch synthase II, GBSSII, GBSS, and NDPglucose-starch ... Fujita N, Taira T (1998). "A 56-kDa protein is a novel granule-bound starch synthase existing in the pericarps, aleurone layers ... Tsai CY (1974). "The function of the waxy locus in starch synthesis in maize endosperm" (PDF). Biochem. Genet. 11 (2): 83-96. ...
... is an intense itching, lasting for as long as one year, occurring following hydroxyethyl ... ISBN 978-0-07-138076-8. Wiedermann CJ, Joannidis M (February 2014). "Accumulation of hydroxyethyl starch in human and animal ... Pruritus Bork K (January 2005). "Pruritus precipitated by hydroxyethyl starch: a review". The British Journal of Dermatology. ... "Differential storage of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in the skin: an immunoelectron-microscopical long-term study". Cell and ...
... analogous to starch). In addition to starch synthesis in plants, starch can be synthesized from non-food starch mediated by an ... Each plant species has a unique starch granular size: rice starch is relatively small (about 2 μm), potato starches have larger ... This process is called starch gelatinization. The gelatinization temperature of starch varies depending on starch cultivar, ... known as waxy starches. The most used is waxy maize, others are glutinous rice and waxy potato starch. Waxy starches undergo ...
Perl.com and the authors make no representations with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of all work on this website and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. The information published on this website may not be suitable for every situation. All work on this website is provided with the understanding that Perl.com and the authors are not engaged in rendering professional services. Neither Perl.com nor the authors shall be liable for damages arising herefrom.. ...
Goji Berries And Starch - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... Goji Berries And Starch. *1. . Goji Berries And Starch Each of the 4 main polysaccharides has their own unique benefit. They ... Up until current years, researcher had put all polysaccharides together with other carbohydrates such as starches and sugars. ...
Resistant starch is a nondigestible fiber that ferments in the large intestine, and consumption of it has previously been shown ... Resistant starch supplement reduces liver triglycerides in people with fatty liver disease Peer-Reviewed Publication Cell Press ... They were instructed to drink 20 grams of the starch mixed with 300 mL water (1 ¼ cups) before meals twice a day for 4 months. ... So, Li and her team wanted to investigate if resistant starch-a type of fiber known to encourage the growth of beneficial gut ...
... rice starch becomes a smooth cream when heated by the warm water of a bath. ... Rice flour is produced by simply milling the grains while starch requires a bit more processing. Proteins must be removed from ... A superfine powder, rice starch becomes a smooth cream when heated by the warm water of a bath. ... the flour, resulting in a starch with the smallest granules available commercially. Thanks to the polysaccharides it contains, ...
National Starch announces price rises for tapioca starch 11-Mar-2005. Facing the pressure of squeezed margins ICI-owned starch ... National Starch highlights innovation at food unit 05-Jan-2005. ICI subsidiary National Starch, which supplies starches to a ... National Starch is extending its range of Novation functional native starches to include two new starches from waxy maize that ... with UK starch business National Starch launching Advanta-Gel, an instant structurising starch. ...
Consider these 9 substitutes for potato starch, along with information on serving sizes and recipes. ... Trying to make a recipe but cant think of a good substitute for potato starch? ... Potato starch is a versatile ingredient made by crushing potatoes to extract the starch. When youre using potato starch, ... Tapioca starch works well as a thickener. You can also use it in place of potato starch in baked goods, but you may need to ...
Starch & ScentBeadsLiquidsSheetsSprayStain RemoversPaper ProductsToilet PaperCoffee FiltersDisposable FiltersFacial Tissues ... StarchBaking SuppliesBaking Nuts, Seeds, & CoconutBread CrumbsCanned/Dry MilkChips, Bars & CocoaExtractsFlour & MealFrosting & ...
BD supports the healthcare industry with market-leading products and services that aim to improve care while lowering costs. We host and take part in events that excel in advancing the world of health ...
Liquid starch is thinner than most other kinds of paste used for paper mache, so the paper absorbs it very quickly. ... Liquid starch is an adhesive used primarily on fabric during ironing, but it can also be used for paper mache. ... Add corn starch to the liquid starch to thicken it, if desired. Add corn starch to the liquid starch until the liquid reaches ... Liquid starch is an adhesive used primarily on fabric during ironing, but it can also be used for paper mache. Liquid starch is ...
