Primaquine. Medical search

An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)

Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.

A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.

A republic of southeast Asia, northwest of Thailand, long familiar as Burma. Its capital is Yangon, formerly Rangoon. Inhabited by people of Mongolian stock and probably of Tibetan origin, by the 3d century A.D. it was settled by Hindus. The modern Burmese state was founded in the 18th century but was in conflict with the British during the 19th century. Made a crown colony of Great Britain in 1937, it was granted independence in 1947. In 1989 it became Myanmar. The name comes from myanma, meaning the strong, as applied to the Burmese people themselves. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p192 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p367)

The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)

A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.

An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin where the iron within the heme group is in the ferric (Fe3+) state, unable to bind oxygen and leading to impaired oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

A republic in the north of South America, east of VENEZUELA and west of SURINAME. Its capital is Georgetown.

A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

Malaria prevention in travelers. (1/308)

The prevention of malaria in travelers is becoming a more challenging clinical and public health problem because of the global development of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains of malaria and the increasing popularity of travel to exotic locales. Travelers can reduce their risk of acquiring malaria by using bed netting, wearing proper clothing and applying an insect repellent that contains N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Chloroquine, once the standard agent for weekly malaria prophylaxis, is no longer reliably effective outside the Middle East and Central America because of the emergence of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Mefloquine is now the most effective and most recommended antimalarial agent on the U.S. market; however, the side effects of this agent have begun to limit its acceptance. Doxycycline is effective for malaria prophylaxis in travelers who are unable to take mefloquine. Daily proguanil taken in conjunction with weekly chloroquine is an option for pregnant patients traveling to sub-Saharan Africa. Terminal prophylaxis with two weeks of primaquine phosphate can eliminate an asymptomatic carrier state and the later development of malaria in newly returned long-term travelers with probable exposure to Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale. Travelers who elect not to take an antimalarial agent or who are at high risk for malaria and are more than 24 hours from medical care can use self-treatment regimens such as those featuring pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine. Conventional agents may be contraindicated in certain travelers, especially pregnant women and small children, and several prophylactic agents are not available in the United States. Azithromycin and a number of malaria vaccines are currently under investigation. (+info)

Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria. (2/308)

A rapid single-step screening method for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6 PD) deficiency was evaluated on Halmahera Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia, and in Shan and Mon States, Myanmar, in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria by an acridine orange staining method. Severe deficiency was detected by the rapid test in 45 of 1126 volunteers in Indonesia and 54 of 1079 in Myanmar, but it was difficult to distinguish blood samples with mild deficiency from those with normal activity. 89 of 99 severely deficient cases were later confirmed by formazan ring method in the laboratory, but 5 with mild and 5 with no deficiency were misdiagnosed as severe. Of the samples diagnosed as mild and no deficiency on-site, none was found to be severely deficient by the formazan method. Malaria patients were simultaenously++ detected on-site in 273 samples on Halmahera island and 277 samples from Shan and Mon States. In Mon State, primaquine was prescribed safely to G6 PD-normal malaria patients infected with Plasmodium vivax and/or gametocytes of P. falciparum. The new rapid test for G6 PD deficiency may be useful for detecting severe cases under field conditions, and both rapid tests combined are can be useful in malaria-endemic areas, facilitating early diagnosis, prompt and radical treatment of malaria and suppression of malaria transmission. (+info)

Phosphorylation of arylsulphatase A occurs through multiple interactions with the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase proximal and distal to its retrieval site by the KDEL receptor. (3/308)

Phosphorylation of oligosaccharides of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulphatase A (ASA), which accumulate in the secretions of cells that mis-sort most of the newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes due to a deficiency of mannose 6-phosphate receptors, was found to be site specific. ASA residing within the secretory route of these cells contains about one third of the incorporated [2-3H]mannose in phosphorylated oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides carrying two phosphate groups are almost 2-fold less frequent than those with one phosphate group and only a few of the phosphate groups are uncovered. Addition of a KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) retention signal prolongs the residence time of ASA within the secretory route 6-fold, but does not result in more efficient phosphorylation. In contrast, more than 90% of the [2-3H]mannose incorporated into secreted ASA (with or without a KDEL retention signal) is present in phosphorylated oligosaccharides. Those with two phosphate groups are almost twice as frequent as those with one phosphate group and most of the phosphate groups are uncovered. Thus, ASA receives N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate groups in a sequential manner at two or more sites located within the secretory route proximal and distal to the site where ASA is retrieved by the KDEL receptor, i.e. proximal to the trans-Golgi. At each of these sites up to two N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate groups can be added to a single oligosaccharide. Of several drugs known to inhibit transit of ASA through the secretory route only the ionophore monensin had a major inhibitory effect on phosphorylation, uncovering and sialylation. (+info)

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled assessment of chloroquine/primaquine prophylaxis for malaria in nonimmune Colombian soldiers. (4/308)

To improve upon the efficacy of primaquine prophylaxis for malaria (94%, Plasmodium falciparum malaria; 85%, Plasmodium vivax malaria), we administered chloroquine (300 mg weekly) in combination with primaquine (30 mg daily) to nonimmune Colombian soldiers during 16 weeks of patrol in a region of endemicity and for a further 1 week in base camp. The occurrence of symptomatic parasitemia was determined during those 17 weeks and during a further 3 weeks in base camp. The protective efficacy for the chloroquine/primaquine treatment group of 100 subjects, compared with that for the placebo treatment group of 51 subjects, was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76-94) against all types of malaria, 89% (95% CI, 61-97) against P. falciparum malaria, and 88% (95% CI, 58-93) against P. vivax malaria. Two chloroquine/primaquine recipients had severe gastrointestinal distress. Comparison of these data with data from a previous study indicates that the addition of chloroquine did not increase the prophylactic efficacy of primaquine. (+info)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria: rosettes are disrupted by quinine, artemisinin, mefloquine, primaquine, pyrimethamine, chloroquine and proguanil. (5/308)

An assay was developed measuring the disruption of rosettes between Plasmodium falciparuminfected (trophozoites) and uninfected erythrocytes by the antimalarial drugs quinine, artemisinin mefloquine, primaquine, pyrimethamine, chloroquine and proguanil. At 4 hr incubation rosettes were disrupted by all the drugs in a dose dependent manner. Artemisinin and quinine were the most effective anti-malarials at disrupting rosettes at their therapeutic concentrations with South African RSA 14, 15, 17 and The Gambian FCR-3 P. falciparum strains. The least effective drugs were proguanil and chloroquine. A combination of artemisinin and mefloquine was more effective than each drug alone. The combinations of pyrimethamine or primaquine, with quinine disrupted more rosettes than quinine alone. Quinine may be an effective drug in the treatment of severe malaria because the drug efficiently reduces the number of rosettes. (+info)

Longevity of naturally acquired antibody responses to the N- and C-terminal regions of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1. (6/308)

In an earlier study, we found that individuals with patent infection had significantly higher IgG antibody titers to the 19-kD C-terminal region of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1) than individuals treated for malaria 1-4 months earlier. These results suggested that the antibody levels decreased rapidly following treatment. The present study was designed to determine the persistence of antibody response to the N- and C-terminal regions of PvMSP1 after infection with P. vivax in individuals from the city of Belem in northern Brazil. Our results demonstrated that the vast majority of individuals had a significant decrease in antibody titers to the C-terminal region of PvMSP1 in a period of two months following treatment. Among responders to the C-terminal region, 44.4% became serologically negative and 44.4% had their antibody titers reduced by an average of 13-fold. Only 11.2% of the individuals had their antibody titers maintained or slightly increased during that period. A decrease in the antibody response to the recombinant protein representing the N-terminal region of PvMSP1 was also noted; however, it was not as dramatic. The rapid decrease in the antibody levels to the C-terminal region of PvMSP1 might contribute to the high risk of reinfection in these individuals. (+info)

Primaquine as prophylaxis for malaria for nonimmune travelers: A comparison with mefloquine and doxycycline. (7/308)

