Phosphatidylinositols. Medical search

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Intracellular signalling: PDK1--a kinase at the hub of things. (1/3636)

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is at the hub of many signalling pathways, activating PKB and PKC isoenzymes, as well as p70 S6 kinase and perhaps PKA. PDK1 action is determined by colocalization with substrate and by target site availability, features that may enable it to operate in both resting and stimulated cells. (+info)

Arrestin function in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis requires phosphoinositide binding. (2/3636)

Internalization of agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors is mediated by non-visual arrestins, which also bind to clathrin and are therefore thought to act as adaptors in the endocytosis process. Phosphoinositides have been implicated in the regulation of intracellular receptor trafficking, and are known to bind to other coat components including AP-2, AP180 and COPI coatomer. Given these observations, we explored the possibility that phosphoinositides play a role in arrestin's function as an adaptor. High-affinity binding sites for phosphoinositides in beta-arrestin (arrestin2) and arrestin3 (beta-arrestin2) were identified, and dissimilar effects of phosphoinositide and inositol phosphate on arrestin interactions with clathrin and receptor were characterized. Alteration of three basic residues in arrestin3 abolished phosphoinositide binding with complete retention of clathrin and receptor binding. Unlike native protein, upon agonist activation, this mutant arrestin3 expressed in COS1 cells neither supported beta2-adrenergic receptor internalization nor did it concentrate in coated pits, although it was recruited to the plasma membrane. These findings indicate that phosphoinositide binding plays a critical regulatory role in delivery of the receptor-arrestin complex to coated pits, perhaps by providing, with activated receptor, a multi-point attachment of arrestin to the plasma membrane. (+info)

Role of Listeria monocytogenes exotoxins listeriolysin and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in activation of human neutrophils. (3/3636)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are essential for resolution of infections with Listeria monocytogenes. The present study investigated the role of the listerial exotoxins listeriolysin (LLO) and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PlcA) in human neutrophil activation. Different Listeria strains, mutated in individual virulence genes, as well as purified LLO were used. Coincubation of human neutrophils with wild-type L. monocytogenes provoked PMN activation, occurring independently of phagocytosis events, with concomitant elastase secretion, leukotriene generation, platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis, respiratory burst, and enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Degranulation and leukotriene formation were noted to be solely dependent on LLO expression, as these features were absent when the LLO-defective mutant EGD- and the avirulent strain L. innocua were used. These effects were fully reproduced by a recombinant L. innocua strain expressing LLO (INN+) and by the purified LLO molecule. LLO secretion was also required for PAF synthesis. However, wild-type L. monocytogenes was more potent in eliciting PAF formation than mutants expressing LLO, suggesting the involvement of additional virulence factors. This was even more obvious for phosphoinositide hydrolysis and respiratory burst: these events were provoked not only by INN+ but also by the LLO-defective mutant EGD- and by a recombinant L. innocua strain producing listerial PlcA. We conclude that human neutrophils react to extracellularly provided listerial exotoxins by rapid cell activation. Listeriolysin is centrally involved in triggering degranulation and lipid mediator generation, and further virulence factors such as PlcA apparently contribute to trigger neutrophil phosphoinositide hydrolysis and respiratory burst. In this way, listerial exotoxins may influence the host defense against infections with L. monocytogenes. (+info)

Carbamazepine-induced upregulation of adenosine A1-receptors in astrocyte cultures affects coupling to the phosphoinositol signaling pathway. (4/3636)

The anticonvulsant and antibipolar drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is known to act as a specific antagonist at adenosine A1-receptors. After a 3-week application of CBZ, A1-receptors are upregulated in the rat brain. We have investigated the consequences of this upregulation for the A1-receptor-mediated signal transduction in primary astrocyte cultures from different regions of the rat brain. CBZ treatment for 10 days had no effect on adenosine A1-receptor mRNA expression in cultures with high basal A1-receptor mRNA levels, but increased A1-receptor mRNA in cultures exhibiting low basal A1-receptor mRNA levels. This upregulation of A1-receptor mRNA was accompanied by an upregulation or induction of A1-receptor-mediated potentiation of PLC activity, a property that was not found in these cultures before CBZ treatment. Thus, CBZ treatment for 10 days induces a new quality of adenosine A1-receptor-mediated signal transduction in cells that express low basal A1-receptor numbers. (+info)

