Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein. Medical search. Web

An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that was initially identified during analysis of CHROMOSOME DELETIONS associated with SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY. Naip contains a nucleotide binding oligomerization domain and a carboxy-terminal LEUCINE rich repeat.

A group of recessively inherited diseases that feature progressive muscular atrophy and hypotonia. They are classified as type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease), type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late infantile onset and is associated with survival into the second or third decade. Type III has its onset in childhood, and is slowly progressive. (J Med Genet 1996 Apr:33(4):281-3)

A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)

A complex of proteins that assemble the SNRNP CORE PROTEINS into a core structure that surrounds a highly conserved RNA sequence found in SMALL NUCLEAR RNA. They are found localized in the GEMINI OF COILED BODIES and in the CYTOPLASM. The SMN complex is named after the Survival of Motor Neuron Complex Protein 1, which is a critical component of the complex.

A SMN complex protein that is essential for the function of the SMN protein complex. In humans the protein is encoded by a single gene found near the inversion telomere of a large inverted region of CHROMOSOME 5. Mutations in the gene coding for survival of motor neuron 1 protein may result in SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD.

'Nerve tissue proteins' are specialized proteins found within the nervous system's biological tissue, including neurofilaments, neuronal cytoskeletal proteins, and neural cell adhesion molecules, which facilitate structural support, intracellular communication, and synaptic connectivity essential for proper neurological function.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An APOPTOSIS-regulating protein that is structurally related to CASPASE 8 and competes with CASPASE 8 for binding to FAS ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Two forms of CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulating protein exist, a long form containing a caspase-like enzymatically inactive domain and a short form which lacks the caspase-like domain.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.

A large group of proteins that control APOPTOSIS. This family of proteins includes many ONCOGENE PROTEINS as well as a wide variety of classes of INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS such as CASPASES.

Attenuation of ischemia-induced cellular and behavioral deficits by X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein overexpression in the rat hippocampus. (1/101)

Transient forebrain ischemia produced by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) triggers the delayed death of CA1 neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in behavioral deficits of spatial learning performance. We demonstrate that CA1 neuronal loss induced by 4-VO (12 min) is preceded by a selective and marked elevation of catalytically active caspase-3 in these neurons, indicative of apoptosis. Virally mediated overexpression of the anti-apoptotic gene X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) prevented both the production of catalytically active caspase-3 and degeneration of CA1 neurons after transient forebrain ischemia. CA1 neurons protected in this manner appeared to function normally, as assessed by immunohistochemical detection of the neuronal activity marker nerve growth factor inducible-A and by spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze. These findings indicate that caspase-3 activation is a key event in ischemic neuronal death and that blockade of this event by XIAP overexpression permits CA1 neurons to survive and operate properly after an ischemic insult. (+info)

Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy type I (Werdnig- hoffmann) by DNA deletion analysis of cultivated amniocytes. (2/101)

AIM: Presentation of a prenatally diagnosed case of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, the most severe type of spinal muscular atrophy. METHODS: DNA obtained from cultivated amniocytes was analyzed for deletions in the survival motor neuron gene and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein gene. RESULTS: The fetus was diagnosed as an affected homozygote for deletions in exon 7 and exon 8 of the survival motor neuron gene. No deletions of exon 5 in the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein gene were found. CONCLUSION: Direct DNA deletion analysis of the survival motor neuron gene and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein gene in affected families represents a highly reliable and fast method for prenatal diagnosis of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. (+info)

The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) is expressed in macrophages and is modulated after phagocytosis and during intracellular infection with Legionella pneumophila. (3/101)

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires' disease in humans. Inbred mouse strains are uniformly resistant to L. pneumophila infection with the notable exception of A/J, where the chromosome 13 locus Lgn1 renders A/J macrophages permissive to L. pneumophila replication. The mouse Lgn1 region is syntenic with the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) locus on human chromosome 5 and includes several copies of the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) gene. We have analyzed a possible link among Lgn1, Naip, and macrophage function. RNA expression studies show that Naip (mostly copy 2) mRNA transcripts are expressed in macrophage-rich tissues, such as spleen, lung, and liver and are abundant in primary macrophages. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses identify Naip protein expression in mouse macrophages and in macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J774A. Interestingly, macrophages from permissive A/J mice express significantly less Naip protein than their nonpermissive C57BL/6J counterpart. Naip protein expression is increased after phagocytic events. Naip protein levels during infection with either virulent or avirulent strains of L. pneumophila increase during the first 6 h postinfection and remain elevated during the 48-h observation period. This enhanced expression is also observed in macrophages infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Likewise, an increase in Naip protein levels in macrophages is observed 24 h after phagocytosis of Latex beads. The cosegregation of Lgn1 and Naip together with the detected Naip protein expression in host macrophages as well as its modulation after phagocytic events and during intracellular infection make it an attractive candidate for the Lgn1 locus. (+info)

The hippocampal neurons of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 (NAIP1)-deleted mice display increased vulnerability to kainic acid-induced injury. (4/101)

The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) is a member of a novel family of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins. The IAP genes are highly conserved from baculovirus to metazoans and suppress apoptosis induced by a variety of triggers both in vitro and in vivo. Here we describe the generation and characterization of mice with the targeted deletion of NAIP1. We demonstrate that the NAIP1-deleted mice develop normally. However, the survival of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus after kainic acid-induced limbic seizures is greatly reduced in the NAIP1 knock-out animals. Thus, although NAIP1 is not necessary for normal development of murine central nervous system, the endogenous NAIP1 is required for neuronal survival in pathological conditions. (+info)

