Perimenopause. Medical search

The transitional period before and after MENOPAUSE. Perimenopausal symptoms are associated with irregular MENSTRUAL CYCLE and widely fluctuated hormone levels. They may appear 6 years before menopause and subside 2 to 5 years after menopause.

Physiologic period, characterized by endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes with the termination of ovarian function in the female. It may also accompany the normal diminution of sexual activity in the male.

The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.

Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds in the ring. The cyclohexadienes are not aromatic, in contrast to BENZOQUINONES which are sometimes called 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diones.

Vinyl compounds, in the context of medical materials, refer to synthetic polymers made from vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate monomers, which are used in the production of various medical devices and supplies such as blood bags, intravenous (IV) bags, tubing, and gloves due to their flexibility, transparency, and resistance to chemicals and heat.

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.

An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage.

The period before MENOPAUSE. In premenopausal women, the climacteric transition from full sexual maturity to cessation of ovarian cycle takes place between the age of late thirty and early fifty.

The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Differential association of modifiable health behaviors with hot flashes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (1/149)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of modifiable factors, such as smoking, body mass index, and alcohol use, with hot flashes, and to ascertain whether the association with hot flashes varies by menopausal stage. DESIGN: A written survey completed by perimenopausal and postmenopausal women enrolling in a randomized, controlled trial of a menopause risk management program in 1999. Survey items included questions on demographics, health status, and health behaviors. SETTING: A Massachusetts-based health maintenance organization. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Female members, age 40 to 65, excluding women with chronic conditions precluding study participation, were randomly selected from an automated medical record system. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The majority of the 287 postmenopausal and 468 perimenopausal women participating in the study were white, college educated, and nonsmoking. Approximately 30% of both groups reported experiencing hot flashes. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were developed for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women to identify correlates of reporting any versus no hot flashes. After controlling for age, race, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy use, and depression, correlates of hot flashes in perimenopausal women were body mass index >/=25 kg/m(2) (odds ration [OR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 3.12) and alcohol use of 1 to 5 drinks per week (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.86). The only significant correlate of hot flashes in the postmenopausal population was high dietary fat intake (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.81). CONCLUSION: Although study respondents were from similiar sociodemographic groups and received their health care in the same health maintenance organization, modifiable factors associated with hot flashes were different for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (+info)

Longitudinal study of the inception of perimenopause in relation to lifetime history of sexual or physical violence. (2/149)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate of the extent to which violence over the life course accelerates the onset of perimenopause, as measured by menstrual changes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: 603 premenopausal women aged 36-45 years at baseline who completed a cross sectional survey on childhood and adult violence history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to perimenopause, defined as time in months from baseline interview to a woman's report of (1) an absolute change of at least seven days in menstrual cycle length from baseline or subjective report of menstrual irregularity; (2) a change in menstrual flow amount or duration; or (3) cessation of periods for at least three months, whichever came first. MAIN RESULTS: Experience of abuse was associated with delayed onset of menstrual changes indicative of onset of perimenopause. Women reporting childhood or adolescent abuse entered perimenopause about 35% slower than women who reported no abuse (IRR(adj) = 0.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.95) after adjusting for age, age at menarche, ever live birth, ability to maintain living standard, smoking, BMI, and depression. There was a similar association among women who reported first abuse during adulthood (IRR(adj) = 0.72, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.80). These findings persisted when the cohort was restricted to non-depressed women (childhood/adolescent IRR(adj) = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.90; adulthood IRR(adj) = 0.63, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.77). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first longitudinal analysis of the timing of perimenopause to show an association with a history of physical or sexual abuse. Further study of the relation between violence and reproductive aging is needed. (+info)

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conjugated oral equine estrogen: a successful regimen for HRT in perimenopausal women. (3/149)

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the long-term efficacy (5 years) of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in protecting the endometrium from hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy in perimenopausal women. METHODS: Prospective, open, outpatient clinical trial in London and Oxford. Eighty-two women received oral conjugated equine estrogen 1.25 mg daily and LNG-IUS releasing 20 mug levonorgestrel per 24 h. Endometrial biopsy and histological assessment were performed annually. Endometrial thickness was measured by vaginal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Non-proliferative endometrium was present at the end of cycles 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 in 98.6, 98.6, 95.5, 96.8 and 95.2% of the participants respectively. No endometrial hyperplasias were confirmed throughout a period of 60 cycles. The proportion of amenorrhoeic women increased from 54.4% at 12 cycles to 92.7% at the end of the study. The continuation rate per 100 women at 60 cycles was 79.84 (95% CI 71.0-88.6). CONCLUSIONS: The LNG-IUS with estrogen supplementation in perimenopausal women suppresses endometrial proliferation resulting in amenorrhoea and relieves vasomotor symptoms. The treatment regimen is well tolerated and provides an alternative strategy for perimenopausal women with the likelihood of increasing compliance. (+info)

Enlarged squamous cell nuclei in cervical cytologic specimens from perimenopausal women ("PM Cells") : a cause of ASC overdiagnosis. (4/149)

We studied the appropriateness of interpreting squamous cells with enlarged, smooth, bland nuclei in perimenopausal women ("PM cells") as atypical squamous cells (ASCs). Papanicolaou smears (Paps) from 100 women (40-55 years old) with a cytologic interpretation of ASC of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing or a biopsy within 6 months were reviewed by 2 observers without knowledge of the biopsy diagnosis or HPV results. Cases in which both reviewers agreed that the Paps were diagnosed more properly as "negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy" were compared with cases of "true ASCUS," using histologic squamous intraepithelial lesion and/or a positive high-risk HPV test as a positive outcome (abnormal follow-up). Of 100 cases, 28 were reclassified as benign by both observers. In 15 of these, the original ASCUS interpretation was based on cells with bland nuclear enlargement (2-3 times the area of intermediate cell nuclei), smooth nuclear membranes, and fine chromatin. Abnormal follow-up was identified in 1 (7%) of 15 benign cases but in 30 (42%) of 72 true ASCUS cases (P = .023). PM cells are a significant cause of ASC overdiagnosis in women 40 to 55 years old. Cervical Paps with cells no more atypical than these can be interpreted safely as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. (+info)

Atherosclerotic lesion development in a novel ovary-intact mouse model of perimenopause. (5/149)

OBJECTIVE: Since the unexpected results from the Women's Health Initiative, the possible protective role of estrogen in preventing heart disease in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is uncertain. This study examined atherosclerotic lesion development in ovariectomized versus follicle-depleted ovary-intact cholesterol-fed female low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied lesion development in LDL receptor-deficient mice that were ovariectomized or follicle depleted with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) to induce ovarian failure, then treated +/- exogenous 17beta-estradiol via pellet implant. At 120 days after start of cholesterol feeding, the extent of lesion in aorta and innominate artery was determined. Lesion area in both locations was similar in vehicle control, VCD-treated, and ovariectomized mice. Replacement with 17beta-estradiol caused lesion reduction (P<0.05) in both arterial locations, but it was most efficacious in suppressing innominate lesion area in VCD-treated mice (12.9+/-5.2%) compared with ovariectomized mice (40.0+/-6.04%). CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine status associated with the follicle-depleted ovary influences exogenous estradiol effects during the development of atherosclerotic lesions and, in particular, inhibits lesion progression in the innominate artery. (+info)

Ethnic variation in hypertension among premenopausal and perimenopausal women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. (6/149)

