A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.
Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).
The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.
Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.
In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)
Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)
The continuous visual field seen by a subject through space and time.

Mechanisms of calcium influx into hippocampal spines: heterogeneity among spines, coincidence detection by NMDA receptors, and optical quantal analysis. (1/1364)

Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the vertebrate brain, but their function is still poorly understood. Using two-photon calcium imaging of CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices, we investigated the mechanisms by which calcium enters into individual spines in the stratum radiatum. We find three different pathways for calcium influx: high-threshold voltage-sensitive calcium channels, NMDA receptors, and an APV-resistant influx consistent with calcium-permeable AMPA or kainate receptors. These pathways vary among different populations of spines and are engaged under different stimulation conditions, with peak calcium concentrations reaching >10 microM. Furthermore, as a result of the biophysical properties of the NMDA receptor, the calcium dynamics of spines are exquisitely sensitive to the temporal coincidence of the input and output of the neuron. Our results confirm that individual spines are chemical compartments that can perform coincidence detection. Finally, we demonstrate that functional studies and optical quantal analysis of single, identified synapses is feasible in mammalian CNS neurons in brain slices.  (+info)

Optical detection of synaptically induced glutamate transport in hippocampal slices. (2/1364)

Although it has long been believed that glial cells play a major role in transmitter uptake at synapses in the CNS, the relative contribution of glial and neuronal cells to reuptake of synaptically released glutamate has been unclear. Recent identification of the diverse glutamate transporter subtypes provides an opportunity to examine this issue. To monitor glutamate transporter activity, we optically detected synaptically induced changes of membrane potential from hippocampal CA1 field in slice preparations using a voltage-sensitive dye, RH155. In the presence of ionotropic glutamate-receptor blockers, synaptic inputs gave rise to a slow depolarizing response (SDR) in the dendritic field. The amplitude of SDR correlated well with presynaptic activities, suggesting that it was related to transmitter release. The SDR was found to be caused by the activities of glutamate transporters because it was not affected by blockers for GABAA, nACh, 5-HT3, P2X, or metabotropic glutamate receptors but was greatly reduced by dihydrokainate (DHK), a specific blocker for GLT-1 transporter, and by D, L-threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate (THA), a blocker for EAAC, GLAST, and GLT-1 transporters. When SDR was detected with RH482 dye, which stains both glial and neuronal cells, 1 mM DHK and 1 mM THA were equally effective in suppressing SDR. The SDR was very small in GLT-1 knockout mice but was maintained in gerbil hippocampi in which postsynaptic neurons were absent because of ischemia. Because GLT-1 transporters are exclusively expressed in astrocytes, our results provide direct evidence that astrocytes play the dominant role in sequestering synaptically released glutamate.  (+info)

Optic flow selectivity in the anterior superior temporal polysensory area, STPa, of the behaving monkey. (3/1364)

Earlier studies of neurons in the anterior region of the superior temporal polysensory area (STPa) have demonstrated selectivity for visual motion using stimuli contaminated by nonmotion cues, including texture, luminance, and form. The present experiments investigated the motion selectivity of neurons in STPa in the absence of form cues using random dot optic flow displays. The responses of neurons were tested with translation, rotation, radial, and spiral optic flow displays designed to mimic the types of motion that occur during locomotion. Over half of the neurons tested responded significantly to at least one of these displays. On a cell by cell basis, 60% of the neurons tested responded selectively to rotation, radial, and spiral motion, whereas 20% responded selectively to translation motion. The majority of neurons responded maximally to single-component optic flow displays but was also significantly activated by the spiral displays that contained their preferred component. Moreover, there was a bias in the selectivity of the neurons for radial expansion motion. These results suggest that neurons within STPa are contributing to the analysis of optic flow. Furthermore, the preponderance of cells selective for radial expansion provides evidence that this area may be specifically involved in the processing of forward locomotion and/or looming stimuli. Finally, these results provide carefully controlled physiological evidence for an extension and specialization of the motion-processing pathway into the anterior temporal lobe.  (+info)

The instantaneous monitoring of polyacrylamide gels during electrophoresis. (4/1364)

The advantages of being able to see protein zones in a gel during electrophoresis (and hence before staining) are pointed out, and a method is described which depends on local increments of refractive index in these zones. The use of local increments of refractive index in polyacrylamide gels for measuring protein concentrations in zones during electrophoresis is briefly considered; it is found that such increments are greater than would be expected from the amount of protein when sodium dodecyl sulphate is present. The enhancement depends on conditions and time of running. This makes quantitative estimates difficult, but the sensitivity of detection of protein zones by observations based on refractive-index changes is greatly increased by this property of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Methods are described for making optically uniform gels (both with uniform and with graded concentrations of polyacrylamide), necessary for observation of small changes in refractive index. A simple dark-field system of observation is described. Examples are given showing protein samples observed with the system during electrophoresis and compared with the same gel stained with Coomassie Blue after completion of the run. Under optimal conditions the optical method is comparable in sensitivity with staining. With the proteins of lower mol.wt. (approx. 15000), the optical method is not so sensitive, becoming less sensitive with longer running time. This loss of sensitivity is greatly decreased by using more concentrated polyacrylamide gels, and graded gels are therefore more suitable for optical observation than are uniform gels. The observation of protein zones during electrophoresis adds nothing to the time needed for making a stained gel and gives much information long before it can be obtained from the stained gel.  (+info)