Malaria prophylaxis for travelers is a controversial issue. The commonly used regimens are associated with side effects, low compliance, or low efficacy, which have raised concern regarding their use. In addition, they are inefficient against the tissue stage of the parasite and thus do not prevent relapses of Plasmodium vivax infection. Primaquine is aimed at the pre-erythrocytic stage and thus may be a potential causal-prophylactic treatment that can abolish the need for long postexposure therapy. During 1995-1998, we followed retrospectively travelers who joined rafting trips to an area in Ethiopia where both P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are hyperendemic. Of the 106 travelers who received primaquine, 5.7% developed malaria; of the 19 doxycycline recipients, 53% developed malaria; and of the 25 mefloquine recipients, 52% developed P. vivax malaria (>/=3 months after return from the area of endemicity). Primaquine was well tolerated, and only 1 withdrawal from therapy (due to gastrointestinal symptoms) was reported. Primaquine was shown to be a safe and effective prophylactic drug against both P. falciparum malaria and P. vivax malaria in travelers. (+info)

Efficacy of primaquine regimens for primaquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand. (8/308)

To define the current efficacy of Fansidar (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel Switzerland) (pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine), primaquine in a high dose, and artesunate for treating acute Plasmodium vivax malaria, we conducted a comparative clinical trial of these 3 drugs in an open-label study. Patients (15-65 years old) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments regimens in a serial order. Ninety percent of the patients were infected at Thailand-Myanmar border. Patients in group I (n = 23) received Fansidar (3 tablets, 75 mg of pyrimethamine and 1,500 mg of sulfadoxine, a single dose on the first day), group II (n = 23) received Fansidar (3 tablets, 75 mg of pyrimethamine and 1,500 mg of sulfadoxine, a single dose on the first day) and then received primaquine (30 mg a day for 14 days), group III (n = 23) received primaquine (30 mg a day for 14 days), and group IV (n = 23) received artesunate (200 mg once a day for 3 days) and then primaquine (30 mg a day for 14 days). Cure rates on day 28 of follow-up were 40%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in groups I, II, II, and IV, respectively. There were 4 and 5 patients in group I showing post-treatment reappearance of parasitemia at < or = 16 days and between 17 and 28 days, respectively. Patients in the other 3 groups showed negative parasitemias within 7 days after treatment. Artesunate plus primaquine (group IV) cleared parasitemia faster than the other 3 regimens. There is a high proportion of ineffectiveness of Fansidar for treatment of P. vivax malaria and it should be no longer used for treatment of P. vivax malaria acquired at the Thailand-Myanmar border. A high dose of primaquine is safe and effective in the treatment of P. vivax malaria during the 28-day follow-up period. (+info)

Primaquine is an antimalarial medication used to prevent and treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites. It is the only antimalarial drug effective against the liver stages (hypnozoites) of P. vivax and P. ovale, which can cause relapses if not treated.

Primaquine works by producing free radicals that damage the malaria parasite's DNA, leading to its death. It is a relatively inexpensive drug and is often used in mass drug administration programs for malaria elimination. However, primaquine can cause hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) in people with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, so it is important to screen for this condition before prescribing the drug.

In addition to its antimalarial properties, primaquine has also been used off-label to treat certain types of cutaneous leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species.

Antimalarials are a class of drugs that are used for the prevention, treatment, and elimination of malaria. They work by targeting the malaria parasite at various stages of its life cycle, particularly the erythrocytic stage when it infects red blood cells. Some commonly prescribed antimalarials include chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, and artemisinin-based combinations. These drugs can be used alone or in combination with other antimalarial agents to increase their efficacy and prevent the development of drug resistance. Antimalarials are also being investigated for their potential use in treating other diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Malaria, Vivax:

A type of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium vivax. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria, Vivax is characterized by recurring fevers, chills, and flu-like symptoms, which can occur every other day or every third day. This type of malaria can have mild to severe symptoms and can sometimes lead to complications such as anemia and splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). One distinguishing feature of Malaria, Vivax is its ability to form dormant stages in the liver (called hypnozoites), which can reactivate and cause relapses even after years of apparent cure. Effective treatment includes medication to kill both the blood and liver stages of the parasite. Preventive measures include using mosquito nets, insect repellents, and antimalarial drugs for prophylaxis in areas with high transmission rates.

Chloroquine is an antimalarial and autoimmune disease drug. It works by increasing the pH or making the environment less acidic in the digestive vacuoles of malaria parasites, which inhibits the polymerization of heme and the formation of hemozoin. This results in the accumulation of toxic levels of heme that are harmful to the parasite. Chloroquine is also used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and photodermatitis.

The chemical name for chloroquine is 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline, and it has a molecular formula of C18H26ClN3. It is available in the form of phosphate or sulfate salts for oral administration as tablets or solution.

Chloroquine was first synthesized in 1934 by Bayer scientists, and it has been widely used since the 1940s as a safe and effective antimalarial drug. However, the emergence of chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria parasites has limited its use in some areas. Chloroquine is also being investigated for its potential therapeutic effects on various viral infections, including COVID-19.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the normal functioning of an enzyme called G6PD. This enzyme is found in red blood cells and plays a crucial role in protecting them from damage.

In people with G6PD deficiency, the enzyme's activity is reduced or absent, making their red blood cells more susceptible to damage and destruction, particularly when they are exposed to certain triggers such as certain medications, infections, or foods. This can lead to a condition called hemolysis, where the red blood cells break down prematurely, leading to anemia, jaundice, and in severe cases, kidney failure.

G6PD deficiency is typically inherited from one's parents in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that males are more likely to be affected than females. While there is no cure for G6PD deficiency, avoiding triggers and managing symptoms can help prevent complications.

"Plasmodium vivax" is a species of protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. It's one of the five malaria parasites that can infect humans, with P. falciparum being the most deadly.

P. vivax typically enters the human body through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Once inside the human host, the parasite travels to the liver where it multiplies and matures. After a period of development that can range from weeks to several months, the mature parasites are released into the bloodstream, where they infect red blood cells and continue to multiply.

The symptoms of P. vivax malaria include fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and fatigue. One distinctive feature of P. vivax is its ability to form dormant stages (hypnozoites) in the liver, which can reactivate and cause relapses of the disease months or even years after the initial infection.

P. vivax malaria is treatable with medications such as chloroquine, but resistance to this drug has been reported in some parts of the world. Prevention measures include using insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying to reduce mosquito populations, as well as taking prophylactic medications for travelers visiting areas where malaria is common.

Artemisinins are a class of antimalarial drugs derived from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua). They are highly effective against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of malaria parasite. Artemisinins have become an essential component in the treatment of malaria and are often used in combination therapy regimens to reduce the risk of drug resistance.

The artemisinin compounds contain a unique peroxide bridge that is responsible for their antimalarial activity. They work by generating free radicals that can damage the parasite's membranes, leading to its rapid death. Artemisinins have a fast action and can significantly reduce the parasite biomass in the first few days of treatment.

Some commonly used artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) include:

* Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem)
* Artesunate-amodiaquine (Coarsucam)
* Artesunate-mefloquine (Artequin)
* Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim, Duo-Cotecxin)

Artemisinins have also shown potential in treating other conditions, such as certain types of cancer and viral infections. However, more research is needed to establish their safety and efficacy for these indications.

Aminoquinolines are a class of drugs that contain a quinoline chemical structure and an amino group. They are primarily used as antimalarial agents, with the most well-known members of this class being chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. These drugs work by inhibiting the parasite's ability to digest hemoglobin in the red blood cells, which is necessary for its survival and reproduction.

In addition to their antimalarial properties, aminoquinolines have also been studied for their potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. They have been investigated as a treatment for various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, although their use in these conditions is not yet widely accepted.

