Seminal Plasma Proteins
Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins
Semen
Prostatic Secretory Proteins
Spermatozoa
Sperm Capacitation
Cattle
Proteins
Blood Proteins
Plasma
Vasectomy
Sperm Motility
Asthenozoospermia
Infertility, Male
Erotica
Ejaculation
Encyclopedias as Topic
Pedophilia
Premature Ejaculation
Buttocks
Blood Group Antigens
ABO Blood-Group System
Fucosyl Galactose alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Oligosaccharides
Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
Glycosyltransferases
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching
Identification of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2/megalin as an endocytic receptor for seminal vesicle secretory protein II. (1/410)
The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2/megalin (LRP-2) is an endocytic receptor that is expressed on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells lining specific regions of the male and female reproductive tracts. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining revealed that LRP-2 is also expressed by epithelial cells lining the ductal region and the ampulla of the rat seminal vesicle. To identify LRP-2 ligands in the seminal vesicle, we probed seminal vesicle fluid with 125I-labeled LRP-2 in a gel-blot overlay assay. A 100-kDa protein (under non-reducing conditions) was found to bind the radiolabeled receptor. The protein was isolated and subjected to protease digestion, and the proteolytic fragments were subjected to mass spectroscopic sequence analysis. As a result, the 100-kDa protein was identified as the seminal vesicle secretory protein II (SVS-II), a major constituent of the seminal coagulum. Using purified preparations of SVS-II and LRP-2, solid-phase binding assays were used to show that the SVS-II bound to the receptor with high affinity (Kd = 5.6 nM). The binding of SVS-II to LRP-2 was inhibited using a known antagonist of LRP-2 function, the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein RAP. Using a series of recombinant subfragments of SVS-II, the LRP-2 binding site was mapped to a stretch of repeated 13-residue modules located in the central portion of the SVS-II polypeptide. To evaluate the ability of LRP-2 to mediate 125I-SVS-II endocytosis and lysosomal degradation, ligand clearance assays were performed using differentiated mouse F9 cells, which express high levels of LRP-2. Radiolabeled SVS-II was internalized and degraded by the cells, and both processes were inhibited by antibodies to LRP-2 or by RAP. The results indicate that LRP-2 binds SVS-II and can mediate its endocytosis leading to lysosomal degradation. (+info)Characterisation of the conformational and quaternary structure-dependent heparin-binding region of bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109. (2/410)
PDC-109, the major heparin-binding protein of bull seminal plasma, binds to sperm choline lipids at ejaculation and modulates capacitation mediated by heparin. Affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose showed that polydisperse, but not monomeric, PDC-109 displayed heparin-binding capability. We sought to characterise the surface topology of the quaternary structure-dependent heparin-binding region of PDC-109 by comparing the arginine- and lysine-selective chemical modification patterns of the free and the heparin-bound protein. A combination of reversed-phase peptide mapping of endoproteinase Lys-C-digested PDC-109 derivatives and mass spectrometry was employed to identify modified and heparin-protected residues. PDC-109 contains two tandemly arranged fibronectin type II domains (a, Cys24-Cys61; b, Cys69-Cys109). The results show that six basic residues (Lys34, Arg57, Lys59, Arg64, Lys68, and Arg104) were shielded from reaction with acetic anhydride and 1,2-cyclohexanedione in heparin-bound PDC-109 oligomers. In the 1H-NMR solution structures of single fibronectin type II domains, residues topologically equivalent to PDC-109 Arg57 (Arg104) and Lys59 lay around beta-strand D on the same face of the domain. In full-length PDC-109, Arg64 and Lys68 are both located in the intervening polypeptide between domains a and b. Our data suggest possible quaternary structure arrangements of PDC-109 molecules to form a heparin-binding oligomer. (+info)Crystal structure of human ZAG, a fat-depleting factor related to MHC molecules. (3/410)
Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a soluble protein that is present in serum and other body fluids. ZAG stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. The 2.8 angstrom crystal structure of ZAG resembles a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heavy chain, but ZAG does not bind the class I light chain beta2-microglobulin. The ZAG structure includes a large groove analogous to class I MHC peptide binding grooves. Instead of a peptide, the ZAG groove contains a nonpeptidic compound that may be implicated in lipid catabolism under normal or pathological conditions. (+info)Seminal plasma choline phospholipid-binding proteins stimulate cellular cholesterol and phospholipid efflux. (4/410)
Bovine seminal plasma (BSP) contains a family of phospholipid-binding proteins (BSP-A1/-A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa, collectively called BSP proteins) that potentiate sperm capacitation induced by high-density lipoproteins. We showed recently that BSP proteins stimulate cholesterol efflux from epididymal spermatozoa and play a role in capacitation. Here, we investigated whether or not BSP proteins could stimulate cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from fibroblasts. Cells were radiolabeled ([3H]cholesterol or [3H]choline) and the appearance of radioactivity in the medium was determined in the presence of BSP proteins. Alcohol precipitates of bovine seminal plasma (designated crude BSP, cBSP), purified BSP-A1/-A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa proteins stimulated cellular cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux from fibroblasts. Efflux mechanistic differences were observed between BSP proteins and other cholesterol acceptors. Preincubation of BSP-A1/-A2 proteins with choline prevented cholesterol efflux, an effect not observed with apolipoprotein A-I. Also, the rate of BSP-induced efflux was rapid during the first 20 min, but leveled off thereafter in contrast to a relatively slow, but constant, rate of cholesterol efflux mediated by apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-I-containing reconstituted lipoproteins (LpA-I) and high-density lipoproteins. These results indicate that fibroblasts are a good cell model to study the mechanism of lipid efflux mediated by BSP proteins. (+info)Characterization of lipid efflux particles generated by seminal phospholipid-binding proteins. (5/410)
We reported recently that the choline phospholipid-binding proteins (BSP-A1/-A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa) of bovine seminal plasma (BSP) stimulate cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux from fibroblasts. In this study, we characterized the lipid efflux particles generated by BSP proteins. The density gradient ultracentrifugation of the efflux medium from radiolabeled fibroblasts incubated with BSP proteins showed a single peak of [3H]cholesterol between density (d) 1.12 and 1.14 g/ml, which is in the range of high-density lipoproteins. Size-exclusion chromatographic and immunoblot analysis revealed that the efflux particles have a large size equal to or bigger than very low-density lipoproteins and contained BSP proteins. Lipid analysis of density gradient and gel filtration fractions from efflux medium of simultaneously labeled fibroblasts ([3H]cholesterol and [3H]choline) incubated with BSP proteins showed that the efflux particles were homogeneous and composed of cholesterol and choline phospholipids. The lipid particles contained BSP proteins, cholesterol and choline phospholipids in molar ratio of 0.05:1.21:1, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the BSP-generated lipid particles had a gamma migration pattern which is slower than low-density lipoproteins. The sonication of cholesterol and BSP proteins followed by gel filtration chromatographic analysis indicated no direct binding of cholesterol to BSP proteins. These results taken together indicate that BSP proteins induce a concomitant cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux and generate large protein-lipid particles. (+info)Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning and tissue expression of BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa: phosphatidylcholine and heparin-binding proteins of bovine seminal plasma. (6/410)
BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa are four major proteins of bovine seminal plasma (BSP protein family). These heparin- and phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins potentiate the capacitation of spermatozoa. Here we determined the complete sequences of the two cDNAs coding for the BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa proteins. Degenerate oligonucleotides designed on the basis of the primary sequences of the proteins were used as primers in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, with cDNA preparations of bovine seminal vesicles as templates, to amplify an internal fragment of each BSP cDNA. Specific oligonucleotides designed on the basis of these partial cDNA sequences were used to clone the two complete cDNAs by using the 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and 5' RACE methods. We also verified the expression of all members of the bovine BSP protein family in several adult bovine tissues by RNase protection assays. The results indicated that each BSP protein mRNA is expressed only in seminal vesicles and in the ampullae. Homologous genes were detected in human, rat, hamster, and rabbit genomic DNA, using high-stringency Southern hybridization with a specific BSP-30-kDa cDNA probe. (+info)Conservation and function of a bovine sperm A-kinase anchor protein homologous to mouse AKAP82. (7/410)
Protein kinase A regulates sperm motility through the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of proteins. One mechanism to direct the activity of the kinase is to localize it near its protein substrates through the use of anchoring proteins. A-Kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) act by binding the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and tethering it to a cellular organelle or cytoskeletal element. We showed previously that mAKAP82, the major protein of the fibrous sheath of the mouse sperm flagellum, is an AKAP. The available evidence indicates that protein kinase A is compartmentalized to the fibrous sheath by binding mAKAP82. To characterize AKAP82 in bovine sperm, a testicular cDNA library was constructed and used to isolate a clone encoding bAKAP82, the bovine homologue. Sequence analysis showed that the primary structure of bAKAP82 was highly conserved. In particular, the amino acid sequence corresponding to the region of mAKAP82 responsible for binding the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A was identical in the bull. Bovine AKAP82 was present in both epididymal and ejaculated sperm and was localized to the entire principal piece of the flagellum, the region in which the fibrous sheath is located. Finally, bAKAP82 bound the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. These data support the idea that bAKAP82 functions as an anchoring protein for the subcellular localization of protein kinase A in the flagellum. (+info)Enzymatic action of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2). Substrate specificity and regulation by Zn2+ and extracellular protease inhibitors. (8/410)
Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is a serine protease expressed by the prostate gland with 80% identity in primary structure to prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Recently, hK2 was shown to activate the zymogen form of PSA (proPSA) in vitro and is likely to be the physiological activator of PSA in the prostate. hK2 is also able to activate urokinase and effectively cleave fibronectin. We studied the substrate specificity of hK2 and regulation of its activity by zinc and extracellular protease inhibitors present in the prostate and seminal plasma. The enzymatic activity and substrate specificity was studied by determining hK2 cleavage sites in the major gel proteins in semen, semenogelin I and II, and by measuring hydrolysis of various tripeptide aminomethylcoumarin substrates. HK2 cleaves substrates C-terminal of single or double arginines. Basic amino acids were also occasionally found at several other positions N-terminal of the cleavage site. Therefore, the substrate specificity of hK2 fits in well with that of a processor of protein precursors. Possible regulation mechanisms were studied by testing the ability of Zn2+ and different protease inhibitors to inhibit hK2 by kinetic measurements. Inhibitory constants were determined for the most effective inhibitors PCI and Zn2+. The high affinity of PCI for hK2 (kass = 2.0 x 10(5) M-1 x s-1) and the high concentrations of PCI (4 microM) and hK2 (0.2 microM) in seminal plasma make hK2 a very likely physiological target protease for PCI. hK2 is inhibited by Zn2+ at micromolar concentrations well below the 9 mM zinc concentration found in the prostate. The enzymatic activity of hK2 is likely to be reversibly regulated by Zn2+ in prostatic fluid. This regulation may be impaired in CAP and advanced metastatic cancer resulting in lack of control of the hK2 activity and a need for other means of control. (+info)Seminal plasma proteins are a group of proteins that are present in the seminal fluid, which is the liquid component of semen. These proteins originate primarily from the accessory sex glands, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands, and play various roles in the maintenance of sperm function and fertility.
Some of the key functions of seminal plasma proteins include:
1. Nutrition: Seminal plasma proteins provide energy sources and essential nutrients to support sperm survival and motility during their journey through the female reproductive tract.
2. Protection: These proteins help protect sperm from oxidative stress, immune attack, and other environmental factors that could negatively impact sperm function or viability.
3. Lubrication: Seminal plasma proteins contribute to the formation of a fluid medium that facilitates the ejaculation and transport of sperm through the female reproductive tract.
4. Coagulation and liquefaction: Some seminal plasma proteins are involved in the initial coagulation and subsequent liquefaction of semen, which helps ensure proper sperm release and distribution during ejaculation.
5. Interaction with female reproductive system: Seminal plasma proteins can interact with components of the female reproductive tract to modulate immune responses, promote implantation, and support early embryonic development.
Examples of seminal plasma proteins include prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), and semenogelins. Abnormal levels or dysfunctions in these proteins have been associated with various reproductive disorders, such as infertility, prostatitis, and prostate cancer.
Seminal vesicle secretory proteins are a group of proteins that are produced and released by the seminal vesicles, which are accessory glands of the male reproductive system in many mammals. These proteins make up a significant portion of the fluid contributed by the seminal vesicles to the ejaculate during sexual activity.
