Ranavirus
DNA Virus Infections
Iridovirus
Iridoviridae
Bufo bufo
Ranidae
Urodela
Skin Ulcer
Fish Diseases
Rana temporaria
Mimiviridae
Molecular characterization of a ranavirus isolated from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. (1/75)
An iridovirus, isolated from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides following a die-off among adult fish and provisionally designated largemouth bass virus (LMBV), was characterized by analysis of viral protein synthesis in infected cells, viral DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), and sequence determination of the major capsid protein and viral DNA methyltransferase genes. All 3 approaches yielded results consistent with the suggestion that LMBV was a member of the genus Ranavirus. Moreover, LMBV was nearly identical to 2 isolates from Southeast Asia which had been previously detected in imported ornamental fish. It remains to be determined whether infection of largemouth bass resulted from exposure to an imported virus, or whether the presence of similar viruses in southeast Asia and the southeastern United States indicates that iridovirus species are not geographically limited as suggested earlier, but rather globally distributed. (+info)Emerging infectious diseases and amphibian population declines. (2/75)
We review recent research on the pathology, ecology, and biogeography of two emerging infectious wildlife diseases, chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease, in the context of host-parasite population biology. We examine the role of these diseases in the global decline of amphibian populations and propose hypotheses for the origins and impact of these panzootics. Finally, we discuss emerging infectious diseases as a global threat to wildlife populations. (+info)Preliminary description of lesions in juvenile largemouth bass injected with largemouth bass virus. (3/75)
Juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were intraperitoneally injected with largemouth bass virus (LMBV), a member of the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. Moribund fish which had been injected with 10(6.2) tissue culture infectious doses, 50% endpoint (TCID50), were sampled 4 d after injection; other largemouth bass injected with this dose died between 3 and 5 d after injection. Fish injected with 10(2.8) TCID50 of LMBV were also examined after 4 d and had lesions similar to those of fish injected with the high dose. Clinical signs included darker pigmentation, inflammation and necrosis at the site of injection, distended abdomen, corkscrew swimming, and lateral recumbency. Internally, fish had focally pale livers, bright red spleens and reddened intestinal ceca. Histologically acute fibrinous peritonitis affected the surface of all organs in the peritoneal cavity, but deeper portions of organs appeared normal. There was also necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Except for the injection site, lesions were confined to the peritoneal cavity. (+info)Recovery of ranavirus dsDNA from formalin-fixed archival material. (4/75)
The extraction and amplification of nucleic acid from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues has become an important exercise in the collection of retrospective epidemiological data. A protocol is described that enables the extraction and amplification of dsDNA from fixed tissues within paraffin blocks and from specimens stored in 10% (aq) formalin. The procedure can be used for the examination of ranavirus DNA within archival tissues thereby providing valuable data for identifying the origin and tracing the spread of ranaviruses. (+info)Inactivation of frog virus 3 and channel catfish virus by esculentin-2P and ranatuerin-2P, two antimicrobial peptides isolated from frog skin. (5/75)
While it is clear that some amphibian populations have recently experienced precipitous declines, the causes of those die-offs are complex and likely involve multiple variables. One theory suggests that environmental factors may trigger events that result in depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infectious disease. Here we examine one aspect of innate immunity in amphibians and show that esculentin-2P (E2P) and ranatuerin-2P (R2P), two antimicrobial peptides isolated from Rana pipiens, inactivate frog virus 3, a potentially pathogenic iridovirus infecting anurans, and channel catfish herpesvirus. In contrast to mammalian antimicrobial peptides, E2P and R2P act within minutes, at temperatures as low as 0 degrees C, to inhibit viral infectivity. Moreover, these compounds appear to inactivate the virus directly and do not act by inhibiting replication in infected cells. This is the first report linking amphibian antimicrobial peptides with protection from an amphibian viral pathogen and suggests that these compounds may play a role in maintaining amphibian health. (+info)Transmission of the Ambystoma tigrinum virus to alternative hosts. (6/75)
Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV) is a lethal virus originally isolated from Sonora tiger salamanders Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi in the San Rafael Valley in southern Arizona. USA. ATV is implicated in several salamander epizootics. We attempted to transmit ATV experimentally to fish and amphibians by injection, water bath exposure, or feeding to test whether ATV can cause clinical signs of infection or be recovered from exposed individuals that do not show clinical signs. Cell culture and polymerase chain reaction of the viral major capsid protein gene were used for viral detection. Salamanders and newts became infected with ATV and the virus was recovered from these animals, but virus could not be recovered from any of the frogs or fish tested. These results suggest that ATV may only infect urodeles and that fish and frogs may not be susceptible to ATV infection. (+info)Experimental challenge and clinical cases of Bohle iridovirus (BIV) in native Australian anurans. (7/75)
Ranaviruses have been observed with increasing frequency amongst poikilothermic vertebrate hosts. The impact of ranaviruses upon amphibian populations has remained largely unknown. A gene probe for Bohle iridovirus (BIV) based upon primers designed to detect epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) was constructed. A PCR and dot-blot system was used successfully in screening for the presence of BIV nucleic acid in digested formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded amphibian tissues. Juvenile frogs were more susceptible to BIV than adults. In experimental challenges and epizootics in captive frogs, juvenile Litoria caerulea, L. alboguttata, Cyclorana brevipes and Pseudophryne coriacea were acutely susceptible. High mortality (at or near 100%) resulted, usually occurring within 5 to 25 d depending on dose and method of exposure. Histopathological changes included mainly hepatic, renal and splenic necroses. Significant haemosiderosis was encountered in more chronically infected frogs. BIV could be reisolated from juvenile L. caerulea >40 d after inoculation, and >200 d after the first mortalities occurred in an epizootic in L. alboguttata. Adult L. rubella, L. inermis, L. caerulea, Cophixalus ornatus and Taudactylus acutirostris were less susceptible in trials ranging from 30 to > 100 d. There was some evidence of chronic infection, and BIV could be detected by PCR. Wild moribund adult L. caerulea from Townsville and captive juvenile Pseudophryne corieacea from Sydney undergoing mortality tested positive with the BIV PCR. PCR and dot blot was more sensitive than viral isolation. PCR could detect BIV in amphibians long after BIV challenge, and in amphibians which appeared healthy. Ranaviruses could be having an impact on Australian herpetofauna. (+info)Characterization of a novel ranavirus isolated from grouper Epinephelus tauvina. (8/75)
A large icosahedral virus was isolated from diseased grouper Epinephelus tauvina. The virus grew well in several cultured fish cell lines, with stable and high infectivity after serial passages in grouper cell line (GP). The virus was sensitive to both acid and heat treatments. Virus replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUDR), indicative of a DNA-containing genome. The virus infectivity was reduced with ether treatment, suggesting that the virus was lipid-enveloped. Electron micrographs showed abundant cytoplasmic icosahedral virons in the virus-infected GP cells. The size of the intracellular nucleocapsid was 154 nm between the opposite sides, or 176 nm between the opposite vertices with an inner electron-dense core of 93 nm. Virus particles were released through budding from plasma membranes with a size of 200 nm in diameter. SDS-PAGE of purified virus revealed 20 structural protein bands and a major capsid protein (MCP) of 49 kDa. A DNA fragment of approximately 500 nucleotides was successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers from conserved regions of the MCP gene of frog virus 3 (FV3), the type species of Ranavirus. Subsequent multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly isolated grouper virus was closely related to largemouth bass virus (LMBV), FV3 and Regina ranavirus (RRV). Our data suggests that the virus isolate is a novel member of genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. We tentatively name the virus as Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). SGIV was able to cause serious systemic disease capable of killing 96% of grouper fry. (+info)Ranavirus is a genus of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect amphibians, reptiles, and fish. It belongs to the family Iridoviridae and subfamily Ranavirinae. This virus can cause a disease known as ranaviral disease, which is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions, liver necrosis, and high mortality in infected animals. The virus can be transmitted through water, direct contact with infected animals, or consumption of infected prey. It is a significant concern for wildlife conservation and aquaculture.
