Olfactory Perception
Odors
Olfactory Bulb
Olfactory Pathways
Receptors, Odorant
Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Olfaction Disorders
Perception
Olfactory Nerve
Olfactory Marker Protein
Visual Perception
Social Perception
Tonic and stimulus-evoked nitric oxide production in the mouse olfactory bulb. (1/380)
(+info)Olfactory function in Australian aboriginal children and chronic otitis media. (2/380)
(+info)Synergy and masking in odor mixtures: an electrophysiological study of orthonasal vs. retronasal perception. (3/380)
(+info)The Odor Awareness Scale: a new scale for measuring positive and negative odor awareness. (4/380)
(+info)Olfaction as a model system for the neurobiology of mammalian short-term habituation. (5/380)
(+info)Changes in olfactory function with several pregnancies? (6/380)
(+info)Investigation of breathing parameters during odor perception and olfactory imagery. (7/380)
(+info)Natural odor ligands for olfactory receptor neurons of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti: use of gas chromatography-linked single sensillum recordings. (8/380)
(+info)Olfactory perception refers to the ability to perceive and recognize odors or smells, which is mediated by olfactory receptor neurons located in the nasal cavity. These neurons detect and transmit information about chemical compounds present in the inhaled air to the brain, specifically to the primary olfactory cortex, where the perception of smell is processed and integrated with other sensory inputs. Olfactory perception plays a crucial role in various aspects of human behavior, including food selection, safety, and emotional responses.
In medical terms, the sense of smell is referred to as olfaction. It is the ability to detect and identify different types of chemicals in the air through the use of the olfactory system. The olfactory system includes the nose, nasal passages, and the olfactory bulbs located in the brain.
When a person inhales air containing volatile substances, these substances bind to specialized receptor cells in the nasal passage called olfactory receptors. These receptors then transmit signals to the olfactory bulbs, which process the information and send it to the brain's limbic system, including the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as to the cortex. The brain interprets these signals and identifies the various scents or smells.
Impairment of the sense of smell can occur due to various reasons such as upper respiratory infections, sinusitis, nasal polyps, head trauma, or neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Loss of smell can significantly impact a person's quality of life, including their ability to taste food, detect dangers such as smoke or gas leaks, and experience emotions associated with certain smells.
In the context of medicine, "odors" refer to smells or scents that are produced by certain medical conditions, substances, or bodily functions. These odors can sometimes provide clues about underlying health issues. For example, sweet-smelling urine could indicate diabetes, while foul-smelling breath might suggest a dental problem or gastrointestinal issue. However, it's important to note that while odors can sometimes be indicative of certain medical conditions, they are not always reliable diagnostic tools and should be considered in conjunction with other symptoms and medical tests.
The olfactory bulb is the primary center for the sense of smell in the brain. It's a structure located in the frontal part of the brain, specifically in the anterior cranial fossa, and is connected to the nasal cavity through tiny holes called the cribriform plates. The olfactory bulb receives signals from olfactory receptors in the nose that detect different smells, processes this information, and then sends it to other areas of the brain for further interpretation and perception of smell.
The olfactory pathways refer to the neural connections and structures involved in the sense of smell. The process begins with odor molecules that are inhaled through the nostrils, where they bind to specialized receptor cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium.
These receptor cells then transmit signals via the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) to the olfactory bulb, a structure at the base of the brain. Within the olfactory bulb, the signals are processed and relayed through several additional structures, including the olfactory tract, lateral olfactory striae, and the primary olfactory cortex (located within the piriform cortex).
From there, information about odors is further integrated with other sensory systems and cognitive functions in higher-order brain regions, such as the limbic system, thalamus, and hippocampus. This complex network of olfactory pathways allows us to perceive and recognize various scents and plays a role in emotional responses, memory formation, and feeding behaviors.
Odorant receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that are primarily found in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons in the nose. These receptors are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odorants, or volatile molecules that we perceive as smells.
Each odorant receptor can bind to a specific set of odorant molecules, and when an odorant binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the generation of an electrical signal in the olfactory sensory neuron. This signal is then transmitted to the brain, where it is processed and interpreted as a particular smell.
There are thought to be around 400 different types of odorant receptors in humans, each with its own unique binding profile. The combinatorial coding of these receptors allows for the detection and discrimination of a vast array of different smells, from sweet to sour, floral to fruity, and everything in between.
