Optical Rotatory Dispersion
Spectrum Analysis
Subunits of the alkaline phosphatase of Bacillus licheniformis: chemical, physicochemical, and dissociation studies. (1/91)
The alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphydrolase, EC 3.1.3.1) of Bacillus licheniformis MC14 was studied in an attempt to determine the number of subunits contained in the 120,000-molecular-weight native enzyme. Two moles of arginine was liberated per mole of native enzyme by carboxypeptidases A and B in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The effect on the native enzyme of progressively lowering the solvent buffer pH was monitored by determining the molecular weight by sedimentation equilibrium analysis, the sedimentation coefficient, the frictional coefficient, and the percent alpha-helix content of the enzyme. The alkaline phosphatase dissociates into two subunits around pH 4. At pH 2.8 a further decrease in S value, but no change in molecular weight, is observed, indicating a change in conformation. The frictional coefficients and percent alpha-helix content agree with this interpretation. A subunit molecular weight of 59,000 was calculated from sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. (+info)Chemical modification of yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. (2/91)
Sulfhydryl reagents, as well as mild hydrogen peroxide oxidation, do not inhibit the activity of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase, indicating that the single thiol group and 3 methionine residues present in the enzyme are not essential for activity. Nitration of phosphoglycerate kinase by tetranitromethane inhibits the enzyme by reaction with a single tyrosine residue. Substrates provide partial protection against inactivation by nitration. Circular dichroism spectra indicate that no conformational changes occur upon nitration. However, perturbation of the microenvironment surrounding the aromatic amino acid residues, particularly tyrosine, was observed. The same perturbation was observed on addition of the substrate 3-phosphoglycerate kinase to native phosphoglycerate kinase. The role of lysine in the action of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase has been studied by modification with O-methylisourea, 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone, and pyridoxal phosphate. Guanidination shows that there are lysines essential for phosphoglycerate kinase; extrapolation to zero activity indicates that there are three essential lysines as judged by nitrotroponylation and three essential lysines when the enzyme is reacted with pyridoxal phosphate. Substrates afford partial protection and extrapolation to total protection indicates that up to three lysines are protected by MgITP and one lysine by 3-phosphoglycerate. Spectrofluorescence and optical rotatory dispersion measurements show that there is no detectable conformational change for the guanidinated phosphoglycerate kinase and that there are slight changes in the spectra suggesting that there may be slight conformational changes for the nitrotroponylated and the pyridoxal phosphate-modified enzymes. (+info)Synthesis of pppGpN type dinucleotide derivatives: the 5' end sequence of some RNAs. (3/91)
A rapid and simple synthesis of pppGpN type /N equals C, U or A/ diribonucleotide derivatives is described by coupling guanosine 2', 3'-cyclic phosphate 5'-triphosphate with the appropriate ribonucleoside in the presence of ribonuclease T-1. (+info)The use of s-2-cyanoethyl phosphorothioate in the preparation of oligo 5'-deoxy-5'-thiothymidylates. (4/91)
An improvement of our strategy for the stepwise synthesis of oligo 5'-deoxy-5'-thiodeoxyribonucleotides [Chladek and Nagyvary (1972) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94, 2079] involves the use of 5'-O-tosylthymidine 3'-S-2-cyanoethyl phosphorothioate. The displacement of the tosylate by thymidine 3'-phosphorothioate and subsequent alkaline deblocking afforded the dinucleotide (Tps)2. The process of displacement and deblocking was repeated three more times at an average yield of 30 percent per step. The corresponding bifunctional derivative of deoxyadenosine was found much less reactive and practically unsuitable for repeated chain elongation. The ORD and CD spectra of the analogs are similar to those of the natural oligonucleotides. (+info)Broad-specificity proteinase inhibitors in Scopolia japonica (Solanaceae) cultured cells. Isolation, physicochemical properties, and inhibition kinetics. (5/91)
Proteinase inhibitors were isolated from Scopolia japonica cultured cells. Isolation procedures involve concentration by a hydrophobic resin of Diaion HP-20, decolorization by Duolite A-7, affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose, and Bio-Gel P-4 chromatography. It was found that the proteinase inhibitors from S. japonica cells are a mixture of at least five components. For the inhibitory components except one, amino acid analyses, measurements of sedimentation equilibrium and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) were carried out. The inhibitors were shown to be the polypeptides with molecular weights in the range of approximately 4000 to 6000. In addition, one of them was found to have approximately 15% alpha-helical conformation by the Moffitt-Yang analysis of ORD data. The inhibitors were found to have potent inhibitory activity for trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, kallikrein and pepsin but not for papain with synthetic and natural substrates. These inhibitors formed stable complexes with trypsin and chymotrypsin in an equimolar ratio, and their inhibitory mechanisms for both enzymes were of non-competitive type. (+info)The extraction and characterization of bovine epidermal alpha-keratin. (6/91)