Spatiotemporal patterns of activity in an intact mammalian network with single-cell resolution: optical studies of nicotinic activity in an enteric plexus. (5/1364)

Multiple Site Optical Recording of Transmembrane Voltage (MSORTV) has been used to measure, continuously and simultaneously, the spontaneous electrical activity from all of the neurons in individual ganglia or up to five interconnected ganglia of the submucous plexus of the guinea pig small intestine. These are the first optical recordings of electrical activity with single-cell resolution from a mammalian nervous system. They are used to investigate the effects of acute and chronic application of nicotine on the firing patterns of this neural network containing important cholinergic components. After washout of acutely applied nicotine, the firing rates of selected neurons were dramatically elevated. These results suggest that nAChRs that reversibly desensitize after exposure to nicotine may be responsible for the enhancement of activity that is observed after a brief application of this agonist. In addition, immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies was used to localize alpha3/alpha5, alpha7, and beta2 nAChR subunits, and the results demonstrate the prevalence of alpha3/alpha5. It is this alpha3-containing nAChR subtype that probably accounts for most of the excess activity elicited by nicotine application.  (+info)

Reacquisition deficits in prism adaptation after muscimol microinjection into the ventral premotor cortex of monkeys. (6/1364)

A small amount of muscimol (1 microl; concentration, 5 microg/microl) was injected into the ventral and dorsal premotor cortex areas (PMv and PMd, respectively) of monkeys, which then were required to perform a visually guided reaching task. For the task, the monkeys were required to reach for a target soon after it was presented on a screen. While performing the task, the monkeys' eyes were covered with left 10 degrees, right 10 degrees, or no wedge prisms, for a block of 50-100 trials. Without the prisms, the monkeys reached the targets accurately. When the prisms were placed, the monkeys initially misreached the targets because the prisms displaced the visual field. Before the muscimol injection, the monkeys adapted to the prisms in 10-20 trials, judging from the horizontal distance between the target location and the point where the monkey touched the screen. After muscimol injection into the PMv, the monkeys lost the ability to readapt and touched the screen closer to the location of the targets as seen through the prisms. This deficit was observed at selective target locations, only when the targets were shifted contralaterally to the injected hemisphere. When muscimol was injected into the PMd, no such deficits were observed. There were no changes in the reaction and movement times induced by muscimol injections in either area. The results suggest that the PMv plays an important role in motor learning, specifically in recalibrating visual and motor coordinates.  (+info)

Cerebellar lesions and prism adaptation in macaque monkeys. (7/1364)

If a laterally displacing prism is placed in front of one eye of a person or monkey with the other eye occluded, they initially will point to one side of a target that is located directly in front of them. Normally, people and monkeys adapt easily to the displaced vision and correct their aim after a few trials. If the prism then is removed, there is a postadaptation shift in which the subject misses the target and points in the opposite direction for a few trials. We tested five Macaque monkeys for their ability to adapt to a laterally displacing prism and to show the expected postadaptation shift. When tested as normals, all five animals showed the typical pattern of adaptation and postadaptation shift. Like human subjects, the monkeys also showed complete interocular transfer of the adaptation but no transfer of the adaptation between the two arms. When preoperative training and testing was complete, we made lesions of various target areas on the cerebellar cortex. A cerebellar lesion that included the dorsal paraflocculus and uvula abolished completely the normal prism adaptation for the arm ipsilateral to the lesion in one of the five monkeys. The other four animals retained the ability to prism-adapt normally and showed the expected postadaptation shift. In the one case in which the lesion abolished prism adaptation, the damage included Crus I and II, paramedian lobule and the dorsal paraflocculus of the cerebellar hemispheres as well as lobule IX, of the vermis. Thus in this case, the lesion included virtually all the cerebellar cortex that receives mossy-fiber visual information relayed via the pontine nuclei from the cerebral cortex. The other four animals had damage to lobule V, the classical anterior lobe arm area and/or vermian lobules VI/VII, the oculomotor region. When tested postoperatively, some of these animals showed a degree of ataxia equivalent to that of the case in which prism adaptation was affected, but prism adaptation and the postadaptation shift remained normal. We conclude that in addition to its role in long-term motor learning and reflex adaptation, the region of the cerebellum that was ablated also may be a critical site for a short-term motor memory. Prism adaptation seems to involve a region of the cerebellum that receives a mossy-fiber visual error signal and probably a corollary discharge of the movement.  (+info)

Novel form of spreading acidification and depression in the cerebellar cortex demonstrated by neutral red optical imaging. (8/1364)

A novel form of spreading acidification and depression in the rat cerebellar cortex was imaged in vivo using the pH-sensitive dye, Neutral red. Surface stimulation evoked an initial beam of increased fluorescence (i.e., decreased pH) that spread rostrally and caudally across the folium and into neighboring folia. A transient but marked suppression in the excitability of the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell circuitry accompanied the spread. Characteristics differentiating this phenomenon from the spreading depression of Leao include: high speed of propagation on the surface (average of 450 microm/s), stable extracellular DC potential, no change in blood vessel diameter, and repeatability at short intervals. This propagating acidification constitutes a previously unknown class of neuronal processing in the cerebellar cortex.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Optics and Photonics" is a broad field that encompasses various scientific and engineering disciplines. It doesn't have a specific medical definition, as it's not a term typically used in a medical context.

However, I can provide a general definition:

Optics is the study of light and its interactions with matter. This includes how light is produced, controlled, transmitted, and detected. It involves phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference.