It's important to note that aminoquinolines can have significant side effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms, retinopathy, and cardiac toxicity. They should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, and their use may be contraindicated in certain populations, such as pregnant women or individuals with preexisting heart conditions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Myanmar" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a country in Southeast Asia, also known as Burma. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

Methemoglobinemia is a medical condition characterized by an increased level of methemoglobin in the blood. Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that cannot effectively transport oxygen throughout the body due to the iron atom within its structure being oxidized from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state.

Under normal circumstances, methemoglobin levels are kept below 1% of total hemoglobin. However, when these levels rise above 10%, it can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, headache, fatigue, and cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes). Severe methemoglobinemia, with levels exceeding 50%, can result in life-threatening complications, including seizures, coma, and even death.

Methemoglobinemia can be congenital or acquired. Congenital methemoglobinemia is caused by genetic defects affecting the enzymes responsible for reducing methemoglobin back to its functional form, hemoglobin. Acquired methemoglobinemia can result from exposure to certain medications, chemicals, or toxins that oxidize hemoglobin and increase methemoglobin levels. Treatment typically involves administering methylene blue, a reducing agent that helps convert methemoglobin back to functional hemoglobin. In severe cases or when methylene blue is contraindicated, alternative treatments such as exchange transfusions or hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be considered.

Mefloquine is an antimalarial medication that is used to prevent and treat malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. It works by interfering with the growth of the parasite in the red blood cells of the body. Mefloquine is a synthetic quinoline compound, and it is available under the brand name Lariam, among others.

Mefloquine is typically taken once a week, starting one to two weeks before traveling to an area where malaria is common, and continuing for four weeks after leaving the area. It may also be used to treat acute malaria infection in conjunction with other antimalarial medications.

It's important to note that mefloquine has been associated with serious neuropsychiatric side effects, including anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and seizures. Therefore, it is usually reserved for use in situations where other antimalarial drugs cannot be used or have failed. Before taking mefloquine, individuals should discuss their medical history and potential risks with their healthcare provider.

Malaria is not a medical definition itself, but it is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Here's a simple definition:

Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, characterized by cycles of fever, chills, and anemia. It can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Indonesia" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Quinine is defined as a bitter crystalline alkaloid derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree, primarily used in the treatment of malaria and other parasitic diseases. It works by interfering with the reproduction of the malaria parasite within red blood cells. Quinine has also been used historically as a muscle relaxant and analgesic, but its use for these purposes is now limited due to potential serious side effects. In addition, quinine can be found in some beverages like tonic water, where it is present in very small amounts for flavoring purposes.

Malaria, Falciparum is defined as a severe and often fatal form of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. This type of malaria is characterized by high fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and vomiting. If left untreated, it can cause severe anemia, kidney failure, seizures, coma, and even death. It is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa.

Parasitemia is a medical term that refers to the presence of parasites, particularly malaria-causing Plasmodium species, in the bloodstream. It is the condition where red blood cells are infected by these parasites, which can lead to various symptoms such as fever, chills, anemia, and organ damage in severe cases. The level of parasitemia is often used to assess the severity of malaria infection and to guide treatment decisions.

Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin in which the iron within the heme group is in the ferric (Fe3+) state instead of the ferrous (Fe2+) state. This oxidation reduces its ability to bind and transport oxygen effectively, leading to methemoglobinemia when methemoglobin levels become too high. Methemoglobin has a limited capacity to release oxygen to tissues, which can result in hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply) and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes).

Methemoglobin is normally present in small amounts in the blood, but certain factors such as exposure to oxidizing agents, genetic predisposition, or certain medications can increase its levels. Elevated methemoglobin levels can be treated with methylene blue, which helps restore the iron within hemoglobin back to its ferrous state and improves oxygen transport capacity.

"Plasmodium" is a genus of protozoan parasites that are the causative agents of malaria in humans and other animals. There are several species within this genus, including Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, among others.

These parasites have a complex life cycle that involves two hosts: an Anopheles mosquito and a vertebrate host (such as humans). When a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, the parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells, where they multiply and cause the symptoms of malaria.

Plasmodium species are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, which become infected after taking a blood meal from an infected person. The parasites then develop in the mosquito's midgut, eventually making their way to the salivary glands, where they can be transmitted to another human through the mosquito's bite.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is characterized by fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, and anemia, among other symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe illness and death from malaria.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Guyana" is not a medical term. It's actually the name of a country located in South America, known for its diverse wildlife, rainforests, and unique cultural heritage. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those for you!

Proguanil is an antimalarial medication that is primarily used to prevent and treat malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. It works by blocking the development of the parasite in the red blood cells, thereby preventing the disease from progressing. Proguanil is often used in combination with other antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine or atovaquone to increase its effectiveness and reduce the risk of drug resistance.

Proguanil is available under various brand names, including Paludrine and Malarona. It is typically taken daily in tablet form, starting before travel to a malaria-endemic area and continuing for several weeks after leaving the area. Proguanil may also be used off-label for other indications, such as treating certain types of cancer or preventing recurrent urinary tract infections. However, its use for these conditions is not well-established and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Like all medications, proguanil can have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and mouth ulcers. It may also interact with other drugs, such as warfarin and metoclopramide, so it is important to inform a healthcare provider of all medications being taken before starting proguanil. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult their healthcare provider before taking proguanil, as its safety in these populations has not been well-studied.

'Plasmodium falciparum' is a specific species of protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and has a complex life cycle involving both human and mosquito hosts.

In the human host, the parasites infect red blood cells, where they multiply and cause damage, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, anemia, and in severe cases, organ failure and death. 'Plasmodium falciparum' malaria is often more severe and life-threatening than other forms of malaria caused by different Plasmodium species. It is a major public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment remains limited.

... , Primaquine diphosphate, Primaquine Phosphate, and Remaquin. SN-13272 Primaquine has been studied in animal models ... Persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) may develop hemolytic anemia from primaquine. Primaquine is ... while receiving primaquine and related drugs. Common side effects of primaquine administration include nausea, vomiting, and ... Primaquine has not been studied extensively in people 65 and older so it is not known if dosing should be adjusted for this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primaquine

Primaquine (Primaquine), for malaria. Synvisc (Hyaluronic acid), for knee pain. - Urology Ditropan XL (Oxybutynin chloride), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi

Standard treatment is concurrent treatment with chloroquine and primaquine. The combination atovaquone-proguanil may be used in ... Baird JK, Hoffman SL (November 2004). "Primaquine therapy for malaria". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (9): 1336-45. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_ovale

At least a 14-day course of primaquine is required for the radical treatment of P. vivax malaria. The idea that primaquine ... Like primaquine, tafenoquine causes hemolysis in people who are G6PD deficient. In 2013 researchers produced cultured human " ... It is an 8-aminoquinoline, of the same family as primaquine, developed by researchers at the Walter Reed Army Institute of ... Eradication of the liver stages is achieved by giving primaquine but patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_vivax

Primaquine for 14 days can also be used for this. The advantage of tafenoquine is that it has a long half-life (2-3 weeks) and ... Tafenoquine is related to primaquine. Tafenoquine may be used to prevent all types of malaria. For this use 200 mg 3 days ... Markus, MB (2019). "Killing of Plasmodium vivax by primaquine and tafenoquine". Trends in Parasitology. 35 (11): 857-859. doi: ... "The efficacy and tolerability of three different regimens of tafenoquine versus primaquine for post-exposure prophylaxis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafenoquine

The addition of primaquine with artemisinin-based combination therapy for falciparum malaria reduces its transmission at day 3- ... Waters NC, Edstein MD (2012). "8-Aminoquinolines: Primaquine and tafenoquine". In Staines HM, Krishna S (eds.). Treatment and ... Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group) (February 2018). "Primaquine or other 8-aminoquinolines for reducing Plasmodium falciparum ... combination therapy and clearance of parasites from the liver with an 8-aminoquinoline agent such as primaquine or tafenoquine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria

... only primaquine is currently recommended by the World Health Organization. Like primaquine, pamaquine causes haemolytic anaemia ... Pamaquine is more toxic and less efficacious than primaquine; therefore, pamaquine is no longer routinely used, and of the two ... One small clinical trial of pamaquine as a causal prophylactic was disappointing (whereas primaquine is an extremely effective ... It is closely related to primaquine. Plasmochin Plasmoquine Plasmaquine Pamaquine is effective against the hypnozoites of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamaquine

G6PD deficient persons are also sensitive to several drugs in addition to primaquine. G6PD deficiency is the second most common ... Alving AS, Carson PE, Flanagan CL, Ickes CE (1956). "Enzymatic deficiency in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes". Science. 124 ( ... In 1956 Alving and colleagues showed that in some African Americans the antimalarial drug primaquine induces hemolytic anemia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_resistance_to_malaria

It is recommended that people be tested for G6PDD before certain medications, such as primaquine, are taken. About 400 million ... Baird K (2015). "Origins and implications of neglect of G6PD deficiency and primaquine toxicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria". ... ISBN 978-1-4641-0962-1. Alving AS, Carson PE, Flanagan CL, Ickes CE (September 1956). "Enzymatic deficiency in primaquine- ... Antimalarial drugs that can cause acute hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency include primaquine, pamaquine, chloroquine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiency

These include quinine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, and primaquine. Quinoline is used as a solvent and reagent in organic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoline

Markus, MB (2022). "How does primaquine prevent Plasmodium vivax malarial recurrences?". Trends in Parasitology. 38 (11): 924- ... Primaquine, and Artesunate". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 50 (6): 1927-30. doi:10.1128/AAC.01472-05. PMC 1479118. PMID 16723547 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_malaria

Treatment for babesiosis consisted of primaquine (1 mg/kg PO q24h for 10 days; primaquine phosphate 1.76%m/v in stabilized ... In seabirds, primaquine has been used in a study to show effective treatment on infected hosts. ... "Empirical Primaquine Treatment of Avian Babesiosis in Seabirds". Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery. 33 (3): 258-264. doi: ... as an attempt to mitigate potential hepatotoxic effects of primaquine. To prevent transmission of Babesia and other tickborne ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babesia

September 2016). "Pathway-specific inhibition of primaquine metabolism by chloroquine/quinine". Malaria Journal. 15 (1): 466. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2D6

Beutler, E. The hemolytic effect of primaquine and related compounds. A review. Blood 14: 103-139, 1959 Beutler, E: The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Beutler

Beutler, E. (February 1959). "The hemolytic effect of primaquine and related compounds: a review". Blood. 14 (2): 103-139. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Beutler

Malarone and primaquine are the only causal prophylactics in current use. Specific regimens are recommended by the WHO, UK HPA ... Primaquine 30 mg once daily (started the day before travel, and continuing for seven days after returning): this regimen is not ... routinely recommended because of the need for G-6-PD testing prior to starting primaquine (see the article on primaquine for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_prophylaxis

The study marked the first human test of the antimalarial drug primaquine. For the experiment, doctors from the University of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateville_Penitentiary_Malaria_Study

For treating malaria, anti-malarial drugs like quinine, chloroquine and primaquine are given. Continuous fever Relapsing fever ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_fever

The derivatives primaquine, tafenoquine and pamaquine have been tested for anti-malaria activity. Primaquine is still used ... Primaquine Pamaquine Tafenoquine The amine functional group is amenable to formation of amides, and thus can serve as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-Aminoquinoline

"Efficacy of three chloroquine-primaquine regimens for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Colombia". The American Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_enhancement

In the 1990s NAMRU-2 performed cutting-edge research on the use of primaquine as primary prophylaxis for plasmodium falciparum ... "Randomised placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for prophylaxis of falciparum and vivax malaria" (PDF). Lancet. 346 (8984): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Medical_Research_Unit_Indo_Pacific

During the period of lowest malaria incidence a single dose of chloroquine plus primaquine was distributed to the whole ... In Bobo-Dioulasso, where primaquine was used in combination with either chloroquine or amodiaquine, the prevalence of ... An estimated 70% of Nicaragua's total population (1.9 million people) received chloroquine and primaquine during the peak ... According to government guidelines, piperaquine, chloroquine, or sulfadoxine combined with primaquine can be used for mass ...

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August 2018). "SAHAquines, Novel Hybrids Based on SAHA and Primaquine Motifs, as Potential Cytostatic and Antiplasmodial Agents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_deacetylase

April 2004). "Primaquine-induced hemolytic anemia: Susceptibility of normal versus glutathione-depleted rat erythrocytes to 5- ... An example is where antimalarial oxidant drugs like primaquine damage red blood cells in Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug-induced_nonautoimmune_hemolytic_anemia

Primaquine is a highly active 8-aminoquinolone that is effective against P. falcipraum gametocytes but also acts on merozoites ... There are few significant side effects although it has been shown that primaquine may cause anorexia, nausea, vomiting, cramps ... primaquine and tetracyclines. In infants and young children, it is recommended to give ACTs for first-line treatment, with ... "Efficacy and safety of primaquine and methylene blue for prevention of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Mali: a phase 2, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimalarial_medication

Cited 218 times, according to Google Scholar.) Fernando D, Rodrigo C, Rajapakse S. Primaquine in vivax malaria: an update and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senaka_Rajapakse

He started his research with cardiac glycosides and cardiac aglycones shifting to the synthesis of primaquine and other ...

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Other medications that are used, alone or in combination, include pentamidine, trimetrexate, dapsone, atovaquone, primaquine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumocystis_pneumonia

Visitors to Moheli are now required to take antimalarial drugs, a mix of artemisinin, primaquine and pyrimethamine that China ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–Comoros_relations

... but the first known instance of an effective antihypertensive treatment was in 1947 using Primaquine, an antimalarial. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihypertensive_drug

Primaquine, Primaquine diphosphate, Primaquine Phosphate, and Remaquin. SN-13272 Primaquine has been studied in animal models ... Persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) may develop hemolytic anemia from primaquine. Primaquine is ... while receiving primaquine and related drugs. Common side effects of primaquine administration include nausea, vomiting, and ... Primaquine has not been studied extensively in people 65 and older so it is not known if dosing should be adjusted for this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primaquine

... a decision to prescribe primaquine must be based on an assessment of the risks and benefits of using primaquine. If primaquine ... PRIMAQUINE. PHOSPHATE. TABLETS, USP. DESCRIPTION. Primaquine phosphate is 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxyquinoline ... If primaquine phosphate is prescribed for an individual who has shown a previous idiosyncratic reaction to primaquine phosphate ... No fertility studies have been conducted with primaquine. Primaquine is reported in the literature to be a weak genotoxic agent ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=1bfbf4ae-81b8-4160-a00d-6322aadd4b59&type=display

View images of primaquine and identify pills by imprint code, shape and color with the Drugs.com Pill Identifier. ... Primaquine Phosphate Strength. 26.3 mg (15 mg base). Imprint. W P97. Color. Pink. Shape. Round. View details ... Primaquine Phosphate Strength. 26.3 mg (15 mg base). Imprint. 059. Color. Orange. Shape. Round. View details ... Primaquine Phosphate Strength. 15 mg (base). Imprint. ALV 331. Color. Brown. Shape. Round. View details ...

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"Primaquine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Primaquine" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, ... Ethics, economics, and the use of primaquine to reduce falciparum malaria transmission in asymptomatic populations. PLoS Med. ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Primaquine" by people in Profiles. ...

