Pakistan
Afghanistan
Poliomyelitis
Geographic Mapping
Developing Countries
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
Antibiotic strategies for developing countries: experience with acute respiratory tract infections in Pakistan. (1/1556)
The Pakistan program for control of acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) adopted the standard ARI-case-management strategy of the World Health Organization and recommended co-trimoxazole for the management of nonsevere pneumonia. Reports in that country of high in vitro antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to co-trimoxazole prompted the program to reevaluate its treatment policy. Two community-based studies during 1991-1993 showed in vivo efficacy of co-trimoxazole in 92% and 91% of children with nonsevere pneumonia. A third double-blind trial showed co-trimoxazole and oral amoxicillin to be equally effective in vivo in cases of nonsevere pneumonia, despite high in vitro resistance. Country-wide surveillance from 1991 to 1994 revealed 78.3%-79.9% in vitro resistance to co-trimoxazole among S. pneumoniae isolates and 59.5%-61.0% among H. influenzae isolates. Co-trimoxazole is still recommended by the Pakistan ARI control program. The fact that amoxicillin is three times more expensive and must be administered more frequently is a big impediment to recommending it as a first-line drug for nonsevere pneumonia. (+info)Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--Pakistan, 1994-1998. (2/1556)
Since the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate poliomyelitis by 2000, polio cases reported globally have decreased by approximately 85%. Despite a strong commitment to polio eradication, polio remains endemic in Pakistan. In 1997, Pakistan reported 1147 polio cases, representing widespread poliovirus circulation nationally and constituting 22% of cases reported worldwide. However, surveillance and laboratory data from 1998 indicate that previous widespread poliovirus circulation was geographically localized for the first time. This report describes polio eradication activities in Pakistan, including the impact of routine and supplementary vaccination on polio incidence. (+info)Molecular analysis of the ERGIC-53 gene in 35 families with combined factor V-factor VIII deficiency. (3/1556)
Combined factor V-factor VIII deficiency (F5F8D) is a rare, autosomal recessive coagulation disorder in which the levels of both coagulation factors V and VIII are diminished. The F5F8D locus was previously mapped to a 1-cM interval on chromosome 18q21. Mutations in a candidate gene in this region, ERGIC-53, were recently found to be associated with the coagulation defect in nine Jewish families. We performed single-strand conformation and sequence analysis of the ERGIC-53 gene in 35 F5F8D families of different ethnic origins. We identified 13 distinct mutations accounting for 52 of 70 mutant alleles. These were 3 splice site mutations, 6 insertions and deletions resulting in translational frameshifts, 3 nonsense codons, and elimination of the translation initiation codon. These mutations are predicted to result in synthesis of either a truncated protein product or no protein at all. This study revealed that F5F8D shows extensive allelic heterogeneity and all ERGIC-53 mutations resulting in F5F8D are "null." Approximately 26% of the mutations have not been identified, suggesting that lesions in regulatory elements or severe abnormalities within the introns may be responsible for the disease in these individuals. In two such families, ERGIC-53 protein was detectable at normal levels in patients' lymphocytes, raising the further possibility of defects at other genetic loci. (+info)Cardiovascular disease risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups: Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women. (4/1556)
BACKGROUND: Although people from the Indian subcontinent have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), studies of such in Indian and Pakistani women living in the United States are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study accounted for variability in serum lipid (total cholesterol and triacylglycerol) and lipoprotein [LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and HDL cholesterol] concentrations in Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women in the United States. Body composition, regional fat distribution, dietary intake, and energy expenditure were compared between groups. DESIGN: The 2 groups were 47 Indian and Pakistani and 47 American women. Health was assessed via medical history, physical activity, body composition (via anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (via 7-d food records), and serum lipids. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol were greater (P <0.03), whereas HDL-cholesterol values were lower (P = 0.011) in Indians and Pakistanis than in Americans. Multiple regression analysis indicated that approximately 18% of the variance in total cholesterol (P = 0.0010) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0009) was accounted for by ethnicity, energy expenditure, and the ratio of the sum of central to the sum of peripheral skinfold thicknesses. Ethnicity, sum of central skinfold thicknesses, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intake accounted for approximately 43% of the variance in triacylglycerol concentration (P < 0.0001). Monounsaturated fat, percentage body fat, and alcohol intake accounted for approximately 26% of variance in HDL cholesterol. Ethnicity contributed approximately 22% of the 25% overall variance in lipoprotein(a). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that these Indian and Pakistani women are at higher CVD risk than their American counterparts, but that increasing their physical activity is likely to decrease overall and regional adiposity, thereby improving their serum lipid profiles. (+info)Aneurysm surgery in Pakistan. (5/1556)
