The geographic area of New England in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. States usually included in this region are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'England' is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and contributions to medical science. However, in a medical context, it may refer to the location of a patient, healthcare provider, or research study, but it is not a term with a specific medical meaning.
##### Not a valid request: I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Maine" is a state in the northeastern United States and not a medical term or condition with a specific definition in the healthcare context.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Vermont" is a U.S. state and not a medical term. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition. It is located in the New England region of the United States and is known for its scenic beauty, particularly its green mountains, and is also renowned for its production of maple syrup. If you have any questions about medical topics or terms, I would be happy to help with those!
An alloy used in restorative dentistry that contains mercury, silver, tin, copper, and possibly zinc.
The alpha subunit of hexosaminidase A. Mutations in the gene that encodes this protein can result in loss of hexosaminidase A activity and are linked to TAY-SACHS DISEASE.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wales" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, located in Europe. If you have any questions about a specific medical topic, I would be happy to help answer those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rhode Island" is not a medical term or concept, it is actually the smallest state in the United States, located in the New England region. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Massachusetts" is a geographical location and not a medical term or concept. It is a state located in the northeastern region of the United States. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like me to define, please let me know!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Hampshire" is a geographical location and not a medical term or concept, so it doesn't have a medical definition. It is a state in the northeastern United States, known for its scenic beauty and the White Mountains. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or healthcare services in the state of New Hampshire, I would be happy to help with those!
A method of three-dimensional morphometry in which contour maps are produced from the overlapping interference fringes created when an object is illuminated by beams of coherent light issuing from two different point sources.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Connecticut" is a state located in the northeastern region of the United States and does not have a medical definition. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
'Animal diseases' is a term that refers to any illness or infection that affects the health and well-being of non-human animals, caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances, which can impact individual animals, herds, or entire species, and may have implications for human health through zoonotic transmission.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Atlantic Ocean" is a geographical term referring to one of the world's five oceans, covering approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. It doesn't have a direct medical definition, as it is not a medical term.
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Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).
A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is Sydney. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770 and first settled at Botany Bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by Captain Cook who thought its coastline resembled that of South Wales. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p840 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p377)
A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Short stature and cardiovascular disease among men and women from two southeastern New England communities. (1/439)

BACKGROUND: Short stature has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the reason for the association remains unclear. Data on the relation between stature and stroke is more limited. We examined the association between stature and CHD as well as between stature and stroke in men and women from two communities in southeastern New England. METHODS: Coronary heart disease and stroke events were abstracted from medical records between January 1980 and December 1991. An epidemiological diagnostic algorithm developed to measure CHD was used in the present analysis. Unadjusted relative risks (RR) and RR adjusted for age, smoking status, obesity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <0.91 mmol/l, total cholesterol >6.21 mmol/l, hypertension, diabetes, education, and being foreign born were computed by gender-specific height categories separately for men (n = 2826) and women (n = 3741). RESULTS: A graded inverse association between stature and risk of CHD was observed among men which persisted after adjustment for confounders. Men >69.75 inches had an 83% lower risk of CHD compared with men < or = 65 inches. In addition, the tallest men had a 67% decreased risk of stroke compared with the shortest men. No significant relation between stature and CHD or stroke was observed among women. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that stature is inversely related to both risk of CHD and stroke at least among men. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.  (+info)

Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. (2/439)

