A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.
Inflammation of the bone.
A condition characterized by focal DYSTONIA that progresses to involuntary spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the legs, trunk, arms, and face. The hands are often spared, however, sustained axial and limb contractions may lead to a state where the body is grossly contorted. Onset is usually in the first or second decade. Familial patterns of inheritance, primarily autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance, have been identified. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1078)
A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.
Syndrome consisting of SYNOVITIS; ACNE CONGLOBATA; PALMOPLANTAR PUSTULOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; and OSTEITIS. The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome.
A slightly movable cartilaginous joint which occurs between the pubic bones.
A bone that forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.
A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the ETHMOID SINUS. It may present itself as an acute (infectious) or chronic (allergic) condition.
A light and spongy (pneumatized) bone that lies between the orbital part of FRONTAL BONE and the anterior of SPHENOID BONE. Ethmoid bone separates the ORBIT from the ETHMOID SINUS. It consists of a horizontal plate, a perpendicular plate, and two lateral labyrinths.
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)
An intraductal carcinoma of the breast extending to involve the nipple and areola, characterized clinically by eczema-like inflammatory skin changes and histologically by infiltration of the dermis by malignant cells (Paget's cells). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Progressive myopathies characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. Sporadic and hereditary forms have been described. The sporadic form is an acquired, adult-onset inflammatory vacuolar myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles. Familial forms usually begin in childhood and lack inflammatory changes. Both forms feature intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in muscle tissue. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1409-10)
A surgical technique used primarily in the treatment of skin neoplasms, especially basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. This procedure is a microscopically controlled excision of cutaneous tumors either after fixation in vivo or after freezing the tissue. Serial examinations of fresh tissue specimens are most frequently done.

Immunoradiometric assay for intact human osteocalcin(1-49) without cross-reactivity to breakdown products. (1/266)

BACKGROUND: Osteocalcin (Oc), a serum marker of bone turnover, circulates in several forms. We developed an assay for intact human Oc and investigated its clinical features. METHODS: We generated goat antibodies and N- and C-terminal Oc. The former was used on solid phase (polystyrene beads), and the latter was used as the tracer in an IRMA. RESULTS: The assay was linear with no cross-reactivity to Oc(1-43), total imprecision (CV) of <10%, and recovery of 100% +/- 10%. Assay values for intact Oc in EDTA plasma samples were unchanged at 18-25 degrees C for 6 h. Values for intact Oc in serum, EDTA plasma, and heparin plasma samples did not change after storage on ice for 8 h. Serum samples from patients with various conditions were stored at -70 or -135 degrees C for up to 5 years and yielded z-scores comparable to an Oc(1-43) IRMA for all conditions except for renal failure. In renal failure, the Oc(1-43) assay values were increased, whereas the intact assay values were in the reference interval. CONCLUSION: Decreases in Oc assay values are inhibited by calcium chelation, and slowed by reduced temperatures. The described assay for intact Oc allows improved specificity for bone compared with an assay for Oc(1-43).  (+info)

Serum galactosyl hydroxylysine as a biochemical marker of bone resorption. (2/266)

BACKGROUND: Serum-based biochemical markers of bone resorption may provide better clinical information than urinary markers because direct comparison with serum markers of bone formation is possible and because the within-subject variability of serum markers may be lower. We describe a method for the measurement of free beta-1-galactosyl-O-hydroxylysine (Gal-Hyl) in serum. METHODS: The assay used preliminary ultrafiltration of serum, dansylation, and separation by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Healthy subjects were recruited from population-based studies of bone turnover. RESULTS: The within-run (n = 15) and between-run (n = 15) CVs were 7% and 14%, respectively, at a mean value of 48 nmol/L. In women and pubertal girls, serum free Gal-Hyl correlated with urine free Gal-Hyl (r = 0.84; P <0.001). Serum Gal-Hyl was higher during puberty and increased after menopause. The fractional renal clearance of free Gal-Hyl relative to that of creatinine was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.98). Serum free Gal-Hyl decreased by 36% (SE = 4%) in 14 patients with mild Paget disease treated with an oral bisphosphonate, and this decrease was significantly (P <0. 001) greater than that seen for either serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (9%; SE = 4%) or serum C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (19%; SE = 8%). CONCLUSION: Serum free Gal-Hyl may be useful as a serum marker of bone resorption.  (+info)

Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling. (3/266)

The skeleton is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. This remodeling is necessary both to maintain the structural integrity of the skeleton and to subserve its metabolic functions as a storehouse of calcium and phosphorus. These dual functions often come into conflict under conditions of changing mechanical forces or metabolic and nutritional stress. The bone remodeling cycle involves a complex series of sequential steps that are highly regulated. The "activation" phase of remodeling is dependent on the effects of local and systemic factors on mesenchymal cells of the osteoblast lineage. These cells interact with hematopoietic precursors to form osteoclasts in the "resorption" phase. Subsequently, there is a "reversal" phase during which mononuclear cells are present on the bone surface. They may complete the resorption process and produce the signals that initiate formation. Finally, successive waves of mesenchymal cells differentiate into functional osteoblasts, which lay down matrix in the "formation" phase. The effects of calcium-regulating hormones on this remodeling cycle subserve the metabolic functions of the skeleton. Other systemic hormones control overall skeletal growth. The responses to changes in mechanical force and repair of microfractures, as well as the maintenance of the remodeling cycle, are determined locally by cytokines, prostaglandins, and growth factors. Interactions between systemic and local factors are important in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis as well as the skeletal changes in hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Local factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of the skeletal changes associated with immobilization, inflammation, and Paget disease of bone.  (+info)

A case of a dog with thickened calvaria with neurologic symptoms: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. (4/266)

A 6-year-old female mongrel dog weighing 9.0 kg was presented ananastatic, with clouding of consciousness, bilateral loss of hearing and depressed reactivity of the eyes to light. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed that the calvaria was markedly thickened with compression to the cerebrum and cerebellum. The case of a dog with thickened calvaria with compression of the cerebrum and cerebellum which could not be diagnosed by conventional measures was amenable to diagnosis by MRI. With increased application of MRI examination, such canine cases might increase in number.  (+info)

Controlled study of the prevalence of radiological osteoarthritis in clinically unrecognised juxta-articular Paget's disease. (5/266)

BACKGROUND: Paget's disease of bone is common and often undiagnosed in the population. The association of Paget's disease and osteoarthritis is well described but only in cases ascertained in secondary and tertiary care centres to which they have been referred largely because of pain. This study represents an attempt to confirm the association between Paget's disease and osteoarthritis in a population previously unknown to have Paget's disease. METHODS: Radiographs of people over 55 years that included the entire pelvis, sacrum, femoral heads and lumbar spine (mostly plain abdominal radiographs) were obtained from hospital records for the period 1993-95. Films were screened by a trained observer and the positive films were reviewed by a consultant radiologist who also examined a 1 in 10 sample of the negative films. A sub-sample of 153 confirmed positive cases were matched for age and sex using cases without Paget's disease and these pairs were assessed by two observers working in tandem. The hip joints were scored 0-5 using a modification of the original descriptive classification of Kellgren and Lawrence and minimum joint space of the hip was also measured. RESULTS: Not all cases were available for assessment. A total of 248 films were included (137 without Paget's, 89 with unilateral and 22 with bilateral disease). The mean age of the cases and controls was 78.4 years and 77.4 years respectively with 66/45 male/female cases and 78/59 male/female controls. One hundred and twenty nine affected hips were available for comparison with 352 unaffected hips. Median joint space narrowing for the affected hip was 3 mm (range, 0-5 mm) and for the unaffected hip 4 mm (range, 0-6 mm, Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.00001). Median Kellgren and Lawrence grade for both groups was 0, with no statistical difference between the groups (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.74). In terms of severity of osteoarthritis, there were 19 instances of grades 2+ in the unaffected hips, and only five in the affected hips. CONCLUSIONS: Pagetic coxopathy is characterised by loss of joint space, which may represent a secondary chondropathy. Although joint failure may result from this secondary chondropathy progression may be dependent on non-Pagetic factors. It is also possible that the usual radiological features of osteoarthritis may be modified or obscured by the Paget's disease.  (+info)

Stabilisation of acute femoral fractures in Paget's disease. (6/266)

