The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.
Any of numerous winged hymenopterous insects of social as well as solitary habits and having formidable stings.
Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.
A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.
The capability of producing eggs (OVA) from which young are hatched outside the body. While mostly referring to nonmammalian species, this does include MAMMALS of the order MONOTREMATA.
A suborder of HEMIPTERA, called true bugs, characterized by the possession of two pairs of wings. It includes the medically important families CIMICIDAE and REDUVIIDAE. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
An extensive order of highly specialized insects including bees, wasps, and ants.
A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.
The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
Insects of the suborder Heterocera of the order LEPIDOPTERA.
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult.
Paired sense organs connected to the anterior segments of ARTHROPODS that help them navigate through the environment.
A plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.
Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.
A suborder of chewing lice, in the order PHTHIRAPTERA, that are ectoparasites of poultry and some mammals.
A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.
A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.
The act of feeding on plants by animals.
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
Sexual activities of animals.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.
Collective name for a group of external MECHANORECEPTORS and chemoreceptors manifesting as sensory structures in ARTHROPODS. They include cuticular projections (setae, hairs, bristles), pores, and slits.
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE. This is the source of the familiar cashew nuts, which are heat treated to remove the irritant toxin. Cashew nut shell liquid (frequently abbreviated as CNSL) is a major source of alkenyl phenolic compounds, especially ANACARDIC ACIDS, cardol, and cardanol.
Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.
A suborder of chewing lice, in the order PHTHIRAPTERA, that are parasites of birds and mammals.
A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).
A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. It is the source of the familiar fig fruit and the latex from this tree contains FICAIN.
The number of offspring produced at one birth by an oviparous or ovoviviparous animal.
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.
A family of insect viruses isolated from endoparasitic hymenopteran insects belonging to the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The two genera are Ichnovirus and Bracovirus.
A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Species of this genus have been used in traditional medicine but they contain aristolochic acid which is associated with nephropathy. These are sometimes called 'snakeroot' but that name is also used with a number of other plants such as POLYGALA; SANICULA; ASARUM; ARISTOLOCHIA; AGERATINA; and others.
Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.
An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.
Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.
Ducts that serve exclusively for the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the exterior of the body. In non-mammals, they are termed oviducts. In mammals, they are highly specialized and known as FALLOPIAN TUBES.
A large order of insects comprising the butterflies and moths.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Folin is the water-soluble extract from Sasa albomarginata. Sasa kurinensis is an ingredient of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine.
A plant genus of the family Gentianaceae whose members contain SECOIRIDOIDS and have been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE for suppressing INFLAMMATION.
Family of spider MITES, in the superfamily Tetranychoidea, suborder Trombidiformes.
Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.
A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.
The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.

The crayfish plasma clotting protein: a vitellogenin-related protein responsible for clot formation in crustacean blood. (1/908)

Coagulation in crayfish blood is based on the transglutaminase-mediated crosslinking of a specific plasma clotting protein. Here we report the cloning of the subunit of this clotting protein from a crayfish hepatopancreas cDNA library. The ORF encodes a protein of 1,721 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 15 amino acids. Sequence analysis reveals that the clotting protein is homologous to vitellogenins, which are proteins found in vitellogenic females of egg-laying animals. The clotting protein and vitellogenins are all lipoproteins and share a limited sequence similarity to certain other lipoproteins (e.g., mammalian apolipoprotein B and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) and contain a stretch with similarity to the D domain of mammalian von Willebrand factor. The crayfish clotting protein is present in both sexes, unlike the female-specific vitellogenins. Electron microscopy was used to visualize individual clotting protein molecules and to study the transglutaminase-mediated clotting reaction. In the presence of an endogenous transglutaminase, the purified clotting protein molecules rapidly assemble into long, flexible chains that occasionally branch.  (+info)

Estrogen induction of VLDLy assembly in egg-laying hens. (2/908)

The yolk of a 60-g chicken egg contains 6 g of triacylglycerols transported to the oocyte from the liver of the laying hen in apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing particles. With the onset of egg production, estrogen shifts hepatocytic lipoprotein production from generic VLDL to VLDLy (yolk targeted). These VLDLy are triacylglycerol-rich particles; they are reduced in size by one half, are resistant to lipoprotein lipase and are taken up intact by oocyte receptors. The VLDLy pathway for apoB provides sufficient energy for the caloric requirements of chick development. VLDLy size reduction occurs in spite of surplus liver triacylglycerols and is necessary for VLDL particles to pass through the granulosa basal lamina and reach the receptors located on the oocyte surface. New ultrastructural data show that some proximal tubule cells of bird kidney secrete generic VLDL, perhaps providing energy and other VLDL-associated nutrients to tissues bypassed by VLDLy. Birds are an apoB100-only species, providing a natural in vivo model with which to investigate mechanisms of apoB100 VLDL assembly. Preliminary studies of liver lipoprotein assembly intermediates isolated from the biosynthetic membranes (endoplasmic reticulum) of the laying hen are consistent with the presence of both putative first- and second-step precursor particles of VLDLy. These findings suggest that the two-step mechanism of apoB core lipidation is an ancient development in apoB biology, handed down to mammals from oviparous ancestors.  (+info)

The effects of age and sex steroids on the macrophage population in the ovary of the chicken, Gallus domesticus. (3/908)

The role of macrophages in the function of the hen ovary has not yet been described, although these cells may be an important regulator of ovarian function in mammals. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the frequency of macrophages during ageing and follicular atresia, and the effects of sex steroids on the macrophage population in the hen ovary. Cryostat sections of ovarian tissues of immature, young laying and old laying hens and those of immature hens treated with or without diethylstilboestrol (DES) or progesterone were immunostained for macrophage cells using mouse anti-chicken macrophage monoclonal antibody. Macrophages were observed under a light microscope and counted using a computer assisted image analyser. The frequency of macrophages in both the stroma and theca of primary follicles was significantly greater in young laying hens than in immature and old laying hens and these cells were more frequent in old laying hens than in immature hens (P < 0.01). Macrophages were more frequent in atretic follicles than in normal follicles (P < 0.01). The number of macrophages in both the stroma and theca of primary follicles of DES-treated birds was significantly greater than in those of progesterone-treated and control birds (P < 0.01). Progesterone had no significant effect on the population of macrophages. These results suggest that macrophages in the ovary increase in association with sexual maturation of birds and atresia of follicles and decrease during ageing. Oestrogen may be one of the factors that affect the population of macrophages in the hen ovary.  (+info)

Effect of long-term food restriction on pituitary sensitivity to cLHRH-I in broiler breeder females. (4/908)

The effect of long-term food restriction on the sensitivity of the pituitary to exogenously administered chicken luteinizing hormone releasing hormone I (cLHRH-I) was investigated in three groups of broiler breeder females fed ad libitum, fed a restricted quantity of food or fed a restricted quantity of food to obtain an intermediate body weight between those of the first two groups. At 16 weeks of age, basal FSH release was higher in ad libitum fed birds, culminating in ovarian development and subsequent oestradiol production by the small follicles. At this age, LH secretion was independent of ovarian feedback factors. In all groups, cLHRH-I was most active in releasing LH in intact and ovariectomized animals and, to a lesser extent, in releasing FSH in ovariectomized birds. At 39 weeks of age, basal FSH concentrations were similar among intact animals of all groups, whereas LH concentrations differed among groups, with higher values in the restricted birds. This food effect was enhanced in ovariectomized birds. Furthermore, the high response to cLHRH-I in the ovariectomized, restricted birds compared with the ad libitum, ovariectomized group suggests an improved sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. In conclusion, birds fed ad libitum showed the highest responsiveness to ovarian factors and to cLHRH-I in releasing FSH in the period before sexual maturity. No effect of amount of feeding could be observed for LH. However, during the egg laying period, LH release by cLHRH-I was highly dependent on amount of feeding and on ovarian feedback regulation. This finding indicates that the amount of feeding can modify the sensitivity of the pituitary to cLHRH-I, and possibly to gonadal hormones, during the laying period.  (+info)