BACKGROUND: Most US troops returned home from the Persian Gulf War (PGW) by Spring 1991 and many began reporting increased health symptoms and medical problems soon after. This investigation examines the relationships between several Gulf-service environmental exposures and health symptom reporting, and the role of traumatic psychological stress on the exposure-health symptom relationships. METHODS: Stratified, random samples of two cohorts of PGW veterans, from the New England area (n = 220) and from the New Orleans area (n = 71), were selected from larger cohorts being followed longitudinally since arrival home from the Gulf. A group of PGW-era veterans deployed to Germany (n = 50) served as a comparison group. The study protocol included questionnaires, a neuropsychological test battery, an environmental interview, and psychological diagnostic interviews. This report focuses on self-reported health symptoms and exposures of participants who completed a 52-item health symptom checklist and a checklist of environmental exposures. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported symptoms was greater in both Persian Gulf-deployed cohorts compared to the Germany cohort. Analyses of the body-system symptom scores (BSS), weighted to account for sampling design, and adjusted by age, sex, and education, indicated that Persian Gulf-deployed veterans were more likely to report neurological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, dermatological, musculoskeletal, psychological and neuropsychological system symptoms than Germany veterans. Using a priori hypotheses about the toxicant effects of exposure to specific toxicants, the relationships between self-reported exposures and body-system symptom groupings were examined through multiple regression analyses, controlling for war-zone exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported exposures to pesticides, debris from Scuds, chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents, and smoke from tent heaters each were significantly related to increased reporting of specific predicted BSS groupings. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf have higher self-reported prevalence of health symptoms compared to PGW veterans who were deployed only as far as Germany. Several Gulf-service environmental exposures are associated with increased health symptom reporting involving predicted body-systems, after adjusting for war-zone stressor exposures and PTSD.  (+info)

Treatment patterns for heart failure in a primary care environment. (3/439)

Little published information regarding current pharmacotherapeutic treatment patterns for congestive heart failure (CHF) in nonacademic, ambulatory care settings is available. We sought to assess, in a nonacademic primary care environment, pharmacotherapeutic treatment patterns for CHF with respect to consistency with clinical trial evidence and published treatment guideline recommendations. Over an 18-month period, we examined CHF pharmacotherapy using a computerized, integrated clinical diagnoses and prescription database from an outpatient community healthcare center without academic affiliations. We identified adult patients meeting contact criteria and with diagnosis of CHF by International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) coding and assessed prescribed therapy as well as select comorbid conditions. Drugs of interest included those with known or suspected benefit or detriment and those with unproven benefit. An eligible group of 14,983 patients was identified, from which a cohort of 148 patients with CHF was selected. Forty-one percent of these 148 patients were prescribed an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, 34% digoxin, 12% diuretic, 12% hydralazine + nitrate, 20% inhaled beta-agonists, and 66% warfarin. Only 5% of patients were prescribed the combination of an ACE inhibitor, digoxin, and diuretic. Thirty-one percent had a comorbid diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, of whom 44% were prescribed digoxin, 22% diltiazem, 15% beta-blockers, 15% digoxin and diltiazem, 7% digoxin and a beta-blocker, and 33% warfarin. In general, recommended therapies for CHF appeared underutilized in this cohort, whereas those of unclear benefit and potential detriment appeared overutilized. Although these results may not be readily generalized to the entire healthcare system, they do suggest a need for additional analysis and potential intervention.  (+info)

Phylogenetic analysis of H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from the live bird markets of the Northeast United States. (4/439)

The presence of low-pathogenic H7 avian influenza virus (AIV), which is associated with live-bird markets (LBM) in the Northeast United States, was first detected in 1994 and, despite efforts to eradicate the virus, surveillance of these markets has resulted in numerous isolations of H7 AIVs from several states from 1994 through 1998. The hemagglutinin, nonstructural, and matrix genes from representative H7 isolates from the LBM and elsewhere were sequenced, and the sequences were compared phylogenetically. The hemagglutinin gene of most LBM isolates examined appeared to have been the result of a single introduction of the hemagglutinin gene. Evidence for evolutionary changes were observed with three definable steps. The first isolate from 1994 had the amino acid threonine at the -2 position of the hemagglutinin cleavage site, which is the most commonly observed amino acid at this site for North American H7 AIVs. In January 1995 a new genotype with a proline at the -2 position was detected, and this genotype eventually became the predominant virus isolate. A third viral genotype, detected in November 1996, had an eight-amino-acid deletion within the putative receptor binding site. This viral genotype appeared to be the predominant isolate, although isolates with proline at the -2 position without the deletion were still observed in viruses from the last sampling date. Evidence for reassortment of multiple viral genes was evident. The combination of possible adaptive evolution of the virus and reassortment with different influenza virus genes makes it difficult to determine the risk of pathogenesis of this group of H7 AIVs.  (+info)