DNA virus infections refer to diseases or conditions caused by the invasion and replication of DNA viruses in a host organism. DNA viruses are a type of virus that uses DNA as their genetic material. They can cause a variety of diseases, ranging from relatively mild illnesses to severe or life-threatening conditions.
Some examples of DNA viruses include herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and adenoviruses. These viruses can cause a range of diseases, including cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, shingles, cervical cancer, liver cancer, and respiratory infections.
DNA virus infections typically occur when the virus enters the body through a break in the skin or mucous membranes, such as those found in the eyes, nose, mouth, or genitals. Once inside the body, the virus infects cells and uses their machinery to replicate itself, often causing damage to the host cells in the process.
The symptoms of DNA virus infections can vary widely depending on the specific virus and the severity of the infection. Treatment may include antiviral medications, which can help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as prevent the spread of the virus to others. In some cases, vaccines may be available to prevent DNA virus infections.
Iridovirus is a type of double-stranded DNA virus that infects a wide range of hosts, including insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The name "iridovirus" comes from the iridescent appearance often seen on the infected host's skin or scales. These viruses can cause serious diseases in their hosts, leading to significant mortality, especially in farmed species. Iridoviruses are transmitted horizontally through various routes such as direct contact with infected individuals, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and vertical transmission from parent to offspring. The virions (virus particles) are icosahedral in shape and measure between 120-300 nanometers in diameter. Iridoviruses have a broad host range but typically cause cytopathic effects in the infected cells, leading to tissue damage and organ failure in the host.
Iridoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The name "iridovirus" comes from the Greek word "iris," meaning rainbow, due to the characteristic iridescent coloration of infected insects' cuticles.
Iridoviruses are large, icosahedral virions with a diameter of approximately 120-300 nanometers. They have a complex internal structure, including a lipid membrane and several protein layers. The genome of iridoviruses is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that ranges in size from about 100 to 200 kilobases.
Iridoviruses can cause a variety of diseases in their hosts, including hemorrhagic septicemia, hepatopancreatic necrosis, and developmental abnormalities. Infection typically occurs through ingestion or injection of viral particles, and the virus replicates in the host's nuclei.
There are several genera within the family Iridoviridae, including Ranavirus, Lymphocystivirus, Megalocyivirus, and Iridovirus. Each genus has a specific host range and causes distinct clinical symptoms. For example, ranaviruses infect amphibians, reptiles, and fish, while lymphocystiviruses primarily infect teleost fish.
Iridoviruses are of interest to medical researchers because they have potential as biological control agents for pests and vectors of human diseases, such as mosquitoes and ticks. However, their use as biocontrol agents is still being studied, and there are concerns about the potential ecological impacts of releasing iridoviruses into the environment.
'Bufo bufo' is the scientific name for a species of toad commonly known as the common toad or European toad. It belongs to the family Bufonidae and is native to many parts of Europe and western Asia. The toad is typically characterized by its warty skin, large parotoid glands behind its eyes, and a dull yellow or brownish color.
The parotoid glands of Bufo bufo contain a toxic secretion that can be harmful if ingested or comes into contact with mucous membranes, making the toad unpalatable to many predators. The toxin can cause irritation and may lead to respiratory and cardiac problems in some animals, including pets and humans.
While Bufo bufo is not typically aggressive, it will defend itself if threatened by inflating its body, lifting its hind legs, and releasing the toxic secretion from its glands. The common toad is primarily a terrestrial animal but requires access to water for breeding, and it feeds on a variety of small invertebrates such as insects, worms, and slugs.
"Ranidae" is not a medical term. It is a biological term that refers to a family of frogs and toads, commonly known as "true frogs." These amphibians are characterized by their long legs, webbed feet, and the ability to live both in water and on land. Some examples of ranids include the American bullfrog and the green frog.
Urodela is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in the field of biology. It refers to a group of amphibians commonly known as newts and salamanders. These creatures are characterized by their slender bodies, moist skin, and four legs. They undergo a process of metamorphosis during their development, transitioning from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult stage.