The seminal vesicle secretions contain several types of proteins, including various enzymes, structural proteins, and immunomodulatory proteins. Some of the key proteins found in seminal vesicle secretions include:
1. Semenogelins: These are large, structural proteins that contribute to the formation of a gel-like substance in semen, which helps to prolong the lifespan of sperm and protect them from the acidic environment of the vagina.
2. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Although primarily produced by the prostate gland, PSA is also present in seminal vesicle secretions. It is a protease enzyme that helps to liquefy the gel-like substance in semen and facilitate sperm motility.
3. Prostaglandins: These are hormone-like substances that play a role in regulating inflammation, blood flow, and muscle contractions. In the male reproductive system, prostaglandins help to promote sperm motility and capacitation (a process that prepares sperm for fertilization).
4. Immunomodulatory proteins: Seminal vesicle secretions contain several proteins that can modulate the immune response, helping to prevent rejection of sperm by the female's immune system during fertilization.
These proteins play important roles in maintaining the health and function of sperm, as well as facilitating their movement through the female reproductive tract for successful fertilization.
Semen is a complex, whitish fluid that is released from the male reproductive system during ejaculation. It is produced by several glands, including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. Semen contains several components, including sperm (the male reproductive cells), as well as various proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals. Its primary function is to transport sperm through the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse, providing nutrients and aiding in the protection of the sperm as they travel toward the egg for fertilization.
Prostatic secretory proteins are a group of proteins that are produced and secreted by the prostate gland, which is a small gland that is part of the male reproductive system. These proteins play an important role in maintaining the health and function of the reproductive system.
One of the most well-known prostatic secretory proteins is prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is often used as a biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. PSA is a protein that is produced by the cells in the prostate gland and is normally found in low levels in the blood. However, when the prostate gland becomes enlarged or cancerous, the levels of PSA in the blood can increase, making it possible to detect these conditions through a simple blood test.
Other prostatic secretory proteins include prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), prostatein, and prolactin-inducible protein (PIP). These proteins are also produced by the prostate gland and have various functions, such as helping to liquefy semen and protecting sperm from the immune system.
It is important to note that while these proteins can provide valuable information about the health of the prostate gland, they are not foolproof indicators of disease. Other factors, such as age, inflammation, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can also affect the levels of these proteins in the blood. Therefore, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and follow-up care.
Spermatozoa are the male reproductive cells, or gametes, that are produced in the testes. They are microscopic, flagellated (tail-equipped) cells that are highly specialized for fertilization. A spermatozoon consists of a head, neck, and tail. The head contains the genetic material within the nucleus, covered by a cap-like structure called the acrosome which contains enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the female's egg (ovum). The long, thin tail propels the sperm forward through fluid, such as semen, enabling its journey towards the egg for fertilization.
Sperm capacitation is a complex process that occurs in the female reproductive tract and prepares sperm for fertilization. It involves a series of biochemical modifications to the sperm's membrane and motility, which enable it to undergo the acrosome reaction and penetrate the zona pellucida surrounding the egg.
The capacitation process typically takes several hours and requires the sperm to be exposed to specific factors in the female reproductive tract, including bicarbonate ions, calcium ions, and certain proteins. During capacitation, cholesterol is removed from the sperm's plasma membrane, which leads to an increase in membrane fluidity and the exposure of receptors that are necessary for binding to the egg.
Capacitation is a critical step in the fertilization process, as it ensures that only sperm that have undergone this process can successfully fertilize the egg. Abnormalities in sperm capacitation have been linked to infertility and other reproductive disorders.
"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.
Proteins are complex, large molecules that play critical roles in the body's functions. They are made up of amino acids, which are organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. They are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues, and they play a crucial role in many biological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and cellular signaling. Proteins can be classified into different types based on their structure and function, such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural proteins. They are found in various foods, especially animal-derived products like meat, dairy, and eggs, as well as plant-based sources like beans, nuts, and grains.
Blood proteins, also known as serum proteins, are a group of complex molecules present in the blood that are essential for various physiological functions. These proteins include albumin, globulins (alpha, beta, and gamma), and fibrinogen. They play crucial roles in maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting hormones, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, providing immune defense, and contributing to blood clotting.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood, accounting for about 60% of the total protein mass. It functions as a transporter of various substances, such as hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and helps maintain oncotic pressure, which is essential for fluid balance between the blood vessels and surrounding tissues.
Globulins are divided into three main categories: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Alpha and beta globulins consist of transport proteins like lipoproteins, hormone-binding proteins, and enzymes. Gamma globulins, also known as immunoglobulins or antibodies, are essential for the immune system's defense against pathogens.
Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting. When an injury occurs, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh to trap platelets and form a clot, preventing excessive bleeding.
Abnormal levels of these proteins can indicate various medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, infections, inflammation, or autoimmune disorders. Blood protein levels are typically measured through laboratory tests like serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).
In the context of medicine, plasma refers to the clear, yellowish fluid that is the liquid component of blood. It's composed of water, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, clotting factors, and other proteins. Plasma serves as a transport medium for cells, nutrients, waste products, gases, and other substances throughout the body. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in the immune response and helps regulate various bodily functions.
Plasma can be collected from blood donors and processed into various therapeutic products, such as clotting factors for people with hemophilia or immunoglobulins for patients with immune deficiencies. This process is called plasma fractionation.
A vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. It involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the prostate gland, to prevent the release of sperm during ejaculation. This procedure is typically performed in an outpatient setting, using local anesthesia, and takes about 20-30 minutes. It is considered a highly effective form of birth control with a low risk of complications. However, it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so additional protection such as condoms may still be necessary.
Sperm motility is the ability of sperm to move actively and effectively through the female reproductive tract towards the egg for fertilization. It is typically measured as the percentage of moving sperm in a sample, and their progressiveness or velocity. Normal human sperm motility is generally defined as forward progression of at least 25 micrometers per second, with at least 50% of sperm showing progressive motility. Reduced sperm motility, also known as asthenozoospermia, can negatively impact fertility and reproductive outcomes.
Asthenozoospermia is a term used in the field of andrology, which is the study of male reproductive health. It refers to a condition where the majority of sperm in a semen sample have reduced motility, meaning they do not move normally or efficiently. This can make it more difficult for the sperm to reach and fertilize an egg, potentially leading to infertility issues.
