The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.
Physiological processes and properties of the DENTITION.
Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and DENTITION as a whole or of any of its parts.
Physiology of the human and animal body, male or female, in the processes and characteristics of REPRODUCTION and the URINARY TRACT.
Properties, and processes of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM and the NERVOUS SYSTEM or their parts.
Functional processes and properties characteristic of the BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
The properties and relationships and biological processes that characterize the nature and function of the SKIN and its appendages.
Nutritional physiology related to EXERCISE or ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE.
Physiological processes, factors, properties and characteristics pertaining to REPRODUCTION.
The functions and properties of living organisms, including both the physical and chemical factors and processes, supporting life in single- or multi-cell organisms from their origin through the progression of life.
Nutritional physiology of adults aged 65 years of age and older.
Properties, functions, and processes of the URINARY TRACT as a whole or of any of its parts.
The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
Processes and properties of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.
Biological properties, processes, and activities of VIRUSES.
Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.
Physiological processes and properties of the BLOOD.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
Nutritional physiology of children aged 13-18 years.
Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.
Characteristic properties and processes of the NERVOUS SYSTEM as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Cellular processes, properties, and characteristics.
Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.
Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.
Uptake of substances through the SKIN.
Processes and properties of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Coloration of the skin.
Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.
Nutritional physiology of children aged 2-12 years.
The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD.
Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age.
Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin. It often consists of an outer (epidermal) layer of silicone and an inner (dermal) layer of collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate. The dermal layer elicits new growth and vascular invasion and the outer layer is later removed and replaced by a graft.
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.
A skin ulcer is a breakdown of the skin's surface and underlying tissues, often caused by prolonged pressure, infection, or poor circulation, leading to a loss of continuity in the epidermis and dermis, potentially extending into deeper layers such as subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone.
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.
Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. By stimulating the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in these pigmented cells, they increase coloration of skin and other tissue. MSHs, derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), are produced by MELANOTROPHS in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY; CORTICOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY, and the hypothalamic neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A long flat muscle that extends along the whole length of both sides of the abdomen. It flexes the vertebral column, particularly the lumbar portion; it also tenses the anterior abdominal wall and assists in compressing the abdominal contents. It is frequently the site of hematomas. In reconstructive surgery it is often used for the creation of myocutaneous flaps. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p491)
The pit in the center of the ABDOMINAL WALL marking the point where the UMBILICAL CORD entered in the FETUS.
The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored MELANIN is a by-product of dopamine synthesis.
Congenital malformation characterized by MICROGNATHIA or RETROGNATHIA; GLOSSOPTOSIS and CLEFT PALATE. The mandibular abnormalities often result in difficulties in sucking and swallowing. The syndrome may be isolated or associated with other syndromes (e.g., ANDERSEN SYNDROME; CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA). Developmental mis-expression of SOX9 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR gene on chromosome 17q and its surrounding region is associated with the syndrome.

Temperature regulation and heat dissipation during flight in birds. (1/1118)

Core and skin temperature were measured by radiotelemetry in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during 30 min flights in a wind tunnel. Core temperature was independent of ambient temperature from 0 to 28 degrees C. The temporal mean of the monitored core temperature during flight was 42-7 degrees C in one bird and 44-0 degrees C in another. These temperatures are 2-4 degrees C higher than the resting temperature in starlings, and are among the highest steady-state temperatures observed in any animal. Skin temperature on the breast was within a few degrees of core temperature. In some locations skin temperature was higher at low ambient temperatures than at intermediate ambient temperatures. An analysis of the data shows that a high core temperature does not function as an aid to head dissipation. On the contrary, insulation is adjusted to maintain a high temperature, presumably because it is necessary for flight. The increase in skin temperature at low ambient temperatures is believed to be a result of a decrease in heat flow through the breast feathers brought about by feather adjustments, to compensate for an unavoidable increase in heat flow in unfeathered or poorly feathered parts of the body.  (+info)

Topical gene delivery to murine skin. (2/1118)

We topically applied naked plasmid DNA containing the luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cDNA directly to mouse skin. Gene expression was detected in skin samples as early as 4 h after DNA application, plateaued from 16 to 72 h post-application, and had decreased significantly by 7 d post-application. Reporter gene activity following topical DNA delivery was comparable with that produced by intradermal injection of DNA. Plasmid DNA at concentrations > or =0.25 microg per microl were required to achieve maximal expression levels. Reporter gene expression following topical administration was largely confined to the superficial layers of the epidermis and to hair follicles. Surprisingly, certain cationic liposomes inhibited the efficiency of cutaneous gene transfer. This technique provides a simple, clinically relevant approach to deliver genes to the skin, with potential application in treating a variety of cutaneous disorders.  (+info)

UVA exposure of human skin reconstructed in vitro induces apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts: subsequent connective tissue repair and implications in photoaging. (3/1118)

The skin reconstructed in vitro has been previously shown to be a useful model to investigate the effects of UVB exposure (Bernerd and Asselineau, 1997). The present study describes the response to UVA irradiation. Major alterations were observed within the dermal compartment. Apoptosis of fibroblasts located in the superficial area of the dermal equivalent was observed as soon as 6 h after irradiation, leading to their disappearance after 48 h. This effect was obtained without major alterations of epidermal keratinocytes suggesting a differential cell type sensitivity to UVA radiations. In addition, collagenase I was secreted by dermal fibroblasts. The UVA dermal effects could be observed even after removal of the epidermis during the post irradiation period, demonstrating that they were independent of the keratinocyte response. The analysis of the tissue regeneration during the following 2 weeks revealed a connective tissue repair via fibroblasts proliferation, migration and active synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and procollagen I. This cellular recolonization of the superficial part of the dermal equivalent was due to activation of surviving fibroblasts located deeply in the dermal equivalent. The direct damage in the dermis and the subsequent connective tissue repair may contribute to the formation of UVA-induced dermal alterations.  (+info)

Time-dependent ultrastructural changes to porcine stratum corneum following an electric pulse. (4/1118)

The morphological changes to heat-stripped porcine stratum corneum following an electroporating pulse were studied by time-resolved freeze fracture electron microscopy. Pulses at a supra-electroporation threshold of 80 volts and 300 microseconds were applied across the stratum corneum with a pair of copper plate electrodes, which also served as cooling contacts. Multilamellar vesicles of 0.1-5.5 mm in diameter in the intercellular lipid bilayers of the stratum corneum appeared in less than milliseconds after pulsing. Pulsed samples exhibited aggregations of vesicles, whereas only occasional single vesicles were seen in the unpulsed samples. Aggregates form in less than a millisecond and disappear within minutes after the pulse. Their size ranged from 0.3 to 700 mm2. The size of individual vesicles, aggregate density, and size were analyzed as functions of postpulse time. These aggregate formations seem to be a secondary reaction to the pulse-induced skin permeabilization, determined by the resistance drop and recovery after the pulse. Heating the samples to 65 degrees C also caused vesicle aggregates of similar appearance to form, suggesting that these aggregations are related to the heating effect of the pulse. Hydration is thought to play an important role in aggregate formation.  (+info)

Keratinocyte growth regulation in fibroblast cocultures via a double paracrine mechanism. (5/1118)

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play an important role in regulating tissue homeostasis and repair. For skin, the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal-dermal interactions were studied in cocultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NEK) and dermal fibroblasts (HDF) rendered postmitotic by alpha-irradiation (HDFi). The expression kinetics of different cytokines and their receptors with presumed signalling function in skin were determined at the RNA and protein level in mono- and cocultured NEK and HDFi. In cocultured HDFi, mRNA and protein synthesis of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) (FGF-7) was strongly enhanced, whereas in cocultured keratinocytes interleukin (IL)-1alpha and -1beta mRNA expression increased compared to monocultures. Thus we postulated that IL-1, which had no effect on keratinocyte proliferation, induced in fibroblasts the expression of factors stimulating keratinocyte proliferation, such as KGF. The functional significance of this reciprocal modulation was substantiated by blocking experiments. Both IL-1alpha and -1beta-neutralizing antibodies and IL-1 receptor antagonist significantly reduced keratinocyte proliferation supposedly through abrogation of KGF production, because IL-1 antibodies blocked the induced KGF production. These data indicate a regulation of keratinocyte growth by a double paracrine mechanism through release of IL-1 which induces KGF in cocultured fibroblasts. Thus IL-1, in addition to its proinflammatory function in skin, may play an essential role in regulating tissue homeostasis.  (+info)

Injection of pre-psoriatic skin with CD4+ T cells induces psoriasis. (6/1118)

Psoriasis is an immunologically mediated skin disease linked to several different class I major histocompatibility complex alleles. However, the phenotype of the pathogenic lymphocyte and nature of the T cell activating event which triggers conversion of symptomless (PN) skin into psoriatic plaques (PP skin) is unknown. This study extends our previous observations in which autologous blood-derived immunocytes were injected into PN skin engrafted onto SCID mice to produce full-fledged PP lesions. The first question addressed is whether injected CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells were responsible for phenotypic conversion of PN to PP skin. In five different patients only CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell lines produced psoriatic lesions. Next, immunological events occurring within PN skin following injection of CD4+ T cells in grafts that had sufficient tissue available for detailed analysis was examined. In two patients, intraepidermal resident CD8+ T cells were induced to proliferate during lesion development, expressing acute activation markers CD25 and CD69. In another patient, injection of CD4+ T cells revealed CD69 expression by intraepidermal CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. To explore the molecular basis for local T cell activation and proliferation, we discovered that intraepidermal immunocytes, including both CD4 and CD8+ T cells, expressed surface receptors (ie, CD94, CD158a, CD158b) typically confined to natural killer cells (ie, natural killer receptors; NKRs) accumulated immediately before onset of acute lesions. The presence of NKR bearing immunocytes was also observed in 10 of 15 different biopsies of chronic plaques taken directly from patients, whereas PN skin (n = 8) or normal skin from healthy donors (n = 8), did not contain such NKR positive immunocytes. Of particular relevance to psoriasis is that these NKRs recognize various class I alleles including those typically inherited by psoriatic family members such as HLA-C and HLA-B allotypes. We conclude that injection of CD4+ T cells into PN skin triggers a series of local immunologically mediated stimulatory events that produce further T cell activation and appearance of both CD4 and CD8+ T cells that express NKRs.  (+info)

Local and systemic delivery of a stable aspirin-triggered lipoxin prevents neutrophil recruitment in vivo. (7/1118)

Aspirin (ASA) triggers a switch in the biosynthesis of lipid mediators, inhibiting prostanoid production and initiating 15-epi-lipoxin generation through the acetylation of cyclooxygenase II. These aspirin-triggered lipoxins (ATL) may mediate some of ASA's beneficial actions and therefore are of interest in the search for novel antiinflammatories that could manifest fewer unwanted side effects. Here, we report that design modifications to native ATL structure prolong its biostability in vivo. In mouse whole blood, ATL analogs protected at carbon 15 [15(R/S)-methyl-lipoxin A4 (ATLa1)] and the omega end [15-epi-16-(para-fluoro)-phenoxy-LXA4 (ATLa2)] were recoverable to approximately 90 and 100% at 3 hr, respectively, compared with a approximately 40% loss of native lipoxin A4. ATLa2 retains bioactivity and, at levels as low as approximately 24 nmol/mouse, potently inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced leukocyte recruitment into the dorsal air pouch. Inhibition was evident by either local intra-air pouch delivery (approximately 77% inhibition) or systemic delivery by intravenous injection (approximately 85% inhibition) and proved more potent than local delivery of ASA. Rank order for inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration was: ATLa2 (10 micrograms, i.v.) approximately ATLa2 (10 micrograms, local) approximately dexamethasone (10 micrograms, local) >ASA (1.0 mg, local). Applied topically to mouse ear skin, ATLa2 also inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration induced by leukotriene B4 (approximately 78% inhibition) or phorbol ester (approximately 49% inhibition), which initiates endogenous chemokine production. These results indicate that this fluorinated analog of natural aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 is bioavailable by either local or systemic delivery routes and is a more potent and precise inhibitor of neutrophil accumulation than is ASA.  (+info)