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Keywords: Erythrocytes, Drug delivery, Pravastatin, Primaquine, Oxidative Stress. Citation styles. APA Copy. Alanazi, F. (2010 ... Alanazi F. Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine. Int J Med Sci 2010; 7(6 ... Alanazi, F. Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2010 ... Alanazi F. Pravastatin Provides Antioxidant Activity and Protection Of Erythrocytes Loaded Primaquine. Int J Med Sci 2010; 7(6 ...

https://www.medsci.org/v07p0358

Analysis of how age impacts the effect of primaquine dose on haematological safety in patients with Plasmodium vivax and ... Vivax and Ovale Paediatric Primaquine Haematological Safety Study Group. Analysis of how age impacts the effect of primaquine ... The Vivax and Ovale Paediatric Primaquine Haematological Safety Study Group was created as an extension of the Vivax Primaquine ... Whilst primaquine is highly efficacious against hypnozoites and gametocytes, it can cause severe drug-induced haemolysis in ...

https://www.wwarn.org/working-together/study-groups/vivax-and-ovale-paediatric-primaquine-haematological-safety-study

Adherence to primaquine was inferred from i) the percentage of supervised doses and ii) the total mg/kg dose received compared ... The effect of adherence to primaquine on the incidence of P. vivax recurrence between days 7 and 90 was investigated by Cox ... After controlling for age, sex, baseline parasitaemia, and total primaquine dose per protocol, the rate of the first recurrence ... Efficacy studies of patients with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria, including a treatment arm with daily primaquine, published ...

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-023-04725-w

We assessed primaquine (PQ) as hypnozoitocide when administered with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim®, DHA-PP) or ... These offer alternative partner drugs for radical cure with primaquine. The AS arm demonstrated efficacy with a total dose of 7 ... A third arm, artesunate followed by primaquine, was not intended as therapy for practice, but addressed a hypothesis concerning ... mg/kg PQ without concurrently administered blood schizontocide, another option when primaquine therapy is removed in time from ...

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0535-9

Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria * Molecular characterization and mapping of G6PD ... Single low-dose primaquine for blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria * Community participation in mass anti- ... Short-course primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria * Determinants of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine ... G6PD Variants and Haemolytic Sensitivity to Primaquine and Other Drugs * Improving treatment and outcomes for melioidosis in ...

https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/1115919

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Accept all cookies well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. If you click Reject all non-essential cookies only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings. ...

https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/61007

0.75 mg/kg primaquine/week for 8 weeks versus high-standard course: One RCT compared weekly primaquine with the high-standard ... 0.5 mg/kg/day primaquine for 7 days versus standard 14-day course: Five RCTs compared 0.5 mg/kg/day primaquine for 7 days with ... There may be little or no difference in the number of adverse events known to occur with primaquine between the primaquine ... We do not know if there is any difference in P vivax recurrences at 6 months with 0.5 mg/kg/day primaquine therapy for 14 days ...

https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/61766/

A new, slightly longer regimen with increasing doses of primaquine could allow to safely treat all patients with vivax malaria. ... Primaquine is a drug used to eliminate vivax malaria from the liver and prevent relapses. However, it causes anaemia in ... Bob Taylor: Primaquine for vivax and falciparum malaria Primaquine can be used both to treat vivax malaria and to prevent the ... Primaquine destroys the older rather than the young red blood cells. We believe that its possible, by giving primaquine over a ...

https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/research/malaria/james-watson-primaquine-and-vivax-malaria

What is primaquine phosphate?What is primaquine phosphate? What is primaquine phosphate?. Primaquine phosphate is an ... How is primaquine phosphate used in people with HIV?How is primaquine phosphate used in people with HIV? How is primaquine ... How should primaquine phosphate be stored?How should primaquine phosphate be stored? How should primaquine phosphate be stored? ... How should I take primaquine phosphate?How should I take primaquine phosphate? How should I take primaquine phosphate?. Take ...

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Primaquine - Special Authority SA1684 -- Retail pharmacy* Tab 15 mg * Brand Fully subsidised brand. Sanofi Primaquine ... ":"Primaquine","data":{"category":"Medicine","linkRef":"Primaquine"}},{"value":"Primidone","data":{"category":"Medicine"," ... ":"Sanofi Primaquine","data":{"category":"Medicine","linkRef":"Sanofi Primaquine"}},{"value":"Sapropterin dihydrochloride"," ... ":"SA1684 - Primaquine","data":{"category":"SA Form","linkRef":"SA1684"}},{"value":"SA1685 - Lamivudine","data":{"category":"SA ...

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Primaquine answers are found in the Johns Hopkins HIV Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, ... "Primaquine." Johns Hopkins HIV Guide, 2017. Johns Hopkins Guides, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/ ... TY - ELEC T1 - Primaquine ID - 545170 A1 - Smith,Janessa,Pharm.D. BCPS AU - Pham,Paul,Pharm.D. Y1 - 2017/12/11/ BT - Johns ... 545170/all/Primaquine. Smith J, Pham PA. Primaquine. Johns Hopkins HIV Guide. 2017. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/ ...

https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545170/all/Primaquine

Bob Taylor: Primaquine for vivax and falciparum malaria * Premjit Amornchai: MORU Biosafety Level 3 and melioidosis in Thailand ... Single low-dose primaquine for blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria * Incidence and clearance of anal high- ... Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria * Molecular characterization and mapping of G6PD ... Short-course primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria * Determinants of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine ...

https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/489535

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You can order the Primaquine Phosphate online from Qwark Health. ... The active ingredient in Primaquine Phosphate is primaquine ... Primaquine Phosphate. ?. Primaquine phosphate is an antimalarial medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as ... Primaquine Phosphate. ?. Primaquine phosphate is an antimalarial medication that is typically used to prevent or treat malaria ... Primaquine phosphate is usually produced by SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. or other pharmaceutical companies. When using primaquine ...

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... a Canadian pharmacy providing Primaquine at competitive prices. ... Are you Looking to Buy Primaquine (Primaquine phosphate) from ... Primaquine may also be taken with food to lessen stomach upset.. Do not take Primaquine if you are allergic to any of its ... The Primaquine medication above is manufactured by Sanofi Synthelabo.. In the US, Customers can order Primaquine online , or as ... Primaquine should be stored in a safe place that is protected from heat and moisture. Keep Primaquine tablets at room ...

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Primaquine is not used to treat the erythrocytic stage of malaria. Administer the drug for the hypnozoite stage of P vivax and ... is a complication that may be associated with high-dose regimens of quinine or the derivatives chloroquine and primaquine. [54 ...

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Primaquine: Belongs to the class of aminoquinoline antimalarials., ... Primaquine. Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4908, Primaquine. https:// ... Mechanism of Action: Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial which is active against exoerythrocytic stages of ... Buckingham R (ed). Primaquine Phosphate. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https ...

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PRIMAQUINE: REPORT FROM CDC EXPERT MEETING ON MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS I HILL DR., RYAN ET., PARISE ME., MAGILL AJ., LEWIS LS ... Bob Taylor: Primaquine for vivax and falciparum malaria * Premjit Amornchai: MORU Biosafety Level 3 and melioidosis in Thailand ... Single low-dose primaquine for blocking transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria * Incidence and clearance of anal high- ... Tafenoquine versus Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria * Molecular characterization and mapping of G6PD ...

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Primaquine (8- aminoquinoline derivative). It is a tissue schizonticide, effective against hepatic stages of plasmodium life ... Home » Pharmacology » Artemisinin, Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, Primaquine, Atovaquone, Proguanil and Pyrimethamine. Artemisinin, ... Care is taken that primaquine is only administered if G6PD state of patient is evaluated as it is contraindicated in G6PD ... In most cases blood schizonticide (chloroquine) is used, when erythrocytic stage is eliminated then primaquine is administered ...

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Primaquine dosage (Malirid 2.5 mg Tablet) is used for malaria due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale along with other ... Large doses of primaquine must be avoided as leukopenia (a decrease in the number of white blood cells) can occur. Primaquine ... Q. How long does primaquine stay in your system?. It is usually taken once a day for 14 days. Take primaquine at around the ... Q. Why primaquine dosage is contraindicated in pregnancy?. Primaquine dosage is contraindicated in pregnancy, because the ...