Overall, the ability to detect and respond to odorants is critical for many important functions, including the identification of food, mates, and potential dangers in the environment.
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are specialized sensory nerve cells located in the olfactory epithelium, a patch of tissue inside the nasal cavity. These neurons are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odors to the brain. Each ORN expresses only one type of olfactory receptor protein, which is specific to certain types of odor molecules. When an odor molecule binds to its corresponding receptor, it triggers a signal transduction pathway that generates an electrical impulse in the neuron. This impulse is then transmitted to the brain via the olfactory nerve, where it is processed and interpreted as a specific smell. ORNs are continuously replaced throughout an individual's lifetime due to their exposure to environmental toxins and other damaging agents.
Olfaction disorders, also known as smell disorders, refer to conditions that affect the ability to detect or interpret odors. These disorders can be categorized into two main types:
1. Anosmia: This is a complete loss of the sense of smell. It can be caused by various factors such as nasal polyps, sinus infections, head injuries, and degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
2. Hyposmia: This is a reduced ability to detect odors. Like anosmia, it can also be caused by similar factors including aging and exposure to certain chemicals.
Other olfaction disorders include parosmia, which is a distortion of smell where individuals may perceive a smell as being different from its original scent, and phantosmia, which is the perception of a smell that isn't actually present.
In the context of medicine and psychology, perception refers to the neurophysiological processes, cognitive abilities, and psychological experiences that enable an individual to interpret and make sense of sensory information from their environment. It involves the integration of various stimuli such as sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell to form a coherent understanding of one's surroundings, objects, events, or ideas.
Perception is a complex and active process that includes attention, pattern recognition, interpretation, and organization of sensory information. It can be influenced by various factors, including prior experiences, expectations, cultural background, emotional states, and cognitive biases. Alterations in perception may occur due to neurological disorders, psychiatric conditions, sensory deprivation or overload, drugs, or other external factors.
In a clinical setting, healthcare professionals often assess patients' perceptions of their symptoms, illnesses, or treatments to develop individualized care plans and improve communication and adherence to treatment recommendations.
The olfactory nerve, also known as the first cranial nerve (I), is a specialized sensory nerve that is responsible for the sense of smell. It consists of thin, delicate fibers called olfactory neurons that are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. These neurons have hair-like structures called cilia that detect and transmit information about odors to the brain.
The olfactory nerve has two main parts: the peripheral process and the central process. The peripheral process extends from the olfactory neuron to the nasal cavity, where it picks up odor molecules. These molecules bind to receptors on the cilia, which triggers an electrical signal that travels along the nerve fiber to the brain.
The central process of the olfactory nerve extends from the olfactory bulb, a structure at the base of the brain, to several areas in the brain involved in smell and memory, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus. Damage to the olfactory nerve can result in a loss of smell (anosmia) or distorted smells (parosmia).
The olfactory marker protein (OMP) is a specific type of protein that is primarily found in the olfactory sensory neurons of the nose. These neurons are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about odors to the brain. The OMP plays a crucial role in the function of these neurons, as it helps to maintain their structure and stability. It also contributes to the process of odor detection by helping to speed up the transmission of signals from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
The presence of OMP is often used as a marker for mature olfactory sensory neurons, as it is not typically found in other types of cells. Additionally, changes in the expression levels of OMP have been associated with various neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, making it a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Visual perception refers to the ability to interpret and organize information that comes from our eyes to recognize and understand what we are seeing. It involves several cognitive processes such as pattern recognition, size estimation, movement detection, and depth perception. Visual perception allows us to identify objects, navigate through space, and interact with our environment. Deficits in visual perception can lead to learning difficulties and disabilities.
Motion perception is the ability to interpret and understand the movement of objects in our environment. It is a complex process that involves multiple areas of the brain and the visual system. In medical terms, motion perception refers to the specific function of the visual system to detect and analyze the movement of visual stimuli. This allows us to perceive and respond to moving objects in our environment, which is crucial for activities such as driving, sports, and even maintaining balance. Disorders in motion perception can lead to conditions like motion sickness or difficulty with depth perception.
Social perception, in the context of psychology and social sciences, refers to the ability to interpret and understand other people's behavior, emotions, and intentions. It is the process by which we make sense of the social world around us, by observing and interpreting cues such as facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and situational context.