Data are sparse regarding hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control among some ethnic groups of American women. Furthermore, the effects of ethnicity on hypertension, independent of other factors that vary with ethnicity, are poorly understood. We examined the prevalence of hypertension (defined as systolic > or =140 or diastolic > or =90 mm Hg or receiving treatment), treatment, and control (to <140/<90 mm Hg) in a multiethnic study of premenopausal and perimenopausal women. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to select covariates associated with hypertension. Among 3292 women, 46.9% were white, 28.3% were black, 8.7% were Hispanic, 7.6% were Chinese, and 8.5% were Japanese. Among these 5 ethnic groups, respectively, there was substantial variation in prevalence of normal blood pressure levels (<120/<80 mm Hg; 59.9%, 35.4%, 16.8%, 67.2%, and 63.7%) and hypertension (14.5%, 38.1%, 27.6%, 12.8%, and 11.0%). After multivariable adjustment, hypertension prevalence was 2 to 3x higher among black and Hispanic women but similar among Chinese and Japanese women compared with white women. Among hypertensive participants, prevalence of antihypertensive treatment was highest among blacks (58.9%) and whites (55.2%) and lowest among Chinese (34.4%). Prevalence of control to goal blood pressure levels was highest among whites (43.0%) and Japanese (38.7%) and markedly lower among Hispanic women (11.4%). Compared with whites, black and Hispanic women have significantly higher prevalence of hypertension independent of other factors, whereas Chinese and Japanese women have similar prevalence. Treatment and control rates vary considerably across ethnicities. Greater efforts must be made to improve hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in all middle-aged women, particularly those in ethnic minority groups. (+info)

Three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler in ovarian cancer screening of asymptomatic peri- and postmenopausal women. (7/149)

AIM: To determine whether introducing three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography with power Doppler facilities as a secondary screening test, preceded by annual transvaginal grayscale ultrasonography (TVUS) (followed by transvaginal color Doppler (TVCD) in selected cases) as a primary screening test for ovarian cancer improves the accuracy of ovarian cancer screening studies. METHODS: Annual TVUS was performed on 3,201 peri- and postmenopausal asymptomatic women aged > or =50 years from March 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. Cystic ovarian lesions in perimenopausal women were routinely reevaluated by TVUS and TVCD at 4-6 week intervals to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention for physiological cysts. Any multiloculated, complex or solid ovarian mass, as well as persistently cystic mass >5 cm in diameter, in which the echo architecture and/or blood flow pattern was not highly suggestive of a benign histology, was categorized malignant. In these cases, TVUS and TVCD findings were obtained in no more than 2 weeks and supplemented by secondary screening, including 3D ultrasonography, and 3D power Doppler, in combination with serum CA 125 determination. After detailed ultrasonographic examination, surgical removal of the tumor and pathohistological classification were completed. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (0.8%) with persisting ultrasonographic abnormalities after primary and secondary screening underwent surgery to remove the ovarian tumor. Five epithelial ovarian cancers were detected: 3 stage IA, 1 stage IB, and 1 stage IC. Three stage I patients had a palpable abnormality on clinical examination. Furthermore, in three patients with stage I disease, CA 125 serum value was elevated (> or =35 U/mL). Three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler, as well as TVUS findings were indicative of malignancy in all 5 patients with stage I ovarian cancer, whereas TVCD finding was false-negative in 2 patients with stage I disease. Screening test (primary+secondary screening) had the sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.4%, positive predictive value of 20%, and negative predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION: Application of 3D ultrasonography and power Doppler imaging in patients with "positive" standard ultrasound tests (annual TVUS, followed by TVCD in selected cases) represents a novel approach for the early and accurate detection of ovarian cancer through screening. (+info)

Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for breast-cancer screening. (8/149)

BACKGROUND: Film mammography has limited sensitivity for the detection of breast cancer in women with radiographically dense breasts. We assessed whether the use of digital mammography would avoid some of these limitations. METHODS: A total of 49,528 asymptomatic women presenting for screening mammography at 33 sites in the United States and Canada underwent both digital and film mammography. All relevant information was available for 42,760 of these women (86.3 percent). Mammograms were interpreted independently by two radiologists. Breast-cancer status was ascertained on the basis of a breast biopsy done within 15 months after study entry or a follow-up mammogram obtained at least 10 months after study entry. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: In the entire population, the diagnostic accuracy of digital and film mammography was similar (difference between methods in the area under the ROC curve, 0.03; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.02 to 0.08; P=0.18). However, the accuracy of digital mammography was significantly higher than that of film mammography among women under the age of 50 years (difference in the area under the curve, 0.15; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.25; P=0.002), women with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts on mammography (difference, 0.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.18; P=0.003), and premenopausal or perimenopausal women (difference, 0.15; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.24; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The overall diagnostic accuracy of digital and film mammography as a means of screening for breast cancer is similar, but digital mammography is more accurate in women under the age of 50 years, women with radiographically dense breasts, and premenopausal or perimenopausal women. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00008346.) (+info)

Perimenopause is a term used to describe the phase before menopause where the ovaries gradually begin to produce less estrogen. It's also sometimes referred to as the "menopausal transition."

This stage can last for several years, typically starting in a woman's mid-40s, but it can begin in some women as early as their mid-30s or as late as their early 50s. During this time, menstrual cycles may become longer or shorter, and periods may be lighter or heavier.

The most significant sign of perimenopause is the irregularity of periods. However, other symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and vaginal dryness can also occur, similar to those experienced during menopause.

Perimenopause ends after a woman has gone 12 months without having a period, which marks the start of menopause.

The climacteric, also known as perimenopause or menopausal transition, is a phase in a woman's reproductive life characterized by various physiological and hormonal changes that occur as she approaches menopause. The term "climacteric" comes from the Greek word "klimakter," which means "ladder" or "rung of a ladder."

During this phase, which typically begins in a woman's mid-to-late 40s and can last for several years, the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries starts to decline. This decline in hormone levels can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:

* Irregular menstrual cycles
* Hot flashes and night sweats
* Sleep disturbances
* Mood changes
* Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual activity
* Decreased libido
* Urinary frequency or urgency
* Memory and cognitive changes

The climacteric is a natural phase of a woman's life, and while some women may experience significant symptoms, others may have few or no symptoms at all. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other treatments are available to help manage the symptoms of the climacteric for those who find them disruptive or bothersome.

Menopause is a natural biological process that typically occurs in women in their mid-40s to mid-50s. It marks the end of menstrual cycles and fertility, defined as the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. This transition period can last several years and is often accompanied by various physical and emotional symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness. The hormonal fluctuations during this time, particularly the decrease in estrogen levels, contribute to these symptoms. It's essential to monitor and manage these symptoms to maintain overall health and well-being during this phase of life.

Cyclohexenes are organic compounds that consist of a six-carbon ring (cyclohexane) with one double bond. The general chemical formula for cyclohexene is C6H10. The double bond can introduce various chemical properties and reactions to the compound, such as electrophilic addition reactions.

Cyclohexenes are used in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Some cyclohexene derivatives also occur naturally, for example, in essential oils and certain plant extracts. However, it is important to note that pure cyclohexene has a mild odor and is considered a hazardous substance, with potential health effects such as skin and eye irritation, respiratory issues, and potential long-term effects upon repeated exposure.

"Vinyl compounds" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term used in chemistry and materials science to refer to a group of chemicals that contain carbon-based molecules with a vinyl group, which is a functional group consisting of a double bond between two carbon atoms, with one of the carbons also being bonded to a hydrogen atom (-CH2=CH-).

Vinyl compounds are used in various industrial and consumer products, including plastics, resins, adhesives, and coatings. Some vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), have been used in medical devices and supplies, such as intravenous (IV) bags, tubing, and blood vessel catheters. However, the use of PVC and other vinyl compounds in medical applications has raised concerns about potential health risks due to the release of toxic chemicals, such as phthalates and dioxins, during manufacturing, use, and disposal. Therefore, alternative materials are being developed and used in medical devices and supplies.

Menstruation is the regular, cyclical shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) in women and female individuals of reproductive age, accompanied by the discharge of blood and other materials from the vagina. It typically occurs every 21 to 35 days and lasts for approximately 2-7 days. This process is a part of the menstrual cycle, which is under the control of hormonal fluctuations involving follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone.

The menstrual cycle can be divided into three main phases:

1. Menstruation phase: The beginning of the cycle is marked by the start of menstrual bleeding, which signals the breakdown and shedding of the endometrium due to the absence of pregnancy and low levels of estrogen and progesterone. This phase typically lasts for 2-7 days.

