Radiation protection, also known as radiation safety, is the science and practice of protecting people and the environment from harmful ionizing radiation exposure while allowing for the safe medical, industrial, and research uses of such radiation.
The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards.
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film).
High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft.
Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.
"In the context of medicine, 'History' refers to the detailed narrative account of a patient's past and present health conditions, symptoms, treatments, lifestyle, and other relevant information, obtained through interviewing the patient or their significant others."
Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.
Radioactive air pollution refers to the presence and circulation of radioactive particles or gases in the atmosphere, originating from human activities such as nuclear power plant accidents, nuclear weapons testing, or improper disposal of radioactive waste, which can pose significant health risks to living organisms due to ionizing radiation exposure.
The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.
The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.
Organizations involved in all aspects of health planning activities.
The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Personal devices for protection of the eyes from impact, flying objects, glare, liquids, or injurious radiation.
Health concerns associated with the effects of radiation on the environment and on public and personal health.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or sonic radiation (SOUND WAVES) which does not produce IONS in matter through which it passes. The wavelengths of non-ionizing electromagentic radiation are generally longer than those of far ultraviolet radiation and range through the longest RADIO WAVES.
Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of radiology. The applications center mostly around x-ray or radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but the technological applications of any radiation or radiologic procedure is within the scope of radiologic technology.
The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or roentgen rays.
The forces and principles of action of matter and energy.
Clothing designed to protect the individual against possible exposure to known hazards.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. The wavelengths of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays.
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.
Uncontrolled release of radioactive material from its containment. This either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a radioactive hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately.
The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.
Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.
A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy, balloon angioplasty, and arterial embolization.
The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.
Emission or propagation of acoustic waves (SOUND), ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY waves (such as LIGHT; RADIO WAVES; GAMMA RAYS; or X-RAYS), or a stream of subatomic particles (such as ELECTRONS; NEUTRONS; PROTONS; or ALPHA PARTICLES).
Fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces.
The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.
Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)
A subspecialty of medical oncology and radiology concerned with the radiotherapy of cancer.
Experimentally produced harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing RADIATION in CHORDATA animals.
Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Travel beyond the earth's atmosphere.
The fifth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its sixteen natural satellites include Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, and Io.

MIRD Pamphlet No. 14 revised: A dynamic urinary bladder model for radiation dose calculations. Task Group of the MIRD Committee, Society of Nuclear Medicine. (1/472)

The constant-volume urinary bladder model in the standard MIRD Pamphlet No. 5 (Revised) phantom has recognized limitations. Various investigators have developed detailed models incorporating more physiologically realistic features, such as expanding bladder contents and residual volume, and variable urinary input rate, initial volume and first void time. We have reviewed these published models and have developed a new model for calculation of radiation absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall incorporating these aspects. METHODS: The model consists of a spherical source with variable volume to simulate the bladder contents and a wall represented by a spherical shell of constant volume. The wall thickness varies as the source expands or contracts. The model provides for variable urine entry rate (three different hydration states), initial bladder contents volume, residual volume and first void time. The voiding schedule includes an extended nighttime gap during which the urine entry rate is reduced to one-half the daytime rate. RESULTS: Radiation-absorbed dose estimates have been calculated for the bladder wall surface (including photon and electron components) and at several depths in the wall (electron component) for 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 99mTc-HEDP, 99mTc-pertechnetate, 99mTc-red blood cells (RBCs), 99mTc-glucoheptonate, 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglicine chelator (MAG3), 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP), 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA), 99mTc-MIBI (rest and stress), 123I-/124I-/131I-OIH, 123I/131I-NaI, 125I-iothalamate, 111In-DTPA and 89Sr-SrCl. CONCLUSION: The new model tends to give a higher radiation absorbed dose to the bladder wall surface than the previous models. Large initial bladder volumes and higher rates of urine flow into the bladder result in lower bladder wall dose. The optimal first voiding time is from 40 min to 3 hr postadministration, depending on radiopharmaceutical. The data as presented in tabular and graphic form for each compound provide guidance for establishing radiation absorbed dose reduction protocols.  (+info)

Practical aspects of radiation safety for using fluorine-18. (2/472)

The use of positron-emitting nuclides is becoming routine in nuclear medicine departments today. Introducing these nuclides into the nuclear medicine department can be a smooth transition by instituting educational lectures, radiation safety protocols and patient education. The radiation safety concerns of the technical staff, physicians and ancillary personnel are important and must be addressed. Nuclear medicine departments can be optimistic about implementing PET imaging while staying well within ALARA guidelines. After reading this article, the technologist should be able to: (a) describe at least three ways to reduce the radiation dose to the technologist during the performance of PET imaging procedures with 18F; (b) discuss the relationships between gamma-ray energy, the amount of activity administered to a patient, exposure time and occupational dose; and (c) describe one strategy to minimize the radiation dose to the bladder in patients who have received 18F.  (+info)

Radiation exposure from gallium-67-citrate patients. (3/472)

OBJECTIVE: Serial monitoring of patients was performed to determine the radiation exposure contributed by patients injected with 67Ga-citrate to their surroundings. Radiology and nursing staff distance exposure estimates were made for various patient care tasks and imaging tests. METHODS: Fifteen adult patients were surveyed early (mean 4.3 min) and 11 of the 15 were surveyed at 3 d (mean 68.8 h) postinjection. The standard adult lymphoma imaging activity of 333-407 MBq (9-11 mCi) resulted in a range of 3.7-8.1 MBq/kg (0.1-0.22 mCi/kg). Dose rate measurements were made in the anterior, posterior, and left and right lateral projections at the level of the umbilicus, at distances of patient's surface and at 30.5 cm and 100 cm with a calibrated ion chamber. Time of contact-routine task analyses also were obtained for nursing and radiology personnel. Using a radiation survey-derived biexponential pharmacokinetic relationship, radiation exposures were determined for hospital personnel and family members at various times after injection. RESULTS: Based on the study population survey results, the mean instantaneous exposures (microSv/h) for an administered activity of 370 MBq (10 mCi) 67Ga-citrate were determined. The task analyses revealed the maximum patient contact time for any procedure performed at a distance equal to, or less than, 30.5 cm was 30 min. CONCLUSION: The quantitation of radiation exposure scenarios from 67Ga-citrate patients has determined that no special precautions are necessary for medical personnel when performing routine tasks associated with these patients.  (+info)

Bremsstrahlung radiation exposure from pure beta-ray emitters. (4/472)

With increasing therapeutic use of radionuclides that emit relatively high-energy (>1 MeV) beta-rays and the production in vivo of bremsstrahlung sufficient for external imaging, the potential external radiation hazard warrants evaluation. METHODS: The exposure from a patient administered beta-ray-emitting radionuclides has been calculated by extending the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement model of a point source in air to account for biologic elimination of activity, the probability of bremsstrahlung production in vivo and its mean energy and the absorption by the patient's body of the bremsstrahlung thus produced. To facilitate such calculations, a quantity called the "specific bremsstrahlung constant" (in C/kg-cm2/MBq-h), betaBr, was devised and calculated for several radionuclides. The specific bremsstrahlung constant is the bremsstrahlung exposure rate (in C/kg/h) in air at 1 cm from a 1 MBq beta-ray emitter of a specified maximum beta-ray energy and frequency of emission in a medium of a specified effective atomic number. RESULTS: For pure beta-ray emitters, the retained activities at which patients can be released from medical confinement (i.e., below which the effective dose equivalent at 1 m will not exceed the maximum recommended value of 0.5 cSv for infrequently exposed members of the general public) are extremely large: on the order of hundreds of thousands to millions of megabecquerels. CONCLUSION: Radionuclide therapy with pure beta-ray emitters, even high-energy beta-ray emitters emitted in bone, does not require medical confinement of patients for radiation protection.  (+info)

Internal radionuclide radiation dosimetry: a review of basic concepts and recent developments. (5/472)

Internal dosimetry deals with the determination of the amount and the spatial and temporal distribution of radiation energy deposited in tissue by radionuclides within the body. Nuclear medicine has been largely a diagnostic specialty, and model-derived average organ dose estimates for risk assessment, the traditional application of the MIRD schema, have proven entirely adequate. However, to the extent that specific patients deviate kinetically and anatomically from the model used, such dose estimates will be inaccurate. With the increasing therapeutic application of internal radionuclides and the need for greater accuracy, radiation dosimetry in nuclear medicine is evolving from population- and organ-average to patient- and position-specific dose estimation. Beginning with the relevant quantities and units, this article reviews the historical methods and newly developed concepts and techniques to characterize radionuclide radiation doses. The latter include the 3 principal approaches to the calculation of macroscopic nonuniform dose distributions: dose point-kernel convolution, Monte Carlo simulation, and voxel S factors. Radiation dosimetry in "sensitive" populations, including pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children, also will be reviewed.  (+info)