Eleven cases of acute femoral fractures in patients with Paget's disease are presented following stabilisation with the solid AO femoral nail. In three cases with severe deformity of the femur, reaming was required to enable implant insertion. No corticotomies were required. The median operation time was 55 (35-65) min. There was no operative mortality and no patient developed signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome/fat embolism. Skeletal stability was achieved in all cases. The reconstruction proximal locking option (spiral blade) was utilised in ten of the eleven cases. In all cases a 9 mm nail was inserted. One patient (pagetic sarcoma) died 23 months after surgery. Ten of the eleven fractures healed uneventfully. The mean time to union was 32 (26-42) weeks.  (+info)

Osteoclasts expressing the measles virus nucleocapsid gene display a pagetic phenotype. (7/266)

Osteoclasts (OCLs) in Paget's disease are markedly increased in number and size, have increased numbers of nuclei per multinucleated cell, and demonstrate increased resorption capacity and increased sensitivity to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), the active form of vitamin D. These cells also contain nuclear inclusions, reminiscent of those seen in paramyxovirus-infected cells, which cross-react with antibodies to measles virus nucleocapsid (MVNP) antigen. To elucidate the role of MV in the abnormal OCL phenotype of Paget's disease, we transduced normal OCL precursors with retroviral vectors expressing MVNP and the MV matrix (MVM) genes. The transduced cells were then cultured with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) for14 or 21 days to induce formation of OCL-like multinucleated cells. The MVNP-transduced cells formed increased numbers of multinucleated cells, which contained many more nuclei and had increased resorption capacity compared with multinucleated cells derived from empty vector-transduced (EV-transduced) and MVM-transduced or normal bone marrow cells. Furthermore, MVNP-transduced cells showed increased sensitivity to 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3), and formed OCLs at concentrations of 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) that were 1 log lower than that required for normal, EV-transduced, or MVM-transduced cells. These results demonstrate that expression of the MVNP gene in normal OCL precursors stimulates OCL formation and induces OCLs that express a phenotype similar to that of pagetic OCLs. These results support a potential pathophysiologic role for MV infection in the abnormal OCL activity and morphology that are characteristic of pagetic OCLs.  (+info)

Short- and long-term effects of ibandronate treatment on bone turnover in Paget disease of bone. (8/266)

BACKGROUND: In Paget disease of bone (PD), serum total alkaline phosphatase (TAP) is a valid marker of disease activity. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to compare TAP with new and potentially more specific markers of bone turnover in bisphosphonate-treated patients with PD. METHODS: Twenty patients with active PD were studied before and after treatment with 2 mg of intravenous ibandronate over a period of 12 months. TAP (by colorimetry), serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP; by enzyme immunoassay), serum osteocalcin (OC; by ELISA), serum bone sialoprotein (BSP; by RIA), and urinary total pyridinoline (PYD; by HPLC) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD; by HPLC) were measured as markers of bone turnover. RESULTS: Before treatment, TAP, BAP, and BSP were increased in all 20 patients, whereas OC was increased in 10, PYD in 13, and DPD in 15 patients. Three months post treatment, nine patients showed normalized TAP values, and a >/=25% re-increase (i.e. , relapse) was observed in all patients after 12 months. A normalization of BAP was achieved in six patients only. No significant changes were found for OC. BSP was decreased significantly at 24 h, and DPD at 48 h post treatment. A normalization of BSP was found in 8, of PYD in 18, and of DPD in 16 cases. Both PYD and DPD increased significantly from 9 months post treatment onward. CONCLUSIONS: Most markers of bone turnover show similar long-term changes after treatment of active PD with ibandronate. With regard to cost-effectiveness and assay performance, TAP remains the marker of choice in therapeutic monitoring of PD. However, more specific markers may improve the biochemical assessment of PD in certain situations.  (+info)

Osteitis deformans, also known as Paget's disease of bone, is a chronic disorder of the bone characterized by abnormal turnover and remodeling of the bone. In this condition, the bone becomes enlarged, thickened, and deformed due to excessive and disorganized bone formation and resorption.

The process begins when the bone-remodeling cycle is disrupted, leading to an imbalance between the activity of osteoclasts (cells that break down bone) and osteoblasts (cells that form new bone). In Paget's disease, osteoclasts become overactive and increase bone resorption, followed by an overzealous response from osteoblasts, which attempt to repair the damage but do so in a disorganized manner.