2. Proliferative phase: After menstruation, under the influence of rising estrogen levels, the endometrium starts to thicken and regenerate. The uterine lining becomes rich in blood vessels and glands, preparing for a potential pregnancy. This phase lasts from day 5 until around day 14 of an average 28-day cycle.

3. Secretory phase: Following ovulation (release of an egg from the ovaries), which usually occurs around day 14, increased levels of progesterone cause further thickening and maturation of the endometrium. The glands in the lining produce nutrients to support a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, both estrogen and progesterone levels will drop, leading to menstruation and the start of a new cycle.

Understanding menstruation is essential for monitoring reproductive health, identifying potential issues such as irregular periods or menstrual disorders, and planning family planning strategies.

The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes that occur in the female reproductive system over an approximate 28-day interval, marking the body's preparation for potential pregnancy. It involves the interplay of hormones that regulate the growth and disintegration of the uterine lining (endometrium) and the release of an egg (ovulation) from the ovaries.

The menstrual cycle can be divided into three main phases:

1. Menstrual phase: The cycle begins with the onset of menstruation, where the thickened uterine lining is shed through the vagina, lasting typically for 3-7 days. This shedding occurs due to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels, which are hormones essential for maintaining the endometrium during the previous cycle.

2. Follicular phase: After menstruation, the follicular phase commences with the pituitary gland releasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH stimulates the growth of several ovarian follicles, each containing an immature egg. One dominant follicle usually becomes selected to mature and release an egg during ovulation. Estrogen levels rise as the dominant follicle grows, causing the endometrium to thicken in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

3. Luteal phase: Following ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone and estrogen to further support the endometrial thickening. If fertilization does not occur within approximately 24 hours after ovulation, the corpus luteum will degenerate, leading to a decline in hormone levels. This drop triggers the onset of menstruation, initiating a new menstrual cycle.

Understanding the menstrual cycle is crucial for monitoring reproductive health and planning or preventing pregnancies. Variations in cycle length and symptoms are common among women, but persistent irregularities may indicate underlying medical conditions requiring further evaluation by a healthcare professional.

Reproductive history is a term used in medicine to describe the past experiences related to reproduction for an individual. This can include information about pregnancies, including the number of pregnancies, outcomes (such as live births, miscarriages, or stillbirths), and any complications that arose during pregnancy or childbirth. It may also include details about contraceptive use, menstrual history, sexually transmitted infections, and any reproductive health issues or surgeries.

This information is often collected by healthcare providers to help assess fertility, plan for future pregnancies, identify potential risks, and provide appropriate care and management of reproductive health conditions. It's also used in research and public health to understand trends and disparities in reproductive outcomes.

Premenopause is not a formal medical term, but it's often informally used to refer to the time period in a woman's life leading up to menopause. During this stage, which can last for several years, hormonal changes begin to occur in preparation for menopause. The ovaries start to produce less estrogen and progesterone, which can lead to various symptoms such as irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. However, it's important to note that not all women will experience these symptoms.

The official medical term for the stage when a woman's period becomes irregular and less frequent, but hasn't stopped completely, is perimenopause. This stage typically lasts from two to eight years and ends with menopause, which is defined as the point when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months. After menopause, women enter postmenopause.

Postmenopause is a stage in a woman's life that follows 12 months after her last menstrual period (menopause) has occurred. During this stage, the ovaries no longer release eggs and produce lower levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones. The reduced levels of these hormones can lead to various physical changes and symptoms, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. Postmenopause is also associated with an increased risk of certain health conditions, including osteoporosis and heart disease. It's important for women in postmenopause to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and routine medical check-ups to monitor their overall health and manage any potential risks.

Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.

In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.

Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.

"Age factors" refer to the effects, changes, or differences that age can have on various aspects of health, disease, and medical care. These factors can encompass a wide range of issues, including:

1. Physiological changes: As people age, their bodies undergo numerous physical changes that can affect how they respond to medications, illnesses, and medical procedures. For example, older adults may be more sensitive to certain drugs or have weaker immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.
2. Chronic conditions: Age is a significant risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. As a result, age-related medical issues are common and can impact treatment decisions and outcomes.
3. Cognitive decline: Aging can also lead to cognitive changes, including memory loss and decreased decision-making abilities. These changes can affect a person's ability to understand and comply with medical instructions, leading to potential complications in their care.
4. Functional limitations: Older adults may experience physical limitations that impact their mobility, strength, and balance, increasing the risk of falls and other injuries. These limitations can also make it more challenging for them to perform daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, or cooking.
5. Social determinants: Age-related factors, such as social isolation, poverty, and lack of access to transportation, can impact a person's ability to obtain necessary medical care and affect their overall health outcomes.

Understanding age factors is critical for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care that addresses the unique needs and challenges of older adults. By taking these factors into account, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans that consider a person's age, physical condition, cognitive abilities, and social circumstances.

"What Is Perimenopause?". WebMD. Retrieved 6 October 2018. "Perimenopause - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 6 ... Perimenopause is a natural stage of life. It is not a disease or a disorder. Therefore, it does not automatically require any ... The term "perimenopause", which literally means "around the menopause", refers to the menopause transition years before the ... Perimenopause is also associated with a higher likelihood of depression (affecting from 45 percent to 68 percent of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause

2003-2007 Receiving Editor Endocrinology; NIH workshops (Perimenopause; drug abuse; Alzheimer's Disease) and working group ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Fenner_Dallman

In 1990, Stewart adopted the same non-drug method she'd used in her PMT work to focus on perimenopause, menopause and ... Maryon Stewart (11 March 2019). "Wise Up at Perimenopause". becomeclothing.com. Maryon Stewart (31 July 2017). "Menopause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryon_Stewart

Peri-menopause leads to erratic periods and many women experience frequent hot-flashes. Many facilities do not provide access ... "Perimenopause - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2022-03-13. Schoenly, Lorry (2014-01-15). "Caring for Women in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause_in_incarceration

Perimenopause is when a woman's monthly menstruation begins to decrease in her late 40s and early 50s. Perimenopause increases ... Perimenopause is also when women are at an increased risk for schizophrenia. Some women also show increased anxiety symptoms. ... Studies also found that women with bipolar disorder were more likely to have depressive episodes during perimenopause. ... "Mental Health Concerns During the Perimenopause , UPMC in Central Pa". UPMC , Life Changing Medicine. Retrieved 2022-08-11. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States

Corinna, Heather (1 June 2021). What Fresh Hell Is This?: Perimenopause, Menopause, Other Indignities and You. Little, Brown ... Perimenopause, Menopause, Other Indignities and You, Heather Corinna noted that Pause offered "one of the rare sympathetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pause_(2018_film)

Hardman SM, Gebbie AE (July 2009). "Hormonal contraceptive regimens in the perimenopause". Maturitas. 63 (3): 204-212. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_valerate

She has been called a leader in understanding and treating perimenopause and menopause. She was born in the USA and moved to ... She co-wrote the perimenopause chapter for the 40th anniversary edition of Our Bodies, Ourselves. Susan Love has called Prior a ... Transitions Through the Perimenopausal Years: Demystifying Your Journey The female journey of perimenopause is discussed. ... "Estrogen's storm season: stories of perimenopause". CeMCOR. Prior, Jerilynn, Swan, Andrea, &, Zala, Lisaa (5 August 2014). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerilynn_Prior

Clinical recovery from postpartum, perimenopause, and postmenopause depression has been shown to be effective after levels of ... Prior JC (2018). Estrogen's Storm Season: stories of perimenopause. Vancouver, British Columbia: CeMCOR (Centre for Menstrual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen

ISBN 978-0307-58854-8. I'm Too Young for This!: The Natural Hormone Solution to Enjoy Perimenopause. Harmony Books. 2013. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Somers