Quantitative estimates of cytoplasmic and nuclear oestrogen receptors in chick oviduct. Effect of oestrogen on receptor concentration and subcellular distribution. (5/908)

(3H)Oestradiol exchange techniques were developed for the determination of specific oestrogen receptor site concentrations in the cytoplasm and nuclei of chick oviduct cells. Non-labelled, receptor-bound oestrogens were exchanged with (3H)oestradiol during a 24-h incubation at 20 degrees C, 2 h at 30 degrees C or 45 min at 3 degrees C. Both "soluble" and "insoluble" nuclear receptors were stable for at least 6 h at 30 degrees C and 3 degrees C but a proportion (approx. 30%) of cytoplasmic sites from withdrawn chickens were inactivated after 2 h at 20 degrees C. The magnum of 4-week-old immature chickens (weight = 15 mg) contained 0.20 pmol of oestrogen receptor which corresponds to 4275 receptor sites/cell, when it is assumed that all magnum cells have equal concentrations of receptor. In primarily stimulated chickens of similar age which had received 10x1 mg of oestradiol benzoate/day, the magnum weighed approximately 800 mg and contained 8.65 pmol of oestrogen receptor (4610 sites/cell). Withdrawal from primary oestrogenic stimulation for 3-6 weeks resulted in a 110 mg magnum which contained 1.20 pmol of receptor (2225 sites/cell). Oviducts from immature and withdrawn chickens had the majority (73-77%) of their oestrogen receptors sites in the receptor sites in the cytoplasmic fraction, while in primary stimulated chicken oviducts the majority (82%) of receptor sites were located in the nucleus. A single secondary injection of oestradiol, to oestrogen-withdrawn chickens, resulted in apparent translocation of cytoplasmic receptors to the nucleus during the first hour after injection. The magnitude of the decline in cytoplasmic receptor, and the concurrent increase in nuclear receptor concentration, was dose-dependent between 2 and 100 mug oestradiol/kg body weight. Larger doses of oestradiol up to 1 mg/kg did not increase the concentration of nuclear receptor above the maximum level seen at 100 mug oestradiol/kg. The initial rapid accumulation of nuclear receptor sites was followed by a period of progressive decline. The initial rapid accumulation of nuclear receptor sites was followed by a period of progressive decline. By 15 h after an injection of 100 mug oestradiol/kg, the concentration of nuclear sites had reached pre-injection levels. During the same time period, the depleted cytoplasmic receptor levels were replenished such that they reached control values by 12 h and were about 150% of the pre-injection level at 24 h.  (+info)

Control of oocyte maturation in sexually mature Drosophila females. (6/908)

In many sexually mature insects egg production and oviposition are tightly coupled to copulation. Sex-Peptide is a 36-amino-acid peptide synthesized in the accessory glands of Drosophila melanogaster males and transferred to the female during copulation. Sex-Peptide stimulates vitellogenic oocyte progression through a putative control point at about stage 9 of oogenesis. Here we show that application of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene mimics the Sex-Peptide-mediated stimulation of vitellogenic oocyte progression in sexually mature virgin females. Apoptosis is induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in nurse cells of stage 9 egg chambers at physiological concentrations (10(-7) M). 20-Hydroxyecdysone thus acts as an antagonist of early vitellogenic oocyte development. Simultaneous application of juvenile hormone analogue, however, protects early vitellogenic oocytes from 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced resorption. These results suggest that the balance of these hormones in the hemolymph regulates whether oocytes will progress through the control point at stage 9 or undergo apoptosis. These data are further supported by a molecular analysis of the regulation of yolk protein synthesis and uptake into the ovary by the two hormones. We conclude that juvenile hormone is a downstream component in the Sex-Peptide response cascade and acts by stimulating vitellogenic oocyte progression and inhibiting apoptosis. Since juvenile hormone analogue does not elicit increased oviposition and reduced receptivity, Sex-Peptide must have an additional, separate effect on these two postmating responses.  (+info)

Egg laying is delayed but worm fecundity is normal in SCID mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni with or without recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment. (7/908)

Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID mice) lack functional B and T cells. Egg laying by Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum was delayed in SCID mice, but in a matter of weeks worm fecundity was equivalent to that in intact mice. SCID mice formed smaller hepatic granulomas and showed less fibrosis than did intact mice. The reduction in egg-associated pathology in SCID mice correlated with marked reductions in interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, and gamma interferon mRNA expression in the liver. S. mansoni infections were frequently lethal for SCID mice infected for more than 9 weeks, while S. japonicum-infected SCID mice died at the same rate as infected intact mice. We were unable to affect hepatic granuloma formation or egg laying by worms in SCID mice by administration of recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In fact, SCID and BALB/c mice appeared to express nearly equivalent levels of TNF-alpha mRNA in their granulomatous tissues, suggesting that there is little or no deficit in TNF-alpha expression in infected SCID mice. The data indicate that TNF-alpha may be in large part derived from a non-T-cell source. Together, these findings provide little evidence that TNF-alpha alone can reconstitute early fecundity, granuloma formation, or hepatic fibrosis in schistosome-infected SCID mice.  (+info)

Experiments on blocking and unblocking of first meiotic metaphase in eggs of the parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmida, Insecta). (8/908)

The eggs of the parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus, which remain arrested in first meiotic metaphase until oviposition, must be activated in order to develop. The activating agent is oxygen from the air, which enters the egg cell through the micropyle. An exposure shorter than one minute is sufficient to release the blockage. In non-activated (micropyle-less) eggs the first metaphase chromsomes either degenerate or change into an interphase nucleus. This nucleus polyploidizes by endoreduplication, and then either degenerates or multiplies by amitosis. Similarly more generations of nuclei may arise resulting in a chaotic development. These nuclei survive better in the anterior region of the egg. The question of whether the cytoplasmic factors which control nuclear behaviour, also operate in eggs of C. morosus is discussed.  (+info)

Oviposition is a medical/biological term that refers to the process of laying or depositing eggs by female organisms, including birds, reptiles, insects, and fish. In humans and other mammals, the term is not applicable since they give birth to live young rather than laying eggs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "wasps" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Wasps are a type of insect in the order Hymenoptera, and some people can have allergic reactions to their stings. However, there is no medical condition or disease specifically associated with wasps. If you have any specific medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try to help if I can!

"Butterflies" is not a medical term, but rather a colloquial or informal term that is often used to describe a feeling of nervousness or excitement in the stomach. It is thought to be due to the release of adrenaline and the increased heart rate and breathing that can occur when someone is anxious or excited. The sensation may be caused by the contraction of the muscles in the stomach, which can feel like fluttering or flips. This feeling is not a medical condition and does not typically require treatment, but if it is severe or persistent, it may be helpful to speak with a healthcare provider to address any underlying anxiety or stress.

"Aedes" is a genus of mosquitoes that are known to transmit various diseases, including Zika virus, dengue fever, chikungunya, and yellow fever. These mosquitoes are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. They are distinguished by their black and white striped legs and thorax. Aedes aegypti is the most common species associated with disease transmission, although other species such as Aedes albopictus can also transmit diseases. It's important to note that only female mosquitoes bite and feed on blood, while males feed solely on nectar and plant juices.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hemiptera" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic order in the classification of living things, also known as "true bugs." This group includes species such as cicadas, aphids, and bedbugs. If you have a medical term in mind, please provide it so I can give you an accurate definition.

Oviparity is a form of reproduction in which an animal lays eggs with externally developing embryos. The eggs are usually equipped with a protective shell and all the nutrients necessary for the development of the embryo, which allows the female to lay and abandon them, without any further care. This method of reproduction is common in many species of fish, reptiles, insects, and birds.

In oviparous animals, the fertilization of the egg may occur either internally or externally. In internal fertilization, the male deposits sperm directly into the female's reproductive tract, which then travel to the ova and fertilize them. The fertilized eggs are subsequently laid by the female. In external fertilization, the male and female release their gametes (sperm and eggs) into the surrounding environment, where fertilization takes place.