The affected bones can become weakened, prone to fractures, and may cause pain, deformities, or other complications such as arthritis, hearing loss, or neurological symptoms if the skull or spine is involved. The exact cause of Paget's disease remains unknown, but it is believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development.

Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications associated with osteitis deformans. Treatment options include medications to slow down bone turnover, pain management, and orthopedic interventions when necessary.

Osteitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of bone tissue. It can occur as a result of various conditions, such as infection (osteomyelitis), trauma, or autoimmune disorders. The symptoms of osteitis may include pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected area, as well as fever and general malaise. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, which may involve antibiotics for infection or anti-inflammatory medications for other causes. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected or damaged bone tissue.

'Dystonia Musculorum Deformans' is a medical term that refers to a rare inherited neurological disorder, which is now more commonly known as "Generalized Dystonia." This condition is characterized by sustained muscle contractions, leading to twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

The onset of symptoms typically occurs during childhood or adolescence, and they can progress over time, affecting various parts of the body. The exact cause of Generalized Dystonia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations that affect the functioning of certain proteins in the brain. Treatment options may include medications, botulinum toxin injections, or even deep brain stimulation surgery in severe cases.

Osteitis fibrosa cystica is a medical condition that refers to the abnormal bone remodeling process characterized by increased bone resorption and formation, leading to bone thickening and weakening. It is also known as "von Recklinghausen's disease of bone" or "monostotic fibrous dysplasia."

This condition is typically caused by excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to a benign or malignant tumor of the parathyroid gland, known as hyperparathyroidism. The overproduction of PTH leads to an imbalance in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, resulting in increased bone resorption and fibrous tissue deposition within the bone marrow.

The clinical features of osteitis fibrosa cystica include bone pain, fractures, bone deformities, and elevated levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase in the blood. Radiographic findings may show characteristic "rugger jersey" or "salt and pepper" patterns of alternating areas of increased and decreased bone density.

Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the abnormal parathyroid gland tissue, followed by medical management to prevent further bone loss and promote healing.

Acquired hyperostosis syndrome is not a widely recognized medical term, and it may refer to several different conditions that involve abnormal bone growth or hardening. One possible condition that might be referred to as acquired hyperostosis syndrome is diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is a non-inflammatory condition that affects the spine and other parts of the body. It is characterized by the calcification and ossification of ligaments and entheses, which are the sites where tendons or ligaments attach to bones. This process can lead to the formation of bony spurs or growths, called osteophytes, along the spine and other affected areas.

The exact cause of DISH is not known, but it is more common in older adults, males, and people with certain medical conditions such as diabetes and obesity. The symptoms of DISH can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the bone growths. Some people may experience stiffness, pain, or limited mobility in the affected areas, while others may have no symptoms at all.

It is important to note that there are many other conditions that can cause abnormal bone growth or hardening, so a proper medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause of any symptoms. If you have concerns about acquired hyperostosis syndrome or any other medical condition, you should speak with your healthcare provider for further guidance.

The pubic symphysis is the joint in the front of the pelvis that connects the two halves of the pelvic girdle, specifically the pubic bones. It's located at the lower part of the anterior (front) pelvic region. Unlike most joints, which are movable and contain synovial fluid, the pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint, also known as an amphiarthrosis.

The joint consists of fibrocartilaginous discs, ligaments, and the articular surfaces of the adjacent pubic bones. The fibrocartilaginous disc helps to absorb shock and reduce friction between the two bones. The main function of the pubic symphysis is to provide stability for the pelvis and transfer weight and forces from the upper body to the lower limbs during activities like walking, running, or jumping.

The pubic symphysis has a limited range of motion, allowing only slight movement in response to pressure or tension. During pregnancy and childbirth, the hormone relaxin is released, which increases the laxity of the pelvic joints, including the pubic symphysis, to accommodate the growing fetus and facilitate delivery. This increased mobility can sometimes lead to discomfort or pain in the area, known as symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) or pelvic girdle pain.

The pubic bone, also known as the pubis or pubic symphysis, is a part of the pelvis - the complex ring-like structure that forms the lower part of the trunk and supports the weight of the upper body. The pubic bone is the anterior (front) portion of the pelvic girdle, located at the bottom of the abdomen, and it connects to the other side at the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint.