... and keyboard shortcuts for the quintessential Unix text editor at the tips of your fingers with this one-of-a-kind No Starch ...
Starch Tuber Wikidot user since:. 28 Apr 2021 10:44. Account type:. free Karma level:. very high (what is this?) ...
Inaccurate grain measurements (moisture, protein, starch and oil) can have a large economic impact on the grain market.This ... Lee, G. (2017), Standardization of Moisture, Protein, Oil and Starch Measurements in Grain, National Conference of Standards ... grain measurements, grain meter, grain samples, meter calibrations, moisture, oil, protein, starch ... https://www.nist.gov/publications/standardization-moisture-protein-oil-and-starch-measurements-grain ...
... hot cooked rice high in resistant starch (RS) is of particular interest, which will have greater impact in the dietary ... Starch properties of mutant rice high in resistant starch J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jan 25;54(2):523-8. doi: 10.1021/jf0524123. ... As the staple food of over half the worlds population, hot cooked rice high in resistant starch (RS) is of particular interest ... Obvious differences in physicochemical properties, starch granule morphology, pasting properties, thermal properties, and X-ray ...
... starch and food additives. Free access to news on food science in Europe. ...
What are the health advantages of starches being gelatinized and crystallized? Foods and recipes containing resistant starch ... Resistant starch is also called retrograde starch or non-digestible starch. Foods rich in resistant starch. Resistant starches ... Tips and frequently asked questions when making resistant starch. *The purpose of making resistant starch is to improve starch ... What is resistant starch?. Resistant starch is a type of fiber that is obtained from the gelatinization and crystallization of ...
... rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch and resistant starch, which one is better for people with obesity or ... Resistant starch. Characteristics of rapidly digestible starch. Boiled potato with spinach. The starches present in the boiled ... Classification and classes of starch. What is starch and how is it classified?. Starch is a type of complex carbohydrate found ... In English it is abbreviated as SDS (Slowly Digestive Starch).. Classification of starch and the types of resistant starches ( ...
Daily Use With SPF Products Containing Zea Mays (Corn) Starch Sort best to worst. Sort worst to best. Sort alphabetical A-Z. ...
There was no association with total starch consumption and tooth decay.. *However, total starch increased risk of dental caries ... with slowly digestible starch (SDS) in the diet, and also the impact of total starch intake on oral health. ... In other words, some starches may also cause tooth decay.. With this in mind, the World Health Organisation (WHO) commissioned ... Effects of Starch on Oral Health: Systematic Review to Inform WHO Guideline. J Dent Res. 2019 ...
Public Citizen and two leading medical experts petitioned the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to remove hydroxyethyl starch ...
... a form of dietary starch that "resists" digestion, can condition the colon in such a way to prevent colon cancer and diabetes ... But starch, for the most part, is highly digestible; and fiber is not. Starches are found in root vegetables, tubers, winter ... "In this way, resistant starch acts as a probiotic. Resistant starch also has some of the properties of insoluble fiber, so it ... So, how can a bit of indigestible starch do all this?. "Resistant starch is a very good substrate for fermentation," Higgins ...
Starch Cells. "a, Starch cells of the Pea, showing grains of starch in the interior. b, Seperate starch grains, with… ... "When the fibers of roots become enlarged by the deposition of starch, they form this variety of root."-Darby,… ...
... and resistant starch may be the best way to feed them. Learn all about how it works here. ... Officially, resistant starch is "the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of ... There are four types of resistant starch:. RS Type 1 - Starch bound by indigestible plant cell walls; found in beans, grains, ... We can get RS from supplementary isolated starch sources. The best sources are raw potato starch, plantain flour, green banana ...
Publisher: No Starch. Date: October 2023. Pages: 344. ISBN: 978-1718501584. Print: 1718501587. Kindle: B0BZGZSX8Z. Audience: C# ...
Our starch solution course is beneficial for anyone who values clinically proven means of weight management that can reverse or ... Starch Solution Course Details. The national best-selling book, The Starch Solution, combined with 19 video lectures (also made ... Lesson 4 - Starch: The Traditional Diet of People (Pt. 2). *Lesson 5 - People Passionate about Starches Are Healthy and ... Starch Solution Certification and Mini-Courses 25% off, and all digital books free, now through Dec. 31! × ...
Michael Starch. Bands. Band. Instrumente. von. bis. Anm.. Davis, Eddie Lockjaw & Michael Starch Trio featuring Karl Ratzer. ...