The Resource Mothers Program for Maternal Phenylketonuria. (5/439)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of resource mothers in reducing adverse consequences of maternal phenylketonuria. METHODS: Nineteen pregnancies in the resource mothers group were compared with 64 pregnancies in phenylketonuric women without resource mothers. Weeks to metabolic control and offspring outcome were measured. RESULTS: Mean number of weeks to metabolic control was 8.5 (SE = 2.2) in the resource mothers group, as compared with 16.1 (SE = 1.7) in the comparison group. Infants of women in the resource mothers group had larger birth head circumferences and higher developmental quotients. CONCLUSIONS: The resource mothers program described here improves metabolic control in pregnant women with phenylketonuria.  (+info)

Validity of reported age and centenarian prevalence in New England. (6/439)

INTRODUCTION: the age reported by or on behalf of centenarians may be suspect unless proven correct. We report the validity of age reports in a population-based sample of centenarians living in New England and the prevalence of centenarians in an area within the North Eastern USA. METHODS: cohort study. All centenarians in a population-based sample detected by local censuses. Ages were confirmed by birth certificate. Type of residence and whether the subject was living independently were also recorded. RESULTS: from a population of about 450,000 people, 289 potential centenarians were reported by the censuses of the eight towns participating in the study. Of these, 186 (64%) had died at the time centenarian prevalence was determined. Of the 80 still alive, 13 (16%) had incorrect birth years recorded by the censuses. The specificity of the censuses for stating the number of centenarians alive and living in the sample was 28-31%. Using additional sources, only four more centenarians were located, indicating that the sensitivity of the censuses approached 100%. We had an 83% success rate in obtaining proof of age in those families we interviewed. In all instances, age and birth order of children were an important source of corroborative evidence and in no case did we detect inconsistencies with the families' reported ages of the centenarian subjects. Therefore, there were at least 46 centenarians or approximately 1 centenarian per 10,000 people. CONCLUSIONS: age validation can be performed for most centenarians in the North Eastern USA. Self or family reports of those between the ages of 100 and 107 years were dependable.  (+info)

Public health in managed care: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of postcard reminders. (7/439)

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an annual public health intervention in a managed care setting. METHODS: Managed care organization members 65 years and older who received influenza immunization in 1996 were randomized to an intervention group (mailed a postcard reminder to receive an influenza vaccination in 1997) or a control group (no postcard). Vaccination rates for both groups were assessed monthly. RESULTS: Members receiving the intervention were no more likely to be immunized (78.6%) than members of the control group (77.2%, P = .222). Members were vaccinated at the same pace regardless of vaccination history and postcard intervention status. CONCLUSIONS: Postcard reminders were not an effective intervention among seniors who had been vaccinated the previous year.  (+info)

Meningococcal disease--New England, 1993-1998. (8/439)

Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in children and young adults in the United States, causes both sporadic disease and outbreaks. Preventing and controlling meningococcal disease remains a public health challenge because of the multiple serogroups and the limitations of available vaccines. Vaccination with the polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine, which protects against serogroups A, C, Y, and W135 of N. meningitidis, is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for controlling outbreaks but routine vaccination is not recommended for control of sporadic cases. During 1998, a cluster of meningococcal disease cases occurred in Rhode Island, and although the situation did not meet ACIP criteria for an outbreak, the Rhode Island Department of Health recommended vaccination of all residents aged 2-22 years. This action stimulated controversy in Rhode Island and the rest of New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont) and prompted a review of the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the region. This report describes meningococcal disease data reported to the region's state health departments during 1993-1998 and discusses the situation in Rhode Island.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New England" is not a medical term. It's a geographical region in the northeastern United States, consisting of six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "England" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries that make up the United Kingdom, along with Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England is located in the southern part of Great Britain, which is the largest island of the British Isles.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Maine" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually the name of a state, the 23rd state to join the United States of America. Maine is located in the northeastern part of the country and is known for its rocky coastline, maritime history, and natural beauty. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Vermont" is not a medical term. It is a geographical location, being the name of a state in the United States. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to try and help answer those!