Photonics, on the other hand, is a branch of optics that deals with the generation, detection, and manipulation of individual photons, the basic units of light. Photonics is often applied to technologies such as lasers, fiber optics, and optical communications.

In a medical context, these fields might be used in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as endoscopes, ophthalmic devices, laser surgery, and imaging technologies like MRI and CT scans. But the terms "Optics" and "Photonics" themselves are not medical conditions or treatments.

The optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. It is composed of approximately one million nerve fibers that carry signals related to vision, such as light intensity and color, from the eye's photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) to the visual cortex in the brain. The optic nerve is responsible for carrying this visual information so that it can be processed and interpreted by the brain, allowing us to see and perceive our surroundings. Damage to the optic nerve can result in vision loss or impairment.

The optic disk, also known as the optic nerve head, is the point where the optic nerve fibers exit the eye and transmit visual information to the brain. It appears as a pale, circular area in the back of the eye, near the center of the retina. The optic disk has no photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), so it is insensitive to light. It is an important structure to observe during eye examinations because changes in its appearance can indicate various ocular diseases or conditions, such as glaucoma, optic neuritis, or papilledema.

Optic neuritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This condition can result in various symptoms such as vision loss, pain with eye movement, color vision disturbances, and pupillary abnormalities. Optic neuritis may occur in isolation or be associated with other underlying medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and autoimmune disorders. The diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity testing, dilated funduscopic examination, and possibly imaging studies like MRI to evaluate the optic nerve and brain. Treatment options may include corticosteroids or other immunomodulatory therapies to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

The optic chiasm is a structure in the brain where the optic nerves from each eye meet and cross. This allows for the integration of visual information from both eyes into the brain's visual cortex, creating a single, combined image of the visual world. The optic chiasm plays an important role in the processing of visual information and helps to facilitate depth perception and other complex visual tasks. Damage to the optic chiasm can result in various visual field deficits, such as bitemporal hemianopsia, where there is a loss of vision in the outer halves (temporal fields) of both eyes' visual fields.

Optic atrophy is a medical term that refers to the degeneration and shrinkage (atrophy) of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This condition can result in various vision abnormalities, including loss of visual acuity, color vision deficiencies, and peripheral vision loss.

Optic atrophy can occur due to a variety of causes, such as:

* Traumatic injuries to the eye or optic nerve
* Glaucoma
* Optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve)
* Ischemic optic neuropathy (reduced blood flow to the optic nerve)
* Compression or swelling of the optic nerve
* Hereditary or congenital conditions affecting the optic nerve
* Toxins and certain medications that can damage the optic nerve.

The diagnosis of optic atrophy typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity testing, refraction assessment, slit-lamp examination, and dilated funduscopic examination to evaluate the health of the optic nerve. In some cases, additional diagnostic tests such as visual field testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause.

There is no specific treatment for optic atrophy, but addressing the underlying cause can help prevent further damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, vision rehabilitation may be recommended to help patients adapt to their visual impairment.

Optic nerve injuries refer to damages or trauma inflicted on the optic nerve, which is a crucial component of the visual system. The optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain, enabling us to see. Injuries to the optic nerve can result in various visual impairments, including partial or complete vision loss, decreased visual acuity, changes in color perception, and reduced field of view.

These injuries may occur due to several reasons, such as:

1. Direct trauma to the eye or head
2. Increased pressure inside the eye (glaucoma)
3. Optic neuritis, an inflammation of the optic nerve
4. Ischemia, or insufficient blood supply to the optic nerve
5. Compression from tumors or other space-occupying lesions
6. Intrinsic degenerative conditions affecting the optic nerve
7. Toxic exposure to certain chemicals or medications

Optic nerve injuries are diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus exam, and additional diagnostic tests like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field testing. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity of the injury but may include medications, surgery, or vision rehabilitation.

The optic lobe in non-mammals refers to a specific region of the brain that is responsible for processing visual information. It is a part of the protocerebrum in the insect brain and is analogous to the mammalian visual cortex. The optic lobes receive input directly from the eyes via the optic nerves and are involved in the interpretation and integration of visual stimuli, enabling non-mammals to perceive and respond to their environment. In some invertebrates, like insects, the optic lobe is further divided into subregions, including the lamina, medulla, and lobula, each with distinct functions in visual processing.

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a medical condition that refers to the damage or death of the optic nerve due to insufficient blood supply. The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain.

In ION, the blood vessels that supply the optic nerve become blocked or narrowed, leading to decreased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the nerve fibers. This results in inflammation, swelling, and ultimately, damage to the optic nerve. The damage can cause sudden, painless vision loss, often noticed upon waking up in the morning.

There are two types of ION: anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION). AION affects the front part of the optic nerve, while PION affects the back part of the nerve. AION is further classified into arteritic and non-arteritic types, depending on whether it is caused by giant cell arteritis or not.

Risk factors for ION include age (most commonly occurring in people over 50), hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sleep apnea, and other cardiovascular diseases. Treatment options depend on the type and cause of ION and may include controlling underlying medical conditions, administering corticosteroids, or undergoing surgical procedures to improve blood flow.

Optic flow is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in the field of visual perception and neuroscience. It refers to the pattern of motion of objects in the visual field that occurs as an observer moves through the environment. This pattern of motion is important for the perception of self-motion and the estimation of egocentric distance (the distance of objects in the environment relative to the observer). Optic flow has been studied in relation to various clinical populations, such as individuals with vestibular disorders or visual impairments, who may have difficulty processing optic flow information.