Histamine response and local cooling in the human skin: involvement of H1- and H2-receptors. (8/1118)

AIMS: Histamine may contribute locally to cutaneous blood flow control under normal and pathologic conditions. The objective of this study was to observe the influence of skin temperature on histamine vasodilation, and the roles of H1-and H2-receptors using novel noninvasive methods. METHODS: Eleven healthy subjects received, double-blind, single doses of the H1-receptor antagonist cetirizine (10 mg), cetirizine (10 mg) plus the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (400 mg), or placebo on separate occasions. Histamine was dosed cumulatively by iontophoresis to the forearm skin at 34 degrees C and 14 degrees C. Laser-Doppler flux (LDF) was measured at the same sites using customised probeholder/iontophoretic chambers with Peltier cooling elements. Finger mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured and cutaneous vascular conductance calculated as LDF/MAP. RESULTS: Histamine vasodilation was reduced in cold skin. Cetirizine shifted the histamine dose-response at both temperatures: statistically significantly at 14 degrees C only. Combined H1- and H2-receptor antagonism shifted the response significantly at both temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: H1- and H2-receptors mediate histamine-induced skin vasodilation. The sensitivity of these receptors, particularly the H1- receptor, is attenuated at low skin temperature. Whether the reduced effect in cold skin represents specific receptor or postreceptor desensitization, or nonspecific attenuation of cutaneous vasodilation remains to be elucidated.  (+info)

"Skin physiological phenomena" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some information about the general concepts that might be encompassed by this term.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in living organisms. When it comes to the skin, there are many different physiological phenomena that take place, including:

1. Barrier function: The skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from external elements such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and UV radiation.
2. Temperature regulation: The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and blood flow.
3. Sensation: The skin contains nerve endings that allow us to feel touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
4. Vitamin D synthesis: The skin can produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
5. Moisture regulation: The skin helps maintain the body's moisture balance by producing sweat and preventing water loss.
6. Immunological function: The skin plays a role in the immune system by providing a physical barrier and containing immune cells that help fight off infections.
7. Excretion: The skin eliminates waste products through sweat.
8. Wound healing: The skin has the ability to repair itself after injury, through a complex process involving inflammation, tissue regeneration, and remodeling.

Therefore, "skin physiological phenomena" could refer to any or all of these functions and processes that take place in the skin.

Dental physiological phenomena refer to the various natural and normal functions, processes, and responses that occur in the oral cavity, particularly in the teeth and their supporting structures. These phenomena are essential for maintaining good oral health and overall well-being. Some of the key dental physiological phenomena include:

1. Tooth formation (odontogenesis): The process by which teeth develop from embryonic cells into fully formed adult teeth, including the growth and mineralization of tooth enamel, dentin, and cementum.
2. Eruption: The natural movement of a tooth from its developmental position within the jawbone to its final functional position in the oral cavity, allowing it to come into contact with the opposing tooth for biting and chewing.
3. Tooth mobility: The normal slight movement or displacement of teeth within their sockets due to the action of masticatory forces and the elasticity of the periodontal ligament that connects the tooth root to the alveolar bone.
4. Salivary flow: The continuous production and secretion of saliva by the major and minor salivary glands, which helps maintain a moist oral environment, neutralize acids, and aid in food digestion, speech, and swallowing.
5. pH balance: The regulation of acidity and alkalinity within the oral cavity, primarily through the buffering capacity of saliva and the action of dental plaque bacteria that metabolize sugars and produce acids as a byproduct.
6. Tooth sensitivity: The normal response of teeth to various stimuli such as temperature changes, touch, or pressure, which is mediated by the activation of nerve fibers within the dentin layer of the tooth.
7. Oral mucosal immune response: The natural defense mechanisms of the oral mucosa, including the production of antimicrobial proteins and peptides, the recruitment of immune cells, and the formation of a physical barrier against pathogens.
8. Tooth wear and attrition: The normal gradual loss of tooth structure due to natural processes such as chewing, grinding, and erosion by acidic substances, which can be influenced by factors such as diet, occlusion, and bruxism.
9. Tooth development and eruption: The growth and emergence of teeth from the dental follicle through the alveolar bone and gingival tissues, which is regulated by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

The digestive system is a series of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair. The process begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down carbohydrates.

The oral physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in the mouth during eating and digestion. These include:

1. Ingestion: The process of taking food into the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces by chewing, which increases the surface area for enzymes to act on.
3. Chemical digestion: The chemical breakdown of food molecules into simpler substances that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. In the mouth, this is initiated by salivary amylase, an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starches into simple sugars.
4. Taste perception: The ability to detect different flavors through specialized taste buds located on the tongue and other areas of the oral cavity.
5. Olfaction: The sense of smell, which contributes to the overall flavor experience by interacting with taste perception in the brain.
6. Salivation: The production of saliva, which helps moisten food, making it easier to swallow, and contains enzymes that begin the digestion process.
7. Protective mechanisms: The mouth has several defense mechanisms to protect against harmful bacteria and other pathogens, such as the flow of saliva, which helps wash away food particles, and the presence of antibacterial compounds in saliva.

Reproductive physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes related to human reproduction, which include:

1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis: The regulation of reproductive hormones through a feedback mechanism between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males).
2. Oogenesis/Spermatogenesis: The process of producing mature ova (eggs) or spermatozoa (sperm) capable of fertilization.
3. Menstrual Cycle: A series of events that occur in the female reproductive system over approximately 28 days, including follicular development, ovulation, and endometrial changes.
4. Pregnancy and Parturition: The process of carrying a developing fetus to term and giving birth.
5. Lactation: The production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands for nourishment of the newborn.

Urinary physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes related to the urinary system, which include:

1. Renal Filtration: The process of filtering blood in the kidneys to form urine.
2. Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion: The active transport of solutes and water between the tubular lumen and peritubular capillaries, resulting in the formation of urine with a different composition than plasma.
3. Urine Concentration and Dilution: The ability to regulate the concentration of urine by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed or excreted.
4. Micturition: The process of storing and intermittently releasing urine from the bladder through a coordinated contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena refer to the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes and functions that occur within the musculoskeletal system. This system includes the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilages, and other tissues that provide support, shape, and movement to the body. Examples of musculoskeletal physiological phenomena include muscle contraction and relaxation, bone growth and remodeling, joint range of motion, and the maintenance and repair of connective tissues.

Neural physiological phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the electrical and chemical processes and functions that occur within the nervous system. This system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia that are responsible for processing information, controlling body movements, and maintaining homeostasis. Examples of neural physiological phenomena include action potential generation and propagation, neurotransmitter release and reception, sensory perception, and cognitive processes such as learning and memory.

Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena are closely interrelated, as the nervous system controls the musculoskeletal system through motor neurons that innervate muscles, and sensory neurons that provide feedback to the brain about body position, movement, and pain. Understanding these physiological phenomena is essential for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions that affect the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

Circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the functions, processes, and mechanisms that occur in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to maintain homeostasis and support life.

The circulatory system, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. The respiratory system, which consists of the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm, enables the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

Physiological phenomena in the circulatory system include heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood flow, and vascular resistance. These phenomena are regulated by various factors such as the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and metabolic demands.

Physiological phenomena in the respiratory system include ventilation, gas exchange, lung compliance, airway resistance, and respiratory muscle function. These phenomena are influenced by factors such as lung volume, airway diameter, surface area, and diffusion capacity.

Understanding circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena is essential for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and metabolic disorders. It also provides a foundation for developing interventions to improve health outcomes and prevent disease.

The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the human body, responsible for providing a protective barrier against the external environment. The physiological phenomena associated with the integumentary system encompass a range of functions and processes that occur within the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands. These phenomena include:

1. Barrier Function: The skin forms a physical barrier that protects the body from external threats such as pathogens, chemicals, and radiation. It also helps prevent water loss and regulates electrolyte balance.
2. Temperature Regulation: The integumentary system plays a crucial role in maintaining core body temperature through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin, as well as through sweat production by eccrine glands.
3. Sensory Perception: The skin contains various sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold. These receptors transmit information to the central nervous system for processing and response.
4. Vitamin D Synthesis: The skin is capable of synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. This process involves the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into previtamin D3, which then undergoes further transformation into vitamin D3.
5. Excretion: Sweat glands within the integumentary system help eliminate waste products and excess heat through the production and secretion of sweat. The two types of sweat glands are eccrine glands, which produce a watery, odorless sweat, and apocrine glands, which produce a milky, odorous sweat primarily in response to emotional stimuli.
6. Immunological Function: The skin serves as an essential component of the immune system by providing a physical barrier against pathogens and housing various immune cells such as Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and T-cells. These cells help recognize and respond to potential threats, contributing to the body's overall defense mechanisms.
7. Wound Healing: The integumentary system has the remarkable ability to repair itself following injury through a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This process involves the coordinated efforts of various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as the production and deposition of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin.
8. Growth and Development: The integumentary system plays a crucial role in growth and development by producing hormones such as vitamin D and melatonin, which contribute to various physiological processes throughout the body. Additionally, the skin serves as an essential sensory organ, providing information about temperature, touch, pain, and pressure through specialized nerve endings called mechanoreceptors.
9. Social Communication: The integumentary system can convey important social signals through changes in coloration, texture, and odor. For example, blushing or sweating may indicate embarrassment or anxiety, while certain skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema may signal underlying health issues. Additionally, the release of pheromones through sweat glands can influence social behavior and attraction.
10. Aesthetic Appeal: The integumentary system contributes significantly to an individual's appearance and self-esteem. Healthy skin, hair, and nails are often associated with youthfulness, attractiveness, and vitality, while skin conditions such as acne, wrinkles, or discoloration can negatively impact one's self-image and confidence. As a result, maintaining the health and appearance of the integumentary system is an essential aspect of overall well-being and quality of life.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. It seems to be a broad concept that combines elements from sports nutrition, physiology, and potentially some biochemical phenomena.

1. Sports Nutrition: This involves the study of how diet can impact physical performance during sporting activities. It includes understanding the role of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in athletic performance and recovery.

2. Physiological Phenomena: This refers to the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including all physical and chemical processes. In the context of sports, this could include how the body responds to exercise, such as increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and metabolism.

If you're looking for a definition that encompasses these areas, it might be something like: "The study of how nutritional intake and physiological responses interact during sporting activities, including the impact on performance, recovery, and overall health." However, this is not a standard medical definition. If you could provide more context or clarify what specific aspects you're interested in, I might be able to give a more precise answer.