The purpose of this study was to find out the incidence and outcome of aneurysms being operated in Pakistan. The data was collected from various neurosurgical centers in Pakistan where facilities for aneurysm surgery are available. The population of Pakistan is 130 million, with 28 neurosurgical centers in the country but only eight are equipped with facilities for performing aneurysm surgery. The period of study extended from January 1994 to December 1996. During this period 350 patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Diagnosis of SAH was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) brain scan, diagnostic lumbar puncture was performed in few patients only where CT scan was negative. After angiography, 240 patients had intracranial aneurysms, 79 had arteriovenous malformations, and three had bled in brain tumors. Of the 240 patients with proven intracranial aneurysms, 122 (51%) were male and 118 (49%) were female. The mean age at presentation was 40.5 years with a range from 7 to 68 and a peak incidence between 41 and 50 years. Subarachnoid bleeding was noticed in 179 (74.6%) patients, 52 (21.7%) had SAH associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, and nine (4%) patients presented with the third cranial nerve palsy. Anterior communicating artery was the commonest site for aneurysms (120, 50%), followed by posterior communicating artery (46, 19%) and middle cerebral artery (45, 19%). Aneurysm surgery was performed in 134 (56%) patients. Operative mortality was about 10%. At 3 months follow up 49% patients were in grade I Glasgow Outcome Scale. We conclude that intracranial aneurysms occur with equal frequency in both sexes with a peak incidence between 41-50 years and anterior communicating artery is the commonest site. SAH is the most common mode of presentation and is still a neglected from of stroke in Pakistan. Medical specialists and family physicians require education for early diagnosis and timely referral of patients with SAH to neurosurgical centers. (+info)HIV/AIDS in Pakistan: the context and magnitude of an emerging threat. (6/1556)
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this review were to: (1) assess the nature and comprehensiveness of information regarding HIV/AIDS in Pakistan; (2) to evaluate the extent of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan by epidemiological estimates; (3) to indicate the implications of the results for health policy in Pakistan and other regions at a similar stage in the epidemic. DESIGN: A structured review of published, unpublished, and government literature was undertaken to collate all available information and present a descriptive epidemiological profile of HIV/AIDS in the country. SETTING: Pakistan, a developing country in the South Asian region. National and regional information and analysis are presented in so far as the data allowed. Sample sizes varied from 1.35 million people screened at the national level to smaller studies of fewer than 100 screened. RESULTS: Data pertaining to HIV/AIDS in Pakistan showed the best national estimates of HIV prevalence as 64 per 100,000 (0.064%). Within patients with sexually transmitted diseases the seroprevalence was as high as 6100 per 100,000 (6.1%); in men with extramarital contacts, 5400 per 100,000 (5.4%) and was as low as zero in some studied populations as well. The average age of onset was reported as 30 years. It is estimated that if all incident cases of AIDS were to die, there would be at least 5000 deaths annually attributable to HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: Coupled with the extremely low awareness of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan, as well as growing number of cases, the AIDS epidemic is poised to take a hold in Pakistan. The presence of additional risk factors such as unscreened blood, and low condom use rates make the situation fertile for AIDS to become a major public health issue. Pakistan's health policy must be proactive in tackling this emerging health threat. (+info)Detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in dried blood spot samples from mothers and their offspring in Lahore, Pakistan. (7/1556)
Dried blood spot samples from mothers and their offspring attending the obstetric and pediatric departments of two hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan, were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). The seroprevalence of HCV in the women was 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3 to 9.1), and that in the children was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.34 to 2.26). Four anti-HCV immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive children had mothers that were anti-HCV IgG negative, which suggested that their infection was community acquired. (+info)Circumcision and neonatal tetanus: disclosure of risk and its reduction by topical antibiotics. (8/1556)
BACKGROUND: Previous case-control studies have paradoxically suggested that circumcisions protect against neonatal tetanus (NNT), but these observations have not been adjusted for differences in the length of survival of cases and controls. METHODS: Boy cases (n = 133) and their sex-matched controls (n = 399) were extracted from a population-based study of NNT undertaken in Punjab Province, Pakistan. In the resulting file, circumcisions were censored such that analysis was restricted to only those that occurred before onset in cases or before age of onset in the matched case for controls. The effect of topical antibiotics in circumcision wounds was then evaluated. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, circumcision before onset posed a significant risk for NNT (matched odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2-8.0). The risk of NNT in those circumcised before onset and treated with topical antibiotics did not differ significantly from the referent group who had not been circumcised before onset (matched OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.2-6.8), whereas the lack of topical use was associated with significant risk (matched OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.4-12.6). This suggests that topical antibiotics are likely to be highly effective in preventing NNT from circumcision wounds. We estimated an overall risk of about 16 fatal NNT cases per 1000 live boy births with circumcision wounds that were not protected by topical antibiotics, and that circumcision and umbilical wounds each accounted for about half of this overall risk in these boys. CONCLUSIONS: Topical antibiotics should be routinely applied to all wounds created by traditional circumcisions, to prevent NNT and sepsis from these frequently unsterile procedures. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country in South Asia and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
'Afghanistan' is a country and not a medical term or condition. It is located in Central Asia and is bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, and the Arabian Sea. The country has a complex history with ongoing political and security challenges. If you are looking for information related to medical tourism or healthcare in Afghanistan, I can provide some general insights. However, please note that the medical facilities and services in Afghanistan may not be comparable to those in developed countries due to various factors such as infrastructure, resources, and expertise.
Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus that invades the body through the mouth, usually from contaminated water or food. The virus multiplies in the intestine and can invade the nervous system, causing paralysis.
The medical definition of Poliomyelitis includes:
1. An acute viral infection caused by the poliovirus.
2. Characterized by inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord (poliomyelitis), leading to muscle weakness, and in some cases, paralysis.
3. The disease primarily affects children under 5 years of age.
4. Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route or, less frequently, by respiratory droplets.
5. The virus enters the body via the mouth, multiplies in the intestines, and can invade the nervous system.
6. There are three types of poliovirus (types 1, 2, and 3), each capable of causing paralytic polio.
7. Infection with one type does not provide immunity to the other two types.
8. The disease has no cure, but vaccination can prevent it.
9. Two types of vaccines are available: inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV).
10. Rare complications of OPV include vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs).
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geographic mapping" is not a medical term or concept. Geographic mapping typically refers to the process of creating maps that represent geographical features, locations, and spatial data. In a broader context, it can also refer to the visual representation of data related to specific geographical areas, such as disease prevalence or health outcomes across different regions.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, please provide more information so I can offer a relevant response.
The term "developing countries" is a socio-economic classification used to describe nations that are in the process of industrialization and modernization. This term is often used interchangeably with "low and middle-income countries" or "Global South." The World Bank defines developing countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $12,695.
In the context of healthcare, developing countries face unique challenges including limited access to quality medical care, lack of resources and infrastructure, high burden of infectious diseases, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. These factors contribute to significant disparities in health outcomes between developing and developed nations.
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral (OPV) is a vaccine used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). It contains live attenuated (weakened) polioviruses, which stimulate an immune response in the body and provide protection against all three types of wild, infectious polioviruses. OPV is given by mouth, usually in drops, and it replicates in the gastrointestinal tract, where it induces a strong immune response. This response not only protects the individual who receives the vaccine but also helps to stop the spread of poliovirus in the community, providing indirect protection (herd immunity) to those who are not vaccinated. OPV is safe, effective, and easy to administer, making it an important tool for global polio eradication efforts. However, due to the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is recommended for routine immunization in some countries.
Pakistan
Gallup Pakistan
Kapurpur, Pakistan
Harand, Pakistan
Pakistan Zindabad
Pakistan Link
Lok, Pakistan
Wanna, Pakistan
Hangu, Pakistan
Mustaqbil Pakistan
Sluice, Pakistan
Warid Pakistan
Behali, Pakistan
Mithapur, Pakistan
Wam, Pakistan
Chida, Pakistan
Khairabad, Pakistan
Kharan, Pakistan
Kamalpur, Pakistan
Secret Pakistan
Pakistan Declaration
Kaman, Pakistan
Bhikhi, Pakistan
Bhuttar, Pakistan
China, Pakistan
Khalilabad, Pakistan
Chakora, Pakistan
Pakistan Secretariat
Emaar Pakistan
Manpur, Pakistan
Pakistan - Wikipedia
Pakistan Intercountry Adoption Information
National Bank of Pakistan
Weather for Quetta, Pakistan
ALI WELFARE ORGANIZATION(PAKISTAN) - Idealist
Cross-Channel Marketing | Oracle Pakistan
Pakistan Airstrikes Kill 13 Militants
Pakistan | Green Left
Pakistan in chains
Pakistan Seeks Talks With Opposition
Debating Pakistan's future
Pakistan's Bhutto, Musharraf agree on accord
Musharraf's Return To Pakistan: Why Now?