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Optics & Photonics News. In 1955, Rubin Braunstein was the first to observe emission from gallium arsenide and two other III-V ... von Klingshirn, Claus (2007). Semiconductor Optics (3 ed.). Springer. p. 473. ISBN 9783540383475. Seeger, Karlheinz (1982). ...
Fundamentals of Photonics. New York: John Wiley & sons, inc. ISBN 978-0-471-83965-1. Agrawal, Govind P. (1995). Nonlinear fiber ... In optics, the term soliton is used to refer to any optical field that does not change during propagation because of a delicate ... Solitons in a fibre optic system are described by the Manakov equations. In 1987, P. Emplit, J.P. Hamaide, F. Reynaud, C. ... Those solitons were discovered first and they are often simply referred as "solitons" in optics. In order to understand how a ...
Shorey, Aric B.; Golini, Don; Kordonski, William (October 2007). "Surface finishing of complex optics". Optics and Photonics ... April 2008). "Testing aspheres". Optics & Photonics News. 19 (4): 26. Bibcode:2008OptPN..19...24P. doi:10.1364/OPN.19.4.000024 ... The optical quality of a lens system can be tested in an optics or physics laboratory using bench apertures, optic tubes, ... Aspheric surfaces can also be made by polishing with a small tool with a compliant surface that conforms to the optic, although ...
"December 2014 , Optics & Photonics News". www.osa-opn.org. Retrieved 2015-09-29. Slaughter, Milton D. (April 2019). "Status of ... Milton Dean Slaughter (5 December 2014). "Increasing Minority Participation in University STEM Programs". Optics & Photonics ... intense field quantum optics, shock wave physics, nanotechnology, computational science, biophysics, and their applications to ... Co-Principal Investigator received a Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund grant entitled Enhancement of the Applied Optics ...
The pump beam amplitude is modulated using an acousto-optic or electro-optic modulator on the order of 107 Hz. The pump and ... Saleh, Bahaa E. A., Malvin Carl Teich (1991). Fundamentals of photonics. Vol. 22. New York: Wiley. Pu-Ting Dong; Ji-Xin Cheng ( ... Optics Letters. 38 (8): 1265-1267. doi:10.1364/OL.38.001265. PMID 23595453. Wong, Cathy Y.; Penwell, Samuel B.; Cotts, Benjamin ... Optics Express. 20 (15): 17082-17092. doi:10.1364/OE.20.017082. PMC 3601636. Simpson, Mary Jane; Wilson, Jesse W.; Robles, ...
Introduction to Nonimaging Optics, Second Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-0673-9. "2009 OSA Awards". Optics & Photonics ... Later revised under the name of Nonimaging Optics, it remains a classic in the field. From 1989 to 1995, he served as chair of ... Roland Winston (born March 12, 1936) is a leading figure in the field of nonimaging optics and its applications to solar energy ... In 1989, Winston coauthored with W.T. Welford what became the defining text of the field, High Collection Nonimaging Optics. ...
"Optics and Photonics News - Ultraslow Light & Bose-Einstein Condensates: Two-way Control with Coherent Light & Atom Fields". ... Optics & Photonics News. Opticsinfobase.org. 16 (5): 30. Bibcode:2005OptPN..16R..30S. doi:10.1364/OPN.16.5.000030. Retrieved ...
Howard, J. N. (2005). "The History of a Journal: How the Revue d'Optique Became the Journal of Optics". Optics & Photonics News ... editorial) Journal of Optics website Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics website Journal of Optics B: Quantum and ... was renamed Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics. In 2006, Journal of Optics B was merged into Journal of ... Journal of Optics A was renamed Journal of Optics in January 2010, as it is now the only journal continuing the Journal of ...
Optics. Addison-Wesley. p. 101. ISBN 0-321-18878-0. "Refraction". RP Photonics Encyclopedia. RP Photonics Consulting GmbH, Dr. ... Born and Wolf (1959). Principles of Optics. New York, NY: Pergamon Press INC. p. 37. R. Paschotta, article on chromatic ... Birefringence (double refraction) Geometrical optics Huygens-Fresnel principle List of indices of refraction Negative ... In optics, therefore, the law of refraction is typically written as n 1 sin ⁡ θ 1 = n 2 sin ⁡ θ 2 {\displaystyle n_{1}\sin \ ...
Applied optics. Photonics 2001-2040...............................Plasma engineering. Applied plasma dynamics 1-978 ...
Optics & Photonics News is the membership magazine of The Optical Society. It is published monthly (with a double issue in July ... The name of the publication was changed to Optics & Photonics News in January 1990, in light of the dramatic growth of ... Quinn, Jarus W. (February 1975). "From the Publisher". Optics News. 1 (1): 1. "Vote set on renaming Society". Optics News. 15 ( ... photonics, and related topics in physics and engineering. It was established in 1975 as Optics News. The magazine adopted a ...
Fiber optic cable in which the arrangement of fibers within the bundle has been made random so that output light ... ... Our Publications Photonics Spectra BioPhotonics Vision Spectra Photonics Showcase Photonics Buyers Guide Photonics Handbook ... Photonics Dictionary randomized fiber optic cable. Fiber optic cable in which the arrangement of fibers within the bundle has ... Browse by Subject Lasers Optics Imaging Biophotonics Industrial Sensors & Detectors Test & Measurement Light Sources Fiber ...
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Photonics to attend professional development events Including sessions on career choices, salary negotiations, and grant, paper ... SPIE Optics + Photonics professional development events. Enhance your career and hone your skills through these development ... The Great Career Showdown! An Exploration of Careers in Optics and Photonics ...
This section explores photonics and optics, ranging from optical characterization of materials to innovative photonic device ... This section explores photonics and optics, ranging from optical characterization of materials to innovative photonic device ...