1. The alpha-fibrous protein (alpha-keratin) component of bovine epidermis has been extracted and characterized. 2. Prekeratin, a multichain unit of the epidermal tonofilaments, was shown to consist of six different polypeptide chains on polyacrylamide-gel systems containing sodium dodecyl sulphate or sodium decyl sulphate with discontinuous gel buffers, but only three chains were seen when a gel system containing sodium dodecyl sulphate with a continuous gel buffer was used. 3. Extraction of the 'keratinized' stratum corneum and the living part of the epidermis with urea buffers at pH 7.6 or 9.0 released 60% of the total dry weight of the tissues in the form of alpha-helical polypeptides. 4. The numbers, relative amounts and properties of the extracted polypeptides were the same as the subunits of prekeratin and thus are derived from the tonofilaments in situ. 5. The subunits of prekeratin and the polypeptides extracted from the living cell layers contained an average of six cysteine residues, but those from the stratum corneum contained an average of three intrachain disulphide bonds. 6. The polypeptide chains aggregated through non-covalent interactions in vitro into filaments that were similar to the tonofilaments. 7. Since the polypeptides could be released from the stratum corneum without breaking covalent bonds, it is concluded that such bonds do not cross-link the tonofilaments and non-fibrous keratohyalin. It is suggested that the tonofilaments and keratohyalin of bovine epidermis are associated by secondary bonding forces. (+info)Complexes of poly(adenylic acid) with complementary monomers. (7/91)
The interaction of a number of potentially complementary monomers with poly(A) has been investigated by equilibrium dialysis, optical rotatory dispersion and ultraviolet absorption measurements. Experiments were conducted at pH 7.0, 0.15 M Na+, where poly(A) exists as a random coil with some degree of base-stacking, and at pH 6.0, 0.15 M Na+, where poly(A) adopts the protonated double-helical acid form structure below 15 degrees C. Binding isotherms show that, at 3.5 degrees C, poly(A) forms a 1 : 1 complex with xanthine at pH 6, and a 2:1 complex at pH 7, while oxoformycin forms a 1:1 complex with poly(A) at both pH 6 and pH 7. Poly(A) forms a complex, tentatively assigned 1:1 stoichiometry, with 8-azaxanthine at pH 6, but no complexing occurs at pH 7. The complexes have been characterized by their optical rotatory dispersion and ultraviolet spectra, their thermal stabilities, and their rates of formation at low temperature. All the complexes are laevorotatory at long wavelengths (greater than 300 nm) and unplex formation at low temperature is a slow process requiring many hours for completion. The complexes of poly(A) with 3-methylxanthine have been reinvestigated and shown to undergo normal helix-coil transitions; the anomalous melting behaviour noted previously [Biopolymers, 10, 21 -- 33 (1971)] has been explained. From a comparison of optical rotatory dispersion spectra, it is concluded that the poly(A) with 3-methylxanthine have similar structures, which are quite different from the structures of the corresponding complexes with 7-methylxanthine. The structures and properties of the poly(A) - monomer complexes are discussed, and compared with those of other polynucleotide - monomer complexes. No significant interaction was observed between poly(A) and hypoxanthine, allopurinol, 6,8-dihydroxypurine, 1-methylxanthine, 9-methylxanthine, theophylline, theobromine or 3,9-dimethylxanthine. (+info)Conformation, enzymic activity, and immunochemistry of a lysozyme derivative modified at tryptophan 123 by reaction with 2,3-dioxo-5-indolinesulfonic acid. (8/91)
Reaction of hen egg-white lysozyme with 2,3-dioxo-5-indolinesulfonic acid (DISA) yielded a homogeneous derivative which was modified at a single tryptophan residue. The modification was located at Trp-123. The absorption spectrum of the derivative showed a new peak in the visible range with lambdamax at 365 nm. In addition, the absorption maximum in the ultraviolet which appears in lysozyme at 280 nm was shifted to 270 nm in the derivative and appreciably enhanced. In ORD measurements, the rotatory behaviors of lysozyme and its derivative were identical at the 233 nm negative minimum and the 199 nm positive extremum. CD measurements gave equal [theta] values for lysozyme and derivative at the two negative ellipticity bands at 208 and 220 nm. Although no conformational differences between lysozyme and derivative were observed by ORD and CD measurements, some changes were detectable by chemical methods. Accessibility to tryptic hydrolysis and susceptibility of the disulfide bonds to reduction were increased in the derivative relative to lysozyme. The lytic activity of the derivative, which retained the same pH optimum as native lysozyme, was greatly (50%) decreased, probably as a result of the slight conformational change. With several antisera to lysozyme, the native protein and its derivative had equal antigenic reactivities. The findings were instrumental in further delineation of an antigenic reactive site in lysozyme. (+info)Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) is a phenomenon in which plane-polarized light is rotated as it passes through an optically active substance. It is a measure of the difference in refractive index between left and right circularly polarized light, and is dependent on the wavelength of the light. ORD is used to determine the optical purity and absolute configuration of chiral molecules, particularly in the field of stereochemistry. The magnitude and sign of the rotation can provide information about the concentration and type of optically active compound present in a sample.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "spectrum analysis" is not a commonly used medical term. Spectrum analysis is a term that is more frequently used in the fields of physics, mathematics, and engineering to describe the process of breaking down a signal or a wave into its different frequencies and amplitudes, creating a visual representation called a spectrum.