A simple solution to prevent the loss of radioactive spot markers. (6/472)

OBJECTIVE: Most nuclear medicine technologists have experienced the misplacing and/or the loss of a radioactive spot marker. We report on a simple solution to prevent or at least minimize the loss of radioactive spot markers. METHODS: One end of a metallic beaded chain was attached to the side of 57Co spot marker using repair putty. The other end of the beaded chain was attached to a lead shield that housed the radioactive source when not in use. RESULTS: This design has allowed easy, unobstructed use of the 57Co spot marker for marking the right or left side and anatomical position during imaging while preventing its loss. CONCLUSION: A radioactive spot marker that is attached to a lead shield by a beaded chain is a simple way to prevent its loss while allowing it to be used easily during imaging.  (+info)

Volatility of radiopharmacy-prepared sodium iodide-131 capsules. (7/472)

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to quantify the extent of volatilization from 131I-NaI therapeutic capsules prepared in a centralized radiopharmacy and to quantify the amount of volatile 131I released from a dispensing vial containing a compounded 131I-NaI therapy capsule. METHODS: Therapy capsules were prepared by injecting 131I oral solution into capsules containing anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate. Volatilized activity was obtained by filtering air drawn across samples that were placed open on the bottom of a sample holder cup. Volatile 131I was captured by filtering it through 3 triethylenediamine-impregnated carbon cartridge filters, arranged in series. To quantify the amount of volatile 131I released from a dispensing vial during a simulated patient administration, a vial containing a compounded 131I therapy capsule was opened inside a collapsible plastic bag and all the air was drawn across TEDA-impregnated carbon cartridge filters. RESULTS: The 370-MBq (10-mCi) 131I capsules from the first part of the experiment released an average of 0.035% (SD 0.031%) of the capsule activity on the first day, 0.012% (SD 0.002%) on the second day, and 0.012% (SD < 0.001%) for days 3 through 5. The 37-MBq (1-mCi) 131I capsules released an average of 0.058% (SD 0.025%) on the first day, 0.029% (SD 0.009%) on the second day, and 0.020% (SD 0.004%) on the third day. The activity released from the vial during a simulated patient administration was 0.00093% of the 131I capsule activity. CONCLUSION: The amount of 131I, which volatilized daily from the exposed therapy capsules, was a small percentage of the capsule activity. The volatile 131I that would be released during a patient administration was much less than the activity that volatilized from the exposed therapy capsules.  (+info)

The relationship between elution time and eluate volume using the Ultra-TechneKow DTE technetium-99m generator. (8/472)

OBJECTIVE: The new Ultra-TechneKow Dry Ship Top Elute 99mTc generator (UTK-DTE generator; Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc., St. Louis, MO) was devised to facilitate fractionated elution with an ergonomically designed elution shield. Fractionation is accomplished traditionally by visually observing the eluted volume through 2 layers of leaded glass windows located in a lighted elution shield and generator auxiliary shield. The goal of our study was to use elution time to determine the endpoint for obtaining the required volume of 99mTc-eluate from a UTK-DTE generator. METHODS: After triplicate elution at several predetermined elution times, the initial weight of the evacuated collecting vial was subtracted from the total weight after elution to determine the elution volume. RESULTS: A quadratic relationship was established between the eluate volume (v, mL) and elution time (t, s) (v = 0.3594 + 0.1889 t - 0.0009 t2). This equation is suitable for use with the 10-mL elution vial. This formula may not be accurate for the first elution since the UTK-DTE generator is a dry-column generator when shipped. The following elution times were calculated for some commonly eluted volumes: 2 mL (9 s), 4 mL (22 s), 5 mL (28 s), 7 mL (45 s), and 10 mL (88 s). CONCLUSION: Our calculated elution time method can be used to predict the eluate volume from a UTK-DTE generator.  (+info)

Radiation protection, also known as radiation safety, is a field of study and practice that aims to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It involves various measures and techniques used to minimize or eliminate exposure to ionizing radiation, such as:

1. Time: Reducing the amount of time spent near a radiation source.
2. Distance: Increasing the distance between oneself and a radiation source.
3. Shielding: Using materials that can absorb or block radiation to reduce exposure.
4. Containment: Preventing the release of radiation into the environment.
5. Training and education: Providing information and training to individuals who work with radiation sources.
6. Dosimetry and monitoring: Measuring and monitoring radiation doses received by individuals and populations.
7. Emergency planning and response: Developing plans and procedures for responding to radiation emergencies or accidents.

Radiation protection is an important consideration in various fields, including medicine, nuclear energy, research, and manufacturing, where ionizing radiation sources are used or produced.

Radiation monitoring is the systematic and continuous measurement, assessment, and tracking of ionizing radiation levels in the environment or within the body to ensure safety and to take appropriate actions when limits are exceeded. It involves the use of specialized instruments and techniques to detect and quantify different types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, and x-rays. The data collected from radiation monitoring is used to evaluate radiation exposure, contamination levels, and potential health risks for individuals or communities. This process is crucial in various fields, including nuclear energy production, medical imaging and treatment, radiation therapy, and environmental protection.

Radiation dosage, in the context of medical physics, refers to the amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by a material or tissue, usually measured in units of Gray (Gy), where 1 Gy equals an absorption of 1 Joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter. In the clinical setting, radiation dosage is used to plan and assess the amount of radiation delivered to a patient during treatments such as radiotherapy. It's important to note that the biological impact of radiation also depends on other factors, including the type and energy level of the radiation, as well as the sensitivity of the irradiated tissues or organs.

Radiography is a diagnostic technique that uses X-rays, gamma rays, or similar types of radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the body. It is a non-invasive procedure that can help healthcare professionals diagnose and monitor a wide range of medical conditions, including bone fractures, tumors, infections, and foreign objects lodged in the body.

During a radiography exam, a patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a special film or digital detector. The machine emits a beam of radiation that passes through the body and strikes the film or detector, creating a shadow image of the internal structures. Denser tissues, such as bones, block more of the radiation and appear white on the image, while less dense tissues, such as muscles and organs, allow more of the radiation to pass through and appear darker.

Radiography is a valuable tool in modern medicine, but it does involve exposure to ionizing radiation, which can carry some risks. Healthcare professionals take steps to minimize these risks by using the lowest possible dose of radiation necessary to produce a diagnostic image, and by shielding sensitive areas of the body with lead aprons or other protective devices.

Cosmic radiation refers to high-energy radiation that originates from space. It is primarily made up of charged particles, such as protons and electrons, and consists of several components including galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, and trapped radiation in Earth's magnetic field (the Van Allen belts).

Galactic cosmic rays are high-energy particles that originate from outside our solar system. They consist mainly of protons, with smaller amounts of helium nuclei (alpha particles) and heavier ions. These particles travel at close to the speed of light and can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, creating a cascade of secondary particles called "cosmic rays" that can be measured at the Earth's surface.

Solar energetic particles are high-energy charged particles, mainly protons and alpha particles, that are released during solar flares or coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun. These events can accelerate particles to extremely high energies, which can pose a radiation hazard for astronauts in space and for electronic systems in satellites.

Trapped radiation in Earth's magnetic field is composed of charged particles that are trapped by the Earth's magnetic field and form two doughnut-shaped regions around the Earth called the Van Allen belts. The inner belt primarily contains high-energy electrons, while the outer belt contains both protons and electrons. These particles can pose a radiation hazard for satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) and for astronauts during spacewalks or missions beyond LEO.

Cosmic radiation is an important consideration for human space exploration, as it can cause damage to living tissue and electronic systems. Therefore, understanding the sources, properties, and effects of cosmic radiation is crucial for ensuring the safety and success of future space missions.

Radiation-protective agents, also known as radioprotectors, are substances that help in providing protection against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. They can be used to prevent or reduce damage to biological tissues, including DNA, caused by exposure to radiation. These agents work through various mechanisms such as scavenging free radicals, modulating cellular responses to radiation-induced damage, and enhancing DNA repair processes.

Radiation-protective agents can be categorized into two main groups:

1. Radiosensitizers: These are substances that make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation therapy, increasing their susceptibility to damage and potentially improving treatment outcomes. However, radiosensitizers do not provide protection to normal tissues against radiation exposure.