While not a medical term itself, understanding the biology and ecology of Urodela can be relevant in fields such as environmental health and toxicology, where these animals may serve as indicators of ecosystem health or potential subjects for studying the effects of pollutants on living organisms.
A skin ulcer is a defined as a loss of continuity or disruption of the skin surface, often accompanied by inflammation and/or infection. These lesions can result from various causes including pressure, venous or arterial insufficiency, diabetes, and chronic dermatological conditions. Skin ulcers are typically characterized by their appearance, depth, location, and underlying cause. Common types of skin ulcers include pressure ulcers (also known as bedsores), venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. Proper evaluation, wound care, management of underlying conditions, and prevention strategies are crucial in the treatment of skin ulcers to promote healing and prevent complications.
"Fish diseases" is a broad term that refers to various health conditions and infections affecting fish populations in aquaculture, ornamental fish tanks, or wild aquatic environments. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors such as water quality, temperature, and stress.
Some common examples of fish diseases include:
1. Bacterial diseases: Examples include furunculosis (caused by Aeromonas salmonicida), columnaris disease (caused by Flavobacterium columnare), and enteric septicemia of catfish (caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri).
2. Viral diseases: Examples include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in salmonids, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and koi herpesvirus (KHV).
3. Fungal diseases: Examples include saprolegniasis (caused by Saprolegnia spp.) and cotton wool disease (caused by Aphanomyces spp.).
4. Parasitic diseases: Examples include ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), costia, trichodina, and various worm infestations such as anchor worms (Lernaea spp.) and tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium spp.).
5. Environmental diseases: These are caused by poor water quality, temperature stress, or other environmental factors that weaken the fish's immune system and make them more susceptible to infections. Examples include osmoregulatory disorders, ammonia toxicity, and low dissolved oxygen levels.
It is essential to diagnose and treat fish diseases promptly to prevent their spread among fish populations and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems. Preventative measures such as proper sanitation, water quality management, biosecurity practices, and vaccination can help reduce the risk of fish diseases in both farmed and ornamental fish settings.
"Rana temporaria" is the scientific name for the common European frog, also known as the grass frog. It's a widespread species found throughout Europe and into western Asia. These frogs are typically brown or green in color with darker spots, and they can change their color to some extent based on their environment. They are semi-aquatic, spending time both in water and on land, and are known for their distinctive mating call.
However, if you're looking for a medical definition, there isn't one for "Rana temporaria." The term is strictly biological and refers to this specific species of frog.
Mimiviridae is a family of large, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect amoebae. These viruses are characterized by their complex structure and large genome size, which can contain up to 1,200 genes. Mimiviridae viruses have a icosahedral capsid with a diameter of about 700 nanometers and a unique vertex where the viral DNA is packed. They also have a lipid membrane beneath the capsid.
Mimiviridae viruses are known to cause lysogenic infections, meaning that they can integrate their genome into the host's chromosome and replicate along with it. They can also cause lytic infections, leading to the death of the host cell and the release of new virus particles.
Mimiviridae viruses have been found in various environments, including water, soil, and dust. Some researchers have suggested that they may play a role in shaping microbial communities and influencing the evolution of their hosts. However, more research is needed to fully understand the ecological and evolutionary significance of these fascinating viruses.
Phycodnaviridae is a family of large, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect various types of algae, including both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species. These viruses have a complex structure, with a capsid made up of multiple proteins and an outer lipid membrane. They are also known to contain various enzymes and other accessory proteins that are involved in the replication and packaging of their genomes.