Dental amalgam is a commonly used dental filling material that consists of a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. The mercury binds the other metals together to form a strong, durable, and stable restoration that is resistant to wear and tear. Dental amalgam has been used for over 150 years to fill cavities and repair damaged teeth, and it remains a popular choice among dentists due to its strength, durability, and affordability.

However, there has been some controversy surrounding the use of dental amalgam due to concerns about the potential health effects of mercury exposure. While the majority of scientific evidence suggests that dental amalgam is safe for most people, some individuals may be more sensitive to mercury and may experience adverse reactions. As a result, some dentists may recommend alternative filling materials, such as composite resin or gold, for certain patients.

Overall, dental amalgam is a safe and effective option for filling cavities and restoring damaged teeth, but it is important to discuss any concerns or questions with a qualified dental professional.

Beta-Hexosaminidase alpha chain is a subunit of the beta-hexosaminidase enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates in the body. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, an alpha and a beta unit, and there are different forms of the enzyme that contain varying combinations of these subunits (i.e., hexosaminidase A, hexosaminidase B, and hexosaminidase S).

Hexosaminidase A is the form responsible for breaking down GM2 gangliosides, a type of lipid molecule found in cell membranes. Deficiency or dysfunction of this enzyme can lead to accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in nerve cells, resulting in a group of genetic disorders known as the GM2 gangliosidoses. These disorders include Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease, both of which are characterized by progressive neurological deterioration and early death.

The alpha chain is encoded by the HEXA gene, which is located on chromosome 15. Mutations in this gene can lead to reduced or absent activity of hexosaminidase A, resulting in Tay-Sachs disease or other forms of GM2 gangliosidosis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wales" is not a medical term. It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, located in Western Europe. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rhode Island" is not a medical term or condition. It is actually the smallest state in the United States, located in the New England region. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Massachusetts" is not a medical term. It is the name of a state located in the northeastern region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Hampshire" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the 50 states in the United States of America, located in the New England region. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Moire Topography" is not a recognized term in medical literature or anatomy. Moiré refers to a pattern created when two grids or patterns are overlaid, resulting in a new pattern of alternating light and dark lines. This phenomenon can be seen in various fields such as physics, mathematics, and graphic design. However, it is not typically used in the context of medical definitions related to anatomy or pathology. If you have any other questions or need information on a different topic, please let me know!

I believe you are looking for a medical definition or association with the name "Connecticut." However, I couldn't find any specific medical condition or term named after Connecticut. Connecticut is one of the 50 states in the United States and has no direct relation to medical terminology. If you have more context or information, please let me know so I can provide a more accurate response.

A "periodical" in the context of medicine typically refers to a type of publication that is issued regularly, such as on a monthly or quarterly basis. These publications include peer-reviewed journals, magazines, and newsletters that focus on medical research, education, and practice. They may contain original research articles, review articles, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and other types of content related to medical science and clinical practice.

As a "Topic," periodicals in medicine encompass various aspects such as their role in disseminating new knowledge, their impact on clinical decision-making, their quality control measures, and their ethical considerations. Medical periodicals serve as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, students, and other stakeholders to stay updated on the latest developments in their field and to share their findings with others.

Animal diseases are health conditions that primarily affect animals, including but not limited to, livestock, poultry, wildlife, and pets. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, genetic disorders, and environmental conditions. Some animal diseases can also pose a risk to human health, either directly or indirectly, through the consumption of contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals, or the spread of vectors like ticks and mosquitoes. Examples of animal diseases include rabies, avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and heartworm disease. It is important to monitor, control, and prevent the spread of animal diseases to protect animal health, food security, and public health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Atlantic Ocean" is a geographical term referring to one of the five oceans on Earth. It doesn't have a medical definition. The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean, covering approximately 20% of the Earth's surface. It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, alternatively, to the Antarctica region) in the south, and is bounded by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.