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... from leading companies in the optics and photonics community ... daily coverage of the optics & photonics industry and the markets that it serves ... in Computational Electrodynamics and Photonics Inverse Design for Integrated Optics - 18 Sep 23. Leibniz University Hannover, ... Newsletter Product Focus Vision Focus AR/VR/MR Focus Photonex Review Show Daily Photonics Focus ...
Latest Photonics industry Photonics World from Optics.org ... daily coverage of the optics & photonics industry and the ... Quantum Optics Jena completes seven figure euro seed funding. Fraunhofer IOF start-up working to develop photonics-based high ... LASER World of Photonics trade show postponed to April 2022. Covid-19 impacts meeting - but World of Photonics Congress will ... ORC-Zepler: Si-photonics showcase reports dramatic advances. £6 million program, led by Graham Reed, has overcome significant ...
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Viewing Adaptive Optics in a New Light AZoOptics speaks to Phaseform, whose approach to adaptive optics is helping to refine ... MKS Announces Ophir® FoldIR 30-450 mm f/3.4 Compact, Folded Optics Zoom Lens for MWIR Cameras. ... to Cheng Guo about his new report on Weyl semimetals and how they can be employed by researchers in the field of photonics. ...
We will help you manufacture and test your photonics devices more precisely and economically, and with greater peace of mind. ... Optics & Photonics - Achieve accuracy & throughput that are light years ahead of your competition. Achieve accuracy & ... For Photonic Integrated Circuits (PiC), Silicon Integrated Photonics (SiPh) and micro-optics, were the performance leader in ... Our photonics systems, including the FiberMaxHP and hexapod systems, give you the advantage of high-precision lab performance ...
... optics, and electronics to design and maintain systems in fiber optics, aerospace, medical, and more. 4-year transfer ... Optics and Photonics. Optics and Photonics Technology involves the practical application of light, optics, and electronics in ... optics, and electronics needed to design, test and maintain complex optics and photonics systems. ... The Optics and Photonics Technology Degree program prepares engineering technicians with the knowledge and skills of lasers, ...
Optics and photonics - Environmental test methods - Part 9: Solar radiation and weathering ... Optics and photonics. Environmental test methods. Part 9: Solar radiation and weathering. Status : Published (Under review) ...
Phoseon Technology Exhibits LED Curing Solutions at OPTICS PHOTONICS International Exhibition 2017 - Apr 13, 2017 - Phoseon ... OPTICS & PHOTONICS International Exhibition 2017 will take place at the Pacifico Yokohama Conference Center on April 19-21 in ... Phoseon Technology Exhibits LED Curing Solutions at OPTICS & PHOTONICS International Exhibition 2017. Phoseon Technology Apr 13 ... Phoseon will showcase the latest UV LED curing solutions for industrial applications at the upcoming OPTICS & PHOTONICS ...
AZoOptics is the worlds leading online publication for the Optics & Photonics community. ... Optics News and Photonics News from across the Globe. ... The Importance of Optics in Machine Vision Systems. Szymon ... Emerging Trends in Silicon Photonics for Datacom and Telecom. Sponsored Content. What are the Working Principles of PID ... Universal Adaptive Optics for Microscopy with Embedded Neural Networks In several scientific disciplines, such as biochemistry ...
The C13398 series is an optics module for absorbance measurement featuring high blocking performance (OD>4) and low noise. It ... Youre headed to Hamamatsu Photonics website for GB (English). If you want to view an other countrys site, the optimized ... The C13398 series is an optics module for absorbance measurement featuring high blocking performance (OD,4) and low noise. It ...
Fiber optic plates (FOP). FAC lenses. Collimating capillary lenses. Capillary plates. Flow cells. LCOS-SLM (optical phase ... Fiber optic plates (FOP). Optical devices comprised of a bundle of micron-sized optical fibers. Used as a lens to transmit ... Youre headed to Hamamatsu Photonics website for GB (English). If you want to view an other countrys site, the optimized ...
Photonics is concerned with the use of light to process, manipulate and transmit information. It underpins the growth of ... Fibre-optic Sensor for Oil and Gas Industry. Fibre-optics and photonics laboratory in the School of Engineering and Information ... The research in fibre-optics and photonics at Charles Darwin University is leaded by A/Prof Erwin Chan, who is a senior IEEE ... Research in fibre-optics and photonics at Charles Darwin University focuses on microwave photonic signal processing, which ...
Optics (PG&O) Raptor Photonics Ltd. Schneider Optics Sensors Unlimited Vision Research Zygo Corporation ... SPIE, The International Society For Optics And Photonics, Announces Its 2023 Society Awards. Source: SPIE, the international ... BELLINGHAM, Washington, USA - The Awards Committee of SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, today announced ... For bringing together the European optics and photonics community, for encouraging students toward leadership activities, and ...
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SPIE Photonics West booth number: 1615. To Learn More:. Contact:Edmund Optics. Headquarters: Barrington, NJ. Product: TECHSPEC ... Edmund Optics to showcase λ/20 PCX lenses at SPIE Photonics West 2015. ... Science & ResearchLasers & SourcesDetectors & ImagingOpticsBio & Life SciencesLaser ProcessingFiber OpticsSoftware & ... What Edmund Optics says:. View more information on the TECHSPEC λ/20 PCX lenses.. View More Products. Locate a vendor or system ...
Matthew Dale takes a look at some of the space technologies presented at Laser World of Photonics, including lidar for global ... Space meets laser world of photonics forum, which took place on 27 June at Laser World of Photonics. Such technology promises ... In orbit, in the air or even on the ground, photonics technologies give us a precise big picture on climate change, discovers ... Matthew Dale takes a look at some of the space technologies presented at Laser World of Photonics, including lidar for global ...
