Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

HPLC/fluorescence determination of anti-BPDE-DNA adducts in mononuclear white blood cells from PAH-exposed humans. (1/632)

The aim of this study was to compare (+/-)-r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE)-DNA adduct levels in groups of humans subjected to various levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (benzo[a]pyrene) exposure. An HPLC/fluorescence method was applied to detect specifically anti-BPDE-DNA adducts in mononuclear white blood cells [lymphocyte plus monocyte fraction (LMF)] from humans exposed to PAHs. A total of 130 subjects comprised the sample population: 26 psoriatic patients (3 days after clinical coal tar treatment of the skin), 15 coke oven workers, 19 chimney sweeps, 36 aluminium anode plant workers and 34 non-occupationally PAH-exposed subjects (controls). PAH exposure was assessed in each group by means of the urinary excretion of 1-pyrenol (mean group levels: 1.2, 0.7, 0.3, 65.0 and 0.1 micromol/mol creatinine in coke oven workers, chimney sweeps, aluminium plant anode workers, psoriatic patients and non-occupationally PAH-exposed subjects, respectively). HPLC/fluorescence analysis of BPDE-DNA adducts showed that the percentage of subjects with adduct levels exceeding the 95 percentile control subject value (8.9 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) was significantly high in coke oven workers (46.7%) and chimney sweeps (21.0%) (chi2 test, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) but not in aluminium plant workers (11.1%) and psoriatic patients (0%). The increase in BPDE-DNA adduct levels in LMF (Ln values) was significantly related to chronic inhalatory and high PAH exposure (linear multiple regression analysis, F = 6.37, P < 0.01; t = 4.2, P < 0.001). Skin acute (or short-term) and high PAH exposure, charcoal-grilled meat consumption and smoking habit did not seem to influence BPDE-DNA adduct formation in LMF.  (+info)

Structure-activity relationship of schisandrins in enhancing liver mitochondrial glutathione status in CCl4-poisoned mice. (2/632)

AIM: To explore whether the methylenedioxy group and cyclooctadiene ring of the dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton of schisandrins (Sch) play a role in the liver mitochondrial glutathione status enhancing activity. METHOD: The effects of three dibenzocyclooctadiene derivatives, Sch A, Sch B, Sch C, and a synthetic intermediate of Sch C, (dimethyl biphenyl dicarboxylate, DBD) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-hepatotoxicity and liver mitochondrial glutathione status were examined in mice. RESULTS: Pretreating mice with intragastric Sch B, Sch C, or DBD 1.mmol.kg-1.d-1 for 3 d protected against CCl4-hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B or Sch C pretreatment was associated with increases in liver mitochondrial reduced glutathione (mtGSH) level and glutathione reductase (mtGRD) activity, an indication of enhanced mitochondrial glutathione status. In contrast, the hepatoprotective action of DBD was not accompanied by any detectable changes in mtGSH level and mtGRD activity. CONCLUSION: Both the methylenedioxy group and the cyclooctadiene ring of the dibenzocyclooctadiene molecule are important structural determinants in the enhancement of liver mitochondrial glutathione status.  (+info)

Dose-dependent preferential binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to reiterated DNA of murine skin cells in culture. (3/632)

The distribution of active metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bound to reiterated or unique regions of murine DNA has been studied by a DNA-DNA renaturation technique. Murine skin cells were exposed to different doses of radioactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for 24 hr; then the hydrocarbon-labeled DNA was isolated, fragmented, and denatured. Renaturation kinetics and thermal stabilities of DNA-DNA duplexes were studied. At high carcinogen doses, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts seem to be distributed equally among the DNA of all reiteration frequencies. At low carcinogen doses, however, a dose-dependent preferential binding to reiterated DNA sequences occurs. An inverse linear relationship appears to exist between the enrichment of hydrocarbon adducts in reiterated DNA sequences and the logarithm of the amount of total hydrocarbon bound to DNA.  (+info)

