A family of insect viruses isolated from endoparasitic hymenopteran insects belonging to the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The two genera are Ichnovirus and Bracovirus.

Presence of polydnavirus transcripts in an egg-larval parasitoid and its lepidopterous host. (1/104)

The parasitoid Chelonus inanitus (Braconidae, Hymenoptera) oviposits into eggs of Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) and, along with the egg, also injects polydnaviruses and venom, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. The parasitoid larva develops within the embryonic and larval stages of the host, which enters metamorphosis precociously and arrests development in the prepupal stage. Polydnaviruses are responsible for the developmental arrest and interfere with the host's endocrine system in the last larval instar. Polydnaviruses have a segmented genome and are transmitted as a provirus integrated in the wasp's genome. Virions are only formed in female wasps and no virus replication is seen in the parasitized host. Here it is shown that very small amounts of viral transcripts were found in parasitized eggs and early larval instars of S. littoralis. Later on, transcript quantities increased and were highest in the late last larval instar for two of the three viral segments tested and in the penultimate to early last larval instar for the third segment. These are the first data on the occurrence of viral transcripts in the host of an egg-larval parasitoid and they are different from data reported for hosts of larval parasitoids, where transcript levels are already high shortly after parasitization. The analysis of three open reading frames by RT-PCR revealed viral transcripts in parasitized S. littoralis and in female pupae of C. inanitus, indicating the absence of host specificity. For one open reading frame, transcripts were also seen in male pupae, suggesting transcription from integrated viral DNA.  (+info)

Related RNAs in lepidopteran cells after in vitro infection with Hyposoter didymator virus define a new polydnavirus gene family. (2/104)

In the present study, we describe the isolation and the characterization of three different Hyposoter didymator virus (HdV) lepidopteran host-expressed genes, the products of which might interfere with the host physiology during parasitism. In this report, we study the expression of HdV genes in Sf9 cells infected with HdV since results indicate that the Sf9 model mimics to some extent the in vivo model and may be utilized to study expression of HdV genes in lepidopteran host cells. This system allowed us to isolate three HdV-specific cDNAs, termed M24, M27, and M40. cDNA nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated significant regions of homology. The three cDNAs displayed repeated sequences arranged in tandem array that might have evolved through domain duplication. Similar to other previously described polydnavirus host-expressed genes, two intron positions have been found in the M24 leader region. The cDNAs corresponded to RNAs of 1.5, 1.6, and 2.3 kb that are also detected in parasitized Spodoptera littoralis larvae. They are encoded by different genes likely located on different HdV DNA molecules. Corresponding RNAs are detected early postinfection and remain detectable for at least 10 days postinfection. They encode secreted glycine- and proline-rich proteins. An antiserum raised against a baculovirus recombinant M24-encoded protein detected similar proteins in the culture medium of infected lepidopteran cells and in parasitized host hemolymph. We propose that the three cloned genes belong to an HdV gene family specifically expressed in parasitized lepidopteran hosts.  (+info)

A gene encoding a polydnavirus structural polypeptide is not encapsidated. (3/104)

Polydnaviruses are symbiotic viruses associated with some parasitic Hymenoptera that are vertically transmitted as proviruses within wasp genomes. To study this symbiotic association a gene encoding an abundant Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus virion protein was characterized. This gene is not encapsidated but resides in the wasp genome where it is expressed only during virus replication. Immunolocalization studies detected the encoded 44-kDa protein only in oviduct tissue with ultrastructural studies detecting epitopes between or on virion envelopes. Expression and localization of the 44-kDa protein are consistent with its being a viral structural protein but localization of the gene only within the wasp genome is atypical, raising the possibility that this protein is adventitiously packaged during virion assembly. To address this possibility, quantitative dot blot and genomic Southern blot hybridizations were performed to determine whether the copy number of the p44 gene increased disproportionately during replication, as would be expected for a gene encoding a virion protein. The copy number of the p44 gene increases in tissues supporting virus replication but is unchanged in other tissues, suggesting that this gene is amplified in replicative cells. The data indicate that genes encoding polydnavirus virion proteins may be distributed between wasp and encapsidated viral genomes.  (+info)

Expression of a Tranosema rostrale polydnavirus gene in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. (4/104)