In medical terminology, social perception is not a specific diagnosis or condition, but rather a cognitive skill that can be affected in various mental and neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia. For example, individuals with autism may have difficulty interpreting social cues and understanding other people's emotions and intentions, while those with schizophrenia may have distorted perceptions of social situations and interactions.
Healthcare professionals who work with patients with cognitive or neurological disorders may assess their social perception skills as part of a comprehensive evaluation, in order to develop appropriate interventions and support strategies.
Speech perception is the process by which the brain interprets and understands spoken language. It involves recognizing and discriminating speech sounds (phonemes), organizing them into words, and attaching meaning to those words in order to comprehend spoken language. This process requires the integration of auditory information with prior knowledge and context. Factors such as hearing ability, cognitive function, and language experience can all impact speech perception.
Indole
Olfactory memory
Perfume (novel)
Anosmia
Hallucination
Gregory Jefferis
Retronasal smell
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Peter de Cupere
Rachel Sarah Herz
Neurogastronomy
Disgust
Permutatude theory
Leslie M. Kay
Olfactory bulb
Androstenone
The Nose (Gogol short story)
Hyles lineata
Research Domain Criteria
Sense of smell
Christiane Linster
Body odor
Vomeronasal organ
Human vestigiality
Calcium-dependent chloride channel
Tupaia (mammal)
Sniffing (behavior)
Moonglow (comics)
Gas chromatography-olfactometry
Epidemiology of representations
Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures | bioRxiv
Astrocyte processing of serotonin regulates olfactory perception | NRI
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Indole - Wikipedia
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Neural dynamics of olfactory perception: Low- And high-frequency modulations of local field potential spectra in mice revealed...
Olfactory shifts linked to postpartum depression | Scientific Reports
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Frontiers | A Conserved Odorant Receptor Detects the Same 1-Indanone Analogs in a Tortricid and a Noctuid Moth
SciELO - CoDAS, Volume: 30, Issue: 5, Published: 2018
Differential Combinatorial Coding of Pheromones in Two Olfactory Subsystems of the Honey Bee Brain | Journal of Neuroscience
Designing with Smell | Practices, Techniques and Challenges | Victoria
PDF) An Olfactory Stimulus Modifies Nighttime Sleep in Young Men and Women
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Scales of action: An example of driving and car talk in Germany and North America | Request PDF
New Canadian Money Smells Like Syrup, Melts in Heat - ABC News
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Frontiers | Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status
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Smells Ring Bells: How Smell Triggers Memories and Emotions | Psychology Today
Neurons19
- Research has shown a great deal of the changes that occur in neurons during olfactory, or smell, perception, but what are the astrocyte responses and how they contribute to the sensory experience remains unclear. (texaschildrens.org)
- Previous studies have shown that under natural conditions in a living animal, olfactory stimulation of the brain activates neurons first, which changes the genes these neurons express to be able to mediate the olfactory sensation," said first author Dr. Debosmita Sardar , a postdoctoral associate in Dr. Benjamin Deneen 's lab at Baylor. (texaschildrens.org)
- Interestingly, serotonin regulates the expression of astrocyte genes involved in the production of the neurotransmitter GABA, which then feeds back to neurons regulating the neural circuit fundamental to sensory perception. (texaschildrens.org)
- Specifically, once olfactory information emerges via first-order sensory neurons at the nasal mucosa proximal to the olfactory bulb (OB), it is conveyed to the anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, and amygdala, which together constitute the primary olfactory cortex. (nature.com)
- We find that while medium-chain alcohols inhibit the AWC olfactory neurons to drive attraction, these alcohols instead activate AWC to promote avoidance when presented in the background of a second AWC-sensed odorant. (plos.org)
- Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
- 2022. Distinct representation of cue-outcome association by D1 and D2 neurons in the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle. (harvard.edu)
- The research team can activate single receptor neurons out of 28 olfactory neurons in the larvae for this sensory perception. (sciencedaily.com)
- The olfactory neurons of the only one millimeter sized genetically modified Drosophila larvae are all capable of producing the protein that is activated by light. (sciencedaily.com)
- The experiment shows that it is possible by inserting photo activated proteins into neurons photo stimulation can produce an olfactory behavior in these larvae , whereas genetically unchanged larvae generally avoid light. (sciencedaily.com)
