Rats, Inbred BN
Ginkgolides
Bulimia Nervosa
Receptors, Bombesin
Thienopyridines
Animals, Congenic
Bombesin
Rats, Inbred Dahl
Bulimia
Lactones
Platelet Activating Factor
Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes induce mast cell activation and cytokine release. (1/1352)
The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is introduced into human hosts via tick bites. Among the cell types present in the skin which may initially contact spirochetes are mast cells. Since spirochetes are known to activate a variety of cell types in vitro, we tested whether B. burgdorferi spirochetes could activate mast cells. We report here that freshly isolated rat peritoneal mast cells or mouse MC/9 mast cells cultured in vitro with live or freeze-thawed B. burgdorferi spirochetes undergo low but detectable degranulation, as measured by [5-3H] hydroxytryptamine release, and they synthesize and secrete the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In contrast to findings in previous studies, where B. burgdorferi-associated activity was shown to be dependent upon protein lipidation, mast cell TNF-alpha release was not induced by either lipidated or unlipidated recombinant OspA. This activity was additionally shown to be protease sensitive and surface expressed. Finally, comparisons of TNF-alpha-inducing activity in known low-, intermediate-, and high-passage B. burgdorferi B31 isolates demonstrated passage-dependent loss of activity, indicating that the activity is probably plasmid encoded. These findings document the presence in low-passage B. burgdorferi spirochetes of a novel lipidation-independent activity capable of inducing cytokine release from host cells. (+info)Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists. (2/1352)
1. Subcutaneous injection of sodium deoxycholic acid into the anterior of the back of male ddY mice elicited dose-dependent scratching of the injected site with the forepaws and hindpaws. 2. Up to 100 microg of sodium deoxycholic acid induced no significant increase in vascular permeability at the injection site as assessed by a dye leakage method. 3. Bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonists, FR173657 and Hoe140, significantly decreased the frequency of scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. 4. Treatment with aprotinin to inhibit tissue kallikrein reduced the scratching behaviour induced by sodium deoxycholic acid, whereas treatment with soybean trypsin inhibitor to inhibit plasma kallikrein did not. 5. Although injection of kininase II inhibitor, lisinopril together with sodium deoxycholic acid did not alter the scratching behaviour, phosphoramidon, a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, significantly increased the frequency of scratching. 6. Homogenates of the skin excised from the backs of mice were subjected to gel-filtration column chromatography followed by an assay of kinin release by trypsin from each fraction separated. Less kinin release from the fractions containing kininogen of low molecular weight was observed in the skin injected with sodium deoxycholic acid than in normal skin. 7. The frequency of scratching after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid in plasma kininogen-deficient Brown Norway Katholiek rats was significantly lower than that in normal rats of the same strain, Brown Norway Kitasato rats. 8. These results indicate that BK released from low-molecular-weight kininogen by tissue kallikrein, but not from high-molecular-weight kininogen by plasma kallikrein, may be involved in the scratching behaviour induced by the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid in the rodent. (+info)Riluzole improves functional recovery after ischemia in the rat retina. (3/1352)
PURPOSE: Retinal ischemia leads to neuronal death. The effects of riluzole, a drug that protects against the deleterious effect of cerebral ischemia by acting on several types of ion channels and blocking glutamatergic neurotransmission, were investigated in a rat model of retinal ischemic injury. METHODS: Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure above systolic blood pressure for 30 minutes. Electroretinograms were recorded before ischemia and at different periods of reperfusion. Riluzole was injected or topically applied to the eye before or after ischemia and twice daily during the reperfusion period. Retinas were harvested for histopathology (toluidine blue and silver-impregnation stainings, Tdt-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling [TUNEL] method) and immunohistochemistry for cytoskeletal glial fibrillary acid protein and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK). RESULTS: Ischemia for 30 minutes caused a reduction of a- and b-waves of the electroretinogram. Systemic and topical treatments with riluzole significantly enhanced the recovery of the reduced a- and b-waves after defined reperfusion times. Riluzole also prevented or attenuated ischemia-induced retinal cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) and reduced the activation of p-JNK, c-jun phosphorylation, and the increase of cytoskeletal proteins induced by ischemic injury. CONCLUSIONS: Riluzole acted in vivo as a potent neuroprotective agent against pressure-induced ischemia. Therefore, riluzole may be a major drug for use in protection against retinal injury. (+info)Genome-wide linkage analysis of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat identifies a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 9. (4/1352)
The immunization of inbred Dark Agouti (DA) rats with an emulsion containing homogenized spinal cord and CFA induces chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease with many similarities to multiple sclerosis. We report here the first genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci regulating EAE in the rat using this model. We identified one quantitative trait locus on chromosome 9, Eae4, in a [DA(RT1av1) x BN(RT1n)]F2 intercross showing linkage to disease susceptibility and expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma in the spinal cord. Eae4 had a larger influence on disease incidence among rats that were homozygous for the RT1av1 MHC haplotype (RT1av1 rats) compared with RT1n/av1 rats, suggesting an interaction between Eae4 and the MHC. Homozygosity for the DA allele at markers in Eae4 and in the MHC was sufficient for EAE. Thus, Eae4 is a major genetic factor determining susceptibility to EAE in this cross of DA rats. In addition, there was support for linkage to phenotypes of EAE on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 12, and 15. The chromosome 12 region has been shown previously to predispose DA rats to arthritis, and the chromosome 2 region is syntenic to Eae3 in mice. We conclude that Eae4 and probably the other identified genome regions harbor genes regulating susceptibility to neuroinflammatory disease. The identification and functional characterization of these genes may disclose critical events in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis; understanding these events could be essential for the development of new therapies against the disease. (+info)Protection against necrosis but not apoptosis by heat-stress proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells: evidence for distinct modes of cell death. (5/1352)
We have reported previously that cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show higher proliferation and cell death than normotensive controls. In addition to protecting cells against death, heat stress proteins (HSPs) appear to play a role in cell proliferation. This investigation examines the involvement of HSP72 and HSP27 in altered SHR VSMC proliferation and death. We have performed detailed discriminatory analysis to characterize which type of VSMC death is induced by heat stress (HS) and serum deprivation. Serum deprivation induced apoptosis (caspase-3 cleavage and DNA laddering) and secondary necrosis, the 2 processes being a continuum of each other. In contrast, acute HS (46 degrees C, 30 minutes), which inhibited BN. lx and SHR VSMC proliferation by 2-fold, increased necrosis (by 5-fold and 2-fold, respectively) but not apoptosis. HSP72 and HSP27 expression evoked in VSMC by mild HS (44 degrees C, 15 minutes) 6 hours before acute HS prevented the inhibition of proliferation and induction of necrosis with no effect on serum deprivation-induced or staurosporine-induced apoptosis. This induced expression of HSP72 and HSP27 did not eliminate the higher basal proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis of SHR VSMC compared with BN.lx VSMC, suggesting that these HSPs are not involved in altered SHR VSMC proliferation and death. Also, although apoptosis and necrosis may be a continuum, in VSMC the 2 processes may be distinguished by HS, in which only necrosis is prevented by prior HSP accumulation. This observation may be of use in designing strategies for cellular protection. (+info)Induction of atherosclerosis in Brown Norway rats by immunization with ovalbumin. (6/1352)