Autophosphorylation of p110delta phosphoinositide 3-kinase: a new paradigm for the regulation of lipid kinases in vitro and in vivo. (5/3636)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases which also possess an in vitro protein kinase activity towards themselves or their adaptor proteins. The physiological relevance of these phosphorylations is unclear at present. Here, the protein kinase activity of the tyrosine kinase-linked PI3K, p110delta, is characterized and its functional impact assessed. In vitro autophosphorylation of p110delta completely down-regulates its lipid kinase activity. The single site of autophosphorylation was mapped to Ser1039 at the C-terminus of p110delta. Antisera specific for phospho-Ser1039 revealed a very low level of phosphorylation of this residue in cell lines. However, p110delta that is recruited to activated receptors (such as CD28 in T cells) shows a time-dependent increase in Ser1039 phosphorylation and a concomitant decrease in associated lipid kinase activity. Treatment of cells with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatases, also dramatically increases the level of Ser1039-phosphorylated p110delta. LY294002 and wortmannin blocked these in vivo increases in Ser1039 phosphorylation, consistent with the notion that PI3Ks, and possibly p110delta itself, are involved in the in vivo phosphorylation of p110delta. In summary, we show that PI3Ks are subject to regulatory phosphorylations in vivo similar to those identified under in vitro conditions, identifying a new level of control of these signalling molecules. (+info)

GCS1, an Arf guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for normal actin cytoskeletal organization in vivo and stimulates actin polymerization in vitro. (6/3636)

Recent cloning of a rat brain phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate binding protein, centaurin alpha, identified a novel gene family based on homology to an amino-terminal zinc-binding domain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protein with the highest homology to centaurin alpha is Gcs1p, the product of the GCS1 gene. GCS1 was originally identified as a gene conditionally required for the reentry of cells into the cell cycle after stationary phase growth. Gcs1p was previously characterized as a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein for the small guanosine triphosphatase Arf1, and gcs1 mutants displayed vesicle-trafficking defects. Here, we have shown that similar to centaurin alpha, recombinant Gcs1p bound phosphoinositide-based affinity resins with high affinity and specificity. A novel GCS1 disruption strain (gcs1Delta) exhibited morphological defects, as well as mislocalization of cortical actin patches. gcs1Delta was hypersensitive to the actin monomer-sequestering drug, latrunculin-B. Synthetic lethality was observed between null alleles of GCS1 and SLA2, the gene encoding a protein involved in stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, synthetic growth defects were observed between null alleles of GCS1 and SAC6, the gene encoding the yeast fimbrin homologue. Recombinant Gcs1p bound to actin filaments, stimulated actin polymerization, and inhibited actin depolymerization in vitro. These data provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that Gcs1p interacts directly with the actin cytoskeleton in S. cerevisiae. (+info)

Surfactant protein A enhances the binding and deacylation of E. coli LPS by alveolar macrophages. (7/3636)

Surfactant protein (SP) A and SP-D are involved in multiple immunomodulatory functions of innate host defense partly via their interaction with alveolar macrophages (AMs). In addition, both SP-A and SP-D bind to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the functional significance of this interaction, we first tested the ability of SP-A and SP-D to enhance the binding of tritium-labeled Escherichia coli LPS to AMs. In contrast to SP-D, SP-A enhanced the binding of LPS by AMs in a time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent manner. Coincubation with surfactant-like lipids did not affect the SP-A-mediated enhancement of LPS binding. At SP-A-to-LPS molar ratios of 1:2-1:3, the LPS binding by AMs reached 270% of control values. Second, we investigated the role of SP-A in regulating the degradation of LPS by AMs. In the presence of SP-A, deacylation of LPS by AMs increased by approximately 2.3-fold. Pretreatment of AMs with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C had no effect on the SP-A-enhanced LPS binding but did reduce the amount of serum-enhanced LPS binding by 50%, suggesting that a cell surface molecule distinct from CD14 mediates the effect of SP-A. Together the results for the first time provide direct evidence that SP-A enhances LPS binding and degradation by AMs. (+info)

Modulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover on central nicotinic receptors. (8/3636)

AIM: To study the modulatory effects of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover on nicotinic receptors in CNS, and to study the relationship between brain nicotinic receptors and PI turnover. METHODS: Effects of inositol phosphatase inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) and muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine (Oxo) on nicotine-induced convulsions were investigated in mice. RESULTS: The effects of nicotine for producing convulsions were modified by LiCl 2.5-10 mmol.kg-1, revealing the convulsive effects of nicotine > 0.8 mg.kg-1 were increased by acute pretreatment with LiCl rather than oxotremorine. Mice were given LiCl 5.0 mmol.kg-1 once a day for 7 d, the ED50 value of nicotine for producing convulsions was increased from 0.58 to 0.97 mg.kg-1, suggesting that the sensitivity of central nicotinic receptors for mediating convulsions was decreased by chronic treatment with LiCl. CONCLUSION: The functions of central nicotinic receptors were modulated by PI turnover. (+info)

Phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are a type of phospholipid that are abundant in the cell membrane. They contain a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a head group consisting of myo-inositol, a cyclic sugar molecule, linked to a phosphate group.

Phosphatidylinositols can be phosphorylated at one or more of the hydroxyl groups on the inositol ring, forming various phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs) with different functions. These signaling molecules play crucial roles in regulating cellular processes such as membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a prominent phosphoinositide involved in the regulation of ion channels, enzymes, and cytoskeletal proteins. Upon activation of certain receptors, PIP2 can be cleaved by the enzyme phospholipase C into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), which act as second messengers to trigger downstream signaling events.

P Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, also known as PtdIns5P or PI(5)P Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates: Phosphatidylinositol 3 ... The phosphatidylinositol can be phosphorylated to form phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PI-4-P, referred to as PIP in close ... The synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in the laboratory is catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol synthase and involves CDP- ... Membrane lipids Phosphatidyl-inositol Inositol Glycerol Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phosphatidylinositol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol

The enzyme phosphatidylinositol deacylase (EC 3.1.1.52) catalyzes the reaction 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol + H2O ⇌ {\ ... Other names in common use include phosphatidylinositol phospholipase A2, and phospholipase A2. Gray NC, Strickland KP (1982). " ... of bovine brain acting on phosphatidylinositol". Can. J. Biochem. 60 (2): 108-17. doi:10.1139/o82-015. PMID 7083039. Gray NC, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_deacylase

... may refer to: Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, also known as PI(3)P Phosphatidylinositol 4- ... phosphate, also known as PI(4)P Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, also known as PI(5)P This disambiguation page lists articles ... associated with the title Phosphatidylinositol phosphate. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_phosphate

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.198) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... Other names in common use include UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:phosphatidylinositol, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase, uridine ... the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphatidylinositol, whereas its two products are UDP and N- ... "Biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. Origin of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

... phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, 1-phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase, 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol ... The enzyme phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase (EC 4.6.1.13) catalyzes the following reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo- ... Michell RH, Allan D (1975). "Inositol cyclis phosphate as a product of phosphatidylinositol breakdown by phospholipase C ( ... Low MG, Finean JB (1977). "Release of alkaline phosphatase from membranes by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_diacylglycerol-lyase

The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.64) catalyzes the reaction 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate ... Lips DL, Majerus PW (1989). "The discovery of a 3-phosphomonoesterase that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in NIH ... This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. As of late 2007, two ... "Isolation and characterization of two 3-phosphatases that hydrolyze both phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... guanosine diphosphomannose-phosphatidyl-inositol, alpha-mannosyltransferase, and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol alpha- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_a-mannosyltransferase

... , alpha (PITPNA) Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, beta (PITPNB) Phosphatidylinositol ... Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) or priming in exocytosis protein 3 (PEP3) is a ubiquitous cytosolic domain ... Hay JC, Martin TF (December 1993). "Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein required for ATP-dependent priming of Ca(2+)- ... Hsuan J, Cockcroft S (2001). "The PITP family of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins". Genome Biol. 2 (9): REVIEWS3011. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_transfer_protein