Screening of deletions in SMN, NAIP and BTF2p44 genes in Turkish spinal muscular atrophy patients. (5/101)

Deletions of the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-determining gene, SMN1, NAIP, and a third multicopy gene, BTF2p44tel were investigated in 60 unrelated Turkish SMA patients. SMN1 was deleted for at least exons 7 and 8 in 85% of the Turkish SMA patients. The NAIP gene was deleted in 75 and 33% of type I and type II SMA patients, respectively. Analysis of the 5'end of the BTF2p44tel gene indicated the extension of deletion in 13.3% of the cases, mainly in type I patients. Deletions of the NAIP and BTF2p44tel genes were detected in 1.3 and 3.9% of carrriers, respectively, in Turkish SMA families. Two patients were detected to harbor the hybrid SMN gene, one type II with deletion of the NAIP gene, and one type III without deletion of the NAIP gene. (+info)

Analysis of the SMN and NAIP genes in slovak spinal muscular atrophy patients. (6/101)

We identified homozygous absence of exon 7 of the telomeric copy of the survival motor neuron gene (telSMN) in 88.4% (38/43) of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from Slovakia. Additional deletions within the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene were found in 38.5% of type I, 12.5% of type II and never in type III SMA patients. Neither the SMN nor the NAIP gene was deleted in 81 healthy relatives and 25 controls tested. In one family, pseudodominant inheritance was identified. Both the type III SMA father and type II SMA son carried the homozygous deletion of the telSMN gene. One SMA I patient showed an SMN hybrid gene, probably created by intrachromosomal deletion. In two haploidentical type II SMA sibs, the telSMN exon 7 was absent on one chromosome, while the other carried an A-->G transition 96 bp upstream of exon 7 of the telSMN gene, a potential disease-causing mutation in these patients. (+info)

Deletion of SMN and NAIP genes in Korean patients with spinal muscular atrophy. (7/101)

Childhood-onset proximal spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are an autosomal recessive, clinically heterogeneous group of neuronopathies characterized by selective degeneration of anterior horn cells. The causative genes to be reported are survival motor neuron (SMN) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes. The deletion of telomeric copy of SMN (SMN(T)) gene was observed in over 95% of SMAs. The deletion rate of NAIP gene is 20-50% according to disease severity. The objective of this article is to genetically characterize the childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy in Koreans. Five Korean families (14 constituents containing 5 probands) with SMA were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used for the deletion analysis of SMN(T). Multiplex PCR method was used for NAIP analysis. Four probands showed deletion of SMNT gene. Deletion of SMN(C) (centromeric SMN) gene was found in one proband who did not show the deletion of SMN(T) gene and in the father of one proband who showed the deletion of SMN(T) gene. The deletion of NAIP gene was not found among all the studied individuals. The extent of deletion in Koreans was smaller than that in other studied population. PCR-RFLP deletion analysis can be applied to diagnose SMA and make a prenatal diagnosis. (+info)

NAIP interacts with hippocalcin and protects neurons against calcium-induced cell death through caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways. (8/101)

Inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), including neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), inhibit cell death. Other IAPs inhibit key caspase proteases which effect cell death, but the mechanism by which NAIP acts is unknown. Here we report that NAIP, through its third baculovirus inhibitory repeat domain (BIR3), binds the neuron-restricted calcium-binding protein, hippocalcin, in an interaction promoted by calcium. In neuronal cell lines NSC-34 and Neuro-2a, over-expression of the BIR domains of NAIP (NAIP-BIR1-3) counteracted the calcium-induced cell death induced by ionomycin and thapsigargin. This protective capacity was significantly enhanced when NAIP-BIR1-3 was co-expressed with hippocalcin. Over-expression of the BIR3 domain or hippocalcin alone did not substantially enhance cell survival, but co-expression greatly increased their protective effects. These data suggest synergy between NAIP and hippocalcin in facilitating neuronal survival against calcium-induced death stimuli mediated through the BIR3 domain. Analysis of caspase activity after thapsigargin treatment revealed that caspase-3 is activated in NSC-34, but not Neuro-2a, cells. Thus NAIP, in conjunction with hippocalcin, can protect neurons against calcium-induced cell death in caspase-3-activated and non-activated pathways. (+info)

NAIP (Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein) is a protein involved in inhibiting programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. It is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family and is primarily expressed in neurons. NAIP plays a crucial role in preventing excessive cell death during nervous system development and after nerve injury. It functions by binding to and inhibiting certain caspases, which are enzymes that play an essential role in initiating and executing apoptosis. Mutations in the gene encoding NAIP have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) of childhood are a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by degeneration and loss of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. The severity and age of onset can vary significantly, with some forms presenting in infancy and others in later childhood or even adulthood.

The most common form of SMA is 5q autosomal recessive SMA, also known as survival motor neuron (SMN) disease, which results from mutations in the SMN1 gene. The severity of this form can range from severe (type I or Werdnig-Hoffmann disease), intermediate (type II or chronic infantile neurodegenerative disorder), to mild (type III or Kugelberg-Welander disease).

Type I SMA is the most severe form, with onset before 6 months of age and rapid progression leading to death within the first two years of life if left untreated. Type II SMA has an onset between 6 and 18 months of age, with affected children never achieving the ability to walk independently. Type III SMA has a later onset, typically after 18 months of age, and is characterized by a slower progression, allowing for the ability to walk unaided, although mobility may be lost over time.

