Reindeer
Lichens
Alphaherpesvirinae
Setaria Nematode
Arctic Regions
Setariasis
Pseudocowpox virus
Antlers
Ecthyma, Contagious
Role of oestradiol in the regulation of the seasonal antler cycle in female reindeer, Rangifer tarandus. (1/123)
Reindeer (or caribou), Rangifer tarandus, is the only extant species of deer in which females as well as males normally develop antlers that are cast and regrown each year. This study investigated the role of ovarian oestradiol in the regulation of the seasonal antler cycle in female reindeer. Ovariectomized Norwegian reindeer living outdoors in northern Norway (69 degrees N) were treated with continuous-release subcutaneous Silastic implants containing oestradiol, which maintained the blood concentrations of oestradiol within the physiological range for the mating season from June to October-November. The treatment with oestradiol induced the synchronized maturation of the antlers and rapid cleaning of the velvet-like skin in August-September in the ovariectomized reindeer, a pattern very similar to that observed in ovary-intact controls living under the same conditions. The removal of the steroid implant in October-November caused the premature casting of the antlers in early winter in two of five animals, while the remainder cast at the normal time in spring; this response was seen whether the animals had received one or two oestradiol implants in autumn. The antlers developed by the ovariectomized, oestradiol-treated females were significantly heavier and carried more branches than the ovariectomized animals without oestradiol replacement, and were marginally heavier than the antlers of intact controls. These results support the view that oestradiol is the biologically active steroid secreted by the ovary in intact female reindeers that induces the normal development of the antlers. Oestradiol stimulates the growth and mineralization of the antler bone, the cleaning of the velvet, and suppresses the casting of the hard antlers. This endocrine control ensures that the hard antlers, which function as weapons, are retained throughout the autumn and winter when the females are normally pregnant and when competition between females over food in the snow is most intense; hence there is a reproductive advantage to explain the evolution of antlers in females. (+info)Radionuclides in the lichen-caribou-human food chain near uranium mining operations in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. (2/123)
The richest uranium ore bodies ever discovered (Cigar Lake and McArthur River) are presently under development in northeastern Saskatchewan. This subarctic region is also home to several operating uranium mines and aboriginal communities, partly dependent upon caribou for subsistence. Because of concerns over mining impacts and the efficient transfer of airborne radionuclides through the lichen-caribou-human food chain, radionuclides were analyzed in tissues from 18 barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). Radionuclides included uranium (U), radium (226Ra), lead (210Pb), and polonium (210Po) from the uranium decay series; the fission product (137Cs) from fallout; and naturally occurring potassium (40K). Natural background radiation doses average 2-4 mSv/year from cosmic rays, external gamma rays, radon inhalation, and ingestion of food items. The ingestion of 210Po and 137Cs when caribou are consumed adds to these background doses. The dose increment was 0.85 mSv/year for adults who consumed 100 g of caribou meat per day and up to 1.7 mSv/year if one liver and 10 kidneys per year were also consumed. We discuss the cancer risk from these doses. Concentration ratios (CRs), relating caribou tissues to lichens or rumen (stomach) contents, were calculated to estimate food chain transfer. The CRs for caribou muscle ranged from 1 to 16% for U, 6 to 25% for 226Ra, 1 to 2% for 210Pb, 6 to 26% for 210Po, 260 to 370% for 137Cs, and 76 to 130% for 40K, with 137Cs biomagnifying by a factor of 3-4. These CRs are useful in predicting caribou meat concentrations from the lichens, measured in monitoring programs, for the future evaluation of uranium mining impacts on this critical food chain. (+info)Genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups and implications for classification. (3/123)
The complete Npro coding sequences were determined for 16 pestiviruses isolated from cattle, pig, and several wild ruminant species including reindeer, bison, deer, and bongo. Phylogenetic analysis enabled the segregation of pestiviruses into the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). For BVDV-1 five distinct subgroups were identified, while BVDV-2, BDV, and CSFV were each subdivided into two subgroups. The virus isolates from bongo and deer as well as one porcine virus isolate belong to BVDV-1. Interestingly, the isolates from reindeer and bison are distinct from the established pestivirus species. The Npro sequences from these two viruses are more similar to BDV than to the other pestivirus species. Calculation of the pairwise evolutionary distances allowed a clear separation of the categories species, subgroup, and isolate only when the reindeer/bison viruses were considered as members of an additional pestivirus species. Furthermore, the entire E2 coding sequences of a representative set of virus isolates covering all recognized species and subgroups were studied. Segregation of pestiviruses based on the E2 region was identical with that obtained with the N(pro) sequences. (+info)Molecular characterization of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals. (4/123)
Recently, gram-negative bacteria isolated from a variety of marine mammals have been identified as Brucella species by conventional phenotypic analysis. This study found the 16S rRNA gene from one representative isolate was identical to the homologous sequences of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. canis, and B. suis. IS711-based DNA fingerprinting of 23 isolates from marine mammals showed all the isolates differed from the classical Brucella species. In general, fingerprint patterns grouped by host species. The data suggest that the marine mammal isolates are distinct types of Brucella and not one of the classical species or biovars invading new host species. In keeping with historical precedent, the designation of several new Brucella species may be appropriate. (+info)Genomic differentiation of Neanderthals and anatomically modern man allows a fossil-DNA-based classification of morphologically indistinguishable hominid bones. (5/123)