... (PtdIns3P) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes that helps to recruit a range of proteins ... Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein 2 Gillooly DJ, Simonsen A, Stenmark H (April 2001). "Cellular functions of ... It is the product of both the class II and III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) activity on phosphatidylinositol. ... Stenmark H, Aasland R, Driscoll PC (February 2002). "The phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding FYVE finger". FEBS Letters. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3-phosphate

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate Godi A et al., ... Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P, PI-4-P, PI4P, or PIP) is a precursor of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. ... "Lipid Membrane Curvature Induced by Distearoyl Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate". Soft Matter. 8 (11): 3090-3093. doi:10.1039/ ... "Pressure-dependent inverse bicontinuous cubic phase formation in a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate/phosphatidylcholine system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4-phosphate

Type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases synthesize the novel lipids phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and ... Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate). Notably, steady-state PtdIns5P ... Type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase regulates stress-induced apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 ... Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate is one of the 7 known cellular phosphoinositides with less understood functions. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_5-phosphate

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5- ... Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPK) are kinases that phosphorylate the phosphoinositides PtdInsP and PtdInsP2 that ... The activation loop of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases determines signaling specificity. Mol Cell 2000 5:1-11 v t e ( ... Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases, a multifaceted family of signalling enzymes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:9907-9910 Kunz J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_phosphate_kinases

Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important ... A phosphatidylinositol lipids system, lamellipodin, and Ena/VASP regulate dynamic morphology of multipolar migrating cells in ... Spatiotemporal control of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate. Nature. (2013) 499:233-7. 10.1038/nature12360 ... Spatiotemporal control of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate. Nature. (2013) 499:233-7. 10.1038/nature12360 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,4-bisphosphate

... or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid ... PIP2 is formed primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases from PI(4)P. In metazoans, PIP2 can also be ... 2005). "Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Iγ regulates dynamics of large dense-core vesicle fusion". PNAS. 102 (14): ... 2005). "Plasmalemmal phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate level regulates the releasable vesicle pool size in chromaffin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PITPNA gene. ... Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins are a diverse set of cytosolic phospholipid transfer proteins that are distinguished by ... "Entrez Gene: PITPNA phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, alpha". Wirtz KW (1991). "Phospholipid transfer proteins". Annu. Rev ... Hay JC, Martin TF (Jan 1994). "Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein required for ATP-dependent priming of Ca(2+)-activated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_transfer_protein,_alpha

... defines a novel PI 3-kinase pathway in resting mouse fibroblasts. Biochem J. 1997 May 1; ... Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is one of the seven phosphoinositides found in eukaryotic cell membranes ... PMID 20035756 phosphatidylinositol+3,5-bisphosphate at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ( ... The mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) regulates endosome-to-TGN retrograde transport. J Cell Sci. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,5-bisphosphate

... phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol kinase, type II phosphatidylinositol kinase, PI kinase, and PI 4-kinase. ... In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (EC 2.7.1.67) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + 1- ... Kai M, White GL, Hawthorne JN (1966). "The phosphatidylinositol kinase of rat brain". Biochem. J. 101 (2): 328-37. doi:10.1042/ ... Whitman M, Downes CP, Keeler M, Keller T, Cantley L (1988). "Type I phosphatidylinositol kinase makes a novel inositol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol_4-kinase

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PITPNC1 gene. This gene ... "Entrez Gene: Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1". Retrieved 2017-12-27. Garner K, Li M, Ugwuanya N, Cockcroft ... Garner K, Hunt AN, Koster G, Somerharju P, Groves E, Li M, Raghu P, Holic R, Cockcroft S (2012). "Phosphatidylinositol transfer ... S (2011). "The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein RdgBβ binds 14-3-3 via its unstructured C-terminus, whereas its lipid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_transfer_protein,_cytoplasmic_1

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.154) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP ... This enzyme participates in phosphatidylinositol signaling system. As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate_3-kinase

... (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), abbreviated PIP3, is the product of the class I phosphoinositide ... Whitman M, Downes CP, Keeler M, Keller T, Cantley L (April 1988). "Type I phosphatidylinositol kinase makes a novel inositol ... phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PIP3) occurs naturally in human neutrophils with levels that increased rapidly ... position of the inositol ring resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). Working independently, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_(3,4,5)-trisphosphate