Phycodnaviridae viruses are significant in marine ecosystems, where they play a role in regulating algal populations and contributing to nutrient cycling. Some members of this family have also been studied for their potential as sources of new genes and biomolecules with industrial or medical applications. However, it is important to note that these viruses can also cause harmful blooms or "red tides" in some aquatic environments, which can have negative impacts on fisheries and other marine resources.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Ranavirus
Japanese tree frog
North American box turtle
Frog
Tiger salamander
Chinese giant salamander
Megalocytivirus
Lymphocystivirus
Amy Greer
Belostoma flumineum
Italian agile frog
Alpine newt
Eastern box turtle
Common frog
Eastern newt
Jessica Hua
Eastern mud turtle
Telmatobius macrostomus
Iridoviridae
Pristimantis lindae
Smooth newt
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Decline in amphibian populations
List of virus genera
List of MeSH codes (B04)
Frog legs
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
List of virus species
Rick Speare
Ranavirus - Wikipedia
Amphibians Infected By Ranavirus Found In Atlantic Rain Forest - Eurasia Review
Study predicts ranavirus as potential new culprit in amphibian extinctions
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Presence of Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Among Amphibians of Catoctin Mountain Park, Maryland: Pathogen,...
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Amphibians15
- There are six other genera of viruses within the family Iridoviridae, but Ranavirus is the only one that includes viruses that are infectious to amphibians and reptiles. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike Megalocytiviruses, however, Ranavirus infections in amphibians have been implicated as a contributing factor in the global decline of amphibian populations. (wikipedia.org)
- The ranaviruses appear to have evolved from a fish virus which subsequently infected amphibians and reptiles. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Ranavirus contains three viruses known to infect amphibians (Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV), Bohle iridovirus (BIV), and frog virus 3). (wikipedia.org)
- Ranaviruses have been isolated from wild populations of amphibians in Australia, but have not been associated with mass mortality on that continent. (wikipedia.org)
- Ranavirus infections in amphibians have been known since the 1960s, but it wasn't until the 1980s when they were associated with large-scale mortality and disease. (nimbios.org)
- Objectives of this study were to determine the presence of the amphibian pathogens, Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis , in Catoctin Mountain Park, to determine whether overt disease occurs among amphibians related to these pathogens, and to identify potential environmental variables (i.e., contaminants) correlated with either pathogen. (vin.com)
- Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was identified in larval amphibians collected from two pond sites, and Ranavirus was identified in specimens collected from four pond sites and one stream site. (vin.com)
- Some viruses have a wide target range such as iridoviruses (called ranaviruses in Australia) which attack most cold blooded animals including fish, reptiles and amphibians while others are quite specialised and attack only one type of animal such as Chronic Wasting Disease of cervids (deer and elk). (frogsafe.org.au)
- In amphibians , ranaviruses are increasingly detected and can cause systemic disease and mass mortality in these animals. (laboklin.com)
- The ranaviruses (Family: Iridoviridae) are a group of emerging pathogens in amphibians. (qmul.ac.uk)
- To test the two different hypotheses for the transmission/maintenance of ranavirus(es) in North American amphibians, investigations into the life history stages of common frogs (Rana temporaria) affected by the ranavirus were undertaken. (qmul.ac.uk)
- Detecting the Extent of Mortality Events from Ranavirus in Amphibians of the Northeastern U.S. (northeastwildlifediversity.org)
- Smithsonian scientists and partners believe genetic diversity could hold the key to saving amphibians from Ranavirus, a pathogen that is particularly devastating to frogs and toads in the U.S. (si.edu)
- Ranavirus belongs to the family Iridoviridae, and causes an emergent infectious disease that affects different species, especially fish, reptiles and amphibians, with a significant contribution to the decline of the population. (intechopen.com)
Batrachochytrium6