Southern blot hybridizations of genomic DNA were introduced as a relatively simple fossil-DNA-based approach to classify remains of Neanderthals. When hybridized with genomic DNA of either human or Neanderthal origin, DNA extracted from two Neanderthal finds-the Os parietale, from Warendorf-Neuwarendorf, Germany, and a clavicula, from Krapina, Croatia-was shown to yield hybridization signals that differ by at least a factor of two compared to the signals obtained with the use of fossil DNA of an early Homo sapiens from the Vogelherd cave (Stetten I), Germany. When labeled chimpanzee DNA was used as a probe, Neanderthal and human DNA, however, revealed hybridization signals of similar intensity. Thus, the genome of Neanderthals is expected to differ significantly from the genome of anatomically modern man, because of the contrasting composition of repetitive DNA. These data support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were not ancestors of anatomically modern man. (+info)Evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. (6/123)
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae comprises four species, namely Bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, Border disease virus (BDV), and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (Giraffe-1) and reindeer (Reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (Becher et al., Virology 262, 64--71, 1999). In this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains Giraffe-1 and Reindeer-1. Comparative sequence analyses revealed considerable differences among Giraffe-1, Reindeer-1, and the currently recognized pestivirus species. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete coding sequences of these two strains, along with 13 other sequences representing the four established species, indicated that CSFV, BDV, and Reindeer-1 have bifurcated from one common branch and BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 from another. In the former branch BDV and the pestivirus from reindeer are more similar to each other than to CSFV. The giraffe pestivirus is equally distinct from both major branches. In addition, the antigenic relatedness of pestivirus isolates covering the observed major genetic groups was studied by cross-neutralization assays. A clustering procedure on the basis of antigenic differences indicated the presence of six major groups corresponding to the genetically defined groups. Taken together, the results of our analyses addressing both nucleotide sequence relatedness and serological relatedness argue for the inclusion of Giraffe-1 and Reindeer-1 as the first members of two separate novel species within the genus Pestivirus. (+info)Wet belly in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in relation to body condition, body temperature and blood constituents. (7/123)
Wet belly, when the reindeer becomes wet over the lower parts of the thorax and abdomen, sometimes occurs in reindeer during feeding. In a feeding experiment, 11 out of 69 reindeer were affected by wet belly. The problem was first observed in 7 animals during a period of restricted feed intake. When the animals were then fed standard rations, 3 additional animals fed only silage, and 1 fed pellets and silage, became wet. Four animals died and 1 had to be euthanized. To investigate why reindeer developed wet belly, we compared data from healthy reindeer and reindeer affected by wet belly. Urea, plasma protein, glucose, insulin and cortisol were affected by restricted feed intake or by diet but did not generally differ between healthy reindeer and those with wet belly. The wet animals had low body temperature and the deaths occurred during a period of especially cold weather. Animals that died were emaciated and showed different signs of infections and stress. In a second experiment, with 20 reindeer, the feeding procedure of the most affected group in the first experiment was repeated, but none of the reindeer showed any signs of wet belly. The study shows that wet belly is not induced by any specific diet and may affect also lichen-fed reindeer. The fluid making the fur wet was proven to be of internal origin. Mortality was caused by emaciation, probably secondary to reduced energy intake caused by diseases and/or unsuitable feed. (+info)The role of parasites in the dynamics of a reindeer population. (8/123)
Even though theoretical models show that parasites may regulate host population densities, few empirical studies have given support to this hypothesis. We present experimental and observational evidence for a host-parasite interaction where the parasite has sufficient impact on host population dynamics for regulation to occur. During a six year study of the Svalbard reindeer and its parasitic gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia gruehneri we found that anthelminthic treatment in April-May increased the probability of a reindeer having a calf in the next year, compared with untreated controls. However, treatment did not influence the over-winter survival of the reindeer. The annual variation in the degree to which parasites depressed fecundity was positively related to the abundance of O. gruehneri infection the previous October, which in turn was related to host density two years earlier. In addition to the treatment effect, there was a strong negative effect of winter precipitation on the probability of female reindeer having a calf. A simple matrix model was parameterized using estimates from our experimental and observational data. This model shows that the parasite-mediated effect on fecundity was sufficient to regulate reindeer densities around observed host densities. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "reindeer" is not a medical term. It is a large species of deer that is native to the Arctic and Subarctic regions of Europe, Siberia, and Greenland. They are known for their impressive antlers and their ability to survive in harsh, cold climates. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help!