The pubic bone plays an essential role in supporting the lower limbs and providing attachment for various muscles involved in movements like walking, running, and jumping. It also protects some abdominal organs and contributes to the structure of the pelvic outlet, which is crucial during childbirth.

"Dry socket" is a common term used in dentistry to describe a condition that can occur after a tooth extraction. The medical term for dry socket is "alveolar osteitis." This condition arises when the blood clot that forms in the socket where the tooth was removed becomes dislodged or fails to form properly, exposing the bone and nerves underneath.

Dry socket can be quite painful, causing a throbbing sensation that may radiate to the ear, neck, or temple. It can also lead to bad breath and an unpleasant taste in the mouth. The exact cause of dry socket is not entirely clear, but several factors may increase the risk, including smoking, poor oral hygiene, using birth control pills, and having a history of dry socket.

Treatment for dry socket typically involves cleaning the socket and placing a medicated dressing to promote healing and relieve pain. Over-the-counter pain medications and warm compresses may also help alleviate discomfort. It is essential to follow your dentist's instructions carefully to prevent complications and promote proper healing.

Ethmoid sinusitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation or infection of the ethmoid sinuses. The ethmoid sinuses are a pair of small, air-filled cavities located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, near the eyes. They are surrounded by delicate bone structures and are connected to the nasal cavity by narrow channels.

Ethmoid sinusitis can occur as a result of a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, or it may be caused by allergies, environmental factors, or structural abnormalities in the nasal passages. When the ethmoid sinuses become inflamed or infected, they can cause symptoms such as:

* Nasal congestion or stuffiness
* Pain or pressure in the forehead, between the eyes, or in the cheeks
* Headaches or facial pain
* Thick, discolored nasal discharge
* Postnasal drip
* Coughing or sneezing
* Fever
* Fatigue

Ethmoid sinusitis can be acute (lasting for a short period of time) or chronic (persisting for several weeks or months). If left untreated, ethmoid sinusitis can lead to complications such as the spread of infection to other parts of the body, including the eyes and brain. Treatment for ethmoid sinusitis may include antibiotics, decongestants, nasal sprays, or surgery in severe cases.

The ethmoid bone is a paired, thin, and lightweight bone that forms part of the skull's anterior cranial fossa and contributes to the formation of the orbit and nasal cavity. It is located between the frontal bone above and the maxilla and palatine bones below. The ethmoid bone has several important features:

1. Cribriform plate: This is the horizontal, sieve-like portion that forms part of the anterior cranial fossa and serves as the roof of the nasal cavity. It contains small openings (foramina) through which olfactory nerves pass.
2. Perpendicular plate: The perpendicular plate is a vertical structure that projects downward from the cribriform plate, forming part of the nasal septum and separating the left and right nasal cavities.
3. Superior and middle nasal conchae: These are curved bony projections within the lateral walls of the nasal cavity that help to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air.
4. Lacrimal bone: The ethmoid bone articulates with the lacrimal bone, forming part of the medial wall of the orbit.
5. Frontal process: This is a thin, vertical plate that articulates with the frontal bone above the orbit.
6. Sphenoidal process: The sphenoidal process connects the ethmoid bone to the sphenoid bone posteriorly.

The ethmoid bone plays a crucial role in protecting the brain and providing structural support for the eyes, as well as facilitating respiration by warming, humidifying, and filtering incoming air.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin condition that typically affects the genital or anal areas, but can also occur in other areas such as the axillae (armpits) or male nipples. It is named similar to Paget's disease of the breast, but they are different conditions. EMPD is not related to breast cancer.

EMPD is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells called Paget cells in the skin. These cells can invade the surrounding tissue and may spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). The exact cause of EMPD is unknown, but it's thought to be associated with an underlying malignancy such as an adenocarcinoma in the adjacent area.

Symptoms of EMPD can include redness, itching, burning, or pain in the affected area. There may also be scaling, crusting, or oozing of the skin. The lesions associated with EMPD are typically slow-growing and can be mistaken for eczema, psoriasis, or other benign skin conditions.