A study was carried out to establish an animal model that would be suitable for evaluating the role of the diet in immune cell-mediated atherogenesis. Brown Norway rats were initially treated with hypervitamin D2 for 4 days and then fed on an atherogenic diet for 3 months, during which period the rats were either immunized with ovalubumin plus Al(OH)3 (OVA group) or with Al(OH)3 alone (control group) every 3 weeks. Aortic lesions were mainly composed of foam cells, the lesions evaluated by the intimal thickness of the ascending aorta being more severe in the OVA group than in the control group. The OVA group, in comparison with the control group, showed prominently increased serum levels of OVA-specific IgG and rat chymase, an indicator of mast cell degranulation. The intimal thickness was positively correlated with the level of chymase. Immunization had no effect on the serum lipid levels. These results support the hypothesis that mast cells play a role in the early stage of atherosclerosis and suggest that this animal model could be useful for evaluating the role of the diet in immune-related atherogenesis. (+info)Donor hematopoietic progenitor cells in nonmyeloablated rat recipients of allogeneic bone marrow and liver grafts. (7/1352)
BACKGROUND: Although the persistence of multilineage microchimerism in recipients of long-surviving organ transplants implies engraftment of migratory pluripotent donor stem cells, the ultimate localization in the recipient of these cells has not been determined in any species. METHODS: Progenitor cells were demonstrated in the bone marrow and nonparenchymal liver cells of naive rats and in Brown Norway (BN) recipients of Lewis (LEW) allografts by semiquantitative colony-forming unit in culture (CFU-C) assays. The LEW allografts of bone marrow cells (BMC) (2.5x10(8)), orthotopic livers, or heterotopic hearts (abdominal site) were transplanted under a 2-week course of daily tacrolimus, with additional single doses on days 20 and 27. Donor CFU-C colonies were distinguished from recipient colonies in the allografts and recipient bone marrow with a donor-specific MHC class II monoclonal antibody. The proportions of donor and recipient colonies were estimated from a standard curve created by LEW and BN bone marrow mixtures of known concentrations. RESULTS: After the BMC infusions, 5-10% of the CFU-C in the bone marrow of BN recipients were of the LEW phenotype at 14, 30, and 60 days after transplantation. At 100 days, however, donor CFU-C could no longer be found at this site. The pattern of LEW CFU-C in the bone marrow of BN liver recipients up to 60 days was similar to that in recipients of 2.5x10(8) BMC, although the donor colonies were only 1/20 to 1/200 as numerous. This was expected, because the progenitor cells in the passenger leukocytes of a single liver are equivalent to those in 1-5x10(6) BMC. Using a liquid CFU-C assay, donor progenitor cells were demonstrated among the nonparenchymal cells of liver allografts up to 100 days. In contrast, after heart transplantation, donor CFU-C could not be identified in the recipient bone marrow, even at 14 days. CONCLUSION: effective immunosuppression, allogeneic hematopoietic progenitors compete effectively with host cells for initial engraftment in the bone marrow of noncytoablated recipients, but disappear from this location between 60 and 100 days after transplantation, coincident with the shift of donor leukocyte chimerism from the lymphoid to the nonlymphoid compartment that we previously have observed in this model. It is possible that the syngeneic parenchymal environment of the liver allografts constitutes a privileged site for persistent progenitor donor cells. (+info)Voltage-activated calcium currents in rat retinal ganglion cells in situ: changes during prenatal and postnatal development. (8/1352)
Voltage-activated calcium currents (ICa) are one way by which calcium influx into neurons is mediated. To investigate changes in kinetic properties of ICa during neuronal development and to correlate possible kinetic changes with specific differentiation processes, the ICa of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was recorded with the perforated patch-clamp technique in rat retinal slices and in whole mounts at different prenatal and postnatal stages. ICa density increased between embryonic day (E) 20 and the adult stage, paralleled by a shift in activation of the omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive ICa toward more negative membrane potentials. Furthermore, developmental alterations were observed in ICa inactivation rate during a 120 msec test pulse and in steady-state inactivation of ICa. The most striking feature in ICa kinetics was a transient slowing of calcium current deactivation, which peaked at postnatal day (P)3-5 and affected all ICa subtypes. Although the shift in activation and the decreased inactivation rate of ICa can be explained by differential regulation of distinct calcium channel subtypes, it is more likely that a more general alteration of the cells' functional state was the underlying factor in alterations in steady-state inactivation and current deactivation of ICa. Alterations in the omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive and the toxin-resistant currents temporarily coincide with dendritic differentiation, and it is tempting to speculate about their role in network formation in the inner retina. In contrast, alterations in steady-state inactivation and current deactivation may be involved in the regulation of RGC survival, because they occur during the period of programmed cell death in the ganglion cell layer. In conclusion, distinct time windows of alterations in calcium channel properties were found, and this study has provided a basis for performing functional assays to clarify in detail the developmental process to which these alterations are related. (+info)Inbreed BN (Brown Norway) rats are a strain of laboratory rats that are specifically bred for research purposes, characterized by their uniform genetic makeup and susceptibility to various diseases, which makes them ideal models for studying human physiology and pathophysiology.
"Rats, Inbred BN" are a strain of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) that have been inbred for many generations to maintain a high level of genetic consistency and uniformity within the strain. The "BN" designation refers to the place where they were first developed, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia).
These rats are often used in biomedical research because their genetic homogeneity makes them useful for studying the effects of specific genes or environmental factors on health and disease. They have been widely used as a model organism to study various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including hypertension, kidney function, immunology, and neuroscience.
Inbred BN rats are known for their low renin-angiotensin system activity, which makes them a useful model for studying hypertension and related disorders. They also have a unique sensitivity to dietary protein, making them a valuable tool for studying the relationship between diet and kidney function.
Overall, Inbred BN rats are an important tool in biomedical research, providing researchers with a consistent and well-characterized model organism for studying various aspects of human health and disease.
Ginkgolides are a group of unique, complex terpene trilactones found exclusively in the Ginkgo biloba tree leaves, known for their platelet-activating factor antagonist properties and potential therapeutic benefits in treating various conditions, including cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
Ginkgolides are a group of unique sesquiterpene lactone compounds that are primarily found in the extract of the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, which is one of the oldest living tree species in the world. These compounds are known for their potent antiplatelet and antioxidant properties, which have been studied extensively in various medical research fields, including neurology, cardiology, and pharmacology.
Ginkgolides are believed to work by inhibiting a specific type of receptor in the body called the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor, which plays a crucial role in inflammation, blood clotting, and other physiological processes. By blocking this receptor, ginkgolides can help prevent excessive blood clotting, reduce inflammation, and improve blood flow to various organs and tissues in the body.