- The impact of Ranaviruses on amphibian populations has been compared to the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of chytridiomycosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Two of the bullfrogs studied had been coinfected by ranavirus and by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, also known as Bd or amphibian chytrid fungus, which causes chytridiomycosis and is responsible for the greatest biodiversity loss due to a single pathogen ever recorded. (eurasiareview.com)
- Jessica Whinfield , Reid Tingley , Alison Tweedie , Jasmin Hufschmid , and Paul Hick "Alien Smooth Newts ( Lissotriton vulgaris ) in Australia Are Infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis but Test Negative for Ranaviruses," Journal of Wildlife Diseases 58(1), 248-250, (4 January 2022). (bioone.org)
- Although both have received much scrutiny, little is known about interactions between the 2 causative agents Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranavirus (Rv) at the individual host and population levels. (slu.se)
- Two of these diseases are amphibian chytridiomycosis caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and a viral disease caused by different ranaviruses (Rv). (researchgate.net)
- Here I'll discuss the potential for skin bacteria to mitigate infection by two key amphibian pathogens, the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and the virus ranavirus. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Pathogen2
- KNOXVILLE-Amphibian declines and extinctions around the world have been linked to an emerging fungal disease called chytridiomycosis, but new research from the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) shows that another pathogen, ranavirus, may also contribute. (nimbios.org)
- Pathogen surveillance and detection of Ranavirus ( frog virus 3 ) in translocated gopher tortoises ( Gopherus polyphemus ). (cabi.org)
Pathogens3
- The aim of the project was to investigate the dynamics of ranavirus in different species of anurans (frogs and toads), its interaction with other pathogens, and possible imbalances or threats to populations of these animals in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. (eurasiareview.com)
- We highlight that sites housing species carrying Ranavirus seems to have experienced more severe population-level effects compared to those with the amphibian chytrid fungus, and that ranaviruses could be just as, or more important, other more high-profile amphibian emerging pathogens. (ljmu.ac.uk)
- Ranaviruses are group of pathogens introduced in Europe from abroad most likely via the exotic pet trade, with goldfish or bullfrog transports. (froglife.org)
Effects of ranavirus1
- The study used mathematical simulations based on long-term data sets from wild populations of wood frogs in eastern United States and laboratory data on the effects of ranavirus. (nimbios.org)
Genus4
- Ranavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Iridoviridae. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Ranavirus is comprised of highly infectious viruses that are found worldwide and are often lethal to aquatic and terrestrial cold-blooded wildlife. (paimapinvasives.org)
- The virus was characterized by electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis of a portion of the major capsid protein as a member of the genus Ranavirus. (ncsu.edu)
- Amphibian chytrid fungi and the viruses of the Ranavirus genus are causing disease outbreaks worldwide, including in protected areas such as National Parks. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Iridoviridae1
- Ranavirus is a enveloped double-stranded DNA virus and belong to the family Iridoviridae. (laboklin.com)
Infection5
- Researchers have found bullfrog tadpoles with clear signs of infection by ranavirus in Brazil. (eurasiareview.com)
- Now that we've found cases of infection by ranavirus, we wonder if it hasn't also caused declines or extinctions," Toledo said. (eurasiareview.com)
- Ranavirus infection could contribute to extinction of wood frogs in populations that are demographically isolated. (nimbios.org)
- The most widely distributed amphibian species in North America, wood frogs have been shown to be highly susceptible to ranavirus infection, particularly as tadpoles. (nimbios.org)
- Just as the chytrid fungus has decimated frog populations, the results of our study suggest that ranavirus infection too could contribute to extinction of amphibian populations that are demographically isolated," said lead author and NIMBioS postdoctoral fellow Julia Earl . (nimbios.org)
Species4
- It is unlikely that ranaviruses persist in the environment outside of host species between outbreak events. (wikipedia.org)
- Once exposed to ranavirus, in susceptible species like wood frogs, mortality can be as quick as three days. (nimbios.org)
- Ranavirus kills large numbers of European common frogs - the species most often seen in UK po. (innovationtoronto.com)