If you have any concerns about a medical issue, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional for accurate information and guidance.
Circular dichroism (CD) is a technique used in physics and chemistry to study the structure of molecules, particularly large biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. It measures the difference in absorption of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light by a sample. This difference in absorption can provide information about the three-dimensional structure of the molecule, including its chirality or "handedness."
In more technical terms, CD is a form of spectroscopy that measures the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light as a function of wavelength. The CD signal is measured in units of millidegrees (mdeg) and can be positive or negative, depending on the type of chromophore and its orientation within the molecule.
CD spectra can provide valuable information about the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins, as well as the conformation of nucleic acids. For example, alpha-helical proteins typically exhibit a strong positive band near 190 nm and two negative bands at around 208 nm and 222 nm, while beta-sheet proteins show a strong positive band near 195 nm and two negative bands at around 217 nm and 175 nm.
CD spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying the structural changes that occur in biological molecules under different conditions, such as temperature, pH, or the presence of ligands or other molecules. It can also be used to monitor the folding and unfolding of proteins, as well as the binding of drugs or other small molecules to their targets.
Optical rotatory dispersion - Wikipedia
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Circular dichroism6
- If the entire optical rotatory dispersion spectrum is known, the circular dichroism spectrum can be calculated, and vice versa. (wikipedia.org)
- An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image is said to be chiral, and optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism are known as chiroptical properties. (wikipedia.org)
- These properties account for the fact that optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism are widely used in organic and inorganic chemistry and in biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
- In the absence of magnetic fields, only chiral substances exhibit optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. (wikipedia.org)
- Chapter four includes a section on optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, and the final chapter of this part finishes off with an introduction to computational methods. (rsc.org)
- This paper presents a comprehensive overview on the discovery and development of optical activity and chiroptical spectroscopy since the nineteenth century, with emphasis on the background and basic principles of the development of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), electron circular dichroism (ECD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. (pku.edu.cn)
Magnetic4
- Magnetic optical rotation is known as the Faraday effect, and its wavelength dependence is known as magnetic optical rotatory dispersion. (wikipedia.org)
- For a rotatory motion, magnetic Janus particles (MJPs) may be used instead. (nature.com)
- Although the self-assembly of CNCs in N* films has been extensively studied,17−20,28−34 the effect of NPs on the structure and optical properties of resulting composite materials remains largely unexplored.35 Initial reports focused on in situ synthesis of noble-metal and magnetic NPs36−38 or mesoporous silica,39 using CNCs as a reducing agent and NP stabilizer. (docksci.com)
- We have used proton magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) to study the self-association of bovine -lac- toglobulin variant A (BLG-A) as a function of temperature at pH 4.7 (dimer-octamer equilibrium) and as a function of NaCl concentration at pH 2.5 (monomer-dimer equilibrium). (lu.se)
Proteins1
- Optical Rotatory Dispersion and the Main Chain Conformation of Proteins. (smartguyz.com)
Spectroscopy2
- Traceability and Development of Optical Activity and Chiroptical Spectroscopy[J]. University Chemistry, 2022, 37(1): 2105009. (pku.edu.cn)
- Techniques such as IR and UV spectroscopy, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography, and optical rotatory dispersion are used to determine the components of perfume ( 6 ). (acs.org)
Activity4
- It depends on the fact that optical activity is actually circular birefringence. (wikipedia.org)
- Mason S. F. Molecular Optical Activity and Chiral Discriminations Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982. (pku.edu.cn)
- Nafie L. A. Vibrational Optical Activity: Principles and Applications Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2011, pp. 1- 34. (pku.edu.cn)
- Barron L. D. Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity 2nd ed. (pku.edu.cn)
Rotation4
- Optical rotatory dispersion is the variation in the optical rotation of a substance with a change in the wavelength of light. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] This dependence of specific rotation on wavelength is called optical rotatory dispersion. (wikipedia.org)
- The first accounts in most cases for the majority of the variation in rotation and should not strictly be termed rotatory dispersion. (wikipedia.org)