Ginkgo biloba extract, which contains ginkgolides A, B, C, and J, is commonly used in complementary and alternative medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including cognitive decline, memory loss, tinnitus, and peripheral vascular diseases. However, it's important to note that the use of Ginkgo biloba extract and ginkgolides should be under the guidance of healthcare professionals due to potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
Bulimia Nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise, accompanied by an obsessive fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. (APA DSM-5)
Bulimia nervosa is a mental health disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. These compensatory behaviors may include self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Individuals with bulimia nervosa often experience a lack of control over their eating habits and may feel intense shame, guilt, and distress about their binge eating and compensatory behaviors. The disorder can lead to serious medical complications, such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, dental problems, and gastrointestinal issues.
Bulimia nervosa typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and affects women more often than men. The exact cause of the disorder is not known, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. Treatment for bulimia nervosa may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, nutrition counseling, and support groups.
Bombesin receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that bind bombesin-like peptides and play crucial roles in regulating various biological processes, including appetite control, smooth muscle contraction, and hormone release, through activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
Bombesin receptors are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that bind to bombesin-like peptides. These receptors play important roles in various physiological processes, including regulation of appetite and energy balance, smooth muscle contraction, and neurotransmission. There are three subtypes of bombesin receptors: BB1, BB2, and BB3 (also known as GRP receptor). They are activated by different bombesin-like peptides, such as bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and neuromedin B. These receptors have been found to be expressed in a variety of tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, pancreas, and brain. They are also implicated in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, where they can contribute to tumor growth and progression.
Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet drugs, including clopidogrel and prasugrel, that work by irreversibly inhibiting the ADP receptor P2Y12 on platelets to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.
Thienopyridines are a class of antiplatelet medications that work by irreversibly inhibiting the ADP (adenosine diphosphate) receptor on platelets, thereby preventing platelet activation and aggregation. This class includes drugs such as clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), and ticlopidine (Ticlid). They are commonly used in the prevention of arterial thrombosis, including the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and peripheral artery disease.
Congenic animals are genetically identical strains that only differ at a specific locus or region of the genome due to an intentional introduction of a donor segment, typically generated through many generations of backcrossing to a background strain and selection for homozygosity of the introduced genetic material.
Congenic animals are genetically identical organisms, except for a specific genetic locus or region that has been intentionally altered. In the context of animal research, congenic animals are created through selective breeding to transfer a particular gene or genes from one strain to another while keeping the rest of the genetic background as similar as possible.
The process involves repeatedly backcrossing the offspring of the initial cross between two strains to one of the parental strains for several generations, followed by brother-sister mating to establish a congenic strain. The resulting congenic animals share more than 99% of their genetic material with the recipient strain but carry the donor strain's gene(s) at the specific locus of interest.
Congenic animal models are essential tools in biomedical research, as they allow researchers to study the effects of a particular gene or genetic variant while minimizing the influence of other genetic factors. These models help isolate the contribution of a single gene to a phenotype, disease susceptibility, or drug response, facilitating a better understanding of complex biological processes and potential therapeutic interventions.
Bombesin is a 14-amino acid peptide initially isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad, that functions as a neurotransmitter or hormone in mammals, and acts on various tissues to stimulate the release of gastric acids, promote satiety, and regulate cell growth and differentiation.
Bombesin is a type of peptide that occurs naturally in the body. It is a small protein-like molecule made up of amino acids, and it is involved in various physiological processes, including regulating appetite and digestion. Bombesin was first discovered in the skin of a frog species called Bombina bombina, hence its name. In the human body, bombesin-like peptides are produced by various tissues, including the stomach and brain. They bind to specific receptors in the body, triggering a range of responses, such as stimulating the release of hormones and increasing gut motility. Bombesin has been studied for its potential role in treating certain medical conditions, including cancer, although more research is needed to establish its safety and efficacy.
"Rats, Inbred Dahl are a strain of laboratory rats that exhibit spontaneous hypertension and have been widely used as a model to study the pathophysiology of essential hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases."
'Rats, Inbred Dahl' are a strain of laboratory rats that have been selectively bred for research purposes. They were first developed by Dr. Lewis L. Dahl in the 1960s at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. These rats are known for their susceptibility to develop high blood pressure (hypertension) and related cardiovascular diseases, making them a valuable model for studying hypertension and its complications.
Inbred Dahl rats are typically divided into two main strains: the Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS/JrHsdMcwi or SS) rat and the Dahl Salt-Resistant (SR/JrHsdMcwi or SR) rat. When fed a high-salt diet, the SS rats develop severe hypertension, kidney damage, and cardiac hypertrophy, while the SR rats are relatively resistant to these effects.
The Inbred Dahl rats have contributed significantly to our understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of hypertension and related disorders. They continue to be widely used in biomedical research today.
"Bulimia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain."
Bulimia nervosa is a mental health disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. These compensatory behaviors may include self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Individuals with bulimia nervosa often have a fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, which can lead to a cycle of binge eating and purging that can be difficult to break. The disorder can have serious medical consequences, including electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, dental problems, and damage to the digestive system.
Bulimia nervosa typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and affects women more often than men. Treatment for bulimia nervosa may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, and nutritional counseling. If left untreated, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health complications and negatively impact a person's quality of life.
Lactones are cyclic esters formed from hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups in the same molecule, often found in various natural substances including certain plants and microorganisms, and some have shown potential as therapeutic agents or drug precursors.
Lactones are not a medical term per se, but they are important in the field of pharmaceuticals and medicinal chemistry. Lactones are cyclic esters derived from hydroxy acids. They can be found naturally in various plants, fruits, and some insects. In medicine, lactones have been used in the synthesis of drugs, including certain antibiotics and antifungal agents. For instance, the penicillin family of antibiotics contains a beta-lactone ring in their structure, which is essential for their antibacterial activity.
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) is a type of phospholipid molecule that acts as a potent inflammatory mediator, involved in the activation and aggregation of platelets, recruitment of leukocytes, and modulation of various cellular responses, playing a crucial role in numerous pathophysiological processes such as allergy, anaphylaxis, inflammation, and thrombosis.
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid mediator that plays a significant role in various inflammatory and immune responses. It is a powerful lipid signaling molecule released mainly by activated platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells, and other cell types during inflammation or injury.
PAF has a molecular structure consisting of an alkyl chain linked to a glycerol moiety, a phosphate group, and an sn-2 acetyl group. This unique structure allows PAF to bind to its specific G protein-coupled receptor (PAF-R) on the surface of target cells, triggering various intracellular signaling cascades that result in cell activation, degranulation, and aggregation.
The primary functions of PAF include:
1. Platelet activation and aggregation: PAF stimulates platelets to aggregate, release their granules, and activate the coagulation cascade, which can lead to thrombus formation.
2. Neutrophil and monocyte activation: PAF activates these immune cells, leading to increased adhesion, degranulation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
3. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability: PAF can cause vasodilation by acting on endothelial cells, leading to an increase in blood flow and facilitating the extravasation of immune cells into inflamed tissues.
4. Bronchoconstriction: In the respiratory system, PAF can induce bronchoconstriction and recruitment of inflammatory cells, contributing to asthma symptoms.