Pakistan Independence Day - United States Department of State
Inclusive Pakistan
Human rights in Pakistan Amnesty International
CIA Pulls Its Chief From Pakistan
Pakistan: ally or adversary? - Foreign Policy
Dust Storm over India and Pakistan
Logistics Consulting | DHL | Pakistan
Announcement - Pakistan - DAWN.COM
International - Pakistan - Gulf Times
LabourStart - Pakistan
Pakistan | Sharks
Pakistan Can't Afford China's 'Friendship' - Foreign Policy
What Next for China-Pakistan Relations? | RAND
Pakistan Latest News | Yorkshire Post
The Indo-Pakistan Wars - WorldAtlas
BBC NEWS | South Asia | Pakistan-Israel in landmark talks
20232
- In 2023, President of Pakistan Arif Alvi conferred the Nishan e Pakistan on His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin in a special investiture ceremony in Aiwan e Sadr , Islamabad . (wikipedia.org)
- CDC helped Pakistan complete the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) in 2023. (cdc.gov)
India and Pakistan12
- India and Pakistan maintain a strong military presence on both sides of the border. (state.gov)
- Dust plumes form semicircles and swirls along the border of India and Pakistan on May 25, 2009. (nasa.gov)
- A veil of dust blurs the surface of the Thar Desert on the border between India and Pakistan in this photo-like image taken on April 20, 2010. (nasa.gov)
- The Wagah border between India and Pakistan.Editorial credit: mimmikhail / Shutterstock.com. (worldatlas.com)
- India and Pakistan share a long history that dates back to their time under British rule. (worldatlas.com)
- All of these events have helped to form the often hostile relationship between India and Pakistan. (worldatlas.com)
- Shortly after gaining independence, India and Pakistan went to war in what is called the First Kashmir War. (worldatlas.com)
- The Indo-Pakistan War of 1947 was the first of many wars between India and Pakistan. (worldatlas.com)
- Both India and Pakistan, however, claimed to have won the war and felt that the US and Britain had not supported their positions. (worldatlas.com)
- In January 1966, India and Pakistan signed the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty, in which they agreed to return conquered territories, remove troops, and return to the borders established in 1949. (worldatlas.com)
- Some say this decision was prompted by the past relations between India and Pakistan, others say it was to reduce the number of refugees. (worldatlas.com)
- India and Pakistan are the two other countries still with this disease, which is only transmitted to humans when they drink contaminated water from stagnant ponds, cisterns or step wells. (cdc.gov)
Islamic Republic2
- Pakistan (Urdu: پَاکِسْتَان [ˈpaːkɪstaːn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (ISO: اِسْلامی جَمْہُورِی (wikipedia.org)
- Grand Cross of the Order of Pakistan ') is the second grade of the Order of Pakistan, the highest civilian award of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . (wikipedia.org)
Pakistan's7
- For nearly half a century now, since the breakup of Pakistan, challenges have been growing, mainly because of Pakistan's own poor policy choices, and its diminishing national power. (com.pk)
- Many of those who know Pakistan best, including leading Western and Pakistani experts convened by the German Marshall Fund , the Institute for Security and Defense Policy, and the French Ministry of Defense for a transatlantic workshop on Pakistan last weekend, have concluded that key elements of Pakistan's military/intelligence combine were complicit in sheltering bin Laden. (foreignpolicy.com)
- China has offered long-time support to Pakistan's missile and nuclear programme , jointly produced the JF-17 fighter , and facilitated the sale of Chinese-built submarines to Pakistan, among many other areas of cooperation. (rand.org)
- Meanwhile, the leader of the six-party alliance of Islamic parties in Pakistan told the BBC news website that the meeting went "against Pakistan's national interest as well as state policy. (bbc.co.uk)
- A spokesman for Pakistan's foreign ministry said Pakistan will only recognise Israel when a state of Palestine has been created with Jerusalem as its capital. (bbc.co.uk)
- Fortunately, Pakistan's "comeback kid" is a pragmatist-and he knows that Pakistan depends on billions in U.S. aid. (theweek.com)
- Nearly 260,000 volunteers and workers fanned out across Pakistan in an effort to vaccinate every child below the age of five in a week-long campaign, Pakistan's national coordinator on polio, Mohammad Safdar, said. (medscape.com)
People's Party2
- It came after a day of frantic negotiations in Islamabad and in London where two-time prime minister Bhutto held talks with key members of her Pakistan People's Party. (smh.com.au)
- He trounced the ruling Pakistan People's Party, led by President Asif Ali Zardari, widower of slain ex-leader Benazir Bhutto, as well as the insurgent party of anti-corruption crusader and former cricket star Imran Khan. (theweek.com)
Lahore1
- LAHORE, Pakistan (Reuters) - Twenty people were tortured and then murdered with clubs and knives at a Pakistani Sufi shrine, the police said on Sunday, in an attack purportedly carried out by the shrine's custodian and several accomplices. (yahoo.com)
Pakistani5
- We enjoy robust cooperation in many sectors, from the tens of thousands of Pakistani exchange students who have come to the United States to the 77 million COVID-19 vaccine doses we have committed to Pakistan through COVAX. (state.gov)