Lichens are not a medical term, but I can provide a biological definition for you. Lichens are unique symbiotic organisms that result from the mutualistic relationship between fungi (usually Ascomycetes) and photosynthetic partners, such as algae or cyanobacteria. The fungal partner provides protection and anchorage, while the photosynthetic partner supplies carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Lichens are widely distributed and can be found growing on various substrates, including rocks, trees, and soil. They play essential ecological roles, such as soil stabilization, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and biomonitoring of air pollution.
'Alphaherpesvirinae' is a subfamily of viruses within the family Herpesviridae. These viruses are characterized by their ability to establish latency in neurons and undergo rapid replication. The subfamily includes several human pathogens, such as:
1. Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1, or HSV-1): also known as herpes simplex virus type 1, it primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores) but can also cause genital herpes.
2. Human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2, or HSV-2): also known as herpes simplex virus type 2, it mainly causes genital herpes, although it can also cause oral herpes.
3. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV, or HHV-3): responsible for causing both chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster) infections.
After the initial infection, these viruses can remain dormant in the nervous system and reactivate later, leading to recurrent symptoms.
Setaria nematodes are a type of roundworm that belongs to the family Setariidae. These parasitic worms primarily infect birds, but some species can also infect mammals, including humans. The most common Setaria nematode that infects humans is Setaria digitata, which is found mainly in Asia and is transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater snails or fish.
In humans, Setaria nematodes typically cause mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. However, in some cases, they can lead to the development of eosinophilic meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, which can cause headaches, stiff neck, fever, and other neurological symptoms.
Setaria nematodes have a complex life cycle that involves several hosts, including snails, fish, and birds. Humans can become accidental hosts when they ingest infective larvae present in contaminated food or water. Once inside the human body, the larvae migrate to various tissues, such as the brain, eyes, or subcutaneous tissue, where they mature into adults and produce eggs. The eggs are then excreted from the body through feces or other bodily fluids.
Preventing Setaria nematode infections involves avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater snails or fish and practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly before eating or preparing food. In cases where infection occurs, treatment typically involves administering anthelmintic drugs to kill the worms and alleviate symptoms.
The Arctic region is not a medical term per se, but it is a geographical and environmental term that can have health-related implications. The Arctic is defined as the region surrounding the North Pole, encompassing the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Greenland (Denmark), Russia, the United States (Alaska), Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. It is characterized by its cold climate, permafrost, and unique ecosystems.
Exposure to the harsh Arctic environment can pose significant health risks, such as hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related injuries. Additionally, the Arctic region has been impacted by climate change, leading to changes in the distribution of wildlife, which can have implications for food security and infectious disease transmission.
Therefore, while not a medical term itself, understanding the Arctic regions and their unique environmental and health challenges is important in fields such as wilderness medicine, environmental health, and public health.
Setariasis is a cutaneous and subcutaneous infestation caused by the larval stage of the parasitic worm, Setaria cervi or Setaria digitata. These worms are commonly known as pork tapeworms or cattle threadworms. The larvae typically migrate to various body tissues, including the eyes, brain, and spinal cord, causing a range of symptoms depending on the site of infection.
In humans, setariasis is usually contracted through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from infected animals. However, it's essential to note that human infections with Setaria are rare, and the condition is more commonly seen in veterinary medicine.
The symptoms of setariasis can vary widely depending on the location and extent of the infestation. In some cases, there may be no noticeable symptoms at all. However, when symptoms do occur, they might include skin rashes or lesions, eye inflammation or vision problems, neurological symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or difficulty coordinating movements, and in severe cases, organ damage or failure.
Diagnosis of setariasis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests to detect the presence of the parasite's larvae in bodily fluids or tissues. Treatment usually involves anti-parasitic medications to kill the worms, as well as supportive care to manage any associated symptoms or complications.
Pseudocowpox virus, also known as Parapoxvirus of cows, is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Poxviridae and genus Parapoxvirus. It primarily infects cattle, causing a disease called pseudocowpox or paravaccinia, which is characterized by the formation of scabby lesions on the teats and udders of infected animals. The virus can also incidentally infect humans, mainly through close contact with infected animals or their contaminated materials, causing a condition known as milker's nodules or paravaccinia in humans. However, it is essential to note that pseudocowpox virus is not related to the cowpox virus, which is a different species within the Orthopoxvirus genus.