Reproductive physiological phenomena refer to the various functional processes and changes that occur in the reproductive system, enabling the production, development, and reproduction of offspring in living organisms. These phenomena encompass a wide range of events, including:

1. Hormonal regulation: The release and circulation of hormones that control and coordinate reproductive functions, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and inhibin.
2. Ovarian and testicular function: The development and maturation of ova (eggs) in females and sperm in males, including folliculogenesis, ovulation, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.
3. Menstrual cycle: The series of events that occur in the female reproductive system over a 28-day period, consisting of the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase, resulting in the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
4. Fertilization: The process by which a sperm penetrates and fuses with an egg to form a zygote, initiating embryonic development.
5. Implantation: The attachment and embedding of the developing blastocyst (early-stage embryo) into the uterine lining, leading to pregnancy.
6. Pregnancy: The physiological state of carrying a developing offspring within the female reproductive system, characterized by hormonal changes, growth and development of the fetus, and preparation for childbirth.
7. Lactation: The production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands to provide nutrition for newborn offspring.
8. Menopause: The permanent cessation of menstrual cycles and reproductive function in females, typically occurring in the fourth or fifth decade of life, characterized by a decline in hormone production and various physical and emotional symptoms.

These reproductive physiological phenomena are complex and highly regulated processes that ensure the continuation of species and the maintenance of genetic diversity.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functional and mechanical activities that occur within a living organism or in any of its parts. These phenomena are associated with the normal functioning of the body and its organs, including biological processes such as digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, metabolism, and nerve impulse transmission. They can be studied at different levels, from molecular and cellular to organ system and whole-body levels, and are essential for maintaining homeostasis and promoting the survival and health of the organism.

I cannot provide a medical definition for the term "Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" as it is not a widely recognized or established term in the field of medicine or nutrition. It seems to be a very specific and narrow term that may refer to certain age-related changes in nutritional status and physiological functions among older adults. However, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or geriatric specialist for a more accurate and detailed explanation based on the context and specific phenomena being referred to.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. However, I can provide information about the physiology of the urinary tract, which may be what you are looking for.

The urinary tract is a system responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine from the body. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The physiological phenomena associated with the urinary tract include:

1. Glomerular filtration: In the kidneys, blood is filtered through structures called glomeruli, which remove waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream to form urine.
2. Tubular reabsorption: As urine moves through the tubules of the nephron in the kidney, essential substances like water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes are actively reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
3. Hormonal regulation: The urinary system plays a role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance through hormonal mechanisms, such as the release of erythropoietin (regulates red blood cell production), renin (activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance), and calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).
4. Urine storage: The bladder serves as a reservoir for urine, expanding as it fills and contracting during urination.
5. Micturition (urination): Once the bladder reaches a certain volume or pressure, nerve signals are sent to the brain, leading to the conscious decision to urinate. The sphincters of the urethra relax, allowing urine to flow out of the body through the urethral opening.

If you could provide more context about what specific information you're looking for, I would be happy to help further!

In medical terms, the skin is the largest organ of the human body. It consists of two main layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer), as well as accessory structures like hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands. The skin plays a crucial role in protecting us from external factors such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental hazards, while also regulating body temperature and enabling the sense of touch.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena refer to the various functions, processes, and responses that occur in the musculoskeletal system. This system includes the muscles, bones, joints, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues that work together to support the body's structure, enable movement, and protect vital organs.

Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena can be categorized into several areas:

1. Muscle contraction and relaxation: This involves the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments in muscle fibers, leading to muscle shortening or lengthening.
2. Bone homeostasis: This includes the maintenance of bone mass, density, and strength through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.
3. Joint movement and stability: The movement of joints is enabled by the interaction between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and articular cartilage, while stability is maintained through the passive tension provided by ligaments and the active contraction of muscles.
4. Connective tissue repair and regeneration: This involves the response of tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles to injury or damage, including inflammation, cell proliferation, and matrix remodeling.
5. Neuromuscular control: The coordination of muscle activity through the integration of sensory information from proprioceptors (e.g., muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs) and motor commands from the central nervous system.
6. Skeletal development and growth: This includes the processes of bone formation, mineralization, and modeling during fetal development and childhood, as well as the maintenance of bone mass and strength throughout adulthood.
7. Aging and degeneration: The progressive decline in musculoskeletal function and structure with age, including sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass), osteoporosis (brittle bones), and joint degeneration (osteoarthritis).

Understanding these physiological phenomena is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Virus Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term or concept. It seems to be a combination of two concepts: "virus" and "physiological phenomena."

1. A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can cause many different types of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious diseases like HIV/AIDS or hepatitis.

2. Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, including cells, tissues, and organs.

If you're looking for information about how viruses affect physiological processes in the body, I would be happy to help provide some general information on that topic! However, it would be best to consult a specific medical text or expert for more detailed or specialized knowledge.

The digestive system is a complex network of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which are then absorbed and utilized by the body for energy, growth, and cell repair. The physiological phenomena associated with the digestive system include:

1. Ingestion: This is the process of taking in food through the mouth.
2. Mechanical digestion: This involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces through processes such as chewing, churning, and segmentation.
3. Chemical digestion: This involves the chemical breakdown of food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the body. This is achieved through the action of enzymes produced by the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
4. Motility: This refers to the movement of food through the digestive tract, which is achieved through a series of coordinated muscle contractions called peristalsis.
5. Secretion: This involves the production and release of various digestive juices and enzymes by glands such as the salivary glands, gastric glands, pancreas, and liver.
6. Absorption: This is the process of absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
7. Defecation: This is the final process of eliminating undigested food and waste products from the body through the rectum and anus.

Overall, the coordinated functioning of these physiological phenomena ensures the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintaining the health and well-being of the individual.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

Skin aging, also known as cutaneous aging, is a complex and multifactorial process characterized by various visible changes in the skin's appearance and function. It can be divided into two main types: intrinsic (chronological or natural) aging and extrinsic (environmental) aging.

Intrinsic aging is a genetically determined and time-dependent process that results from internal factors such as cellular metabolism, hormonal changes, and genetic predisposition. The primary features of intrinsic aging include gradual thinning of the epidermis and dermis, decreased collagen and elastin production, reduced skin cell turnover, and impaired wound healing. Clinically, these changes present as fine wrinkles, dryness, loss of elasticity, and increased fragility of the skin.

Extrinsic aging, on the other hand, is caused by external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pollution, smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor nutrition. Exposure to these environmental elements leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage, which accelerate the aging process. The main features of extrinsic aging are coarse wrinkles, pigmentary changes (e.g., age spots, melasma), irregular texture, skin laxity, and increased risk of developing skin cancers.

It is important to note that intrinsic and extrinsic aging processes often interact and contribute to the overall appearance of aged skin. A comprehensive approach to skincare should address both types of aging to maintain healthy and youthful-looking skin.

"Blood physiological phenomena" is a broad term that refers to various functions, processes, and characteristics related to the blood in the body. Here are some definitions of specific blood-related physiological phenomena:

1. Hematopoiesis: The process of producing blood cells in the bone marrow. This includes the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), white blood cells (leukopoiesis), and platelets (thrombopoiesis).
2. Hemostasis: The body's response to stop bleeding or prevent excessive blood loss after injury. It involves a complex interplay between blood vessels, platelets, and clotting factors that work together to form a clot.
3. Osmoregulation: The regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the blood. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as thirst, urine concentration, and hormonal control.
4. Acid-base balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood. This involves the balance between acidic and basic components in the blood, which can be affected by factors such as respiration, metabolism, and kidney function.
5. Hemoglobin function: The ability of hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells to bind and transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
6. Blood viscosity: The thickness or flowability of blood, which can affect its ability to circulate through the body. Factors that can influence blood viscosity include hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in the blood), plasma proteins, and temperature.
7. Immunological function: The role of white blood cells and other components of the immune system in protecting the body against infection and disease. This includes the production of antibodies, phagocytosis (the engulfing and destruction of foreign particles), and inflammation.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

I cannot provide a specific medical definition for the term "Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" as it is quite broad and can encompass various aspects related to nutrition and physiological changes that occur during adolescence. However, I can provide some insight into the nutritional and physiological changes that typically occur during adolescence.

Adolescence is a critical period of growth and development, and proper nutrition is essential to support these changes. During this time, adolescents experience significant increases in height, weight, and muscle mass, as well as sexual maturation and reproductive development. As a result, their nutrient needs are higher than those of children or adults.

Some key nutritional physiological phenomena that occur during adolescence include:

1. Increased energy needs: Adolescents require more calories to support their rapid growth and development. The estimated daily calorie needs for boys aged 14-18 years are 2,500-3,000 calories, while for girls aged 14-18 years, the estimated daily calorie needs are 2,200-2,400 calories.
2. Increased protein needs: Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues, including muscle mass. Adolescents require more protein to support their growth and development, with an estimated daily need of 46 grams for girls aged 14-18 years and 52 grams for boys aged 14-18 years.
3. Increased calcium needs: Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. Adolescents undergo significant bone growth during this time, making it crucial to meet their increased calcium needs. The recommended daily intake of calcium for adolescents is 1,300 milligrams.
4. Increased iron needs: Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells and the transport of oxygen throughout the body. Adolescent girls, in particular, have increased iron needs due to menstruation. The recommended daily intake of iron for adolescents is 8 mg for boys aged 14-18 years and 15 mg for girls aged 14-18 years.
5. Increased nutrient needs: Adolescents require a variety of vitamins and minerals to support their growth and development, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and magnesium. A balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products can help meet these needs.

In summary, adolescents have increased nutrient needs to support their growth and development. Meeting these needs requires a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups. It is essential to ensure adequate intake of protein, calcium, iron, and other vitamins and minerals during this critical period of growth and development.

"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:

1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.

These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.

'Nervous system physiological phenomena' refer to the functions, activities, and processes that occur within the nervous system in a healthy or normal state. This includes:

1. Neuronal Activity: The transmission of electrical signals (action potentials) along neurons, which allows for communication between different cells and parts of the nervous system.

2. Neurotransmission: The release and binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on neighboring cells, enabling the transfer of information across the synapse or junction between two neurons.

3. Sensory Processing: The conversion of external stimuli into electrical signals by sensory receptors, followed by the transmission and interpretation of these signals within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

4. Motor Function: The generation and execution of motor commands, allowing for voluntary movement and control of muscles and glands.

5. Autonomic Function: The regulation of internal organs and glands through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, maintaining homeostasis within the body.

6. Cognitive Processes: Higher brain functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, learning, and emotion, which are supported by complex neural networks and interactions.

7. Sleep-Wake Cycle: The regulation of sleep and wakefulness through interactions between the brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain, ensuring proper rest and recovery.

8. Development and Plasticity: The growth, maturation, and adaptation of the nervous system throughout life, including processes such as neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and neural plasticity.

9. Endocrine Regulation: The interaction between the nervous system and endocrine system, with the hypothalamus playing a key role in controlling hormone release and maintaining homeostasis.

10. Immune Function: The communication between the nervous system and immune system, allowing for the coordination of responses to infection, injury, or stress.