2. Radioprotectors: These agents protect both normal and cancerous cells from radiation-induced damage. They can be further divided into two categories: direct and indirect radioprotectors. Direct radioprotectors interact directly with radiation, absorbing or scattering it away from sensitive tissues. Indirect radioprotectors work by neutralizing free radicals and reactive oxygen species generated during radiation exposure, which would otherwise cause damage to cellular structures and DNA.

Examples of radiation-protective agents include antioxidants like vitamins C and E, chemical compounds such as amifostine and cysteamine, and various natural substances found in plants and foods. It is important to note that while some radiation-protective agents have shown promise in preclinical studies, their efficacy and safety in humans require further investigation before they can be widely used in clinical settings.

In the context of medical terminology, "history" refers to the detailed narrative of the patient's symptoms, illnesses, treatments, and other related information gathered during a medical consultation or examination. This is usually obtained by asking the patient a series of questions about their past medical conditions, current health status, family medical history, lifestyle habits, and any medications they are taking. The information collected in the medical history helps healthcare professionals to diagnose, treat, and manage the patient's health concerns more effectively. It is also an essential part of continuity of care, as it provides valuable insights into the patient's health over time.

Radiation injuries refer to the damages that occur to living tissues as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. These injuries can be acute, occurring soon after exposure to high levels of radiation, or chronic, developing over a longer period after exposure to lower levels of radiation. The severity and type of injury depend on the dose and duration of exposure, as well as the specific tissues affected.

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness, is the most severe form of acute radiation injury. It can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, and skin burns. In more severe cases, it can lead to neurological damage, hemorrhage, infection, and death.

Chronic radiation injuries, on the other hand, may not appear until months or even years after exposure. They can cause a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, skin changes, cataracts, reduced fertility, and an increased risk of cancer.

Radiation injuries can be treated with supportive care, such as fluids and electrolytes replacement, antibiotics, wound care, and blood transfusions. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or control bleeding. Prevention is the best approach to radiation injuries, which includes limiting exposure through proper protective measures and monitoring radiation levels in the environment.

Radioactive air pollution refers to the presence of radioactive particles or radionuclides in the air. These substances emit ionizing radiation, which can be harmful to human health and the environment. Radioactive air pollution can come from a variety of sources, including nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons testing, industrial activities, and natural processes such as the decay of radon gas.

Exposure to radioactive air pollution can increase the risk of developing cancer and other diseases, particularly in cases of prolonged or high-level exposure. It is important to monitor and regulate radioactive air pollution to protect public health and ensure compliance with safety standards.

Radiometry is the measurement of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. It quantifies the amount and characteristics of radiant energy in terms of power or intensity, wavelength, direction, and polarization. In medical physics, radiometry is often used to measure therapeutic and diagnostic radiation beams used in various imaging techniques and cancer treatments such as X-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet or infrared light. Radiometric measurements are essential for ensuring the safe and effective use of these medical technologies.

A dose-response relationship in radiation refers to the correlation between the amount of radiation exposure (dose) and the biological response or adverse health effects observed in exposed individuals. As the level of radiation dose increases, the severity and frequency of the adverse health effects also tend to increase. This relationship is crucial in understanding the risks associated with various levels of radiation exposure and helps inform radiation protection standards and guidelines.

The effects of ionizing radiation can be categorized into two types: deterministic and stochastic. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose below which no effect is observed, and above this threshold, the severity of the effect increases with higher doses. Examples include radiation-induced cataracts or radiation dermatitis. Stochastic effects, on the other hand, do not have a clear threshold and are based on probability; as the dose increases, so does the likelihood of the adverse health effect occurring, such as an increased risk of cancer.

Understanding the dose-response relationship in radiation exposure is essential for setting limits on occupational and public exposure to ionizing radiation, optimizing radiation protection practices, and developing effective medical countermeasures in case of radiation emergencies.

Health Planning Organizations (HPOs) are entities that are responsible for planning, coordinating, and evaluating health services within a specific geographic area. The primary goal of HPOs is to ensure the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective healthcare services that meet the needs of the population they serve.

HPOs may be involved in various activities, including:

1. Needs assessment: Identifying the health needs and priorities of the population, including any disparities or inequities in access to care.
2. Resource allocation: Deciding how to allocate resources to address identified needs and priorities.
3. Service planning: Developing plans for the delivery of healthcare services that are evidence-based, efficient, and effective.
4. Quality improvement: Monitoring and evaluating the quality of healthcare services and implementing strategies to improve them.
5. Coordination: Coordinating the delivery of healthcare services across different providers and settings to ensure continuity of care.
6. Advocacy: Advocating for policies and practices that promote health equity, access to care, and improved health outcomes.

HPOs can take various forms, including local health departments, regional health authorities, hospital networks, and other types of collaborative entities. They may be public or private, non-profit or for-profit, and their governance structures and funding mechanisms can vary widely.

Overall, the role of HPOs is to ensure that healthcare services are designed and delivered in a way that meets the needs of the population, improves health outcomes, and promotes health equity.

Radioactive fallout refers to the radioactive material that falls to the Earth's surface following a nuclear explosion. It includes any solid, liquid or gaseous particles that contain radioactive isotopes produced by the explosion. These isotopes can have half-lives ranging from days to millions of years and can contaminate large areas, making them dangerous to human health and the environment.

The fallout can be local, affecting the area immediately surrounding the explosion, or it can be global, affecting regions far from the explosion site due to wind currents and atmospheric circulation patterns. Exposure to radioactive fallout can result in radiation sickness, genetic mutations, and an increased risk of cancer.

Eye protective devices are specialized equipment designed to protect the eyes from various hazards and injuries. They include items such as safety glasses, goggles, face shields, welding helmets, and full-face respirators. These devices are engineered to provide a barrier between the eyes and potential dangers like chemical splashes, impact particles, radiation, and other environmental hazards.

Safety glasses are designed to protect against flying debris, dust, and other airborne particles. They typically have side shields to prevent objects from entering the eye from the sides. Goggles offer a higher level of protection than safety glasses as they form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing liquids and fine particles from reaching the eyes.

Face shields and welding helmets are used in industrial settings to protect against radiation, sparks, and molten metal during welding or cutting operations. Full-face respirators are used in environments with harmful airborne particles or gases, providing protection for both the eyes and the respiratory system.

It is essential to choose the appropriate eye protective device based on the specific hazard present to ensure adequate protection.

Radiologic health, also known as radiation protection or health physics, is a field of study and practice focused on protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by certain elements, such as radium and uranium, and by some man-made devices, such as x-ray machines and nuclear reactors. Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation can cause damage to living tissue, leading to health problems such as radiation sickness, cancer, and genetic mutations.

Radiologic health professionals work to minimize these risks by:

1. Measuring and monitoring the levels of ionizing radiation in the environment and in the workplace.
2. Implementing safety measures to protect people from exposure to ionizing radiation.
3. Providing education and training on safe practices for working with ionizing radiation.
4. Responding to emergencies involving ionizing radiation, such as nuclear accidents.
5. Developing and implementing policies and regulations related to the use of ionizing radiation.

Radiologic health is an important concern in a variety of fields, including medicine, industry, research, and national defense.

Nonionizing radiation refers to the type of radiation that does not have sufficient energy to cause ionization in atoms or molecules. Ionization is the process where electrons are knocked out of an atom, creating ions. Nonionizing radiation includes lower-energy forms of radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared and visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and some higher-energy portions of the electromagnetic spectrum such as X-rays and gamma rays with energies below 10 keV (kiloelectron volts).

While nonionizing radiation does not have enough energy to ionize atoms, it can still cause excitation of atoms and molecules, leading to various effects such as heating, vibrational energy transfer, or chemical reactions. Some forms of nonionizing radiation, particularly UV light, can also cause damage to living tissue, including sunburn and skin cancer. However, nonionizing radiation does not have the same potential for causing direct damage to DNA and other cellular structures as ionizing radiation, which is associated with higher risks of cancer and other health effects at similar exposure levels.

Radiation-induced neoplasms are a type of cancer or tumor that develops as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, leading to the formation of ions. This type of radiation can damage DNA and other cellular structures, which can lead to mutations and uncontrolled cell growth, resulting in the development of a neoplasm.

Radiation-induced neoplasms can occur after exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, such as that received during radiation therapy for cancer treatment or from nuclear accidents. The risk of developing a radiation-induced neoplasm depends on several factors, including the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the type of radiation, and the individual's genetic susceptibility to radiation-induced damage.