Antlers are defined in medical terminology as the continuously growing, branched bony appendages that arise from the skull of members of the Cervidae family, which includes deer, elk, and moose. Antler growth and development are unique to this group of animals and are under the control of hormones and genetics. They serve as a means of defense, dominance display, and sexual selection.
During the growth phase, antlers are covered with highly vascular skin called "velvet," which provides nutrients for the rapid growth of bone. Once growth is complete, typically in late summer, the velvet is shed, revealing the hard, bony antler structure. The antlers are then used by males during the mating season as a tool to compete for females and establish dominance hierarchies.
In some species, only males grow antlers, while in others, both males and females develop them. After the mating season, the animals shed their antlers, which regenerate the following year. The study of antlers is known as palynology.
Contagious ecthyma is a skin infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. It is also known as "contagious pustular dermatosis" or "infectious ecthyma." The infection typically affects exposed areas of the body, such as the hands and feet, and causes lesions that progress from papules to pustules, then to shallow ulcers with a necrotic base.
The infection is spread through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. It is more common in people with weakened immune systems, poor hygiene, or who live in crowded conditions. Contagious ecthyma can be treated with antibiotics, either topical or systemic, and good wound care to prevent secondary infections. If left untreated, the infection can lead to complications such as cellulitis, lymphangitis, or bacteremia.
Emaciation is a state of extreme leanness or thinness, often due to lack of nutrition or disease. It is characterized by significant loss of body fat and muscle mass, resulting in a noticeable decrease in overall body weight. Emaciation can be a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention and treatment. In addition to malnutrition and various diseases, emaciation can also result from substance abuse, eating disorders, or mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you are experiencing unexplained weight loss or signs of emaciation.
Reindeer
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Reindeer River (Saskatchewan)
Reindeer - Wikipedia
The Eight Reindeer Monologues
Reindeer pest Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Google Reindeer In Seattle
Surprising Truths About Santa's Reindeer | Live Science
ICE! - Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
The Reindeer People | On Point
How to Make a Birch Wood Reindeer | ehow
Santa's Reindeer: Job Application Worksheet - EnchantedLearning.com
Smashwords - The Raven And The Reindeer
Castaldo's Corner: Reindeer Games | Education World
Rudolph-the-Red-Nosed-Reindeer Posts
Christmas Craft: Wine Cork Reindeer - Biltmore
Cadbury Reindeer Cakes | Waitrose & Partners
Daily Illuminator: Munchkin Reindeer Games Launch Kit
Smoked Reindeer Heart - Gastro Obscura
Wine Cork Reindeer - Curbly
Reindeer | Photo, Information
Candy Cane Reindeer
Xmas Crisis for Canada's Iconic Reindeer | Dissident Voice
Reindeer On Parade Sweater Dress | ModCloth
Norway's radioactive reindeer | Barentsobserver
Elf Pets®: A Reindeer Tradition by Bell, Hardcover | Barnes & Noble®
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (My Reader, Level 2)
Cute Reindeer Coloring Page • FREE Printable PDF from PrimaryGames
Reindeer with Gifts Ornament - Gump's
Hand Carved Reindeer Bowl | VivaTerra
Herders13
- To cope with the fluctuations reindeer herders and food safety boards have come up with a few ways to keep radioactive reindeer meat out of stores and off dinner plates. (barentsobserver.com)
- By quickly slaughtering reindeer that are beginning to starve after unseasonable rain, herders can ease animal suffering, reduce the amount of meat wasted by the tragedy, and avoid losing even more animals due to competition for scarce resources. (popsci.com)
- Now is the risk window, and if it happens again, it will be a major problem for traditional reindeer herders still suffering from losses in 2013. (newscientist.com)
- Prevailing winds blew the clouds over the southernmost tip of the peninsula, where indigenous Yamal Nenet herders were leading huge reindeer herds south. (newscientist.com)
- A repeat of such conditions this year could mean a double blow for reindeer and herders on the peninsula, because a huge cull of 250,00 reindeer is planned this Christmas to deal with claimed overgrazing issues and stamp out an anthrax outbreak in the animals. (newscientist.com)
- This spread anthrax to other reindeer and, ultimately, to herders and their families, leading the Russian authorities to order emergency culling and vaccination of reindeer in the region. (newscientist.com)
- As reindeer herders, the Sami families raise and take care of their herds and that of fellow Sami herders as well. (tripadvisor.co.uk)
- Sirges is the largest Sami village in Sweden and contains some 300 inhabitants of which 90 are reindeer herders. (icenews.is)