Cancer initiation by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons results from formation of stable DNA adducts rather than apurinic sites. (4/632)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with high carcinogenic potencies that have been linked to the etiology of human cancers through their presence in cigarette smoke and environmental mixtures. They are metabolically activated in cells by cytochrome P450 enzymes and/or peroxidases to reactive intermediates that damage DNA. One pathway of activation forms dihydrodiol epoxides that covalently bind to exocyclic amino groups of purines in DNA to form stable adducts. Another pathway involves formation of radical cations that bind to the N7 or C8 of purines to form unstable adducts that depurinate to leave apurinic (AP) sites in DNA. In the present study the proportions of stable DNA adducts and AP sites formed by the carcinogenic PAHs dibenzo[a,l]-pyrene (DB[a,l]P), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) have been investigated in a target tissue for carcinogenesis, mouse epidermis. After topical application of the PAHs on the skin of female SENCAR mice epidermal DNA was isolated and the formation of stable DNA adducts was measured by (33)P-postlabeling and HPLC analysis. AP sites in DNA were measured with an aldehyde reactive probe in a slot-blot assay. At both 4 and 24 h after exposure, DB[a,l]P formed significantly higher amounts of stable DNA adducts than DMBA, and B[a]P exhibited the lowest level of binding. In contrast, the number of AP sites present in mice treated with these PAHs was in the order: DMBA > B[a]P >> DB[a,l]P. The level of AP sites was significantly lower than the level of stable adducts for each PAH. The most potent carcinogen, DB[a,l]P, induced the highest level of stable adducts and the lowest level of AP sites in epidermal DNA. These results indicate that stable DNA adducts rather than AP sites are responsible for tumor initiation by carcinogenic PAHs.  (+info)

Environmental pollution and human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the east Baltic region. (5/632)

Environmental contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and human exposure were surveyed in the east Baltic region. Polluted and heavily industrialized areas are upper Silesia in Poland, northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic, and the northeast part of Estonia. In Estonia the pollution is in a defined geographic area, where lung cancer incidence is higher than elsewhere. In Silesia, exposure of some 5 million people appears to be elevated; DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) adduct levels in white blood cells are increased in groups of residents with apparently only environmental exposure. By extrapolation, some 150 annual lung cancer cases could be predicted due to PAH in Silesia. Air levels of benzo[a]pyrene were increased in northern Bohemia, and domestic heating and power plants using brown coal appeared to be major contributors to particulate air pollution in winter. Further studies are needed to assess health risks of PAH exposure in central and eastern Europe.  (+info)

Alternative pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activation: the formation of polar DNA adducts. (6/632)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and some are potent carcinogens in rodents. Carcinogenic PAHs are activated in the cells to metabolites that react with DNA to form covalent adducts. For most PAHs the reactive, electrophilic species which bind to DNA, are bay-region diol-epoxides. Application of 32P-postlabeling to PAH-DNA adducts analysis revealed that for some PAHs the adduct profiles generated in model systems are more complex and include adducts which are more polar than those formed by classic bay-region diol-epoxides. This minireview summaries the information gained on typical representatives of polar PAH-DNA adducts. Formation of triol-epoxide-DNA adducts was proposed for chrysene and a non-alterant PAH, benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F). 5-OH-B[b]F, the precursor of B[b]F triol-epoxide, was found to be a potent tumor initiator in mouse skin. For planar PAHs such as dibenzanthracenes the possibility of bis-diol epoxide-DNA adducts formation was suggested. The most comprehensive data were obtained for dibenz[a,j]anthracene (DB[a,j]A). This hydrocarbon when applied to SENCAR mouse skin forms up to 23 species of adducts, most of which are polar. Among these polar adducts seven were identified as derived from DB[aj]A-3,4-10,11-bis-diol. Analysis of tumor-initiating activity showed, however, that this proximate metabolite was inactive in this respect. In contrast, an excellent correlation was observed between levels of less polar DNA adducts (i.e. those derived from bay-region diolepoxides) and skin tumor initiating activity of DB[a,j]A. Thus, while triol-epoxides seems to be involved in tumor initiating activity of the parent compound, non alterant B[b]F, the significance of bis-diol epoxide-DNA adducts, at least those derived from DB[aj]A, is minor.  (+info)

Mutability of different genetic loci in mammalian cells by metabolically activated carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. (7/632)

The relationship between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis in mammalian cells has been determined with 10 polycyclic hydrocarbons with different degrees of carcinogenicity. Mutagenesis was determined in Chinese hamster cells with genetic markers that affect the surface membrane, nucleic-acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. The mutations were characterized by resistance to ouabain, 8-azaguanine, and temperature. Mutagenesis by the carcinogens required metabolic activation and this was provided by the presence of lethally irradiated metabolizing cells. The degree of carcinogenicity was related to the degree of mutagenicity for all three genetic markers. The most potent carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, gave the highest mutagenicity and mutagenicity was obtained with 0.01 mug/ml. Treatment of the cells with aminophylline, which increases polycyclic hydrocarbon metabolism, increased mutagenesis by the carcinogens. It is suggested that such an experimental system with these and other mammalian cells should be useful as a sensitive assay for hazardous environmental chemicals.  (+info)

Effect of plant matrix and fluid ethanol concentration on supercritical fluid extraction efficiency of schisandrin derivatives. (8/632)