Cell physiological phenomena refer to the functional activities and processes that occur within individual cells, which are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and normal physiology. These phenomena include various dynamic and interrelated processes such as:

1. Cell membrane transport: The movement of ions, molecules, and nutrients across the cell membrane through various mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis.
2. Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life, including catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) processes for energy production, biosynthesis, and waste elimination.
3. Signal transduction: The process by which cells receive, transmit, and respond to external or internal signals through complex signaling cascades involving various second messengers, enzymes, and transcription factors.
4. Gene expression: The conversion of genetic information encoded in DNA into functional proteins and RNA molecules, including transcription, RNA processing, translation, and post-translational modifications.
5. Cell cycle regulation: The intricate mechanisms that control the progression of cells through various stages of the cell cycle (G0, G1, S, G2, M) to ensure proper cell division and prevent uncontrolled growth or cancer development.
6. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, a physiological process by which damaged, infected, or unwanted cells are eliminated in a controlled manner without causing inflammation or harm to surrounding tissues.
7. Cell motility: The ability of cells to move and change their position within tissues, which is critical for various biological processes like embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses.
8. Cytoskeleton dynamics: The dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) that provides structural support, enables cell shape changes, and facilitates intracellular transport and organelle positioning.
9. Ion homeostasis: The regulation of ion concentrations within cells to maintain proper membrane potentials and ensure normal physiological functions like neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and enzyme activity.
10. Cell-cell communication: The exchange of signals between neighboring or distant cells through various mechanisms like gap junctions, synapses, and paracrine/autocrine signaling to coordinate cellular responses and maintain tissue homeostasis.

Respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the various mechanical, chemical, and biological processes and functions that occur in the respiratory system during breathing and gas exchange. These phenomena include:

1. Ventilation: The movement of air into and out of the lungs, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
2. Gas Exchange: The diffusion of oxygen (O2) from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
3. Respiratory Mechanics: The physical properties and forces that affect the movement of air in and out of the lungs, such as lung compliance, airway resistance, and chest wall elasticity.
4. Control of Breathing: The regulation of ventilation by the central nervous system through the integration of sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the respiratory system.
5. Acid-Base Balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood through the regulation of CO2 elimination and bicarbonate balance by the respiratory and renal systems.
6. Oxygen Transport: The binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and its delivery to the tissues for metabolic processes.
7. Defense Mechanisms: The various protective mechanisms that prevent the entry and colonization of pathogens and foreign particles into the respiratory system, such as mucociliary clearance, cough reflex, and immune responses.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard or widely recognized medical term. It seems to be a rather broad and vague phrase that combines several concepts: prenatal (occurring before birth), nutritional (relating to nutrition), physiological (relating to the functioning of living organisms and their parts), and phenomena (observable events or occurrences).

If you're interested in a specific aspect of maternal and fetal nutrition, physiology, or related processes during pregnancy, I would be happy to help further if you could provide a more precise term or question. For example, prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena could refer to the process of how certain nutrients are transported across the placenta, how maternal nutrition affects fetal growth and development, or how various hormonal and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard medical term. It falls more within the domain of botany, which is a branch of biology focused on the study of plants.

However, I can provide a general explanation: Plant physiological phenomena refer to the functional processes and activities that occur within plants. This includes various aspects such as photosynthesis (the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth), respiration, plant nutrition (the uptake and assimilation of nutrients from the soil), water relations (how plants absorb, transport, and use water), plant hormone functions, and many other processes.

If you have a term that is used in a medical context which you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with that!

Skin tests are medical diagnostic procedures that involve the application of a small amount of a substance to the skin, usually through a scratch, prick, or injection, to determine if the body has an allergic reaction to it. The most common type of skin test is the patch test, which involves applying a patch containing a small amount of the suspected allergen to the skin and observing the area for signs of a reaction, such as redness, swelling, or itching, over a period of several days. Another type of skin test is the intradermal test, in which a small amount of the substance is injected just beneath the surface of the skin. Skin tests are used to help diagnose allergies, including those to pollen, mold, pets, and foods, as well as to identify sensitivities to medications, chemicals, and other substances.

Bacterial physiological phenomena refer to the various functional processes and activities that occur within bacteria, which are necessary for their survival, growth, and reproduction. These phenomena include:

1. Metabolism: This is the process by which bacteria convert nutrients into energy and cellular components. It involves a series of chemical reactions that break down organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Respiration: This is the process by which bacteria use oxygen to convert organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Some bacteria can also perform anaerobic respiration, using alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate or sulfate instead of oxygen.
3. Fermentation: This is a type of anaerobic metabolism in which bacteria convert organic compounds into simpler molecules, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Unlike respiration, fermentation does not require an external electron acceptor.
4. Motility: Many bacteria are capable of moving independently, using various mechanisms such as flagella or twitching motility. This allows them to move towards favorable environments and away from harmful ones.
5. Chemotaxis: Bacteria can sense and respond to chemical gradients in their environment, allowing them to move towards attractants and away from repellents.
6. Quorum sensing: Bacteria can communicate with each other using signaling molecules called autoinducers. When the concentration of autoinducers reaches a certain threshold, the bacteria can coordinate their behavior, such as initiating biofilm formation or producing virulence factors.
7. Sporulation: Some bacteria can form spores, which are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals. Spores can remain dormant for long periods of time and germinate when conditions are favorable.
8. Biofilm formation: Bacteria can form complex communities called biofilms, which are composed of cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms can provide protection from environmental stressors and host immune responses.
9. Cell division: Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process is regulated by various cell cycle checkpoints and can be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrient availability.

Skin absorption, also known as percutaneous absorption, refers to the process by which substances are taken up by the skin and pass into the systemic circulation. This occurs when a substance is applied topically to the skin and penetrates through the various layers of the epidermis and dermis until it reaches the capillaries, where it can be transported to other parts of the body.

The rate and extent of skin absorption depend on several factors, including the physicochemical properties of the substance (such as its molecular weight, lipophilicity, and charge), the concentration and formulation of the product, the site of application, and the integrity and condition of the skin.

Skin absorption is an important route of exposure for many chemicals, drugs, and cosmetic ingredients, and it can have both therapeutic and toxicological consequences. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and factors that influence skin absorption is crucial for assessing the safety and efficacy of topical products and for developing strategies to enhance or reduce their absorption as needed.

Cardiovascular physiological phenomena refer to the various functions and processes that occur within the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels. These phenomena are responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and other essential molecules to tissues throughout the body, as well as the removal of waste products and carbon dioxide.

Some examples of cardiovascular physiological phenomena include:

1. Heart rate and rhythm: The heart's ability to contract regularly and coordinate its contractions with the body's needs for oxygen and nutrients.
2. Blood pressure: The force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels, which is determined by the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the resistance of the blood vessels.
3. Cardiac output: The volume of blood that the heart pumps in one minute, calculated as the product of stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped per beat) and heart rate.
4. Blood flow: The movement of blood through the circulatory system, which is influenced by factors such as blood pressure, vessel diameter, and blood viscosity.
5. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation: The narrowing or widening of blood vessels in response to various stimuli, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and changes in temperature or oxygen levels.
6. Autoregulation: The ability of blood vessels to maintain a constant blood flow to tissues despite changes in perfusion pressure.
7. Blood clotting: The process by which the body forms a clot to stop bleeding after an injury, which involves the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade.
8. Endothelial function: The ability of the endothelium (the lining of blood vessels) to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, and thrombosis.
9. Myocardial contractility: The strength of heart muscle contractions, which is influenced by factors such as calcium levels, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
10. Electrophysiology: The study of the electrical properties of the heart, including the conduction system that allows for the coordinated contraction of heart muscle.

Skin pigmentation is the coloration of the skin that is primarily determined by two types of melanin pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin. These pigments are produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells located in the epidermis. Eumelanin is responsible for brown or black coloration, while pheomelanin produces a red or yellow hue.

The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin can vary depending on genetic factors, age, sun exposure, and various other influences. Increased production of melanin in response to UV radiation from the sun helps protect the skin from damage, leading to darkening or tanning of the skin. However, excessive sun exposure can also cause irregular pigmentation, such as sunspots or freckles.

Abnormalities in skin pigmentation can result from various medical conditions, including albinism (lack of melanin production), vitiligo (loss of melanocytes leading to white patches), and melasma (excessive pigmentation often caused by hormonal changes). These conditions may require medical treatment to manage or improve the pigmentation issues.

Maternal nutritional physiological phenomena refer to the various changes and processes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy, lactation, and postpartum periods to meet the increased nutritional demands and support the growth and development of the fetus or infant. These phenomena involve complex interactions between maternal nutrition, hormonal regulation, metabolism, and physiological functions to ensure optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health.

Examples of maternal nutritional physiological phenomena include:

1. Adaptations in maternal nutrient metabolism: During pregnancy, the mother's body undergoes various adaptations to increase the availability of essential nutrients for fetal growth and development. For instance, there are increased absorption and utilization of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, as well as enhanced storage of glycogen and lipids in maternal tissues.
2. Placental transfer of nutrients: The placenta plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the mother and fetus. It selectively transports essential nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals from the maternal circulation to the fetal compartment while removing waste products.
3. Maternal weight gain: Pregnant women typically experience an increase in body weight due to the growth of the fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and maternal tissues such as the uterus and breasts. Adequate gestational weight gain is essential for ensuring optimal pregnancy outcomes and reducing the risk of adverse perinatal complications.
4. Changes in maternal hormonal regulation: Pregnancy is associated with significant changes in hormonal profiles, including increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and other hormones that regulate various physiological functions such as glucose metabolism, appetite regulation, and maternal-fetal immune tolerance.
5. Lactation: Following childbirth, the mother's body undergoes further adaptations to support lactation and breastfeeding. This involves the production and secretion of milk, which contains essential nutrients and bioactive components that promote infant growth, development, and immunity.
6. Nutrient requirements: Pregnancy and lactation increase women's nutritional demands for various micronutrients such as iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. Meeting these increased nutritional needs is crucial for ensuring optimal pregnancy outcomes and supporting maternal health during the postpartum period.

Understanding these physiological adaptations and their implications for maternal and fetal health is essential for developing evidence-based interventions to promote positive pregnancy outcomes, reduce the risk of adverse perinatal complications, and support women's health throughout the reproductive lifespan.

"Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is a broad term that refers to various physical and biological processes related to nutrition in children. While I couldn't find a precise medical definition for this specific phrase, I can provide you with some key physiological phenomena associated with child nutrition. These include:

1. Growth and Development: Proper nutrition is crucial for normal growth and development in children. Adequate intake of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals supports physical growth, brain development, and overall well-being.
2. Digestion and Absorption: The gastrointestinal tract undergoes significant changes during childhood, affecting the ability to digest and absorb various nutrients. For example, lactase production decreases in some children after weaning, leading to lactose intolerance.
3. Energy Metabolism: Children have higher energy requirements per unit of body weight compared to adults due to their rapid growth and development. Proper nutrition ensures efficient energy metabolism and prevents issues like obesity or undernutrition.
4. Immune Function: Nutrition plays a vital role in supporting the immune system. Adequate intake of nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and protein helps maintain immune function and resistance to infections.
5. Micronutrient Deficiencies: Inadequate nutrition can lead to micronutrient deficiencies, which may impair children's growth, cognitive development, and overall health. Examples include iron deficiency anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders.
6. Overnutrition and Obesity: Excessive energy intake, coupled with reduced physical activity, can lead to overweight and obesity in children. This increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer later in life.
7. Food Allergies and Intolerances: Children are more prone to food allergies and intolerances than adults. These can manifest as various symptoms, such as skin rashes, digestive issues, or respiratory problems, and may require dietary modifications.
8. Eating Behaviors and Preferences: Childhood is a critical period for shaping eating behaviors and food preferences. Exposure to a variety of healthy foods during this stage can help establish lifelong healthy eating habits.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a widely recognized or established medical term. It seems to be a very specific phrase that may refer to the physiological processes and phenomena related to nutrition.