... the international society for optics and photonics, for her potential contributions to the field of optics, photonics, or ... Almantas Galvanauskas; Graduate students; Honors and Awards; Lasers and Optics; Optics and Photonics; Student News ... Lauren Cooper awarded Optics and Photonics Education Scholarship from SPIE. June 29, 2022 ... ECE PhD student Lauren Cooper has been awarded a 2022 Optics and Photonics Education Scholarship by SPIE, ...
2009 © Optics & Photonics Focus. GV is currently working on his doctoral thesis at ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, ...
8 million electronics and photonics research centre in Torbay, in the South West of England ... The UKs photonics sector is estimated to contribute over £12.9 billion annually to the countrys economy, growing at around ... Expected to open in Spring 2019, the Electronics and Photonics Innovation Centre (EPIC) will build on the strengths of the hi ... Construction has begun on a new £8 million electronics and photonics research centre in Torbay, in the South West of England. ...
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  • ECE PhD student Lauren Cooper has been awarded a 2022 Optics and Photonics Education Scholarship by SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, for her potential contributions to the field of optics, photonics, or related field. (umich.edu)
  • Expected to open in Spring 2019, the Electronics and Photonics Innovation Centre (EPIC) will build on the strengths of the hi tech sector in Torbay and provide a centre of excellence for photonics and electronics businesses across the South West. (electrooptics.com)
  • For sustained and ongoing leadership in the silicon photonics field, particularly in the area of silicon photonics modulators, mid-IR silicon photonics, and integrated lidar. (photonicsonline.com)
  • This book will be used during the following courses: Optics and optical design, Lasers, Photonics and Optical communication, Advanced Optics and Lasers of the Photonics program. (lu.se)
  • HILLSBORO, OR - (April 10, 2017) - Phoseon will showcase the latest UV LED curing solutions for industrial applications at the upcoming OPTICS & PHOTONICS International Exhibition 2017, which including the OPIE 2017 and IR+UV Expo in Yokohama, Japan. (thomasnet.com)
  • OPTICS & PHOTONICS International Exhibition 2017 will take place at the Pacifico Yokohama Conference Center on April 19-21 in Yokohama, Japan. (thomasnet.com)
  • OPIE 2017 and IR+UV Expo are co-located with LASER EXPO, LENS EXPO, Positioning EXPO, Medical & Imaging EXPO, Space & Astronomical Optics EXPO and Industrial Camera EXPO. (thomasnet.com)
  • When the product debuted at a Photonics West booth in 2017, some onlookers wondered if it was a toy, perhaps because of its compact size and low price. (optica-opn.org)
  • World of Lasers and Optics has become a part of this movement. (photonics-expo.ru)
  • I first became interested in lasers and optics in the 1970s when I was an undergrad. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dr. Tromberg spoke with NIH MedlinePlus Magazine in early 2020 , and now he's sitting down with us again to talk about his love of lasers, the light-speed advances in optics and photonics he's witnessed and contributed to throughout his career, and the unique role that NIBIB has played in NIH's COVID-19 response. (medlineplus.gov)
  • J.C. Lu, Y. Yuan, Z. Duan, G.Y. Zhao and S. Svanberg, Short-range Remote Sensing of Water Quality by a Handheld Fluorosensor System, Applied Optics 59 , C1-C7 (2020). (lu.se)
  • Optics, in Press (2020). (lu.se)
  • Edmund Optics provides a breadth of ultrafast optics , including low GDD ultrafast mirrors , highly dispersive ultrafast mirrors , compression prisms , reflective objectives and beam expanders , and nonlinear crystals . (rp-photonics.com)
  • It is published monthly (with a double issue in July/August) and covers developments in optics, photonics, and related topics in physics and engineering. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research in fibre-optics and photonics at Charles Darwin University focuses on microwave photonic signal processing, which explores powerful new paradigms for processing high-bandwidth signals. (edu.au)
  • Research also focuses on optical communications, nonlinear fibre optics, optically-controlled phased arrays, gigahertz/terahertz photonics in communication and radar systems, and fibre-optic sensors. (edu.au)
  • The research in fibre-optics and photonics at Charles Darwin University is leaded by A/Prof Erwin Chan, who is a senior IEEE member and has contributed over 100 technical publications in this area, and was the recipient of the University of Sydney Early Career Development Award and the Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded by the Australian Research Council. (edu.au)
  • Charles Darwin University offers PhD and Masters by Research programs in the fibre-optics and photonics area. (edu.au)
  • The official course literature consists of the course book, Fundamentals of Photonics , and laboratory instructions. (lu.se)
  • The teaching consists of lectures, two laboratory sessions (non-linear optics, ultrafast optics (titanium-sapphire laser)) including preparatory laser safety, group work and a project in optical design by means of a modern ray tracing program. (lu.se)
  • For decades of transformative design solutions across a broad range of optical products including photographic lenses, microscopy objectives, medical-imaging instrumentation, laser optics, metrology systems, and infrared optics. (photonicsonline.com)
  • Covid-19 impacts meeting - but World of Photonics Congress will switch to digital format between June 20th-24th, 2021. (optics.org)
  • Since 1982, the last issue of each year has included a "year in optics" feature, including summaries of some of the most notable work in optics and photonic science and engineering over the previous 12 months. (wikipedia.org)
  • For Photonic Integrated Circuits (PiC), Silicon Integrated Photonics (SiPh) and micro-optics, we're the performance leader in the automation of test, inspection, alignment, assembly and packaging applications. (aerotech.com)