- Hence the argument that one of the best things the West can do for Pakistan is to help the Afghan people build a state that can be a good neighbor to Pakistan - rather than a chronic source of insecurity that tempts Pakistani adventurism. (foreignpolicy.com)
- Abbottabad, PAKISTAN: Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Major General Liu Minjiang (C) and Pakistani Major General Mohsin Kamal (behind flag) stand during the opening ceremony of the ten day Pakistan-China anti-terrorist military exercise in Abbottabad, 11 December 2006. (foreignpolicy.com)
- Pakistan attaches great importance to Israel ending its occupation of Gaza," Pakistani Foreign Minister Khurshid Kasuri said at a news conference after the talks. (bbc.co.uk)
- Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in a historical speech, is on record to have simply and plainly stated that Pakistan has come into existence and everyone living and breathing within its geographical and territorial limits is a Pakistani first and foremost than being Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus, Christians or any other religious or faith. (com.pk)
20172
- WorldSkills Pakistan joined us in 2017. (worldskills.org)
- The Islamic State group (IS) claimed the attack, the deadliest to hit Pakistan so far in 2017. (cnn.com)
Muslim League6
- Spurred by the Pakistan Movement, which sought a homeland for the Muslims of British India, and election victories in 1946 by the All-India Muslim League, Pakistan gained independence in 1947 after the Partition of the British Indian Empire, which awarded separate statehood to its Muslim-majority regions and was accompanied by an unparalleled mass migration and loss of life. (wikipedia.org)
- His party, the All Pakistan Muslim League, has confirmed that Musharraf will be at the helm as campaigning for the May 11 polls begins. (rferl.org)
- Activists of the All Pakistan Muslim League watch in Karachi as Musharraf speaks to reporters about his return from self-imposed exile on March 1. (rferl.org)
- Musharraf stepped down as president in 2008 after the Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid-e Azam, the party he was allied with, lost parliamentary elections and the newly appointed civilian government threatened him with impeachment. (rferl.org)
- According to All Pakistan Muslim League Secretary-General Muhammad Ali Saif, those fears have subsided. (rferl.org)
- The head of the governing Pakistan Muslim League party recently said the Arab world would benefit from Pakistan and Israel establishing relations. (bbc.co.uk)
Faisalabad1
- ture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. (cdc.gov)
Imran Khan4
- Pakistan: Imran Khan arrested, what next? (greenleft.org.au)
- Arrest of Imran Khan Signals Corrupt Authoritarian Order The illegitimate Sharif government makes a final stab into the body politics of Pakistan. (countercurrents.org)
- Imran Khan, a cricketer-turned politician, former Prime Minister of Pakistan is found openly alleging the US administration for the fall of his elected government. (countercurrents.org)
- Pakistan has been rocked by demonstrations throughout the country since the ouster of former Prime Minister Imran Khan from power. (countercurrents.org)
Afghanistan8
- Officials in Pakistan say military jets pounded suspected Taliban hide-outs Sunday in a restive tribal area bordering Afghanistan, killing at least 13 suspected militants. (voanews.com)
- He or she also operates as a de facto military commander in the U.S. war against Al-Qaeda and other militant groups hidden along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. (rferl.org)
- In the early 1990s, after a close partnership with Islamabad to defeat the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the United States slapped sanctions on Pakistan and effectively walked away. (foreignpolicy.com)
- This would include rapidly drawing down NATO forces in Afghanistan, giving Pakistan the lead role in shaping an Afghan political settlement, and using American leverage to force India to come to terms with its quarrelsome neighbor. (foreignpolicy.com)
- In December, Beijing hosted the first trilateral summit between China, Pakistan and Afghanistan to promote talks between Pakistan and Afghanistan. (rand.org)
- Beijing, however, also worries that Islamic extremist groups operating in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan could pose a threat to China's neighbouring Xinjiang province , with potentially destabilising effects. (rand.org)
- CDC also partners with the Polio HUB in Amman, Jordan, which provides technical and analytic support in Pakistan and Afghanistan. (cdc.gov)
- Pakistan is one of only three countries in the world, along with Afghanistan and Nigeria, that suffers from endemic polio, a childhood virus that can cause paralysis or death. (medscape.com)
Economic Corridor2
- In recent months, the Chinese-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has left Pakistanis emboldened, Indians angry, and U.S. analysts worried. (foreignpolicy.com)
- This has won support from Pakistan, as demonstrated by Beijing's success in the implementation of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor -the flagship programme of the Belt and Road Initiative. (rand.org)
20212
19993