Oviparity is distinct from viviparity, a reproductive strategy in which the embryo develops inside the mother's body and receives nutrients through a placenta. In viviparous animals, such as mammals (excluding monotremes), the young are born live instead of hatching from eggs.

Heteroptera is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in zoology. It refers to a suborder of insects within the order Hemiptera, also known as true bugs. This group includes a wide variety of species, such as bed bugs, assassin bugs, and stink bugs. While Heteroptera is not directly related to human health or medicine, some species can have medical importance as disease vectors or pests.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hymenoptera" is not a medical term. It is a scientific classification in biology, specifically referring to an order of insects that includes sawflies, bees, ants, and wasps. These insects are characterized by having two pairs of membranous wings (except for some species that have only one pair or are wingless) and a slender waist. Some people may have allergic reactions to the venom of stinging Hymenoptera, such as bees and wasps, which can cause medical issues. However, "Hymenoptera" itself is not a medical term.

An ovum is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, produced in the ovaries. It is also known as an egg cell and is released from the ovary during ovulation. When fertilized by a sperm, it becomes a zygote, which can develop into a fetus. The ovum contains half the genetic material necessary to create a new individual.

'Culex' is a genus of mosquitoes that includes many species that are vectors for various diseases, such as West Nile virus, filariasis, and avian malaria. They are often referred to as "house mosquitoes" because they are commonly found in urban environments. These mosquitoes typically lay their eggs in standing water and have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found on all continents except Antarctica. The life cycle of Culex mosquitoes includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Both male and female adults feed on nectar, but only females require blood meals to lay eggs.

A larva is a distinct stage in the life cycle of various insects, mites, and other arthropods during which they undergo significant metamorphosis before becoming adults. In a medical context, larvae are known for their role in certain parasitic infections. Specifically, some helminth (parasitic worm) species use larval forms to infect human hosts. These invasions may lead to conditions such as cutaneous larva migrans, visceral larva migrans, or gnathostomiasis, depending on the specific parasite involved and the location of the infection within the body.

The larval stage is characterized by its markedly different morphology and behavior compared to the adult form. Larvae often have a distinct appearance, featuring unsegmented bodies, simple sense organs, and undeveloped digestive systems. They are typically adapted for a specific mode of life, such as free-living or parasitic existence, and rely on external sources of nutrition for their development.

In the context of helminth infections, larvae may be transmitted to humans through various routes, including ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct skin contact with infective stages, or transmission via an intermediate host (such as a vector). Once inside the human body, these parasitic larvae can cause tissue damage and provoke immune responses, leading to the clinical manifestations of disease.

It is essential to distinguish between the medical definition of 'larva' and its broader usage in biology and zoology. In those fields, 'larva' refers to any juvenile form that undergoes metamorphosis before reaching adulthood, regardless of whether it is parasitic or not.

"Beetles" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to insects belonging to the order Coleoptera, which is one of the largest orders in the class Insecta. Beetles are characterized by their hardened forewings, known as elytra, which protect their hind wings and body when not in use for flying.

There are many different species of beetles found all over the world, and some can have an impact on human health. For example, certain types of beetles, such as bed bugs and carpet beetles, can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some people. Other beetles, like the Colorado potato beetle, can damage crops and lead to economic losses for farmers. However, it is important to note that most beetles are not harmful to humans and play an essential role in ecosystems as decomposers and pollinators.

Host-parasite interactions refer to the relationship between a parasitic organism (the parasite) and its host, which can be an animal, plant, or human body. The parasite lives on or inside the host and derives nutrients from it, often causing harm in the process. This interaction can range from relatively benign to severe, depending on various factors such as the species of the parasite, the immune response of the host, and the duration of infection.

The host-parasite relationship is often categorized based on the degree of harm caused to the host. Parasites that cause little to no harm are called commensals, while those that cause significant damage or disease are called parasitic pathogens. Some parasites can even manipulate their hosts' behavior and physiology to enhance their own survival and reproduction, leading to complex interactions between the two organisms.

Understanding host-parasite interactions is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat parasitic infections, as well as for understanding the ecological relationships between different species in natural ecosystems.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Moths" are not a medical term, but rather they are a group of insects closely related to butterflies. They belong to the order Lepidoptera and are characterized by their scales covering their wings and body. If you have any questions about moths or if you meant to ask something else, please let me know!

Insect vectors are insects that transmit disease-causing pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites) from one host to another. They do this while feeding on the host's blood or tissues. The insects themselves are not infected by the pathogen but act as mechanical carriers that pass it on during their bite. Examples of diseases spread by insect vectors include malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes), Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks), and plague (transmitted by fleas). Proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellent and reducing standing water where mosquitoes breed, can help reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nymph" does not have a medical definition. In general, nymph is a term used in mythology to refer to a minor nature deity typically represented as an attractive maiden or beautiful young woman who animates nature and is often associated with various natural phenomena.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to help if you could provide more information.

Arthropod antennae are the primary sensory organs found in arthropods, which include insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods. These paired appendages are usually located on the head or nearest segment to the head and are responsible for detecting various stimuli from the environment such as touch, taste, smell, temperature, humidity, vibration, and air motion.

The structure of arthropod antennae varies among different groups but generally consists of one or more segments called flagellum or funicle that may be further divided into subsegments called annuli. The number and arrangement of these segments are often used to classify and identify specific taxa.

Insect antennae, for example, typically have a distinct shape and can be thread-like, feathery, or clubbed depending on the species. They contain various sensory receptors such as olfactory neurons that detect odor molecules, mechanoreceptors that respond to touch or movement, and thermoreceptors that sense temperature changes.

Overall, arthropod antennae play a crucial role in enabling these organisms to navigate their environment, find food, avoid predators, and communicate with conspecifics.

Rutaceae is a family of plants in the order Sapindales, also known as the rue or citrus family. It includes aromatic trees and shrubs, with around 150 genera and 2,000 species. Many members of this family are economically important, particularly those in the citrus genus (Citrus spp.), which include oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, and other citrus fruits. These plants contain essential oils that are used in perfumes, flavorings, and traditional medicines. Some other notable members of Rutaceae include rue (Ruta graveolens), a medicinal herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine, and Cascarilla bark (Croton eluteria), which is used to make a bitter tonic.

Biological pest control, also known as biocontrol, is a method of managing or eliminating pests such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases using natural enemies or other organisms. These biological control agents include predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors that regulate pest populations and reduce the need for chemical pesticides. Biological pest control is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs and has minimal impact on the environment compared to traditional pest control methods.

Amblycera is a suborder of small parasitic chewing lice that infest birds and mammals, including humans. These lice are characterized by having a flat body, reduced eyesight (hence the name "amblycera," which means "blunt-eyed"), and specialized claws for grasping feathers or hair. They feed on skin debris, feather parts, and blood from their hosts. Infestations can cause itching, skin irritation, and in severe cases, anemia.

"Plantago" is the genus name for a group of plants commonly known as plantains. There are several species within this genus, including Plantago major (common plantain) and Plantago lanceolata (narrow-leaved plantain), which are found in many parts of the world. These plants have been used in traditional medicine for their alleged healing properties, such as soothing skin irritations, reducing inflammation, and promoting wound healing. However, it is important to note that the medical community's scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and further research is needed before any definitive health benefits can be attributed to Plantago species.

Entomology is the scientific study of insects, including their behavior, classification, and evolution. It is a branch of zoology that deals with the systematic study of insects and their relationship with humans, animals, and the environment. Entomologists may specialize in various areas such as medical entomology, agricultural entomology, or forensic entomology, among others. Medical entomology focuses on the study of insects that can transmit diseases to humans and animals, while agricultural entomology deals with insects that affect crops and livestock. Forensic entomology involves using insects found in crime scenes to help determine the time of death or other relevant information for legal investigations.

Herbivory is not a medical term, but rather a term used in biology and ecology. It refers to the practice of consuming plants or plant matter for food. Herbivores are animals that eat only plants, and their diet can include leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, and other parts of plants.