... which makes a finer paste than wheat starch. Often used with more delicate papers and as a conservation paste. Must be mixed ... Adhesive Rice Starch 8 ounces. Bookbinding Supplies Rice Starch is a museum quality adhesive which makes a slightly finer paste ... Rice Starch is a museum quality adhesive which makes a slightly finer paste than wheat starch. Often used for paper repairs and ... than wheat starch. Often used for paper repairs and as a premium grade conservation glue. Must be mixed with water and cooked ...
Find Natural Corn Starch products, manufacturers, suppliers and exporters ... modified corn starch for corrugated carton. Modified starch is made from natural corn starch whose attribute is changed in ... Modified corn starch. Please directly send inquiry to wym-emily at hotmail dot com Modified starch is made from natural corn ... Resistant dextrin made by Non-GMO corn starch PRODUCT INTRODUCTION: Non-GMO natural corn starch, under acidity conditions and ...
A resistant starch derived from potato (Solanum tuberosum) increased the abundance of several species of healthy Bifidobacteria ... Potato-derived resistant starch shows prebiotic benefits for the elderly. By Stephen Daniells 01-May-2017. - Last updated on 02 ... "Our clinical study is the first to demonstrate that the resistant starch MSPrebiotic at 30 g/day is well tolerated and does fit ... A resistant starch derived from potato (Solanum tuberosum) increased the abundance of several species of healthy Bifidobacteria ...
  • Potato starch is a versatile ingredient made by crushing potatoes to extract the starch. (healthline.com)
  • When you're using potato starch, you're using the dried and ground potatoes in the form of a fine powder. (healthline.com)
  • Potato starch is featured in a variety of recipes as a thickener, gluten-free flour substitute, and coating for fried foods. (healthline.com)
  • However, if you don't have any potato starch on hand, you can swap in several other ingredients. (healthline.com)
  • Here are 9 simple and effective substitutes for potato starch. (healthline.com)
  • Often used as a thickener, an anticaking agent, and a gluten-free baking staple , cornstarch is one of the best substitutes for potato starch when you're in a pinch. (healthline.com)
  • You can use cornstarch in place of potato starch in a 1:1 ratio. (healthline.com)
  • However, keep in mind that cornstarch doesn't handle high temperatures as well as potato starch, so it may not be the best choice for recipes that use high heat cooking methods. (healthline.com)
  • Cornstarch can be used in place of potato starch in baked goods or foods such as soups, sauces, and gravies. (healthline.com)
  • If you use it in small amounts as a thickener, you can swap potato starch for an equal amount of tapioca starch. (healthline.com)
  • You can also use it in place of potato starch in baked goods, but you may need to adjust the ratio of your recipe. (healthline.com)
  • You can use it in place of potato starch in a wide variety of recipes. (healthline.com)
  • However, using arrowroot in place of potato starch can slightly change the flavor of your final product. (healthline.com)
  • Arrowroot powder is also a bit drier than potato starch, so you may need to use a smaller amount. (healthline.com)
  • The general recommendation is to use 2 teaspoons (5 grams) of arrowroot powder for each tablespoon (10 grams) of potato starch. (healthline.com)
  • Arrowroot powder boasts a neutral flavor and can be used instead of potato starch to thicken foods. (healthline.com)
  • The thickening properties of rice flour may not prove as strong as those of potato starch. (healthline.com)
  • Though it has a subtle, slightly sweet taste and a sticky texture, it can be substituted for potato starch in many recipes. (healthline.com)
  • Try swapping in an equal amount of mochiko flour for potato starch in cakes, muffins, brownies, and waffles. (healthline.com)
  • You can also use it in place of potato starch as a thickener or a breading for fried foods . (healthline.com)
  • You could also use it instead of potato starch to thicken foods or as a coating for fried foods. (healthline.com)
  • Wheat flour is one of the most versatile and widely available alternatives to potato starch. (healthline.com)
  • You may need to use about twice the amount of wheat flour when using it as a substitute for potato starch. (healthline.com)
  • The starches present in the boiled potato take very little time to be absorbed. (botanical-online.com)
  • It is found in short-cooked starch-rich grains , such as pasta al dente, lightly cooked rice, undercooked potato, … It is more tolerable than the previous one for people with obesity and diabetes . (botanical-online.com)
  • If the potato is cooled (refrigerated), the starch crystallizes and becomes resistant. (botanical-online.com)
  • Cells of a raw potato, with starch grains in natural condition. (usf.edu)
  • The best sources are raw potato starch, plantain flour, green banana flour, and cassava/tapioca starch. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • The most reliable way to get lots of RS, fast, is with raw potato starch. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Potato starch is used in food production as a thickener and filler, a fat substitute and as a carrier for flavouring, as a stabiliser for emulsions and to bind water. (ecplaza.net)
  • Potato starch is characterised by its white colour, its neutral taste and high. (ecplaza.net)