To be more specific, asthenozoospermia is defined as having less than 40% of sperm with progressive motility, which means they move forward in a straight line or in a large circle. The condition can be caused by various factors, including genetic abnormalities, environmental toxins, infections, and structural issues with the sperm themselves.
It's worth noting that asthenozoospermia is often diagnosed through a semen analysis, which is a routine test used to assess male fertility. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with this condition, it may be helpful to consult with a reproductive endocrinologist or andrologist who can provide more information and guidance on potential treatment options.
New World camelids are a family of mammals (Camelidae) that are native to South America. The family includes four species: the llama (Lama glama), the alpaca (Vicugna pacos), the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), and the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). These animals are characterized by their long necks, long legs, and a pad on their chest instead of a true knee joint. They are known for their ability to survive in harsh environments with limited water and food resources.
Male infertility is a condition characterized by the inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. It is typically defined as the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
The causes of male infertility can be varied and include issues with sperm production, such as low sperm count or poor sperm quality, problems with sperm delivery, such as obstructions in the reproductive tract, or hormonal imbalances that affect sperm production. Other factors that may contribute to male infertility include genetic disorders, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions or treatments.
It is important to note that male infertility can often be treated or managed with medical interventions, such as medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART). A healthcare provider can help diagnose the underlying cause of male infertility and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Erotica is a genre of literature, art, photographs, films, or other media that depicts sexual subject matter in an artistic or aesthetically appealing way. It is intended to evoke sexual feelings and can be used as a means of exploring one's own sexuality or enhancing a romantic relationship. Erotica differs from pornography in that it generally places greater emphasis on the emotional, romantic, or sensual aspects of sexuality, rather than simply focusing on explicit sexual acts.
It is important to note that what may be considered erotic by one person may not be perceived as such by another, and individual preferences can vary widely. Additionally, while some people find erotica to be a healthy and enjoyable form of sexual expression, others may have reservations about its use due to personal, cultural, or religious beliefs.
In medical contexts, the term "erotica" is not typically used, as it is more commonly found in discussions related to art, literature, and media. However, mental health professionals may discuss clients' experiences with erotica as part of a broader conversation about sexuality, relationships, and personal values.
Ejaculation is the discharge of semen, typically accompanied by orgasm, during sexual activity. It occurs when the male reproductive system releases semen from the penis. This process is usually brought on by sexual arousal and stimulation, which cause the sperm-carrying vas deferens to contract and push the semen into the urethra, from where it is expelled through the tip of the penis.
There are two types of ejaculation:
1. **Reflex ejaculation**: This occurs when there is a high level of sexual excitement or stimulation, leading to an involuntary and automatic response.
2. **Premature ejaculation**: This refers to the condition where ejaculation happens too quickly, often before or shortly after penetration, causing distress and affecting sexual satisfaction for both partners.
It is essential to understand that a healthy male can experience variations in the timing of ejaculation throughout their life, influenced by factors such as age, stress levels, and overall health. If you have concerns about your ejaculation patterns or any related issues, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for advice and treatment options.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Pedophilia is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent has a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children, typically younger than 13 years of age. The diagnosis is based on the presence of these feelings, not on any actions taken by the individual. Engaging in sexual activity with a prepubescent child is illegal and considered child abuse, regardless of whether the person has pedophilia.
It's important to note that having pedophilic feelings does not necessarily mean an individual will act on them. Some people with pedophilia are able to maintain celibacy and never engage in sexual activities with children. However, it's crucial for individuals with these feelings to seek professional help to ensure they don't harm others and to address their own emotional and psychological challenges.
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual disorder characterized by an uncontrolled ejaculation either before or shortly after sexual penetration, with minimal sexual stimulation and before the person wishes it. This can cause distress, frustration, and avoidance of sexual intimacy. The exact cause of PE is not fully understood, but it can be associated with psychological factors like anxiety, depression, relationship issues, as well as biological factors such as abnormal hormone levels, genetics, or nerve damage. Treatment options may include behavioral techniques, medications, and counseling.
The buttocks are the rounded part of the lower back, above the hips. They are formed by the masses of muscle tissue (gluteal muscles) and fat that cover the coccyx and sacrum, which are the terminal parts of the vertebral column. The primary function of the gluteal muscles is to provide stability and strength for walking, running, and jumping movements.
In anatomical terms, the buttocks are also known as the natis or nates. Medical professionals may use these terms when discussing conditions or treatments related to this area of the body.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "music" is not a term that has a medical definition. Music is a form of art that uses sound organized in time. It may include elements such as melody, harmony, rhythm, and dynamics. While music can have various psychological and physiological effects on individuals, it is not considered a medical term with a specific diagnosis or treatment application. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!
Blood group antigens are molecular markers found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and sometimes other types of cells in the body. These antigens are proteins, carbohydrates, or glycoproteins that can stimulate an immune response when foreign antigens are introduced into the body.
There are several different blood group systems, but the most well-known is the ABO system, which includes A, B, AB, and O blood groups. The antigens in this system are called ABO antigens. Individuals with type A blood have A antigens on their RBCs, those with type B blood have B antigens, those with type AB blood have both A and B antigens, and those with type O blood have neither A nor B antigens.
Another important blood group system is the Rh system, which includes the D antigen. Individuals who have this antigen are considered Rh-positive, while those who do not have it are considered Rh-negative.
Blood group antigens can cause complications during blood transfusions and pregnancy if there is a mismatch between the donor's or fetus's antigens and the recipient's antibodies. For example, if a person with type A blood receives type B blood, their anti-B antibodies will attack the foreign B antigens on the donated RBCs, causing a potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction. Similarly, if an Rh-negative woman becomes pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus, her immune system may produce anti-D antibodies that can cross the placenta and attack the fetal RBCs, leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn.
It is important for medical professionals to determine a patient's blood group before performing a transfusion or pregnancy-related procedures to avoid these complications.
The ABO blood-group system is a classification system used in blood transfusion medicine to determine the compatibility of donated blood with a recipient's blood. It is based on the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), as well as the corresponding antibodies present in the plasma.
There are four main blood types in the ABO system:
1. Type A: These individuals have A antigens on their RBCs and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
2. Type B: They have B antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
3. Type AB: They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs but no natural antibodies against either A or B antigens.