While herbivory is not a medical term, it is still relevant to the field of medicine in certain contexts. For example, understanding the diets and behaviors of herbivores can help inform public health initiatives related to food safety and disease transmission. Additionally, research on herbivory has contributed to our understanding of the evolution of plant-animal interactions and the development of ecosystems.

'Mosquito Control' is not a medical term per se, but it is a public health concept that refers to the systematic reduction or elimination of mosquito populations through various methods to prevent or minimize the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This multidisciplinary field involves entomologists, ecologists, engineers, and public health professionals working together to manage mosquito habitats, apply insecticides, and educate communities about personal protection measures. By controlling mosquito populations, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting vector-borne illnesses such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, among others.

Sexual behavior in animals refers to a variety of behaviors related to reproduction and mating that occur between members of the same species. These behaviors can include courtship displays, mating rituals, and various physical acts. The specific forms of sexual behavior displayed by a given species are influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

In some animals, sexual behavior is closely tied to reproductive cycles and may only occur during certain times of the year or under specific conditions. In other species, sexual behavior may be more frequent and less closely tied to reproduction, serving instead as a means of social bonding or communication.

It's important to note that while humans are animals, the term "sexual behavior" is often used in a more specific sense to refer to sexual activities between human beings. The study of sexual behavior in animals is an important area of research within the field of animal behavior and can provide insights into the evolutionary origins of human sexual behavior as well as the underlying mechanisms that drive it.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.

However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:

1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.

Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.

Pheromones are chemical signals that one organism releases into the environment that can affect the behavior or physiology of other organisms of the same species. They are primarily used for communication in animals, including insects and mammals. In humans, the existence and role of pheromones are still a subject of ongoing research and debate.

In a medical context, pheromones may be discussed in relation to certain medical conditions or treatments that involve olfactory (smell) stimuli, such as some forms of aromatherapy. However, it's important to note that the use of pheromones as a medical treatment is not widely accepted and more research is needed to establish their effectiveness and safety.

"Sensilla" is a term used in anatomy and physiology, particularly in insects and other arthropods. It refers to the sensory structures or receptors found on the external surface of these organisms, which are responsible for detecting various environmental stimuli such as touch, taste, smell, temperature, and humidity.

These sensilla are often small, hair-like or peg-like projections that contain one or more sensory cells or neurons. They can be found on different parts of the insect body, including the antennae, legs, mouthparts, and cerci. The structure and function of sensilla vary depending on their location and the type of stimuli they detect.

Overall, sensilla play a crucial role in helping insects and other arthropods navigate and interact with their environment, allowing them to respond to various stimuli and make appropriate behavioral decisions.

Reproduction, in the context of biology and medicine, refers to the process by which organisms produce offspring. It is a complex process that involves the creation, development, and growth of new individuals from parent organisms. In sexual reproduction, this process typically involves the combination of genetic material from two parents through the fusion of gametes (sex cells) such as sperm and egg cells. This results in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into a new individual with a unique genetic makeup.

In contrast, asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and can occur through various mechanisms such as budding, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that ensures the survival and continuation of species over time. It is also an area of active research in fields such as reproductive medicine, where scientists and clinicians work to understand and address issues related to human fertility, contraception, and genetic disorders.

Feeding behavior refers to the various actions and mechanisms involved in the intake of food and nutrition for the purpose of sustaining life, growth, and health. This complex process encompasses a coordinated series of activities, including:

1. Food selection: The identification, pursuit, and acquisition of appropriate food sources based on sensory cues (smell, taste, appearance) and individual preferences.
2. Preparation: The manipulation and processing of food to make it suitable for consumption, such as chewing, grinding, or chopping.
3. Ingestion: The act of transferring food from the oral cavity into the digestive system through swallowing.
4. Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food within the gastrointestinal tract to facilitate nutrient absorption and eliminate waste products.
5. Assimilation: The uptake and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells and tissues for energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance.
6. Elimination: The removal of undigested material and waste products from the body through defecation.

Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay between neural, hormonal, and psychological factors that help maintain energy balance and ensure adequate nutrient intake. Disruptions in feeding behavior can lead to various medical conditions, such as malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal motility disorders.

'Anacardium' is the medical term for a genus of trees and shrubs that belong to the family Anacardiaceae. The most well-known species in this genus is Anacardium occidentale, which is commonly known as the cashew nut tree.

The cashew nut grows outside of a fruit called the cashew apple, which is also edible and has various uses in different cultures. The tree's bark, leaves, and sap have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including skin diseases, diarrhea, and fever. However, it's important to note that some parts of the cashew tree, particularly the raw nuts and the sap, contain a caustic resin called urushiol, which can cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals.

In addition to its medicinal uses, Anacardium occidentale is also commercially important as a source of cashew nuts, cashew apple juice, and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which has various industrial applications.

Odorant receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that are primarily found in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons in the nose. These receptors are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odorants, or volatile molecules that we perceive as smells.

Each odorant receptor can bind to a specific set of odorant molecules, and when an odorant binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the generation of an electrical signal in the olfactory sensory neuron. This signal is then transmitted to the brain, where it is processed and interpreted as a particular smell.

There are thought to be around 400 different types of odorant receptors in humans, each with its own unique binding profile. The combinatorial coding of these receptors allows for the detection and discrimination of a vast array of different smells, from sweet to sour, floral to fruity, and everything in between.

Overall, the ability to detect and respond to odorants is critical for many important functions, including the identification of food, mates, and potential dangers in the environment.

Ischnocera is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in the field of biology. It refers to a suborder of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) that primarily parasitize birds and mammals. The lice in this suborder are characterized by having a narrow body shape, which is what "Ischnocera" means in Greek - "slender-tail."

While Ischnocera itself is not a medical term, certain species of lice within this suborder can cause medical issues, such as skin irritation and transmission of diseases, when they infest humans or animals. However, human infestations with bird lice from the Ischnocera suborder are relatively rare and typically occur in environments where birds nest in close proximity to humans, such as attics or chimneys.

Iridoids are a type of naturally occurring compounds that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are characterized by the presence of a cyclopentanoid structure fused to a monoterpene unit. Iridoids have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. Some iridoids also have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

In a medical context, iridoids may be mentioned in relation to their presence in certain medicinal plants or herbs used in traditional medicine, or in research investigating their potential pharmacological properties. However, it is important to note that the use of iridoid-containing plants or supplements should only be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional, as with any medical treatment.

"Ficus" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants, including the fig tree, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Some species of Ficus are used in traditional medicine, but "Ficus" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Clutch size is a term used in biology and ecology, particularly in the study of birds and reptiles, to refer to the number of offspring that a female produces at one time. It is called a "clutch" because the offspring are typically laid or born together and remain together for at least a portion of their development.

For example, a bird that lays four eggs in a single nesting attempt has a clutch size of four. Similarly, a reptile that gives birth to six young at one time has a clutch size of six. Clutch size can vary widely among different species and even within the same species, depending on factors such as the availability of food, the age and experience of the female, and environmental conditions.

Understanding clutch size is important for studying the reproductive biology and life history strategies of animals, as well as for conservation efforts aimed at protecting threatened or endangered species.

'Animal behavior' refers to the actions or responses of animals to various stimuli, including their interactions with the environment and other individuals. It is the study of the actions of animals, whether they are instinctual, learned, or a combination of both. Animal behavior includes communication, mating, foraging, predator avoidance, and social organization, among other things. The scientific study of animal behavior is called ethology. This field seeks to understand the evolutionary basis for behaviors as well as their physiological and psychological mechanisms.

'Insect control' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, it generally refers to the methods and practices used to manage or reduce the population of insects that can be harmful or disruptive to human health, food supply, or property. This can include various strategies such as chemical pesticides, biological control agents, habitat modification, and other integrated pest management techniques.

In medical terms, 'vector control' is a more relevant concept, which refers to the specific practices used to reduce or prevent the transmission of infectious diseases by insects and other arthropods that act as disease vectors (such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas). Vector control measures may include the use of insecticides, larvicides, biological control agents, environmental management, personal protection methods, and other integrated vector management strategies.