Raglan GB, Schulkin J, Micks E (2020). "Depression during perimenopause: the role of the obstetrician-gynecologist". Arch ... "Pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treating depression during the perimenopause". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 20 (15): 1837-1845. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)

"Camille Herron Opens up about Perimenopause and Running". Runner's World. Retrieved September 9, 2023. Ball, Ali. "Are women ' ... She is a vocal advocate and philanthropist for women's health, equality, diversity and inclusion, perimenopause, increasing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Herron

... (4 September 2015). "Many Women Over-medicated For Perimenopause - Good Morning America". Archived from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Louise_Gittleman

Among women, incidents of acephalgic migraine increase during perimenopause. Scintillating scotoma is the most common symptom ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acephalgic_migraine

Prior JC (2002). "The ageing female reproductive axis II: Ovulatory changes with perimenopause". Endocrine Facets of Ageing. ... Shorter menstrual cycles are also common in the early perimenopause (menopausal transition), during which time the lengths of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymenorrhea

During perimenopause symptoms often get worse before decreasing in severity. While symptoms resolve in about two-thirds of the ... Other hormonal influences, such as menarche, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, perimenopause, and menopause, also play a role ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine

Menopause is preceded by a stage of hormonal changes called perimenopause. Eumenorrhea denotes normal, regular menstruation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle

Califia had entered age-related perimenopause when he began his transition. He has stated that being a man or a woman was never ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Califia

Woman and Home 2020-03-04T00:00:00Z (4 March 2020). "Perimenopause symptoms: key signs and how it differs from the menopause". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_Currie

Perimenopause is when a woman's fertility declines, and menstruation occurs less regularly in the years leading up to the final ... Anovulatory cycles commonly occur before menopause (perimenopause) and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Very little ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation

Other studies in perimenopause have shown HRT to be consistently associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's. With Parkinson's ... A consensus expert opinion published by The Endocrine Society stated that when taken during perimenopause or the initial years ... HRT is often given as a short-term relief from menopausal symptoms during perimenopause. Potential menopausal symptoms include ... This twelve month time point divides menopause into early and late transition periods known as 'perimenopause' and ' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy

During perimenopause, the menstrual cycle and the periods become irregular and eventually stop altogether. The female ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_over_age_50

She was evaluated and her symptoms were initially thought to be due to perimenopause. She returned to her doctor complaining of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith_MacRae

in September 2021, it started to include women who are navigating perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Although it had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_App

Calvocoressi, G. Perimenopause in a non-binary masculine presenting/imagined/dreamed of body has been __________. Destabilizing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_Calvocoressi

... perimenopause. There are currently over 1 billion women in menopause and over 1.5 billion women in perimenopause. The women ... The film, narrated by Goldie Hawn, describes the journey through perimenopause, menopause and into post-menopause by examining ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Flash_Havoc

... hormonal changes in perimenopause, Prader-Willi syndrome, and Graves' disease. Endurance exercises such as running or swimming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligomenorrhea

with James W. Reed and Charlene Shucker) Healthy Transitions: A Woman's Guide to Perimenopause, Menopause, & Beyond. Prometheus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_B._Shulman

During perimenopause, women with catamenial epilepsy generally experience an increase in seizure frequency, and HRT use does ... Rosciszewska was one of the first researchers to report an increased risk of seizures during perimenopause, but found a marked ... However HRT use after perimenopause has been significantly associated with an increase in seizure frequency and severity. Women ... Most of the reproductive hormones, including the estrogens, progesterone and testosterone, diminish initially (perimenopause), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catamenial_epilepsy

CeMCOR is known for research on progesterone-only therapy for menopausal hot flushes, research on perimenopause as distinct ... and perimenopause. CeMCOR has stated that its research shows overall that regular menstrual cycles with ovulation help prevent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Menstrual_Cycle_and_Ovulation_Research

... Br J Hosp Med. 1991 Apr;45(4):213-5. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2059771/

What is Perimenopause: Its the period in a womans life before natural menopause, where her hormones are ... See the latest posts about Perimenopause Expert Advice in womens health ... The Latest in Perimenopause Expert Advice. * Vaginal Dryness: One of the Least Talked-about Menopause Symptoms By Dr. Daemon ... This Perimenopause Expert Advice page on EmpowHER Womens Health works best with javascript enabled in your browser.. Toggle ...

https://empowher.com/condition/perimenopause/experts

Chances are better youre in perimenopause. But what-if anything-should you do about it? ... Chances are better youre in perimenopause. But what-if anything-should you do about it?. What is perimenopause?. Years before ... For some women, perimenopause symptoms may be subtle or not terribly bothersome. If thats the case, you dont need to do ... How do you know for sure if youre in perimenopause?. In addition to irregular periods, many women will have symptoms such as ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/publications/johns_hopkins_health/winter_2009/is_it_perimenopause

Natural Remedies for Perimenopause. Medically reviewed by Suzanne Falck, M.D., FACP - By Kathryn Watson - Updated on June 5, ... Perimenopause is your bodys natural transition into producing less estrogen. As your ovaries produce less of the estrogen ... during perimenopause. Learning yoga in a class setting or practicing at home using internet tutorials may also improve ... If you feel the need to try natural remedies for your perimenopause symptoms, try one at a time. Dont overwhelm your body when ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/natural-remedies-for-perimenopause?utm_source=ReadNext

The precursor-perimenopause. The time leading up to menopause, perimenopause, is a phase of transition when mature eggs are ... Ibby Omole, ND, RAc: That you cant get pregnant when you are in the perimenopause stage. This is false! If you dont want ... Meyer says that some of the most troubling symptoms of peri/menopause include "weight gain, mood changes, insomnia, as well as ... Aside from some of the most common discomforts, menopause is often shrouded in mystery, and perimenopause even more so. This ...

https://www.alive.com/health/demystifying-menopause-and-perimenopause/

"Perimenopause is the stage before the menopause when hormonal changes to the reproductive cycle begin to take place, she says. ... Perimenopause will last until your periods have stopped for a length of twelve months, which is when you reach menopause. ... Flash periods can be a sign of perimenopause. (Getty Images) (Getty). Read more: Why everyones talking about menopause - ... One common symptom of perimenopause, the stage before the menopause, is irregular, unpredictable periods. ...

https://sg.news.yahoo.com/and-just-like-that-topic-perimenopause-symptoms-flash-period-141937235.html

Menopause And Perimenopause - an easy to understand guide covering causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment and prevention plus ... Perimenopause usually lasts three to five years but it can take as few as two years or as many as eight years for some women. ... What is Menopause And Perimenopause?. Most women think of menopause as the time of life when their menstrual periods end. This ... Symptoms of menopause or perimenopause include:. *Hot flashes - A hot flash is a feeling described as suddenly being hot, ...

https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/menopause-and-perimenopause.html

36-Year-Old Mother Wakes Up on Monday to Find She is a Multi-Millionaire; Next Lottery is for $316 Million. A 36-year-old mother from Michigan woke up on Monday morning as a multi-millionaire. Rachel Frye won a million dollar… ...

https://www.womenworking.com/5-signs-of-early-menopause-perimenopause/perimenopause/

See the answers to frequently asked questions about menopause and perimenopause. ... Whats the Difference Between Perimenopause and Menopause? Perimenopause means "around the menopause" and is the first of three ... Menopause & Perimenopause FAQs. We understand that it can be a difficult time as your body starts to go through changes. Thats ... If I Take Birth Control Pills Will I Still Get Perimenopause Symptoms? As long as you are on a pill that contains estrogen (as ...

https://www.poise.com/en-us/advice-and-support/menopause/faq

Perimenopause FAQs. When does perimenopause start? How long does it last?. Perimenopause may start with hormone changes as ... Is there a test for perimenopause?. There is no definitive test to tell you when you are in perimenopause. Perimenopause is ... What is Perimenopause?. Before getting into the symptoms, lets do a quick refresher on perimenopause, menopause, and the ... There is no test for perimenopause, so women often dont recognize that they are in perimenopause until they have been ...