- Odor perception in mammals begins when olfactory sensory neurons in the animal's nose detect an odor molecule and then transmit that information to the brain. (science20.com)
- The first brain area to receive these signals is the olfactory bulb, where the sensory neurons end in small structures called glomeruli. (science20.com)
- Olfactory cues trigger complex patterns of activity both in the olfactory sensory neurons and in the glomeruli within the brain. (science20.com)
- The authors simultaneously used a natural behavioral response and optical imaging to measure responses of neurons in the olfactory bulb, where odor signals sent from the nose are processed. (science20.com)
- FGF8 and FGFR1 also play a role in a group of nerve cells that are specialized to process smells (olfactory neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
- These neurons migrate from the developing nose to a structure at the front of the brain called the olfactory bulb, which is critical for the perception of odors. (medlineplus.gov)
- Studies suggest that a shortage of functional FGF8 disrupts the migration and survival of olfactory neurons and GnRH-producing neurons in the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)
- As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)
- In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
Stimulation6
- Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and collaborating institutions report in the journal Science the responses of astrocytes to olfactory stimulation, revealing a new mechanism that is required to maintain astrocyte-neuron communication and process olfactory sensation. (texaschildrens.org)
- In this study, we investigated what occurred to astrocytes following neural activity during olfactory stimulation and uncovered changes that had not been described before. (texaschildrens.org)
- Olfactory stimulation triggered an increase of serotonin transporter Slc22a3 on the astrocytes, which mediated serotonin transport into the cells. (texaschildrens.org)
- These results suggest that olfactory stimulation induce LFP oscillations both in the peripheral and central nervous systems and suggest the possibility of linkage of LFP oscillations in the brain to the oscillations in the peripheral olfactory system. (elsevierpure.com)
- The research reveals that during olfactory stimulation, serotonin transporter Slc22a3 in astrocytes mediates serotonin transport into the cells, influencing gene expression. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
Eating behavior2
- Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. (frontiersin.org)
- Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin' Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. (frontiersin.org)
Bulb8
- We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m 2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). (frontiersin.org)
- Incoming smells are first processed by the olfactory bulb, which starts inside the nose and runs along the bottom of the brain. (psychologytoday.com)
- The olfactory bulb has direct connections to two brain areas that are strongly implicated in emotion and memory: the amygdala and hippocampus. (psychologytoday.com)
- The respiratory trace (red, above) of a rat recorded during odor discriminations is overlaid on a main olfactory bulb calcium response map (below) of the odorant eugenol (from clove oil). (science20.com)
- The timing of behavioral responses to odors shows that odor discrimination must take place before the activity pattern in the olfactory bulb has fully developed. (science20.com)
- These results led the authors to conclude that odorant identity is likely to be encoded by the sequence of responses in the olfactory bulb (rather than the pattern of peak activation or later temporal features). (science20.com)
- Alternatively, the earliest-activated glomeruli within the olfactory bulb, which are not necessarily the most strongly activated overall, might contribute preferentially to the coding of odorant identity. (science20.com)
- If olfactory nerve cells do not extend to the olfactory bulb, a person's sense of smell will be impaired or absent. (medlineplus.gov)
Sensory perception3
- Loss or distortions of sensory perception can be important signs of depressive disorders. (nature.com)
- The CCHamide 1 receptor modulates sensory perception and olfactory behavior in starved Drosophila. (mpg.de)
- Trocken will probably never be the greatest strength of this vineyard, although fresh and sweet pear flavours have been favourably partnered with a fine yet firm acidity to flatter the sensory perception. (jancisrobinson.com)
Respiratory and olfactory2
- Through a 3D computer model and simulations, it was observed that inhaled air splits into two distinct streams within a cat's nose, aiding both respiratory and olfactory functions. (neurosciencenews.com)
- In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
Stimuli4
- These olfactory illusions are usually triggered by emotional stimuli. (go.com)
- While in the scanner, participants were exposed to sequences of both visual and olfactory stimuli. (psychologytoday.com)
- The olfactory stimuli included the participant's chosen perfume (the experimental odor - "EO") and the unmarketed perfume (the control odor - "CO"). (Sometimes in research, you have to do strange things. (psychologytoday.com)