I'm not aware of any medical definition for the term "Boston." It is a city in the state of Massachusetts, USA, and is widely known for its cultural institutions, such as Boston Symphony Orchestra, Boston Ballet, and The Museum of Fine Arts. Additionally, it is home to many renowned medical institutions, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. However, "Boston" does not have a specific meaning or definition in the medical field.

There is no single medical definition for "Monkey Diseases." However, monkeys can carry and be infected with various diseases that are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. Some examples include:

1. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV): A virus similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes AIDS in monkeys. It is not typically harmful to monkeys but can cause AIDS in humans if transmitted, which is rare.
2. Herpes B Virus: Also known as Macacine herpesvirus 1 or Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, it is a virus that commonly infects macaque monkeys. It can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with an infected monkey's saliva, eye fluid, or cerebrospinal fluid, causing a severe and potentially fatal illness called B encephalitis.
3. Tuberculosis (TB): Monkeys can contract and transmit tuberculosis to humans, although it is not common.
4. Simian Retrovirus (SRV): A virus that can infect both monkeys and great apes, causing immunodeficiency similar to HIV/AIDS in humans. It is not known to infect or cause disease in humans.
5. Various parasitic diseases: Monkeys can carry and transmit several parasites, including malaria-causing Plasmodium species, intestinal worms, and other parasites that can affect human health.

It's important to note that while monkeys can carry and transmit these diseases, the risk of transmission is generally low, and most cases occur in individuals who have close contact with monkeys, such as primatologists, zookeepers, or laboratory workers. Always follow safety guidelines when interacting with animals, including monkeys, to minimize the risk of disease transmission.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New South Wales" is not a medical term. It's actually the name of the largest state in Australia, known for its diverse landscapes and wildlife. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!

The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a measure of the frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is calculated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in that journal during the previous two years. For example, if a journal has an Impact Factor of 3 in 2020, that means articles published in 2018 and 2019 were cited 3 times on average in 2020. It is used to gauge the importance or rank of a journal by comparing the times it's articles are cited relative to other journals in the field. However, it has been criticized for various limitations such as being manipulated by editors and not reflecting the quality of individual articles.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