Polydnaviridae is a family of viruses that have a unique relationship with parasitic wasps in the order Hymenoptera. These viruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that are integrated into the genome of their wasp hosts and are transmitted vertically from one generation to the next through the eggs.

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) have a complex structure, consisting of multiple circular DNA molecules encapsidated in enveloped particles. They do not replicate in the wasp host but instead are produced in the calyx cells of the wasp's ovary and incorporated into the venom that is injected into the caterpillar or other insect host during oviposition.

Once inside the host, PDVs alter the host's immune system to prevent encapsulation and destruction of the wasp egg, allowing the wasp larva to develop within the host. The PDV genome also encodes various proteins that can manipulate the host's physiology and development, providing nutrients for the developing wasp larvae.

Overall, Polydnaviridae is a fascinating example of a virus-insect symbiosis that has evolved over millions of years to benefit both the wasp and the virus.

"Aristolochia" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Aristolochiaceae, also known as birthworts. These plants are characterized by their unique, pipe-shaped flowers. Some species of Aristolochia contain aristolochic acids, which have been found to be nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. Because of this, the use of these plants in medicinal preparations is generally discouraged or restricted.

In the context of mental health and psychology, "predatory behavior" is not a term that is commonly used as a medical diagnosis or condition. However, it generally refers to aggressive or exploitative behavior towards others with the intention of taking advantage of them for personal gain or pleasure. This could include various types of harmful behaviors such as sexual harassment, assault, stalking, bullying, or financial exploitation.

In some cases, predatory behavior may be associated with certain mental health conditions, such as antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy, which are characterized by a disregard for the rights and feelings of others. However, it's important to note that not all individuals who engage in predatory behavior have a mental health condition, and many people who do may not necessarily exhibit these behaviors.

If you or someone else is experiencing harm or exploitation, it's important to seek help from a trusted authority figure, such as a healthcare provider, law enforcement officer, or social worker.

I must clarify that the term 'pupa' is not typically used in medical contexts. Instead, it is a term from the field of biology, particularly entomology, which is the study of insects.

In insect development, a pupa refers to a stage in the life cycle of certain insects undergoing complete metamorphosis. During this phase, the larval body undergoes significant transformation and reorganization within a protective casing called a chrysalis (in butterflies and moths) or a cocoon (in other insects). The old larval tissues are broken down and replaced with new adult structures. Once this process is complete, the pupal case opens, and the adult insect emerges.

Since 'pupa' is not a medical term, I couldn't provide a medical definition for it. However, I hope this explanation helps clarify its meaning in the context of biology.

Insect repellents are substances that are applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to deter insects from landing or crawling on that surface. They work by masking the scents that attract insects or by repelling them with unpleasant odors. Insect repellents can be chemical-based, such as those containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), picaridin, or IR3535, or they can be natural, such as those containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or citronella. These substances work by interfering with the insect's ability to detect human scent, making it less likely that they will come into contact with the person using the repellent. Insect repellents are an important tool in preventing insect-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and Zika virus.

Oviducts, also known as fallopian tubes in humans, are pair of slender tubular structures that serve as the conduit for the ovum (egg) from the ovaries to the uterus. They are an essential part of the female reproductive system, providing a site for fertilization of the egg by sperm and early embryonic development before the embryo moves into the uterus for further growth.

In medical terminology, the term "oviduct" refers to this functional description rather than a specific anatomical structure in all female organisms. The oviducts vary in length and shape across different species, but their primary role remains consistent: to facilitate the transport of the egg and provide a site for fertilization.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lepidoptera" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic order that includes moths and butterflies, which are insects known for their distinctive wing scales. This term is used in the field of biology, not medicine.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "sasa." It is possible that it could be a typographical error or a slang term. If you are referring to a specific medical condition, please provide more context or check the spelling so I can give you an accurate and helpful response.

"Gentiana" is a term that refers to a genus of plants in the family Gentianaceae. These plants are often characterized by their beautiful, trumpet-shaped flowers and are found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, with some species located in tropical mountains in Africa and South America. The name "Gentiana" comes from the Illyrian king Genius, who is said to have discovered the medicinal properties of this plant.

In a medical context, certain species of Gentiana have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and bitter digestive stimulant properties. For example, Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian) is commonly used in herbal medicine to treat digestive disorders such as loss of appetite, heartburn, and flatulence. However, it's important to note that the use of Gentiana in modern medicine is not well-studied, and more research is needed to establish its safety and efficacy.

It's worth noting that "Gentiana" is primarily a botanical term and is not commonly used as a medical diagnosis or treatment. If you have any health concerns, it's always best to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for advice.

Tetranychidae is a family of mites, also known as spider mites. These are small arachnids that are characterized by the presence of four pairs of legs in their adult stage. They are often found on the undersides of leaves and can feed on plant material, causing damage to crops and ornamental plants. Some species of Tetranychidae are significant agricultural pests.

The term "Tetranychidae" is not typically used in a medical context, as these mites do not pose a direct threat to human health. However, they can cause allergic reactions in some people and may indirectly affect human health by damaging food crops.

Glucosinolates are naturally occurring compounds found in various plants, particularly in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and mustard greens. They are sulfur-containing glucosides that can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase when the plant tissue is damaged, leading to the formation of biologically active compounds like isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles. These breakdown products have been shown to exhibit various health benefits, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. However, excessive intake or exposure may also cause adverse effects in some individuals.

'Culicidae' is the biological family that includes all species of mosquitoes. It consists of three subfamilies: Anophelinae, Culicinae, and Toxorhynchitinae. Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that are known for their ability to transmit various diseases to humans and other animals, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and Zika virus. The medical importance of Culicidae comes from the fact that only female mosquitoes require blood meals to lay eggs, and during this process, they can transmit pathogens between hosts.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pollination" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Pollination is a process in biology, specifically in botany, that refers to the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (anther) of a flower to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of the same or another flower, leading to fertilization and the production of fruits and seeds.

If you have any medical terms or concepts in mind, please provide them so I can offer an accurate definition or explanation.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species of mosquitoes. It is caused by one of four closely related dengue viruses (DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3, or DENV 4). The infection can cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild fever and headache to severe flu-like illness, which is often characterized by the sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and skin rash. In some cases, dengue can progress to more severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and appropriately.

Dengue is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas with poor sanitation and inadequate mosquito control. There is no specific treatment for dengue, and prevention efforts focus on reducing mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites. Vaccines are available in some countries to prevent dengue infection, but they are not widely used due to limitations in their effectiveness and safety.