... s (PIP5Ks, or PI4P5Ks) are a class of enzymes that phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol ... Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha (PIP4K2A) Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 beta (PIP4K2B ... September 2010). "Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis in the brain ... Type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI) are further classified as PIP5Kα, PIP5Kβ and PIP5Kγ on the basis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate_5-kinase

... s (PIKKs) are a family of Ser/Thr-protein kinases with sequence similarity to ... phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3Ks). The human PIKK family includes six members: PIKKs proteins contain the following four ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3-kinase-related_kinase

... (EC 3.1.3.78, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase I, ... Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate+4-phosphatase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Zou J, Marjanovic J, Kisseleva MV, Wilson M, Majerus PW (October 2007). "Type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4- ... phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase II, type I PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase, type II PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase, IpgD, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate_4-phosphatase

The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66) that catalyzes the reaction 1-phosphatidyl-myo- ... This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Howell S, Barnaby RJ, Rowe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate_4-phosphatase

In enzymology, 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.1.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP ... Other names in common use include diphosphoinositide kinase, PIP kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase, ... This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and ... "A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate". Nature. 390 (6656): 192-6. Bibcode:1997Natur.390..192R. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate_5-kinase

In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.1.150) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Other names in common use include type III PIP kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase. This enzyme participates ... "The stress-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase Fab1p is essential for vacuole function in S. cerevisiae". ... in phosphatidylinositol signaling system and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Cooke FT, Dove SK, McEwen RK, Painter G, Holmes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate_5-kinase

In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.153) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... Human genes encoding proteins with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity include: PIK3CA PIK3CB PIK3CD PIK3CG ... phosphatidylinositol signaling system, mtor signaling pathway, apoptosis, VEGF signaling pathway, focal adhesion, toll-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate_3-kinase

In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase (EC 2.7.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Rameh LE, Tolias KF, Duckworth BC, Cantley LC (1997). "A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate". ... This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate_4-kinase

The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.67) catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-phosphatidyl- ... Kabuyama Y, Nakatsu N, Homma Y, Fukui Y (1996). "Purification and characterization of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5- ... Other names in common use include PTEN,[citation needed] MMAC1, and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase ... phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (22): 13375-8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.22.13375. PMID 9593664. Portal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate_3-phosphatase

... (EC 3.1.3.86, SHIP, p150Ship) is an enzyme with systematic name 1- ... Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate+5-phosphatase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH ... "The 145-kDa protein induced to associate with Shc by multiple cytokines is an inositol tetraphosphate and phosphatidylinositol ... 5-tetrakisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate_5-phosphatase

The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (hmdb.ca)
The yeast and plant C-terminal signals were found to be capable of directing the addition of a GPI-anchor to the endoglucanase protein (EGE') as shown by the sensitivity of the lipid component of GPI to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) digestion. (edu.au)
5'-monophosphate deaminase from Streptomyces murinus, D-allulose 3-epimerase from Arthrobacter globiformis expressed in Escherichia coli , carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid, jagua (genipin-glycine) blue (Jagua blue), lipase from Mucor javanicus and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens ). (who.int)

The phosphatidylinositol can be phosphorylated to form phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PI-4-P, referred to as PIP in close context or informally), phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3). (wikipedia.org)
We have proposed that an increase in the rate of phosphorylation of PI to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) and to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) could enhance responses to hormones by providing additional substrate for production of the second messengers. (grantome.com)
Synaptotagmin-1 interacts with the SNARE protein syntaxin-1A and acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). (ox.ac.uk)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase type 2α (PI3KC2α) is an essential member of the structurally unresolved class II PI3K family with crucial functions in lipid signaling, endocytosis, angiogenesis, viral replication, platelet formation and a role in mitosis. (nature.com)
Complexes of Vps34, the sole class III PI3K member, produce PI 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) in the endolysosomal system and during autophagy to regulate vesicle-mediated sorting en route to lysosomes 1 . (nature.com)
Previous studies have suggested that local production of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) by class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (i.e. (columbia.edu)
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates many cellular activities, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and glucose metabolism. (haematologica.org)
Treatment of JEG-3 cells with GRα siRNA , LY294002, XO/HX or rapamycin inhibited phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2. (bvsalud.org)
We investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha (PIP5Kα), a key upstream factor of PI3K/AKT, and the therapeutic effect of PIP5Kα inhibitor on subtypes of BC. (lu.se)