4. Type O: They do not have any A or B antigens on their RBCs, but they have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
Transfusing blood from a donor with incompatible ABO antigens can lead to an immune response, causing the destruction of donated RBCs and potentially life-threatening complications such as acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Therefore, it is crucial to match the ABO blood type between donors and recipients before performing a blood transfusion.
Fucosyl Galactose alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase is a type of glycosyltransferase enzyme. Its specific function is to transfer a fucose molecule to a galactose molecule that already has an N-acetylgalactosamine attached to it in a alpha-1,3 linkage. This enzymatic reaction plays a role in the biosynthesis of certain complex carbohydrates known as glycoconjugates, which are found on the surface of many cell types and are involved in various biological processes such as cell recognition and signaling.
Oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of relatively small numbers (3-10) of monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic linkages. They occur naturally in foods such as milk, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. In the body, oligosaccharides play important roles in various biological processes, including cell recognition, signaling, and protection against pathogens.
There are several types of oligosaccharides, classified based on their structures and functions. Some common examples include:
1. Disaccharides: These consist of two monosaccharide units, such as sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), and maltose (glucose + glucose).
2. Trisaccharides: These contain three monosaccharide units, like maltotriose (glucose + glucose + glucose) and raffinose (galactose + glucose + fructose).
3. Oligosaccharides found in human milk: Human milk contains unique oligosaccharides that serve as prebiotics, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. These oligosaccharides also help protect infants from pathogens by acting as decoy receptors and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to intestinal cells.
4. N-linked and O-linked glycans: These are oligosaccharides attached to proteins in the body, playing crucial roles in protein folding, stability, and function.
5. Plant-derived oligosaccharides: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are examples of plant-derived oligosaccharides that serve as prebiotics, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.
Overall, oligosaccharides have significant impacts on human health and disease, particularly in relation to gastrointestinal function, immunity, and inflammation.
The Rh-Hr blood group system is a complex system of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), which is separate from the more well-known ABO blood group system. The term "Rh" refers to the Rhesus monkey, as these antigens were first discovered in rhesus macaques.
The Rh system consists of several antigens, but the most important ones are the D antigen (also known as the Rh factor) and the hr/Hr antigens. The D antigen is the one that determines whether a person's blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative. If the D antigen is present, the blood is Rh-positive; if it is absent, the blood is Rh-negative.
The hr/Hr antigens are less well known but can still cause problems in blood transfusions and pregnancy. The Hr antigen is relatively rare, found in only about 1% of the population, while the hr antigen is more common.
When a person with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood (for example, through a transfusion or during pregnancy), their immune system may produce antibodies against the D antigen. This can cause problems if they later receive a transfusion with Rh-positive blood or if they become pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus.
The Rh-Hr blood group system is important in blood transfusions and obstetrics, as it can help ensure that patients receive compatible blood and prevent complications during pregnancy.
Glycosyltransferases are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in the synthesis of glycoconjugates, which are complex carbohydrate structures found on the surface of cells and in various biological fluids. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of a sugar moiety from an activated donor molecule to an acceptor molecule, resulting in the formation of a glycosidic bond.
The donor molecule is typically a nucleotide sugar, such as UDP-glucose or CMP-sialic acid, which provides the energy required for the transfer reaction. The acceptor molecule can be a wide range of substrates, including proteins, lipids, and other carbohydrates.
Glycosyltransferases are highly specific in their activity, with each enzyme recognizing a particular donor and acceptor pair. This specificity allows for the precise regulation of glycan structures, which have been shown to play important roles in various biological processes, including cell recognition, signaling, and adhesion.
Defects in glycosyltransferase function can lead to a variety of genetic disorders, such as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), which are characterized by abnormal glycan structures and a wide range of clinical manifestations, including developmental delay, neurological impairment, and multi-organ dysfunction.
Blood grouping, also known as blood typing, is the process of determining a person's ABO and Rh (Rhesus) blood type. The ABO blood group system includes four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O, based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The Rh blood group system is another important classification system that determines whether the Rh factor (a protein also found on the surface of red blood cells) is present or absent.
Knowing a person's blood type is crucial in transfusion medicine to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood. If a patient receives an incompatible blood type, it can trigger an immune response leading to serious complications such as hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), kidney failure, or even death.
Crossmatching is a laboratory test performed before a blood transfusion to determine the compatibility between the donor's and recipient's blood. It involves mixing a small sample of the donor's red blood cells with the recipient's serum (the liquid portion of the blood containing antibodies) and observing for any agglutination (clumping) or hemolysis. If there is no reaction, the blood is considered compatible, and the transfusion can proceed.
In summary, blood grouping and crossmatching are essential tests in transfusion medicine to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood and prevent adverse reactions that could harm the patient's health.