Klowden MJ (2009). "Oviposition Behavior". In Resh VH, Carde RT (eds.). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. ISBN ...
Oviposition is slow; she takes a few minutes to lay each egg. The eggs are very difficult to find in the field because they are ...
OVIPOSITION AND NEST CONSTRUCTION". Herpetological Review. 47 (1): 119-120. Rowley, J. J. L.; Tran, D. T. A.; Hoang, H. D.; Le ...
Oviposition takes several minutes. The spot of oviposition darkens after one or two days; then, the egg cavity can be detected ... Copulation and oviposition occur in the morning or late afternoon and evening. The female searches for a suitable spot for ... However, the flies reinfest the same walnuts, and even the same oviposition sites, created by individuals of the same species. ... R. juglandis females drag their ovipositors on the husk of the walnut after oviposition, which suggests that they have released ...
OVIPOSITION AND NEST CONSTRUCTION". Herpetological Review. 47 (1): 119-120. ROGNES, KNUT (30 April 2015). "Revision of the frog ...
Females show multiple oviposition. Each egg pod may contain 20-30 eggs and first instars are observed in late December or early ...
Oviposition occurs during the afternoon. Females lay their eggs on the bark or leaves of hostplants in groups of 20 eggs. The ...
After oviposition, the females die, causing lumps of thousands of dead flies and their eggs. The larvae are predators. In fact ... Oviposition begins in early June. The females, after mating, aggregate in large clumps and lay egg masses on tree branches ... a few days after oviposition, the larvae hatch and at first feed on the dead parents. Later, they fall into the water and feed ...
The oviposition occurs in midsummer. Ekkehard Wachmann, Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Wanzen. Band 4: Pentatomomorpha II: ...
In captivity, oviposition dates vary. Tulsa Zoo maintains a small herd of Aldabra tortoises and they have reproduced several ...
For Thuringia, Saxony and Lower Saxony, however, Potentilla species are given as oviposition or host plants. Potentilla ... Oviposition of Pyrgus alveus agg. has been ovserved on Potentilla verna agg. and Helianthemum nummularium in Bavaria. Here ...
Oviposition takes place at night. The female uses her ovipositor to create a small hole in the sand where she deposits the eggs ... Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle, Cicindela d. dorsalis Observations of Oviposition Behavior Among North American Tiger Beetle ( ...
Oviposition occurs in the summer. Larvae hatch from the eggs but do not begin growing immediately. Their growth begins the ...
Oviposition takes place in tandem. It lays elongated eggs in submerged and emergent plants which subsequently hatch after about ...
Cameron, A.E. (1930). Oviposition of Haematopota pluvialis Linne. Nature 126, 601-602. Grayson, A. (2001). Notes on the ...
P. jacobsoni wasps reproduce via oviposition. Egg laying is divided into three stages. First, the female produces a substance ... the substance secreted via the Dufour's gland is vital to brood rearing as well as oviposition and self-grooming. P. jacobsoni ...
In the conifer swift moth, courtship, mating, and egg laying occur during evening hours; only oviposition occurs in the morning ...
I: Oogenesis, oviposition and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 297-355. Bluemink JG (1967). The subcellular structure of ... Besides, calcium is the main component of the eggshell of those snails with aerial oviposition. De Jong-Brink M, Boer HH, Joose ... August 2012). "First proteome of the egg perivitelline fluid of a freshwater gastropod with aerial oviposition". Journal of ...
The time from oviposition to hatching is 20 days at 15 °C and 10 days at 24 °C. The developmental time of nymph-stages is about ... Females build egg cocoons during oviposition. The number of eggs laid is not affected by changes in temperature. The number of ...
oviposition the act of laying eggs. oviscape if part of the ovipositor is visible when not in action, then the basal visible ... koinobiont A form of parasitoidy where the parasitoid lives inside the host while allowing it to live after oviposition. labium ... idiobiont a form of parasitism where the parasitoid paralyzes or leaves the host unable to continue development at oviposition ...
Mating and oviposition lasts until July. The females drill their eggs individually on both sides of the leaves into the tissue ...
Oviposition by founding queens is large, however, only a small percentage reaches the adult stage of the F1 generation, partly ... while oviposition, brood care, and inactivity increase at night. Founding queens prefer sites close to bodies of water; however ... oviposition) is greater. The annual productivity for an established colony (60,000 to 85,000 workers) of L. apiculatum is about ...
They present an ovipositor during oviposition. The species is distributed in European countries such as Finland and Ukraine, to ...
The majority of oophagies are committed by the queen (87.5%). Oviposition is the laying of eggs. Queens lay 83.3% of the eggs ... in pre-emergence colonies, which is a significantly higher rate of oviposition than that of subordinates. Workers were never ...
Childers, C.C. (1997). Lewis, T. (ed.). Feeding and oviposition injuries to plants. pp. 505-538. {{cite book}}: ,work= ignored ...
Oviposition period is only one day. Incubation period is about 24 days. Larval period is about 64 days. Heavy infestations of ... After mating, adult female lays about 18 eggs in clusters of 2, 3 or 4. Pre-oviposition period is about 2 days. Egg laying is ...
This water-soluble pheromone may deter additional oviposition attempts by A. suspensa for at least 6 days. The plant compounds ... Lawrence, Pauline O.; Greany, P. D.; Nation, J. L.; Baranowski, R. M. (1978-03-15). "Oviposition Behavior of Biosteres ... Prokopy, Ronald J.; Greany, P. D.; Chambers, D. L. (1977-06-01). "Oviposition-Deterring Pheromone in Anastrepha suspensa". ... suspensa females have deposit pheromones from anal membranes that deter repeated attempts of oviposition in a fruit. ...
The process of oviposition also interrupts breathing; therefore, the time taken for this process is very important. There are ... Since males do not need to be present for egg deposition, females have full control of oviposition, choosing both location and ... It has been found that larger females experience more success in oviposition because they are able to endure longer periods of ... This is because larger females show increased efficiency in oviposition in comparison to smaller female newts. Such increased ...
The eggs are fertilized during oviposition. The males of some species offer a secretion (nuptial gift) from their chelicerae to ...
Females are not able to breathe during the oviposition process; therefore the benefit to wrapping the eggs outweigh the cost of ... Díaz-Paniagua, Carmen (1989). "Oviposition Behavior of Triturus marmoratus pygmaeus". Journal of Herpetology. 23 (2): 159-163. ...
Researchers showed that isothiocyanates produced by cruciferous plants to fend off pests serve as oviposition cues. The ... Diamondback moth uses plant defense substances as oviposition cues. Date:. September 10, 2020. Source:. Max Planck Institute ... "Diamondback moth uses plant defense substances as oviposition cues." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2020. ... Researchers showed that isothiocyanates produced by cruciferous plants to fend off pests serve as oviposition cues. The ...
Oviposition into the mouth: Rondania dimidiata. Oviposition into the mouth: the case of Rondania dimidiata (Tachinidae) - a ... This way of oviposition may require not only precise finding of the host but also direct exploitation of host activity, in this ... This seems rather unusual even in Tachinidae, that may show very variable and elaborate oviposition behaviour (Stireman et al, ...
Mated females lay eggs after a short pre-oviposition period, with daily oviposition peaking in the first 3 days. Mated females ... Eggs deposited early in the oviposition period are larger than those deposited near the end. This may influence over-winter ... Daily oviposition pattern of Lambdina fiscellaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) under laboratory conditions. 2009. Berthiaume, R ... but their daily oviposition patterns are similar. ...
The goal of this study was to identify the cues that mediate oviposition preference of C. maculatus. First, the oviposition ... The semiochemical cues mediating oviposition preference were then identified using analytical and electrophysiological ...
Video Title: Ayanami Rei Evangelion cosplay - Oviposition. Model Name: Aerytiefling. Video Duration: 11:59 min. Video ... Ayanami Rei Evangelion Cosplay - Oviposition by Aerytiefling Leaked Free. September 10, 2023. by James ...
We examined whether the presence and developmental stage of conspecific egg masses affected the choice of oviposition site by ... CHOICE OF OVIPOSITION SITE BY RANA JAPONICA: ROLE OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE OF CONSPECIFIC EGGS. Herpetologica (2007) 63 (1): ... Oviposition Site Selection by Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) in an Isolated Wetland ...
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I live in Las Vegas but I travel frequently in the southwest, California and in fact around the world. While Las Vegas would seem to be an unusual choice with regards to plants and birds it is an unusually busy place due to Pacific Migration Flyway which comes through Las Vegas. Since this is a desert, the birds are concentrated in the many springs, seeps, lakes and parks in and around Las Vegas, making for really great birding.. ...
The capture efficiencies of the BG-Sentinel trap, CDC light trap and Mosquito-oviposition trap for common vector mosquitoes ... CDC light trap and Mosquito-oviposition trap (MOT) on the capture of vector mosquitoes were comparatively evaluated in this ... Comparison of BG-sentinel(R) trap and oviposition cups for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus surveillance in Jacksonville, ... Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the BG-Sentinel trap, CDC light trap and Mosquito-oviposition trap for the ...