An investigation of the effect of plant matrix on the supercritical fluid extraction efficiency of five schisandrin derivatives is reported, exhibiting a great difference with respect to extraction efficiency depending on the matrix. Pure supercritical CO2 at 60 degrees C and 34.0 MPa cannot fully recover schisandrin derivatives from the leaves as much as from the other matrices. Only 36.9% of these compounds are extracted from leaves of Schisandra chinensis by supercritical CO2 in comparison with organic solvent extraction. However, more than 80% of schisandrin derivatives are obtained from both stem and fruit parts. Ethanol addition also shows a different effect depending on plant matrix; that is, CO2 modified with 10% ethanol could enhance the yield of schisandrin derivatives from leaves by four times when compared with that of pure CO2, but it has little effect on both stems and fruits.  (+info)

Medical definitions typically focus on the relevance of a term to medicine or healthcare, so here's a medical perspective on polycyclic compounds:

Polycyclic compounds are organic substances that contain two or more chemical rings in their structure. While not all polycyclic compounds are relevant to medicine, some can have significant medical implications. For instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of polycyclic compound that can be found in tobacco smoke and certain types of air pollution. PAHs have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer, due to their ability to damage DNA.

Another example is the class of drugs called steroids, which include hormones like cortisol and sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen. These compounds are polycyclic because they contain several interconnected rings in their structure. Steroid medications are used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including inflammation, asthma, and Addison's disease.

In summary, while not all polycyclic compounds are relevant to medicine, some can have important medical implications, either as harmful environmental pollutants or as useful therapeutic agents.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds characterized by the presence of two or more fused benzene rings. They are called "polycyclic" because they contain multiple cyclic structures, and "aromatic" because these structures contain alternating double bonds that give them distinctive chemical properties and a characteristic smell.

PAHs can be produced from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and the decomposition of organic matter. Anthropogenic sources include the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gasoline, as well as tobacco smoke, grilled foods, and certain industrial processes.

PAHs are known to be environmental pollutants and can have harmful effects on human health. They have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung, skin, and bladder cancers, as well as reproductive and developmental toxicity. PAHs can also cause skin irritation, respiratory problems, and damage to the immune system.

PAHs are found in a variety of environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. They can accumulate in the food chain, particularly in fatty tissues, and have been detected in a wide range of foods, including meat, fish, dairy products, and vegetables. Exposure to PAHs can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

It is important to limit exposure to PAHs by avoiding tobacco smoke, reducing consumption of grilled and smoked foods, using ventilation when cooking, and following safety guidelines when working with industrial processes that produce PAHs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pyrenes" is not a medical term. It is a term used in chemistry and materials science, referring to a type of aromatic hydrocarbon molecule that consists of two benzene rings fused together. If you have a different term or concept in mind, please provide it so I can give you an accurate definition or information.