5. Neurotransmission modulation: PAF has been implicated in neuroinflammation and may play a role in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive functions.
Dysregulated PAF signaling has been associated with several pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Therefore, targeting the PAF pathway may provide therapeutic benefits in these diseases.
Diterpenes are a class of naturally occurring compounds derived from the 20-carbon skeleton of isoprene, consisting of four isoprene units and typically possessing various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and cytotoxic effects.
Diterpenes are a class of naturally occurring compounds that are composed of four isoprene units, which is a type of hydrocarbon. They are synthesized by a wide variety of plants and animals, and are found in many different types of organisms, including fungi, insects, and marine organisms.
Diterpenes have a variety of biological activities and are used in medicine for their therapeutic effects. Some diterpenes have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties, and are used to treat a range of conditions, including respiratory infections, skin disorders, and cancer.
Diterpenes can be further classified into different subgroups based on their chemical structure and biological activity. Some examples of diterpenes include the phytocannabinoids found in cannabis plants, such as THC and CBD, and the paclitaxel, a diterpene found in the bark of the Pacific yew tree that is used to treat cancer.
It's important to note that while some diterpenes have therapeutic potential, others may be toxic or have adverse effects, so it is essential to use them under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional.
List of MeSH codes (B01)
... rats, inbred aci MeSH B01.050.157.760.090 - rats, inbred bb MeSH B01.050.157.760.110 - rats, inbred bn MeSH B01.050.157.760.130 ... rats, inbred aci MeSH B01.050.199.520.760.090 - rats, inbred bb MeSH B01.050.199.520.760.110 - rats, inbred bn MeSH B01.050. ... rats, inbred f344 MeSH B01.050.157.760.275 - rats, inbred lec MeSH B01.050.157.760.280 - rats, inbred lew MeSH B01.050.157.760. ... rats, inbred shr MeSH B01.050.157.760.360 - rats, inbred wf MeSH B01.050.157.760.390 - rats, inbred wky MeSH B01.050.199.040 - ...
Murine respirovirus
There are SeV-resistant F344 rats and susceptible BN rats. In the host airways the virus titer reaches a peak after 5-6 days ... Inbred and outbred mouse and rat strains have very different susceptibility to Sendai virus infection. Visualization of SeV ... "Sendai Virus (SV)". Rat Guide. Kraft V, Meyer B (June 1986). "Diagnosis of murine infections in relation to test methods ... Two approaches have been used to overcome this problem and make Sendai virus non-pathogenic for mice and rats. One of these ...
Schistosoma
Morgan JA, DeJong RJ, Lwambo NJ, Mungai BN, Mkoji GM, Loker ES (April 2003). "First report of a natural hybrid between ... Final hosts are humans and other mammals including cats, dogs, goats, horses, pigs, rats and water buffalo. S. malayensis This ... Such a biological mechanism would serve to decrease inbreeding, and may be a factor behind the unusually high genetic diversity ... The natural vertebrate host is Müller's giant Sunda rat (Sundamys muelleri). The snail hosts are Robertsiella species (R. ...
Mutation
Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM (September 1993). "Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging". Proceedings ... inbred populations. These include: Chromosomal translocations: interchange of genetic parts from nonhomologous chromosomes. ... oxidative DNA damage is estimated to occur 10,000 times per cell per day in humans and 100,000 times per cell per day in rats. ... the maintenance of outcrossing sexual reproduction as opposed to inbreeding and the evolution of sex and genetic recombination ...
Red wolf
Inbreeding is avoided because it results in progeny with reduced fitness (inbreeding depression) that is predominantly caused ... Rutledge LY, Devillard S, Boone JQ, Hohenlohe PA, White BN (July 2015). "RAD sequencing and genomic simulations resolve hybrid ... rice rats, muskrats, nutria, rabbits and carrion. White-tailed deer were largely absent from the last wild refuge of red wolves ... Sparkman, A.M.; Adams, J.R.; Steury, T.D.; Waits, L.P.; Murray, D.L. (July 2012). "Pack social dynamics and inbreeding ...
Search for common targets of lithium and valproic acid identifies novel epigenetic effects of lithium on the rat leptin...
Rats, Inbred BN * Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction * Receptors, Leptin / drug effects* ... Search for common targets of lithium and valproic acid identifies novel epigenetic effects of lithium on the rat leptin ... to Brown Norway rats for 30 days. Genomic DNA and mRNA were extracted from the hippocampus. We used the mRNA to perform gene ...
Distribution and developmental regulation of AMPA receptor subunit proteins in rat retina
Rats * Rats, Inbred BN * Receptors, AMPA / metabolism* * Retina / embryology* * Retina / growth & development* ... Distribution and developmental regulation of AMPA receptor subunit proteins in rat retina Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Oct; ... GluR1 was not found in the outer retina, indicating that horizontal and bipolar cell processes in the rat express AMPA ... the spatial distribution and temporal regulation of all AMPA receptor subunit proteins was studied in rats. ...
RGD Reference Report - Genetic analysis of susceptibility to endometrial adenocarcinoma in the BDII rat model. - Rat Genome...
BDII females were crossed to males from inbred strains with low EAC incidence (SPRD or BN). When F(1) males were backcrossed to ... Females of the BDII inbred rat strain are genetically predisposed to endometrial cancer; more than 90% of virgin BDII females ... Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Poster Archive Nomenclature ... Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes GERRC (Gene Editing Rat Resource Center) Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal ...
List of MeSH codes (B01) - Wikipedia
... rats, inbred aci MeSH B01.050.157.760.090 - rats, inbred bb MeSH B01.050.157.760.110 - rats, inbred bn MeSH B01.050.157.760.130 ... rats, inbred aci MeSH B01.050.199.520.760.090 - rats, inbred bb MeSH B01.050.199.520.760.110 - rats, inbred bn MeSH B01.050. ... rats, inbred f344 MeSH B01.050.157.760.275 - rats, inbred lec MeSH B01.050.157.760.280 - rats, inbred lew MeSH B01.050.157.760. ... rats, inbred shr MeSH B01.050.157.760.360 - rats, inbred wf MeSH B01.050.157.760.390 - rats, inbred wky MeSH B01.050.199.040 - ...
PROLONGED ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL RESULTING FROM DONOR PRETREATMENT WITH PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ-P - McMaster Experts
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
... rat strain except for the body weight changes observed with the HF diet that were more pronounced in the inbred F344 and BN ... BN)] maintained on a standard or high fat (HF) diet for 24 wk. At wk 7 during diet maintenance, groups of rats from each strain ... A separate set of rats from each strain were allowed to recover from WF exposure until the end of the 24 wk period. ... Effect of diet and occupational exposure in different rat strains on serum biomarkers and peripheral blood mononuclear cell ...
RGD Reference Report - An analysis of spontaneous hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by means of new recombinant...
compared to BN-Lx/Cub strain. RGD. increased systemic arterial systolic blood pressure IAGP. 628911. compared to BN-Lx/Cub ... An analysis of spontaneous hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by means of new recombinant inbred strains.. ... compared to BN-Lx/Cub and SHR.BN-RT1n strains. RGD. increased systemic arterial diastolic blood pressure IAGP. 628911. ... Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Presentations Archive Nomenclature ...