https://www.marksdailyapple.com/6-signs-of-perimenopause-and-menopause/

Perimenopause - the struggle is real. Although very few women know when they are in perimenopause, it can feel like an uphill ... Although overtraining is no good, staying active is very beneficial, especially in peri-menopause. Some of the most powerful ... some of the physical challenges of perimenopause, including fatigue, aches and pains, and frequent illness, can directly impact ...

https://www.florahealth.com/blogs/articles/12-tips-to-maintain-fitness-during-perimenopause

Perimenopause Symptoms N. Updated: May 19, 2023. by Olivia Mittak. Key Points Night sweats are a symptom of perimenopause you ... Perimenopause Symptoms - V. Updated: May 19, 2023. by Olivia Mittak. Key Points Vaginal dryness is a symptom of perimenopause ... Perimenopause Symptoms - B. Updated: May 19, 2023. by Sarah Nance. Key Points Hormonal fluctuations during perimenopause can ... Perimenopause Symptoms - L. Updated: May 19, 2023. by Sarah Nance. Key Points Symptoms of loss of libido can be caused by ...

https://www.momswhothink.com/perimenopause-symptoms-f/

Perimenopause begins in the early to mid-40s. But why does migraine become more of a problem at this time of life? ... Perimenopause begins in the early to mid-40s. We know that oestrogen levels mirror changes in migraine prevalence, with ... Migraine and perimenopause By: Professor Anne MacGregor, specialist in headache and womens health ... If you are considering HRT to manage menopause symptoms, either during perimenopause or post menopause, it is important to use ...

https://migrainetrust.org/news/migraine-and-perimenopause/

How Perimenopause, Menopause and Midlife Impact Sleep. Experts in the Sutter Health network can help you understand why many ... For most women, menopause happens between the ages of 45 and 55, but hormonal changes called perimenopause can begin years ...

https://www.sutterhealth.org/health/sleep/novato-how-perimenopause-menopause-and-midlife-impact-sleep

Saliva hormone testing is the best way to test for hormonal imbalances in perimenopause, menopause, and andropause. Get your ...

https://www.johnleemd.com/saliva-hormone-testing.html

... and Running Through Perimenopause, the podcast that redefines your relationship with fitness and hormonal changes. Hosted ... Maximizing Fitness, Fat Loss & Running Through Perimenopause. Louise Valentine Welcome to "Maximizing Fitness, Fat Loss, and ... All content © 2023 Maximizing Fitness, Fat Loss & Running Through Perimenopause. ... Running Through Perimenopause," the podcast that redefines your relationship with fitness and hormonal changes. Hosted by ...

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We created The Future of Perimenopause, a first of its kind future-gazing report into perimenopause. The report presented key ... 36% of people dont know what perimenopause is and 33% dont know the difference between perimenopause and menopause ... Our research highlights perimenopause as the forgotten life stage, yet its affecting 2.2m women in the UK right now, 36% of ... 73% dont think perimenopause is suitably acknowledged by society. *31% of people said they would turn to supplements to ...

https://www.theretailbulletin.com/health-and-beauty/exclusive-interview-pioneering-the-future-of-perimenopause-wild-nutrition-18-10-2023/

Your comprehensive guide to navigating menopause and perimenopause. Insights & lifestyle changes to make your journey smoother ... When does perimenopause usually start?. Perimenopause can begin as early as a womans late 30s but more commonly starts in the ... Perimenopause Symptoms. Perimenopause comes with its own set of symptoms. These symptoms are often similar to those of ... What is Perimenopause?. Perimenopause is the transitional phase that precedes menopause. This period is characterized by a ...

https://bewellbuzz.com/body/menopause-and-perimenopause-guide/

"Perimenopause, or going into menopause, is very much like going through puberty but in reverse. So it is astonishing… there is ... I read every book on the planet before my babies were born… The fact that I never heard the term 'perimenopause' is ... Heather Hirsch ultimately fights toward the awareness and education of womens health in perimenopause and menopause as she ... Heather Hirsch talks about perimenopause, 'because womens health affects everyones health' 'Its really ...

https://www.audacy.com/670thescore/news/dr-heather-hirsch-talks-about-perimenopause

Several Symptoms Of Perimenopause Revealed! Birth Control And Perimenopause: When Do I Stop Taking The Pill? Perimenopause - ... That Time in Between Perimenopause Symptoms - 10 Common Symptoms Of Perimenopause Perimenopause Symptoms: ... Typically, perimenopause can happen occur during a womans late 30s, 40s or 50s. Perimenopause indicates that a woman is ... What you may not realize is that there is another stage - perimenopause. Perimenopause is the transition stage between normal ...

https://www.edocr.com/v/zmboqgmj/globaldocuments/exercise-your-way-through-perimenopausepdf

Get to know about perimenopause and its symptoms that Dr Batras™ provides for you to read and understand. To know more, talk ... Perimenopause is a natural phase in a womans life that transitions her from her reproductive years to life after pregnancy and ... Some women begin perimenopause in their 30s also or even younger because of premature ovarian loss. The cause of this condition ... Perimenopause Symptoms:. *Irregular Periods: Periods can become irregular (shorter or longer in frequency, and occasionally ...

https://www.drbatras.com/perimenopause-what-age-does-it-start-what-are-symptoms

Dosage Recommendations: Take 1 (yellow) AM PeriMenopause tablet in the morning and 1 (purple) PM PeriMenopause tablet ... Each AM PeriMenopause Formula tablet contains 250 mg of Green Tea (SunphenonR), 205 mg of Rhodiola Root Extract, 40 mg of ... Each PM PeriMenopause Formula tablet contains 200 mg of Valerian Root Extract, 100 mg Hops Flower Extract, 50 mg of L-Theanine ... AM PeriMenopause Formula contains Black Cohosh for natural hormonal support and relief of occasional hot flashes and mood ...

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During perimenopause, your hormone levels can fluctuate, leading to a range of unpleasant symptoms. Learn how lifestyle changes ... How to treat perimenopause symptoms. Many of the symptoms of perimenopause are interconnected. If youre having trouble ... Perimenopause is the time of transition to menopause when you no longer have menstrual periods. During perimenopause, your ... You might notice these signs of perimenopause. Hofmeister outlined some of the most common symptoms of perimenopause and the ...

https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/advise-me/perimenopause-tips-to-help-you-into-menopause

PERIMENOPAUSE DEFINED. The average age of a womans menopause is 51 or normally between the ages of 45-58. Perimenopause - or ... "During the time prior to formal menopause, known as perimenopause, a woman will start seeing some early warning signs that her ... Because the symptoms of perimenopause and premature menopause are similar, if you notice changes in your menstrual cycle, sleep ... During perimenopause, a woman can experience anxiety, depression, memory and difficulty thinking. ...

https://www.mcleodhealth.org/blog/perimenopause-your-introduction-to-menopause/

Earlier this summer we held our first workshop post-pandemic. The topic was menopause. Tickets were sold out, and attendance was 100%. Our customers inspired the workshop. Women who, in the fitting room, confided they didnt have their now sizeable breasts before menopause. Women who wondered what the heck happened to the magnificent breasts they once had before going through "the…. ...

https://dianeslingerie.com/tag/perimenopause/

Excerpted from What Fresh Hell is This? Perimenopause, Menopause, Other Indignities, and You by Heather Corinna. Copyright © ... What Fresh Hell Is This? Perimenopause, Menopause, Other Indignities, and You. Topics Include: Menopause Menstruation (Periods) ... Im not going to tell you how to feel about or view perimenopause, menopause, and life after. Thats yours to feel. If were ... Menopausal transition: The (often long) road through perimenopause, or another route to menopause, to postmenopause and all the ...

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Tag: Perimenopause. Irritability and How Peri-Menopause Brings the Very first Indications of Change. Numerous women of all ages ... The 3 phases are perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Perimenopause begins a long time before your very last period. ... Perimenopause, Menopause, And Postmenopause: What Are The Symptoms?. Menopause is divided into 3 phases, with just about every ... in the stages of peri-menopause and menopause experience frustrated and irritable. Some researchers consider that the lessen in ...