Diagnosis of EMPD is usually made through a biopsy of the affected skin. Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the lesion, with wide margins to ensure complete removal of the abnormal cells. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended if there are signs of spread (metastasis) to other parts of the body. Regular follow-up is important to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Paget's disease of the nipple, also known as Paget's disease of the breast, is a rare type of cancer that starts in the breast ducts and spreads to the skin of the nipple and areola. The symptoms often include redness, itching, tingling, or burning of the nipple, which can also become flaky, scaly, or crusty. There may also be a discharge from the nipple.

The exact cause of Paget's disease is not known, but it is thought to be associated with underlying breast cancer in about 90% of cases. It is more common in women over the age of 50 and is usually diagnosed through a biopsy of the affected skin. Treatment typically involves removing the affected breast tissue, which may include a mastectomy, followed by radiation therapy.

It's important to note that Paget's disease of the nipple is different from benign paget's disease of the breast, which is a non-cancerous condition that can cause similar symptoms but does not spread to other parts of the body.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a rare inflammatory muscle disease characterized by progressive weakness and wasting (atrophy) of skeletal muscles. The term "inclusion body" refers to the presence of abnormal protein accumulations within muscle fibers, which are observed under a microscope during muscle biopsy. These inclusions are primarily composed of aggregated forms of amyloid-β and tau proteins, similar to those found in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

IBM typically affects individuals over 50 years old, and it is more common in men than women. The disease usually starts with weakness in the wrist and finger flexors, making it difficult to perform tasks such as gripping, buttoning shirts, or lifting objects. Over time, the weakness spreads to other muscle groups, including the thigh muscles (quadriceps), resulting in difficulty climbing stairs or rising from a seated position.

The exact cause of inclusion body myositis remains unclear; however, both immune-mediated and degenerative mechanisms are believed to contribute to its pathogenesis. Currently, there is no cure for IBM, and treatment options are primarily aimed at managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Immunosuppressive medications may be used to target the inflammatory component of the disease; however, their efficacy varies among patients. Physical therapy and exercise programs can help maintain muscle strength and function as much as possible.

Mohs surgery, also known as Mohs micrographic surgery, is a precise surgical technique used to treat common types of skin cancer. It's primarily used for basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas that have recurred, are large, aggressive, or in critical areas where preservation of healthy tissue is important, such as the face.

The procedure involves removing the visible tumor along with a thin layer of surrounding tissue. This layer is then processed and examined under a microscope while the patient waits. If cancer cells are found in the margin of the removed tissue, another layer of tissue is taken from that specific area and examined. This process continues until no cancer cells are found in the margins, ensuring complete removal of the tumor while minimizing the removal of healthy tissue.

The main advantage of Mohs surgery is its ability to accurately assess the depth and extent of the cancer, leading to high cure rates and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, it's a specialized procedure that requires extensive training and should be performed by a fellowship-trained Mohs surgeon.

