Hafnia alvei
CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins
Use of a computer for producing microbiological reports and for data storage and processing. (1/17)
A simple 'fail-safe' system is described that produces microbiology reports on a computer teleprinter and stores results on the magnetic tapes and discs of a computer for instant retrieval and epidemiological analysis. The system, which has been in operation for over a year, involves the use of a modified conventional NCR request form. The top portion, which is completed manually by the laboratory staff, is coded by writing numbers in hatched boxes. The data thus written on to the bottom portion are transcribed by punch operators on to paper tape and this data input is verified by double punching. The reports are normally produced automatically by the computer terminal telprinter, but in case of mechanical failure the manually completed request forms can be returned to wards and outpatient departments. The system permits a wide choice of options for epidemiological analysis, and six programmes are described, one of which produces a digest of the overall percentage antibiotic sensitivities of organisms from various sites. (+info)Data storage and retrieval system for a nuclear medicine department. (2/17)
A mark sense IBM data card was designed specifically for the nuclear medicine department. The data card functions as a flow sheet with coded information added in sequence by secretary, technician, and physician. Statistical information, patient identification, quantitative results, physician interpretation, and discharge diagnosis can be easily coded and entered on the card by the appropriate individual. The completed card can be punched, filed, and retrieved by machine. Filing and retrieving can also be done by hand for flexibility. The stored data can easily by programmed and converted to computer handling and storage. The card is inexpensive to produce. Card design is extremely flexible for varying needs. If sorting and punching equipment is not available, this can be contracted for in the community as low cost. (+info)Indexing and filing of pathological illustrations. (3/17)
An inexpensive feature card retrieval system has been combined with the Systematised Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP) to provide simple but efficient means of indexing and filing 2 in. x 2 in. transparencies within a department of pathology. Using this system 2400 transparencies and the associated index cards can be conveniently stored in one drawer of a standard filing cabinet. (+info)Summary code for ocular herpes simplex. (4/17)
A code for herpetic eye disease is presented. This simplifies the management of individual patients, and the up-to-date code summary of each case is easily maintained thus facilitating assessment of interrelating factors. It is suggested that the pattern of herpetic eye disease may have prognostic and epidemiological significance. This system has simplified retrieval of such data. (+info)A test of several parametic statistical models for estimating success rate in the treatment of carcinoma cervix uteri. (5/17)
The parametric statistical models discussed include all those which have previously been described in the literature (Boag, 1948-lognormal; Berkson and Gage, 1952-negative exponential; Haybittle, 1959-extrapolated actuarial) and the basic data used to test the models comprised some 3000 case histories of patients treated between 1945 and 1962. The histories were followed up during the period treated between 1945 and 1962. The histories were followed up during the period 1969-71 and thus provided adequate information to validate long-term survival fractions predicted using short-term follow-up data. The results with the log-normal model showed that for series of staged carcinoma cervix patients treated during a 5-year period, satisfactory estimates of long-term survival fractions could be predicted after a minimum waiting period of 3 years for stages I and II, and 2 years for stage III. The model should be used with a value assumed for the lognormal paramater S in the range S = 0.35 to S = 0.40. Although alternative models often gave adequate predictions, the lognormal proved to be the most consistent model. This model may therefore now be used with more confidence for prospective studies on carcinoma cervix series and can provide good estimates of long-term survival fractions several years earlier than would otherwise be possible. (+info)A METHOD FOR COMPILING BACTERIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN A MEDIUM-SIZED HOSPITAL. (6/17)
A method for classifying and compiling bacteriological findings has been established in a 350-bed hospital in order to allow future correlation of laboratory data with information obtained from clinical observations. All information available before and after bacteriological investigation was registered by notching the appropriate holes of a 5 x 8 McBee Keysort perforated card. Each hole on the card corresponded to a specific item of information such as wards, type of specimens, sensitivity to antibiotics and sulfonamides, bacterial species, and so on. With this method it is easy to pick out with a needle any information that may be requested, for example: (1) incidence of Staphylococcus pyogenes in specimens submitted by each department, (2) Staphylococcus pyogenes strains isolated in each department, (3) antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and (4) incidence of cultures yielding positive growth. (+info)MECHANIZATION IN A NEW MEDICAL SCHOOL LIBRARY. I. ACQUISITIONS AND CATALOGING. (7/17)
The organization of a new medical school library offered a unique opportunity to develop machine methods of bibliographic control and to use electronic data processing for library routines. The development of the program and an analysis of major problems is reported. The program uses IBM record unit, punched card equipment: the IBM 407 Model E8 Accounting Machine, the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch, the IBM 82 Sorter, and the IBM 85 Collator. The total machine rental. with educational discount, for the program is $506.50 per month. A specific report is given of the ordering. receiving, and processing (including cataloging) procedures. (+info)MECHANIZATION OF LIBRARY PROCEDURES IN THE MEDIUMSIZED MEDICAL LIBRARY: 3. ACQUISITIONS AND CATALOGING. (8/17)
A system is described for producing acquisitions and fiscal records, new book lists, and book catalogs of nonserial works from a single punched card input, manipulated by a computer under the control of programs written for the task. All parts of the system are now in operation except the production of the subject portion of the book catalog, for which the program is now (March 1965) being developed and which is expected to be in operation by summer. (+info)'Hafnia alvei' is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the environment, including in water and soil. It is also part of the normal gut microbiota in some animals, including humans. However, it is not a well-known or widely studied species, and its potential clinical significance is not well understood. There have been some reports of Hafnia alvei causing infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, but these are relatively rare. Therefore, there is no widely accepted medical definition for 'Hafnia alvei' in the context of human disease.
CARD (caspase recruitment domain) signaling adaptor proteins are a group of intracellular signaling molecules that play a crucial role in the regulation of various cellular processes, including inflammation, immunity, and programmed cell death or apoptosis. These proteins contain a CARD domain, which is a protein-protein interaction module that enables them to bind to other CARD-containing proteins and form large signaling complexes.
CARD signaling adaptor proteins function as molecular scaffolds that help bring together various signaling components in response to different stimuli, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). By doing so, they facilitate the activation of downstream signaling cascades and the initiation of appropriate cellular responses.
Some examples of CARD signaling adaptor proteins include:
1. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88): This protein is involved in the signaling pathways of most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family members, which are critical for the detection of microbial components and the initiation of innate immune responses.
2. CARD9: This protein is involved in the signaling pathways of several C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which recognize fungal and other pathogens, and plays a key role in antifungal immunity.
3. ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD): This protein is involved in the formation of inflammasomes, which are large cytosolic complexes that activate caspase-1 and promote the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
4. RIPK2 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2): This protein is involved in the signaling pathways of NOD1 and NOD2, which are intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan, and plays a role in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis.
Overall, CARD-containing proteins play crucial roles in various immune signaling pathways by mediating protein-protein interactions and downstream signal transduction events, ultimately leading to the activation of innate immunity and inflammatory responses.