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Perimenopause: What Healthcare Providers Should Know Dr Monica Christmas, NAMS Board of Trustees Member, Associate Professor ... Dr Monica Christmas discusses how healthcare providers can help women navigate the perimenopause transition. ...

https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/menopause-videos-from-nams/perimenopause-what-healthcare-providers-should-know

Download our free perry app to join the sisterhood and meet other perimenopause warriors, because perimenopause is so much ... Download our free perry app to join the sisterhood and meet other perimenopause warriors, because perimenopause is so much ...

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Doctors Told Me It Was Just Perimenopause. It Turned Out to Be Uterine Fibroids. I wasnt taken seriously until I developed ... They all gave me the same answer: probably perimenopause. None of these medical professionals ever suggested any targeted tests ...

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Perimenopause refers to the stage of menopausal transition when an irregularity in the menstrual cycle symptoms may arise before the last menstrual bleed. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Moreover, experiencing anxiety during perimenopause has also been found to be strongly connected with menopausal symptoms, and that poor sleep was more associated with anxiety than depression. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Perimenopause means "around menopause" and is also called the menopausal transition. (belegenza.com)
Menopausal transition, or perimenopause, is the period between the onset of irregular menstrual cycles and the last menstrual period. (medscape.com)
they found that women who entered perimenopause were twice as likely to have clinically significant depressive symptoms as women who had not yet made the menopausal transition. (medscape.com)
Perimenopause is part of the menopausal transition and refers to the several years before and the 1 year after the final menstrual period. (msdmanuals.com)
In women aged 40 years or older, the expected physiologic decline of ovarian function that takes place with aging is termed perimenopause or the menopausal transition. (medscape.com)

If certain hormone levels are elevated, in addition to skipped periods and hot flashes, that's suggestive for perimenopause. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Though some women report feeling better after using it, a review of nonhormonal therapies for perimenopause indicated that dong quai had no effect on hot flashes and other symptoms. (healthline.com)
When you think about perimenopause and menopause, you probably think of hot flashes ( aka hot flushes), night sweats, trouble sleeping, perhaps weight gain. (marksdailyapple.com)
Key Points Hot flashes and hair loss are two symptoms you may experience during perimenopause. (momswhothink.com)
AM PeriMenopause Formula contains Black Cohosh for natural hormonal support and relief of occasional hot flashes and mood swings*, Green Tea for breast health, energy, and weight management*, Chaste Berry for natural progesterone balance and relief of menstrual symptoms*, and Rhodiola for concentration, mental alertness, and endurance. (nutrivene.com)
Studies show about 75 to 80% of women will experience hot flashes-they are one of the most common symptoms of perimenopause. (bannerhealth.com)
You can take estrogen or low-dose birth control pills to treat hot flashes and other symptoms of perimenopause. (bannerhealth.com)
Perimenopause is the period leading up to menopause when women experience hormonal changes that can cause symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. (groenerekenkamer.com)
CHICAGO, Illinois - New results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 3-months of therapy with oral micronized progesterone in women in perimenopause who had hot flashes were mixed but suggest a benefit that will need to be replicated in a bigger trial. (medscape.com)

Biologically speaking, perimenopause begins when estrogen and progesterone levels start to fluctuate less predictably, says Johns Hopkins reproductive endocrinologist Howard Zacur , M.D. That can happen for a woman anywhere between her late 30s and late 40s-even sometimes earlier or later. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
During perimenopause, estrogen and progesterone levels decline overall, although they can fluctuate up or down, sometimes dramatically, from day to day. (marksdailyapple.com)
Unlike menopause, where hormone levels have declined significantly, perimenopause is marked by fluctuations in hormone levels , particularly estrogen and progesterone. (bewellbuzz.com)
In the perimenopause stage , the ovaries begin to shut down and stops producing certain hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, decreasing the chance of becoming pregnant. (birthcontrolbuzz.com)
Treatment for perimenopause can begin with a hormone level test to determine if estrogen (oestrogen) or progesterone levels are currently imbalanced. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)
The treatments listed above seek to reduce perimenopause symptoms by rebalancing hormones such as estrogen (oestrogen) and progesterone. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)
Asked by Medscape Medical News why these perimenopausal women couldn't just take estrogen and progesterone [as combined hormone replacement therapy] for their vasomotor symptoms (VMS), she said: "The advantage [of progesterone only] in perimenopause is that women already have erratically higher levels of estrogen, and those levels are high because they are not suppressible. (medscape.com)

Perimenopause is your body's natural transition into producing less estrogen. (healthline.com)
The time leading up to menopause, perimenopause, is a phase of transition when mature eggs are diminishing and ovulation and menses become irregular. (alive.com)
Perimenopause is the transition stage between normal menstruation, and menopause. (edocr.com)
Dr Monica Christmas discusses how healthcare providers can help women navigate the perimenopause transition. (menopause.org.au)
Perimenopause is the time during which your body makes the natural transition to menopause, marking the end of the reproductive years. (belegenza.com)
Perimenopause , also known as menopause transition , is when menopause-related symptoms occur many years before and after menopause . (birthcontrolbuzz.com)

Key Points Vaginal dryness is a symptom of perimenopause that you may experience. (momswhothink.com)
Menopause, diagnosed after no vaginal bleeding has occurred for 12 months, marks the end of perimenopause. (drbatras.com)
We offer a range of treatments for the symptoms of perimenopause, from the Mirena Coil which can help with heavy and irregular bleeding to MonaLisa Touch® , a non-surgical laser treatment for the symptoms of vaginal atrophy - the thinning, drying and inflammation of the vaginal walls. (benendenhospital.org.uk)

If you are considering HRT to manage menopause symptoms, either during perimenopause or post menopause, it is important to use a form that minimises hormone fluctuations as much as possible. (migrainetrust.org)
You may have also heard the term premenopause, and it is essentially the same as perimenopause without any menopause symptoms. (hotzehwc.com)

As menstrual cycles shorten during perimenopause, menstrual attacks occur more frequently. (migrainetrust.org)
Perimenopause symptoms begin to occur when are still experiencing menstrual cycles, but the time between or length may fluctuate quite a bit. (edocr.com)
If you've been enjoying fairly predictable menstrual cycles, weight gain and sleep patterns, chances are you haven't entered into perimenopause. (amberen.com)

One common symptom of perimenopause, the stage before the menopause, is irregular, unpredictable periods. (yahoo.com)
Perimenopause will last until your periods have stopped for a length of twelve months, which is when you reach menopause. (yahoo.com)
Flash periods' can be a sign of perimenopause. (yahoo.com)
There are many reasons why one's periods may be irregular, perimenopause being amongst the most common. (poise.com)
If you are in your 40s and all other possible reasons for irregular periods have been ruled out, by default this is probably perimenopause. (poise.com)
Key Points Missed and irregular periods are more common as perimenopause progresses. (momswhothink.com)
Many also experienced typical perimenopause symptoms with more frequent periods, hot flushes, night sweats, anxiety and disturbed sleep. (migrainetrust.org)
You're in your 40s, you wake up in a sweat at night, and your periods are erratic and often accompanied by heavy bleeding: Chances are, you're going through perimenopause. (drbatras.com)
Perimenopause is the transitional period into menopause when periods become irregular but haven't stopped. (benendenhospital.org.uk)
It is difficult to accurately predict when you will start to experience perimenopause symptoms because it usually starts two to ten years before your periods stop. (benendenhospital.org.uk)
You may be in perimenopause, which is marked by such symptoms as irregular periods, mood swings, forgetfulness, bloating and insomnia. (amberen.com)