ruby, magic, pregnancy, oviposition, cumshot Its that time of year again~ Ruby received her special-issue Easter dress in the ... tiff, transformation, dragon, fox, pregnancy, oviposition Tiff and her friend Fenn were enjoying a cozy night in together when ... breast-growth, magic, rapid-change, nudity, cock, pregnancy, oviposition, noncon, curse, cumshot, ruby ...
Watch video Loud bad dragon oviposition at free porn site BlauTube. A large selection of XXX content for every taste. ... Tags: oviposition ovipositor bad dragon squirt girl masturbating loud masturbation squirt toys bad dragon dildo ...
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... a role of a lost space wanderer in this O-face studded oviposition hentai thats a continuation of Lily Rays first Oviposition ... OVIPOSITION 2: CANELA SKIN. Canela Skin is taking a role of a lost space wanderer in this O-face studded oviposition hentai ... It has been so long since she got fucked properly, so this alien better steps up and delivers real life oviposition hentai. ... Its a success, he has managed to spread his seed, and its time for the height of kinky oviposition hentai. ...
The aim of this study was to determine the courtship behaviour, mating and oviposition of unmated or mated C. noackae females ... Ten unmated or mated females were placed individually in vials with 10 T. peregrinus eggs each, and oviposition behaviour, ... The aim of this study was to determine the courtship behaviour, mating and oviposition of unmated or mated C. noackae females ... Ten unmated or mated females were placed individually in vials with 10 T. peregrinus eggs each, and oviposition behaviour, ...
Adult Density and Oviposition. The effects of rootstock cultivar on density of B. tabaci adults were found at 2, 5, and 8 DAI ( ... The oviposition of B. tabaci was influenced by cultivar (Table 2). The effects of grafting as well as cultivar × grafting ... In Cucumis melo L., quantitative and qualitative changes in amino acids did not cause variability in oviposition of B. tabaci ... Effects of rootstock cultivar and grafting with Clarabella as a scion on Bemisia tabaci adult density and oviposition. ...
Plant volatiles serve as key foraging and oviposition cues for insect herbivores as well as their natural enemies, but little ... N2 - Plant volatiles serve as key foraging and oviposition cues for insect herbivores as well as their natural enemies, but ... AB - Plant volatiles serve as key foraging and oviposition cues for insect herbivores as well as their natural enemies, but ... abstract = "Plant volatiles serve as key foraging and oviposition cues for insect herbivores as well as their natural enemies, ...
All fanworks within are based on Pokémon. Pokémon © Nintendo/Creatures, Inc./GAME FREAK/The Pokémon Company. All work contained within this website are user-submitted, fan-made contributions. No copyright infringement is intended. ...
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... Tasin, Marco;Lucchi, A.;Ioriatti, Claudio; ... In the present study, we investigated the effects of these volatile and nonvolatile cues on the oviposition behavior of L. ... The results are discussed in relation to the effects of plant sensory cues on the oviposition behavior of L. botrana. ... In the present study, we investigated the effects of these volatile and nonvolatile cues on the oviposition behavior of L. ...
Oviposition is slow; she takes a few minutes to lay each egg. The eggs are very difficult to find in the field because they are ...
Taxonomic and geographic variation in oviposition by tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp) Tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp.) oviposit in ... Taxonomic and geographic variation in oviposition by tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp) Tailed frogs (Ascaphus spp.) oviposit in ...
Vaccination against Bm86 Homologues in Rabbits Does Not Impair Ixodes ricinus Feeding or Oviposition. Haupttitel: Vaccination ... Vaccination against Bm86 Homologues in Rabbits Does Not Impair Ixodes ricinus Feeding or Oviposition. *Einloggen ... against Bm86 Homologues in Rabbits Does Not Impair Ixodes ricinus Feeding or Oviposition ...
Daily oviposition counts were calculated as the percentage of oviposition for each container. Average temperature and Ph ranges ... Oviposition and Breeding Water Sites Preferences of Mosquitoes within Ojo area, Lagos State, Nigeria Volume 7 - Issue 5 ... Daily oviposition and larva in each container were counted daily and recorded. Observations were made on the eggs, larvae and ... In this study, green colour did not serve as a significant colour cue for oviposition for both Anopheles and Culex. There is a ...
... Uticaj veličine čestica ... Pavlovski Z, Vitorović D, Škrbić Z, Vračar S. Influence of limestone particle size in diets for hens and oviposition time on ... There were significant effects of particle size and oviposition time on eggshell quality. Egg mass and shell deformation ... There were significant effects of particle size and oviposition time on eggshell quality. Egg mass and shell deformation ...
Female-derived 20E does not trigger sexual refractoriness but instead licenses oviposition in mated individuals once a 20E- ... Oviposition and remating assays. For oviposition assays, 3-day-old females were blood-fed ad libitum on human blood. Partially ... these results support a model whereby 20E produced after blood-feeding can induce oviposition but only when oviposition blocks ... 5f). Oviposition did not occur if double-stranded Eck2 RNA (dsEcK2) injections were carried out after blood feeding, when the ...
The oviposition behaviour of D. radicum has been recorded in much detail (Schoonhoven et al. 2005; Zohren 1968). Delia radicum ... Leaf herbivory affects oviposition of Delia radicum Female D. radicum flies strongly preferred to lay eggs on plants induced by ... To start the oviposition trial, five gravid D. radicum female flies were collected using an aspirator in a 50 mL tube, which ... 3a, GLMM; χ2 = 19.09, P = 0.0040). There was an effect of leaf herbivore treatments on D. radicum oviposition, and indeed, ...
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Salicin content levels correlate with oviposition preference, suggesting the role of salicylates as oviposition stimulants. 4. ... Host selection, oviposition behaviour and leaf traits in a specialist willow sawfly on species of Salix (Salicaceae). ... This was done as a first step to find oviposition cues that guide females to their host plants. 2. By means of choice and no- ... Here we linked oviposition behaviour of the specialist willow sawfly Nematus oligospilus F¨orster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae ...
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  • Mated females lay eggs after a short pre-oviposition period, with daily oviposition peaking in the first 3 days. (gc.ca)
  • Eggs deposited early in the oviposition period are larger than those deposited near the end. (gc.ca)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the courtship behaviour, mating and oviposition of unmated or mated C. noackae females parasitizing T. peregrinus eggs utilizing the same rearing system used in biological control programmes in Brazil. (unesp.br)
  • Ten unmated or mated females were placed individually in vials with 10 T. peregrinus eggs each, and oviposition behaviour, percentage of eggs inserted and parasitized, viability and sex ratio of emerged C. noackae were recorded. (unesp.br)
  • All the this Inseminated by Aliens - Oviposition of Actual Anime Damsel with ejecting Eggs free-for-all pornography is awaiting you. (hentagon.com)
  • Results were evaluated in terms of 2 parameters: quantity of eggs laid (egg counts) and preference for the stimulus (ODI: oviposition discrimination index). (fmach.it)
  • Oviposition deterrent from eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus: spacing mechanism or artifact. (academicjournals.org)
  • Pomacea maculata showed higher mating frequency, oviposition duration and eggs per clutch, whereas egg diameter was higher in P. canaliculata. (entomoljournal.com)
  • In parasitoid species that develop on host eggs, one of these strategies consists in the exploitation of oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs), specific blends of volatile organic compounds released by plants in response to egg deposition by herbivorous insects. (unipg.it)
  • The citrus fruit is an ideal oviposition substrate for the flies because the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardii, which lays its eggs inside Drosophila larvae, is repelled by the odour of citrus. (mpg.de)
  • The act of laying eggs is called oviposition. (petplace.com)
  • Between 2 and 3 months are required from ingestion of the infective eggs to oviposition by the adult female. (cdc.gov)
  • The semiochemical cues mediating oviposition preference were then identified using analytical and electrophysiological techniques. (confex.com)
  • The goal of this study was to identify the cues that mediate oviposition preference of C. maculatus . (confex.com)
  • First, the oviposition preference of C. maculatus on different seed legumes was investigated using four-choice olfactometer bioassays. (confex.com)
  • We studied how six different leaf-chewing herbivore species of Brassica oleracea plants affected oviposition preference and larval performance of the root-feeding specialist Delia radicum . (springer.com)
  • Salicin content levels correlate with oviposition preference, suggesting the role of salicylates as oviposition stimulants. (uchile.cl)
  • 4. Results suggest that oviposition preference on S. nigra may be related to lower leaf toughness and ease of injection of female saw-like ovipositor, and motivated by the presence of phenolic glycosides. (uchile.cl)
  • Benefits of Heterogeneous Habitat: Oviposition Preference and Immature Performance of Lycaeides melissa samuelis Nabokov (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). (thenabokovian.org)