- Not only for the reindeer that suffered but for the herders who were helpless to save their animals. (icenews.is)
- For instance, in The Reindeer Herders , the production team follows three young S mi reindeer herders, two from Sweden and one from Norway. (lu.se)
- Pekkarinen (1992) evaluated an educational program for reindeer herders in Finland and found a 43% decrease in injury rate. (cdc.gov)
- Radiation doses from global fallout and cancer incidence among reindeer herders and Sami in Northern Finland. (bvsalud.org)
- She also highlighted the growing internal conflict between the "true" Sami population (reindeer herders) and other Sami (hunters and fishers). (lu.se)
Starring Santa's reindeer1
- Along with festive ice sculptures and scenes starring Santa's reindeer, families can enjoy five ice slides and a life-size Nativity. (dallasnews.com)
Rudolph12
- Then they can color the tip of the nose black (or red, if they want to create a Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer picture). (educationworld.com)
- Rudolph is a different kind of reindeer: he has a red. (macmillan.com)
- When all the other reindeer laugh at him, Rudolph runs away. (macmillan.com)
- CBS's traditional airing of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer scored 12.2 million viewers last week, beating out all other holiday fare of grinches, Santas, country carolers and tree lightings, Nielsen said. (macmillan.com)
- We've all heard the story of Rudolph, the reindeer that saved Christmas because of his bright red nose. (neatorama.com)
- But while a nose that shines like a beacon through the fog may be the stuff of fantasy, Rudolph is far from the only reindeer with a red nose. (neatorama.com)
- Inflatable Small Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer ® - 12 Pc. (orientaltrading.com)
- Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer ® Backdrop Banner - 3 Pc. (orientaltrading.com)
- 25" Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer ® Hanging Swirl Decorations - 12 Pc. (orientaltrading.com)
- Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer ® Party Chair Covers - 4 Pc. (orientaltrading.com)
- Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer ® Christmas Cutouts - 6 Pc. (orientaltrading.com)
- Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer had a very shiny nose, goes the holiday classic. (lu.se)
Antlers6
- Male ("bull") and female ("cow") reindeer can grow antlers annually, although the proportion of females that grow antlers varies greatly between populations. (wikipedia.org)
- Male reindeer shed their antlers at the end of the mating season in early December. (livescience.com)
- Unlike the white-tailed deer, both male and female reindeer have antlers. (educationworld.com)
- All you have to do to make a candy cane reindeer is to glue a red pompom on a candy cane as a nose, 2 googly eyes above it and a small brown pipe cleaner twisted on top for antlers. (mamalisa.com)
- The fuzzy skin nourishes the antler tissue, helping the reindeer regrow their antlers every year. (nationalgeographic.com)
- reindeer are, therefore, able to grow a completely new full set of antlers on a yearly basis! (activitiesabroad.com)
20232
- We had such a lovely, interesting & cultural 2-hour visit to Angeli Reindeer Farm in January 2023. (tripadvisor.co.uk)
- Today, I'm extending my research area to cover reindeer impacts on wetlands in the project Renbetets påverkan på kolbalansen av subarktisk våtmark ( Depicting reindeer impacts on the carbon balance of subarctic wetlands ) funded by FORMAS (2020-2023). (lu.se)
Rangifer5
- The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. (wikipedia.org)
- Reindeer and Caribou are two names for the same species ( Rangifer tarandus ), with reindeer generally referring to the domesticated variety that are herded by humans and pull sleds. (livescience.com)
- Caribou stags, Rangifer tarandus Reindeer, graze amongst the fall foliage of the Denali National Park of Alaska. (hickerphoto.com)
- A fraction of reindeer-the species of deer scientifically known as Rangifer tarandus, native to Arctic regions in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Russia and Scandinavia-actually do have noses colored with a distinctive red hue. (neatorama.com)
- Similar cases have also been described RD86, suggesting that PVNZ could be the cause of the during 1992 in Finland and Norway in reindeer ( Rangifer disease. (cdc.gov)
Herd6
- Reindeer occur in both migratory and sedentary populations, and their herd sizes vary greatly in different regions. (wikipedia.org)
- A reindeer herd which was once the largest in the world has shrunk to a fraction of its former size, official surveys have revealed . (dissidentvoice.org)
- Reuters reports that this reindeer boom is a boon for Arctic foxes, who feast upon weak and sick members of the herd as they die. (popsci.com)
- Custom made for your special "herd", this colorful keepsake features a smiling reindeer family of 3 all bundled up in glittering hats and scarves of red, blue and green. (bronners.com)
- A herd of over 400 reindeer have drowned after the ice they were crossing gave way, sending them plunging into freezing waters. (icenews.is)