- It is an active process and requires that we process information with both "bottom-up" and "top-down" processing, meaning that we are not only directed by the stimuli that we receive (passive, bottom-up processing) but that we expect and anticipate certain stimuli that control perception (active, top-up processing). (cognifit.com)
Odorant2
- This context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by cell-autonomous inversion of the response to these alcohols in the single AWC olfactory neuron pair. (plos.org)
- Increasing evidence highlights the importance of sniffing behavior in olfactory coding after the olfactory receptor sheet within the nose is exposed to an odor molecule (odorant). (science20.com)
Odors3
- A key brain region, the mushroom body, integrates olfactory information and assigns values to odors, but the link to motor actions was unclear. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Upending existing theories of perception, Smellosophy offers a new model for understanding how the brain senses and processes odors. (harvard.edu)
- Barwich melds a philosophical perspective with a rich history of olfactory science, tackling big questions with layers of perceptual, psychological, and neurobiological explanations…She offers rich discussions of olfactory perception, the conscious and subconscious impacts of smell on behavior and emotion, and the physical and behavioral details that determine what odors we inhale, furnishing broad insights into the psychology of olfaction. (harvard.edu)
Receptors7
- Researchers discover as much as 30% of the larger array of human olfactory receptors differ between individuals. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Researchers report that in the future, olfactory receptors could serve as a target for liver cancer diagnosis and treatments. (neurosciencenews.com)
- A pheromone released by female zebrafish is sensed by the olfactory receptors of males, a new study reports. (neurosciencenews.com)
- These perceptions can be acquired through olfactory receptors. (e-architect.com)
- These results thus unambiguously prove that it is this electronic surface structure of a molecule that determines the interaction between a scent molecule and its olfactory receptors-and thus defines its fragrance. (innovations-report.com)
- It is a specialized pseudostratified neuroepithelium containing the primary olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
- To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
Nasal2
- The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
- Taken together with anatomical differences between rodent and human airways and the lack of evidence for styrene metabolism in human nasal tissue, the results strongly suggest that at these concentrations, styrene is not an olfactory toxicant in humans. (cdc.gov)
Cues1
- A particularly critical task of the olfactory system is to discriminate among related chemical cues. (plos.org)
Cortex2
- We particularly focused on the neural oscillations of local field potential (LFP) in olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory blub (OB), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (HC) during an olfactory oddball paradigm in urethane anesthetized mice. (elsevierpure.com)
- The area of the brain responsible for visual perception is the occipital lobe (primary visual cortex V1 and secondary visual cortex V2). (cognifit.com)
20201
- 2020. Rapid learning of odor-value association in the olfactory striatum. (harvard.edu)
Neural circuits2
- In turn, this reduced the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of GABA and decreased astrocytic GABA release, which disturbed the neural circuits of olfactory sensation. (texaschildrens.org)
- Finally, we are also interested in understanding how neural circuits in the olfactory system are modified by behavioral state, experience and learning. (harvard.edu)
Pathways1
- Interestingly, the honey bee olfactory system harbors two central parallel pathways, whose functions remain largely unknown. (jneurosci.org)
Intensity Perception1
- Findings from the study suggest that, while PPD has little effect on the early stages of olfactory processing, these conditions may have stronger influence on higher-order olfactory perception, including both hedonic and intensity perception. (nature.com)
Smells1
- Smells are perceptions. (e-architect.com)
System4
- Snap & Sniff Olfactory Test System), and intensity and valence ratings for 3 "pleasant" and 3 "unpleasant" odorants. (nature.com)
- Thus, the olfactory system came into focus as an important contributor to unintentional weight gain. (frontiersin.org)
- On this notion, it has been shown that individuals with obesity show several alterations in the olfactory system. (frontiersin.org)
- Barwich writes with charm and precision about our preconceptions of how the olfactory system works and how it is different from the other sensory mechanisms that keep us alive and (relatively) safe…An illuminating discussion of the interface between the logical coherence of philosophy and the empirical disciplines of science. (harvard.edu)
Nerve1
- Head anatomy with olfactory nerve. (medscape.com)
Abilities4
- The present study addresses this research gap by assessing differences in olfactory abilities between 39 depressed mothers, who were within the perinatal period (i.e., during pregnancy and up to 1-year post pregnancy) and assessed with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and their case-matched healthy volunteers. (nature.com)