Orthologous to human PIK3C2A (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha). (nih.gov)
PNH is caused by somatic mutations in PIGA (which encodes phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A) in one or more HSC clones. (medscape.com)

Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)

Phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol (PI) are called phosphoinositides and play important roles in lipid signaling, cell signaling and membrane trafficking. (wikipedia.org)
These results were further confirmed using brain microvascular endothelial cells expressing dominant negative forms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)

In this study we have examined the changes in lens protein tyrosine phosphorylation and its impact on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) signaling during selenite cataract development. (nih.gov)
G-kinase, but not A-kinase, stimulated the phosphorylation of PI to phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) in a preparation of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase obtained by calmodulin affinity chromatography from smooth muscle, but not in a similar preparation from erythrocytes. (portlandpress.com)
Insulin is known to regulate pancreatic β-cell function through the activation of cell surface insulin receptors, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and -2, and activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. (diabetesjournals.org)

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes whose specificity is limited to 1-phosphatidylinositol. (rush.edu)
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes with a specificity for 1-phosphatidylinositol, 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, and 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (childrensmercy.org)
This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase Catalytic Alpha (PI4Ka). (biomatik.com)

and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process. (nih.gov)

Phosphatidylinositol (or Inositol Phospholipid, abbreviation PtdIns) consists of a family of lipids made of a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and one inositol molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylinositol is classified as a glycerophospholipid that contains a glycerol backbone, two non-polar fatty acid tails, a phosphate group substituted with an inositol polar head group. (wikipedia.org)
Figure 4: Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K1A) is required for proto-lysosome budding during ALR. (nature.com)
Oomycetes possess a family of novel proteins called GPCR-PIPKs (GKs) that are composed of a seven-transmembrane spanning (7-TM) domain fused to a phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) domain. (wur.nl)
One of these is activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), which results in the generation of a membrane-restricted second messenger, polyphosphatidylinositides containing a 3'-phosphate. (northwestern.edu)

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) is an intracellular signal mediator and plays a key role in many cellular functions. (nih.gov)
Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity. (nih.gov)
Predicted to be part of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex. (nih.gov)
PF cells were found to express regulatory (p85) and catalytic (p110α and p110β) subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3′-kinase). (jneurosci.org)
This multicenter, open-label phase 2 study evaluated buparlisib (BKM120), a pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
The stimulation of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity by G-kinase was only observed in the presence of phosphatidylinositol (PI). (portlandpress.com)
Next, we observed that Acanthamoeba specifically activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
This is the first demonstration that Acanthamoeba -mediated brain microvascular endothelial cell death is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
Western blotting assay was implemented to check the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Results revealed that piperine induced dose reliant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (ijpsonline.com)
Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase Catalytic Alpha (PI4Ka) were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. (biomatik.com)
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase Catalytic Alpha (PI4Ka) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. (biomatik.com)
No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Phosphatidylinositol-4-Kinase Catalytic Alpha (PI4Ka) and analogues was observed. (biomatik.com)
Dexamethasone may inhibit placental growth by blocking glucocorticoid receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human placental JEG-3 cells. (bvsalud.org)

The synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in the laboratory is catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol synthase and involves CDP-diacylglycerol and L-myo-inositol. (wikipedia.org)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signaling molecules that phosphorylate the 3′ OH position of the inositol ring of phosphoinositides (PIs), generating the second messengers PI(3)P, PI(3,4)P 2 , and PI(3,4,5)P 3 ( 4 , 17 ). (asm.org)
Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases" by people in this website by year, and whether "Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)

No molecular difference from phosphatidylinositols comprising the myo-conformers of inositol is known. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate clusters act as molecular beacons for vesicle recruitment. (ox.ac.uk)

The long term goal of the proposed research is to purify the enzymes which phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (PI) and characterize their structure, mechanism of action and regulation. (grantome.com)