Other forms of childhood-onset SMA include autosomal dominant distal SMA, X-linked SMA, and spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA or Kennedy's disease). These forms have distinct genetic causes and clinical presentations.

In general, SMAs are characterized by muscle weakness, hypotonia, fasciculations, tongue atrophy, and depressed or absent deep tendon reflexes. Respiratory and nutritional support is often required in more severe cases. Recent advances in gene therapy have led to the development of disease-modifying treatments for some forms of SMA.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder that affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. It is caused by a mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which results in a deficiency of SMN protein necessary for the survival of motor neurons.

There are several types of SMA, classified based on the age of onset and severity of symptoms. The most common type is type 1, also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, which presents in infancy and is characterized by severe muscle weakness, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties. Other types include type 2 (intermediate SMA), type 3 (Kugelberg-Welander disease), and type 4 (adult-onset SMA).

The symptoms of SMA may include muscle wasting, fasciculations, weakness, hypotonia, respiratory difficulties, and mobility impairment. The diagnosis of SMA typically involves genetic testing to confirm the presence of a mutation in the SMN1 gene. Treatment options for SMA may include medications, physical therapy, assistive devices, and respiratory support.

The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) complex is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), which are essential components of the spliceosome involved in pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. The SMN complex consists of several proteins, including the SMN protein itself, Gemins2-8, and unrip.

The SMN protein is the central component of the complex and is encoded by the SMN1 gene located on chromosome 5q13.2. Mutations in this gene can lead to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a genetic disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy.

The SMN complex assembles in the cytoplasm and facilitates the assembly of spliceosomal snRNPs by helping to load Sm proteins onto small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules. Proper functioning of the SMN complex is essential for the correct splicing of pre-mRNA, and its dysfunction can lead to various developmental abnormalities and diseases, including SMA.

Survival of Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) protein is a critical component for the survival of motor neurons, which are nerve cells that control muscle movements. The SMN1 protein is produced by the Survival of Motor Neuron 1 gene, located on human chromosome 5q13.

The primary function of the SMN1 protein is to assist in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), which are essential for spliceosomes - complex molecular machines responsible for RNA processing in the cell. The absence or significant reduction of SMN1 protein leads to defective snRNP assembly, impaired RNA splicing, and ultimately results in motor neuron degeneration.

Mutations in the SMN1 gene can cause Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, atrophy, and paralysis due to the loss of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. The severity of SMA depends on the amount of functional SMN1 protein produced, with less protein leading to more severe symptoms.

Nerve tissue proteins are specialized proteins found in the nervous system that provide structural and functional support to nerve cells, also known as neurons. These proteins include:

1. Neurofilaments: These are type IV intermediate filaments that provide structural support to neurons and help maintain their shape and size. They are composed of three subunits - NFL (light), NFM (medium), and NFH (heavy).

2. Neuronal Cytoskeletal Proteins: These include tubulins, actins, and spectrins that provide structural support to the neuronal cytoskeleton and help maintain its integrity.

3. Neurotransmitter Receptors: These are specialized proteins located on the postsynaptic membrane of neurons that bind neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons, triggering a response in the target cell.

4. Ion Channels: These are transmembrane proteins that regulate the flow of ions across the neuronal membrane and play a crucial role in generating and transmitting electrical signals in neurons.

5. Signaling Proteins: These include enzymes, receptors, and adaptor proteins that mediate intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuronal development, differentiation, survival, and death.

6. Adhesion Proteins: These are cell surface proteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, playing a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of neural circuits.

7. Extracellular Matrix Proteins: These include proteoglycans, laminins, and collagens that provide structural support to nerve tissue and regulate neuronal migration, differentiation, and survival.

Gene deletion is a type of mutation where a segment of DNA, containing one or more genes, is permanently lost or removed from a chromosome. This can occur due to various genetic mechanisms such as homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, or other types of genomic rearrangements.

The deletion of a gene can have varying effects on the organism, depending on the function of the deleted gene and its importance for normal physiological processes. If the deleted gene is essential for survival, the deletion may result in embryonic lethality or developmental abnormalities. However, if the gene is non-essential or has redundant functions, the deletion may not have any noticeable effects on the organism's phenotype.

Gene deletions can also be used as a tool in genetic research to study the function of specific genes and their role in various biological processes. For example, researchers may use gene deletion techniques to create genetically modified animal models to investigate the impact of gene deletion on disease progression or development.

CREB (Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to various cellular signals. CREB binds to the cAMP response element (CRE) sequence in the promoter region of target genes and regulates their transcription.

When activated, CREB undergoes phosphorylation at a specific serine residue (Ser-133), which leads to its binding to the coactivator protein CBP/p300 and recruitment of additional transcriptional machinery to the promoter region. This results in the activation of target gene transcription.

CREB is involved in various cellular processes, including metabolism, differentiation, survival, and memory formation. Dysregulation of CREB has been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and mood disorders.

Apoptosis is a programmed and controlled cell death process that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is a natural process that helps maintain tissue homeostasis by eliminating damaged, infected, or unwanted cells. During apoptosis, the cell undergoes a series of morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into membrane-bound vesicles called apoptotic bodies. These bodies are then recognized and engulfed by neighboring cells or phagocytic cells, preventing an inflammatory response. Apoptosis is regulated by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways that involve proteins such as caspases, Bcl-2 family members, and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs).

Neurons, also known as nerve cells or neurocytes, are specialized cells that constitute the basic unit of the nervous system. They are responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information and signals within the body. Neurons have three main parts: the dendrites, the cell body (soma), and the axon. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, while the axon transmits these signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit the signal across the gap (synaptic cleft) to the next neuron. Neurons vary in size, shape, and structure depending on their function and location within the nervous system.

CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein, also known as CFLAR or FLIP, is a protein that plays a role in regulating cell death (apoptosis). It is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. The protein contains a death effector domain (DED), which allows it to interact with other proteins that contain DEDs, such as FADD and caspase-8.

CFLAR can function as an inhibitor or a promoter of apoptosis, depending on the context. When CFLAR is present in high levels, it can bind to and inhibit the activity of caspase-8, preventing the initiation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. However, when CFLAR is present in low levels or is cleaved by proteases, it can promote apoptosis by facilitating the activation of caspase-8.

Mutations in the gene that encodes CFLAR have been associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Caspase-3 is a type of protease enzyme that plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It's also known as CPP32 (CPP for ced-3 protease precursor) or apopain. Caspase-3 is produced as an inactive protein that is activated when cleaved by other caspases during the early stages of apoptosis. Once activated, it cleaves a variety of cellular proteins, including structural proteins, enzymes, and signal transduction proteins, leading to the characteristic morphological and biochemical changes associated with apoptotic cell death. Caspase-3 is often referred to as the "death protease" because of its crucial role in executing the cell death program.

Caspases are a family of protease enzymes that play essential roles in programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. These enzymes are produced as inactive precursors and are activated when cells receive signals to undergo apoptosis. Once activated, caspases cleave specific protein substrates, leading to the characteristic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation associated with apoptotic cell death. Caspases also play roles in other cellular processes, including inflammation and differentiation. There are two types of caspases: initiator caspases (caspase-2, -8, -9, and -10) and effector caspases (caspase-3, -6, and -7). Initiator caspases are activated in response to various apoptotic signals and then activate the effector caspases, which carry out the proteolytic cleavage of cellular proteins. Dysregulation of caspase activity has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic injury, and cancer.

Apoptosis regulatory proteins are a group of proteins that play an essential role in the regulation and execution of apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death. This process is a normal part of development and tissue homeostasis, allowing for the elimination of damaged or unnecessary cells. The balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins determines whether a cell will undergo apoptosis.

Pro-apoptotic proteins, such as BAX, BID, and PUMA, promote apoptosis by neutralizing or counteracting the effects of anti-apoptotic proteins or by directly activating the apoptotic pathway. These proteins can be activated in response to various stimuli, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and activation of the death receptor pathway.

Anti-apoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1, inhibit apoptosis by binding and neutralizing pro-apoptotic proteins or by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, which is a key step in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Dysregulation of apoptosis regulatory proteins has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, understanding the role of these proteins in apoptosis regulation is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions.

2004). "Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein does not interact with Smac and requires ATP to bind caspase-9". J. Biol. Chem. ... Neuronal+Apoptosis-Inhibitory+Protein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all ... 2002). "Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein: Structural requirements for hippocalcin binding and effects on survival of NGF- ... 2007). "Distribution of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein in human tissues". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 55 (9): 911-23. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAIP_(gene)

Davoodi J, Lin L, Kelly J, Liston P, MacKenzie AE (September 2004). "Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein does not interact ... This protein binds inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thus freeing caspases to activate apoptosis. Due to its proapoptotic ... a group of proteins that negatively regulate apoptosis, or programmed cell death. SMAC is normally a mitochondrial protein ... a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing IAP proteins". Cell. 102 (1): 43-53. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_homolog

Davoodi J, Lin L, Kelly J, Liston P, MacKenzie AE (September 2004). "Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein does not interact ... X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), also known as inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 (IAP3) and baculoviral IAP ... XIAP is the most potent human IAP protein currently identified. Neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP) was the first ... Suzuki Y, Nakabayashi Y, Takahashi R (July 2001). "Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIAP

Davoodi J, Lin L, Kelly J, Liston P, MacKenzie AE (September 2004). "Neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein does not interact ... Deveraux QL, Reed JC (February 1999). "IAP family proteins--suppressors of apoptosis". Genes & Development. 13 (3): 239-52. doi ... two isoforms of a novel member of the mammalian Ced-4 family of apoptosis proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 ( ... a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (13): 4292-301. doi:10.1128/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase-9

Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins Neuropeptides Olfactory Marker Protein S100 Proteins ... Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) belongs to the family of proteins called the inhibiter of apoptosis family (IAP), ... "Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein: Structural requirements for hippocalcin binding and effects on survival of NGF-dependent ... Hippocalcin is a neuronal calcium-sensor protein which has two to three regions that can bind with calcium ions. The X-linked ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_tissue_protein

Furthermore, the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), normally widespread, has an LTR of the HERV-P family acting as a ... and the proteins can interfere with active retroviruses. A gag protein from HERV-K(HML2) is shown to mix with HIV Gag, ... On a protein level, a direct interaction between TLRs and certain HERV proteins has been shown. For example, the surface unit ... encodes for coat proteins for the virus's exterior). These viral proteins are encoded as polyproteins. In order to carry out ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endogenous_retrovirus

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) Mixed lineage kinase 2 (MLK2) - MLK2 is myosin light chain kinase 2 The b2 adaptin ... Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins: Generating Diversity in Neuronal Ca2+ Signalling". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8 ... Hippocalcin is a calcium-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of proteins. It is expressed ... "Neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins: multitalented regulators of neuronal function". Trends Neurosci. 27 (4): 203-9. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocalcin

... neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein MeSH D12.644.360.075.437.750 - x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein MeSH D12.644. ... proto-oncogene proteins c-vav MeSH D12.644.360.024.334 - smad proteins MeSH D12.644.360.024.334.200 - smad proteins, inhibitory ... apoptosis regulatory proteins MeSH D12.644.360.075.311 - apoptosis inducing factor MeSH D12.644.360.075.405 - caspases MeSH ... neuronal calcium-sensor proteins MeSH D12.644.360.381.500.124 - guanylate cyclase-activating proteins MeSH D12.644.360.381. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.644)

... in neuronal injury through apoptosis inducing factor and activation of nuclease activity of macrophage migration inhibitory ... The Dawsons have also been at the forefront of research into the biology and pathobiology of the proteins and mutant proteins ... 2006). "Apoptosis-inducing factor substitutes for caspase executioners in NMDA-triggered excitotoxic neuronal death". J ... protein ligase and promotes the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, CDCrel-1". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_M._Dawson

... activity of proto-oncogenic proteins, apoptosis, centrosome duplication, and organization of neuronal dendrites. In unicellular ... Most NDR kinase catalytic domains also contain an extended insert region that may function as an auto-inhibitory element. The ... Pearce, Laura R.; David Komander; Dario R. Allesi (January 2010). "The nuts and bolts of AGC protein kinases". Nature Reviews ... NDR (nuclear dbf2-related) kinases, are an ancient and highly conserved subclass of AGC protein kinases that control diverse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDR_kinase

JNK activation is required for apoptosis but c-jun, a protein in the JNK signaling pathway, is not always required. LNGFR also ... p75NTR is involved in pathways that promote neuronal survival and neuronal death. p75NTR is a member of the tumor necrosis ... to mediate RhoA-dependent inhibition of growth of regenerating axons exposed to inhibitory proteins of CNS myelin, such as Nogo ... October 1999). "TRAF family proteins interact with the common neurotrophin receptor and modulate apoptosis induction". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor

The secreted protein encoded by this gene family member is important in axonal guidance and has been shown to act as a tumor ... Castro-Rivera E, Ran S, Thorpe P, Minna JD (August 2004). "Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) induces apoptosis in lung and breast cancer, ... The semaphorin/collapsin family of molecules plays a critical role in the guidance of growth cones during neuronal development ... "Murine semaphorin D/collapsin is a member of a diverse gene family and creates domains inhibitory for axonal extension". Neuron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEMA3B

... leading to a neuronal cell death pathway known as apoptosis. Apoptosis occurs primarily via the increased intracellular ... This protein interacts with other proteins called SNAREs in order to induce vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane. As a ... These electrical signals may be excitatory or inhibitory, and, if the total of excitatory influences exceeds that of the ... Additional sources of neuronal cell death related to excitotoxicity involve energy rundown in the mitochondria and increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_synapse

... neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein MeSH D12.776.476.075.437.750 - x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein MeSH D12.776. ... smad proteins, inhibitory MeSH D12.776.476.024.417.249.600 - smad6 protein MeSH D12.776.476.024.417.249.700 - smad7 protein ... smad1 protein MeSH D12.776.476.024.417.500.200 - smad2 protein MeSH D12.776.476.024.417.500.300 - smad3 protein MeSH D12.776. ... rhoa gtp-binding protein MeSH D12.776.476.525.700.300 - rhob gtp-binding protein The list continues at List of MeSH codes ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.476)

The axon hillock is a specialized domain of the neuronal cell body from which the axon originates. A high amount of protein ... In case of neurons, the soma receives a large number of inhibitory synapses, which can regulate the activity of these cells. It ... of some sensory neurons depends on axon terminals making contact with sources of survival factors that prevent apoptosis. The ... Axons contain microtubule-associated motor proteins that transport protein-containing vesicles between the soma and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_(biology)

... binding inhibitory protein, a negative regulator of MUK/dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase/leucine zipper protein kinase". J. ... Another important function of the developing mammalian nervous system is neuronal apoptosis. The absence of DLK also protects ... neuronal migration and axon growth are critical components of neuronal development. DLK null mice have defects in neuronal ... Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K12 gene. The protein encoded by this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP3K12

HGE was shown to exhibit selective osteoclast inhibitory activity by inducing osteoclast apoptosis and inhibiting their ... The resulting isocyanates could then react with skin proteins. In the liver of humans and rats, HGE can be metabolized via ... HGE increases the affinity of GABA binding to its receptor, thus decreasing the neuronal excitability. Flumazenil, a selective ... Studies have found that HGE plays a role in antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. It is also shown to have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14-Hydroxygelsenicine

Sun X, Wu Y, Herculano B, Song W (2014-04-21). "RCAN1 overexpression exacerbates calcium overloading-induced neuronal apoptosis ... SH3 domains or PRD are very important to allow the binding of the protein to endocytosis-related proteins such as ITSN1 and ... Ermak G, Morgan TE, Davies KJ (October 2001). "Chronic overexpression of the calcineurin inhibitory gene DSCR1 (Adapt78) is ... Down syndrome critical region gene 1, also known as DSCR1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RCAN1 gene. DSCR1 in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSCR1

... has also been found to promote apoptosis within neuronal cells. It is currently believed that KCNB1-induced apoptosis ... Another proposed mechanism for regulation of apoptosis is oligomerization, or the process of forming multi-protein complexes ... a new neuronal potassium channel subunit with specific inhibitory properties towards Shab and Shaw channels". The EMBO Journal ... and apoptosis. Voltage-gated potassium channels are essential in regulating neuronal membrane potential, and in contributing to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNB1