Radiation-induced neoplasms can take many years to develop after initial exposure to ionizing radiation, and they often occur at the site of previous radiation therapy. Common types of radiation-induced neoplasms include sarcomas, carcinomas, and thyroid cancer. It is important to note that while ionizing radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer, the overall risk is still relatively low, especially when compared to other well-established cancer risk factors such as smoking and exposure to certain chemicals.

Radiologic technology is a medical term that refers to the use of imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases. It involves the application of various forms of radiation, such as X-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves, and radioactive substances, to create detailed images of the internal structures of the body.

Radiologic technologists are healthcare professionals who operate the imaging equipment and work closely with radiologists, who are medical doctors specializing in interpreting medical images. Radiologic technology includes various imaging modalities such as:

1. X-ray radiography: produces images of internal structures by passing X-rays through the body onto a detector.
2. Computed tomography (CT): uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of internal structures without using radiation.
4. Ultrasound: uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal structures, such as fetuses during pregnancy or organs like the heart and liver.
5. Nuclear medicine: uses small amounts of radioactive substances to diagnose and treat diseases by creating detailed images of the body's internal structures and functions.

Radiologic technology plays a crucial role in modern medicine, enabling healthcare providers to make accurate diagnoses, plan treatments, and monitor patient progress.

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) is a term used in radiation biology and medicine to describe the relative effectiveness of different types or energies of ionizing radiation in causing biological damage, compared to a reference radiation such as high-energy photons (X-rays or gamma rays). RBE takes into account the differences in biological impact between various types of radiation, which can be due to differences in linear energy transfer (LET), quality factor, and other factors. It is used to estimate the biological effects of mixed radiation fields, such as those encountered in radiotherapy treatments that combine different types or energies of radiation. The RBE value for a specific type of radiation is determined through experimental studies that compare its biological impact to that of the reference radiation.

In the context of medicine, physical processes refer to the mechanical, physiological, and biochemical functions and changes that occur within the body. These processes encompass various systems and components, including:

1. Cellular processes: The functions and interactions of cells, such as metabolism, signaling, replication, and protein synthesis.
2. Tissue processes: The development, maintenance, repair, and regeneration of various tissues in the body, like muscle, bone, and nerve tissues.
3. Organ systems processes: The functioning of different organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels), respiratory system (lungs), digestive system (stomach, intestines), nervous system (brain, spinal cord), endocrine system (glands and hormones), renal system (kidneys), and reproductive system.
4. Biomechanical processes: The physical forces and movements that affect the body, such as muscle contractions, joint motion, and bodily mechanics during exercise or injury.
5. Homeostatic processes: The maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, despite external changes, through various regulatory mechanisms, like temperature control, fluid balance, and pH regulation.
6. Pathophysiological processes: The dysfunctional or abnormal physical processes that occur during diseases or medical conditions, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, or tissue degeneration.

Understanding these physical processes is crucial for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions, as well as promoting overall health and well-being.

Protective clothing refers to specialized garments worn by healthcare professionals, first responders, or workers in various industries to protect themselves from potential hazards that could cause harm to their bodies. These hazards may include biological agents (such as viruses or bacteria), chemicals, radiological particles, physical injuries, or extreme temperatures.

Examples of protective clothing include:

1. Medical/isolation gowns: Fluid-resistant garments worn by healthcare workers during medical procedures to protect against the spread of infectious diseases.
2. Lab coats: Protective garments typically worn in laboratories to shield the wearer's skin and clothing from potential chemical or biological exposure.
3. Coveralls: One-piece garments that cover the entire body, often used in industries with high exposure risks, such as chemical manufacturing or construction.
4. Gloves: Protective hand coverings made of materials like latex, nitrile, or vinyl, which prevent direct contact with hazardous substances.
5. Face masks and respirators: Devices worn over the nose and mouth to filter out airborne particles, protecting the wearer from inhaling harmful substances.
6. Helmets and face shields: Protective headgear used in various industries to prevent physical injuries from falling objects or impact.
7. Fire-resistant clothing: Specialized garments worn by firefighters and those working with high temperatures or open flames to protect against burns and heat exposure.

The choice of protective clothing depends on the specific hazards present in the work environment, as well as the nature and duration of potential exposures. Proper use, maintenance, and training are essential for ensuring the effectiveness of protective clothing in minimizing risks and maintaining worker safety.

Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that carries enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, which means it can knock electrons out of their orbits and create ions. These charged particles can cause damage to living tissue and DNA, making ionizing radiation dangerous to human health. Examples of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and some forms of subatomic particles such as alpha and beta particles. The amount and duration of exposure to ionizing radiation are important factors in determining the potential health effects, which can range from mild skin irritation to an increased risk of cancer and other diseases.

Occupational exposure refers to the contact of an individual with potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents as a result of their job or occupation. This can include exposure to hazardous substances such as chemicals, heavy metals, or dusts; physical agents such as noise, radiation, or ergonomic stressors; and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.

Occupational exposure can occur through various routes, including inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or injection. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these hazards can increase the risk of developing acute or chronic health conditions, such as respiratory diseases, skin disorders, neurological damage, or cancer.

Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to minimize occupational exposures through the implementation of appropriate control measures, including engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and training programs. Regular monitoring and surveillance of workers' health can also help identify and prevent potential health hazards in the workplace.

A "Radioactive Hazard Release" is defined in medical and environmental health terms as an uncontrolled or accidental release of radioactive material into the environment, which can pose significant risks to human health and the ecosystem. This can occur due to various reasons such as nuclear accidents, improper handling or disposal of radioactive sources, or failure of radiation-generating equipment.

The released radioactive materials can contaminate air, water, and soil, leading to both external and internal exposure pathways. External exposure occurs through direct contact with the skin or by inhaling radioactive particles, while internal exposure happens when radioactive substances are ingested or inhaled and become deposited within the body.

The health effects of radioactive hazard release depend on several factors, including the type and amount of radiation released, the duration and intensity of exposure, and the sensitivity of the exposed individuals. Potential health impacts range from mild radiation sickness to severe diseases such as cancer and genetic mutations, depending on the level and length of exposure.

Prompt identification, assessment, and management of radioactive hazard releases are crucial to minimize potential health risks and protect public health.

"Body burden" is a term used in the field of environmental health to describe the total amount of a chemical or toxic substance that an individual has accumulated in their body tissues and fluids. It refers to the overall load or concentration of a particular chemical or contaminant that an organism is carrying, which can come from various sources such as air, water, food, and consumer products.

The term "body burden" highlights the idea that people can be exposed to harmful substances unknowingly and unintentionally, leading to potential health risks over time. Some factors that may influence body burden include the frequency and duration of exposure, the toxicity of the substance, and individual differences in metabolism, elimination, and susceptibility.

It is important to note that not all chemicals or substances found in the body are necessarily harmful, as some are essential for normal bodily functions. However, high levels of certain environmental contaminants can have adverse health effects, making it crucial to monitor and regulate exposure to these substances.

Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of the body. A continuous X-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined, and the resulting fluoroscopic images are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the medical professional to view the structure and movement of the internal organs and bones in real time.

Fluoroscopy is often used to guide minimally invasive procedures such as catheterization, stent placement, or joint injections. It can also be used to diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal injuries, and cardiovascular diseases.

It is important to note that fluoroscopy involves exposure to ionizing radiation, and the risks associated with this exposure should be carefully weighed against the benefits of the procedure. Medical professionals are trained to use the lowest possible dose of radiation necessary to obtain the desired diagnostic information.

Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases. These imaging technologies include X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, ultrasound, and mammography. Radiologists are medical doctors who have completed specialized training in interpreting these images to diagnose medical conditions and guide treatment plans. They also perform image-guided procedures such as biopsies and tumor ablations. The goal of radiology is to provide accurate and timely information to help physicians make informed decisions about patient care.

Interventional radiography is a subspecialty of radiology that uses imaging guidance (such as X-ray fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT, or MRI) to perform minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. These procedures typically involve the insertion of needles, catheters, or other small instruments through the skin or a natural body opening, allowing for targeted treatment with reduced risk, trauma, and recovery time compared to traditional open surgeries.