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Historic Sites & Scenes of England.. London: Great Western Railroad Company of England, 1924. Softcover. Light foxing and ... New England Old and New 1620- 1920.. Boston: Old Colony Trust Company, 1920. Softcover. Boars a bit browned. Slight ... Bookplate; A promotional guide by the railways, describing Englands main sights. ; B&W Photographs; 12mo 7" - 7 " tall; 95 ...
... to some of Englands grandest stately homes, the East of England is packed with places to visit. ... Explore one of the best preserved monastic sites in England, Castle Acre Priory, before enjoying a circular walk to the site of ... From Capability Browns designs at Audley End to the rolling landscapes of Wrest Park, the East of England is home to some of ... Discover the centre of a vast network of power and influence, and one of the best preserved medieval castles in England. With ...
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... BMC Public Health. 2008 Sep 26:8:338. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-338. ... Methods: Quarterly MMR coverage data for children aged two and five years resident in each district health authority in England ... Background: Since the schools vaccination campaign in 1994, measles has been eliminated from England. Maintaining elimination ... 1.9 million school children and 300,000 pre-school children were recorded as incompletely vaccinated against measles in England ...
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England Travel Blog Listing - England, United Kingdom, Europe ... Europe » United Kingdom » England November 1st 2023. Finally in ... Travel Blog » Europe » United Kingdom » England Travel Blogs (22,699) , Photos (216,140) , Forum ... Travel Blog » Europe » United Kingdom » England Travel Blogs (22,699) , Photos (216,140) , Forum ... The journey to Whitchurch was as always fairly uneventful apart from forgetting that in England I can still drive in ...
England, Pam [Foreword]; and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. ...
What type of government did the northern New England colonies have in the 1600s?. represenitive ... What was a cultural movement that started in England in the 1600s?. The enlightenment ... What is another name for Englands Civil War in the 1600s?. London ...
England - Durham. Get Durhams weather and area codes, time zone and DST. Explore Durhams sunrise and sunset, moonrise and ...
England suffered a shock 1-0 loss to impressive Hungary in a Nations League opener that started with the depressing sound of ... A dejected Harry Kane during Englands loss to Hungary. England suffered a shock 1-0 loss to impressive Hungary in a Nations ... Hungary last beat England in 1962 and it was Dominik Szoboszlai who wrote his name into the history books, firing a well-struck ... Hungary shock England as boos return in Budapest Updated / Saturday, 4 Jun 2022 21:37 ...
Costa Rica will look to resume writing history and surprising theoretically bigger teams when they meet England... ... On the other hand, England coach Roy Hogdson admitted his failure to lead the team into the second round after two consecutive ... Costa Rica will look to resume writing history and surprising theoretically bigger teams when they meet England at the Estadio ...
i.e Australia etc The Queen of England is slang for when a female storms into a room and will not be reckoned with, and will ... The Queen of England is a ruling female monarch or Sovereign that is head of state for the United Kingdom and it's ... Not just the queen of England, but of BRITAIN. Many people forget this. Mainly foreigners and people from England.. Also the ... The Queen of England is slang for when a female storms into a room and will not be reckoned with, and will not take no for an ...
Firefighters are still trying to put out a blaze that burned down a data storage unit in east London.
Pagina 342 - And surely your blood of your lives will I require ; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man ; at the hand of every mans brother will I require the life of man. Whoso sheddeth mans blood, by man shall his blood be shed : for in the image of God made he man. ...
England, I have worked on a number of primetime productions in a featured extra capacity and now taking the necessary steps to ...
Cornwall: Englands Hidden Treasure. Program No. 22431RJ Deposit at Enrollment: 250 Final payment due: 77 days before departure ... Cornwall: Englands Hidden Treasure. Program No. 22431RJ Venture to the famous Falmouth Harbor to learn about Cornwalls 4,000- ... Morning: Well check out of the hotel and board a motorcoach to begin our transfer through Englands south-west to Falmouth. On ... Presented in vivid color, this highly detailed road map of England and Wales reaches from Liverpool and Manchester, south to ...
Andy England Eglund will keep the same title he held at Coors, and as CMO is responsible for maintaining his (new) companys 29 ... Andy England Eglund. will keep the same title he held at Coors, and as CMO is responsible for maintaining his (new) companys ...
2005 in England; 2005 في إنجلترا; Inggris dalam tahun 2005; 2005. u Engleskoj; Ereignisse des Jahres 2005 in England; England- ... nowiki,2005te İngiltere; ২০০৫-এ ইংল্যান্ড; 2005 en Angleterre; 2005 i England; 2005 w Anglii; 2005 ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിൽ; Inglaterra en ... Datoteke u kategoriji "2005 in England". Prikazane su 3 datoteke u ovoj kategoriji, od ukupno 3. ... related events during the year of 2005; gebeurtenis in jaar; Englandrelaterade händelser under år 2005; England-related events ...