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Primaquine is a medication used to treat and prevent malaria and to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
Primaquine is primarily used to prevent relapse of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. (wikipedia.org)
However, the WHO has recommended that a single dose of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) is safe to give even in individuals with G6PD deficiency, for the purpose of preventing transmission of P. falciparum malaria. (wikipedia.org)
Primaquine phosphate is indicated for the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of vivax malaria. (nih.gov)
Bangchang KN, Songsaeng W, Thanavibul A, Choroenlarp P, Karbwang J. Pharmacokinetics of primaquine in G6PD deficient and G6PD normal patients with vivax malaria. (cdc.gov)
Ethics, economics, and the use of primaquine to reduce falciparum malaria transmission in asymptomatic populations. (harvard.edu)
Since its introduction into clinical practice more than 60 years ago there is a wealth of data from clinical trials documenting the safety and efficacy of primaquine in patients with P. vivax malaria, but relatively limited data in P. ovale malaria. (wwarn.org)
Efficacy studies of patients with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria, including a treatment arm with daily primaquine, published between January 1999 and March 2020 were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
The AS arm demonstrated efficacy with a total dose of 7 mg/kg PQ without concurrently administered blood schizontocide, another option when primaquine therapy is removed in time from the treatment of the acute malaria or applied presumptively without an attack. (biomedcentral.com)
In 1952 the United States licensed the 8-aminoquinoline primaquine combined with the 4-aminoquinoline chloroquine for radical cure of P. vivax malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of alternative primaquine regimens for radical cure of P vivax malaria compared to the standard or high-standard 14 days of primaquine (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/day), as well as comparison of these two WHO-recommended regimens. (edu.au)
Primaquine is a drug used to eliminate vivax malaria from the liver and prevent relapses. (ox.ac.uk)
A new, slightly longer regimen with increasing doses of primaquine could allow to safely treat all patients with vivax malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
James has a particular interest in G6PD deficiency in the context of radical curative drugs for vivax malaria, and works on developing a new primaquine regimen which would be safe in G6PD deficiency. (ox.ac.uk)
Primaquine can be used both to treat vivax malaria and to prevent the transmission of falciparum malaria from human to mosquito. (ox.ac.uk)
A shorter and age-based primaquine regimen would reduce the burden of vivax malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
It would also allow primaquine to be used more widely to block the transmission of falciparum malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
Primaquine phosphate works by interfering with the growth and reproduction of malaria parasites within the body. (qwarkhealth.com)
Primaquine phosphate is an antimalarial medication that is typically used to prevent or treat malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale parasites. (qwarkhealth.com)
Primaquine phosphate is an antimalarial medication that is used to prevent and treat malaria caused by certain types of parasites. (qwarkhealth.com)
Primaquine is a prescription medication that is primarily used in the treatment and prevention of malaria. (prescriptionpoint.com)
Primaquine dosage is prescribed to prevent relapses of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. (alldaygeneric.com)
Primaquine dosage is an antimalarial drug administered alone or with another medication for treating malaria (a serious infection spread by mosquitoes) and to prevent the relapse in people one affected with malaria. (alldaygeneric.com)
Primaquine phosphate (Primaquin) works by killing the malaria causing organisms present in the body. (alldaygeneric.com)
Primaquine dosage works by increasing the levels of haeme in the blood, a substance toxic to the malaria parasite. (alldaygeneric.com)
Primaquine, an anti-malarial drug is given to prevent malaria relapses and data on its pharmacokinetics is lacking in children. (longdom.org)
We studied the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral dose of Primaquine (0.3mg/kg) in normally nourished and malnourished children with P.vivax malaria. (longdom.org)
Primaquine (PQ) prevents relapses of vivax malaria but may induce severe haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients. (edu.au)
The risks of using primaquine in infancy must be weighed against the risks of recurrent vivax malaria in early life. (edu.au)
Primaquine is een medicijn om malaria te behandelen of te voorkomen, een ziekte veroorzaakt door parasieten. (fr.nf)
Primaquine wordt gebruikt om te voorkomen dat malaria terugkomt bij mensen die besmet zijn met de vivax vorm van deze ziekte. (fr.nf)
Primaquine is a medication to treat or prevent malaria, a disease caused by parasites. (fr.nf)
Primaquine is used to prevent malaria from coming back in people who have been infected with the vivax form of this disease. (fr.nf)
In addition to taking primaquine, use protective clothing, insect repellents, and mosquito netting around your bed to further prevent mosquito bites that could cause malaria. (fr.nf)
Primaquine for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria poses a potentially life-threatening risk of haemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients. (pasteur.fr)
Herein, we review five events of acute haemolytic anaemia following the administration of primaquine in four malaria trials from Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, and Vietnam. (pasteur.fr)
To assess the effects of adding a single dose of primaquine (PQ) to treatment for falciparum malaria to reduce disease transmission. (evidence4health.org)
TY - ELEC T1 - Primaquine at alternative dosing schedules for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria. (unboundmedicine.com)
In its attempts to cure malaria, the government has implemented the DHP formulation (dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine) added with primaquine. (journalcra.com)
The purpose of this research is to compare absorption rate constant (Ka), time of maximum concentration observed (Tmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (VD), clearance (CL), plasma maximum concentration (Cmax), and area under curve (AUC) of the DHA-piperaquine (DHP) and primaquine combination in 12 uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients and the pharmacological effects. (journalcra.com)
In low transmission areas, give a single dose of 0.25mg/kg · primaquine with ACT to patients with P. falciparum malaria to reduce transmission. (who.int)

If primaquine is not administered to patients with proven P. vivax or P. ovale infection, a very high likelihood of relapse exists for weeks or months (sometimes years). (wikipedia.org)
As of 2016, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of primaquine for primary prophylaxis prior to travel to areas with a high incidence of P. vivax, and for terminal prophylaxis (anti-relapse therapy) after travel. (wikipedia.org)
Primaquine is lethal to P. vivax and P. ovale in the liver stage, and also to P. vivax in the blood stage through its ability to do oxidative damage to the cell. (wikipedia.org)
The Vivax and Ovale Paediatric Primaquine Haematological Safety Study Group was created as an extension of the Vivax Primaquine Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study Group formed in August 2019. (wwarn.org)
Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ), is the only widely available antimalarial that kills dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale . (wwarn.org)
The risk of haemolysis depends on the duration and dose of primaquine administration, which is almost 20-fold higher for P. vivax radical cure than the single low dose administered for P. falciparum gametocytocidal activity. (wwarn.org)
Imperfect adherence is a major barrier to effective primaquine radical cure of Plasmodium vivax . (biomedcentral.com)
The effect of adherence to primaquine on the incidence of P. vivax recurrence between days 7 and 90 was investigated by Cox regression analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Primaquine, the most widely used anti-malarial that kills the liver stage of P. vivax , is administered over 7 to 14 days. (biomedcentral.com)
To better understand the impact of reduced adherence and inform strategies for improving the effectiveness of primaquine radical cure regimens, an individual patient data pooled meta-analysis of prospective P. vivax clinical efficacy studies was undertaken to investigate the effect of reduced adherence on the risk of P. vivax recurrence between days 7 and 90 and the key patient factors that contribute to reduced adherence. (biomedcentral.com)
Safety and efficacy of primaquine against repeated attacks of Plasmodium vivax depends upon co-administered blood schizontocidal therapy in radical cure. (biomedcentral.com)
Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial which is active against exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale , primary exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum , and gametocytes of Plasmodia . (azurewebsites.net)
Primaquine should be added to the main treatment to prevent relapses of infection with the P. vivax and P. ovale parasites. (who.int)
Patients infected with P. vivax and P. ovale also receive primaquine or a single dose of tafenoquine to prevent relapse. (msdmanuals.com)
Terminal treatment with primaquine or tafenoquine is given to patients likely to have been exposed to P. vivax or P. ovale . (msdmanuals.com)