In general, the term polycyclic includes polycyclic aromatic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as ... Polycyclic aromatic compound Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon William Reusch. "Naming Organic Compounds". Michigan State ... In the field of organic chemistry, a polycyclic compound is an organic compound featuring several closed rings of atoms, ... There is a scheme for naming polycyclic compounds using square brackets [] and numbers. (See Cycloalkane § Nomenclature and ...
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings. The ... Polycyclic aromatic compounds characteristically yield radicals and anions upon treatment with alkali metals. The large PAH ... Dipple, A. (1985). "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis". Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis. ACS Symposium ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ATSDR - Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ( ...
Part 1: synthesis of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbozole-3,4-dione and reactions with nucleophiles". Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. 22 (3- ... Sodium compounds, Potassium compounds, Nitrogen-oxygen compounds, Reagents for organic chemistry). ... Frémy's salt is a chemical compound with the formula (K4[ON(SO3)2]2), sometimes written as (K2[NO(SO3)2]). It a bright ...
Zelinkova, Zuzana; Wenzl, Thomas (2015). "The Occurrence of 16 EPA PAHs in Food - A Review". Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. 35 ... Fluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The molecule can be viewed as the fusion of naphthalene and benzene ... Although samples are often pale yellow, the compound is colorless. It is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It is a member ... National Pollutant Inventory - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet Chemical Profile for FLUORANTHENE from Scorecard ...
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. 40: 21-32. doi:10.1080/10406638.2017.1349679. S2CID 102741102. (CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr ... which allows for development of palatable tandoor breads that have a long shelf life and contain minimal amounts of polycyclic ...
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. 38: 1-7. doi:10.1080/10406638.2016.1140659. S2CID 99213944. (Articles without EBI source, ... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Cyclopropenes, Non-benzenoid aromatic carbocycles, Antiaromatic compounds, Multiple Chemboxes ... trans-Bicalicene is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is unusual for a 16 π electron ring system. Viewed as a unified ring ... Bicalicene is polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C16H8, composed of two cyclopentadiene and two cyclopropene rings ...
Benzo[c]fluorene belongs to a group of compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs and their derivatives are ... Librando V, Sarpietro MG, Castelli F (2003). "Role of lipophilic medium in the absorption of polycyclic aromatic compounds by ... The results of this are presented as BaPeq, which equals the concentration of the compound, times the potency of the compound ... Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. 24 (1): 1-20. doi:10.1080/10406630490426942. S2CID 85148344. Seto H, Ohkubo T, Kanoh T, Koike M ...
"Examinations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Phase Equilibrium Acidities of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds". Polycyclic Aromatic ... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Tricyclic compounds, All stub articles, Hydrocarbon stubs). ... 1H-Phenalene, often called simply phenalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Like many PAHs, it is an atmospheric ... It is the parent compound for the phosphorus-containing phosphaphenalenes. Phenalene is deprotonated by potassium methoxide to ...
... heterocyclic compounds of phosphorus and arsenic and their metal complexes; polycyclic nitrogen compounds; the structure and ...
Aromatic compounds, also known as "mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", are organic compounds containing one or more ... Approximately half of compounds known in the year 2000 are described as aromatic to some extent. Aromatic compounds play key ... The compound 1-naphthol is completely reduced to a mixture of decalin-ol isomers. The compound resorcinol, hydrogenated with ... Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that ...
J. C. Bardhan; R. N. Adhya; K. C. Bhattacharyya (1956). "Synthesis of polycyclic compounds. Part IV. Substituted 3- ... V. V. Dhekne; B. B. Ghatge; U. G. Nayak; K. K. Chakravarti; S. C. Bhattacharyya (1962). "Macrocyclic musk compounds. Part I. ... He carried forward his researches on terpernoids in India too and worked on the synthesis of natural musk odorous compounds ... Besides, he also synthesised compounds such as jasmines, rose oxide, santalols and santalenes. One of the major contributions ...
Some are inorganic forms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. For example, a rare mineral known as either ... An organic mineral is an organic compound in mineral form. An organic compound is any compound containing carbon, aside from ... In general, an organic compound is defined as any compound containing carbon, but some compounds are excepted for historical ... Lee, Milton (1981). Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Oxford: Elsevier Science. pp. 19-21. ISBN ...
Ciguatoxins are polycyclic polyether compounds. Their molecular weight is between 1.023 and 1.159 Dalton. Gambierol is ... The acetic acid (compound 1) and alcohol (compound 2) are converted to compound 3. The reaction of compound 3 with the titanium ... Compound 6 can be converted back in compound 5 with reactant c, thereby moving the equilibrium towards compound 5. This ketone ... By reductive cyclization of the D ring, the octacyclic core structure (compound 7) was made. Oxidation of compound 7 to the ...
Chenier, Philip J. (1978). "Favorskii rearrangement in bridged polycyclic compounds". Journal of Chemical Education. 55 (5): ... α,α'-Dihaloketones eliminate HX under the reaction conditions to give α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction is named ... "The Photo-Favorskii Reaction of p-Hydroxyphenacyl Compounds is Initiated by Water-Assisted, Adiabatic Extrusion of a Triplet ...