- The new study from 2015 looks at associations between the severity of the ranavirus incidence and the presence of other species in the pond or differences in pond management. (froglife.org)
20231
- 2023. Prevalence of ranavirus in spotted salamander larvae from created vernal pools in West Virginia, USA. (clemson.edu)
Mortality events3
- As with Megalocytiviruses, Ranavirus outbreaks are therefore of considerable economic importance in aquaculture, as epizootics can result in moderate fish loss or mass mortality events of cultured fishes. (wikipedia.org)
- Amphibian mass mortality events due to Ranavirus have been reported in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. (wikipedia.org)
- Ranavirus(es) were introduced to the UK in the late 1980s and have been associated with mass mortality events in common frogs (Rana temporaria) in south east England. (qmul.ac.uk)
Iridovirus2
- The panel of ranavirus isolates included: Frog virus 3 (FV3), Bohle iridovirus (BIV), Pike-perch iridovirus (PPIV), European catfish virus (ECV), European sheatfish virus (ESV), EHNV, Doctor fish virus (DFV), Guppy virus 6 (GF6), short-finned eel virus (SERV) and Rana esculenta virus Italy 282/102 (REV 282/102). (dtu.dk)
- One of the ranaviruses that has already been found in wild caught Australian frogs is Bohle Iridovirus (BIV). (frogsafe.org.au)
Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus2
- The optimal in vitro propagation procedure for a panel of ranavirus isolates and the best method for isolation of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) from organ material in cell-culture were investigated. (dtu.dk)
- An exotic ranavirus known by the acronym of ENHV (Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus) occurs in New South Wales. (frogsafe.org.au)
Isolates2
- Ranaviruses grow in vitro between 8-30 °C, however for most isolates, warmer temperature result in faster viral replication. (wikipedia.org)
- Experimental work examining the association between ranavirus isolates from different hosts in common frog and common toad (Bufo bufo) tadpoles was also performed. (qmul.ac.uk)
Chytridiomycosis1
- Disinfection of Field Equipment to Minimize Risk of Spread of Chytridiomycosis and Ranavirus. (californiaherps.com)
Fungus1
- Both of them can be killed by a ranavirus and a fungus disease called Chytrid . (franstallings.com)
Viruses2
- The Ranaviruses, like the Megalocytiviruses, are an emerging group of closely related dsDNA viruses which cause systemic infections in a wide variety of wild and cultured fresh and saltwater fishes. (wikipedia.org)
- Ranaviruses are large icosahedral DNA viruses measuring approximately 150 nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA genome of roughly 105 kbp which codes for around 100 gene products. (wikipedia.org)
Reptiles1
- In reptiles , ranavirus occur especially in chelonians, where they are associated with stomatitis, rhinitis, pneumonia and liver disease. (laboklin.com)
Populations6
- In a series of mathematical models, researchers showed that ranavirus, which causes severe hemorrhage of internal organs in frogs, could cause extinction of isolated populations of wood frogs if they are exposed to the virus every few years, a scenario that has been documented in wild populations. (nimbios.org)
- The study, published in the journal EcoHealth , investigates the effect of ranavirus on the entire life cycle of wood frogs in demographically isolated populations, where there is no movement of frogs into the population from surrounding areas. (nimbios.org)
- Extinction was most likely to occur when the tadpole or metamorph was exposed to ranavirus at frequent intervals in small populations. (nimbios.org)
- Introduction of ranavirus to isolated wood frog populations could cause local extinction. (nimbios.org)
- A mathematical model was developed to investigate if the ranavirus could be maintained in populations of common frogs when only adult-to-adult horizontal transmission of the ranavirus occurred. (qmul.ac.uk)
- 2010) based from data collected as part of the same Froglife project, that common frog populations, particularly in the SE of England, have been strongly impacted by ranavirus. (froglife.org)
Rana3
- Rana is derived from the Latin for "frog", reflecting the first isolation of a Ranavirus in 1960s from the Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens). (wikipedia.org)
- North American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) metamorphs infected with ranavirus RCV-JP. (cdc.gov)
- Ranavirus ecology in common frogs (Rana Temporaria) from United Kingdom: transmission dynamics, alternate hosts and host-strain interactions. (qmul.ac.uk)
Tortoises1
- This article summarizes recent literature and clinical experiences regarding 4 emerging infectious diseases in turtles and tortoises: ranaviruses, cryptosporidiosis, intranuclear coccodiosis of Testudines, and Emydomyces testavorans. (illinois.edu)