Examples of interventional radiography procedures include:

1. Angiography: Imaging of blood vessels to diagnose and treat conditions like blockages, narrowing, or aneurysms.
2. Biopsy: The removal of tissue samples for diagnostic purposes.
3. Drainage: The removal of fluid accumulations (e.g., abscesses, cysts) or the placement of catheters to drain fluids continuously.
4. Embolization: The blocking of blood vessels to control bleeding, tumor growth, or reduce the size of an aneurysm.
5. Stenting and angioplasty: The widening of narrowed or blocked vessels using stents (small mesh tubes) or balloon catheters.
6. Radiofrequency ablation: The use of heat to destroy tumors or abnormal tissues.
7. Cryoablation: The use of extreme cold to destroy tumors or abnormal tissues.

Interventional radiologists are medical doctors who have completed specialized training in both diagnostic imaging and interventional procedures, allowing them to provide comprehensive care for patients requiring image-guided treatments.

Radiation tolerance, in the context of medicine and particularly radiation oncology, refers to the ability of tissues or organs to withstand and recover from exposure to ionizing radiation without experiencing significant damage or loss of function. It is often used to describe the maximum dose of radiation that can be safely delivered to a specific area of the body during radiotherapy treatments.

Radiation tolerance varies depending on the type and location of the tissue or organ. For example, some tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, and lungs have lower radiation tolerance than others like the skin or bone. Factors that can affect radiation tolerance include the total dose of radiation, the fractionation schedule (the number and size of radiation doses), the volume of tissue treated, and the individual patient's overall health and genetic factors.

Assessing radiation tolerance is critical in designing safe and effective radiotherapy plans for cancer patients, as excessive radiation exposure can lead to serious side effects such as radiation-induced injury, fibrosis, or even secondary malignancies.

Medical Definition:

Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization, which can occur naturally (e.g., sunlight) or be produced artificially (e.g., x-rays, radioisotopes). In medicine, radiation is used diagnostically and therapeutically in various forms, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat diseases like cancer. However, excessive exposure to radiation can pose health risks, including radiation sickness and increased risk of cancer.

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are invisible forces that result from the interaction between electrically charged objects. They are created by natural phenomena, such as the Earth's magnetic field, as well as by human-made sources, such as power lines, electrical appliances, and wireless communication devices.

EMFs are characterized by their frequency and strength, which determine their potential biological effects. Low-frequency EMFs, such as those produced by power lines and household appliances, have frequencies in the range of 0 to 300 Hz. High-frequency EMFs, such as those produced by wireless communication devices like cell phones and Wi-Fi routers, have frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 300 GHz.

Exposure to EMFs has been linked to a variety of health effects, including increased risk of cancer, reproductive problems, neurological disorders, and oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health risks associated with exposure to EMFs and to establish safe exposure limits.

I apologize, but "Canada" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in North America, known for its vast wilderness, multicultural cities, and significant natural resources. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help answer those!

In the field of medical imaging, "phantoms" refer to physical objects that are specially designed and used for calibration, quality control, and evaluation of imaging systems. These phantoms contain materials with known properties, such as attenuation coefficients or spatial resolution, which allow for standardized measurement and comparison of imaging parameters across different machines and settings.

Imaging phantoms can take various forms depending on the modality of imaging. For example, in computed tomography (CT), a common type of phantom is the "water-equivalent phantom," which contains materials with similar X-ray attenuation properties as water. This allows for consistent measurement of CT dose and image quality. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), phantoms may contain materials with specific relaxation times or magnetic susceptibilities, enabling assessment of signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, and other imaging parameters.

By using these standardized objects, healthcare professionals can ensure the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of medical images, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and safety.

Radiation oncology is a branch of medicine that uses ionizing radiation in the treatment and management of cancer. The goal of radiation therapy, which is the primary treatment modality in radiation oncology, is to destroy cancer cells or inhibit their growth while minimizing damage to normal tissues. This is achieved through the use of high-energy radiation beams, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and charged particles, that are directed at the tumor site with precision. Radiation oncologists work in interdisciplinary teams with other healthcare professionals, including medical physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists, to plan and deliver effective radiation treatments for cancer patients.

'Radiation injuries, experimental' is not a widely recognized medical term. However, in the field of radiation biology and medicine, it may refer to the study and understanding of radiation-induced damage using various experimental models (e.g., cell cultures, animal models) before applying this knowledge to human health situations. These experiments aim to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms' biological processes, tissue responses, and potential therapeutic interventions. The findings from these studies contribute to the development of medical countermeasures, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies for accidental or intentional radiation exposures in humans.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "spacecraft" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. It may be used to transport humans or cargo to and from space stations, conduct scientific research, or explore other celestial bodies such as the moon, planets, and asteroids. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help!

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

"Space flight" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general, it refers to the act of traveling through space, outside of Earth's atmosphere, aboard a spacecraft. This can include trips to the International Space Station (ISS), lunar missions, or travel to other planets and moons within our solar system.

From a medical perspective, space flight presents unique challenges to the human body, including exposure to microgravity, radiation, and isolation from Earth's biosphere. These factors can have significant impacts on various physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, sensory, and immune systems. As a result, space medicine has emerged as a distinct field of study focused on understanding and mitigating these risks to ensure the health and safety of astronauts during space flight.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Jupiter" is not a medical term. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, known for its Great Red Spot, a storm that has been raging on the planet for at least 300 years. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to help answer those!