Certain rare polycyclic aromatic compounds are carcinogenic. Hydrocarbons are highly flammable. Abiogenic petroleum origin ... Hydrocarbons are also abundant in nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Burning hydrocarbons as fuel, ... Aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene are narcotic and chronic toxins, and benzene in particular is known to be ... In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.: 620 Hydrocarbons are ...
Chenier, Philip J. (1978). "The Favorskii Rearrangement in Bridged Polycyclic Compounds". Journal of Chemical Education. 55 (5 ...
Boyland E (1950). "The biological significance of metabolism of polycyclic compounds". Biochemical Society Symposium. 5: 40-54 ... Many compounds, such as PAHs, aromatic amines, aflatoxin and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, may form reactive oxygen species ... The chemicals involved in both were later shown to be polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAHs by themselves are not ... Tautomerization is the process by which compounds spontaneously rearrange themselves to assume their structural isomer forms. ...
Hydrogenated Compounds of Fused Polycyclic Hydrocarbons [4] IUPAC Blue Book. Wade, L.G. (2006). Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). ... A titanium compound, Tebbe's reagent, is useful for the synthesis of methylene compounds; in this case, even esters and amides ... "Organic Compounds: Physical and Thermochemical Data". ucdsb.on.ca. Retrieved 5 May 2019. R.L. Shriner, C.K.F. Hermann, T.C. ... Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, however their structure and properties are sufficiently distinct that ...
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): a group of aromatic compounds formed from the incomplete combustion of organic ... Toxic metals, such as lead and mercury, especially their compounds. Volatile organic compounds (VOC): VOCs are both indoor and ... "The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function". Current Research in Toxicology. 3: 100070. ... Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia ...
... has the ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de Straininfo of ... nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from agricultural soil". International Journal of ... nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from agricultural soil". International Journal of ...
Orphaned articles from June 2023, All orphaned articles, Polycyclic organic compounds). ... Polycyclic natural products such as marine toxin gambierol and brevetoxin B (Fig. 1) are intriguing targets in organic ... Polyring forming processes are applied to the total synthesis of these polycyclic molecules. Short sequences of reactions are ...
Boron containing polycyclic aromatic compounds are particularly important in organic electronics. The ability to easily ... The compound overall is highly reactive to air and needs to be stored under inert atmosphere. For the boraacenes possessing an ... Boraacenes are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing at least one boron atom. Structurally, they are related to acenes, ... This gap is associated with a lower LUMO energy rather than a higher HOMO energy, as each boron compound has a relatively ...
... is a steroidal alkaloid and thus an organic polycyclic compound. It contains cyclopropane ring containing 9β,19- ... Cyclobuxine is one compound of B. sempervirens, which grows in Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. Also it can be ... Compounds within this class of toxicity are known to interfere with central functions in animals. Cyclobuxine is generally ...
A polyquinane polycyclic compound consisting of fused five-membered hydrocarbon rings. If the compound is unsaturated instead ... The compound triquinacene, sometimes simply called quinacene (tricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]deca-2,5,8-triene) is the second member of a ... The simplest polyquinane is the bicyclic compound bicyclo[3.3.0]octane. Other members are triquinacene and dodecahedrane. ... it was found to have no such properties-and also as part of a failed attempt to synthesize the then-elusive compound ...
... s (Cl-PAHs) are a group of compounds comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ... Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are generated by combustion of organic compounds. Cl-PAHs enter the environment ... "Temporal Trends and Relationships of Particulate Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Parent Compounds in ... These types of compounds are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Toxicological studies have shown that some ...
Polycyclic aromatic compounds can be synthesized using substrates containing multiple aromatic rings. Stilbene derivatives ... elimination reaction of diaryl-ethylene structures to form phenanthrenes and other polycyclic form polycyclic aromatic ... In the presence of an oxidant, the dihydrophenanthrenes aromatize to give polycyclic aromatics. Typically, the ...
v t e (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ... An iptycene is an aromatic compound composed of varying number of arene subunits bound to a bridged bicyclo-octatriene core ...
"Capillary column gas chromatographic determination of nitro polycyclic aromatic compounds in particulate extracts". Analytical ... Diesel exhaust includes ... acetaldehyde; antimony compounds; arsenic; benzene; beryllium compounds; bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ... Includes all regioisomers of this aromatic compound. See ortho-, meta-, and para-isomer descriptions at each compound's article ... The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the exhaust stimulate nerves in the lungs, causing reflex coughing, wheezing and ...
It is a useful reactions for forming six-membered rings and generating polycyclic compounds. It is the combination of the ... "An Annulation Method for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polycyclic Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds." J. Am. Chem. ... Mak, X. Y., Crombie, L. A., Danheiser, R. L. "Synthesis of Polycyclic Benzofused Nitrogen Heterocycles via a Tandem Ynamide ... These rearrangements are performed in the presence of unsaturated compounds which undergo [2+2] cycloadditions with the in situ ...
... is an organic compound, a polycyclic hydrocarbon with formula C13H20, or (C3H5-)4C. The carbon skeleton ... This compound was synthesized in 2001 by Armin de Meijere and others, with dicyclopropyldiethenylmethane as an intermediate ...