  • Description Potato starch is widely used in textile, oil drilling, feed and food industries, especially the international and domestic market opening of food, the high precision of potato starch surge in demand, and potato starch have other. (ecplaza.net)
  • A resistant starch derived from potato (Solanum tuberosum) increased the abundance of several species of healthy Bifidobacteria in elderly people, showing the ingredient meets the criteria as a prebiotic, says a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The European starch industry is "deeply disappointed" by the Chinese government's decision to extend anti-subsidy duties against EU potato starch while the European Commission says it is considering appropriate steps to take. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
  • What is a good substitute for potato starch? (food52.com)
  • If you used potato starch and it was not smooth, is it possible you had potato flour instead? (food52.com)
  • My cheesecake recipe called for potato starch which turned out fine but not as smooth as I would have liked. (food52.com)
  • Cornstarch, tapioca, or arrowroot are most commonly recommended to give you the same effect as potato starch. (food52.com)
  • In this study, we combined two wheat proteins, gliadin (Gli)/glutenin (GT), and modified potato starch (MPS) into composites using extrusion. (lu.se)
  • These findings provide in-depth information for tailoring the structural-functional relationship of the Gli/GT-potato starch composites for their promising use in designing various green materials. (lu.se)
  • Among them, 100 patients also received a resistant starch powder derived from maize while the other 100 received calorie-matched non-resistant corn starch as a control. (eurekalert.org)
  • Corn Products International has said the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has given initial approval of its $1.3bn acquisition of National Starch, with the deal expected to be finalized by early October. (foodnavigator.com)
  • National Starch is to be sold to US-based Corn Products International for US$1.3bn, current owner Akzo Nobel has confirmed. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Add corn starch to the liquid starch to thicken it, if desired. (ehow.com)
  • Add corn starch to the liquid starch until the liquid reaches the thickness you want. (ehow.com)
  • This is especially important if you added corn starch to make the paste thicker because corn starch attracts insects. (ehow.com)
  • These starches - found in seed hulls, parts of corn and beans, and in room-temperature rice and pasta - can ferment in the colon to promote the growth of "good" bacteria and have many other beneficial effects. (livescience.com)
  • An illustration of corn starch cells. (usf.edu)
  • Cornstarch disposable cutlery is made of natural corn starch , plant fiber, and Polypropylene. (ecplaza.net)
  • The cornstarch spoons and cornstarch fork is made of 53% corn starch +47% Polypropylene. (ecplaza.net)
  • Corn starch Feature:Folding, Stocked Place of. (ecplaza.net)
  • Resistant dextrin made by Non-GMO corn starch PRODUCT INTRODUCTION: Non-GMO natural corn starch , under acidity conditions and heating decomposition can get low molecular weight soluble glucan. (ecplaza.net)
  • Material Corn starch Color Natural Color Tableware Type Spoon Feature Biodegradable and Compostable Application Restaurant & Home & Fast food restaurant MOQ 300,000 Pay Term T/T, D/P, Western union, Credit card, other payments Brand Histar Origin. (ecplaza.net)
  • Participants were randomly assigned to a daily MSPrebiotic supplement (30 grams) or placebo (30 grams per day of corn starch) for three months. (nutraingredients.com)
  • This company processed 160,000 bushels/day of corn into starch and syrup products. (cdc.gov)
  • Complex carbohydrates include starches and fibers (which occur in wheat products such as breads and pastas), other grains (such as rye and corn), beans, and root vegetables (such as potatoes and sweet potatoes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Starch grains from the rhizomes of Typha (cattails, bullrushes) as flour have been identified from grinding stones in Europe dating back to 30,000 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • Starch grains from sorghum were found on grind stones in caves in Ngalue, Mozambique dating up to 100,000 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rice flour is produced by simply milling the grains while starch requires a bit more processing. (lush.com)
  • Starch is a type of complex carbohydrate found in most starchy foods, such as cereals (refined and whole grains), tubers and roots , legumes , and vegetables . (botanical-online.com)
  • a, Starch cells of the Pea, showing grains of starch in the interior. (usf.edu)
  • The objectives were to systematically review all available published evidence pertaining to the effect on oral health outcomes of replacing rapidly digestible starch (RDS) with slowly digestible starch (SDS) in the diet, and also the impact of total starch intake on oral health. (glycemicindex.com)
  • Up until current years, researcher had put all polysaccharides together with other carbohydrates such as starches and sugars. (slideshare.net)
  • The main function of resistant starch is to feed the intestinal microbiota or flora , made up of a series of microorganisms that feed on the fiber we consume in the diet, mainly carbohydrates, in the form of fibers and starches. (botanical-online.com)