  • Methods】 The oviposition preference of O. furnacalis to host plants including Polygonum lapathifolium , Abutilon theop hrasti , Humulus scandens, Zea mays and Echinochloa crusgalli was screened, respectively, in field oviposition test and indoor wind tunnel behavioral test. (insect.org.cn)
  • In the wind tunnel bioassay, the adults showed an obvious oviposition preference to H. scandens . (insect.org.cn)
  • Conclusion】 There are significant differences in oviposition preference of female adults of O. furnacalis to different hosts. (insect.org.cn)
  • To identify a suitable surveillance tool for the adult dengue vector Aedes albopictus , the efficacy of the BG-Sentinel trap, CDC light trap and Mosquito-oviposition trap (MOT) on the capture of vector mosquitoes were comparatively evaluated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The capture efficiencies of the BG-Sentinel trap, CDC light trap and Mosquito-oviposition trap for common vector mosquitoes were tested in a laboratory setting, through the release-recapture method, and at two field sites of Guangzhou, China from June 2013 to May 2014. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, the commonly used methods in surveillance programmes to collect adult mosquitoes in China include the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap, Mosquito-oviposition trap (MOT) and human landing catches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work investigates preferred mosquito breeding water sites, physicochemical factors and colour cues influencing oviposition and development of mosquitoes. (biomedres.us)
  • Investigations were carried out on the preferred oviposition and breeding water sites of mosquitoes in the wild during the rainy season. (biomedres.us)
  • High indole dosages have been demonstrated to repel the oviposition of mosquitoes such as Toxorhynchites spp. (vimsensorshop.com)
  • Lactic acid bacteria waste infusion as a source of attraction and oviposition stimulation of gravid female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The scientists identified two olfactory receptors whose sole function is to detect these defense substances and to guide the moths to the ideal oviposition sites. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Indole alone does not mediate oviposition in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) [18] and Ae. (vimsensorshop.com)
  • Plant volatiles serve as key foraging and oviposition cues for insect herbivores as well as their natural enemies, but little is known about how genetic variation within plant populations influences volatile-mediated interactions among plants and insects. (psu.edu)
  • Plants can recognize insect oviposition via elicitors that trigger OIPVs, but very few elicitors have been characterized so far. (unipg.it)
  • Aim】 To explore the chemical communication mechanism between the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and host plants by identifying the components of volatiles from host plants used by female adults of this insect in searching for oviposition sites. (insect.org.cn)
  • Both oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activity were dose dependent. (bioone.org)
  • The results suggest that the leaf extract of S. trilobatum is an effective oviposition deterrent and skin repellent against An. (bioone.org)
  • To evaluate the ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of five medicinal plant extracts namely Aegle marmelos (Linn. (ophrp.org)
  • Four different concentrations-62.5 parts per million (ppm), 125 ppm, 250 ppm, and 500 ppm-were prepared using acetone and tested for ovicidal and oviposition deterrent activities. (ophrp.org)
  • Infestation by leaf herbivores makes plants more attractive for oviposition by D. radicum females, while decreasing larval performance. (springer.com)
  • This was done as a first step to find oviposition cues that guide females to their host plants. (uchile.cl)
  • We examined effects of the mating disruption formulations on male counts in pheromone traps, mating status in females, and oviposition on egg traps in both crops, whereas effects of these material on NOW damage at harvest is presented for Nonpareil almonds only. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we experimentally explore the relationship between female size and fecundity in the butterfly Pararge aegeria and show that thermally induced time limitation during oviposition may substantially reduce the fecundity benefit of larger females. (lu.se)
  • females need to find an oviposition site, and male fitness depends on the obtained number of matings. (lu.se)
  • Here we linked oviposition behaviour of the specialist willow sawfly Nematus oligospilus F¨orster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with leaf traits on different Salix L. (Salicaceae) genotypes. (uchile.cl)
  • Interestingly, evolution has split the perception of odours into two channels: those that guide flies to their food source and those that elicit the oviposition behaviour. (mpg.de)
  • Oviposition traps gave more variable results. (usda.gov)
  • A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted for 18 months to determine the efficacy of using a combination of gravid oviposition sticky (GOS) traps and dengue non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen for early surveillance of dengue among Aedes mosquito. (um.edu.my)
  • The vector control intervention has four components: (1) Adult mosquito mass trapping using commercial oviposition traps (Gravid Aedes Trap (BG-GAT) and locally produced traps (plastic bottles) constructed by students will be placed in both schools and students' households. (who.int)
  • During the course of fieldwork in Central and South America, we observed oviposition by several species of Sarota (Riodinidae) butterflies. (bioone.org)
  • Moreover, mating and oviposition in both species mostly occurred during night hours. (entomoljournal.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the effects of these volatile and nonvolatile cues on the oviposition behavior of L. botrana. (fmach.it)
  • The results are discussed in relation to the effects of plant sensory cues on the oviposition behavior of L. botrana. (fmach.it)
  • Effectiveness of an automated digital infrared CCTV multi-camera system in investigating mating and oviposition behavior of apple snails, Pomacea spp. (entomoljournal.com)
  • whereas contact chemoreception mediates the stimulation of oviposition after landing. (fmach.it)
  • The main scientific question was, what are the molecular mechanisms on which female Plutella xylostella moths base their choice of the oviposition site? (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here, we explore how inbred and outbred plants from three maternal families of the native weed horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) vary in the emission of volatile organic compounds during the dark phase of the photoperiod, and the effects of this variation on the oviposition preferences of Manduca sexta moths, whose larvae are specialist herbivores of Solanaceae. (psu.edu)
  • Daily oviposition pattern of Lambdina fiscellaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) under laboratory conditions. (gc.ca)
  • Later, Salthe and Duellman (1973), in the context of amphibians, defined RM as a set of characters including oviposition site, ovum and clutch characteristics, rate and duration of development, stage and size of hatchlings, and type of parental care, if any. (froglife.org)
  • Researchers showed that isothiocyanates produced by cruciferous plants to fend off pests serve as oviposition cues. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A research team from the Nanjing Agricultural University in Nanjing, China, and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, showed that isothiocyanates produced by cruciferous plants to fend off pests serve as oviposition cues. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In particular, the source and the nature of the elicitor responsible of egg parasitoid recruitment in the case of plants induced with oviposition by stink bugs are still unknown. (unipg.it)
  • Compounds that activated these particular sensory neurons induced oviposition. (mpg.de)
  • Female-derived 20E does not trigger sexual refractoriness but instead licenses oviposition in mated individuals once a 20E-inhibiting kinase is repressed. (nature.com)
  • We model time-limited oviposition under natural temperature conditions and show that fecundity is also likely to increase asymptotically with female size in the field. (lu.se)
  • They possess the ability to discriminate between different ecological resources, including nectar sources, animal hosts and oviposition sites, a feature mediated by their olfactory system. (vimsensorshop.com)
  • Suitable and sufficient food sources for the hungry larvae and protection against predators and parasites are important selection criteria for the best oviposition substrates. (mpg.de)
  • It's a success, he has managed to spread his seed, and it's time for the height of kinky oviposition hentai. (slimebabe.com)
  • There were significant effects of particle size and oviposition time on eggshell quality. (ac.rs)
  • Egg mass and shell deformation decreased, while shell breaking force, shell thickness and shell mass increased with increasing oviposition time. (ac.rs)
  • Green colour did not serve as a significant cue for oviposition. (biomedres.us)
  • Canela Skin is taking a role of a lost space wanderer in this O-face studded oviposition hentai that's a continuation of Lily Ray's first Oviposition adventure. (slimebabe.com)
  • It has been so long since she got fucked properly, so this alien better steps up and delivers real life oviposition hentai. (slimebabe.com)
  • Honey bees are placed with the young queens to stimulate early oviposition. (clemson.edu)
  • Oviposition into the mouth: the case of Rondania dimidiata (Tachinidae) - a literature survey. (diptera.info)