Dr. Heather Hirsch sat down with the New England Lifestyles podcast to bring awareness to an unnecessarily hushed subject: women's health in menopause and perimenopause. (audacy.com)
Dr. Heather Hirsch ultimately fights toward the awareness and education of women's health in perimenopause and menopause as she declared, "women's health affects everyone's health. (audacy.com)
It is important to remember that no two women's perimenopause symptoms are the same. (benendenhospital.org.uk)
It's perimenopause, that lesser-known term defining the years when women's hormones are kissing them good-bye, before they reach menopause. (crownpublishing.com)
Perimenopause takes a big toll on women's moods, health, and relationships. (crownpublishing.com)
Thanks to advances in medical science and women's health, many of the worst symptoms of perimenopause can be reduced or eliminated completely. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

Even if you get past the mood issues, some of the physical challenges of perimenopause, including fatigue, aches and pains, and frequent illness, can directly impact your ability to train. (florahealth.com)
Key Points Crashing fatigue is one of the symptoms you may experience with perimenopause. (momswhothink.com)
We've recently launched our new Perimenopause Complex that has been formulated to support women with common concerns during the perimenopausal stage such as hormonal regulation and reduction in fatigue, whilst supporting the immune and cognitive body systems. (theretailbulletin.com)
Symptoms such as insomnia, weight change, mood instability, fatigue and others can be distressing to women who are unaware of perimenopause. (audacy.com)
Other common perimenopause symptoms include breast tenderness, fatigue, urinary urgency, worsening chronic headaches or migraines, and worsening arthritic joint pain (especially when vitamin D and estrogen levels are low). (drbatras.com)

The symptoms associated with perimenopause can last anywhere from a few months to several years. (healthline.com)
Click here to know more Exercise Your Way Through Perimenopause By Susan Megge It's unfortunate, but most women don't realize how crucial a role regular fitness and exercise is to reducing many symptoms associated with perimenopause. (edocr.com)

Key Points Hormonal fluctuations during perimenopause can cause pain, soreness, or tenderness in the breasts. (momswhothink.com)
PM PeriMenopause Formula contains Black Cohosh to offset hormonal fluctuations that can result in occasional night sweats*, Valerian and Hops for relaxation and deep sleep*, and L-Theanine to alleviate nighttime muscle tension and promote restful sleep. (nutrivene.com)
Perimenopause, or premenopause, is a term coined in the last twenty years by the medical community to describe symptoms caused by normal hormonal fluctuations that occur as a woman moves closer to her menopause. (marcellepick.com)
in addition, it was not possible to characterize if the depressive symptoms in perimenopause were exclusively due to hormonal fluctuations in this stage life or if related to previous preceding moments of depression. (bvsalud.org)

Erratic and declining hormones, especially estrogen, are probably responsible for most unwanted perimenopause symptoms. (marksdailyapple.com)

But antidepressants accelerate bone loss, which is an issue for all women but especially for women who are in perimenopause or menopause. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Scientists analysing depression during and after perimenopause have found that antidepressants are a potential treatment for moderate to severe symptoms. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

Researchers are calling for more studies into the way plant extracts like red yam may help women in perimenopause. (healthline.com)

Specific drug-based treatments for symptoms of anxiety and depression during perimenopause are largely unexamined. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
In 2018, guidelines by the North American Menopause Society, and others, recommended selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) as front-line medications for depression during perimenopause. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Studies of mood during menopause have generally revealed an increased risk of depression during perimenopause, with a decrease in risk during postmenopausal years. (medscape.com)

Key Points Joint aches are a possible symptom of perimenopause. (momswhothink.com)
Key Points Night sweats are a symptom of perimenopause you may experience. (momswhothink.com)
The most noticeable symptom of perimenopause is the irregularity and eventual cessation of the menstrual cycle. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

Perimenopause, Menopause, And Postmenopause: What Are The Symptoms? (stuntbikeshow.com)
The 3 phases are perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. (stuntbikeshow.com)

Our landmark research highlights perimenopause as a life stage distinct from menopause with very different nutritional needs, so this product was created to support mind, body and mood - the whole you. (theretailbulletin.com)
Our research highlights perimenopause as the 'forgotten' life stage, yet it's affecting 2.2m women in the UK right now, 36% of whom are unaware how perimenopause differs from menopause and 34% blindsided by the symptoms. (theretailbulletin.com)

Depending on the severity of your perimenopause symptoms, they may be able to treat you or refer you to one of our Consultant Gynaecologists . (benendenhospital.org.uk)

Perimenopause can begin as early as a woman's late 30s, although it most commonly starts in the 40s. (bewellbuzz.com)
Page 2 Presented by Daniel Toriola Perimenopause Symptoms - That Time in Between By John Russell Lots of people think that a woman's hormonal levels are really in one of two stages: menstruating and menopause. (edocr.com)
Perimenopause is a natural phase in a woman's life that transitions her from her reproductive years to life after pregnancy and childbirth. (drbatras.com)
Perimenopause brings about various changes in a woman's body, including disruptions in sleep patterns. (anytimecliniccare.com)

As per one 2018 study , perimenopause is associated with an increased risk of experiencing greater symptoms of depression. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

That's why Poise has curated answers to some frequently asked questions to help you navigate through Perimenopause and Menopause. (poise.com)
This comprehensive guide aims to demystify menopause and perimenopause, arming you with information that can help you navigate this journey with grace and confidence. (bewellbuzz.com)
In this article, we'll provide you with some tips on how to help your wife navigate perimenopause with ease and understanding. (groenerekenkamer.com)

Key Points Symptoms of loss of libido can be caused by hormonal changes during perimenopause. (momswhothink.com)

Was there a noticeable change in cognitive skills once perimenopause started? (cognifit.com)

During perimenopause, some sleep problems are caused by night sweats. (bannerhealth.com)

Original transversal studies in from 1996 to 2006 with adult populations were enclosed (age between 40 and 55 years old) and demonstrated prevalence of depressive symptoms in the perimenopause in the following languages: English, French and Portuguese. (bvsalud.org)
The inclusion criteria were studies which fulfilled the following methodological criteria: epidemiological characteristics, perimenopause definitions and valid instruments to evaluate depressive symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
In the United States, a study of a community sample of women undergoing natural menopause also demonstrated an increase in depressive symptoms during perimenopause. (medscape.com)

Perimenopause, also known as the climacteric, includes the time before menopause when hormonal and biological changes and physical symptoms begin to occur. (drugs.com)
Perimenopause typically begins in the 40s, but can occur earlier depending on certain factors. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

Due to a growing body of research, the connection between mental health and perimenopause is becoming clearer, namely its impact on mood and the onset of depression and anxiety . (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Instead, researchers are studying existing drugs to gauge their applicability in treating mood changes and reducing anxiety and depression resulting from perimenopause. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Suggest relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga to help alleviate stress and anxiety during perimenopause. (groenerekenkamer.com)

Perimenopause occurs because of declining ovarian function and a change in your hormones. (hotzehwc.com)
Due to fluctuating hormones, perimenopause causes significant symptoms that can affect quality of life. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)
The fluctuating hormones associated with perimenopause can't be avoided. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

Perimenopause, or going into menopause, is very much like going through puberty but in reverse. (audacy.com)

Perimenopause refers to the time before menopause begins-it literally translates to "around menopause. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

Our campaign in October 2022 set out to prepare women for menopause by focusing on perimenopause as a distinct life stage so that it can be better understood. (theretailbulletin.com)

When stopping oral contraceptives during perimenopause a serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level test should be done on the last day of the pill. (birthcontrolbuzz.com)

We know that oestrogen levels mirror changes in migraine prevalence, with fluctuating levels during perimenopause increasing the likelihood of migraine and, as many women have found, menstrual migraine . (migrainetrust.org)
However, our experience suggests that HRT during perimenopause can worsen migraine, which is not surprising given that oestrogen levels during perimenopause can rise to much higher levels than earlier in the reproductive years. (migrainetrust.org)

Many women report intensified PMS symptoms during perimenopause, including mood swings and bloating. (bewellbuzz.com)
If you're not sleeping well during perimenopause, you may be irritable or have mood swings. (bannerhealth.com)