Jones, H. Wallace, & Holland, C. T. (1923). A Case of Osteitis Deformans. Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy. 28(1), 17- ...
Ueber Ostitis deformans ohne osteoides Gewebe. Arbeiten aus dem pathologisch-anatomischen Institut zu Tübingen, 1904, 4. 398- ... 422 - On osteitis deformans without osteoid tissue. Pathologische Anatomie : Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte, 1911 - ... In 1898 he was the first scientist to describe Hürthle cells, and in 1904 he was the first to link osteitis fibrosa cystica ...
Rhodes, B.; Jawad, A. S. M. (6 January 2005). "Paget's disease of bone: osteitis deformans or osteodystrophia deformans?". ... James Paget, Paget J. On a form of chronic inflammation of bone (osteitis deformans). Medico-cirurgical Transactions of London ... Paget's disease of bone was originally termed osteitis deformans, because it was thought to involve an inflammatory process, ... Paget's disease of bone (commonly known as Paget's disease or, historically, osteitis deformans) is a condition involving ...
He discovered the Paget's disease of the breast and the Paget's disease of the bones (osteitis deformans), which are named ... Osteitis Deformans)". Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. 60: 37-64.9. doi:10.1177/095952877706000105. PMC 2150214. PMID 20896492 ...
Paget, J. (1877). "On a Form of Chronic Inflammation of Bones (Osteitis Deformans)". Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. 60: 37- ...
Perhaps related to osteitis deformans, see Duncan, pp. 74-75. Grant, p. 106; MacDonald, Outlaws, p. 99 Grant, pp. 106-107; ...
Six skeletons showed evidence of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans). The most severe case of Paget's disease was in a ...
Demonstration von Knochen mit Tumor bildender Ostitis deformans. Tageblatt der Naturforschenden Versamlung 1889. Heidelberg, ( ... Die fibröse oder deformirende Ostitis, die Osteomalacie und die osteoplastische Carcinose in ihren gegenseitigen Beziehungen. ... While Gerhard Engel first described the skeletal disorder Osteitis fibrosa cystica, in 1891 Recklinghausen was the first to ...
Others, such as fractures, osteoarthritis, Paget's disease of bone (also termed osteitis deformans or just Paget's disease). ...
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... mainly bacterial osteitis Alveolar osteitis or "dry socket" Condensing osteitis (or Osteitis condensans) Osteitis deformans (or ... or Osteitis fibrosa, or Von Recklinghausen's disease of bone) Osteitis pubis Radiation osteitis Osteitis condensans ilii ... Osteitis is inflammation of bone. More specifically, it can refer to one of the following conditions: Osteomyelitis, or ... Osteitis, Inflammations, Osteopathies, All stub articles, Orthopedics stubs). ...
... osteitis deformans) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal osseous remodeling. Sir James Paget first described Paget ... encoded search term (Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Imaging) and Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Imaging ... Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Imaging Updated: Sep 28, 2021 * Author: Paul A Cripe, MD; Chief Editor: Felix S Chew ... He termed the condition osteitis deformans. [1, 2, 3, 4] Paget disease of bone is caused by a localized increase in ...
Tag Osteitis deformans. Vincenz Czerny Biography Born 19 November 1842 in Trautenau, Böhmen, Austro-Hungarian Empire Died 3 ...
Osteitis Deformans; Pagets Disease of Bone. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from ... Pagets disease of bone (osteitis deformans) is one of the most common skeletal diseases, characterised by bone distortion and ...
PSYCHOSIS IN PAGETS DISEASE (OSTEITIS DEFORMANS). Arch NeurPsych. 1929;21(4):828-837. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc. ... as osteitis deformans would naturally lead one to question its effects on the nervous system. A priori, one would expect mental ...
Paget disease is a disorder that involves abnormal bone destruction and regrowth. This results in deformity of the affected bones.
Osteitis deformans. 5016 Osteomalacia, residuals of. 5014 Osteomyelitis. 5000 Osteoporosis, residuals of. 5013 ...
Jones, H. Wallace, & Holland, C. T. (1923). A Case of Osteitis Deformans. Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy. 28(1), 17- ...
Osteitis deformans of right ankle and foot M88.872 Osteitis deformans of left ankle and foot ... Osteitis deformans of left lower leg M88.871 ... Osteitis deformans of right hand M88.842 Osteitis deformans of ... Osteitis deformans of right lower leg M88.862 ... Osteitis deformans of other bones M88.89 Osteitis deformans of ... Osteitis deformans of right forearm M88.832 Osteitis deformans of left forearm M88.841 ...
Osteitis Deformans / complications * Osteitis Deformans / diagnostic imaging* * Osteitis Deformans / pathology * Osteoarthritis ...
Osteitis deformans [Pagets disease of bone]. M94.0. Chondrocostal junction syndrome. M94.26. Chondromalacia, knee. ...
Osteitis Deformans Preferred Term Term UI T029598. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID ... Osteitis Deformans Preferred Concept UI. M0015507. Scope Note. A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone ... Osteitis Deformans. Tree Number(s). C05.116.692. Unique ID. D010001. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010001 ...