Cum shot
Facial (sexual act)
PDC-109
Prolactin-induced protein
Fibronectin type II domain
Glycodelin
Protein C inhibitor
MSMB
Semenogelin
Acrosin
SEMG2
SPOCK1
Pushpa Mittra Bhargava
Semen cryopreservation
Prostate-specific antigen
CST4
Prostasomes
Decapacitation factor
Lecithinase C
Sardul Singh Guraya
Semenogelin I
Azoospermia
Pharming (genetics)
Transvaginal oocyte retrieval
Embryo transfer
Mounir Laroussi
Seminal RNase
Semenogelase
Spermidine
PODXL
Epididymal secretory protein E1
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Extremely Unfortunate Things You Can Be Allergic To
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Fluid14
- We report detecting infectious Toscana virus in the seminal fluid of a 25-year-old man from Italy returning from Elba Island. (cdc.gov)
- Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed pleocytosis (88 cells/μL) consisting primarily of polymorphonuclear cells, normal glucose levels, and increased total protein levels (129 mg/dL). (cdc.gov)
- [ 2 ] However, the male genital tract is an HIV reservoir [ 3 ] where viral replication may persist, even in patients with suppressed plasma HIV RNA, and contribute to HIV shedding in seminal fluid. (medscape.com)
- This enzyme participates in the dissolution of the seminal fluid coagulum and plays an important role in fertility. (medscape.com)
- PSA is present in normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant prostatic tissue, in metastatic prostatic carcinoma, and also in prostatic fluid and seminal plasma. (cdc.gov)
- Semenogelin, a major protein in seminal fluid, is cleaved by PSA, and this cleavage is apparently an important part of the liquefaction of semen. (cancernetwork.com)
- Therefore, serum levels of PSA are normally maintained below 4 ng/mL, which corresponds to about 10-6 of the levels of PSA in seminal fluid. (cancernetwork.com)
- Ovulation Induced by Intrauterine Seminal Plasma Increases Total Protein, PGE2, IL-8, and IL-1ß in Uterine Fluid of Llamas ( Lama glama ). (bvsalud.org)
- Seminal vesicles are an important part of the male reproductive accessory system and are involved in the secretion of seminal plasma, a viscous fluid containing several bioactive molecules that support male reproductive function after ejaculation. (asbmb.org)
- Expressed in the seminal plasma, endometrial fluid and follicular fluid (at protein level) (PubMed:23765988). (affbiotech.cn)
- Expressed in the seminal plasma, endometrial fluid and follicular fluid (at protein level). (affbiotech.cn)
- What you absorb every day- from sure meals to different materials- can change the substance composition, which may have a refined end result on the style of your seminal fluid. (gutierrezrios.com)
- On some occasions, men with a vasectomy have changes in their seminal fluid and it becomes more allergenic, says sex doctor in Delhi . (blogsforhealth.cf)
- Since EVs are present in almost all biological fluids, including plasma, urine, seminal fluid, breast milk, serum and faeces, there is a great potential to develop EV-based diagnostic methods that will open up a new window for understanding the host-pathogenic interactions and non-invasive disease investigation. (combivet.ee)
Vesicles5
- Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE . (bvsalud.org)
- Thus, researchers think environmental insults that affect male reproductive function also may affect the seminal vesicles and thereby have an impact on the composition of its secretions. (asbmb.org)
- In a recent study published in the journal Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, David A. Skerrett-Byrne and colleagues at the University of Newcastle, Australia, completed the first proteomic assessment of mouse seminal vesicles and assessed the impact of the reproductive toxicant acrylamide on this tissue.They identified a total of 5,013 proteins in the seminal vesicle proteome and found that 311 of these proteins were altered due to acrylamide exposure. (asbmb.org)
- Testosterone promotes the development of the secondary sex characteristics in men and serves to maintain the function of the prostate and seminal vesicles. (cdc.gov)
- EVs are heterogeneous and membrane-enclosed, nano-vesicles naturally released from cells that can mediate various physiological and pathological functions in recipient cells by acting as cargo carriers for molecules such as proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. (combivet.ee)
Proteomic1
- Objective: To evaluate the effect of orchiectomy on the seminal plasma proteomic profile of men with testicular germ cell tumors. (unifesp.br)
Bovine seminal plasma1
- This study was undertaken to determine whether bovine seminal plasma contained protein markers associated with semen freezability. (scielo.org)
Freezability5
- The present study was performed to compare the expression of sperm proteins, i.e. triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and acrosin binding protein (ACRBP) and seminal plasma proteins, i.e. glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5) and fibronectin 1 (FN1), in boar semen with good, moderate and poor freezability. (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
- In conclusions, boar semen containing a high level of FN1 in seminal plasma has better freezability. (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
- In cattle and sheep the influence of the seminal plasma protein in the semen freezability has been studied. (ivis.org)
- Objectives - The objective of this study was to correlate the results of sperm freezability and protein profile of canine seminal plasma. (ivis.org)
- While markers of boar sperm freezability have been found from sperm cell extracts, little attention has been paid to seminal plasma. (udg.edu)
Fertility4
- Introduction - The seminal plasma is a mean of transport and support of sperm consisting, in the dog, by testicular, prostate and epididymal secretions, and among the biochemical components the proteins are correlated to fertility. (ivis.org)
- SOUZA (2003) found a total of 37 bands and identified a positive correlation between protein bands densitometry of the seminal plasma and in vitro fertility. (ivis.org)
- Objective: The seminal plasma and sperm protein profile is essential for adequate sperm function, and, consequently, for male fertility. (unifesp.br)
- Seminal Plasma: Relevant for Fertility? (nih.gov)
Hypersensitivity3
- This is termed human seminal plasma hypersensitivity. (news-medical.net)
- However, seminal plasma hypersensitivity is a really uncommon condition where an individual is allergic to semen's proteins. (gutierrezrios.com)
- Semen allergy is also known as "plasma human seminal hypersensitivity. (blogsforhealth.cf)
Oxidative stress2
- Ashwagandha improves semen quality by controlling reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress in seminal plasma of infertile men. (mansure.men)
- Introduction: Male infertility can be caused by seminal oxidative stress that lead to sperm damages. (unifesp.br)
Proteome2
- RAW), protein identification and bioinformatic analisys of the diferencial proteome (functional analysis and statistics). (ualg.pt)
- On this basis, the present study compared the fresh seminal plasma proteome of 9 GFEs and 9 PFEs through two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ejaculates were previously classified as GFE or PFE upon their sperm viability and progressive motility assessments at 30 and 240 min post thawing. (udg.edu)
Antigen3
- Master's thesis: Molecular Forms of Prostate specific Antigen-Purification & characterization From Seminal Plasma. (nih.gov)
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)
- 3] Prostate-specific antigen also cleaves one of the six binding proteins of the insulin-like growth factor, IGF BP-3. (cancernetwork.com)
Epithelial cells2
- Normal prostate epithelial cells and benign hyperplastic tissue actually produce more PSA protein than does malignant tissue, and PSA messenger RNA (mRNA) is also expressed at higher levels in benign tissue than in malignant prostate tissue. (cancernetwork.com)