Nutrition, in a medical context, refers to the process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health and growth. Physiological phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the functional manifestations of living organisms and their parts.

So, "Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" could hypothetically refer to the various physiological processes that occur in the body in relation to nutrition, such as digestion, absorption, metabolism, transportation, and storage of nutrients. However, I would recommend consulting the specific source or context where this term was used for a more accurate definition.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard or widely recognized medical term. It seems to be a very specific phrase that may relate to various physiological processes and phenomena related to infant nutrition.

To try and provide some clarity, I can offer a brief explanation of the individual terms:

1. Infant: A young child, typically under one year of age.
2. Nutritional: Relating to food or nourishment, particularly in relation to energy and the balance of essential nutrients required for growth, repair, and maintenance of bodily functions.
3. Physiological: Describing processes and functions that occur within a living organism as part of normal bodily function, including biochemical reactions, organ function, and responses to environmental stimuli.
4. Phenomena: Observable events or occurrences.

So, "Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" could refer to observable events or processes related to an infant's nutrition and physiology. However, without further context, it is difficult to provide a more precise definition. Examples of such phenomena might include the development of feeding skills, growth patterns, or changes in metabolism related to dietary intake.

Artificial Skin is a synthetic substitute or equivalent that is used to replace, support, or enhance the function of damaged or absent skin. It can be made from various materials such as biopolymers, composites, or biosynthetic materials. The main purpose of artificial skin is to provide a temporary or permanent covering for wounds, burns, or ulcers that cannot be healed with conventional treatments. Additionally, it may serve as a platform for the delivery of medications or as a matrix for the growth of cells and tissues during skin grafting procedures. Artificial skin must possess properties such as biocompatibility, durability, flexibility, and permeability to air and water vapor in order to promote optimal healing and minimize scarring.

Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or syndrome, is a condition that affects the blood vessels, particularly in the fingers and toes. It is characterized by episodes of vasospasm (constriction) of the small digital arteries and arterioles, which can be triggered by cold temperatures or emotional stress. This results in reduced blood flow to the affected areas, causing them to become pale or white and then cyanotic (blue) due to the accumulation of deoxygenated blood. As the episode resolves, the affected areas may turn red as blood flow returns, sometimes accompanied by pain, numbness, or tingling sensations.

Raynaud's disease can be primary, meaning it occurs without an underlying medical condition, or secondary, which is associated with connective tissue disorders, autoimmune diseases, or other health issues such as carpal tunnel syndrome, vibration tool usage, or smoking. Primary Raynaud's is more common and tends to be less severe than secondary Raynaud's.

Treatment for Raynaud's disease typically involves avoiding triggers, keeping the body warm, and using medications to help dilate blood vessels and improve circulation. In some cases, lifestyle modifications and smoking cessation may also be recommended to manage symptoms and prevent progression of the condition.

A skin ulcer is a defined as a loss of continuity or disruption of the skin surface, often accompanied by inflammation and/or infection. These lesions can result from various causes including pressure, venous or arterial insufficiency, diabetes, and chronic dermatological conditions. Skin ulcers are typically characterized by their appearance, depth, location, and underlying cause. Common types of skin ulcers include pressure ulcers (also known as bedsores), venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. Proper evaluation, wound care, management of underlying conditions, and prevention strategies are crucial in the treatment of skin ulcers to promote healing and prevent complications.

Bacterial skin diseases are a type of infectious skin condition caused by various species of bacteria. These bacteria can multiply rapidly on the skin's surface when given the right conditions, leading to infection and inflammation. Some common bacterial skin diseases include:

1. Impetigo: A highly contagious superficial skin infection that typically affects exposed areas such as the face, hands, and feet. It is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.
2. Cellulitis: A deep-skin infection that can spread rapidly and involves the inner layers of the skin and underlying tissue. It is often caused by Group A Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
3. Folliculitis: An inflammation of hair follicles, usually caused by an infection with Staphylococcus aureus or other bacteria.
4. Furuncles (boils) and carbuncles: Deep infections that develop from folliculitis when the infection spreads to surrounding tissue. A furuncle is a single boil, while a carbuncle is a cluster of boils.
5. Erysipelas: A superficial skin infection characterized by redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area. It is typically caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria.
6. MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections: Skin infections caused by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to many antibiotics, making it more difficult to treat.
7. Leptospirosis: A bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil and characterized by flu-like symptoms and skin rashes.

Treatment for bacterial skin diseases usually involves the use of topical or oral antibiotics, depending on the severity and location of the infection. In some cases, drainage of pus-filled abscesses may be necessary to promote healing. Proper hygiene and wound care can help prevent the spread of these infections.

Hyperpigmentation is a medical term that refers to the darkening of skin areas due to an increase in melanin, the pigment that provides color to our skin. This condition can affect people of all races and ethnicities, but it's more noticeable in those with lighter skin tones.

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including excessive sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy), inflammation, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions like Addison's disease or hemochromatosis. It can also result from skin injuries, such as cuts, burns, or acne, which leave dark spots known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

There are several types of hyperpigmentation, including:

1. Melasma: This is a common form of hyperpigmentation that typically appears as symmetrical, blotchy patches on the face, particularly the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip. It's often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy or while taking birth control pills.
2. Solar lentigos (age spots or liver spots): These are small, darkened areas of skin that appear due to prolonged sun exposure over time. They typically occur on the face, hands, arms, and decolletage.
3. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: This type of hyperpigmentation occurs when an injury or inflammation heals, leaving behind a darkened area of skin. It's more common in people with darker skin tones.

Treatment for hyperpigmentation depends on the underlying cause and may include topical creams, chemical peels, laser therapy, or microdermabrasion. Preventing further sun damage is crucial to managing hyperpigmentation, so wearing sunscreen with a high SPF and protective clothing is recommended.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) are a group of peptide hormones that originate from the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). They play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including pigmentation, energy balance, and appetite regulation.

There are several types of MSH, but the most well-known ones include α-MSH, β-MSH, and γ-MSH. These hormones bind to melanocortin receptors (MCRs), which are found in various tissues throughout the body. The binding of MSH to MCRs triggers a series of intracellular signaling events that ultimately lead to changes in cell behavior.

In the context of skin physiology, α-MSH and β-MSH bind to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing pigment (melanin). This binding stimulates the production and release of eumelanin, a type of melanin that is brown or black in color. As a result, increased levels of MSH can lead to darkening of the skin, also known as hyperpigmentation.

Apart from their role in pigmentation, MSH hormones have been implicated in several other physiological processes. For instance, α-MSH has been shown to suppress appetite and promote weight loss by binding to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates energy balance. Additionally, MSH hormones have been implicated in inflammation, immune response, and sexual function.

Overall, melanocyte-stimulating hormones are a diverse group of peptide hormones that play important roles in various physiological processes, including pigmentation, energy balance, and appetite regulation.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

The rectus abdominis is a paired, flat, and long muscle in the anterior (front) wall of the abdomen. It runs from the pubic symphysis (the joint where the two pubic bones meet in the front of the pelvis) to the xiphoid process (the lower end of the sternum or breastbone) and costal cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs.

The rectus abdominis is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine (lower back), which helps in bending forward or sitting up from a lying down position. It also contributes to maintaining proper posture and stabilizing the pelvis and spine. The muscle's visibility, especially in its lower portion, is often associated with a "six-pack" appearance in well-trained individuals.

The umbilicus, also known as the navel, is the scar left on the abdominal wall after the removal of the umbilical cord in a newborn. The umbilical cord connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the uterus during pregnancy, providing essential nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products. After birth, the cord is clamped and cut, leaving behind a small stump that eventually dries up and falls off, leaving the umbilicus. In adults, it typically appears as a slight depression or dimple on the abdomen.

The Substantia Nigra is a region in the midbrain that plays a crucial role in movement control and reward processing. It is composed of two parts: the pars compacta and the pars reticulata. The pars compacta contains dopamine-producing neurons, whose loss or degeneration is associated with Parkinson's disease, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

In summary, Substantia Nigra is a brain structure that contains dopamine-producing cells and is involved in movement control and reward processing. Its dysfunction or degeneration can lead to neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease.

Pierre Robin Syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by a set of distinctive features including:

1. Micrognathia: This is the term for an abnormally small lower jaw (mandible). In Pierre Robin Syndrome, this feature is present at birth and can lead to breathing difficulties due to the tongue falling back and obstructing the airway.

2. Glossoptosis: This refers to the displacement of the tongue towards the back of the mouth. Because of the small jaw, the tongue has limited space and tends to fall back and block the airway, especially during sleep.

3. Cleft Palate: A cleft palate is a birth defect where there is an opening in the roof of the mouth (palate). This occurs because the two sides of the palate do not fuse together properly during fetal development.

The syndrome can vary in severity among individuals, and some may also have other associated conditions such as hearing problems, heart defects, or learning disabilities. The exact cause of Pierre Robin Syndrome is unknown, but it's often associated with genetic syndromes like Stickler syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome. Treatment typically involves addressing the airway issues first, often through positioning, prone sleeping, or in severe cases, a surgical procedure to bring the jaw forward (distraction osteogenesis). The cleft palate is usually repaired with surgery within the first year of life.