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  • Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination. (wikipedia.org)
  • To measure personal dose uptake in occupational or emergency exposure, for external radiation personal dosimeters are used, and for internal dose to due to ingestion of radioactive contamination, bioassay techniques are applied. (wikipedia.org)
  • An example of reducing radiation doses by reducing the time of exposures might be improving operator training to reduce the time they take to handle a radioactive source. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ionizing radiation includes cosmic rays, X rays and the radiation from radioactive materials. (ilo.org)
  • Radiation protection scientists will calculate and monitor levels of disposal of radioactive materials through various waste streams and provide a radiological assessment, which will be checked by the relevant Government Agencies and Inspectors. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • In these facilities, you'll work with a wide range of radioactive sources and radiation detectors. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Radiation Protection Challenges for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). (irpa.net)
  • Potassium iodide helps protect against thyroid cancer-a major risk following radiation exposure-by reducing the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland, according to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. (propublica.org)
  • Typical examples of risk estimation include use of Japanese atomic bomb survivor data to estimate future risk from radiation-related cancer among American patients receiving multiple computed tomography scans, persons affected by radioactive fallout, or persons whose livelihoods involve some radiation exposure, such as x-ray technicians, interventional radiologists, or shipyard workers. (nih.gov)
  • Radiation exposure can come from many sources including X-rays, radioactive materials, nuclear power plants, and radioactive waste sites like Hanford. (wa.gov)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation can lead to many hazards, including genetic mutations, induction of cellular death, and carcinogenesis. (drsircus.com)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation without adequate protective gear can cause severe damage to the thyroid gland cells, potentially leading to an increased risk of thyroid cancer or other thyroid-related disorders. (alimed.com)
  • Dr. Dauer said the group evaluated nearly 60 epide-miological studies and found evidence (albeit weak) of causation at low doses and at low dose-rates of radiation exposure. (aao.org)
  • Similarly, according to a report from the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, the benefits of lead aprons for patients in dental radiography are minimal as compared to the benefits offered by E-speed films and rectangular collimation (rectangular collimation is used in dental clinics to reduce radiation doses for patients). (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • A number of factors play a critical role in reducing doses of scatter radiation, including the length of time that exposure occurs, the distance from the source of radiation, and shielding from radiation. (alimed.com)
  • However, the most critical factor in reducing doses of scatter radiation is proper shielding, which will be discussed in greater detail later in this article. (alimed.com)
  • At high exposures, it can cause "tissue" effects, also called "deterministic" effects due to the certainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit gray and resulting in acute radiation syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • For low level exposures there can be statistically elevated risks of radiation-induced cancer, called "stochastic effects" due to the uncertainty of them happening, conventionally indicated by the unit sievert. (wikipedia.org)
  • where radiological protection can be planned in advance, before exposures occur, and where the magnitude and extent of the exposures can be reasonably predicted. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1 (On average, Ameri-cans receive about 6 mSv of radiation per year from naturally occurring and medical exposures. (aao.org)
  • levels of shielding required and operational procedures including restrictions on time using the equipment and distance kept from the radiation, to reduce exposures below the acceptable levels as determined by regulations and guidance. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • From this study, we can conclude that inclusion of dried plums in the diet may prevent the skeletal effects of radiation exposures either in space or here on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • [106 Pages Report] The North American radiation protection aprons market is projected to reach USD 48 million by 2026 from USD 35 million in 2021, at a CAGR of 6.9% during the forecast period. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Protection of personnel is critical in environments with ionising radiation, and requires the constant monitoring of radiation levels. (npl.co.uk)
  • Radiation protection legislation sets requirements for the monitoring of ionising radiation in the workplace, covering workers in the nuclear industry as well as any other professions with increased radiation levels, such as aircraft altitudes. (npl.co.uk)
  • Radiation Protection is the name given to work that ensures any exposure to ionising and non-ionising radiation is reduced as low as reasonably practicable. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • Ionising radiations can produce changes to living cells, and includes X-rays, Gamma rays and other types of radiation such as protons and neutrons used either in examinations to diagnose diseases, or as a treatment for cancer. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • Non-Ionising radiations including ultrasound, lasers, ultraviolet, microwaves, magnetic and radio frequency fields (MRI), can also be used for diagnosis or treatment. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • During our Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS) training courses we reassure delegates that there is very little in the way of complicated maths or physics - its generally not important when working safely with ionising radiation ( understanding the concepts are important ). (ionactive.co.uk)
  • Radon is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (nj.gov)
  • This project is in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the American environmental protection agency (EPA). (lu.se)
  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed the Radon State Data Exchange (RSDX) to better coordinate the collection and aggregation of radon data. (cdc.gov)
  • the guide to protecting yourself and your family from radon Corporate Authors(s) : United States, Environmental Protection Agency. (cdc.gov)
  • This 1963 image, depicted a view inside one of the laboratories, located at the former Southeastern Radiological Health Laboratory (SRHL) in Montgomery, Alabama, which is now known as the National Air and Radiation Environmental Lab, and is part of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • For radiation protection and dosimetry assessment the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) publish recommendations and data which is used to calculate the biological effects on the human body of certain levels of radiation, and thereby advise acceptable dose uptake limits. (wikipedia.org)
  • The department is also currently involved in an EU funded radiation protection project "Personal Online DosImetry Using computational Methods" (PODIUM). (lu.se)
  • Radiation protection group is leading the work in PODIUM for the assessment and validation of the online dosimetry application in hospitals. (lu.se)
  • After an extensive review on behalf of the National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), the scientists recommended cutting the maximum occupational dose to the lens by two-thirds, to 50 millisieverts (mSv) annually. (aao.org)
  • The following presentation follows the lead of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Commentary 14, NCRP Report 126, and later documents in treating radiation protection from the viewpoint of quantitative uncertainty analysis. (nih.gov)
  • In this study we investigate the feasibility of applying the compatible solute, osmolyte and radiation protector Ectoine (THP(B)), as a scavenger molecule during SAXS measurements of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein Gene-V Protein (G5P/GVP). (rsc.org)
  • All staff working with this equipment could also be exposed to various levels of radiation. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • Radiation at extremely low levels is a health hazard that medicine is not dealing with because it uses dangerous levels of radiation in both its diagnosis and treatment of disease. (drsircus.com)
  • The regular testing of appropriate monitoring equipment applies to alpha-, beta-, photon- and neutron radiations. (npl.co.uk)
  • Neutron doors shield against highly dangerous neutron radiation for applications involving linear accelerators, proton therapy, gamma knife, H.D.R. and more. (radiationproducts.com)
  • One such method, is to use scavenger molecules to protect macromolecules against radicals produced during radiation exposure, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). (rsc.org)
  • This Radiation Protection Standard limits the occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation for artificial sources in the workplace, considered to be a controlled environment and provides guidance on minimising a person's exposure to uncontrollable sources of UVR, such as the sun. (arpansa.gov.au)
  • ensure that a plan for the control of exposure to ultraviolet radiation is developed, approved, implemented and regularly reviewed, and that the workforce is consulted in the planning and review process (examples of such a plan and the minimum elements required to be in the plan are given on the ARPANSA web site www.arpansa.gov.au . (arpansa.gov.au)
  • Approximately 65%--90% of melanomas are caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Because a substantial percentage of lifetime sun exposure occurs before age 20 years ( 2,3 ) and because ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure during childhood and adolescence plays an important role in the development of skin cancer ( 2,4 ), preventive behaviors can yield the most positive effects, if they are initiated early and established as healthy and consistent patterns throughout life. (cdc.gov)
  • Limitation: Each individual must be protected against risks that are too great, through the application of individual radiation dose limits. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Department of Environmental Protection Radon Section conducts outreach activities to educate the public on the risks of radon and how homes can be fixed. (nj.gov)
  • Working with ionizing radiation brings certain safety and health risks. (sckcen.be)
  • An awareness of the fundamentals of radiation physics, the health risks, the protection measures and legal obligations enables an effective prevention policy aimed at the protection against ionizing radiation. (sckcen.be)
  • The Ninth Circuit panel refused to overturn a ruling and upholds a Berkeley, California, law that forces retailers to warn consumers about the potential health risks from cell phone radiation in a 2-1 decision! (rfsafe.com)
  • If Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight what do you think it can do for us on the ground? (drsircus.com)
  • The risks from radiation exposure may be linked to the number of x-ray treatments you've had over time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that physicians tend to underestimate the risks to patients of radiation exposure. (who.int)
  • Combining facets of health physics with medicine, An Introduction to Radiation Protection in Medicine covers the background of the subject and the medical situations where radiation is the tool to diagnose or treat human disease. (routledge.com)
  • In addition, Clinical Scientists who are accredited Radiation Protection Advisers and Medical Physics Experts will give expert advice to the National Health Service and private organisations and liaise with government inspectors from the Health and Safety Executive, Environment Agency, Medicines Inspectors and others, to improve radiation protection of the general public. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • Radiation Protection is a department of Medical Physics, CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB). (cancercare.mb.ca)
  • Our innovative MSc in nuclear science and radiation protection is taught by a combination of inspired nuclear physics academics from Surrey's School of Mathematics and Physics and forward-looking experts from the UK's nuclear industries. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • This includes eight weeks of practical radiation physics laboratory classes in the specialist radiation laboratories within the University's School of Mathematics and Physics. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • A comprehensive book on practical radiation protection at light water reactors written at the operational health physics level. (osiander.de)