  • Taking into account that it is a food with a moderate glycemic index (100 grams of banana provides 30 grams of carbohydrates, of which 15 are sugar), the retrogradation of starches manages to avoid the absorption of part of these carbohydrates. (botanical-online.com)
  • The resistance, in this case, comes in the form of so-called resistant starches , certain kinds of carbohydrates that resist digestion in the small intestine and enter into the large intestine, or colon, mostly in the same form they entered your mouth. (livescience.com)
  • All carbohydrates, including sugars and starches, will raise blood sugar. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is a type of starch that is not digestible in the small intestine , but, when it reaches the colon it can be fermented by the intestinal flora, producing short-chain fatty acids and fermentation gases. (botanical-online.com)
  • When cooked, this starch gelidifies and becomes digestible. (botanical-online.com)
  • Substituting wheat flour for resistant starch may be an easy way for formulators to boost the health profile of a product without affecting taste or acceptance, says a new study from Spain. (foodnavigator.com)
  • National Starch has secured a deal to sell ConAgra's high-flour wholegrain barley flour and flakes in Europe, and expects it to prove popular in bars, cereals, baked goods and beverages. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Sticky, long, perfumed, wild, white, brown or black, there are as many types of rice as one desires, and some useful by-products can also be obtained from the grain such as bran, bran oil, flour or starch. (lush.com)
  • Proteins must be removed from the flour, resulting in a starch with the smallest granules available commercially. (lush.com)
  • Tapioca starch, also sometimes called tapioca flour, is an ingredient extracted from the roots of the cassava plant. (healthline.com)
  • Additionally, keep in mind that using large amounts of tapioca starch can cause baked goods to become chewy or sticky, so it may work better when paired with other types of flour. (healthline.com)
  • Rice flour is also heavier than other substitutes, such as arrowroot powder and tapioca starch. (healthline.com)
  • Most starch, flour, grain and loaf characteristics did not vary between BlessT and the wild type sibling controls. (jic.ac.uk)
  • However, BlessT starches had higher water absorption, reduced grain hardness and higher protein content, and dough made from BlessT flour required more water and had increased elasticity. (jic.ac.uk)
  • After the 4-month experiment, participants who received the resistant starch treatment had nearly 40% lower liver triglyceride levels compared to patients in the control group. (eurekalert.org)
  • In 2010, scientists at Virginia Polytechnic and State University reported that resistant starch might also protect against breast cancer . (livescience.com)
  • Classification of starch and the types of resistant starches (retrograde starches) that exist. (botanical-online.com)
  • Cooling foods like cooked rice, legumes, or tubers to turn them into retrograde starches is the best way people with diabetes can consume these foods . (botanical-online.com)
  • It is important that starchy food is cooked , otherwise retrograde starches would not form. (botanical-online.com)
  • Most green plants store energy as starch, which is packed into semicrystalline granules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The glucose is used to generate the chemical energy required for general metabolism, to make organic compounds such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose, or is stored in the form of starch granules, in amyloplasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • HP starch is produced by treating starch or starch granules with phosphoric acid and propylene oxide. (makingcosmetics.com)
  • Characterization of wheat lacking B-type starch granules. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The physicochemical and agronomic properties of a new form of bread wheat lacking B-type starch granules (BlessT) were assessed. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Quantification of starch granule size and number in developing grain confirmed the lack of small, B-type starch granules throughout development in BlessT. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Despite the lack of B-granules, BlessT lines do not display a significant decrease in total starch content suggesting that it should be possible to produce commercial wheat varieties that lack B-type starch granules without compromising yield. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Pure extracted wheat starch paste was used in Ancient Egypt, possibly to glue papyrus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rice Starch is a museum quality adhesive which makes a slightly finer paste than wheat starch. (hollanders.com)
  • These findings support the potential utility of this novel type of wheat as a specialist crop in applications ranging from bread making and alcohol production to improved industrial starch products. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Fruit, seeds, rhizomes, and tubers store starch to prepare for the next growing season. (wikipedia.org)
  • Starch was extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera. (ijpsonline.com)
  • commonly found in "hi-maize resistant starch. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Maize starch was one of the earliest used excipients for pharmaceutical dosage forms. (cargill.com)