- She blamed the divide on unequal laws, with the former getting exclusive rights to herd reindeer, fish and hunt, while the rest being forced to give up their occupation and traditions due to laws banning these activities. (lu.se)
Santa's2
- Teacher instructions: Have students unscramble the words associated with Santa's Reindeer. (apples4theteacher.com)
- In truth, I intended this cartoon to be about the reaction of Santa's reindeer to Palin being an avid hunter and killer of all things not human , and nothing to do with politics at all. (blogspot.com)
Starvation of 61,0002
- A recent study found that the starvation of 61,000 reindeer in Siberia could be tied to the icy consequences of global warming. (popsci.com)
- In 2013, these events led to the starvation of 61,000 of the 275,000 reindeer on the peninsula. (newscientist.com)
Sami4
- However there hasn't been much research done on the effects of eating radioactive reindeer meat - an issue that, if there are any dangers, would likely affect the Sami communities first because of their reindeer-rich diets. (barentsobserver.com)
- Not only feeding the reindeer, but learning about the Sami culture. (tripadvisor.co.uk)
- The ice suddenly gave way and hundreds of reindeer fell into the water," said the chairman of the Sirges Sami settlement in Jokkmokk Bertil Kielatis. (icenews.is)
- Skerk fears that, "Hundreds and thousands of years of knowledge will go to waste", if traditional Sami knowledge, such as local knowledge related to reindeer herding, stories tied to specific places, amongst other things, aren't passed down to the next generations. (lu.se)
Santa8
- In some traditional Christmas legends, Santa Claus's reindeer pull a sleigh through the night sky to help Santa Claus deliver gifts to good children on Christmas Eve. (wikipedia.org)
- Have we got the show for you: eight reindeer unleash about the real Santa. (brownpapertickets.com)
- The Eight Reindeer Monologues is an adult raw telling of what really is going on up at the North Pole with Santa and his reindeer. (brownpapertickets.com)
- The decline of reindeer is a hot topic to more than just Santa and millions of children around the world. (livescience.com)
- Santa won't have to worry about his reindeer waking up the kids (at least those without bells around their necks). (livescience.com)
- And this might be why Santa chose an all-female crew: Male reindeer carry as little as 5 percent body fat when Christmas rolls around, having lost much of their fatty stores during the mating season. (livescience.com)
- If you think reindeer only fly in Santa stories, think again. (wbur.org)
- If drones delivered the packages, Santa and the reindeer could remotely control deliveries while curled up by the fire. (cdc.gov)
Herder5
- Spend a peaceful 2 hours with a local reindeer herder connecting with nature, reindeer and wild birds. (tripadvisor.co.uk)
- telling us that he is a reindeer herder before he led us towards his reindeer , about 30 metres away. (activitiesabroad.com)
- Coffee and tea were offered around the group and the reindeer herder began to speak in his beautiful Finnish tone, telling us about the way of a reindeer herder . (activitiesabroad.com)
- On the journey home I heard voices in the group try and rationalise how they can change their lives to be more like that of a reindeer herder ! (activitiesabroad.com)
- However, the young S mi people tend to get ridiculed, especially in scenes where reindeer herder Ber-Jon explains his dating life. (lu.se)
Caribou6
- More recent studies suggest the splitting of reindeer and caribou into six distinct species over their range. (wikipedia.org)
- Reindeer vary greatly in size and color from the smallest, the Svalbard reindeer (R. (t.) platyrhynchus), to the largest, Osborn's caribou (R. t. osborni). (wikipedia.org)
- Eurasian mountain reindeer (R. t. tarandus) are close to North American caribou genetically and visually, but with sufficient differences to warrant division into two species. (wikipedia.org)
- Such reindeer live mostly in Scandinavia and Siberia and are typically smaller with shorter legs than their wild caribou relatives. (livescience.com)
- In Siberia, caribou are called "wild" reindeer. (livescience.com)
- The reindeer, known as caribou in North America, is central to the lives and culture of many indigenous peoples in the sub-Arctic. (dissidentvoice.org)
Rudolph's1
- Dutch and Norwegian researchers have previously discovered why Rudolph's nose is red, describing a rich supply of blood to the reindeer mule to keep it from freezing. (lu.se)
Noses2
- They may not have red noses, but Norway's reindeer may be glowing in another sense this fall. (barentsobserver.com)
- The study involved infrared imaging, comparing reindeer and human noses, and putting reindeer on a treadmill! (neatorama.com)
Lapland3
- Reindeer are used to sporadic ice cover, and adult males can normally smash through ice around 2 centimetres thick," says Bruce Forbes at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland, who led the study. (newscientist.com)