Cannibalism1
- Transmission of ranaviruses is thought to occur by multiple routes, including contaminated soil, direct contact, waterborne exposure, and ingestion of infected tissues during predation, necrophagy or cannibalism. (wikipedia.org)
Isolation2
- This permitted for the identification of new amphibian host and for the isolation and characterization of ranaviruses from different hosts. (qmul.ac.uk)
- Re-isolation of ranavirus was confirmed by IFAT and was con- sistently associated with dead or moribund fish in the trial groups challenged with EHNV. (dtu.dk)
Infections1
- There is evidence that ranavirus infections target macrophages as a mechanism for gaining entry to cells. (wikipedia.org)
Occur1
- In amphibian systems, Ranaviruses transmission can occur between vertebrate classes through direct contact, by scavenging or through virus particles persisting in the environment. (intechopen.com)
Dynamics1
- This is the first attempt to mathematically quantify the dynamics of a ranavirus. (qmul.ac.uk)
Common frogs1
- This thesis begins the process of the eludication of the ecology of the ranavirus in common frogs. (qmul.ac.uk)
Lizards1
- In lizards, ranavirus seem to have a role in skin lesions, stomatitis, granulomatous changes and mass mortality. (laboklin.com)
Virus2
- The environmental persistence of Ranaviruses is not understood well, however in realistic environmental conditions the T90 value of an FV3-like virus is 1 day. (wikipedia.org)
- As part of its genetic engineering project to create a virus which interferes with toad metamorphosis (see our GMO toad virus page ), CSIRO found that antibodies against ranavirus were present in cane toads caught in Australia. (frogsafe.org.au)
Disease3
- L. catesbeianus can be infected with ranavirus without contracting any disease, thereby acting as a vector for its dissemination. (eurasiareview.com)
- Clinical signs of the Ranavirus disease include swelling of an animal's legs and body, internal hemorrhaging, redness of the legs and vent, and discoloration of internal organs. (paimapinvasives.org)
- Ranavirus is an emerging disease of chelonians. (vin.com)
Declines2
- It determined that the life stage during which a frog was exposed to ranavirus was one of the most important factors in determining extinction and declines. (nimbios.org)
- Is ranavirus behind frog population declines? (nimbios.org)
Fundamental1
- A Biosafety Plan is a fundamental tool in the Ranaviruses prevention and include educational and training programs, relevant to the mission of a Higher Education Institution. (intechopen.com)
Decline1
- Ranavirus is linked to amphibian decline or extinction in other parts of the world, but in Brazil, it has been reported only in captive animals. (eurasiareview.com)
Extinction1
- The egg stage had a 57 percent survival rate when exposed to ranavirus, which was high enough to prevent extinction. (nimbios.org)
Research2
- But little research has been done into how ranavirus affects frogs at all stages of their life cycle - from egg to hatchling to tadpole to metamorph, the stage when they emerge as frogs. (nimbios.org)
- There are likely to be many other Australian cases where frogs have died from ranavirus but this research has, sadly, not attracted much funding or official interest thus far. (frogsafe.org.au)
Spread1
- For information on how to prevent the spread of the Ranavirus, be sure to view information provided on the ' Clean Your Gear ' page. (paimapinvasives.org)
Found3
- The discovery causes concern, as it's the first time ranavirus has been found in nature here. (eurasiareview.com)
- Ranavirus is also found in fish . (laboklin.com)
- This spring a snapping turtle found in Hamilton's Cootes Paradise was confirmed to have been infected with ranavirus. (ontarionature.org)
Conservation1
- Fact source: The Wildlife Department and the Sam Noble Museum of Natural History have been tracking ranavirus and Chytrid in 36 of Oklahoma's conservation areas. (franstallings.com)
Potential2
- The potential of alternate or reservoir hosts of the ranavirus(es) in the UK were also examined. (qmul.ac.uk)
- The wood frogs appear to be victims of the hemorrhage-causing ranavirus, a potential peril that Kleopfer's team will begin investigating this February. (appvoices.org)
Skin1
- Ranavirus causes skin ulcerations, edema and internal hemorrhage. (eurasiareview.com)
Host2
- Ranaviruses enter the host cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Ranaviruses are relatively stable in aquatic environments, persisting several weeks or longer outside a host organism. (wikipedia.org)
Positive1
- They were positive for a ranavirus but it wasn't clear if ENHV was responsible. (frogsafe.org.au)