- The agreement gives an amnesty for politicians who served in Pakistan between 1988 and 1999, effectively clearing opposition leader Bhutto of the corruption charges that forced her into exile eight years ago. (smh.com.au)
- Officials said the amnesty agreement would not apply to ex-prime minister Nawaz Sharif, whom Musharraf ousted in a coup in 1999 and who was deported soon after flying back to Pakistan in September. (smh.com.au)
- Pakistan also began to fall apart as a state during this period of isolation from the West, with the result that General Pervez Musharraf's 1999 coup was welcomed by many Pakistanis and Western leaders alike. (foreignpolicy.com)
Floods5
- As Pakistan struggles to respond to catastrophic floods, calls are growing to demand the suspension of the country's external debt repayments, reports Susan Price . (greenleft.org.au)
- Floods have devastated Pakistan, affecting millions of people and incurring huge economic losses. (greenleft.org.au)
- More than 1,700 people have been killed in floods that continue to submerge parts of Pakistan. (countercurrents.org)
- Pakistan has suffered its worst ever floods this year, resulting in over 1700 deaths, nearly 13,000 seriously injured persons and damage estimated at around $40 billon. (countercurrents.org)
- With the COVID-19 pandemic and devastating floods deepening its already poor state of human capital, Pakistan needs to declare emergencies and take bold actions to tackle its health and education challenges. (worldbank.org)
Shuja Nawaz1
- Nevertheless, Shuja Nawaz, the author of 'Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within,' questions whether Musharraf is wise to return. (rferl.org)
Elected a civili1
- Pakistan elected a civilian government in 2008, and in 2010 adopted a parliamentary system with periodic elections. (wikipedia.org)
Bangladesh3
- In 1971, the exclave of East Pakistan seceded as the new country of Bangladesh after a nine-month-long civil war. (wikipedia.org)
- The Bangladesh Liberation War began with East Pakistan declaring independence as Bangladesh . (worldatlas.com)
- India began supporting rebel troops in Bangladesh, in response, Pakistan attacked an Indian military base in December of 1971. (worldatlas.com)
20191
- The Global Laboratory Leadership Program (GLLP) began its first phase in Pakistan in 2019. (cdc.gov)
Taliban2
East Pakistan5
- At this time, the Dominion of Pakistan was divided into West Pakistan and East Pakistan (initially East Bengal). (worldatlas.com)
- East Pakistan felt exploited by West Pakistan, which held the majority of political power. (worldatlas.com)
- In March of 1971, an East Pakistan political party won the election, and West Pakistan chose not to recognize the results. (worldatlas.com)
- This decision led to political unrest in East Pakistan, and West Pakistan responded with military force. (worldatlas.com)
- Title : Survey of the sales of contraceptives by pharmacies of Dacca, East Pakistan Personal Author(s) : Miller, Robert A.;Haider, S. Jahangir;Croley, H. T.;Gustafson, Harold C. (cdc.gov)
20181
- In 2018, Pakistan has had just one polio case, reported last month, Safdar said. (medscape.com)
Programmes2
- It is based on personal experience with dracunculiasis programmes in Ghana, Nigeria and Pakistan. (cdc.gov)
- Beginning in 1986, 1987, and 1988, the Global 2000 Project of the Carter Presidential Center assisted dracunculiasis eradication programmes in Pakistan, Ghana, and Nigeria, respectively, in collaboration with the ministries of health of those countries. (cdc.gov)
Country's1
- For the first time in the country's history, Pakistan has completed a democratic transfer of power from one elected government to another. (theweek.com)
CPEC1
- Ostensibly, CPEC will connect Pakistan to China's western Xinjiang province through the development of vast new transportation and energy infrastructure. (foreignpolicy.com)
Muslims4
- Proponents of this narrative believe that Pakistan is a country solely for Muslims, while considering all other religious minorities as second-class citizens. (com.pk)
- According to the constitution of Pakistan, non-Muslims cannot become the Prime Minister or President of the country. (com.pk)
- These new political borders could not be completely established according to religion, leaving many Hindus in Pakistan and Muslims in India. (worldatlas.com)
- Christian missions in what is now Pakistan originated in the 16th century, proselytizing among Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims. (britannica.com)
Reuters1
- KARACHI, Pakistan (Reuters) - Pakistan launched a nationwide polio vaccination drive on Monday to try to reach 38.7 million children and eradicate the paralyzing and potentially deadly virus in one of the last countries where it is endemic. (medscape.com)
Urdu1
- He added that "Pakistan is both a Persian and Urdu word. (wikipedia.org)
19472
- On August 15, 1947, independence was won, and British India was separated into the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan . (worldatlas.com)
- In October of 1947, Pakistan sent troops to the area in an attempt to gain control of the state. (worldatlas.com)
Wagah1
- The only official Pakistan-India border crossing point for persons who are not citizens of India or Pakistan is in the province of Punjab between Wagah, Pakistan, and Atari, India. (state.gov)
Talks3