- This week has been northern Scandinavia's turn under the sizzling klieg lights, including Lapland (Sápmi), the region of northern Scandinavia famed for its reindeer and often associated with Christmas. (wunderground.com)
- My previous research at the University of Oulu and the University of Lapland has touched upon reindeer effects on the biogeochemical fluxes and carbon storage, concentrating on the effects mediated by plant communities. (lu.se)
20171
- Role - released December 20, 2017 as part of Reindeer. (metacpan.org)
Siberia3
- In northeast Siberia, in the coldest inhabited country on earth, in the shaman stories of the Eveny people, reindeer fly all the time. (wbur.org)
- Hear a winter's tale of the "reindeer people" and soul-voyaging in Siberia. (wbur.org)
- His new book is "The Reindeer People: Living with Animals and Spirits in Siberia. (wbur.org)
Ornament4
- You can hang it on your tree as an ornament or play with him like a puppet reindeer. (mamalisa.com)
- Needle-felted wool reindeer ornament feels right at home on your holiday tree. (serrv.org)
- This adorable reindeer is the perfect addition to my grandson's traditional deer ornament collection. (serrv.org)
- Please select " ADD TO CART " to personalize this reindeer family of 3 ornament with 1st Name/Adult (up to 9 characters), 2nd Name/Child (up to 9 characters), and 3rd Name/Adult (up to 9 characters). (bronners.com)
Deer4
- Reindeer are the only successfully semi-domesticated deer on a large scale in the world, and both wild and domestic reindeer have been an important source of food, clothing, and shelter for Arctic people throughout history and are still herded and hunted today. (wikipedia.org)
- Reindeer are relatives of white-tailed deer. (educationworld.com)
- Reindeer become the most talked-about deer during the winter months. (educationworld.com)
- We amplifi ed the forms in reindeer were shown to be closely related to OV vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) gene of the virus and PCPV, excluding the circulation of PVNZ in red deer isolates ( 7 ), which enabled us to obtain a specifi c these countries ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Finland1
- The Finnish forest reindeer (R. t. fennicus) is spottily distributed in the coniferous forest zones from Finland to east of Lake Baikal: the Siberian forest reindeer (R. t. valentinae, formerly called the Busk Mountains reindeer (R. t. buskensis) by American taxonomists) occupies the Altai and Ural Mountains. (wikipedia.org)
Cows2
- They use the reindeer for many things, just as we use cows. (educationworld.com)
- These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo. (bvsalud.org)
Nose2
- To really give your reindeer personality, add a small red bead for his nose, then tie a charm or bell on the raffia and hang it around the neck. (biltmore.com)
- 1991-2012 caused by the reindeer veloped at the root of his nose, where nostic delay in patients 3-6, 8, and warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi (on- a new swelling appeared 4 days later. (cdc.gov)
Sleigh2
- With the help of our reindeer herding guides, we sat in the sleigh and were then led steadily around a beautiful trail. (activitiesabroad.com)
- Incredibly relaxed after our little journey around the snowy woods, we left our reindeer sleigh and headed into the Kota where a warming fire greeted us and we took our seats around it. (activitiesabroad.com)
Sweden4
- About 25,000 mountain reindeer (R. t. tarandus) still live in the mountains of Norway, notably in Hardangervidda, with smaller numbers in Sweden. (wikipedia.org)
- While visiting Sweden, there are many foods that everybody tells you to try: meatballs, lingonberries, and of course reindeer meat. (atlasobscura.com)
- In Sweden, particularly in the North, smoked reindeer heart is a delicacy. (atlasobscura.com)
- A closeup of this reindeer in Sweden shows a few remaining patches of velvet. (nationalgeographic.com)
Meat2
- Since early hunters made use of every part of the animal, reindeer meat comes in a multitude of forms, from dried, jerky-like strips to nicely roasted fillets to hearty, offal-based stews. (atlasobscura.com)
- It took me a while, but I eventually got the "reindeer meat" connection. (blogspot.com)
Herds1
- Russia manages 19 herds of Siberian tundra reindeer (R. t. sibiricus) that total about 940,000. (wikipedia.org)
Tundra1
- In Eurasia, both wild and domestic reindeer are distributed across the tundra and into the taiga. (wikipedia.org)
Adult2
- From simple and easy Christmas images to elaborate adult designs, we have all of the best printable Cute Reindeer coloring pages. (primarygames.com)
- The weight of the average adult reindeer in Svalbard, an archipelago in the Norwegian Arctic, has gone down by 12 percent in the last 16 years. (popsci.com)
Svalbard1
- The unique, insular Svalbard reindeer inhabits the Svalbard Archipelago. (wikipedia.org)
Arctic3
- Tens of thousands of reindeer in Arctic Russia starved to death in 2006 and 2013 because of unusual weather linked to global warming. (newscientist.com)
- I am a plant ecologist interested in reindeer impacts on arctic ecosystem processes. (lu.se)
- During my previous post-doctoral project in Lund (March 2018 - March 2020), I learned methods in plant physiology and fungal ecology to study reindeer impacts on arctic ecosystems from different angles. (lu.se)