Primaquine should not be given to people with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to the risk of red blood cell breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
Primaquine is contraindicated in pregnancy, because the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status of the fetus would be unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) may develop hemolytic anemia from primaquine. (wikipedia.org)
Primaquine phosphate is 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxyquinoline phosphate, a synthetic compound with potent antimalarial activity. (nih.gov)
Each tablet contains 26.3 mg of primaquine phosphate (equivalent to 15 mg of primaquine base). (nih.gov)
Primaquine phosphate is an 8-amino-quinoline compound which eliminates tissue (exoerythrocytic) infection. (nih.gov)
Primaquine phosphate is also active against gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. (nih.gov)
Primaquine phosphate is contraindicated in acutely ill patients suffering from systemic disease manifested by tendency to granulocytopenia, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. (nih.gov)
Discontinue the use of primaquine phosphate promptly if signs suggestive of hemolytic anemia occur (darkening of the urine, marked fall of hemoglobin or erythrocytic count). (nih.gov)
What does Primaquine phosphate look like? (drugs.com)
This long treatment course can be difficult to complete, and primaquine can cause dangerous haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, meaning that physicians may be reluctant to prescribe in areas where G6PD testing is not available. (edu.au)
Primaquine phosphate is an antimalarial medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as antimalarials. (qwarkhealth.com)
Primaquine phosphate is typically used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to achieve the best treatment outcomes. (qwarkhealth.com)
As with any medication, it is crucial to discuss potential side effects and any existing health conditions or medications with a healthcare provider before starting primaquine phosphate. (qwarkhealth.com)
Primaquine phosphate is usually produced by SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. or other pharmaceutical companies. (qwarkhealth.com)
When using primaquine phosphate, it is essential to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the medication's label. (qwarkhealth.com)
Here are some general guidelines for using primaquine phosphate: 1. (qwarkhealth.com)
Dosage: The dosage of primaquine phosphate may vary depending on factors such as your age, weight, and the specific condition being treated. (qwarkhealth.com)
2. Administration: Primaquine phosphate is typically taken orally, with or without food. (qwarkhealth.com)
3. Duration: The duration of primaquine phosphate treatment will depend on the specific condition being treated and the protocol prescribed by your doctor. (qwarkhealth.com)
4. Precautions: Before starting primaquine phosphate, inform your healthcare provider about any allergies, medical conditions, or medications you are currently taking. (qwarkhealth.com)
Primaquine phosphate can interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions. (qwarkhealth.com)
5. Follow-up: Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider are important to ensure the effectiveness and safety of primaquine phosphate. (qwarkhealth.com)
As with any medication, it is crucial to use primaquine phosphate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. (qwarkhealth.com)
If you have any questions or concerns about using primaquine phosphate, it is best to consult with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice. (qwarkhealth.com)
Firstly, it is important to note that primaquine phosphate can cause severe hemolytic anemia in individuals with certain genetic traits, such as a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). (qwarkhealth.com)
Secondly, primaquine phosphate should be used with caution in individuals with a history of liver disease or impairment, as it can cause liver toxicity. (qwarkhealth.com)
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of body weight) and never had so much as primaquine phosphate coupons a sore throat or sniffle, despite ample time with all the sick. (ofir.org.il)
Primaquine phosphate is not used alone but in combination with other antimalarial drug/drugs for these purposes. (alldaygeneric.com)
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Primaquine should not be administered to anyone with G6PD deficiency because a severe reaction can occur, resulting in hemolytic anemia. (wikipedia.org)
People from these regions have a greater tendency to develop hemolytic anemia (due to a congenital deficiency of erythrocytic G6PD) while receiving primaquine and related drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency, G6PD testing has to be performed before using primaquine. (nih.gov)
Primaquine should not be prescribed for patients with severe G6PD deficiency (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). (nih.gov)
In case of mild to moderate G6PD deficiency, a decision to prescribe primaquine must be based on an assessment of the risks and benefits of using primaquine. (nih.gov)
When the G6PD status is unknown and G6PD testing is not available, a decision to prescribe primaquine must be based on an assessment of the risks and benefits of using primaquine. (nih.gov)
Whilst primaquine is highly efficacious against hypnozoites and gametocytes, it can cause severe drug-induced haemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency. (wwarn.org)
The problem with primaquine is that it causes anaemia in people with a genetic deficiency called G6PD deficiency. (ox.ac.uk)
This research started off as a project trying to understand the dynamics of red blood cells and how this drug primaquine destroys red blood cells, and then we've transformed that into a new regimen that we could possibly give to G6PD deficient patients. (ox.ac.uk)
In Asia, we think that there are millions of people who are G6PD deficient and who can't take primaquine, so these people would directly benefit from a new regimen that would be safe. (ox.ac.uk)
Case Series of Primaquine-Induced Haemolytic Events in Controlled Trials with G6PD Screening. (pasteur.fr)
Five males aged 9 to 48 years were improperly classified as G6PD-normal by various screening procedures and included as subjects in trials of anti-relapse therapy with daily primaquine. (pasteur.fr)
Failed G6PD screening procedures in these trials led G6PD-deficient patients to suffer harmful exposures to primaquine. (pasteur.fr)
The safe application of primaquine anti-relapse therapy requires G6PD screening and anticipation of its failure with a means of prompt detection and rescue from the typically abrupt haemolytic crisis. (pasteur.fr)

15 years) and how this relates to daily dose of primaquine. (wwarn.org)
The interaction between age and the daily and total primaquine mg/kg dose on haematological safety will be explored through multivariable logistic regression analysis. (wwarn.org)
Adherence to primaquine was inferred from i) the percentage of supervised doses and ii) the total mg/kg dose received compared to the target total mg/kg dose per protocol. (biomedcentral.com)
We believe that it's possible, by giving primaquine over a slightly longer duration - three weeks instead of two weeks - and starting with low doses and slowly escalating the dose over time, it's possible to do something similar to control burning, where you start off and you burn a little bit. (ox.ac.uk)
This is exactly the same as primaquine and it has the same toxic side effects, except that you can give it as one single dose. (ox.ac.uk)
Methemoglobinemia is a complication that may be associated with high-dose regimens of quinine or the derivatives chloroquine and primaquine. (medscape.com)
Ascorbic acid may be given at a dose of 200 mg tid to treat methaemoglobinaemia after withdrawing primaquine. (azurewebsites.net)
Primaquin comes as a tablet and to be taken by mouth.It should be taken at the same time every day.Skipping the doses or stop taking primaquine dose may not completely cure the infection and may come back. (alldaygeneric.com)
Do not use extra Primaquine dosage to make up for a missed dose. (alldaygeneric.com)
Thirty-three (0.9%) patients received low-dose primaquine (LDP), 174 (4.7%) received high-dose primaquine (HDP), 3432 (93.2%) received no primaquine (NPQ) and 42 patients received either a single dose or an unknown dose of primaquine. (edu.au)
The usual dose of primaquine is 1 tablet daily for 14 days. (fr.nf)
These values are in broad agreement with values obtained in healthy Caucasians after administration of an equivalent dose of primaquine. (ox.ac.uk)
Adding a single low-dose of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) to artemether-lume" by Richard Mwaiswelo, Billy Ngasala et al. (aku.edu)
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended the addition of a single low-dose of the gametocytocidal drug primaquine (PQ) to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in low transmission set‑ tings as a component of pre-elimination or elimination programmes. (aku.edu)

We assessed primaquine (PQ) as hypnozoitocide when administered with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim®, DHA-PP) or artesunate-pyronaridine (Pyramax®, AS-PYR) to affirm its good tolerability and efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)

This is an important progress because you have to take primaquine over two weeks and lots of people don't finished their treatment and therefore don't cure themselves of these relapsing infections. (ox.ac.uk)
You may need a special dosage in order to safely take Primaquine. (prescriptionpoint.com)
Take Primaquine with caution when you are required to drive or perform hazardous activities until you know how this medication affects you. (prescriptionpoint.com)
Do not take Primaquine if you are allergic to any of its ingredients. (prescriptionpoint.com)
How should I take primaquine? (fr.nf)
Take primaquine for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. (fr.nf)