GnIH binds to the Gαi protein coupled receptor GPR147 to suppress adenylyl cyclase formation of cAMP and inhibit protein kinase ... Furthermore, GnIH neuronal cell counts in multiple vertebrates fluctuate with an organism's parental status. GnIH cell count ... In male vertebrates, GnIH reduces testis size, lowers testosterone secretion, and increases the incidence of apoptosis in germ ... Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a RFamide-related peptide coded by the NPVF gene in mammals. GnIH was discovered in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-inhibitory_hormone

PKR also mediates ethanol-induced protein synthesis inhibition and apoptosis which is linked to fetal alcohol syndrome. Protein ... 2006). "Activated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase and neuronal death in models of Alzheimer's disease". ... However, BACE1 expression can be activated by phosphorylation of eIF2a, which reverses the inhibitory effect exerted by BACE1 5 ... Protein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_R

The protein encoded by this gene is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in ... Insulin stimulation of neuronal cells also antagonizes PAK2 kinase activity, leading to an increased glucose uptake. PAK2- ... Similar to PAK1, PAK2 contains a p21-binding domain (PBD) and an auto-inhibitory domain (AID) and exists in an inactive ... The protein encoded by this gene is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAK2

All three RGM proteins appear capable of binding selected BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins). RGMs may play inhibitory roles in ... Neogenin overexpression and RGM downexpression in the developing embryonic neural tube induces apoptosis. The apoptotic ... "RGM and its receptor neogenin regulate neuronal survival". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (8): 749-55. doi:10.1038/ncb1157. PMID 15258591. ... linked cell-membrane-associated proteins. The three proteins, RGMa (this protein), RGMb and RGMc are 40-50% identical to each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repulsive_guidance_molecule_A

The increase in LRRK2 kinase activity leads to enhanced protein translation via the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein ... They defined the role for NO generated from neuronal NO synthase or immunologic NO synthase leads in models of HIV dementia and ... Her research team discovered that PAR leads to cell death by facilitating the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) factor ... Parsylated AIF then recruits macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the complex translocates to the nucleus where the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valina_L._Dawson

Current research suggests that genes that increase susceptibility to ASD are ones that control protein synthesis in neuronal ... Some of these genes are known to modulate production of the GABA neurotransmitter, the nervous system's main inhibitory ... February 2009). "CHD8 suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis through histone H1 recruitment during early embryogenesis". Nature Cell ... The gene CHD8 encodes the protein chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8, which is a chromatin regulator enzyme that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum

Manipulation of apoptosis regulator proteins Bcl-2 and Bax (overexpression of Bcl-2 or deletion of Bax) produces an increase in ... Lossi, L; Merighi, A (April 2003). "In vivo cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis in the mammalian CNS". ... In the neocortex, a 4:1 ratio of excitatory to inhibitory interneurons is maintained by apoptotic machinery that appears to be ... It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death

"Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 phosphorylates p53 at Ser 46 and mediates apoptosis". Nature Cell Biology. 4 (1): 11-9 ... The auto-inhibitory domain, which contains an ubiquitylation site at the K1182 residue is located at the C-terminus. HIPK2 has ... HIPK2 has been shown to be expressed at the highest levels in the brain and neuronal tissues. In addition to adult tissues, ... HIPK2 interacts with several other proteins: CREB binding protein p53 p300 SKI protein TP53INP1 ATM kinase PIN1 HMGA1 SIAH1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPK2

This family is also known as inhibitors of DNA binding protein family and are composed of transcription inhibitory proteins ... "Modulation of basic helix-loop-helix transcription complex formation by Id proteins during neuronal differentiation". J. Biol. ... This is inclusive of embryonic cellular growth, senescence, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and as an oncogene in ... ID4 is a protein coding gene. In humans, it encodes for the protein known as DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4. This protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID4

After natural apoptosis is suppressed, abnormal tumor growth can be observed through the loss of polarity in which Rho proteins ... genetic malfunctions of a rho protein could explain the irregular morphology of neuronal dendrites seen in some cases of mental ... Following injury to the spinal cord, the extracellular space becomes inhibitory to the natural efforts neurons undergo to ... A second target to explain the role of the Rho proteins in cancer is their regulatory proteins. Rho proteins are very tightly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases

In both cases, the protein is vital for normal neuronal pattern development. Semaphorin-3A is secreted by neurons and ... "Murine semaphorin D/collapsin is a member of a diverse gene family and creates domains inhibitory for axonal extension". Neuron ... it potentially holds a causal relationship to synaptic weakening and denervation that precedes motor neuron apoptosis in ALS. ... Semaphorin-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA3A gene. The SEMA3A gene is a member of the semaphorin family ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphorin-3A

RhoA signaling is largely responsible for the neuronal response to neuronal inhibitory proteins and the regeneration (or lack ... Zhang Z, Xu X, Xiang Z, Yu Z, Feng J, He C (Apr 2013). "LINGO-1 receptor promotes neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting WNK3 kinase ... Since LINGO-1 is a leucine-rich repeat protein, which are known for their important role in protein-protein interactions in a ... Carim-Todd L, Escarceller M, Estivill X, Sumoy L (Dec 2003). "LRRN6A/LERN1 (leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 1) a novel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINGO1

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein encoded by NAIP contains regions of homology to two baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis ... proteins, and it is able to suppress apoptosis induced by various signals. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative ... Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) ELISA Kit. Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) ELISA Kit ... Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein microplate. • Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein standard. • Human ...