This physiological phenomenon is concomitant with the occurrence of melasma and darkened nipples. Individuals with lighter skin ... The prevalence of this phenomenon in both genders drops below 10% following the age of 30. Furthermore, its appearance may ... pigmentation tend to exhibit this phenomenon less frequently in comparison to those possessing darker pigmentation. It is ...
... electroencephalography and physiological measures of skin conductance, muscle tension and hormone secretion. This hybrid ... Research over the last two decades suggests that many phenomena, ranging from individual cognitive processing to social and ... The major challenge for this interdisciplinary domain is to integrate research focusing on the same phenomenon, emotion and ... for instance using automated video analysis or skin conductance (affectiva). A common way to measure the emotions of others is ...
The term "goose bumps" derives from the phenomenon's association with goose skin. Goose feathers grow from pores in the ... An unknown proportion of people may consciously initiate the sensation and physiological signs of piloerection. The phenomenon ... A skin condition that mimics goose bumps in appearance is keratosis pilaris. Goose bumps can be experienced in the presence of ... Goose bumps, goosebumps or goose-pimples (also called chill bumps[citation needed]) are the bumps on a person's skin at the ...
When skin is stretched beyond its physiological limit, mechanotransduction pathways are activated. This leads to cell growth as ... Other biological phenomena such as tissue inflammation can also be considered expansion (see tissue inflammation below). Skin ... As a result, the skin surface area increases. Continuum mechanics approaches can be used to model skin growth during tissue ... is a vector in the direction of skin thickness. We assume that the skin does not grow in the thickness direction for area ...
It is a physiological phenomenon that requires no treatment. Marshall-White syndrome List of cutaneous conditions Freedberg, et ... Bier spots are small, light macules usually found on the arms and legs of young adults, in which the intervening skin may seem ... 2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. "PharmaWiki - Bier- ...
Physiological effects on people and animals including temporary paralysis, skin burns and rashes, corneal burns, and symptoms ... An unidentified flying object (UFO), or unidentified anomalous phenomenon (UAP), is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot ... "unidentified aerial phenomenon" (UAP) or simply "anomalous phenomena", as in the name of the National Aviation Reporting Center ... going from unidentified aerial phenomena to unidentified anomalous phenomena. Raimer, Mark A. (Spring 1999). "The War of the ...
Examples of physiological regeneration are the continual replacement of cells of the skin and repair of the endometrium after ... In order to prevent starvation a planarian will use their own cells for energy, this phenomenon is known as de-growth. Limb ... Examples of physiological regeneration in mammals include epithelial renewal (e.g., skin and intestinal tract), red blood cell ... Some sharks can regenerate scales and even skin following damage. Within two weeks of skin wounding, mucus is secreted into the ...
It is a complex phenomenon and its precise definition is disputed. It contrasts with amotivation, which is a state of apathy or ... Lower needs belong to the physiological level and are characterized as deficiency needs since they indicate some form of lack. ... This can concern studying behavioral changes but may also include additional methods like measuring brain activity and skin ... This is partly because motivation is a complex phenomenon with many aspects and different definitions often focus on different ...
... cell phenomena, and immunity G05 - genetic processes G06 - biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition G07 - physiological ... and skin physiology G11 - musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology G12 - chemical and pharmacologic phenomena G13 - ... Sociology and Social Phenomena I01 - social sciences I02 - education I03 - human activities J - Technology and Food and ... skin and connective tissue diseases C18 - nutritional and metabolic diseases C19 - endocrine system diseases C20 - immune ...
Later, he replicated this phenomenon using several methods, for example by anaesthetic removal of skin sensations, in order to ... he discovered a series of phenomena that can be related to various invariants of physical or physiological origin. These ... which by interacting with the keratin layer of the skin, gives rise to a wide variety of phenomena that could explain the ... By other methods, including those resulting from his inventing high-resolution stimulation of the glabrous skin by lateral ...
Ramadan Q, Ting FC (May 2016). "In vitro micro-physiological immune-competent model of the human skin". Lab on a Chip. 16 (10 ... of an isolated organ may miss significant biological phenomena that occur in the body's complex network of physiological ... September 2013). "Skin and hair on-a-chip: in vitro skin models versus ex vivo tissue maintenance with dynamic perfusion". Lab ... Human skin is the first line of defense against many pathogens and can itself be subject to a variety of diseases and issues, ...
... change their position approximately every 11.6 min-a phenomenon described by Keane as "minimum physiological mobility ... These can include, but are not limited to: Disorders of the skin and underlying tissue. Pneumonia and other related respiratory ... skin, and kidneys, despite the usual nursing practice of repositioning every two hours.[1] The traditional method of dealing ...
Morocco Galvanic skin response, physiological phenomenon Glutathione-disulfide reductase, enzyme Gunshot residue Gerber Scout ...
... a phenomenon known as "skin-deep resilience". Although high levels of self-control, goal directed behavior, and high-effort ... Brody's recent research has shed light on the ways in which there may be physiological costs associated with achieving ... He is known for his research on the physiological, biological, and mental health effects of poverty, community disadvantage, ... Brody, Gene (2016-03-01). "Family Support Buffers the Physiological Effects of Racial Discrimination". APS Observer. 29. " ...
Skin conductance (level and response) Cardiac measures (heart rate, heart rate variability, contractility, both sympathetic ... In other words, psychophysiological research can consist of the study of social, psychological, and/or behavioral phenomena as ... A great deal of psychophysiological research has focused on the physiological instantiation of emotion, but with increased ... covering research on the interrelationships between the physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior. The ...
Researchers have found a number of physiological mechanisms associated with OR, including changes in phasic and tonic skin ... The phenomenon was first described by Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov in his 1863 book Reflexes of the Brain, and the term ... With repeated stimulation, all skin conductance readings diminished relative to novel introduction, though with emotionally ... who documented the phenomenon called "habituation", referring to a gradual "familiarity effect" and reduction of the orienting ...
Most doctors consider this a normal physiological phenomenon and advise against treatment. Fordyce spots are completely benign ... On the shaft of the penis, Fordyce spots are more visible when the skin is stretched, and may only be noticeable during an ... The spots can also appear on the skin of the scrotum. Oral Fordyce granules appear as rice-like granules, white or yellow-white ... Sebaceous glands are normal structures of the skin but may also be found ectopically in the mouth, where they are referred to ...
Such physiological and cognitive functions are generally not believed to give rise to mental phenomena or qualia, however, as ... Cephalopods have the ability to change color using chromatophores in their skin. Researchers believe that opsins in the skin ... such as when an insect may be walking along the skin. Stretching of the skin is transduced by stretch receptors known as ... Nociception (physiological pain) signals nerve-damage or damage to tissue. The three types of pain receptors are cutaneous ( ...
This phenomenon is referred to as stem cell transdifferentiation or plasticity. It can be induced by modifying the growth ... Stem cells from the bone marrow, which is derived from mesoderm, can differentiate into liver, lung, GI tract, and skin, which ... There is yet no consensus among biologists on the prevalence and physiological and therapeutic relevance of stem cell ... pluripotent stem cells equivalent to embryonic stem cells have been derived from human adult skin tissue. Other adult stem ...
In more specific studies looking at the link between cortisol levels and psychological phenomena, it has been found that ... Kapil V, Haydar SM, Pearl V, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Ahluwalia A (2013). "Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral ... and skin conductance. Additionally, a negative correlation was discovered between baseline levels of cortisol and aggression. ... In situations where a subject undergoes induced anxiety, high cortisol levels correspond with experiencing more physiological ...
Jablonski studies the physiological functions of skin as well as the evolutionary and sociological influences of the past and ... an insight that preceded the molecular genetic studies that confirmed the phenomenon. Jablonski's major findings explain that ... Available in Korean; Chinese translation expected 2021) Biological determinism Dark skin Hair Human skin color Light skin ... In their paper on the evolution of human skin pigmentation, Jablonski and Chaplin also posited that dark skin with sweat glands ...
The phenomenon of immune tolerance was first described by Ray D. Owen in 1945, who noted that dizygotic twin cattle sharing a ... for more information, see Immune tolerance in pregnancy). The skin and digestive tract of humans and many other organisms is ... Reactions are mounted, however, to pathogenic microbes and microbes that breach physiological barriers(epithelium barriers). ... It is used to describe the phenomenon underlying discrimination of self from non-self, suppressing allergic responses, allowing ...
... as brain activity can also be interpret by physiological measurements such skin conductance, heart rate, hormones, pupil ... One of the main controversies in understanding loss aversion is whether the phenomenon manifests in the brain, perhaps as ... On the other hand, in some of these studies, there was no physiological signals of loss aversion. That may suggest that the ... Studies have found that skin conductance, pupil dilation and heart rate are all higher in response to monetary loss than to ...
More recent research and additional phenomena (resistance, potential, impedance, electrochemical skin conductance, and ... and skin conductance is an indication of psychological or physiological arousal. If the sympathetic branch of the autonomic ... skin conductance response (SCR), sympathetic skin response (SSR) and skin conductance level (SCL). The long history of research ... Historically, EDA has also been known as skin conductance, galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal response (EDR), ...
... soundproof environment heated to the same temperature as the skin Prisoner's cinema - Visual phenomenon involving seeing ... H. von Helmholtz, Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik, published as "Helmholtz's Treatise on Physiological Optics, Translated ... A phenomenon that could be entoptical if the eyelashes are considered to be part of the eye is seeing light diffracted through ... The phenomenon appears as one or more light disks crossed by dark blurry lines (the shadows of the lashes), each having fringes ...
Jeffress, L.A. (Apr 1928). "Galvanic phenomena of the skin". J Exp Psychol. 11 (2): 130. doi:10.1037/h0070808. D. McFadden, ed ... His most cited article, "A Place Theory of Sound Localization", was in the 1948 Journal of Comparative and Physiological ... Jeffress completed a dissertation with Brown in 1926 concerning the galvanic skin response, and the two men remained close ... Jeffress received the first-ever silver medal in Psychological and Physiological Acoustics from the Acoustical Society of ...
Facial redness is associated with testosterone levels in humans, and male skin tends to be redder than female skin. Since color ... The physiological and emotional effect of color in each person is influenced by several factors such as past experiences, ... Casinos take full advantage of this phenomenon by using color to get people to spend more time and hence more money in their ... For example, flushed or pale skin can non-verbally communicate whether they are excited or sickly. Besides its use for social ...
I can only recognize the occurrence of the normal curve - the Laplacian curve of errors - as a very abnormal phenomenon. It is ... skin area, weight); The length of inert appendages (hair, claws, nails, teeth) of biological specimens, in the direction of ... growth; presumably the thickness of tree bark also falls under this category; Certain physiological measurements, such as blood ... This includes, for example, phenomena that only appear when all necessary conditions are present and one cannot be a substitute ...
Physiological signals are mainly recorded using special non-invasive surface electrodes (for EDA, EMG, ECG, and EEG), a blood ... With regard to the differences in design, methodology, evaluation sample, and conceptualization of the phenomenon of pain, it ... Measurements can include electrodermal activity (EDA, also skin conductance), electromyography (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), ... Psycho-)physiological information such as muscle tone and heart rate can be collected via biopotential sensors (electrodes). ...
"Voodoo death is brain's lethal response to fear." Richter, C.P. (1957). "On the phenomenon of sudden death in animals and man ... "Fight or flight" is a phrase used to describe the instinctual and physiological responses to strong emotion within animals as ... degree of muscle tonicity and skin pallor in an individual are also discernible without complicated instruments. However, there ... Voodoo death, a term coined by Walter Cannon in 1942 also known as psychogenic death or psychosomatic death, is the phenomenon ...
Physiological Phenomena - Skin Pigmentation PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * Adaptive social and ...
Skin Diseases / drug therapy * Skin Diseases / metabolism * Skin Diseases / physiopathology * Skin Physiological Phenomena* ... Ceramides and skin function Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(2):107-29. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200304020-00004. ... However, most skin disorders that have a diminished barrier function present a decrease in total ceramide content with some ... The link between skin disorders and changes in barrier lipid composition, especially in ceramides, is difficult to prove ...