In general, the term polycyclic includes polycyclic aromatic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as ... Polycyclic aromatic compound Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon William Reusch. "Naming Organic Compounds". Michigan State ... In the field of organic chemistry, a polycyclic compound is an organic compound featuring several closed rings of atoms, ... There is a scheme for naming polycyclic compounds using square brackets [] and numbers. (See Cycloalkane § Nomenclature and ...
... the oxidation of phenolic compounds was accompanied by shift in the wavelength and change in the colour such as the oxidation ... Biodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria Mostafa M El-Sheekh1*, MM Ghareib2 ... on the degradation of different phenolic compounds, polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds.. ... Citation: EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some ...
Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds Category. *EBDC Acid, Salts and Esters Category and Mixtures Containing Maneb, Metiram, Nabam ... E. Instructions for Completing Form R Schedule 1 (Dioxin and Dioxin-like Compounds) ...
Polar PACs (polycyclic aromatic compounds), especially oxygenated PACs (O-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can ... polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the US-EPA can occur and induce potential risk for groundwater resources. ... Polar PACs (polycyclic aromatic compounds), especially oxygenated PACs (O-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can ... Mobilization and transfer of PAC (Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds): laboratory and lysimeter column experiments. ...
Vergara-Fernández, A., Scott, F., & Moreno-Casas, P. (2020). Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds and polycyclic ... Vergara-Fernández, A, Scott, F & Moreno-Casas, P 2020, Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic ... Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Alberto Vergara-Fernández, Felipe Scott, ... Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. / Vergara-Fernández, Alberto; Scott, Felipe; ...
The latter compounds were identical with the tricycles obtained by an unambiguous independent synthesis. New 6‐aza‐1,2,3,3a‐ ... Polycyclic nitrogen compounds. Part II. Tricyclic quinoxalinones and their 4‐ or 6‐aza analogues.pdf(244.82 KB). ... Polycyclic nitrogen compounds. Part II. Tricyclic quinoxalinones and their 4‐ or 6‐aza analogues. ... Adegoke, E. A., & Alo, B. (1983). Polycyclic nitrogen compounds. Part II. Tricyclic quinoxalinones and their 4‐or 6‐aza ...
Polycyclic Compounds. The method of searching for strategic bonds in polycyclic compounds is only useful for molecules with ... Polycyclic Compounds. In each strategy, different rules are used to evaluate strategic bonds. The maximum rating for a ... All this topological criteria are analyzed by WODCA and lead to a rating for strategic bonds in polycyclic compounds. The ... As can be seen in Table 4, a nitro bond to an aromatic ring system is rated in one compound with 100, in another compound with ...
Karadakov PB, Cooper D. Modern Valence-Bond Descriptions of Polycyclic Fused Aromatic Compounds Involving Cyclopropenyl Rings. ... Karadakov, P. B., & Cooper, D. (2017). Modern Valence-Bond Descriptions of Polycyclic Fused Aromatic Compounds Involving ... Modern Valence-Bond Descriptions of Polycyclic Fused Aromatic Compounds Involving Cyclopropenyl Rings. In: Computational and ... Modern Valence-Bond Descriptions of Polycyclic Fused Aromatic Compounds Involving Cyclopropenyl Rings. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. ...
Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. Monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks of the ... Analytical chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. New York, NJ: Academic Press.. Levin W, Wood A, Chang RL, Ryan D, ... Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urine, benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in lymphocyte DNA, and ... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures of children in low-income families. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol;9(2):85-98. ...
Research Interest: combined exposures; mixtures; toxicology; polycyclic aromatic compounds. Prizes:. - 500 Swiss francs;. - An ...
Certain rare polycyclic aromatic compounds are carcinogenic. Hydrocarbons are highly flammable. See also. .mw-parser-output . ... Hydrocarbons are also abundant in nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.[15] ... In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.[1]: 620 Hydrocarbons are ... Aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene are narcotic and chronic toxins, and benzene in particular is known to be ...
Electrochemical process for the preparation of benzanthrones and planar, polycyclic aromatic oxygen-containing compounds patent ... Desalination methods and systems that include carbonate compound precipitation patent, April 2011 * Constantz, Brent R.; Farsad ... Desalination methods and systems that include carbonate compound precipitation patent, June 2010 * Constantz, Brent R.; Farsad ... Hydraulic cements comprising carbonate compound compositions patent, June 2010 * Constantz, Brent R.; Ryan, Cecily; Clodic, ...
Application of multidimensional chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques to the analysis of complex mixtures of polycyclic ... chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques to the analysis of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC). From ... chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques to the analysis of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC). ...
Polycyclic aromatic compounds--Analysis ; Polycyclische verbindingen ; Analytische chemie ; Toxicologie ; Stofwisseling ; ... Organic compounds--Analysis ; Environmental chemistry ; Milieutoxicologie ; Organische verbindingen ; Analyse--(DE-588)4122795- ... Water chemistry ; Organic compounds--Analysis ; Analyse--(DE-588)4122795-5 ; Organische Verbindungen--(DE-588)4043816-8 ; ...
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 2015; 35:41-56. Mesard PM, Sparacio T, OReilly KT. Criteria for allocation of responsibility ... OReilly, K, Mohler RE, Zemo DA Ahn, S, Magaw RI, Espino Devine C. Oxygen-containing compounds identified in groundwater from ... Oxygen‐Containing Compounds Identified in Groundwater from Fuel Release Sites Using GCxGC‐TOF‐MS. ... Towards Comprehensive Analysis of Oxygen Containing Organic Compounds in Groundwater at a Crude Oil Spill Site Using VCxGC- ...
cyclic compound. 21197. polycyclic compound. 20210. oligofluorene. 0. trifluorene +. 0. Path 2. ...