https://www.abbkine.com/product/human-neuronal-apoptosis-inhibitory-protein-naip-elisa-kit-kte61383/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAIP_(gene)

The gene for neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein is partially deleted in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy. Cell. 1995 ... Inherited neuronal atrophy and degeneration predominantly of lower motor neurons. Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, eds. Peripheral ... Candidate proteins, metabolites and transcripts in the Biomarkers for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (BforSMA) clinical study. PLoS ... of the amount of full-length SMN protein versus SMN1. This genomic organization provides a therapeutic pathway to promote SMN2 ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1181436-overview

... general anesthesia in postnatal mice induces preferential apoptosis and subsequent loss of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory ... Preventing the loss of parvalbumin neurons by deleting a proapoptotic protein, mitochondrial anchored protein ligase (MAPL), ... Each parvalbumin interneuron controls the activity of multiple pyramidal excitatory neurons, thereby regulating neuronal ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/159344/pdf

Genotype-phenotype correlation of survival motor neuron and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein genes in spinal muscular ... A SMNDelta7 read-through product confers functionality to the SMNDelta7 protein. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jun 26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ...

https://reference.medscape.com/article/306812-overview

Human neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP, BIRC-1; MEROPS identifier I32.001).. * Drosophila apoptosis inhibitors 1 and ... It is found in proteins belonging to the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) family. The critical motifs required for anti- ... Domain found in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and other proteins. Acts as a direct inhibitor of caspase enzymes. ... The baculovirus inhibitior of apoptosis protein repeat (BIR) [ (PUBMED:8139034) (PUBMED:8552191) ] is a domain of about 70 ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=BIR&START=157&END=229&E_VALUE=8.04e-37&TYPE=SMART&BLAST=HEEEARLESFEDWPFYAHGTSPRALSAAGFVFTGKRDTVQCFSCGGSLGNWEEGDDPWKEHAKWFPKCEFLQS

Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein Entry term(s). Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein, Neuronal NAIP Protein Neuronal Apoptosis ... Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein, Neuronal. NAIP Protein. Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein. Tree number(s):. D08.811.464.938. ... Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein - Preferred Concept UI. M0241452. Scope note. An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that was ... 2006; NEURONAL APOPTOSIS-INHIBITORY PROTEIN was indexed under NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS 1995-2005. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=50803

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein from Human in samples from blood, ... Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP) in ... Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP) in ... Description: A sandwich CLIA kit for quantitative measurement of Human NAIP (Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein) in samples ...

https://orbitalbiosciences.com/human-viperinvirus-inhibitory-protein-elisa-kit/

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP). This antibody is labeled ... Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP). This antibody is labeled ... Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP). This antibody is labeled ... Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP). This antibody is labeled ...

https://bioworldantibodies.com/naip-rabbit-polyclonal-antibody/

... were also positive for neuronal apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIP) deletion. Conclusion: SMA is not an uncommon ... Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of ceroid ... This study is a retrospective review of charts of patients with a diagnosis of infantile and late-infantile neuronal ceroid ... This study suggests that infantile and late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is not uncommon in this region of the ...

https://neurologyindia.com/showBackIssue.asp?issn=0028-3886

It interacts with NEURONAL APOPTOSIS-INHIBITORY PROTEIN. Descriptor ID. D051597 MeSH Number(s). D12.644.360.372.500.249 ... A neuronal calcium-sensor protein that was initially found in the NEURONS of the HIPPOCAMPUS. ... Heterogeneous N-terminal acylation of retinal proteins. Prog Lipid Res. 1999 Jan; 38(1):49-90. ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/display/20708

Bcl-2 family proteins are key regulators of apoptosis. Both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of this family are found ... Furthermore, ectopic Buffy is not generally inhibitory to PCD in the animal. Secondly, the Drosophila Bcl-2 proteins can ... LFG was first identified as neuronal membrane protein 35 when it was found to be differentially upregulated during rat ... there was no DIAP1 protein in the glial cell. The lack of DIAP1 protein was not because RHG proteins induced DIAP1 protein ...

https://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/sturtevant/buffy1.htm

Diez E, Yaraghi Z, MacKenzie A, Gros P. The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) is expressed in macrophages and is ... Abadía-Molina F, Morón-Calvente V, Baird SD, Shamim F, Martín F, MacKenzie A. Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) ... Distinct expression of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) during murine development. Neuroreport. 2002;13(4):397-402 ... Expression of NLR family, including NOD1, NOD2, class II transactivator (CIITA), NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP ...

https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/doi/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0093

Neurofilament Proteins. *Neurogranin. *Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein. *Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins. *Neuropeptides ... The major proteins of peripheral nervous system myelin include: MYELIN BASIC PROTEINS (myelin P1 protein and MYELIN P2 PROTEIN ... Proteins found in the myelin sheath. The major proteins of central nervous system myelin include: MYELIN PROTEOLIPID PROTEIN; ... Protein citrullination marks myelin protein aggregation and disease progression in mouse ALS models. Acta Neuropathol Commun. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Myelin%20Proteins

When sepsis occurred, apoptosis of neuronal and glial within cardiac autonomic centers increased (51), sepsis-induced ... Bohm M, Kirchmayr R, Gierschik P, Erdmann E. Increase of myocardial inhibitory G-proteins in catecholamine-refractory septic ... High-Mobility Group Protein B (HMGB)1. High-mobility group protein B1, a non-histone nuclear protein, serves as an alarmin to ... Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). Heat shock proteins, a group of highly selective proteins produced by cells in reaction to stress, ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01021/full