  • IMAGE: Defending champions England led by Jos Buttler will be one of the top favourites at World Cup 2023. (rediff.com)
  • Map of the Catholic provinces and dioceses of England and Wales. (cyndislist.com)
  • Hints and tips on researching your Catholic family history in England, Wales, and Scotland. (cyndislist.com)
  • The Catholic Record Society was founded in 1904 to make available the material necessary for the study of the Roman Catholic history of England and Wales since Reformation. (cyndislist.com)
  • Digitized images of parish church plans in England, Wales & Scotland held by the Church Building Society dating from 1818 to 1982. (cyndislist.com)
  • Photograph: England and Wales Cricket Board/X Persistent rain on Saturday washed out the. (rediff.com)
  • England and Wales have the highest crime rate among the world's leading economies, according to a new report by the United Nations. (freerepublic.com)
  • Only the Dominican Republic, New Zealand and Finland have higher crime rates than England and Wales. (freerepublic.com)
  • According to the comparison of international crime statistics produced by the UN's Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, England and Wales had 9,766 crimes for every 100,000 people in the year 2000. (freerepublic.com)
  • An analysis of total recorded crime figures before 1998 also suggests that England and Wales have moved sharply up the league table since Labour came to power in 1997. (freerepublic.com)
  • The UN reports also shows that England and Wales are the second-worst places in the world for assaults, with 851 people assaulted per 100,000, and seventh for burglaries and car theft, with 1,579 burglaries per 100,000 population. (freerepublic.com)
  • Dr. Lamagni and colleagues document a sudden rise in the incidence of scarlet fever beginning in 2014 across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. (medscape.com)
  • On 30 November 2016, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales upheld the High Court of Justice of England and Wales's judgment on the United Kingdom's standardised (plain) tobacco packaging, dismissing an appeal brought by three tobacco companies and four tipping paper manufacturers. (who.int)
  • A romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, and made popular by its use in Arthurian legend. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kingdoms of England and Scotland dissolved in 1707 so what every American refers to as 'the queen of Engerland ' is actually the queen of the U.K. (urbandictionary.com)
  • A lot will be at stake for both the Dallas Cowboys and the New England Patriots when they face off on the field on Sunday. (flipboard.com)
  • Pay tribute to the Pats with this New England Patriots trifold wallet. (kohls.com)
  • England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Church of England's vocation is and always has been to proclaim the good news of Jesus Christ afresh in each generation to the people of England. (churchofengland.org)
  • The mission of New England Forestry Foundation is to conserve New England's working forests through conservation and ecologically sound management of privately owned forestlands in New England, throughout the Americas and beyond. (guidestar.org)
  • London: Great Western Railroad Company of England, 1924. (antiqbook.com)
  • They are travelling from China to London in England to take over an antique shop, which was previously owned by Mr Ma's recently departed brother. (lu.se)
  • The numbers of cases of scarlet fever that have been notified to us are surprisingly high, reaching over 19,000 in 2016," Dr. Theresa Lamagni from National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), London, UK, told Reuters Health by email. (medscape.com)
  • and trusts from East England received significantly less than those from London. (lu.se)
  • England is home to the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, and the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209. (wikipedia.org)
  • this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester, New Hampshire (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence, Rhode Island (the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island). (dbpedia.org)
  • Passengers aboard an easyJet flight from Manchester, England, to Spain were going nowhere. (npr.org)
  • The Christian guardian (and Church of England magazine). (google.com)
  • The Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae is the standard authority for identifying the higher clergy of the Church of England from 1066 to 1857. (cyndislist.com)
  • Albion is also applied to England in a more poetic capacity, though its original meaning is the island of Britain as a whole. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not just the queen of England , but of BRITAIN. (urbandictionary.com)
  • England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the Domesday Book of 1086 covered the whole of England, meaning the English kingdom, but a few years later the Chronicle stated that King Malcolm III went "out of Scotlande into Lothian in Englaland", thus using it in the more ancient sense. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Queen of England is a ruling female monarch or Sovereign that is head of state for the United Kingdom and it's Commonwealth . (urbandictionary.com)
  • When Chinese come to England or Sweden for example? (lu.se)
  • Web site of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Massachusetts. (cyndislist.com)