Lewis acid-promoted intramolecular annulation leading to complex polycyclic compounds. A variety of multiply substituted ... The selected compounds 3a, 3c-e, 3g, 3i, 3q, 3u, and 3v exhibited good anticancer activities against MGC-803, A549, and NCI- ... The synthesized compounds and their model analogues were studied by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and MP2 theoretical ... Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Cyclization of Arylnitrones with Diazo Compounds: Access to 3-Carboxylate Substituted N-Hydroxyindoles. * ...
Polycyclic Compounds [D04]. *Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [D04.615]. *Phenanthrenes [D04.615.723]. *Diterpenes, Abietane [ ...
CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 2012/01/10 [received]; 2012/02/28 [revised]; 2012/02/29 [ ... Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic compounds in the air, water and land. In the proposed method, ultrasound-assisted ... Personal monitoring of the high exposure group to BTEX compounds was repeated to verify the results obtained in the first phase ... In recent years, the risk of exposure to BTEX compounds, especially benzene as a carcinogen, has been considered in petroleum ...
Spitzer also will reveal what happens to compounds known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These also appear in interstellar ...
Polycyclics. Naphthalene is an example of a polycyclic aromatic compound. Each hexagonal ring is made up of carbon atoms, and ... Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds: Synthesis, Properties, Analytical Measurements, Occurrence, and Biological Effects: Proceedings ... Characteristics of aromatic (aryl) compounds. An aromatic compound contains a set of covalently bound atoms with specific ... List of organic compounds Credits. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in ...
Certain rare polycyclic aromatic compounds are carcinogenic. Hydrocarbons are highly flammable. See also. .mw-parser-output . ... Hydrocarbons are also abundant in nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.[15] ... In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.[1]: 620 Hydrocarbons are ... Aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene are narcotic and chronic toxins, and benzene in particular is known to be ...
Rather, the agents are usually polycyclic compounds that absorb UV-A radiation. ... and strong alkali and acidic compounds. These chemicals have a direct toxic effect on the skin. Chemicals found in soaps, ...
The by-products of all this rampant combustion are smelly compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These molecules " ... Not surprisingly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be found in coal, oil and even food. ... space-borne compounds adhere to their suits and hitch a ride back into the station. Astronauts have reported smelling "burned" ...
Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of a natural like glucosyl polycyclic compound. eedings. Vai. ... Anti tumor action of the natural compound parthenolide. eedings. Vai. 2009. Parthenolide sensitizes human hepatocarcinoma cells ... Oxidative stress induced by the novel compound tributyltin(iv) ferulate promotes ER stress and autophagy in colon cancer cells ... Parthenolide and Its Soluble Analogues: Multitasking Compounds with Antitumor Properties. Review essay (rassegna critica). Vai ...
Citation: Oil sands development contributes polycyclic aromatic compounds to the Athabasca River and its tributaries. Erin N. ... polycyclic aromatic compounds) into nearby Athabasca River and its tributaries than the industry-funded and government- ...
"Airborne pollutants include particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons," reports ...
  • In industrial sites historically contaminated by coal-tar (abandoned coking and manufactured-gas plants), other families of organic pollutants than the 16 PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the US-EPA can occur and induce potential risk for groundwater resources. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • In addition, a variety of substances such as fuel, water, antifreeze, dust, and various combustion products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and metallic oxides accumulate in the oil. (cdc.gov)
  • When power stations burn coal, a class of compounds called Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, or PAHs, form part of the resulting air pollution. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers have found that PAHs toxins degrade in sunlight into 'children' compounds and by-products. (eurekalert.org)
  • Some 'children' compounds can be more toxic than the 'parent' PAHs. (eurekalert.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that are released into the environment during activities of the petroleum industry. (researchgate.net)
  • Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a compound in a group of chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (chej.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are lipophilic compounds formed during the incomplete burning of coal, tobacco or other organic substances. (cdc.gov)
  • In general, the term polycyclic includes polycyclic aromatic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as heterocyclic aromatic compounds with multiple rings (where heteroaromatic compounds are aromatic compounds that contain sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or another non-carbon atoms in their rings in addition to carbon). (wikipedia.org)
  • Polar PACs (polycyclic aromatic compounds), especially oxygenated PACs (O-PACs), are present in the initial pollution and can also be generated over time. (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • A new study in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) shows that the Alberta's oil sands are likely releasing more PACs (polycyclic aromatic compounds) into nearby Athabasca River and its tributaries than the industry-funded and government-supported Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP) has reported. (mongabay.com)
  • Harnessing In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Data to Understand the Toxicity Landscape of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs). (nih.gov)
  • The main compounds found in oil and petroleum products called polycyclic aromatic compounds, or PACs, can harm birds in the marine environment . (phys.org)
  • Potential-driven molecular tiling of a charged polycyclic aromatic compound. (mpg.de)
  • The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • The by-products of all this rampant combustion are smelly compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (popsci.com)