The endoparasitic wasp Tranosema rostrale (Ichneumonidae) transmits a polydnavirus (PDV) to its host, Choristoneura fumiferana, during oviposition. Unlike most other PDVs examined, the virus of T. rostrale (TrPDV) does not appear to play an important role in suppressing the host cellular immune response. However, it inhibits host metamorphosis. In the present study, TrPDV gene expression was examined in parasitized and virus-injected last-instar caterpillars. Northern analysis with viral DNA as a probe revealed only one detectable mRNA, of about 650 bp. The corresponding cDNA, termed TrV1, was cloned and sequenced and found to encode a protein of 103 amino acids which, following cleavage of the putative signal peptide, has a predicted molecular mass of 9.3 kDa. This protein displays limited similarity to the VHv1.4 cysteine-rich protein from the PDV of Campoletis sonorensis, mostly within the signal peptide region. By using a TrV1-specific probe, the TrV1 gene was localized to segment G of the TrPDV genome. The cuticle and fat body were identified as the principal sites of TrV1 transcription, with little transcription observed in haemocytes and midgut. Western analysis of proteins extracted from selected tissues of parasitized insects suggested that the TrV1 protein is secreted in the haemolymph. As observed for other PDVs, injection of TrPDV did not suppress transcription of the gene that encodes juvenile hormone esterase, the activity of which is inhibited by the virus. We speculate that the TrV1 protein may play a role in the inhibition of C. fumiferana metamorphosis.  (+info)

Characterization of two novel Microplitis demolitor polydnavirus mRNAs expressed in Pseudoplusia includens haemocytes. (5/104)

The braconid wasp Microplitis demolitor carries M. demolitor polydnavirus (MdPDV) and parasitizes the larval stage of the moth Pseudoplusia includens. M. demolitor injects MdPDV into P. includens larvae when it lays an egg and the virus infects various cells including haemocytes. Two new MdPDV transcripts expressed in host haemocytes were characterized in this study. Screening of an MdPDV-infected haemocyte cDNA library identified a 0.4 kb cDNA encoding a predicted protein of 103 amino acids which was named Egf0. 4. This protein contained a cysteine-rich epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif at its N terminus that was similar to the EGF-like domains in the previously identified MdPDV genes egf1.5 and egf1.0. Sequencing of the genomic clone pMd-10 indicated that it contained the egf0.4 gene, which consisted of two introns and three exons. This gene was located on MdPDV segment O and appeared to exist in multiple copies. A nucleic acid and expression screen identified a 1. 8 kb cDNA encoding a predicted protein of 515 amino acids designated Glc1.8. This protein consisted of a heavily glycosylated central core of six tandemly arranged repeats flanked by hydrophobic N- and C-terminal domains. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization studies indicated that both egf0.4 and glc1.8 were expressed in MdPDV-infected host haemocytes. Immunocytochemical studies also indicated that Glc1.8 localized to the cell surface.  (+info)

Co-replication of a reovirus and a polydnavirus in the ichneumonid parasitoid Hyposoter exiguae. (6/104)

A recently established colony of the ichneumonid parasitoid, Hyposoter exiguae, was found to carry both a reovirus (HeRV) and a polydnavirus (HePDV). Morphogenesis of these viruses was observed in all cells comprising the ovarian calyx epithelium, apparently without detrimental effect to the parasitoid. While polydnavirus replication in H. exiguae was restricted to the calyx region, HeRV was detected in ovarioles, oviducts, midguts, malpighian tubules, and accessory glands associated with the male reproductive system. In addition, HeRV was able to infect the fat body of parasitized host larvae and to establish a persistent infection in vitro. Electron microscopy revealed that both viruses were released into the calyx fluid compartment exclusively by budding, a phenomenon rarely observed among the Reoviridae; HeRV envelopes thus obtained, however, appeared to be subsequently shed within the oviducts. HeRV particles were concentrated to near homogeneity by differential centrifugation; mature virions consisted of seven to eight structural polypeptides and 10 dsRNA genome segments. Prominent spikes were observed at the vertices of icosahedral core particles. Most, but not all, individuals comprising the H. exiguae colony appeared to be infected with HeRV, suggesting a commensal relationship between wasp and virus; however, while this association is of obvious benefit to the virus, it seems unlikely that any advantage accrues to the parasitoid which carries it.  (+info)

Persistent expression of a newly characterized Hyposoter didymator polydnavirus gene in long-term infected lepidopteran cell lines. (7/104)

An Hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (HdIV) gene was stably maintained and efficiently transcribed in lepidopteran cell lines more than 3 years after HdIV infection. This K-gene had two introns and the fully spliced cDNA, named K19, comprised a short open reading frame and a long 3'-untranslated region with 13 imperfectly repeated sequences (44 to 102 nt). Transcripts related to the K-gene were detected in several long-term infected cell lines (Sf9, Spodoptera littoralis haemocytes, Trichoplusia ni). Conversely, no transcripts related to seven other viral cDNAs were detected, suggesting that the K-related DNA is selectively retained in long-term infected Sf9 cells. The function of the K-gene product and its association with stably transformed insect cell lines remains to be investigated.  (+info)

Characterization of Chelonus inanitus polydnavirus segments: sequences and analysis, excision site and demonstration of clustering. (8/104)

Polydnaviruses (genera Ichnovirus and Bracovirus) have a segmented genome of circular double-stranded DNA molecules, replicate in the ovary of parasitic wasps and are essential for successful parasitism of the host. Here we show the first detailed analysis of various segments of a bracovirus, the Chelonus inanitus virus (CiV). Four segments were sequenced and two of them, CiV12 and CiV14, were found to be closely related while CiV14.5 and CiV16.8 were unrelated. CiV12, CiV14.5 and CiV16.8 are unique while CiV14 occurs also nested in another larger segment. All four segments are predicted to contain genes and predictions could be substantiated in most cases. Comparison with databases revealed no significant similarities at either the nucleotide or amino acid level. Inverted repeats with identities between 77% and 92% and lengths between 26 bp and 100 bp were found on all segments outside of predicted genes. Hybridization experiments indicate that CiV12 and CiV14 are both flanked by other virus segments, suggesting that proviral CiV segments are clustered in the genome of the wasp. The integration/excision site of CiV14 was analysed and compared to that of CiV12. On both termini of proviral CiV12 and CiV14 as well as in the excised circular molecule and the rejoined DNA a very similar repeat of 14 bp was found. A model to illustrate where the terminal repeats might recombine to yield the circular molecule is presented. Excision of CiV12 and CiV14 is restricted to the female and sets in at a very specific time-point in pupal-adult development.  (+info)

Polydnaviridae is a family of viruses that have a unique relationship with parasitic wasps in the order Hymenoptera. These viruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that are integrated into the genome of their wasp hosts and are transmitted vertically from one generation to the next through the eggs.

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) have a complex structure, consisting of multiple circular DNA molecules encapsidated in enveloped particles. They do not replicate in the wasp host but instead are produced in the calyx cells of the wasp's ovary and incorporated into the venom that is injected into the caterpillar or other insect host during oviposition.

Once inside the host, PDVs alter the host's immune system to prevent encapsulation and destruction of the wasp egg, allowing the wasp larva to develop within the host. The PDV genome also encodes various proteins that can manipulate the host's physiology and development, providing nutrients for the developing wasp larvae.

Overall, Polydnaviridae is a fascinating example of a virus-insect symbiosis that has evolved over millions of years to benefit both the wasp and the virus.