- Exposure of neoplastic cervical epithelial cells to seminal plasma (SP) has been shown to promote the growth of cancer cells in vitro and tumors in vivo by inducing the expression of inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
Vesicle1
- H. Lilja, J. Oldbing, G. Rannevik and C. B. Laurell, "Seminal Vesicle-Secreted Proteins and Their Reactions during Gelation and Liquefaction of Human of Human Semen," Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 80, No. 2, 1987, pp. 281-185. (scirp.org)
Serum5
- Studies from our laboratory have identified and characterized a few unique sperm motility regulatory proteins/glycoproteins from the male reproductive fluids and mammalian blood serum. (intechopen.com)
- The purified sperm motility-initiating protein (MIP) from caprine epididymal plasma as well as the forward motility-stimulating factor (FMSF) and motility-stimulating protein (MSP) from buffalo and goat serum, respectively, have high efficacy to initiate or increase motility in nonmotile or less motile sperm. (intechopen.com)
- 19. Seminal and serum leptin levels in male patients with varicocele and isolated asthenozoospermia before and after repair. (nih.gov)
- Thus, research has been conducted for preparation of antibodies against envelope proteins in blood serum samples of HCV patients. (justia.com)
- Immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative determination of Sample testosterone in human serum and plasma. (cdc.gov)
Peptides1
- His seminal findings in the field of reproduction included the ability of caffeine to stimulate hyperactive motility in mammalian sperm by elevating cellular levels of cAMP (graduate student, University of Wisconsin 1967-72) and the discovery that peptides released into the ocean by sea urchin eggs stimulated sperm motility and acted as chemoattractants by elevating cellular levels of cGMP (postdoctoral student, Vanderbilt University, 1972-1974). (utsouthwestern.edu)
Present in semen3
- Some people, both men and women are known to be allergic to the proteins present in semen. (news-medical.net)
- It refers to a disproportionate reaction of the immune system to a protein present in semen: PSA. (blogsforhealth.cf)
- Everything indicates that the allergen, or factor that triggers the allergy, is a protein present in semen, whose name is PSA. (blogsforhealth.cf)
Cytokines2
- Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. (affbiotech.cn)
- The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to the CXC subfamily of cytokines. (affbiotech.cn)
Glycoproteins1
- Discussions focus on the primary structure of human erythrocyte glycophorins, molecular structure of the MN bloodgroup substance, and genetic variants of glycophorin A. The book also takes a look at the glycoproteins of the human syncytiotrophoblastic plasma membrane and structure and function of a membrane glycoprotein encoded in the adenovirus genome. (elsevier.com)
Spermatogenesis1
- 2017 - English This Symposium was mainly focused on diabetes melllitus type 1 (mouse and human model), gene expression during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis,\nrole of tetraspanins family and other proteins in sperm-egg interaction, role of estrogen receptors (sperm cells) and bisphenol S (oocytes). (nusl.cz)
Lipids1
- M.Pruriens helps in recovering the levels of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and vitamin A, C, and E and corrected fructose in seminal plasma of infertile men. (mansure.men)
Bound5
- Fosfomycin is not bound to plasma proteins. (nih.gov)
- In ARDS and CF, neutrophils produce extracellular DNA bound to granular proteins known as neutrophil extracellular traps, or NETs, which are released in response to bacterial or viral infection, causing the sputum to become viscous. (asbmb.org)
- The text then examines the application of group-specific reagents for hydrophobic labeling and crosslinking of membrane proteins and comparison of secreted and membrane-bound human immunoglobulins M and D. The publication tackles sialoglycoproteins (glycophorins) in the plasma membranes of different cells and their receptor functions and the structures and antigenic properties of human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins. (elsevier.com)
- Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)
- Six proteins were identified that specifically bound ONNV nsP3, ten that bound CHIKV nsP3 and eight that interacted with both. (cdc.gov)
Extracellular1
- Elastin microfibril interface located protein 2 (EMILIN2) is an extracellular glycoprotein associated with cardiovascular development. (biomedcentral.com)
Monoclonal1
- The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in membrane proteins, receptor ligand interactions, and monoclonal antibodies. (elsevier.com)
Characterization2
Markers1
- These two potential markers were further studied by western blot and correlation analysis between protein relative abundances in fresh seminal plasma and regression factors from principal component analyses (PCA) run using post-thawing sperm quality parameters. (udg.edu)
Molecules1
- Topics include solubilization by acylation, influence of supporting media on the aggregation of proteins, solubilization with detergents and organic solvents, and membrane proteins - giant detergent molecules. (elsevier.com)
Mutation1
- In addition to this Dr. Sharma is involved in "determining the non-enzymatic neurotrophic function of NFα1/CPE in mice" where he has characterized the changes in peptide levels of CPE E342Q (a mutation in CPE protein) mice which lacks enzymatic activity and determined the signaling mechanism being regulated by CPE E342Q. (nih.gov)
Purification3
- Experience in protocols of protein extraction, purification, and LCMS sample preparation. (ualg.pt)
- The purification of recombinant protein from the cell lysate was performed by affinity chromatographies exploiting the His-tag as well as an already postulated heparin affinity followed by size exclusion chromatography. (fu-berlin.de)
- This opens up new perspectives for the usage of PAmatrices for the purification of AWN also in its glycosylated isoform from the seminal plasma. (fu-berlin.de)
Recombinant protein1
- Several proteins were identified by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis and four recombinant protein constructs were expressed and used in a multiplex bead assay (MBA) to detect B. duncani-specific antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Secretion1
- Evidence for direct secretion of strontium from the plasma into the intestine is provided by studies in animals. (cdc.gov)
Cryopreservation1
- Isolated proteins and developed cryopreservation technology may also be beneficial in human infertility clinics to increase the chance of fertilization. (intechopen.com)
Vitro1
- EVG C 24 h in SP was at least 23-fold the in vitro protein-unbound 50% effective response (EC 50 ) of HIV-1 clinical isolates (0.04-0.55 ng/mL). (medscape.com)
Enzyme1
- Allergy to a certain enzyme, protein or chemical means the person's immune system overreacts each time it encounters that protein or chemical. (news-medical.net)
Reproductive1
- So the team removed the sperm to examine the seminal plasma, the nutritive brew that helps fuel and protect sperm in the female reproductive tract. (elephant-news.com)
Determined using Wester1
- The expressions of GPX5 and FN1 in seminal plasma and TPI and ACRBP in sperm were determined using Western blot analysis. (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
Serine3
- The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) comprise a structurally related subfamily of serine/threonine kinases which include CaMKI, CaMKII and CaMKIV. (thermofisher.com)
- CaMKII is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) binding and autophosphorylation and has been implicated in regulation of the cell cycle and transcription. (thermofisher.com)