  • A consortium of integrated photonics companies have jointly urged the European Union to back their initiative aimed at establishing a robust supply chain for photonic integrated circuits. (electrooptics.com)
  • What drew you to optic and photonic technologies? (medlineplus.gov)
  • SPIE, the International Society for Optics and Photonics , is a not-for-profit society that is dedicated to advancing scientific research and engineering applications of optical, photonic, imaging, and optoelectronic technologies through its meetings, education programs, and publications. (lu.se)
  • Get access to facilities that can support your product development in photonics, light, and optics for applications including sensors, light sources, lighting products, and retroreflective materials. (forcetechnology.com)
  • Access to photonics technology facilitates disruptive innovation-a prerequisite for digitalisation and innovation in Denmark, given that photonics technology supports the development of devices like new optical sensors, which can be integrated into products and manufacturing systems. (forcetechnology.com)
  • The ultimate promises of emerging binary optics technology include sheet optics by the square meter, high-quality throwaway optical sensors, and arrays of hundreds of small modular lasers coherently added to form powerful laser beams. (optica-opn.org)
  • The Optics + Photonics Exhibition is a free, three day opportunity for researchers and engineers to connect with leading companies as they showcase the newest products and the latest technologies. (spie.org)
  • Quantum optics describes how individual quanta of light, the photons, interact with atoms, molecules and larger pieces of matter. (lu.se)
  • Hangzhou Shalom Electro-optics Technology Co., Ltd. (rp-photonics.com)
  • assess and find optical methods to develop new advanced technological applications, methods and systems based on polarization, non-linear, optics, acousto-optics, electro-optics, coherence and ultrashort pulses. (lu.se)
  • Optics & Photonics News is the membership magazine of The Optical Society. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was established in 1975 as Optics News. (wikipedia.org)
  • The name of the publication was changed to Optics & Photonics News in January 1990, in light of the dramatic growth of photonics as a new discipline in the wake of the discovery of the laser. (wikipedia.org)
  • Optics News. (wikipedia.org)
  • A round up of this week's coronavirus-related news and countermeasures from the photonics industry. (optics.org)
  • Fiber optic cable in which the arrangement of fibers within the bundle has been made random so that output light will be uniformly distributed and not relay the image of the light source at the input end. (photonics.com)
  • This means you can stack a whole bunch of pulses, which allows you to fit hundreds of millions of conversations into a single fiber optic cable. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Construction has begun on a new £8 million electronics and photonics research centre in Torbay, in the South West of England. (electrooptics.com)
  • Delivered with support from the Heart of the South West Local Economic Partnership, this new Electronics and Photonics Innovation Centre will help put Torbay on the map for technological innovation and cutting-edge research while supporting local businesses and attracting investment. (electrooptics.com)
  • The facility will promote collaborative activity between businesses and research institutions, while accommodating and supporting start up and spin-off companies and foreign direct investment relevant to the microelectronics and photonics sector,' said Gordon Oliver, Torbay's elected mayor and executive lead for finance and regeneration. (electrooptics.com)
  • From innovation and initial concepts to manufacturing the final product, Orlando's ecosystem of talent and attractive cost of doing business supports a thriving cluster of companies developing semiconductors, microelectronics and optics and photonics technology. (orlando.org)
  • See us at Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science in Tacoma, Washington, USA, Oct. 08-12 (booth 310)! (rp-photonics.com)
  • The enhanced FiberAlign® FAe series is a high-performance photonics aligning system incorporating state-of-the-art drive and axis control technology. (aerotech.com)
  • The Optics and Photonics Technology Degree program prepares engineering technicians with the knowledge and skills of lasers, optics, and electronics needed to design, test and maintain complex optics and photonics systems. (stcc.edu)
  • For the development of technologies and the founding and co-founding of companies utilizing biomedical optics that advanced the fields of medicine and medical technology. (photonicsonline.com)
  • The EU has named photonics a Key Enabling Technology, and it is one of the most important foundational technologies for the products of the future. (forcetechnology.com)
  • Photonics technology plays a key role in providing the most effective, lowest-cost approaches for diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and maintaining a healthy U.S. citizenry. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Orlando has a uniquely competitive position for optics and photonics companies due to its longstanding history in aerospace technology and manufacturing. (orlando.org)
  • Orlando is one of only four major optics & photonics clusters in the U.S. It's like a Silicon Valley here in Orlando focused on optics and photonics technology. (orlando.org)
  • Fast forward to today and, thanks to advances in computing and optics and photonics technologies, lasers have gone from a relatively rare, specialized technology to something that's deeply embedded in our daily lives. (medlineplus.gov)
  • AZoOptics speaks to Phaseform, whose approach to adaptive optics is helping to refine optic technologies across applications like life sciences microscopy and optical inspection. (azooptics.com)
  • The European Photonics Industry Consortium (EPIC) has put together some informative webinars to highlight photonics can do to support humanity in finding tools to face and defeat the Coronavirus COVID-19 and similar threats to the community. (resolveoptics.com)