Maria Swanberg - Research output
- Lund University
Inbred Strains Rats 24% * Wounds and Injuries 23% * MHC Class II Genes 22% ... Genetic loci for bone architecture determined by three-dimensional CT in crosses with the diabetic GK rat.. Lagerholm, S., Park ... Vra4 congenic rats with allelic differences in the class II transactivator gene display altered susceptibility to experimental ... Identification of Candidate Gene Regions in the Rat by Co-Localization of QTLs for Bone Density, Size, Structure and Strength. ...
Research Institute - Research output
- Houston Methodist Scholars
Repeated allergen challenge in rats increases vitamin A consumption
... - laboratory and animal investigations David Shoseyov ... Highly inbred BN rats (n = 24) were obtained from Harlan. The animals were housed in metal cages in a room with controlled ... The Brown Norway (BN) rat model has been extensively characterized and appears to be among the best animal models thus far ... 9) Allergen inhalation in sensitized BN rats causes an increase in production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] and nitric ...
Supplementary MaterialsS1 Document: Within this document there are simple data regarding - nhibition of Hepatitis C Virus...
UK 1.LF 563/13, MSMT-14808/2014-6) Pets Adult man inbred Brown-Norway (BN; RT1n) and Lewis (LEW; RT1l) rats had been extracted ... No immunosuppressed isogeneic (ISO) and allogeneic (ALO) rats mixture offered as control. Aortal wall structure infiltration by ... the purpose of our research was to simulate in rats all factors and techniques found in our scientific plan of cryopreserved ... and antibody-mediated rejection of cold-stored arterial grafts in rats [13,14]. Furthermore, we confirmed a chance of delaying ...
Graft rejection. Medical search
Rats, Inbred LewMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred WFTransplantation ChimeraMice, Inbred C3HRats, Inbred BNRats ... Inbred C3HRats, Inbred BNAntibodies, MonoclonalH-2 AntigensRats, Inbred ACILymphocyte Culture Test, MixedCD40 LigandT- ... Inbred ACIMice, Inbred CBARadiation ChimeraMice, Inbred StrainsMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicMice, Inbred DBAChimeraMice, SCID ... VascularTransplantation ToleranceIsoantigensCyclosporineLiver TransplantationRats, Inbred LewImmunosuppressionIsoantibodiesMice ...
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
The RI strains were derived from the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and BN-Lx (Brown Norway rat) progenitors. Whole ... a member of the HXB/BXH set of recombinant inbred (RI) strains. ... Compared to wild-type BXH6 rats, BXH6-Tuft1 mutant rats ... In addition, mutant rats had lower serum MCP-1 and leptin levels, indicative of reduced inflammation. Analysis of the liver ... gene is associated with abnormal hair appearance and amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat. ...
Genetic variation in sensitivity to estrogens and breast cancer risk
QTL associated with regression of testes induced by DES were identified on chromosomes 1 and 7 in recombinant inbred male rats ... Eutr2 was mapped to the same region of chromosome 5 through characterization of DES treated congenic rats in which BN alleles ... When ACI rats were utilized as the sensitive strain, six QTL were mapped upon characterization of DES treated male F2 progeny ... In rats, the F433 strain was most responsive in pituitary and uterine tissues, but DES-induced thymic regression was greatest ...
Acrylonitrile (EHC 28, 1983)
Benesh & Cherna AN") saline (1959) mouse/"inbred"/male 60 sc 50 (2 h) physiol. Graham (1965) saline 25 (24 h) mouse/BN/male 60 ... 1970) rat/Wistar-Stamm/female - oral 86 - von Borchardt et al. (1970) rat/-/M + F 80 oral 84 water Tullar (1947) rat/-/M + F 51 ... 1971) rat/Wistar/- - ip 65 poly- Paulet & Vidal ethylene (1975) glycol rat/Wistar/male 110 sc 80 - Knobloch et al. (1971) rat/" ... 1971) rat/Sherman/- groups of oral 93 - Smyth & Carpenter 6-10 (1948) rat/Wistar/- - oral 101 - Paulet & Vidal (1975) rat/ ...
Chromosomal Substitution Strategies to Localize Genomic Regions Related to Complex Traits - Comprehensive Physiology
... rats are then inbred to produce a stable inbred consomic strain with the substitution of one entire chromosome from the BN ... 13BN consomic rat). Shown is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious SS (n = 18), SS‐13BN (n = 15), and BN (n = 16) rats ... 13BN consomic rat). Shown is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious SS (n = 18), SS‐13BN (n = 15), and BN (n = 16) rats ... These rats are then inbred to produce a stable inbred consomic strain with the substitution of one entire chromosome from the ...
Transcriptome analysis of alcohol-treated microglia reveals downregulation of beta amyloid phagocytosis | Journal of...
Primary microglia were prepared from mixed rat glial cultures. Cells were incubated with 75 mM ethanol alone or with ... In the current study, we examined the transcriptome of primary rat microglial cells following incubation with alcohol alone, or ... BN-LX) alcohol preference, and by including correlation to phenotypic data from a recombinant inbred population, allowed ... Functional gene expression differences between inbred alcohol-preferring and -non-preferring rats in five brain regions. ...
Editor Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells established from - Inhibition of Ceramide Metabolism Sensitizes Human...
... and inbred strains of Fischer 344 and Brown-Norway (BN) rats were individually seeded onto mitomycin C-treated mouse embryonic ... This mix of inhibitors is normally termed 2i. Latest breakthroughs have already been made in building and culturing rat ESCs ... In the beginning preimplantation blastocysts (embryonic day time 4.5) from an outbred strain of CD:VRL1 rats (also called ... rESCs) in the ICM of rat embryos under molecularly described circumstances with 2i plus LIF (2i-LIF) to keep up a pluripotent ...
bims-mibica 2023-02-12 papers
We generated a genetically heterogenous rat model by a four-way cross strategy using four inbred strains [Brown Norway (BN), ... to provide investigators with a highly genetically diverse rat model from commercially available inbred rats. We made ... A Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Model with Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes.. Roshini Sathiaseelan, Bumsoo Ahn, Michael B Stout ... Male rats, by contrast, differed in a mitochondrial genotype-specific manner, with only B males responding to 17α-estradiol ...
Insulin Target Tissue | DiabetesTalk.Net
... liver and adipose tissue from inbred rats of spontaneously diabetic (Goto-Kakizaki [GK]) and normoglycaemic (Brown-Norway [BN ... The expression of 170 miRNAs was measured in liver and adipose tissue of GK and BN rats. Based on a p-value for differential ... We sought to establish differences in global miRNA expression in two insulin-target tissues from inbred rats of spontaneously ... Rats will be given vanadium, as sodium orthvanadate or vanadyl sulfate, in a liquid diet and a number of insulin-sensitive ...