All lipids based on phosphatidylinositol are known as inositides, or sometimes phosphoinositides. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane lipids Phosphatidyl-inositol Inositol Glycerol Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phosphatidylinositol. (wikipedia.org)
The HF diet group had significantly increased abundance of triglycerides and phosphatidylinositol lipids, as well as decreased lysophosphatidic lipids and cardiolipin. (cdc.gov)

Here we report that clathrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ) regulate ALR. (nature.com)

Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in higher plants. (edu.au)

In contrast, swapping carboxy-terminal phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) binding domains, or the entire C terminus, was without effect on the forskolin response, but the latter conferred responsiveness to arginine-vasopressin (an inhibitory PKC-dependent response). (aspetjournals.org)

The form of phosphatidylinositol comprising the isomer muco-inositol acts as a sensory receptor in the taste function of the sensory system. (wikipedia.org)

Typically phosphatidylinositols form a minor component on the cytosolic side of eukaryotic cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P 2 ) is an important regulator in membrane trafficking and signal transductions. (tcu.edu)

The presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol are associated with fetal lung maturity as they help maintain alveolar stability. (medicalalgorithms.com)

The synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in the laboratory is catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol synthase and involves CDP-diacylglycerol and L-myo-inositol. (wikipedia.org)

The identification and characterization of two phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatases. (nih.gov)
3. Treatment of DNA polymerase alpha A1 with the phospholipase C hydrolysis product of phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate, inositol-1,4-bisphosphate, was sufficient to effect the transient increase in activity of polymerase A1 to a form not chromatographically distinguishable from isozyme form A2. (nih.gov)
Specifically, the OCRL enzyme regulates the levels of a membrane phospholipid called phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (nih.gov)
By controlling the level of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, the OCRL enzyme helps regulate the transport of certain substances to and from the cell membrane and chemical signaling between cells. (nih.gov)

Synthesis of PI3P in a cell-free system was stimulated by the synthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol, a lipid substrate for phosphatidylinositol (PI) biosynthesis, suggesting that efficient cell-free PI3P synthesis is dependent on de novo PI synthesis. (umass.edu)

This ELISA test kit for detection of Murine Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y,PIGY should be stored refrigerated at temperatures between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. (phosphatidylinositol.com)
The ELISA test kit for detection of Murine Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y,PIGY is transported on ice packs or blue ice at temperatures around +4 degrees Celsius. (phosphatidylinositol.com)

Phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol (PI) are called phosphoinositides and play important roles in lipid signaling, cell signaling and membrane trafficking. (wikipedia.org)

Towards understanding non-canonical phosphatidylinositol kinases in the maintenance of prostate metabolism. (europa.eu)
Because there is a direct relationship between phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolism and airway smooth muscle contraction induced by muscarinic agonists, the authors examined the effects of carbachol (CCh), norepinephrine (NE), and hypocapnia on PI turnover in the airway smooth muscle. (silverchair.com)
2 ] reported that phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolism plays a role in the pharmacomechanical coupling of muscarinic receptor-mediated airway smooth muscle contraction. (silverchair.com)

However, in fetal hepatocytes insulin failed to reduce the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol content when labeled either with [1- 14 C]isethionyl acetimidate or [ 3 H]glucosamine, whereas insulin-like growth factor I produced a significant hydrolysis of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol. (diabetesjournals.org)

Phosphatidylinositols" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)

Phosphatidylinositol turnover: inositol monophosphate. (silverchair.com)

12. SH2-containing inositol 5-phosphatases 1 and 2 in blood platelets: their interactions and roles in the control of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate levels. (nih.gov)

The form of phosphatidylinositol comprising the isomer muco-inositol acts as a sensory receptor in the taste function of the sensory system. (wikipedia.org)

16. The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP2 displays phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity. (nih.gov)

Typically phosphatidylinositols form a minor component on the cytosolic side of eukaryotic cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)

In isolated hepatocytes from adult animals, an inverse correlation between extracellular insulin and the number of insulin receptors and the cellular content of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol was observed. (diabetesjournals.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Phosphatidylinositols" by people in this website by year, and whether "Phosphatidylinositols" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)