  • Harwell's Liquid Effluent Treatment Plant: Past, Present and Future Challenges in Radiation Protection. (irpa.net)
  • The purpose of this joint conference is to ensure attendees leave with renewed interest in their field of expertise by exposing them to the new tools for developers, code users, theoreticians, and experimentalists to engage in productive discussions, establish collaborations, and build community in the foreground of scientific advancements and challenges in radiation protection and shielding. (oecd-nea.org)
  • These are such as in occupational exposure situations, where it is necessary for personnel to work in a known radiation environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ILO encourages and promotes the active involvement of employers' and workers' organizations in the development of international standards on occupational radiation protection and in the implementation of the occupational radiation standards at both the national and enterprise levels. (ilo.org)
  • A panel of radiation protection experts has recommended a significant drop in the annual, occupational dose of ionizing radiation permissible for the crystalline lens. (aao.org)
  • Current Practice of Occupational Radiation Protection in Industrial Radiography. (irpa.net)
  • OSHA 1910.133 requires safety protective eyewear conforming to ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2010/2003/1989/1998 American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices or better standards. (cdc.gov)
  • Commentary No. 26-Guidance on Radiation Dose Limits for the Eye. (aao.org)
  • Public misunderstanding of KI and its limits may lead to a dangerous sense of false confidence that KI provides inoculation against all forms of radiation. (propublica.org)
  • Radiation protection is ultimately a political process that involves consent by stakeholders, a diverse group that includes people who might be expected to be risk-averse and concerned with plausible upper limits on risk (how bad could it be? (nih.gov)
  • Master radiation protection measures that will enable the existing dose limits to be respected. (sckcen.be)
  • The team investigated interventions they hypothesized might prevent bone damage and oxidative stress-related factors leading to cancellous bone loss, also known as "spongy bone," from exposure to both low linear energy transfer and high linear energy transfer radiation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Therefore, we suggest that oral supplementation with lycopene-rich TNC and with lutein may be efficient in inhibiting UVA1 radiation-induced oxidative stress responses in general and gene regulatory events involved in photoaging, photocarcinogenesis and photodermatoses specifically. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Cosmic radiation is known to induce DNA and lipid damage associated with increased oxidative stress and remains a major concern in space travel. (drsircus.com)
  • The interventions were evaluated first by using early gene expression markers and then were tested for their ability to prevent radiation-induced bone loss. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We hypothesize that hydrogen administration to the astronauts by either hydrogen inhalation or drinking hydrogen-rich water may potentially yield a novel and feasible preventative/therapeutic strategy to prevent radiation-induced adverse events. (drsircus.com)
  • Most of the ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals (% OH) from the radiolysis of H2O. (drsircus.com)
  • They explore a range of individual uses of ionizing radiation in various branches of medicine, including radiology, nuclear medicine, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. (routledge.com)
  • This decline would lead to lesser radiology procedures conducted in the coming few months, which will lead to lesser demand for radiation protection aprons. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Objectives To evaluate the radiological information available in radiation protection reports in dental radiology issued by various qualified experts in the city of Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
  • It covers basic issues related to radiation protection, including the physical science behind radiation protection and the radiobiological basis of radiation protection. (routledge.com)
  • Justification: No unnecessary use of radiation is permitted, which means that the advantages must outweigh the disadvantages. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Office of Radiation Protection in Washington works to protect the health and safety of people in Washington from unnecessary exposure to radiation. (wa.gov)
  • The shield or apron provides protection from unnecessary radiation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The following tasks have been identified within the scope of practice of a licensed diagnostic radiologic technologist: positioning of the patient for a diagnostic radiographic procedure, measuring the patient, aligning the x-ray tube to the image receptor, setting tube distance and exposure factors, exercising proper principles of radiation protection and making the exposure. (nj.gov)
  • During the IAEA-supported Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources (PGEC), held 6 March to 1 September 2017 at an Argentinian training centre that serves as an IAEA regional training centre, 27 Latin American participants learned how to apply international radiation protection standards in practice. (iaea.org)
  • Subsequent chapters form the core of the book, focusing on the practice of radiation protection in different medical disciplines. (routledge.com)
  • As there were few efficient therapeutic methods available for RILI in clinical practice [ 7 ], it is critical to understand the complications in great depth and investigate better methods of protection to improve patients' life quality. (hindawi.com)
  • Give examples of good practice for individual and collective protection measures. (sckcen.be)
  • Personnel wearing lead aprons during fluoroscopy are wearing the principal radiation protective gear. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Medical professionals must take precautions to protect their thyroid glands, especially for those at the highest risk due to a greater frequency of operations involving the use of radiation-such as C-arm fluoroscopy-as well as their proximity to the source of radiation during these procedures. (alimed.com)
  • The dose of radiation depends on the procedure, but fluoroscopy is not considered harmful for most people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fundamental to radiation protection is the avoidance or reduction of dose using the simple protective measures of time, distance and shielding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation Safety at the PRIMA facility: A Review of Shielding Solutions and Personnel Dose Assessment. (irpa.net)
  • A lead apron provides about the same amount of radiation shielding as 0.25 to 1 mm thick lead. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Radiation Protection Products manufactures a full line of radiation shielding materials, nuclear shielding materials, and industrial lead products. (radiationproducts.com)
  • Since 1952, our radiation shielding experience and our products meet or exceed industry guidelines for radiation protection. (radiationproducts.com)
  • The sheet lead used in our radiation shielded walls and doors is also offered in various sizes with thicknesses up to 1" to meet any shielding requirements. (radiationproducts.com)
  • We provide turnkey solutions for radiation shielding and offer design assistance, estimates, and installation for all our door, windows, and industrial lead shield products. (radiationproducts.com)
  • Learn more about our products or contact us to discuss your radiation shielding requirements. (radiationproducts.com)
  • Radiation shielded frames and lead glass come in multiple density ranges and provide effective radiation shielding without impacting visibility. (radiationproducts.com)
  • Our lead lined drywall provides better shielding from high-level gamma-ray and X-ray radiation than stationary or mobile partitions. (radiationproducts.com)
  • Contact Radiation Protection Products to discuss your radiation shielding needs. (radiationproducts.com)
  • Adherence to the ALARA principles of limiting the time spent near radiation sources, maintaining distance from the source, and correctly using shielding materials can significantly reduce exposure. (alimed.com)
  • This carry-all detachable wallet case has shielding in the front cover to help protect from EMF radiation and RFID tracking. (defendershield.com)
  • Our Signature Shielding Technology in the front cover of the DefenderShield iPhone 11 Case blocks up to 99% of wireless Electromagnetic Field (EMF) radiation & 5th Generation radiation up to 10 GHz, without affecting signal quality. (defendershield.com)
  • The DefenderShield Wallet Case for iPhone 11 is the only cell phone radiation shield capable of shielding all forms of cell phone EMF radiation at this level, including 5th Generation frequencies up to 10 GHz. (defendershield.com)
  • Probabilistic Radiological Risk Assessments for Radiation Facilities with Vague Information. (irpa.net)
  • The radiation protection research at the department is focusing on performing realistic absorbed dose and radiation risk assessments to both patients and staff working in hospitals. (lu.se)
  • Radiation protection is to prevent the occurrence of harmful deterministic effects and to reduce the probability of occurrence of stochastic effects (e.g. cancer and hereditary effects). (ilo.org)
  • The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection recommends that all homes be tested for radon. (nj.gov)
  • CDC's Radiation and Health newsletter covers the wide range of topics at the intersection of radiation and health, such as medical uses of radiation, radon in homes, and preparing for a radiation emergency. (cdc.gov)
  • Before starting the course at the training centre, the participants took an online course to refresh their knowledge in radiation effects, chemistry, mathematics and the fundamentals of radiation protection. (iaea.org)
  • Potassium iodine, or what's known as KI, "is not an 'anti-radiation' drug," then-White House official John Marburger wrote in a 2008 memo [PDF]. (propublica.org)
  • The DefenderShield® EMF Protection & Anti-Radiation - Detachable Magnetic Wallet Case for iPhone 11 Series blocks EMF cell phone radiation from the face of your cell phone, creating a barrier between the head or your body. (defendershield.com)
  • The ICRP recommends, develops and maintains the International System of Radiological Protection, based on evaluation of the large body of scientific studies available to equate risk to received dose levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • They also work with international organisations such as the International Commission on Radiological Protection, World Health Organisation and other bodies to improve radiation protection in all nations and the environment. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • Radiological Protection Aspects of the Generic Design Assessment of Potential New Nuclear Reactors in the UK. (irpa.net)
  • Radiological Protection During the Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities. (irpa.net)
  • The IAEA helps countries strengthen their radiation safety competence through post-graduate courses, one of which concluded last month in Argentina. (iaea.org)
  • The IAEA welcome the students' commitment to apply their new safety skills in their future careers," said IAEA Radiation Safety Specialist Amparo Cristobal, who was in Argentina to evaluate the course. (iaea.org)
  • Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and can present a significant health hazard by causing microscopic damage to living tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two main categories of ionizing radiation health effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists working in radiation protection will check and calibrate equipment such as X-ray machines - including CT scanners, mammography units and other scanning and therapy equipment, to ensure that the level of radiation given to the patient is consistent with the level of diagnosis and treatment needed to improve their health. (ipem.ac.uk)
  • We are responsible to the Government of Manitoba, through the Office of the Chief Medical Office of Health and CancerCare Manitoba, to provide leadership on the radiation protection responsibilities that fall within the regulatory jurisdiction of the Province. (cancercare.mb.ca)
  • Bone loss caused by ionizing radiation is a potential health concern for those in occupations or in situations that expose them to radiation," she said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, according to the Center for Health Protection, Radiation Protection Services (RPS), as of 2016, lead aprons in dental are not mandatory for adult patients. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The Office of Radiation Protection protects and improves the health of people in Washington State by ensuring exposure to radiation is as low as reasonably achievable. (wa.gov)