F344 & LE BAC browser
The LE/Stm rat is a parental strain of the LEXF/FXLE recombinant inbred (RI) strains. The strain was developed by Shisa et al ... The polymorphic rate of our 357 SSLP makers is 83% against BN/SsNHsd strain and 73% against LE/Stm strain. ... The F344/Stm rat is a parental strain of the LEXF/FXLE recombinant inbred (RI) strains. The strain was developed by Shisa et al ... by NBRP Rat Genome Information Upgrading Program (Kyoto University, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center,. and Comparative Genomics ...
Rats, Inbred F344 | Profiles RNS
Rats, Inbred BN. *Rats, Inbred BUF. *Rats, Inbred Dahl. *Rats, Inbred F344 ... Rats, Inbred Strains [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400]. *Rats, Inbred F344 [B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700 ... Inbred F344" by people in this website by year, and whether "Rats, Inbred F344" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Rats, Inbred F344" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ...
Rats, Inbred WKY | Profiles RNS
Rats, Inbred Strains. *Rats, Inbred ACI. *Rats, Inbred BB. *Rats, Inbred BN ... Rats, Inbred Strains [B01.050.150.900.649.865.635.505.700.400]. *Rats, Inbred WKY [B01.050.150.900.649.865.635.505.700.400.390] ... Inbred WKY" by people in this website by year, and whether "Rats, Inbred WKY" was a major or minor topic of these publications ... "Rats, Inbred WKY" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ...
Rats, Inbred SHR | Profiles RNS
Rats, Inbred Strains. *Rats, Inbred ACI. *Rats, Inbred BB. *Rats, Inbred BN ... Rats, Inbred Strains [B01.050.150.900.649.865.635.505.700.400]. *Rats, Inbred SHR [B01.050.150.900.649.865.635.505.700.400.300] ... Inbred SHR" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Rats, Inbred SHR" was a major or minor topic of these publications ... "Rats, Inbred SHR" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ...
Rats, Inbred Strains | Profiles RNS
Rats, Inbred ACI. *Rats, Inbred BB. *Rats, Inbred BN. *Rats, Inbred BUF ... Inbred Strains" by people in this website by year, and whether "Rats, Inbred Strains" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Rats, Inbred Strains" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Rats, Inbred Strains" by people in Profiles. ...
IL-1RA blocks E. coli-induced suppression of Arc and long-term memory in aged F344 x BN F1 rats | CU Experts | CU Boulder
Effect of vitamin D on depression: an experimental study | International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Methods: Forced swim test (FST) in adult male Wistar rats and tail suspension test (TST) in adult male Swiss albino mice were ... McCann JC, Ames BN. Is there convincing biological or behavioral evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to brain dysfunction? ... Genetic differences in the tail-suspension test and its relationship to imipramine response among 11 inbred strains of mice. ... Rodent models of depression: forced swim and tail suspension behavioral despair tests in rats and mice. Chapter 8: Unit 8.10A. ...
9 Antimalarial Drugs and Drug Resistance | Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance | The...
Kazadi WM, Vong S, Makina BN, Mantshumba JC, Kabuya W, Kebela BI, Ngimbi NP. 2003. Assessing the Efficacy of chloroquine and ... Multigenic drug resistance among inbred malaria parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London-Series B: Biological ... Behavioral and neural toxicity of arteether in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 60(2):449-458. ... Kazadi WM, Vong S, Makina BN, Mantshumba JC, Kabuya W, Kebela BI, Ngimbi NP. 2003. Assessing the Efficacy of chloroquine and ...
Search | Global Index Medicus
Rats, Inbred BN , Rats, Inbred Lew , Transplantation Chimera , Allergy and Immunology , Transplantation Conditioning , Methods ... p,,b,OBJECTIVE,/b,To observe the analgesic effect of triptolide (TP) of high, middle and low doses on rats with adjuvant ... At 14 d after the model establishment, rats in C, D and E groups were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of TP ( ... Effect of triptolide on iNOS and SP expressions in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion of rats with adjuvant arthritis ...
StrainsBrown NorwayRecombinantF344 and BNStrainHypertensive ratsChromosomeConsomic ratsCongenicReceptorsInhalationFischerMammary tumorsMiceWistarBDIISerumIsogeneicVivoTissuesSpontaneousGenomeMeSHMammalsArterialChromosomesBehavioralAlterationsLungResponsesMicroglialExposureGeneLiverInductionPeripheralModelInvestigateRegionsClonesAnalysisAcuteResponseAnimalsAnimal models
Strains17
- BDII females were crossed to males from inbred strains with low EAC incidence (SPRD or BN). (mcw.edu)
- Effect of diet and occupational exposure in different rat strains on serum biomarkers and peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomere length: development of an animal model to examine the exposome. (cdc.gov)
- Genetic contributions were assessed using three strains of male rats with different genetic backgrounds [Fischer-344 (F344), Sprague-Dawley (SD), Brown-Norway (BN)] maintained on a standard or high fat (HF) diet for 24 wk. (cdc.gov)
- Generally, the exposome components of diet and WF exposure had the greater influence on the parameters measured compared to the changes associated with rat strain except for the body weight changes observed with the HF diet that were more pronounced in the inbred F344 and BN strains. (cdc.gov)
- An analysis of spontaneous hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by means of new recombinant inbred strains. (mcw.edu)
- The mode of blood pressure inheritance and some genetic markers of spontaneous hypertension were evaluated in a new set of recombinant inbred (RI) strains obtained by crossing of normotensive (BN.lx) and hypertensive (SHR) progenitor strains. (mcw.edu)
- Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
- Recently, we identified a recessive mutation, an abnormal coat appearance in BXH6 strain, a member of the HXB/BXH set of recombinant inbred (RI) strains. (bvsalud.org)
- The RI strains were derived from the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and BN-Lx (Brown Norway rat) progenitors. (bvsalud.org)
- Analysis of mammary ductal growth and branching in 43 strains of inbred mice identified 20 QTL. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
- In the beginning preimplantation blastocysts (embryonic day time 4.5) from an outbred strain of CD:VRL1 rats (also called Sprague-Dawley (SD)) and inbred strains of Fischer 344 and Brown-Norway (BN) rats were individually seeded onto mitomycin C-treated mouse embryonic fibroblast cells in N2B27 medium supplemented with 2i-LIF (Supplementary info Data S1 Number 1A and ?and1B).1B). (researchhunt.com)
- We sought to establish differences in global miRNA expression in two insulin-target tissues from inbred rats of spontaneously diabetic and normoglycaemic strains. (diabetestalk.net)
- We used a miRNA microarray platform to measure global miRNA expression in two insulin-target tissues: liver and adipose tissue from inbred rats of spontaneously diabetic (Goto-Kakizaki [GK]) and normoglycaemic (Brown-Norway [BN]) strains which are extensively used in genetic studies of T2D. (diabetestalk.net)
- The F344/Stm rat is a parental strain of the LEXF/FXLE recombinant inbred (RI) strains. (nig.ac.jp)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Rats, Inbred Strains" by people in this website by year, and whether "Rats, Inbred Strains" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Rats, Inbred Strains" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)
- Genetic differences in the tail-suspension test and its relationship to imipramine response among 11 inbred strains of mice. (ijbcp.com)
Brown Norway5
- To identify genes commonly affected by both mood stabilizers and to assess potential epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in their mechanism of action, we administered Li (N = 12), VPA (N = 12), and normal chow (N = 12) to Brown Norway rats for 30 days. (nih.gov)
- The Brown Norway (BN) rat model has been extensively characterized and appears to be among the best animal models thus far described. (indexarticles.com)