- 3.2 The basis of the 100°Z point of the International Sugar Scale [3,4] is the optical rotation of the normal solution of pure sucrose (3.1) at the wavelength of the green line of the mercury isotope 198Hg (546.2271 nm in vacuo) at 20.00 °C in a 200.000 mm tube. (atago.net)
Study2
- The study, titled "Quantum Optical Rotatory Disperson" and published in interdisciplinary journal Science Advances today, developed a new technique to allow chemists to learn about the position of atoms in a molecule - called quantum optical rotatory dispersion. (rdworldonline.com)
- Memory effects in carbocation rearrangements: structural and dynamic study of the norborn-2-en-7-ylmethyl-X solvolysis case. (chemistnotes.com)
Absolute configuration1
- Optical rotatory dispersion can be used to find the absolute configuration of metal complexes. (wikipedia.org)
Properties5
- Optical and spectroscopic properties of human whole blood and plasma with and without Y2O3 and Nd³? (jefferson.edu)
- The effect of gold nanoparticle size, surface charge, and concentration on the structural and optical properties of the composite films has been studied. (docksci.com)
- The size and surface charge of gold nanoparticles had a minor effect on the structure and properties of the composite films, while the concentration of gold nanoparticles in the composite material played a more significant role and can be used to fine-tune the optical properties of materials derived from cellulose nanocrystals. (docksci.com)
- The simplicity of film preparation, the abundance of cellulose nanocrystals, and the robust, free-standing nature of the composite films offer highly advantageous features and pave the way for the generation of functional materials with coupled optical properties. (docksci.com)
- The objective of the present work was to explore the effect of dimensions, surface charge, and concentration of shape-isotropic plasmonic NPs on the structure and optical properties of composite CNC-based films. (docksci.com)
Determine1
- Because of an interfering relaxation dispersion from nanosecond water exchange, we cannot determine the oligomer populations at intermediate salt concentrations. (lu.se)
Find1
- Ultimately we hope our findings can be used to find new ways to improve instruments like optical sensors and telescopes," said Associate Prof. Molina-Terriza. (rdworldonline.com)
Journal1
- Berreman, D. W. Optics in Stratified and Anisotropic Media: 4⤫4-Matrix Formulation // Journal of the Optical Society of America. (jfop.ru)
Polarized light1
- In addition to this pseudodispersion which depends on the material thickness, there is a true rotatory dispersion which depends on the variation with wavelength of the indices of refraction for right and left circularly polarized light. (wikipedia.org)
Circular8
- It depends on the fact that optical activity is actually circular birefringence. (wikipedia.org)
- If the entire optical rotatory dispersion spectrum is known, the circular dichroism spectrum can be calculated, and vice versa. (wikipedia.org)
- An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image is said to be chiral, and optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism are known as chiroptical properties. (wikipedia.org)
- These properties account for the fact that optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism are widely used in organic and inorganic chemistry and in biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
- In the absence of magnetic fields, only chiral substances exhibit optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. (wikipedia.org)
- The optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of (+)-garcinia acid dimethyl ester have been measured and analyzed by comparison with the corresponding spectra predicted by quantum chemical methods for (2S,3S)-garcinia acid dimethyl ester. (nih.gov)
- Electronic absorption spectroscopy Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism Fluorescence and phosphorescence techniques Electron spectroscopies (PES, XPS), EXAFS, etc. (researchhelpdesk.org)
- Additional electromagnetic properties of a helical structure, such as chirality, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism can also further combine to enhance the sensing performance. (utrgv.edu)
Absorption1
- The two phenomena are closely related, just as are ordinary absorption and dispersion. (wikipedia.org)
Dependence2
- citation needed] This dependence of specific rotation on wavelength is called optical rotatory dispersion. (wikipedia.org)
- Magnetic optical rotation is known as the Faraday effect, and its wavelength dependence is known as magnetic optical rotatory dispersion. (wikipedia.org)
Methods1
- Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data [ 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD)] and chemical methods. (degruyter.com)
Enhance1
- The ODYSSEUS team will also work together to acquire and provide contemporaneous observations at X-ray, optical, near-IR, and mm wavelengths to enhance the impact of the ULLYSES data. (nuva.eu)
Analysis2
- The rotatory polarization of acousto-optic crystal is taken into account in this analysis. (lightfc.com)
- According to the analysis, we advance a suitable value in designing the optical wedge at the output facet to reduce the adverse action of dispersion. (lightfc.com)
High1
- Since TeO2 crystals with high spatial resolution (typically 100 lines/mm) and large optical apertures are available, they can be applied for more spectral imaging applications[8]. (lightfc.com)