Pagets disease of bone (osteitis deformans). Musculoskeletal conditions (bone). Pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation). ...
osteitis deformans. xref: EFO:0004261. show annotations for terms descendants Sort by:. symbol. object name. position. ...
Osteitis deformans. *Share. *. *. *. *. Paget disease is a disorder that involves abnormal bone destruction and regrowth. This ...
Treatment of Pagets disease of bone (osteitis deformans) with sodium etidronate (EHDP). Rashid M, Khairi A, Johnston C Jr. ...
Osteitis deformans in neoplastic disease. ICD-10-CM Coding instruction: Code first the neoplasm (C40._, C41._) ...
Pagets disease of bone [osteitis deformans] - M88 *Other disorders of bone - M89 *Calculus of kidney and ureter - N20 * ...
Pagets Disease (Osteitis deformans) * Premenstrual Syndrome (Ovarian Cycle Syndrome, Premenstrual Tension, PMS) ...
This health condition is also referred to as osteitis deformans. This bone disorder is characterized by acute degeneration of ...
Aka: Pagets Disease of Bone, Pagets Disease, Paget Disease of Bone, Paget Disease, Osteitis Deformans, Pagetic Lesion ...
Pagets Disease of Bone; Osteitis Deformans). By Julia F. Charles , MD, PhD, Brigham and Womens Hospital ...
Fosamax is a drug that is commonly used to treat a number of bone diseases, including osteoporosis and osteitis deformans ( ...
Read on bone disease ostitis deforestation mans. What is Morbus Paget. What are the symptoms of Pagets bone disease. Get ... Symptoms of osteitis deformans. It is only a small portion of people with the disease who experience real symptoms. These are ... Treatment of osteitis deformans. In many cases, the disease is without symptoms, and requires no treatment. ... Pagets bone disease or osteitis deformans is a rare condition in which the processes of bone turnover runs amok. This leads to ...
Pagets Disease (osteitis deformans) is a chronic skeletal disorder that often results in enlarged or deformed bones in one or ...
... osteitis deformans, single infusion, natural-history, fracture risk, risedronate",. author = "Langston, {Anne L} and Campbell ...
Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Imaging. September 28, 2021. Radiology Meniscal Tears on MRI. September 24, 2021. ...
Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) Imaging. September 28, 2021. Radiology Meniscal Tears on MRI. September 24, 2021. ...
  • Treatment of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans) with sodium etidronate (EHDP). (nih.gov)
  • Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans) is an idiopathic, progressive disease characterized by abnormal and accelerated bone metabolism in one or more bones. (nih.gov)
  • Fosamax is a drug that is commonly used to treat a number of bone diseases, including osteoporosis and osteitis deformans (Paget's disease). (yourlegalguide.com)
  • The second-most common metabolic disorder of the bone, after osteoporosis, is Paget's disease of bone (PDB), also known as osteitis deformans. (acquaintpublications.com)
  • He is best remembered for describing two conditions named for him: Paget's disease of the nipple, a precancerous disorder, and Paget's disease of the bone, osteodystrophia deformans. (idolbirthdays.net)
  • Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal osseous remodeling. (medscape.com)
  • He termed the condition osteitis deformans. (medscape.com)
  • This health condition is also referred to as osteitis deformans. (herbs2000.com)
  • Paget's bone disease or osteitis deformans is a rare condition in which the processes of bone turnover runs amok. (healthanddisease.com)
  • A disease of the skeletal system producing as much disturbance, especially of the external conformation of the skull, as osteitis deformans would naturally lead one to question its effects on the nervous system. (jamanetwork.com)
  • 8. Treatment of Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans) with sodium etidronate (EHDP). (nih.gov)
  • Association of osteitis deformans (Paget's disease) and adenocarcinoma of the prostate]. (unige.it)
  • 5 Daniel Whistler from England described rickets in 1645, and in 1876, Paget described osteitis deformans, later to be known as Paget's disease. (ijcp.in)
  • Risedronate is used for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone ( osteitis deformans ), treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women, and treatment of osteoporosis in men. (hdkino.org)
  • Metabolic bone disease or MBD refers to a large spectrum of bone disorders, usually caused by mineral abnormalities such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or vitamin D. The most common metabolic bone diseases include osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, renal osteodystrophy and osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone). (txendocrine.com)
  • Fall von Ostitis deformans im Sinne Pagets. (nih.gov)
  • Perthes simultaneously reported six cases of what he termed "arthritis deformans juveniles. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
  • There are conditions in which we have an abnormal increase in the tissue elements but which strictly should not be defined as hypertrophies, such as new-growths, abnormal enlargements of bones and organs due to syphilis, tuberculosis, osteitis deformans, acromegaly , myxoedema, &c. (yourdictionary.com)
  • It is also called as osteitis deformans because it leads to change in the shape and size of the bone. (moam.info)