- Serine and threonine residues of two proteins of 15 kDa and 18 kDa became dephosphorylated in hypotonic conditions but remained phosphorylated in hypertonic conditions, suggesting that these protein phosphorylations were not only related to motility activation under hypertonic conditions but also resistant to osmotic pressure. (silverchair.com)
Membrane2
- The results of the lipid- stripe-assays imply that the interaction of AWN with the sperm membrane could be mediated by the proteins affinity to PA. (fu-berlin.de)
- The selection first offers information on H-Y and sex determination and aspects of the difficulties to purify membrane proteins. (elsevier.com)
Motility9
- The seminal plasma protein PDC-109 is one of the major soluble components of the bovine ejaculate and is crucially important for sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
- It was found that, for sperm proteins, the level of TPI was negatively correlated with the post-thawed total sperm motility (r = -0.38, P = 0.029). (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
- For seminal plasma proteins, the level of FN1 in the seminal plasma was positively correlated with the post-thawed total sperm motility (r = 0.37, P = 0.021) and progressive motility (r = 0.39, P = 0.016). (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
- Frozen-thawed sperm motility was positively correlated with the level of FN1 in boar seminal plasma and negatively correlated with TPI in boar spermatozoa. (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
- Motility-promoting proteins may be extremely useful for improving cattle breeding and breeding of endangered species, thereby helping in enhanced production of animal products as well as in the conservation of animals. (intechopen.com)
- Ashwagandha in ManSure inhibits lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content and helps in improving sperm count and sperm motility. (mansure.men)
- Konch Beej is scientifically proven to ameliorate seminal plasma lipid peroxide levels along with improved sperm count and motility. (mansure.men)
- The threonine residue(s) of a 41 kDa protein was also phosphorylated in dry sperm, even in FWT sperm in motility-feasible hypotonic conditions. (silverchair.com)
- It is likely that acclimation of the motility apparatus is associated with modulation of the flow of Ca 2+ to increase [Ca 2+ ]i and protein phosphorylation. (silverchair.com)
Human1
- METHODS: FAP and PREP activities were measured in human EDTA-plasma in presence of well characterized PREP and FAP inhibitors. (inra.fr)
Structural2
- The proline-rich domain in EMILIN2 could provide structural flexibility and unique protein-protein interacting sites. (biomedcentral.com)
- The thus replicated HCV genomic RNA is packaged by the Core protein and envelope proteins (E1 protein and E2 protein), which are structural proteins, so that new viral particles are formed. (justia.com)
Proteomics2
- In a recent study published in the journal Molecular & Cellular Proteomics , Jane Fisher and colleagues at Lund University in Sweden confirmed the presence of NETs in sputum and plasma samples from COVID-19 patients using techniques such as data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, or DIA-MS, and immunofluorescence. (asbmb.org)
- In their recent study published in the journal Molecular & Cellular Proteomics , the researchers describe using these studies to identify glial fibrillary acidic protein, or GFAP, as a biomarker that acts as a cross-species outcome measure. (asbmb.org)
Antioxidant1
- It helps in restoring the seminal plasma levels of antioxidant enzymes and vitamins A, C, and E and corrected fructose. (mansure.men)
Identification1
- Identification of mosquito proteins that differentially interact with alphavirus nonstructural protein 3, a determinant of vector specificity. (cdc.gov)
Exposure2
- The observation of fecal excretion of radioactive strontium weeks to decades after an oral exposure or over shorter time periods after an intravenous exposure suggests the existence of a mechanism for transfer of absorbed strontium into gastrointestinal tract, either from the bile or directly from the plasma (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
- All exposure conditions decreased the levels of mRNAs involved in ribosome function, indicating probable decreased protein production. (nih.gov)
Function3
- A hitherto underappreciated function of seminal plasma is its anti-microbial and antiviral activity, which may limit the sexual transmission of infectious diseases during intercourse. (nih.gov)
- While other EMILIN proteins are reported to play a role in elastogenesis and coagulation, little is known about EMILIN2 function in the cardiovascular system. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the years since the initial groundbreaking discovery of APOL1 risk variants, numerous NIDDK-supported studies have shed light on their important roles in disease risk and the underlying mechanisms of APOL1 protein function, creating new research avenues to improve health in populations at risk. (nih.gov)
Regulatory1
- A seminal review of risk assessment methodology (NRC, 1983) states, "Regulatory actions are based on two distinct elements, risk assessment, and risk management. (nationalacademies.org)
Found3
- Proteins found in SEMEN . (bvsalud.org)
- They also found that a particular protein showed up in almost all of the good samples and almost none of the bad ones. (elephant-news.com)
- They analyzed the sputum and blood plasma after treatment and found both a marked reduction of NETs and reduced dependency on external high-flow oxygen therapy in these patients. (asbmb.org)
Male2
- Methods A phase IV, cross-sectional study was carried out including HIV-1-infected male adults with suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA who switched ART to EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF. (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] The ability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to penetrate into the male genital tract is a key factor for achieving and maintaining seminal HIV suppression and preventing sexual transmission of the virus. (medscape.com)
Concentrations3
- Total EVG concentrations at the end of the dosing interval ( C 24 h ) and HIV-1 RNA were measured in paired seminal plasma (SP) and blood plasma (BP) samples 4 weeks after switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF. (medscape.com)
- Conclusions Seminal EVG concentrations in HIV-infected men treated with EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF sufficed to contribute to maintaining HIV-1 RNA suppression in this compartment. (medscape.com)
- As this information is of interest to determine the ability of this ARV to contribute to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, the aim of this study was to assess EVG concentrations in seminal plasma of men living with HIV (MLWH) receiving EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF. (medscape.com)
Functional1
- 20. Effect of smoking on the functional aspects of sperm and seminal plasma protein profiles in patients with varicocele. (nih.gov)
MRNA1
- In addition, we showed that SP activates EP2/EGFR/PI3kinase-Akt signaling to induce IL-1α mRNA and protein expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproduction1
- Spermadhesins are seminal plasma proteins of ungulates with multiple functions during reproduction. (fu-berlin.de)
Assay2
- Current assays inadequately discriminate between FAP and PREP and there is need for an assay that reliably quantitates the FAP/PREP activity ratio in plasma. (inra.fr)
- CONCLUSION: With this new assay, on average 67% of the Z-Gly-Pro-AMC converting activity in plasma can be attributed to FAP. (inra.fr)
Levels1
- 10. Impact of clinical varicocele and testis size on seminal reactive oxygen species levels in a fertile population: a prospective controlled study. (nih.gov)