  • The city Berkeley being an exception, the public isn't being properly informed on safe cell phone usage and the potential health effects of cell phone radiation. (rfsafe.com)
  • Adult patients are not required to wear lead aprons at dental offices, according to the Center for Health Protection, Radiation Protection Services (RPS). (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Radiation is an invisible terror that works insidiously in the background, so it is easy to hide its place in the deterioration of the publics' health. (drsircus.com)
  • But slowly and steadily, radiation hazards are destroying not only our health but that of our children and our children's children and many more generations to come. (drsircus.com)
  • Get the Radiation and Health newsletter in your inbox. (cdc.gov)
  • They provide the basis for environmental health protection and need to be scaled up. (who.int)
  • Information on quality control, radiation protection survey, radiation leakage and additional information was assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • The PODIUM project is part of CONCERT European Joint Programme for the Integration of Radiation Protection Research under Horizon 2020. (lu.se)
  • The objective of this publication is to establish requirements for the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. (ilo.org)
  • EMF & HARMFUL RADIATION: In today's society it is impossible to avoid potentially harmful Electromagnetic Fields. (scienceagogo.com)
  • Wearing appropriate protective equipment such as thyroid shields and thyroid collars during medical procedures where scatter radiation is used can help shield the thyroid from harmful levels of exposure. (alimed.com)
  • By keeping the shielded front cover closed against any part of your body, a barrier is created to help protect from a broad spectrum of potentially harmful cell phone radiation emissions. (defendershield.com)
  • Radiation can be harmful to an unborn baby . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The PGEC, which originated in Argentina more than 30 years ago, is designed to meet the needs of young radiation safety professionals at the graduate level. (iaea.org)
  • Through lectures, laboratory exercises and research projects, participants gain a thorough understanding of radiation protection and the safety of radiation sources, and they learn how to train others on the topic. (iaea.org)
  • The text builds a fundamental knowledge base before providing practical descriptions of radiation safety in medicine. (routledge.com)
  • The text also presents operational and managerial tools for organizing radiation safety in a medical workplace. (routledge.com)
  • With contributions from experienced practicing physicists, this book provides essential information about dealing with radiation safety in the rapidly shifting and diverse environment of medicine. (routledge.com)
  • The growth of the North American radiation protection aprons market is being driven by factors such as increasing number of trained radiologic technologists, increasing safety awareness, the growing number of orthopedic and spine surgeries, and growth in the number of PET/CT scans. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The market for Radiation Protection Aprons is likely to be fueled by rising safety awareness among people working in or around radiation-prone areas, as well as rising technological improvements in radiologic technologists. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Factors such as an increase in the number of skilled radiologic technologists, increased safety awareness, an increase in the number of orthopedic and spine operations, and an increase in the number of PET/CT scans are driving the expansion of the North American radiation protection aprons market. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Our product line includes radiation shielded doors, lead lined drywall and lead lined plywood, leaded x-ray safety glass, leaded glass, lead lined door frames, radiation shielded window frames, and many other industrial lead products. (radiationproducts.com)
  • It is therefore critical for medical personnel who work in settings where radiation is present to understand the importance of adhering to proper safety and protective protocols so that they can minimize the risk of causing damage to the thyroid. (alimed.com)
  • A thorough understanding of the dangers of radiation exposure and of the appropriate safety measures is crucial for medical personnel to be able to reduce their risk of developing radiation-induced thyroid complications and other side effects. (alimed.com)
  • Ensuring that workers wear proper eye protection and have it available is an important aspect of work safety management programs. (cdc.gov)
  • The shield provides front protection against radiation and is both stain-resistant and completely impervious to liquids. (alimed.com)
  • Only one-third of physicians had received a radiation protection course during their undergraduate study or in the workplace. (who.int)
  • Radiological Emergency Preparedness - Coordinates actions to protect the public from radiation emergencies. (wa.gov)
  • The purpose of radiation protection is to provide an appropriate level of protection for humans without unduly limiting the beneficial actions giving rise to radiation exposure. (ilo.org)
  • Other institutions involved in the study were the Bone and Signaling Laboratory of NASA's Ames Research Center, the department of radiation oncology at the University of California-Irvine and the division of endocrinology at the University of California-San Francisco. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Methods Twenty radiation protection reports made by qualified experts between 2002 and 2008 were randomly selected. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are several methods that medical professionals can use to protect their thyroid glands from radiation. (alimed.com)
  • Cell Phone Radiation Warning Prevails In Appeals Court! (rfsafe.com)
  • Since May of 2011, the IARC classification for cell phone radiation internationally has been officially documented as a Class 2B Carcinogen. (rfsafe.com)
  • In May 2016, the 25 million dollar study by U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) announced that male rats exposed to cell phone radiation over a 2 year period developed higher rates of cancer. (rfsafe.com)
  • Research has proven how cell phone radiation damages DNA in a two-stage process involving ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). (rfsafe.com)
  • These most recent studies have shown us that the debate about cell phone radiation being hazardous or not is over, and it is time to create a cell phone radiation policy that will address these issues as bio-effects have been observed at a rate of 92 percent in 80 peer-reviewed studies. (rfsafe.com)
  • Therefore, it is important for governments of different countries to come together to create legislation that will limit cell phone radiation. (rfsafe.com)
  • National Council for Radiation Protection and Measure-ments, www.ncrppublications.org/Commentaries . (aao.org)
  • Below, we outline a few of the most important steps that can be taken to help ensure effective radiation protection. (alimed.com)
  • The duration of exposure should be limited to that necessary, the distance from the source of radiation should be maximised, and the source or the target shielded wherever possible. (wikipedia.org)
  • X-Ray - Registration and licensing for machine-generated sources of radiation. (wa.gov)
  • We thought that a reduction in the limit for the eye could wake up some of the radiation protection community to recognize the lens as a potential issue, about which we should be more con-cerned than we have been in the past. (aao.org)
  • In an attempt to improve the reliability of such experiments, the reduction of radiation damage occurring from exposure to X-rays is required. (rsc.org)
  • Governments must demand mandates for a reduction in radiation levels by forcing cell phone manufacturers and service providers to use different antenna technologies than the existing ones used today. (rfsafe.com)
  • Adult medical radiation protection aprons are predicted to see a reduction in demand during the projection period as alternatives to lead aprons become more widely available in dentistry clinics. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • We are also exposed to radiation from man-made sources like medical X-rays and smoke detectors. (wa.gov)
  • Radiologic technologists use personal protective equipment (PPE), such as clothing or other special equipment (including aprons), to protect themselves against exposure to ionizing radiations during the use of this medical imaging equipment. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • In most countries a national regulatory authority works towards ensuring a secure radiation environment in society by setting dose limitation requirements that are generally based on the recommendations of the ICRP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation protection is part of the fields of the ILO's action on the protection of workers against sickness, disease and injury arising out of his employment as mandated by the Organization's constitution. (ilo.org)
  • The ILO's activities on radiation protection cover the protection of workers against both ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. (ilo.org)
  • Following a major 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami which struck north-eastern Japan on 11 March 2011, the Fukushima nuclear power plants have experienced equipment failures which caused a series of explosions, fires, injuries to the plant workers and emergency responders and radiation releases. (ilo.org)
  • Personal radiation monitoring requirements for dental X-ray workers. (cancercare.mb.ca)
  • This is relevant to not only astronauts in space, but also cancer patients, those undergoing radiotherapy, radiation workers and victims of nuclear accidents. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This training course is aimed at workers who are possibly exposed to ionizing radiation in their professional environment, according to Article 25 of the Royal Decree of 20 July 2001. (sckcen.be)
  • In RF Safe's SCP (Safe Cell Phone) Accessory Packages only scientifically proven ways to reduce radiation exposure are used to protect you and your loved-ones from increased risk when using wireless products. (rfsafe.com)
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  • Radiation is energy given off by atoms and is all around us. (wa.gov)
  • Radiation can be classified according to the effects it produces on matter, into ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. (ilo.org)
  • Less quantity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences the therapeutic effects on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). (hindawi.com)
  • These results are interpreted in terms of indirect radiation damage by reactive secondary species, as well as post-irradiation effects, related to preferential-exclusion of the cosolute from the protein surface. (rsc.org)
  • Interventionists frequently wear radiation-protective aprons to protect themselves from the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Ionizing radiation has been well connected to various biological damaging effects for many years. (drsircus.com)
  • One of the most vulnerable organs susceptible to the damaging effects of scatter radiation exposure is the thyroid gland, which is the butterfly-shaped endocrine gland normally situated in the lower frontal region of the neck. (alimed.com)
  • In this article, we will discuss the effects of radiation on the thyroid, why it's essential to protect it, and the various ways to do so effectively for medical professionals who work with radiation. (alimed.com)
  • Appendix E. Radiation Dose Rates and Activity Conversion Factors. (osiander.de)
  • Protective gear is essential for limiting radiation exposure for healthcare professionals, and it is especially important to choose equipment that fully protects the thyroid. (alimed.com)
  • Increasing usage of nuclear medicine & radiation therapy coupled with the rising incidence of cancer, and recommendations for cancer screening are expected to offer strong growth opportunities for players in the market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Japan has distributed potassium iodine tablets to residents who may have been exposed to radiation from the nuclear power plants damaged by the recent earthquake, but in recent years, U.S. authorities have questioned whether the benefits of such pills have been exaggerated or misunderstood. (propublica.org)
  • Potassium Iodide tablets should be immediately available in the event of a nuclear radiation emergency. (nukepills.com)
  • Our expertise includes matters associated with ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. (cancercare.mb.ca)