  • Ultrafast optics means optical elements which are specifically made or optimized for use in the field of ultrafast optics. (rp-photonics.com)
  • 24 suppliers for ultrafast optics are listed in the RP Photonics Buyer's Guide. (rp-photonics.com)
  • Besides, UltraFast Innovations (UFI) has a wide range of optical components which are suitable for ultrafast optics, e.g. mirrors and spectral filters . (rp-photonics.com)
  • To precisely characterize the dispersion of ultrafast optics over the 500 - 1650 nm range, consider Thorlabs' Chromatis dispersion measurement system with the InGaAs detector add-on option. (rp-photonics.com)
  • Light propagation in anisotropic materials, · Acusto-optical effects and modulators, · Electro-optical effects and modulators, · Non-linear interaction between light and matter, · Ultrafast optics, propagation of short laser pulses in dispersive non-linear media, · Basic laser safety. (lu.se)
  • Fraunhofer IOF start-up working to develop photonics-based high-security QKD communication systems and other products. (optics.org)
  • Our photonics systems , including the FiberMaxHP and hexapod s ystems, give you the advantage of high-precision lab performance and production-level speed. (aerotech.com)
  • The demand for internet-related information access as well as high-speed data, e-commerce and multimedia services fuels exponential demand for bandwidth around the world, which drives the rapid growth of broadband fibre-optic systems. (edu.au)
  • Particle Measuring Systems provides you with the tools to determine how clean your photonics & optics manufacturing environment is, and can help you keep it that way. (pmeasuring.com)
  • Plus, our precision motion control and advanced mechatronics provide micro-and nano-level accuracy to meet the tightest tolerances found in today's optics and photonics industry. (aerotech.com)
  • Thorlabs manufactures a wide range of laser optics specifically designed for ultrafast applications, including mirrors with a specialized coating optimized for use with femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers, low GDD beamsplitters and mirrors, and chirped mirrors. (rp-photonics.com)
  • Our Femtoline laser optics are tailored for applications with high power ultrashort laser pulses. (rp-photonics.com)
  • The course treats the quantization of the electromagnetic field, the photon concept, the quantum-mechanical description of light-matter interaction, basic properties of lasers, quantum information, laser cooling, as well as a variety of applications in photonics. (lu.se)
  • How did your work in optics and photonics lead you to biomedicine and biomedical engineering? (medlineplus.gov)
  • To rectify light wavefront aberrations caused by intrinsic optical system limits and non-uniform sample structures, adaptive optics, or AO, have been employed in microscopes. (azooptics.com)
  • Dr. Tromberg uses the science of optics and photonics (light and light-based technologies) to develop new techniques for biomedical imaging and therapy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I came in with lasers, optics, and fiber optics (which take light from one place to another), but my gateway to biology was in cancer at the National Cancer Institute's biomedical imaging program. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prof. Boudoux's book covers a comprehensive range of topics in biomedical optics and biophotonics. (lu.se)
  • The methods given in this document are intended to be used for the testing and characterization of both continuous wave (cw) and pulsed laser beams used in optics and optical instruments. (ansi.org)
  • You can have your products tested at our laboratories, which feature an extensive portfolio of equipment for characterising, testing, and troubleshooting photonics products. (forcetechnology.com)
  • Contact us if you need testing for products in photonics, light, and optics. (forcetechnology.com)
  • Get access to innovation, development, and testing of future-proof photonics products. (forcetechnology.com)
  • IL Photonics sells optics cleaning products Purosol in Israel. (ilphotonics.com)
  • Advanced optics manufacturing requires much cleaner processing environments than were necessary in the past. (pmeasuring.com)
  • Optics & Photonics Days is an annual central event in the area of Optics and Photonics in Finland and will take place on the 1 - 3 December 2021 in Turku, Finland. (europeanoptics.org)
  • Describe how methods of quantum optics are applied in experiments such as parametric oscillators and laser cooling. (lu.se)
  • The potential of using lasers to transmit data between satellites in space or to and from Earth was discussed during the 'Space meets laser world of photonics' forum, which took place on 27 June at Laser World of Photonics. (electrooptics.com)
  • Journal of Lasers, Optics & Photonics provides the rapid Tri-Annual publication of articles in all areas related to Signal crystal, laser diode, laser spectrum, Nano photonics, optics, etc. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • Photonics is concerned with the use of light to process, manipulate and transmit information. (edu.au)
  • Pursuing the aim of raising awareness about how light-based technologies promote sustainable development and provide solutions to global challenges in energy, education, agriculture and health, Photonics. (photonics-expo.ru)
  • I was obsessed with optics and photonics―what is light? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Auburn, MA - In its latest white paper, the authors explain how photonics engineers and scientists can benefit from the latest alignment algorithms. (azooptics.com)
  • Cooper is a member of the Graduate Society for Women Engineers, the Optics Society at the University of Michigan, and Eta Kappa Nu (HKN), the Honor Society for Electrical and Computer Engineers, and she serves as an ECE Student Ambassador . (umich.edu)
  • Shalom EO offers ultrafast optical components used in femtosecond lasers, with both off-the-shelf and optics with custom dimensions available. (rp-photonics.com)