Delicacy1
- Nonetheless, traces of the radioactive isotopes pop up every summer in the plant life - particularly the gypsy mushroom, a delicacy for both humans and reindeer. (barentsobserver.com)
Figurines1
- Reindeer figurines hand-crafted from birch wood make charming Christmas decorations that fit with a rustic or Scandinavian style of holiday home decor. (ehow.com)
Christmas5
- Craft tiny reindeer to hang as small Christmas tree ornaments, or create a medium-sized reindeer family as table decor, or a larger reindeer set for outdoor Christmas decorations on the lawn or by the front door. (ehow.com)
- Mark the remaining log at a length suitable for the head of the Christmas reindeer. (ehow.com)
- Students might even see a reindeer in a petting zoo or a Christmas festival this winter. (educationworld.com)
- You can color this beautiful Cute Reindeer coloring page and many more Christmas themed coloring sheets. (primarygames.com)
- The reindeer are different to the ones we see on Christmas movies. (activitiesabroad.com)
Decorations1
- Birch logs are ideal as the basis for these reindeer decorations due to the attractive papery texture and wintry vibe of birch bark. (ehow.com)
Festive1
- These fun, festive reindeer are sure to add holiday cheer to any room in your home. (biltmore.com)
Https1
- Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reindeer%20pest. (merriam-webster.com)
Anthrax2
- At least one child died and 90 people were hospitalised in August after an anthrax outbreak blamed on the thawing of an anthrax-infected reindeer corpse. (newscientist.com)
- Anthrax, which can occur naturally in soil, also has killed thousands of animals, from cattle in North Dakota to reindeer in Russia. (cdc.gov)
Adorable1
- This adorable Winter Reindeer Pillow blissfully announces the arrival of the holiday season in contemporary-chic style. (lordandtaylor.com)
Twigs2
- They need to be strong enough for the reindeer to stand straight, so avoid overly thin or flexible twigs. (ehow.com)
- Reindeer made from wine corks and twigs are inexpensive and easy to make. (biltmore.com)
Colorful1
- Two million pounds of colorful hand-carved ice bring the story of the Red-Nosed Reindeer to life for the 15th annual ICE! (dallasnews.com)
Humans1
- Reindeer numbers have dropped nearly 60 percent in the last three decades due to climate change and habitat disturbance caused by humans, a study in 2009 found. (livescience.com)
Tend1
- Female reindeer tend to communicate mainly in the first months after the birth of offspring in summer, while males vocalize exclusively during the autumn mating season. (livescience.com)
Climate1
- To make matters worse, climate change inflicts a sort of one-two punch on these animals: Warmer summers (and the abundant food that comes along with the balmy weather) mean that the number of reindeer are increasing, even as they wind up smaller on average. (popsci.com)
Live1
- Today most S mi live just like any other people in the Nordic or Russian societies, but with a small part of the population still tied to the more traditional life of reindeer herding and hunting. (lu.se)
Wild2
- Wild reindeer "may well be the species of single greatest importance in the entire anthropological literature on hunting. (wikipedia.org)
- A " State of the Environment " report, released by the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority this week, found elevated caesium-137 levels in wild reindeer living in the Våga reinlag AS in central Jotunheimen National Park. (barentsobserver.com)
Holiday1
- As a DIY holiday decor project, birch reindeer require some basic woodworking tools and skills, but are definitely achievable for beginners. (ehow.com)
Make2
- Warmer winters-ones filled with less snow and more rain-make for hungrier reindeer. (popsci.com)
- They make thread for sewing from reindeer tendons, fish scales to make purses, fish vertebrae as beads for crafts just to name a few. (tripadvisor.co.uk)
Family1
- Showcasing a family of reindeer frolicking together amidst finely stitched snowflakes, this lovely accessory seamlessly accents any room. (lordandtaylor.com)
Games3
- We've done a few in the past, and we're doing one for Munchkin Reindeer Games -- buy a full 10-unit display and recieve a Munchkin Booster POP . (sjgames.com)
- Reindeer Games starts shipping later this month, so the sooner your order goes in, the better! (sjgames.com)
- If you're a Munchkin fan, already planning on picking up a couple boosters, it wouldn't hurt to mention the Munchkin Reindeer Games Launch Kit to your friendly local retailer . (sjgames.com)
Female1
- Female reindeer, however, enter winter carrying about 50 percent body fat. (livescience.com)
Visit2
- This reindeer went to visit my daughter's school the other day. (mamalisa.com)
- ONLY BOOKED PRIVATE TOURS Book a visit to meet our reindeer. (tripadvisor.co.uk)
Thick1
- This natural insulator, which can be a couple of inches thick on their rumps, keeps the reindeer toasty in temperatures as low as minus 45 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 43 degrees Celsius). (livescience.com)