  • Not surprisingly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be found in coal, oil and even food. (popsci.com)
  • Airborne pollutants include particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons," reports explain. (newstarget.com)
  • 2018. Occurrence, distribution and composition of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin, US. (nih.gov)
  • 2018. Utilizing ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their metabolites. (nih.gov)
  • Metalworking fluids are oil-water emulsions that contain paraffins, pine oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The contaminants include coal tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and petroleum hydrocarbons. (canadianunderwriter.ca)
  • Phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and drugs have also been reported in e-cigarette refill solutions, cartridges and aerosols. (bmj.com)
  • 2] In addition, production of asphalt releases hazardous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, lead, and copper into the environment exposing fenceline communities to a wide array of chemicals that can impact their health. (healthybuilding.net)
  • But the soil on the site was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, oil, volatile organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (cdc.gov)
  • The last two chapters on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds, though not exactly the part of the curriculum of chemistry of natural products, but are essential to understand the chemistry of natural products. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Polycyclic aromatic compound Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon William Reusch. (wikipedia.org)
  • A modern depiction of a molecule of benzene, the prototypical aromatic compound. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Results The levels of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), flavours, solvent carriers and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions vary considerably. (bmj.com)
  • Compound groups are useful because in some cases, lists will instead identify a group of structurally similar compounds (such as lead compounds) as all having the same hazard. (pharosproject.net)
  • s) and other structurally similar compounds. (gov.scot)
  • Natural products have been an important source of drugs and novel lead compounds in drug discovery. (uwc.ac.za)
  • Special care has been taken to elaborate IUPAC nomenclature of certain chemical classes like steroids, eicosanoids, polycyclic aromatic compounds and heterocyclic compounds. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • They come in sizes of three atoms and upward, and in combinations of linkages that include tethering (such as in biaryls), fusing (edge-to-edge, such as in anthracene and steroids), links via a single atom (such as in spiro compounds), bridged compounds, and longifolene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Life also prefers working with particular types of polycyclic carbon compounds such as "sterols" (these include cholesterol and steroids) and "hopanoids" that stabilize cell membranes. (bakersfieldcollege.edu)
  • But terpenes and benzenoid substances do have a chemical characteristic in common, namely higher unsaturation indexes than many aliphatic compounds , and Hofmann may not have been making a distinction between the two categories. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Many of the earliest-known examples of aromatic compounds, such as benzene and toluene , have distinctive pleasant smells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Neither structure is an adequate representation of the actual compound, and the double-headed arrow indicates that the molecule is best represented by a hybrid (average) of these two structures. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • An example of a polycyclic compound based on a nitrogen cage is hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polycyclic nitrogen compounds. (edu.ng)
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of harmful compounds that are resistant to natural biological. (researchgate.net)
  • Organic chemists have developed a rich set of reactions for the construction of chemical compounds. (uni-erlangen.de)
  • The first known use of the word "aromatic" as a chemical term-namely, to apply to compounds that contain the phenyl radical-occurs in an article by August Wilhelm Hofmann in 1855. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Besides it provides a valuable snapshot of the chemical structure-activity relationship of compounds, highlighting the presence or absence of some specific atoms and chemical units in the structure of compounds can greatly influence their biological activities. (frontiersin.org)
  • Compound groups are groups of chemicals that share structural or chemical features. (pharosproject.net)
  • In the field of organic chemistry, a polycyclic compound is an organic compound featuring several closed rings of atoms, primarily carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon . (wikipedia.org)
  • This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C(=O)(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)O'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system . (pharosproject.net)
  • For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system . (pharosproject.net)
  • and other organometallic compounds that contain heavy metals. (cdc.gov)
  • It was also shown, that planar polycyclic ring system is essential structure peculiarity for such substances high activity. (doaj.org)
  • This review is a holistic picture on actinobacter-derived cytotoxic compounds against CRC that provides a good perspective for drug development and design in near future. (frontiersin.org)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review on natural actinobacterial compounds affecting different types of CRC. (frontiersin.org)
  • Citation: Oil sands development contributes polycyclic aromatic compounds to the Athabasca River and its tributaries. (mongabay.com)
  • The purpose of this work was design planar polycyclic compounds as inhibitors of kinases, involved in the pro-inflammatory cascade. (doaj.org)
  • This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. (pharosproject.net)
  • These compounds can be used as potential hits for the further anti-inflammatory drug design. (doaj.org)
  • Bioisosteric modification of this compound leads to indeno[1,2,3-de]phthalazin-3(2H)-one (3), which also contains =N-NH- fragment in its structure. (doaj.org)