- The foreign ministers of Pakistan and Israel have for the first time held publicly acknowledged talks. (bbc.co.uk)
- Mr Shalom told reporters that he hoped the talks would lead to "a full diplomatic relationship with Pakistan as we would like it with all Muslim and Arab countries. (bbc.co.uk)
- Both supported the move to hold talks, Pakistan says. (bbc.co.uk)
Country14
- Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world by area and the second largest in South Asia, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). (wikipedia.org)
- Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Pakistan. (state.gov)
- Review the Country Security Report for Pakistan. (state.gov)
- So, if Pakistan has continued to live dangerously as a heavily indebted country struggling on several counts of human development it is not out of ignorance of those at the helm of affairs. (com.pk)
- Due to this reality, Pakistan is always perceived as an Islamic country that does not accommodate other religious minorities. (com.pk)
- The Dawn Media Group and Julian Assange, Chief Executive of Sunshine Press Productions, the publishing arm of WikiLeaks, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the exclusive first use in Pakistan of all the secret US diplomatic cables related to political and other developments in the country. (dawn.com)
- On the other hand, Beijing certainly does not want to be left holding the bag on Pakistan, an infamously unstable country that has endured three coups and numerous periods of unrest throughout its tumultuous history. (rand.org)
- The Pakistan Meteorological Department says the country has entered stages of meteorological drought (with 40 percent less than expected rainfall), hydrological drought (surface water availability 30 percent less than normal), and agricultural drought (which is severely impacting crop production). (nationalgeographic.com)
- Next to the Roman Catholic church, the Church of Pakistan is the largest Christian body in a country that is 97 percent Muslim. (britannica.com)
- Some of the reasons for this phenomenal growth include the $1.5 billion donation by an Arab country, the success of its Euro Bonds that acquired $2 billion, forthcoming 3G/4G auction, and hopes that IMF will clear its fourth release of the 36-month $6.78 billion loan to Pakistan. (nationmaster.com)
- Saudi Arabia extended a $1.5 billion loan to Pakistan in February so the country could beef up its foreign exchange reserves. (nationmaster.com)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has engaged with partners in Pakistan for more than three decades and placed staff in-country in 2016. (cdc.gov)
- Pakistan has to contend with extra suspicion of immunization drives because of the 2011 U.S. special forces raid inside the country that killed al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, architect of the Sept. 11 attacks on the United States in 2001. (medscape.com)
- Nine (13%) patients from six states (NY [3], CA [2], IL, MD, NJ, and TX) reported that they had not traveled to Pakistan or any other country. (cdc.gov)
20161
- In 2016, a large outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Typhi infections began in Sindh province, Pakistan [1]. (cdc.gov)
Karachi1
- The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PERMA) raided the Karachi-based Mast FM 103, seizing its transmission equipment and halting its broadcasts, according to press reports. (cpj.org)
Terrorism3
- Pakistan is a member of the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, and the Islamic Military Counter-Terrorism Coalition, and is designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States. (wikipedia.org)
- Reconsider travel to Pakistan due to terrorism. (state.gov)
- The immediate vicinity of the India-Pakistan border and the Line of Control due to terrorism and the potential for armed conflict . (state.gov)
America2
- On behalf of the United States of America, I send warm wishes to the people of Pakistan as they celebrate their 75th Independence Day. (state.gov)
- One of the authors said, the U.S. Pakistan relationship was likely to get worse if America does not shift to a strategy of engagement and containment. (c-span.org)
Bhutto1
- Bhutto has vowed to return to Pakistan by October 18. (smh.com.au)
Immunization1
- As a key partner in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative , CDC strengthens polio eradication strategies and immunization activities in Pakistan since 2012. (cdc.gov)
Northwestern2
- Elsewhere in northwestern Pakistan, police say a local journalist was shot dead by security forces late Saturday in Swat Valley when he failed to stop his vehicle, despite warnings. (voanews.com)
- The city is the capital of Kurram Agency - a district in the federally administered tribal areas in northwestern Pakistan. (cnn.com)
Diplomatic3
- Travel by U.S. government personnel within Pakistan is restricted, and additional restrictions on movements by U.S. government personnel outside of U.S. diplomatic facilities may occur at any time, depending on local circumstances and security conditions, which can change suddenly. (state.gov)
- In addition to 75 years of independence, this year also marks 75 years of diplomatic relations between the United States and Pakistan. (state.gov)
- Pakistan has never recognised the state of Israel, but its neighbour India opened diplomatic ties with Israel in 1992. (bbc.co.uk)
Unstable1