Boston host Gregg Daniels and his wife Dinara also appeared on the podcast to talk about their experience with Dinara's perimenopause struggles. (audacy.com)
Because the length of perimenopause varies, some women experience symptoms longer than others. (drbatras.com)
47 is the average age to enter perimenopause and, while you may experience symptoms, you can still get pregnant. (benendenhospital.org.uk)
Normally, women between the ages of 45 and 55 experience perimenopause , some even starts in their 30s. (birthcontrolbuzz.com)
No two women experience perimenopause the same, and that includes symptoms. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

For women who have had hormone-related mood problems in the past, such as postpartum depression, the risk of depression is increased during perimenopause. (drbatras.com)

What treatments are available for the symptoms of perimenopause? (benendenhospital.org.uk)
Today, there are more treatments than ever to mitigate the side effects and symptoms of perimenopause. (anti-aging-bhrt.com)

Years before menopause, women go through a transitional period called perimenopause. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Usually ranging in age from the mid- to late-30s through to the mid-50s, and lasting upward of four to eight years, Black women seem to have the longest durations of perimenopause, BC naturopath Dr. Ibby Omole points out. (alive.com)
There is no test for perimenopause, so women often don't recognize that they are in perimenopause until they have been experiencing symptoms for a number of years. (marksdailyapple.com)
For most women, menopause happens between the ages of 45 and 55, but hormonal changes called perimenopause can begin years earlier and start sleep problems. (sutterhealth.org)
Perimenopause often lasts about four years but it can be much shorter or longer. (bannerhealth.com)
Perimenopause - or the time "around" menopause - can start in the mid- to late-40s and last 2-10 years. (mcleodhealth.org)
In the last years of perimenopause, the drop in estrogen accelerates. (hotzehwc.com)
After the evaluation of 1.345 articles, 1099 were excluded since they did not satisfy the criteria of inclusion, remaining only five articles with a population of 11.020 women with ages between 40 and 60 years and, therefore, part of the studied sample enclosed in perimenopause. (bvsalud.org)
Perimenopause happens a few years before menopause. (medlineplus.gov)
The number of years a woman is in perimenopause before her final menstrual period varies greatly. (msdmanuals.com)

This stage of life is referred to as perimenopause, and this disruption in hormone levels can also cause restless sleep and lack of energy. (nutrivene.com)

Aside from some of the most common discomforts, menopause is often shrouded in mystery, and perimenopause even more so. (alive.com)
If you're a woman in your 40s or early 50s, there's a good chance you're experiencing a hot flash, one of the most common side effects of perimenopause. (bannerhealth.com)
Hofmeister outlined some of the most common symptoms of perimenopause and the steps you can take to alleviate them. (bannerhealth.com)
Yes, insomnia is a common symptom experienced during perimenopause. (anytimecliniccare.com)
Menstrual irregularities are common in postmenarche and perimenopause and might complicate the use of FAB methods. (cdc.gov)

The Mirena intrauterine system is a great option during perimenopause as it controls bleeding and provides effective contraception by releasing very small amounts of hormone locally in the womb. (migrainetrust.org)

Perimenopause is the transitional phase that precedes menopause. (bewellbuzz.com)
Perimenopause is the 2 to 10 year, give or take, transitional period of time prior to menopause. (hotzehwc.com)

If I Take Birth Control Pills Will I Still Get Perimenopause Symptoms? (poise.com)

Many women report having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep during perimenopause. (bewellbuzz.com)
Insomnia, characterized by trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, is a prevalent sleep disorder during perimenopause. (anytimecliniccare.com)

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes7

Health Care3

Differential association of modifiable health behaviors with hot flashes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (1/149)

Longitudinal study of the inception of perimenopause in relation to lifetime history of sexual or physical violence. (2/149)

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conjugated oral equine estrogen: a successful regimen for HRT in perimenopausal women. (3/149)

Enlarged squamous cell nuclei in cervical cytologic specimens from perimenopausal women ("PM Cells") : a cause of ASC overdiagnosis. (4/149)

Atherosclerotic lesion development in a novel ovary-intact mouse model of perimenopause. (5/149)

Ethnic variation in hypertension among premenopausal and perimenopausal women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. (6/149)

Three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler in ovarian cancer screening of asymptomatic peri- and postmenopausal women. (7/149)

Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for breast-cancer screening. (8/149)

Perimenopause

Climacteric

Menopause

Cyclohexenes

Vinyl Compounds

Menstruation

Menstrual Cycle

Reproductive History

Premenopause

Postmenopause

Longitudinal Studies

Age Factors

Differential association of modifiable health behaviors with hot flashes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (1/149)

Longitudinal study of the inception of perimenopause in relation to lifetime history of sexual or physical violence. (2/149)

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conjugated oral equine estrogen: a successful regimen for HRT in perimenopausal women. (3/149)

Enlarged squamous cell nuclei in cervical cytologic specimens from perimenopausal women ("PM Cells") : a cause of ASC overdiagnosis. (4/149)

Atherosclerotic lesion development in a novel ovary-intact mouse model of perimenopause. (5/149)

Ethnic variation in hypertension among premenopausal and perimenopausal women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. (6/149)

Three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler in ovarian cancer screening of asymptomatic peri- and postmenopausal women. (7/149)

Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for breast-cancer screening. (8/149)

Menopause

Mary Fenner Dallman

Maryon Stewart

Menopause in incarceration

Women's reproductive health in the United States

Pause (2018 film)

Estradiol valerate

Jerilynn Prior

Estrogen

Suzanne Somers

Estrogen (medication)

Camille Herron

Ann Louise Gittleman

Acephalgic migraine

Polymenorrhea

Migraine

Menstrual cycle

Patrick Califia

Heather Currie

Menstruation

Hormone replacement therapy

Pregnancy over age 50

Meredith MacRae

Peanut App

Gabrielle Calvocoressi

Hot Flash Havoc

Oligomenorrhea

Neil B. Shulman

Catamenial epilepsy

Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research

Contraception in the perimenopause

Perimenopause Expert Advice

Johns Hopkins Health - Is It Perimenopause?

8 Natural Remedies for Perimenopause: Symptom Relief

Demystifying Menopause and Perimenopause - alive magazine

Perimenopause: 'Flash' periods and other symptoms

Menopause And Perimenopause Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

perimenopause - WomenWorking

Menopause & Perimenopause FAQs | Poise® US

6 Surprising Signs of Perimenopause and Menopause | Mark's Daily Apple

12 Tips to Maintain Fitness During Perimenopause

Perimenopause Symptoms - F

Migraine and perimenopause - The Migraine Trust

How Perimenopause, Menopause and Midlife Impact Sleep | Sutter Health

Saliva Hormone Testing - Perimenopause, Menopause and Andropause

Maximizing Fitness, Fat Loss & Running Through Perimenopause

Exclusive interview: Pioneering the future of Perimenopause, Wild Nutrition | Retail Bulletin

Navigating Menopause & Perimenopause: A Comprehensive Guide

Dr. Heather Hirsch talks about perimenopause

Exercise Your Way Through Perimenopause.pdf

Perimenopause | Symptoms of Perimenopause| Dr Batra's™

Enzymatic Therapy AM PM PeriMenopause Formula - Nutrivene

Tips for Managing Perimenopause Symptoms | Banner Health

Perimenopause - Your Introduction to Menopause - McLeod Health

Perimenopause Archives | Diane's Lingerie

What Fresh Hell Is This? Perimenopause, Menopause, Other Indignities, and You - Our Bodies Ourselves Today

Perimenopause Archives - Stunt Bike Show

Perimenopause: What Healthcare Providers Should Know - Australasian Menopause Society

Perimenopause WTF?: Metabolism 101 - WTF Is Happening & How You Can Improve it with Dr. Alyssa Olenick on Apple Podcasts

What Doctors Said Was Perimenopause Turned Out to Be Uterine Fibroids - HealthyWomen