... of people with diabetes and is an important risk factor for skin breakdown, amputation, and reduced physical mobility (ie, ... Skin Physiological Phenomena * Stress, Physiological * Weight-Bearing / physiology* Grants and funding * P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK ... Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in more than 50% of people with diabetes and is an important risk factor for skin ...
This physiological phenomenon is concomitant with the occurrence of melasma and darkened nipples. Individuals with lighter skin ... The prevalence of this phenomenon in both genders drops below 10% following the age of 30. Furthermore, its appearance may ... pigmentation tend to exhibit this phenomenon less frequently in comparison to those possessing darker pigmentation. It is ...
Skin Physiological Phenomena * Soaps * Triclosan * Xylenes account_balance. Affiliation. * Faculté de médecine / Section de ...
Our microbiota insures a real protective mission and participates in many physiological phenomena. Maintaining its balance is ... Exploring the skin microbiome: Review and innovative strategies to make your ecosystem happy! ... It is reflected through the largest organ in our body: the skin. As the first interface with the outside world,... ... CERALINK+®: to act by biomimicry to build a barrier for sensitive skin! ...
Public Health, Delivery of Health Care, Health Services, Wound Healing, Skin, Anatomy, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Pathologic ...
Skin Conductance. Skin conductance / galvanic skin response (GSR) is another physiological method we use to investigate the ... mouse tracking and touch screen technology in order to investigate a wide range of cognitive phenomena from basic ones, such as ... In our labs, we measure physiological correlates of cognition, such as heart rate variability, respiratory rate, and skin ... relationship between cognitive mechanisms and physical phenomena.. Example publication with skin conductance: https://doi.org/ ...
For easy understanding, we try to record the physiological phenomena and explain by figures.. Subjects:. Two Qigong theorists ... The result includes EEG, ECG, blood pressure, pulse beating, oxygen content in blood, skin electric conductance and respiration ... A preliminary study of the physiological efficacy when doing Zhoutian Cong Author: Liu C//Machi Y//Huang J//Huang M//Huang X. ... The physiological data were recorded.. Results of Small Zhoutian Gong: significant difference of the data between the stage of ...
... their similarity to entopic phenomena … suggests a physiological origin. 3D art [for example the Berekhat Ram figurine] may ... When a girl reached her first menstrual period, she sat in a hut on an animal skin while the other women danced like eland cows ... Earliest known evidence of artistic behaviour is of human body decoration9, including skin colouring with ocre and the use of ... From time to time, we scratch the proverbial skins under which they lie stunned. ...
... their similarity to entopic phenomena … suggests a physiological origin. 3D art [for example the Berekhat Ram figurine] may ... When a girl reached her first menstrual period, she sat in a hut on an animal skin while the other women danced like eland cows ... Earliest known evidence of artistic behaviour is of human body decoration9, including skin colouring with ocre and the use of ... From time to time, we scratch the proverbial skins under which they lie stunned. ...
Public Health, Delivery of Health Care, Health Services, Wound Healing, Skin, Anatomy, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Pathologic ...
... associated with the resistance hygrometer technique are identified and the usage of the instrument in the physiological ... It was found that the physiological function of the skin membrane and fluid carrier transport phenomena from the outer skin ... It was found that the physiological function of the skin membrane and fluid carrier transport phenomena from the outer skin ... associated with the resistance hygrometer technique are identified and the usage of the instrument in the physiological ...
There is no physio-logical parallel or relati-onship between skin tone and the biolog-ica-l/s-ocial phenomena we call character ... There is no innate and biological discri-min-ation towards groups whose skin color differs from your own; it is a learned ... There is an inherent privilege that white people experience solely on their skin color, whereas they may face discri-min-tation ... white is also culturally constr-ucted because the idea of superi-ficial traits such as skin tones determ-ining the intell- ...
Skin Pigmentation [G07.100.175.500]. *Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena [G13]. *Skin Physiological Phenomena [ ... Underrepresentation of skin of color in medical education: An updated analysis of popular question banks. J Am Acad Dermatol. ... Facial hypopigmentation in skin of color: An atypical presentation of lichen nitidus. Pediatr Dermatol. 2021 Nov; 38 Suppl 2: ... "Skin Pigmentation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ...
"I like to call the phenomenon anomalous anticipatory activity," she said. "The phenomenon is anomalous, some scientists argue ... Physiological measures of subconscious arousal, for instance, tend to show up before conscious awareness that a deck of cards ... skin and nervous systems." ... This phenomenon is sometimes called "presentiment," as in " ... Its anticipatory because it seems to predict future physiological changes in response to an important event without any known ...
Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena [G13]. *Skin Physiological Phenomena [G13.750]. *Re-Epithelialization [G13.750.726 ...
Peifer, C.; Schulz, A.; Schachinger, H.; Baumann, N.; Antoni, C.H. The relation of flow-experience and physiological arousal ... People have also mentioned a collection of other psychological phenomena associated with states. These include: (a) a feeling ... These measures include electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG) and skin conductance and have begun to be utilized in ... Harmat, L.; De Manzano, O.; Theorell, T.; Högman, L.; Fischer, H.; Ullén, F. Physiological correlates of the flow experience ...
Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the ... Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. ... Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher ... 5.6 Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynauds Phenomenon 5.7 Serotonin Syndrome 5.8 Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of ...
We have characterized BIM as a unique physiological phenomenon: a cross-body mirrored bioelectric signal in the skin of ... Dye imaging can only detect a signal from the top layer of cells (because of the opacity of frog skin), so this strongly ... S4A); a degree of programmed cell death in undamaged tissue may be an aspect of the BIM phenomenon. Its adaptive function, if ... First, panels of physiological reporters and computational analysis (mutual information and similar metrics) can be used to ...
... and wound perfusion/skin regeneration for patients with severe burns. Major equipment includes a Sun workstation for finite ... Biotransport Phenomena; Mechanical Principles of Biologic Systems; and Biothermodynamics. Equipment utilized in the laboratory ... to understanding the properties of physiological systems, medical devices, and bioreactor engineering. Current investigations ... PhD and focuses on research related to the application of BioThemodynamics and BioTransport Phenomena (principles of heat, ...
Skin Physiological Phenomena. *Signal Transduction. *Receptors, Notch. *Mice. *Interleukin-33. *Immunoglobulin J Recombination ... "Divergent Roles of Epithelium-Derived Alarmins in Notch Signaling-Deficient Skin." The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 140 ... "Divergent Roles of Epithelium-Derived Alarmins in Notch Signaling-Deficient Skin." The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, ... Divergent Roles of Epithelium-Derived Alarmins in Notch Signaling-Deficient Skin.. Publication , Journal Article ...
Skin Physiological Phenomena; Textiles / analysis; X-Ray Microtomography / instrumentation ... author keywords: textile characterization; contact area; friction; comfort; skin injury; X-ray microcomputed tomography (XRM-CT ... MeSH headings : Biomechanical Phenomena; Cotton Fiber / analysis; Equipment Design; Friction; Humans; Image Processing, ... of Yarns and Fabrics and Determination of Contact Area of Fabrics Using the X-ray Microcomputed Tomography System for Skin- ...
Skin Physiological Phenomena. Langer SL, Kelly TH, Storer BE, Hall SP, Lucas HG, Syrjala KL. 2012. Expressive talking among ...
Skin Physiological Phenomena 23% * Neuromuscular Diseases 18% * The biomechanical efficacy of a dressing with a soft cellulose ... Call, E., Tanner, L., Cheney, A., Rappl, L., Santamaria, N., Gefen, A. & Oberg, C., 1 Oct 2020, In: Advances in Skin and Wound ... Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19. Gefen, A. & Ousey, K., 2 Jun 2020, In: ... Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19: Monthly update. Gefen, A. & Ousey, K., ...
Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena [G13]. *Skin Physiological Phenomena [G13.750]. *Skin Physiological Processes [ ... "Skin Physiological Processes" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Skin Physiological Processes" was a major or ... "Skin Physiological Processes" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Skin Physiological Processes" by people in Profiles over the past ten ...
Skin 48% * Skin Physiological Phenomena 11% * Cell Aggregation 9% 2 Scopus citations ... Isolating and cryopreserving pig skin cells for single-cell RNA sequencing study. Han, L., Jara, C. P., Wang, O., Shi, Y., Wu, ...
Nose Bridge Strip Inside Help Keep Mask ... moreClose to Skin. 3) Align the face mask with the mouth and nose, with the nose ... Another is titledTHE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN DISEASE ... moreby Sloan. In which he ... TitledARCHIVES OF THE ROENTGEN RAY AND ALLIED PHENOMENA August issue. 32 pages with several plates. NO ADS. Many great ... New-Skin liquid court plaster, manufactured by Douglas MFG of Great Britain, probably between 1900 and 1910. This rare piece is ...
The skin in these areas is relatively thin. Ask your play mate to help you, get you water, or whatever you need to help calm ... Medically, this phenomenon is called aseptic seminal vesiculitis. My wife is a petite and curvy latina, who blows peoples minds ... Generally, it is physiological. Cant you live without seeing you? In recent years, the figure industry has undergone major ... Sex organs grab blood from the skin. These wishes may somehow be selfish, but its not the voluntary number of voluntary kicks ...
f. Mosaic skin: This is usually found on the lower legs and constitutes a dry, atrophic alteration of the skin with a mosaic- ... Focal phenomena, e.g., one extremity cyanotic should be recorded under Other findings.) b. Irregular pulse: Record any ... irregularities of pulse except physiological variations. c. Cardiac murmur: Record all murmurs. Grade, location, radiation, and ... The skin is rough, with papillae formed by keratotic plugs which project from the hair follicles. The surrounding skin is dry ...
  • Individuals with lighter skin pigmentation tend to exhibit this phenomenon less frequently in comparison to those possessing darker pigmentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skin Pigmentation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Skin Pigmentation" by people in this website by year, and whether "Skin Pigmentation" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Skin Pigmentation" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Skin pigmentation is just one of many biological processes that are controlled by hormones. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • Changes in skin pigmentation can occur because of the effects of these hormones on melanocytes, the cells responsible for making melanin. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • This paper outlines the main cognitive aspects and processes of pain and neuro-physiological responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The term organic refers to the actual physiological tissue damage, whereas psychogenic relates to the psychological processes involved in pain responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Of special note are developments for 2009 MeSH related to fungi, to processes and phenomena, and to disciplines and occupations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Category G (Biological Sciences) was renamed Phenomena and Processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • To address this situation, 'Phenomena and Processes' and 'Disciplines and Occupations' were separated into different tree categories. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further division follows under processes or other observable properties, qualities, and measurable phenomena. (bvsalud.org)
  • This approach provides a reproducible, logical framework for expanding the MeSH vocabulary in the category of Phenomena and Processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biological activities and functions of the SKIN. (uams.edu)
  • The previous (pre-2009) organization was established in 1975 and non-biological phenomena and techniques were organized within broad disciplines named by a descriptor in the H Tree category of Natural Sciences. (bvsalud.org)
  • March 21, 2023 In daily skin care routine, "cotton pads" are commonly used tools, especially during makeup removal, application of toner, and wet compress.Characteristics of cotton padsDepending on the mat. (bi-ehealthcare.com)
  • Regulating metabolism.Mar 20, 2023 · The Cushing reflex (vasopressor response, Cushing reaction, Cushing effect, and Cushing phenomenon) is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in Cushing's triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic), bradycardia, and irregular respirations. (nails-beauty.de)
  • Moreover, microgravity conditions are essential to study rearrangement phenomena, such as coarsening and coalescence, disentangled from drainage. (nasa.gov)
  • In this major rearrangement of the G and H hierarchies, descriptors for phenomenon or process concepts in the H01 tree were moved to a G category tree. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand, extrinsic aging is related to external factors such as lifestyle, environmental aspects, and physical and physiological stress. (healthycaremag.com)
  • Some postulate that the chronic stress documented to occur in some communities near hazardous waste sites could possibly lead to an array of biopsychosocial effects, including physical health effects from chronic stress (possible health outcomes affected by stress include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin), increases in the prevalence of certain psychological disorders, and social disruption. (cdc.gov)
  • CUTISS tests DenovoSkin, a bio-engineered human skin graft material to treat wounds in space, potentially benefitting reconstructive medicine on Earth. (nasa.gov)
  • This physiological phenomenon is concomitant with the occurrence of melasma and darkened nipples. (wikipedia.org)