  • Depending on the application, maize starch acts as a diluent, disintegrating agent or binder. (cargill.com)
  • We supply different grades of maize starch: regular maize starch, low moisture maize starch and white maize starch. (cargill.com)
  • White maize starches differ in their zeaxanthin content, resulting in improved whiteness of the starch. (cargill.com)
  • Roll-dried, pregelatinized maize starch is used as a binding agent in the granulation of active ingredients. (cargill.com)
  • Its properties were studied in comparison with Maize starch I.P. The studies indicated that D. bulbifera starch is quantitatively and qualitatively comparable to Maize starch I.P. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Rice starch as surface treatment of paper has been used in paper production in China since 700 CE. (wikipedia.org)
  • A superfine powder, rice starch becomes a smooth cream when heated by the warm water of a bath. (lush.com)
  • It is usually gelatinized starch (amylopectin) that is found in abundance in foods rich in starches cooked at high temperatures, such as potatoes , bread , or rice when they are highly cooked. (botanical-online.com)
  • Beans and peas are two sources of resistant starch in a hot dish while rice and pastas offer the benefit only at room temperature. (livescience.com)
  • For example, pasta and rice have resistant starch, but only at room temperature. (livescience.com)
  • Mechanisms of rice protein hydrolysate regulating the in vitro digestibility of rice starch under extrusion treatment in terms of structure, physicochemical properties and interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties, structure, and starch digestibility of extruded rice starch - protein hydrolysate (ERS-RPH) complexes prepared by extrusion treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • By analyzing patients' fecal samples, the team found the resistant starch group had a different microbiota composition and functionality compared with the control. (eurekalert.org)
  • 52 (11%) participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the resistant starch group. (facingourrisk.org)
  • 27 (6%) participants were diagnosed with non-colorectal cancer in the resistant starch group. (facingourrisk.org)
  • 5 (1%) participants were diagnosed with cancers of the upper GI tract in the resistant starch group. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the EU the starch industry produced about 11 million tonnes in 2011, with around 40% being used for industrial applications and 60% for food uses, most of the latter as glucose syrups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The US produced about 27.5 million tons of starch in 2017, of which about 8.2 million tons was high fructose syrup, 6.2 million tons was glucose syrups, and 2.5 million tons were starch products. (wikipedia.org)
  • The extra glucose is changed into starch which is more complex than the glucose produced by plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • glucose in the form of starch, on the other hand, is not soluble, therefore osmotically inactive and can be stored much more compactly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemically, starch is a tree-shaped molecule that is formed by the union of different molecules, amylose and amylopectin , which, in turn, are both made up of glucose. (botanical-online.com)
  • During digestion, this type of starch takes less than 20 minutes to convert to glucose (sugar). (botanical-online.com)
  • It is a type of starch more difficult to break down by digestive enzymes , which take about 100 minutes to convert to glucose. (botanical-online.com)
  • Perhaps surprising for some, our saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which is able to break down the sugar maltose into glucose, and it is also able to breakdown some starches into glucose as well. (glycemicindex.com)
  • Basically, we think about starch that we (meaning our host cells) can digest, absorb, and metabolize as glucose (for better or worse). (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Instead of being cleaved in twain by our enzymes and absorbed as glucose, resistant starch (RS) travels unscathed through the small intestine into the colon, where colonic gut flora metabolize it into short chain fatty acids. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • The results indicated that replacement of glucose by starch stimulated colistin production and biosynthesis rate. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, replacement of glucose by starch resulted in residue reducing sugar and pH of fermentation mixture low relative to glucose as the sole sugar source. (hindawi.com)
  • At the molecular level, it was found that replacement of glucose by starch has enhanced the relative expression level of ccpA encoding catabolite control protein A. Therefore, the repression of starch utilization by glucose could be probably relieved. (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrated that starch instead of glucose can promote colistin production probably by affecting the expression of colistin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as reducing the repression of glucose to a secondary metabolic product. (hindawi.com)
  • Public Citizen and two leading medical experts petitioned the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to remove hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions from the market because the solutions cause kidney failure, bleeding, and death and there are safer alternatives available. (citizen.org)