- Strategies and Components Cryopreserved stomach aortic grafts were transplanted between Brown-Norway and Lewis Rabbit polyclonal to Albumin rats. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- To contribute to the hazard identification of low molecular weight (LMW) respiratory allergens, respiratory allergy induced by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was characterized by whole genome analysis of lung tissue and blood proteomics in Brown Norway rats. (cdc.gov)
- Accordingly, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were maintained on either regular (Reg) or high fat (HF) diets for 24wk. (cdc.gov)
Recombinant2
- QTL associated with regression of testes induced by DES were identified on chromosomes 1 and 7 in recombinant inbred male rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
- Analysis of the lyp phenotype in the F344 DNA recombinant rats helped us define the critical lyp interval as a region of approximately 33 Kb between D4Rhw6 (76.83 Mb) and IIsnp3 (77.16 Mb) containing Gimap1 , Gimap5 , and Gimap3 (formerly known as Ian2 , Ian5 , and Ian4 , resp. (hindawi.com)
F344 and BN2
- In rats, the F433 strain was most responsive in pituitary and uterine tissues, but DES-induced thymic regression was greatest in the SD strain compared to F344 and BN. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
- When pituitary weight was used as a phenotypic indicator of estrogen stimulated lactotroph proliferation, five QTL were identified upon characterization of DES treated female F2 progeny generated in an intercross between F344 and BN rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Strain11
- A separate set of rats from each strain were allowed to recover from WF exposure until the end of the 24 wk period. (cdc.gov)
- These rats are then backcrossed with the parental SS strain. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- These rats are then inbred to produce a stable inbred consomic strain with the substitution of one entire chromosome from the BN strain into the background of the SS strain. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- Example of reduced blood pressure salt sensitivity resulting from substitution of chromosome 13 from the BN into the SS/Mcwi strain (SS‐13 BN consomic rat). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- Conversely, substitution of chromosome 18 from SS to the BN strain (BN‐18 SS ) resulted in a relatively small increase in MAP in response to the high‐salt diet. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- Consomic rat panel in which each of the 20 autosomes and the X and Y chromosomes from the BN strain were transferred onto the SS genetic background. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- The polymorphic rate of our 357 SSLP makers is 83% against BN/SsNHsd strain and 73% against LE/Stm strain. (nig.ac.jp)
- An inbred strain of rat that is used for general BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH purposes. (jefferson.edu)
- A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). (wakehealth.edu)
- EC development in BDII rats has similarities in pathogenesis, histopathological and molecular properties to human EC, and thus the inbred BDII strain represents a unique model for analysis of EC tumorigenesis [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- A cinnamon-colored strain of Long-Evans rats which carries a mutation causing fulminant hepatitis and jaundice, with an associated gross accumulation of copper in the liver. (nih.gov)
Hypertensive rats2
- P, Cervenka L, Falck JR, Imig JD, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Combined treatment with epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid antagonist provides substantial hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (uams.edu)
- Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog EET-B attenuates post-myocardial infarction remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (uams.edu)
Chromosome10
- Whole genome sequencing of the mutant rats identified the 195875980 G/A mutation in the Tuft1 (tuftelin 1) gene on chromosome 2, which resulted in a premature stop codon. (bvsalud.org)
- A second QTL, Eutr2 was mapped to the same region of chromosome 5 through characterization of DES treated congenic rats in which BN alleles across proximal chromosome 5 were introgressed onto the F344 genetic background. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
- Treatment with DES identified QTL influencing repression on chromosome 10 (Esta1) and chromosome 2 (Esta2 and Esta3) in a study using male F2 progeny from a BN x ACI intercross. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
- The N2 rats that are determined by genotyping to be heterozygous along the target chromosome are then backcrossed for ∼4 to 8 generations [e.g., marker assister selection for rats with most SS (blue) alleles]. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- This yields offspring with an isogenic SS background for all but the target chromosome as shown in (B). Selected male and female rats are then mated resulting in approximately 25% of the offspring being homozygous for the chromosome of interest. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- Generation of chromosome Y (chrY) consomic rats. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- The most recurrent numerical alterations were gains in rat chromosome 4 (RNO4) and losses in RNO15. (biomedcentral.com)
- Positional cloning of lymphopenia ( lyp ) in the BB rat revealed a frameshift mutation in Gimap5 , a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein genes located on rat chromosome 4q24. (hindawi.com)
- Gimap5 is a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein ( Gimap ) genes located within 150 Kilobases (Kb) on rat chromosome (RNO) 4 [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Gimap5 was identified as the lyp gene in the BBDP rat through a frameshift mutation and premature truncation of the Gimap5 protein [ 2 , 6 ] and can be rescued in a P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) transgenic rat [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Consomic rats1
- A) Reduced susceptibility to DMBA‐induced mammary tumors in SS.BN2 consomic rats ( n = 14) compared with SS ( n = 40), as reported by Adamovic et al. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Congenic3
- Examination of OLETF-derived non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus QTL by construction of a series of congenic rats. (mcw.edu)
- Our aim was to clone and sequence the cDNA of the BB diabetes prone (DP) and diabetes resistant (DR) alleles of all seven Gimap genes in the congenic DR. lyp rat line with 2 Mb of BB DP DNA introgressed onto the DR genetic background. (hindawi.com)
- The positional cloning and subsequent identification of the Gimap5 gene on RNO4 were in part established through generation of the DR. lyp congenic rat line along with recombination events following our method of marker assisted breeding of DP with F344 rats [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Receptors3
- To learn more about a possible functional role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxasole-propionate (AMPA) receptors in retinal development, the spatial distribution and temporal regulation of all AMPA receptor subunit proteins was studied in rats. (nih.gov)
- GluR1 was not found in the outer retina, indicating that horizontal and bipolar cell processes in the rat express AMPA receptors composed of subunits GluR2 to 4. (nih.gov)
- The differences in spatial and temporal subunit expression suggest that different retinal cell types selectively express distinct types of AMPA receptors during development of the rat retina. (nih.gov)
Inhalation3
- After 14 days, repeated allergen inhalation challenges were performed in the sensitized rats for 2 weeks. (indexarticles.com)
- 9) Allergen inhalation in sensitized BN rats causes an increase in production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] and nitric oxide (NO) by alveolar macrophage and airways epithelial cells, and it can be inhibited by dexamethasone. (indexarticles.com)
- 1982. Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia in rats with variable exposure periods. (cdc.gov)
Fischer2
Mammary tumors1
- ACI rats also developed mammary tumors with chronic exposure to 17β-estradiol or DES. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Mice2