  • While this is a perfectly normal occurrence, some teens may struggle to accept the changes in their looks, especially if they are oblivious to the scientific principles underpinning skin darkening. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • The occurrence of SQP is examined via in vitro experiments concerning increasing PpIX concentrations in physiological samples (i.e., mainly containing phosphate buffered saline with albumin) and evaluating - at zero oxygen level - the lifetime and the 670nm to 630nm signal intensity ratio (670nm/630nm-ratio). (utwente.nl)
  • SQP occurrence in physiological samples disturbs the lifetime measurement, at least at zero oxygen level. (utwente.nl)
  • Skin Aging: Having healthy and youthful-looking skin seems like a distant goal for many. (healthycaremag.com)
  • Still, it is possible to have well-groomed skin and slow the aging process by changing everyday attitudes that can contribute to an aged and dull appearance, especially in the face region. (healthycaremag.com)
  • As the skin is the organ that most reflects the effects of the passage of time, it is common for the first signs of aging to cause some discomfort regardless of age. (healthycaremag.com)
  • To understand a little more about preventing premature skin aging, it is necessary to know how this process works. (healthycaremag.com)
  • The organism's aging is related to the phenomenon in which new ones do not replace these dead cells . (healthycaremag.com)
  • There are different types of skin aging: intrinsic and extrinsic. (healthycaremag.com)
  • Now that you know that your skin's health and appearance are directly related to your habits and lifestyle, you've probably understood that skin aging is also up to you. (healthycaremag.com)
  • When we expose the skin to the sun without protection, we facilitate the premature aging of the skin and the appearance of dermatological diseases and even cancer. (healthycaremag.com)
  • Avoiding excessive sugar consumption is essential, as it triggers a reaction called glycation in cells, which is directly related to skin aging. (healthycaremag.com)
  • Background: Skin aging is a complicated natural phenomenon characterized by progressive loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin. (ui.ac.id)
  • Objectives: Present study investigates possible anti-aging potency of phytochemical compound found in salak fruit peel based on its binding towards enzyme related in skin aging process. (ui.ac.id)
  • Conclusions: Taken together compound found in snake fruit, display possible inhibition towards protein related in skin aging and could be potentially used as anti-aging agent. (ui.ac.id)
  • August 23, 2021 Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon for girls every month. (bi-ehealthcare.com)
  • The body's physiological response to a microgravity environment has been shown, among other effects, to include reduced bone density and strength. (ncesse.org)
  • What was needed to unambiguously establish the physiological status of lucid dreams was some sort of behavioral response signaling to the experimenter the exact time the lucid dream was taking place. (lucidity.com)
  • HRF-1 provides an on-orbit laboratory that enables scientists conducting human life science research to evaluate the physiological, behavioral, and chemical changes induced by space flight. (nasa.gov)
  • Collagen Vascular Diseases: A Review of Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, and Distinguishing Features in Skin of Color. (uchicago.edu)
  • Some medical conditions, particularly fractures, lacerations, costoclavicular syndrome, connective tissue diseases, vascular disorders such as Buerger's disease, generalized atherosclerosis, or a long history of high blood pressure, may result in the same signs and symptoms as primary Raynaud's phenomenon. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenomena, Related techniques, and similar descriptors were arranged side by side with subdisciplines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many descriptors involving concepts related to phenomena, being of interest to more than one discipline, were placed in more than one Tree location. (bvsalud.org)
  • In our labs, we measure physiological correlates of cognition, such as heart rate variability, respiratory rate, and skin conductance. (uni-potsdam.de)
  • Skin conductance / galvanic skin response (GSR) is another physiological method we use to investigate the relationship between cognitive mechanisms and physical phenomena. (uni-potsdam.de)
  • This article will discuss the physiological mechanisms that cause the skin to darken during adolescence. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • We use bimanual grip force recording, mouse tracking and touch screen technology in order to investigate a wide range of cognitive phenomena from basic ones, such as perception-action coupling, to the higher-level cognition - numerical and mathematical cognition, language processing, including abstract and idiomatic language, conceptual understanding of time, and processing of emotional information. (uni-potsdam.de)
  • Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in more than 50% of people with diabetes and is an important risk factor for skin breakdown, amputation, and reduced physical mobility (ie, walking and stair climbing). (nih.gov)
  • Hyperpigmentation, or skin darkening, occurs when melanin production increases and causes the skin to darken. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • We aim to identify prominent causes of BGS which disturb the measurement accuracy, and whether SQP occurs within physiological setting. (utwente.nl)
  • Cases tend to be underreported by physicians because most have not been informed of how to distinguish the symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon from other medical conditions where blanching or sensory loss occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • Primary" Raynaud's phenomenon, originally described by Dr. Maurice Raynaud, occurs spontaneously in less than 15% of the general population. (cdc.gov)
  • Introduction: While chronic beryllium disease is clearly an immune-mediated granulomatous process, acute beryllium disease is commonly considered an irritative chemical phenomenon occurring at exposures >100 mg/m3. (cdc.gov)
  • In light of a recently completed, comprehensive study, conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Institute concludes that vibrating hand tools can cause vibration syndrome, a condition also known as vibration white finger and as Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. (cdc.gov)
  • The prevalence of this phenomenon in both genders drops below 10% following the age of 30. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's anticipatory because it seems to predict future physiological changes in response to an important event without any known clues, and it's an activity because it consists of changes in the cardiopulmonary, skin and nervous systems. (scienceblog.com)
  • Every day, morning, and night, it is necessary to clean the skin to remove all the impurities we come across in everyday life, as well as oxidative agents, pollutants, and other particles that can accumulate in the skin tissue. (healthycaremag.com)
  • It was found that the physiological function of the skin membrane and fluid carrier transport phenomena from the outer skin have an indistinguishable effect on the observed findings from the instrument. (nasa.gov)
  • 1947). Humans cannot adapt to a chronic water deficit, so fluid losses must be replaced if physiological function is to continue unimpaired. (nih.gov)
  • This laboratory is under the direction of Jack Patzer, PhD and focuses on research related to the application of BioThemodynamics and BioTransport Phenomena (principles of heat, momentum, and mass transport) to understanding the properties of physiological systems, medical devices, and bioreactor engineering. (pitt.edu)
  • Facial hypopigmentation in skin of color: An atypical presentation of lichen nitidus. (uchicago.edu)
  • T he appearance of wrinkles and facial depressions is a physiological phenomenon caused by the ageing and sagging of the skin. (hyamax.com)
  • The physiological and mental effects of this transition will be discussed, as will the function of hormones, genetics, and sun exposure. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • During puberty, when many adolescents spend more time outdoors, sun exposure is a common cause of skin darkening. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • The adverse effects caused by inadequate exposure to the sun are cumulative and can cause blemishes and wrinkles on the skin. (healthycaremag.com)
  • and whether neurobehavioral disorders caused by chronic low-dose exposure to neurotoxicants, which may manifest as psychological distress, are a public health phenomenon near hazardous waste sites. (cdc.gov)
  • There is more melanin in the skin of persons with darker skin tones and less in the skin of those with lighter skin tones. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • It is well known that ceramides play an essential role in structuring and maintaining the water permeability barrier function of the skin. (nih.gov)
  • However, most skin disorders that have a diminished barrier function present a decrease in total ceramide content with some differences in the ceramide pattern. (nih.gov)
  • It is an assent that must, in order to remain logical and not physiological, presume a perspective outside the physical order. (uncommondescent.com)
  • However, unexplained results let to hypotheses that background signal (BGS) and a self-quenching phenomenon (SQP) affect the PpIX-TSLT measurement accuracy. (utwente.nl)
  • Results - The COMET shows prominent BGS from skin measurement and its measurement fiber. (utwente.nl)
  • As with black and Latino catego-ries, white is also culturally constr-ucted because the idea of superi-ficial traits such as skin tones determ-ining the intell-igence and competency of a human dismisses that person's inherent indivi-duality . (cheatography.com)
  • Physiological measures of subconscious arousal, for instance, tend to show up before conscious awareness that a deck of cards is stacked against us. (scienceblog.com)
  • Depending on a person's genetics and lifestyle, the normal physiological functions of the skin can decline by up to 50% by middle age. (healthycaremag.com)
  • The effects of this phenomenon on adolescents' sense of self-worth and general health can be devastating. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • Darker-skinned persons have more eumelanin and lighter-skinned people have more pheomelanin in their skin. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • Estrogen has been shown to increase melanin synthesis, which can make skin darker. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • Underrepresentation of skin of color in medical education: An updated analysis of popular question banks. (uchicago.edu)
  • 3 "Secondary" Raynaud's phenomenon has the same signs and symptoms and progresses through the same stages of severity but may be correlated with a specific cause (i.e., other medical conditions, vinyl chloride, or vibrating handtools). (cdc.gov)
  • The link between skin disorders and changes in barrier lipid composition, especially in ceramides, is difficult to prove because of the many variables involved. (nih.gov)
  • It is reflected through the largest organ in our body: the skin. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • The melanocytes' production of melanin is a natural defense mechanism of the body that is triggered when the skin is exposed to UV radiation from the sun. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • Chronically high levels of cortisol in the body leads to recurrent infections, skin problems, a pot-bellied appearance, and increased appetite, thirst, and urinati Cushing's disease in dogs is brought about by an excess of circulating cortisol hormone. (nails-beauty.de)
  • Current investigations involve the application bound solute dialysis (BSD) as a detoxification approach to support patients with liver failure, use of ischemia protective polymers (IPP) to mitigate ischemia/reperfusion injury in organ harvest and transplant, and wound perfusion/skin regeneration for patients with severe burns. (pitt.edu)
  • Among numerous physiological tasks, the vascular network transports oxygen and nutrients and eliminates waste products, all critical for organ survival and cellular homeostasis. (elifesciences.org)
  • SuperSonic evaluates the impact of space radiation and proliferation of reactive oxygen species on human skin and tests whether an antioxidant, Co-Enzyme Q10 (CoQ10), provides protection from these risks. (nasa.gov)
  • One of the most harmful agents for the skin is ultraviolet solar radiation, as it causes burns, photoaging, and even skin cancer. (healthycaremag.com)
  • From day 2 onwards, this layer of "causing" is a very favorable environment for skin infections. (burravisitorcentre.com)
  • Progressive division involves separation of the phenomena into structures or objects in the case of those not represented by anatomical structures in the A category, organisms in the B category, or chemical substances in the D category. (bvsalud.org)
  • To find out the characteristics of the physiological effect when doing the Great and Small Zhoutian Gong and improve the testing methods and technology. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • This phenomenon is sometimes called "presentiment," as in "sensing the future," but Mossbridge said she and other researchers are not sure whether people are really sensing the future. (scienceblog.com)
  • People of African-American, Hispanic, and South Asian descent are disproportionately affected by this phenomenon throughout adolescence. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • For easy understanding, we try to record the physiological phenomena and explain by figures. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • So, an important tip is removing all makeup before bed, eliminating impurities, and making skin care products more effective as they penetrate the region more easily. (healthycaremag.com)
  • Helping adolescents feel more confident and capable is possible by increasing our knowledge of the process of skin darkening during puberty. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • and integrate a BGS correction method using average skin BGS. (utwente.nl)
  • This means that at physiological temperatures, the lipid chains are mostly in a solid crystalline or gel state, which exhibits low lateral diffusional properties and is less permeable than the state of liquid crystalline membranes, which are present at higher temperatures. (nih.gov)
  • Skin darkening throughout puberty can be attributed to several reasons, including fluctuating hormone levels, time spent in the sun, and racial/ethnic background. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • Insight into the causes and potential treatments for skin darkening throughout puberty can be gained by an examination of the scientific literature on the topic. (bestratedhealth.com)
  • There is no physio-logical parallel or relati-onship between skin tone and the biolog-ica-l/s-ocial phenomena we call character and intell-igence . (cheatography.com)
  • I like to call the phenomenon 'anomalous anticipatory activity,'" she said. (scienceblog.com)
  • The COMET skin-BGS results in mitoPO2 underestimation considering normoxia and overestimation with critically low values. (utwente.nl)