- The situation in Pakistan is highly unstable and volatile, writes Farooq Tariq . (greenleft.org.au)
Militant1
- Pakistan suffers from a dismal economy, dire energy shortages, and widespread militant violence. (rferl.org)
Strengthens1
- It not only sends a positive signal to the world beyond Pakistan but also strengthens the bonds within our religiously diverse society. (com.pk)
Sufi2
- Last November, an explosion ripped through another Sufi shrine, the Shah Noorani in southwestern Pakistan, killing at least 52 people. (yahoo.com)
- At least 70 people were killed and hundreds wounded Thursday when a bomb ripped through a revered Sufi shrine in southern Pakistan, officials said, after a series of attacks which have shaken optimism over recent improvements in security. (cnn.com)
Tweet1
- On Tuesday, watching the scene in Pakistan, she posted this tweet: "Looking at tweets as people react to the arrival of coronavirus in their countries, it's a textbook formula. (com.pk)
Pakistanis1
- Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Qamar Javed Bajwa has quite rightly and forcefully reiterated this by saying Pakistan belongs to all Pakistanis without any religion, provincial, tribal, linguistic, ethnic , sectarian or any other identity. (com.pk)
News3
- Meanwhile, outsiders looking for signs that Pakistan is politically stabilizing will find mixed messages at the surface of the news. (forbes.com)
- That's good news for the U.S., said Bruce Riedel in TheDailyBeast.com , since our relations with Pakistan are at "an all-time low. (theweek.com)
- PERMA rules state that private radio stations may only broadcast news from state-sanctioned radio and TV stations in Pakistan. (cpj.org)
Polio1
- Assassination and kidnapping attempts are common, including the targeting of polio eradication teams and Government of Pakistan security service (police and military) personnel. (state.gov)
Dominion1
- Initially a Dominion of the British Commonwealth, Pakistan officially drafted its constitution in 1956, and emerged as a declared Islamic republic. (wikipedia.org)
Tensions2
- He spoke with Green Left 's Federico Fuentes about growing US-China tensions, its impacts on Pakistan and implications for anti-imperialism in the Global South. (greenleft.org.au)
- With tensions high, Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar in August of 1965 and began invading the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. (worldatlas.com)
Decades4
- In the following four decades, Pakistan has been ruled by governments whose descriptions, although complex, commonly alternated between civilian and military, democratic and authoritarian, relatively secular and Islamist. (wikipedia.org)
- For decades enough has been said and written about how Pakistan has fallen far short of the ideals of a just and progressive society at peace with itself. (com.pk)
- What are the implications for China and its decades-long "all-weather" partnership with Pakistan? (rand.org)
- Pakistan has reached middle-income status and made significant progress in reducing poverty over the past two decades. (worldbank.org)
Travelers1
- Infections among travelers to or from Pakistan have been reported globally, including in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Government4
- The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in Pakistan due to the security environment. (state.gov)
- Nishan is awarded to government officials and civilians, including citizens of Pakistan and foreign nationals. (wikipedia.org)
- The Chinese government on Sunday offered an emergency aid worth US$6.2 million to help earthquake victims in Pakistan. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- The main contribution of the study is the increased understanding and insights about issues of values, social aspects, inflation, government size and political norms when considering perceptions of corruption in Pakistan. (lu.se)
Attacks4
- Terrorist groups continue to plot attacks in Pakistan. (state.gov)
- Terrorist attacks continue across Pakistan, with most occurring in Balochistan and KP, including the former FATA. (state.gov)
- While threats still exist, terrorist attacks occur less frequently in major urban areas than other parts of Pakistan. (state.gov)
- There have been more than 110 attacks by unmanned aircraft on Pakistan this year. (rferl.org)
Tobacco2
Oman1
- This form of the condition has been identified in families from several countries, including Turkey, Oman, Pakistan, and Brazil. (medlineplus.gov)
Movement2
- The name Pakistan was coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Movement activist, who in January 1933 first published it (originally as "Pakstan") in a pamphlet Now or Never, using it as an acronym. (wikipedia.org)
- During the 1940s, the Muslim-dominated area of British India joined the fight, beginning the Pakistan Movement with the hope of creating a sovereign Muslim state. (worldatlas.com)
Southwestern1
- In southwestern Pakistan today, a remote-controlled bomb planted on a motorcycle killed a pedestrian and wounded at least four others in a market. (voanews.com)
Editorial1
- Sharif's promise to privatize the electricity sector is just what Pakistan needs, said The Wall Street Journal in an editorial. (theweek.com)
Crisis1
- A lack of rain has forced Pakistan to drain its reservoirs and groundwater supplies, and as these reserves run out, a water crisis looms. (nationalgeographic.com)