- Forced swim test (FST) in adult male Wistar rats and tail suspension test (TST) in adult male Swiss albino mice were used to investigate antidepressant activity of vitamin D administered in single dose and multiple doses. (ijbcp.com)
- Castagné V, Moser P, Roux S, Porsolt RD. Rodent models of depression: forced swim and tail suspension behavioral despair tests in rats and mice. (ijbcp.com)
Wistar1
- In Wistar rats, it has been reported that 3-nitropropionic acid leads to neurodegeneration and that the intravenous administration in rats provides valuable insight of Huntington's disease model [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
BDII2
- Genetic analysis of susceptibility to endometrial adenocarcinoma in the BDII rat model. (mcw.edu)
- In the present work we used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to identify cancer-related aberrations in a well-characterized experimental model for spontaneous endometrial carcinoma in the BDII rat tumor model. (biomedcentral.com)
Serum2
- To elucidate whether allergic bronchitis interferes with vitamin A metabolism, we measured the vitamin A levels in the serum, the lung, and the liver following repeated allergen challenge in a rat model and compared them to normal rats. (indexarticles.com)
- In addition, mutant rats had lower serum MCP-1 and leptin levels, indicative of reduced inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
Isogeneic1
- No immunosuppressed isogeneic (ISO) and allogeneic (ALO) rats mixture offered as control. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
Vivo1
- Results: The study rats showed severe bronchoconstriction after allergen challenge compared to the naive rats, and ex vivo TNF-[alpha] and NO production was significantly higher in the sensitized rats. (indexarticles.com)
Tissues2
- Positions of QTL regulated responses to estrogens in 5 tissues in rats featured image credit figure/F1 . (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
- Rats will be given vanadium, as sodium orthvanadate or vanadyl sulfate, in a liquid diet and a number of insulin-sensitive activities of target tissues measured and compared to control animals. (diabetestalk.net)
Spontaneous2
- Lymphopenia ( lyp ) is a prerequisite for spontaneous type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the BioBreeding (BB) diabetes prone (DP) rat [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- rats, where 2 Mb of DP DNA was introgressed onto the BB diabetes resistant (DR) genetic background, are lymphopenic and 100% develop spontaneous T1D by 84 days of age [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Genome1
- BAC clones are available from RIKEN BioResource Center by NBRP Rat Genome Information Upgrading Program ( Kyoto University , RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, and Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics ) in Japan. (nig.ac.jp)
MeSH1
- Rats, Inbred F344" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
Mammals1
- As the majority of the genes are conserved among mammals, the use of inbred animal model systems may serve as a tool for identification of underlying genes and pathways involved in tumorigenesis in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Arterial2
- Inside our prior experimental function we considered an optimistic aftereffect of low-dose tacrolimus immunosuppression over the inhibition of severe cell- and antibody-mediated rejection of cold-stored arterial grafts in rats [13,14]. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
- Shown is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious SS ( n = 18), SS‐13 BN ( n = 15), and BN ( n = 16) rats exposed to a high‐salt (4.0% NaCl) diet for 4 weeks. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Chromosomes1
- The number bars represent chromosomes that were derived from SS (white) or BN (black). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Behavioral1
- Neuropathic pain in aged rats: behavioral responses and astrocytic activation. (omeka.net)
Alterations2
- At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
- In BN rats, resolution of immune alterations was further compromised by HF diet, as many exposure-induced alterations in local/systemic immune markers were still evident in HF/WF animals at 24wk. (cdc.gov)
Lung2
- however, diet appeared to preferentially impact SD rats at this time point, as several inflammatory markers (lymph node cellularity, lung neutrophils) were further elevated in HF over Reg animals. (cdc.gov)
- Collectively, HF diet appeared to have a greater impact on global immune status and exposure-induced lung injury in SD rats, but a more pronounced effect on inflammation resolution in BN rats. (cdc.gov)
Responses1
- 5) The asthmatic rats have early airway responses and late airway response in high prevalence, (6) showing high levels of specific IgE on active immunization (6) and airway eosinophilia. (indexarticles.com)
Microglial2
- In the current study, we examined the transcriptome of primary rat microglial cells following incubation with alcohol alone, or alcohol together with a robust inflammatory stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Microglial proliferation in the spinal cord of aged rats with a sciatic nerve injury. (omeka.net)
Exposure1
- Rats were euthanized at 7, 12, and 24wk to evaluate local and systemic immune markers corresponding to the baseline, exposure, and recovery phases of the study, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Gene1
- MiRNA data were integrated with gene expression data from the same rats to investigate how differentially expressed miRNAs affect the expression of predicted target gene transcripts. (diabetestalk.net)
Liver3
- However, the vitamin A liver concentration in the study rats was significantly lower compared to the naive rats. (indexarticles.com)
- Compared to wild-type BXH6 rats, BXH6-Tuft1 mutant rats exhibited lower body weight due to reduced visceral fat and ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and heart. (bvsalud.org)
- The expression of 170 miRNAs was measured in liver and adipose tissue of GK and BN rats. (diabetestalk.net)
Induction1
- In view of all the aforementioned, the objective of the present work was to make a comparative analysis of the protective effects derivable from riboflavin (B 2 ) and pyridoxine (B 6 ) on 5-HIAA and dopamine levels, as well as on selected markers of oxidative stress in rats' brain regions after an induction of Huntington's disease (HD). (biomedcentral.com)
Peripheral1
- Effect of aging on the substance P receptor, NK-1, in the spinal cord of rats with peripheral nerve injury. (omeka.net)
Model1
- Objective: To examine whether repeated allergen challenges could increase vitamin A consumption in a rat model. (indexarticles.com)
Investigate1
- These studies were designed to investigate how the aging process alters the spinal antinociceptive efficacy of mu (mu), delta (delta) and epsilon (epsilon) opioid receptor agonists administered intrathecally (i.t.) in rats. (omeka.net)
Regions1
- With transmission disequilibrium test analysis, significant association was detected in three chromosomal regions (on RNO1, RNO11, and RNO17) in the SPRD crosses and in the short arm of RNO20 in the BN crosses. (mcw.edu)
Clones1
- The various other population had taken on the looks of flattened clones termed flattened rat ESCs (f-rESCs). (researchhunt.com)
Analysis1
- MiR-125a also showed over-expression in the GK vs. BN analysis within adipose tissue (FC = 1.97, P = 0.078, P adjusted = 0.99), as did the previously reported miR-29a (FC = 1.51, P = 0.05, P adjusted = 0.99). (diabetestalk.net)
Acute1
- Acute adiponectin delivery is cardioprotective in the aged female rat heart. (jefferson.edu)
Response1
- In contrast, ACI rats have a persistent proliferative response to DES in mammary epithelium without a compensatory increase in apoptosis and was associated with extensive hyperplasia. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
Animals1
- Design: Allergic bronchitis was induced in 12 animals, and 12 rats remained naive. (indexarticles.com)
Animal models1
- If inbred animal models are used, then both the genetic constitution and environmental influences can be carefully controlled. (mcw.edu)