Polydnaviridae. In: ICTVdB-The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA ... is a member of the family Polydnaviridae of insect viruses. There are two genera in the family: bracoform and Ichnoviriform. ... http://research.biology.arizona.edu/mosquito/willott/507/polydnaviruses.html Viralzone: Polydnaviridae ICTV (CS1: long volume ... Ichnoviriform rostralis Ichnoviriform sonorense Ichnoviriform tenuifemoris Ichnoviriform terebrantis Viruses in Polydnaviridae ...
Another proposed group is the Naldaviricetes class (including Polydnaviridae). These viruses encompass several genes that are ...
... is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae. Parasitoid wasps serve as hosts, and these wasps are themselves ...
It is one of two genera belonging to the Polydnaviridae family, Ichnovirus being the other genus. There are 32 species in this ... Bracovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae. Bracoviruses are an ancient symbiotic virus contained in ...
Furthermore, ascoviruses have been suggested as the evolutionary source of ichnoviruses (family Polydnaviridae), although other ...
B.A. Webb, N.E. Beckage, Y. Hayakawa, P.J. Krell, B. Lanzrein, D.B. Stoltz, M.R. Strand, M.D. Summers Polydnaviridae M.H.V. van ...
Polydnaviridae, Portogloboviridae, Thaspiviridae Genera: Dinodnavirus, Rhizidiovirus The second Baltimore group contains ...
All of them (including the unassigned Polydnaviridae family) share a set of unique genes not found in other viruses, which ... Nimaviridae The unassigned family Polydnaviridae is a potential member of the group because they share the characteristic genes ...
... a member of the family Polydnaviridae of insect viruses This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PDV. ...
Picornaviridae Plasmaviridae Plectroviridae Pleolipoviridae Pneumoviridae Podoviridae Polycipiviridae Polydnaviridae ...
Polydnaviridae, Portogloboviridae, Thaspiviridae, Tristromaviridae Genera: Dinodnavirus, Rhizidiovirus ssDNA viruses are ...
"Polydnaviridae" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Polydnaviridae" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Polydnaviridae" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. ... whether "Polydnaviridae" was a major or minor topic of these publications. To see the data from this visualization as text, ...
Polydnaviridae. In: ICTVdB-The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA ... is a member of the family Polydnaviridae of insect viruses. There are two genera in the family: bracoform and Ichnoviriform. ... http://research.biology.arizona.edu/mosquito/willott/507/polydnaviruses.html Viralzone: Polydnaviridae ICTV (CS1: long volume ... Ichnoviriform rostralis Ichnoviriform sonorense Ichnoviriform tenuifemoris Ichnoviriform terebrantis Viruses in Polydnaviridae ...
Familia: Polydnaviridae Genera: Bracovirus - Ichnovirus. Familia: Polyomaviridae Genera: Alphapolyomavirus - Betapolyomavirus ...
The Polydnaviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses associated with parasitoid wasps that parasitize other insects. ...
High hybridization signals were detected from Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, Reoviridae, Polydnaviridae, and Baculoviridae in most ... Polydnaviridae. Approximately 15% of human cancers are known to be caused by viruses [32], the majority of which are double- ... and Polydnaviridae in most of the cancer specimens, including the lymph nodes without cancer present. Across all HPV signatures ... and Polydnaviridae. Additional studies are necessary to determine if the identified viral signatures correlate with tumor ...
Th?z? J, Takatsuka J, Li Z, Gallais J, Doucet D, Arif B, Nakai M, Herniou EA. New insights into the evolution of Entomopoxvirinae from the complete genome sequences of four entomopoxviruses infecting Adoxophyes honmai, Choristoneura biennis, Choristoneura rosaceana, and Mythimna separata. J Virol. 2013 Jul; 87(14):7992-8003 ...
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Lipothrixviridae" by people in this website by year, and whether "Lipothrixviridae" was a major or minor topic of these publications ...
Expressão Gênica/genética , Genes Virais/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Polydnaviridae/genética , Vespas/genética , Vespas/ ... Manduca/imunologia , Manduca/parasitologia , Polydnaviridae/imunologia , Transcriptoma , Vespas/fisiologia , Animais , Corpo ... UNLABELLED: Bracoviruses (BVs) from the Polydnaviridae family are symbiotic viruses used as biological weapons by parasitoid ...
Polydnaviridae - Polyomaviridae - Portogloboviridae - Pospiviroidae - Potyviridae - Poxviridae - Quadriviridae - Reoviridae - ...
Descritores em Ciências da Saúde
Polydnaviridae (family). Portogloboviridae (family). Pospiviroidae (family). Rhizidiovirus (genus). Riboviria (clade). ...
Tibrovirus is a poorly characterized genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. There are 8 members of the genus. Tibroviruses have been isolated from biting midges, cattle, and humans. None of the tibroviruses, except for Bas-Congo virus, have been associated with any dise