- Some recent studies have sought to address the potential link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and shifts in olfactory abilities. (nature.com)
- Previous studies also demonstrate superior olfactory abilities in women. (researchgate.net)
- Researchers have uncovered the intricate structure within a cat's nose that aids in their exceptional olfactory abilities. (neurosciencenews.com)
Olfaction1
- Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
Impairment4
- [ 3 ] A 2002 study showed that the prevalence of objective olfactory impairment in adults older than 53 years is 24.5% and grows more prevalent with age, reaching 62.5 % in those aged 80-97 years. (medscape.com)
- Extrapolating from these values, there are currently 14 million older adults with some degree of olfactory impairment. (medscape.com)
- Background: Impairment of olfactory function in humans has been associated with occupational exposure to volatile chemicals. (cdc.gov)
- Conclusions: The present study found no evidence among a cross-section of reinforcedplastics industry workers that current or historical exposure to styrene was associated with impairment of olfactory function. (cdc.gov)
Retronasal1
- Methods: Olfactory function was assessed using a standardized battery that included tests of threshold sensitivity for phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), odor identification ability, and retronasal odor perception. (cdc.gov)
Correlates2
- However, neural correlates of hypo- or anosmia in olfactory disorder patients are poorly known. (elsevierpure.com)
- Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. (frontiersin.org)
Brain5
- Recent brain connectome studies have evidenced distinct and overlapping brain regions involved in processing olfactory perception. (elsevierpure.com)
- Indeed, brain networks involved in olfactory function and in the development of depression overlap to a large degree 13 . (nature.com)
- These findings support the combinatorial coding scheme and suggest that higher-order brain centers reading out these combinatorial activity patterns may eventually classify olfactory signals according to their biological meaning. (jneurosci.org)
- Researchers shed light on the role of astrocytes, a type of brain cell, in olfactory perception or smell detection. (neurosciencenews.com)
- In this way, the brain takes incoming information about the world and stitches it into useful perceptions . (thesaurus.com)
Subconscious2
- Offers rich discussions of olfactory perception, the conscious and subconscious impacts of smell on behavior and emotion. (harvard.edu)
- Flick awoke by one of those subconscious mental perceptions that the Society for Psychical Research is at present investigating. (thesaurus.com)
Detection2
- The assessments include two olfactory testing sessions conducted 4-weeks apart, each comprising a standard odour detection threshold test (i.e. (nature.com)
- SE = 0.4) in terms of olfactory detection threshold. (nature.com)
Visual Perception1
- Does Timbre Modulate Visual Perception? (jbpierce.org)
Discrimination1
- Topics emphasized include visual acuity, color perception, and olfactory and auditory discrimination. (abainternational.org)
Senses1
- Perception is the ability to capture, process, and actively make sense of the information that our senses receive . (cognifit.com)
Astrocytes1
- Serotonin triggers changes in astrocyte gene expression patterns, turning astrocytes into a hub of olfactory sensation processing," Sardar said. (texaschildrens.org)
Honey bee1
- Experience-dependent tuning of early olfactory processing in the adult honey bee, Apis mellifera . (bvsalud.org)
Differences2
- Therefore, this study investigated the effects of an olfactory stimulus on subsequent sleep and assessed gender differences in such effects. (researchgate.net)
- Results: No differences were observed between exposed workers and controls on tests of olfactory function. (cdc.gov)
Signals1
- This suggests that olfactory systems have evolved rapidly to enable perception of relevant odor signals. (frontiersin.org)
Sense of sm1
- A second factor relating the sense of smell to depression is that flavour perception plays a vital role in determining an individual's appetite and eating behaviour. (nature.com)
Scent1
- An olfactory receptor responds to a scent molecule when it fits into the receptor's binding cavity. (innovations-report.com)
Occur2
Consistently1
- no easy matter to do, consistently with their perceptions of colours and fitness. (thesaurus.com)
Exposure1
- However, whether olfactory exposure to essential oils affects night-time objective sleep remains untested. (researchgate.net)
Human2
- Human olfactory perception is sensitive to putrescine, and putrescine may exert some subtle psychological effects on human cognition. (springer.com)
- Log scales can be useful because some types of human perception are logarithmic. (thesaurus.com)
Stimulus1
- Subjects received an intermittent presentation (first 2 min of each 10 min interval) of an olfactory (lavender oil) or a control (distilled water) stimulus between 23:10 and 23:40 h. (researchgate.net)
Evaluate1
- The present study is the first to evaluate associations between olfactory function and PPD. (nature.com)