But it has been hypothesized that primaquine (and perhaps also the newer, related drug tafenoquine) might kill a proportion of non-circulating merozoites as well as hypnozoites, such as merozoites in bone marrow, thereby reducing the number of recrudescences (not only hypnozoite-mediated relapses) that take place. (wikipedia.org)

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a 14-day drug course with primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, at 0.25 mg/kg/day in most of the world (standard course), or 0.5 mg/kg/day in East Asia and Oceania (high-standard course). (edu.au)

Keep Primaquine tablets at room temperature. (prescriptionpoint.com)
Primaquine tablets should be taken orally and accompanied with a glass of water. (prescriptionpoint.com)

There's only one drug that cleans your liver and stops this relapse which is primaquine. (ox.ac.uk)

If you are a woman, keep using birth control after you stop taking primaquine, until you have at least one menstrual period. (fr.nf)

Data on the safety of primaquine in infants are limited. (edu.au)

A course of treatment with a blood schizontocide (e.g. chloroquine) is usually given 1st to kill any erythrocytic parasites and may be administered with or followed by primaquine. (azurewebsites.net)

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Pharmacokinetics of primaquine in man. (ox.ac.uk)
We have investigated the pharmacokinetics of primaquine after acute and chronic administration of the drug to five healthy Thai volunteers. (ox.ac.uk)

At high doses, primaquine induces gastro-intestinal symptoms that often reduce patient adherence. (wwarn.org)

These offer alternative partner drugs for radical cure with primaquine. (biomedcentral.com)

Primaquine is also used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a fungal infection commonly occurring in people with AIDS and, more rarely, in those taking immunosuppressive drugs. (wikipedia.org)

Early signs of acute haemolysis, i.e., dark urine and haemoglobin drop >20%, occurred only after day 3 and as late as day 8 of primaquine dosing. (pasteur.fr)

If primaquine administration is considered, baseline hematocrit and hemoglobin must be checked before treatment and close hematological monitoring (e.g. at day 3 and 8) is required. (nih.gov)
Patients must be informed of the potential for adverse genetic and reproductive effects associated with primaquine treatment (see PRECAUTIONS, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility and Animal Pharmacology and/or Animal Toxicology ). (nih.gov)
Sexually active females of reproductive potential should have a pregnancy test prior to starting treatment with primaquine. (nih.gov)

Plasma concentrations of PQ and its major metabolite, carboxy-primaquine (CPQ), were measured with a newly developed stereoselective bioanalytical method (Hanpithakpong et al. (cdc.gov)
The carboxylic acid metabolite of primaquine accumulated in plasma after repeated dosing such that by day 14 of chronic dosing the mean AUC (0,24) for this metabolite was 74% greater than that obtained after acute administration of primaquine. (ox.ac.uk)

A third arm, artesunate followed by primaquine, was not intended as therapy for practice, but addressed a hypothesis concerning primaquine efficacy without co-administration of blood schizontocide. (biomedcentral.com)

Common side effects of primaquine administration include nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. (wikipedia.org)

The Primaquine medication above is manufactured by Sanofi Synthelabo. (prescriptionpoint.com)
Patient Family Information : Primaquine is a prescription medication that should be taken in the exact fashion that is outlined in your prescription. (prescriptionpoint.com)
Primaquine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (fr.nf)

The results showed that the kinetic profile of DHA, piperaquine, and primaquine synergized well with no contradictions recorded as the patients were cured without any side effects. (journalcra.com)

How to use Malirid 2.5 mg Tablet (primaquine)? (alldaygeneric.com)

Similarly, primaquine should not be administered to patients who have received quinacrine recently, as toxicity is increased. (nih.gov)

2017. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_HIV_Guide/545170/all/Primaquine. (hopkinsguides.com)

Severe clinical outcomes amongst infants treated with primaquine in Papua were rare. (edu.au)

The consent form states in English that blood samples collected from the patient may be used to genetically characterize the parasites and CYP genes from the patient, and that samples may be shared with other researchers for the purpose of investigating the basis of primaquine (PQ) resistance. (cdc.gov)
That stops dangerous anaemia in a patient and it gives the bone marrow time to respond and make new, younger red blood cells that are resistant to this toxic effect of primaquine. (ox.ac.uk)

Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are using primaquine, whether you are a man or a woman. (fr.nf)

Risks of admission, death and severe haematological outcomes within 30 days of first presentation were compared between infants who did and did not receive primaquine. (edu.au)

Because quinacrine hydrochloride appears to potentiate the toxicity of antimalarial compounds which are structurally related to primaquine, the use of quinacrine in patients receiving primaquine is contraindicated. (nih.gov)
Mepacrine may enhance the toxicity of primaquine. (azurewebsites.net)

PrescriptionPoint.com guarantees the best price for Primaquine and will beat any other price found on a CIPA certified website for the same drug by 5 dollars. (prescriptionpoint.com)
How does the drug primaquine work? (alldaygeneric.com)
Repeated dosing with primaquine had no effect on the mean pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for this drug. (ox.ac.uk)

It is often recommended that primaquine not be used during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Tell your doctor right away if a pregnancy occurs while either the mother or the father is using primaquine. (fr.nf)

Organisms3

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs9

Geographicals3

Malaria prevention in travelers. (1/308)

Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria. (2/308)

Phosphorylation of arylsulphatase A occurs through multiple interactions with the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase proximal and distal to its retrieval site by the KDEL receptor. (3/308)

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled assessment of chloroquine/primaquine prophylaxis for malaria in nonimmune Colombian soldiers. (4/308)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria: rosettes are disrupted by quinine, artemisinin, mefloquine, primaquine, pyrimethamine, chloroquine and proguanil. (5/308)

Longevity of naturally acquired antibody responses to the N- and C-terminal regions of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1. (6/308)

Primaquine as prophylaxis for malaria for nonimmune travelers: A comparison with mefloquine and doxycycline. (7/308)

Efficacy of primaquine regimens for primaquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand. (8/308)

Primaquine

Antimalarials

Malaria, Vivax

Chloroquine

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Plasmodium vivax

Artemisinins

Aminoquinolines

Myanmar

Methemoglobinemia

Mefloquine

Malaria

Indonesia

Quinine

Malaria, Falciparum

Parasitemia

Methemoglobin

Plasmodium

Guyana

Proguanil

Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria prevention in travelers. (1/308)

Field trials of a rapid test for G6PD deficiency in combination with a rapid diagnosis of malaria. (2/308)

Phosphorylation of arylsulphatase A occurs through multiple interactions with the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase proximal and distal to its retrieval site by the KDEL receptor. (3/308)

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled assessment of chloroquine/primaquine prophylaxis for malaria in nonimmune Colombian soldiers. (4/308)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria: rosettes are disrupted by quinine, artemisinin, mefloquine, primaquine, pyrimethamine, chloroquine and proguanil. (5/308)

Longevity of naturally acquired antibody responses to the N- and C-terminal regions of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1. (6/308)

Primaquine as prophylaxis for malaria for nonimmune travelers: A comparison with mefloquine and doxycycline. (7/308)

Efficacy of primaquine regimens for primaquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand. (8/308)

Primaquine

Sanofi

Plasmodium ovale

Plasmodium vivax

Tafenoquine

Malaria

Pamaquine

Human genetic resistance to malaria

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Quinoline

History of malaria

Babesia

CYP2D6

Ernest Beutler

Bruce Beutler

Malaria prophylaxis

Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study

Intermittent fever

8-Aminoquinoline

Antibody-dependent enhancement

Naval Medical Research Unit Indo Pacific

Mass drug administration

Histone deacetylase

Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia

Antimalarial medication

Senaka Rajapakse

Robert Elderfield

Pneumocystis pneumonia

China-Comoros relations

Antihypertensive drug

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Malaria Medication: Antimalarials