  • Published quarterly since 1847, The New England Historical and Genealogical Register is the flagship journal of American genealogy and the oldest in the field, focusing on authoritative compiled genealogies. (cyndislist.com)
  • The goal of the Great Migration Study Project is to create comprehensive biographical and genealogical accounts of all immigrants to New England from 1620 to 1643, from the arrival of the Mayflower to the decline of immigration resulting from the beginning of the Civil War in England. (cyndislist.com)
  • A variety of information of interest to those involved in genealogical research in New England, with an emphasis is on tools and resources, on and off the internet. (cyndislist.com)
  • Historical and genealogical information about the Jewish Community of England including online databases. (cyndislist.com)
  • Totnes , town (parish), South Hams district, administrative and historic county of Devon , southwestern England . (britannica.com)
  • The journey to Whitchurch was as always fairly uneventful apart from forgetting that in England I can still drive in residential areas at 30mph. (travelblog.org)
  • If the truth were fairly published, England wouldn't be the worst, just as bad as all the rest. (freerepublic.com)
  • Hospitals in England spend more on adalimumab than any other single medication, and now its patent has expired officials want doctors to consider swapping to biosimilars to gain up to £150m a year of savings. (medscape.com)
  • However, I still cannot believe there is five times more crime in England than in Russia. (freerepublic.com)
  • Richard Lion-Heart, son of Henry II, probably first chose 3 golden lions set one above each other on a red field as the Royal Arms of England. (victorianweb.org)
  • New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. (dbpedia.org)
  • RESULTS: Drug companies reported paying £60,253,421 to 234 trusts, representing between 90.0% and 92.0% of all trusts in England between 2015 and 2018. (lu.se)
  • The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Software and IT services companies in New England had a good 2010 and are looking at a good 2011, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston's Beige Book , released earlier this month. (zdnet.com)
  • Take a break from the hubbub of daily life by exploring a range of picturesque and tranquil English Heritage sites in the East of England. (english-heritage.org.uk)
  • The earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • American Ancestors: New England, New York, and Beyond. (cyndislist.com)
  • Southgate criticised fans booing England taking the knee before kick-off, but insisted losing the match left him unable to take a strong position on the issue on the night. (rte.ie)
  • When my mother died, Cheryl just marched in like The Queen of England and took whatever she wanted, and left without even a word! (urbandictionary.com)
  • According to the nearby plaque shown on the left here, "the crowned golden lion of England has been one of the supporters of the Royal Arms since the accession of James I in 1603. (victorianweb.org)
  • What type of government did the northern New England colonies have in the 1600s? (answers.com)
  • CDC will host a PHONE ONLY press briefing to discuss two New England Journal of Medicine articles by CDC authors on H1N1 Flu. (cdc.gov)
  • From grand stately homes and spectacular castles to beautiful gardens and remarkable ruins, the East of England is packed with places to visit. (english-heritage.org.uk)
  • Health research in England : a topic for debate, based on the proceedings of a symposium chaired by Professor Sir John Butterfield at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists on the 11 September 1980 / written by David Taylor, with an appendix by Alan Williams. (who.int)
  • England fans appreciate warm welcome from Israelis ahead of showdown in Ramat Gan. (jpost.com)
  • As England fans continued to arrive in Israel on Thursday, some were just glad to be here and others appreciated the warm welcome from Israelis. (jpost.com)
  • Yafit Cohen, a receptionist at the Yamit Park Plaza Hotel on the beach, said that her hotel is fully booked, mostly with England fans, and also confirmed that they had no problems so far. (jpost.com)
  • From Capability Brown's designs at Audley End to the rolling landscapes of Wrest Park, the East of England is home to some of our most beautiful gardens. (english-heritage.org.uk)
  • A Parallel History of France and England. (upenn.edu)
  • A general not personal genealogy blog about research finds and tips, writing and publishing your genealogy, New England witch hunts, etc. (cyndislist.com)
  • Henry III (1 October 1207 - 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. (yahoo.com)
  • Click here for listing and description on Historic England website. (jewishgen.org)
  • The New England Conservatory of Music ( NEC ) is a private music school in Boston , Massachusetts . (wikipedia.org)
  • So that the cause being thoroughly heard, and all things done in good order as near as might be to the course of our laws in England, it was concluded that Mr Doughty should receive punishment according to the quality of the offence. (google.com)
  • Explore one of the best preserved monastic sites in England, Castle Acre Priory , before enjoying a circular walk to the site of Castle Acre Castle which was founded soon after the Battle of Hastings. (english-heritage.org.uk)
  • The men agreed to support Tourjée, and The New England Conservatory-then consisting of just seven rented rooms above the Boston Music Hall off Tremont Street-officially opened on February 18, 1867. (wikipedia.org)