  • This study also found that hydroxyethyl starch significantly increased the incidence of kidney replacement therapy, compared with saline (7.0% vs 5.8%, P = .04), Ringer lactate, or Ringer acetate. (medscape.com)
  • When the fibers of roots become enlarged by the deposition of starch, they form this variety of root. (usf.edu)
  • I didn't dismiss resistant starch, but I did downplay its importance, characterizing it as "just another type of prebiotic" - important but not necessary so long as you were eating other fermentable fibers. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistant starch powder was mixed into food or drink. (facingourrisk.org)
  • The most interesting is type 3 resistant starch due to its high fermentative or prebiotic properties. (botanical-online.com)
  • Due to its structure, resistant starch has been proven to have a high fermentative power and is therefore a fiber with great prebiotic potential. (botanical-online.com)
  • The process is simply to refrigerate the cooked food so that its starches crystallize and become prebiotic fiber . (botanical-online.com)
  • The purpose of making resistant starch is to improve starch digestion, decrease its glycemic index and obtain prebiotic fiber (good for the intestines and better tolerable for people with diabetes. (botanical-online.com)
  • While technically true, we're fast learning that resistant starch may be a special type of prebiotic with a special place in the human diet. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • After searching 6 electronic databases, 33 papers (28 studies) were included for the RDS versus SDS comparison, and for total starch, 23 papers (22 studies) were included. (glycemicindex.com)
  • There was no association with total starch consumption and tooth decay. (glycemicindex.com)
  • However, total starch increased risk of dental caries when it was combined with sugars. (glycemicindex.com)
  • Only one included study investigated the association between total starch consumption and oral cancer, and it found no association. (glycemicindex.com)
  • The overall conclusions were that RDS intake, but not total starch intake, is associated with increased risk of dental caries. (glycemicindex.com)
  • They were instructed to drink 20 grams of the starch mixed with 300 mL water (1 ¼ cups) before meals twice a day for 4 months. (eurekalert.org)
  • For comparison, one cup of green peas has about four grams of resistant starch. (facingourrisk.org)
  • In industry, starch is often converted into sugars, for example by malting. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, sugars produced from processed starch are used in many processed foods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with strenuous exercise or weight loss treatment, adding resistant starch to a normal and balanced diet is much easier for people to follow through," Li says. (eurekalert.org)
  • Most high-fiber, vegetable-based diets will be rich in resistant starches, but some extra care is needed to get them into your diet. (livescience.com)
  • National Starch has launched a new ingredient for spreadable processed cheese (SPC) that promises to replace expensive protein and fat without compromising texture or flavour. (foodnavigator.com)
  • In the Gli/GT-MPS composites, we studied the structural dynamics of proteins and starch, protein-starch interactions, protein properties, and composite morphology in relation to mechanical and barrier properties. (lu.se)
  • The higher temperature (130 °C) induced a higher degree of protein cross-links, an increase in the polymer size, and formation of β-sheets compared to 110 °C. The combination of plasticizers (glycerol and water) favored a micro-structural morphology with improved gelatinization of starch, processability, as well as strength, stiffness, and extensibility of GT-MPS composites. (lu.se)
  • The effect of protein hydrolysates on starch digestibility has been observed in other heat treatments but has yet to be extensively researched under extrusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arrowroot Starch is a grain-free ingredient perfect for gluten free baking and for thickening sauces. (bobsredmill.com)
  • However, for baked goods, you may need to increase the amount of tapioca starch by 25-50% and adjust the amounts of other dry ingredients in your recipe accordingly. (healthline.com)
  • Tapioca starch works well as a thickener. (healthline.com)
  • Area and personal breathing zone samples for propylene- oxide (75569) were collected in the starch processing areas and registered as much as 2400 parts per million (ppm) in a 55 minute sampling period due to a fracture in a glycerol seal on the reactor vessel. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistant starch has properties of both soluble and insoluble fiber, said Janine Higgins, lead author on the review paper and associate professor of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. (livescience.com)
  • Foods formulated with resistant starch are effective at lowering the glycemic index of the food despite formulation with high GI ingredients, says a new study. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Following you can see a summary of the main advantages of preparing foods with resistant starches . (botanical-online.com)
  • These results enhanced comprehension of how PRHs regulate starch digestibility under extrusion, and offer direction for producing slow-digesting foods . (bvsalud.org)
  • Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight. (wikipedia.org)
  • Officially , resistant starch is "the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Most starch is broken down in the small intestine into sugar, which the body uses for energy. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Resistant starch is a type of starch that cannot be broken down in the small intestine. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Resistant starch is a type of fiber that is obtained from the gelatinization and crystallization of starch from food, that is, by cooking and cooling them . (botanical-online.com)
  • In addition to starchy plants consumed directly, by 2008 66 million tonnes of starch were being produced per year worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principal non-food, industrial use of starch is as an adhesive in the papermaking process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liquid starch is an adhesive used primarily on fabric during ironing, but it can also be used for paper mache. (ehow.com)
  • Liquid starch is a concentrated adhesive that does not need the addition of anything else to work as a paste for paper mache. (ehow.com)
  • In 2017 EU production was 11 million ton of which 9,4 million ton was consumed in the EU and of which 54% were starch sweeteners. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the team transplanted fecal microbiota from resistant starch-treatment patients to mice fed with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet, the mice saw a significant reduction in liver weight and liver triglyceride levels and improved liver tissue grading compared with mice that received microbiota from the control group. (eurekalert.org)
  • National Starch Food Innovation has extended its Novation range of functional native starches with the launch of two new products that are instant, clean-label and said to stand up to the stresses of intense formulation processes. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Extrusion caused an increase of 6.8 %-10.8 % in the relative crystallinity of ERS-RPH compared to extruded starch alone. (bvsalud.org)
  • National Starch continues to innovate along clean label lines, with the launch of new pulping agents at FIE for cost savings in pasta sauces or fillings. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Mixing most starches in warm water produces a paste, such as wheatpaste, which can be used as a thickening, stiffening or gluing agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • A similar paste, clothing starch, can be applied to certain textile goods before ironing to stiffen them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liquid starch is thinner than most other kinds of paste used for paper mache, so the paper absorbs it very quickly. (ehow.com)
  • Green algae and land-plants store their starch in the plastids, while red algae, glaucophytes, cryptomonads, dinoflagellates and the parasitic apicomplexa store a similar type of polysaccharide called floridean starch in their cytosol or periplast. (wikipedia.org)
  • So, Li and her team wanted to investigate if resistant starch-a type of fiber known to encourage the growth of beneficial gut bacteria-can help treat NAFLD. (eurekalert.org)
  • It turned out that the "carbs" in the article were resistant starch, a type of carbohydrate that our digestive enzymes cannot break down. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Our data would suggest that resistant starch most likely has a type 2 cross-feeding pattern. (nutraingredients.com)
  • We sell 7889 lb radial dynamic load capacity: discount Modified starch Production line online as Massalfa Microwave well as Felt seal type: cheap machinery parts. (massalfa.org)
  • This study looked at whether a type of nutrient known as resistant starch could lower the risk of cancers in people with Lynch Syndrome. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Gum Arabic is still the best option for stabilising beverage emulsions, when compared with modified starches, according to a comprehensive new study. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Iodine is then measured colorimetrically when a blue color forms from the production of a starch-iodine complex. (cdc.gov)
  • We offer many wholesome ingredients that are favored by folks who follow a paleo, primal or other grain-free diet, including nuts flours, starches, whole nuts, and seeds. (bobsredmill.com)
  • It is also important to cool the food in refrigeration , since the crystallization of the starch occurs at temperatures of less than 5ºC, at least about 4 hours. (botanical-online.com)
  • RPHs with higher hydrolysis exhibited greater inhibition of starch digestibility, limiting the swelling power of starch and the leaching of amylose , thereby improving the thermal stability of starch . (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers found that resistant starch can reduce the risk of non-colorectal cancers but not colorectal cancer. (facingourrisk.org)
  • Objectives: A starch- and sucrose-reduced diet has been found to improve gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, as well as reduce weight and improve psychological well-being. (lu.se)
  • Now, a 4-month randomized controlled trial in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) indicates that daily intake of resistant starch can alter gut bacteria composition and lower liver triglycerides and liver enzymes associated with liver injury and inflammation. (eurekalert.org)