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This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Lipothrixviridae" by people in this website by year, and whether "Lipothrixviridae" was a major or minor topic of these publications ...
A knowledge resource to understand virus diversity and a gateway to UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot viral entries
Ichnovirus use Polydnaviridae Ichnoviruses use Polydnaviridae ICHPPC use International Classification of Primary Care ...
Ichnovirus use Polydnaviridae Ichnoviruses use Polydnaviridae ICHPPC use International Classification of Primary Care ...
Ichnovirus use Polydnaviridae Ichnoviruses use Polydnaviridae ICHPPC use International Classification of Primary Care ...
Polydnaviridae [B04.525.630] * Viruses [B04] * RNA Viruses [B04.820] * Positive-Strand RNA Viruses [B04.820.578] * Astroviridae ...
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a powerful and versatile system for protein expression, which has many advantages. However, a limitation of any lytic viral expression system, including BEVS, is that death and lysis of infected insect cells terminates protein production. This resul …
Polydnaviridae, and Polyomaviridae; yellows indicate Poxviridae; purples indicate Siphoviridae. ...
Polydnaviridae B04.613 Oncogenic Viruses B04.613.204 DNA Tumor Viruses B04.613.204.500 Gammaherpesvirinae B04.613.204.500.500 ... Polydnaviridae B04.280.650 Poxviridae B04.280.650.160 Chordopoxvirinae B04.280.650.160.100 Avipoxvirus B04.280.650.160.100.149 ...
Polydnaviridae - Preferred Concept UI. M0027262. Scope note. A family of insect viruses isolated from endoparasitic ... Polydnaviridae Entry term(s):. Braconid Virus. Braconid Viruses. Bracovirus. Bracoviruses. Ichnovirus. Ichnoviruses. Virus, ...
Polydnaviridae Preferred Term Term UI T054067. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag ACX. ThesaurusID NLM (1994). ... Polydnaviridae Preferred Concept UI. M0027262. Registry Number. txid10482. Related Numbers. txid10483. txid10485. Scope Note. A ... Polydnaviridae. Tree Number(s). B04.280.630. B04.525.630. Unique ID. D018071. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh ...
Polydnaviridae Preferred Term Term UI T054067. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag ACX. ThesaurusID NLM (1994). ... Polydnaviridae Preferred Concept UI. M0027262. Registry Number. txid10482. Related Numbers. txid10483. txid10485. Scope Note. A ... Polydnaviridae. Tree Number(s). B04.280.630. B04.525.630. Unique ID. D018071. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh ...
Polydnaviridae, Dicistroviriade, Bromoviridae, and Virgaviridae families followed by plant virus-related sequences in the ...
2011] [Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology] [Journal] [80000535 ...
Sait, S. M., Andreev, R. A., Begon, M., Thompson, D. J., Harvey, J. A. & Swain, R. D., 1995, In: Ecological Entomology. 20, 2, p. 199-201 3 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal/periodical › Article › Scientific › peer-review ...
Polydnaviridae (6) * Transcriptoma (6) * Proteínas de Insectos (5) * Evolución Biológica (5) * Cromosoma X (4) ...
Members of Polydnaviridae represent the only known viruses with segmented double-stranded DNA genomes [9]. They exist in two ... Stoltz DB, Beckage NE, Blissard GW, Fleming JGW, Krell PJ, Theilmann DA, Summers MD, Webb BA: Polydnaviridae. Virus Taxonomy ...
Polydnaviridae (family). Portogloboviridae (family). Pospiviroidae (family). Rhizidiovirus (genus). Riboviria (clade). ...
Psychogenic Polydnaviridae Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune Polyenes Polyesters Polyethylene Polyethylene Glycols Polyethylene ...
Polydnaviridae (family). Portogloboviridae (family). Pospiviroidae (family). Rhizidiovirus (genus). Riboviria (clade). ...
Polydnaviridae (family). Portogloboviridae (family). Pospiviroidae (family). Rhizidiovirus (genus). Riboviria (clade). ...
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Mimiviridae" by people in this website by year, and whether "Mimiviridae" was a major or minor topic of these publications ...
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription.[1][2] Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.[1][2] ...
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Entomopoxvirinae" by people in this website by year, and whether "Entomopoxvirinae" was a major or minor topic of these publications ...
Polydnaviridae [B04.280.630] * Poxviridae [B04.280.650] * Rudiviridae [B04.280.775] * Tectiviridae [B04.280.900] ...
  • A polydnavirus /pɒˈlɪdnəvaɪrəs/ (PDV) or more recently, polydnaviriform[citation needed] is a member of the family Polydnaviridae of insect viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Polydnaviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses associated with parasitoid wasps that parasitize other insects. (usda.gov)
  • This wasp belongs to the Microgastroid complex of parasitoids that have viral symbionts with double-stranded DNA genomes from the genus Bracovirus (Polydnaviridae). (uga.edu)