... confirmation of central roles for mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling effectors, the importin family of ... The extensive lengths of neuronal processes necessitate efficient mechanisms for communication with the cell body. Neuronal ... JNK-mediated phosphorylation of DLK suppresses its ubiquitination to promote neuronal apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. 202, 747-763 ( ... Yan, D. & Jin, Y. Regulation of DLK-1 kinase activity by calcium-mediated dissociation from an inhibitory isoform. Neuron 76, ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3609?error=cookies_not_supported&code=0d2e43ea-fa83-486c-a4b2-63f83e73af82

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) is particularly interesting because expression of NAIP is reported to be highly ... The genetic mechanisms that inhibit activation of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family include molecules that sequester key ... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a critical physiological process that is turned on and off as appropriate to eliminate ... Apoptosis is a highly regulated process receiving many activating and inhibiting signals, but the final outcome relies on which ...

https://healthresearchbc.ca/award/regulatory-mechanisms-anti-apoptotic-naip-gene-during-cellular-stress-and-malignancy/

Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein [D12.776.631.642] * Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins [D12.776.631.645] * Guanylate ... Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins [D12] * Proteins [D12.776] * Carrier Proteins [D12.776.157] * Calcium-Binding Proteins [ ... Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins [D12.644.360.372.500] * Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Proteins [D12.644.360.372.500.124] ... Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins [D12.776.476.387.500] * Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Proteins [D12.776.476.387.500.124] ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D051580

Two genes, i.e., survival motor neuron (SMN1) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) are mapped to the SMA vicinity ... Mutated proteins encoded by SMN1 and NAIP genes also result in degeneration and muscle weakness in SMA patients. CONCLUSIONS: ... Atrofia Muscular Espinal , Proteína Inibidora de Apoptose Neuronal , Proteína 1 de Sobrevivência do Neurônio Motor , Feminino ... Proteína Inibidora de Apoptose Neuronal/genética , Proteína 1 de Sobrevivência do Neurônio Motor/genética ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Alamri,+A+S

p75NTR also acts as a co-receptor for NOGO which mediates inhibitory signals of myelin associated protein. p75NTR is highly ... It mediates signals of neurotrophins for neuronal survival, apoptosis, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. Recently, it ... Typical Fluorophore/Protein (F/P) - ratio is 3-10. * Storage Instructions Liquid antibody is shipped cold. Upon arrival, spin ... Purity Description Protein A purified IgG was labelled with FITC and free dye removed by gel filtration. ...

https://www.biosensis.com/mouse-monoclonal-antibody-human-ngfrp75ntr-fitc-1618.html

Engineering neuronal growth cones to promote axon regeneration over inhibitory molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108: ... Whether disruption of these cytoskeletal proteins can also contribute to neuronal apoptosis and the regulation of Rg1 might be ... through which Rg1 ultimately magnifies its protection against neuronal apoptosis. The cytoskeletal protein is composed of ... As a marker protein only expressing in perikarya and dendrites of neuronal cells [39], microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) ...

https://ijbs.com/v12p1341.htm

Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein D12.776.641.642 D12.776.631.642 Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins D12.776.641.645 D12.776. ... Smad Proteins D12.776.476.24.417 D12.776.476.24.428 Smad Proteins, Inhibitory D12.776.476.24.417.249 D12.776.476.24.428.249 ... ELAV Proteins D12.776.641.520 D12.776.631.520 ELAV-Like Protein 2 D12.776.641.520.500 D12.776.631.520.500 ELAV-Like Protein 3 ... PrP 27-30 Protein D12.776.785.700.700 D12.776.785.340.750.700 PrPC Proteins D12.776.785.680 D12.776.785.340.500 PrPSc Proteins ...

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2017.txt

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2017.txt

We unveil that when locked in its Ca2+-free conformation the mutant protein fail to switch to the inhibitory state and lead to ... The neuronal calcium sensor proteins GCAPs (guanylate cyclase activating proteins) switch. Home / Uncategorized / The neuronal ... The neuronal calcium sensor proteins GCAPs (guanylate cyclase activating proteins) switch. February 24, 2018. phytid0 comments ... The neuronal calcium sensor proteins GCAPs (guanylate cyclase activating proteins) switch between Ca2+-free and Ca2+-bound ...

http://www.phytid.org/2018/02/24/the-neuronal-calcium-sensor-proteins-gcaps-guanylate-cyclase-activating-proteins-switch/

... the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein gene ( NAIP ) and p44 . The high proportion of patients with a deletion involving ... vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B ( VAPB ), TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43; TARDPB ), vasolin- ... A number of studies of denervation and atrophy in animal species have identified quantitative alterations in several proteins ... containing protein ( VCP ), optineurin ( OPTN ), angiogenin ( ANG ), spatasin ( SPG11 ), profilin1 ( PFN1 ) and others ( ) (see ...

https://musculoskeletalkey.com/neurogenic-disorders/

Sirtuins are enzymes that act as stress sensors and regulate metabolic adaptation by deacetylating proteins. Among them, ... SIRT3 also modulates neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)/NLR family caspase activation and recruitment domain- ... NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial protein synthesis by deacetylation of the ribosomal protein MRPL10. J ... SIRT3 has also been shown to deacetylate mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10 (MRPL10), the major acetylated protein in the ...

https://www2.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/686/htm

... focusing on their role in neuronal metabolism and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neuronal maintenance and ... The aim of the present work is to review cumulative evidence regarding the participation of PI3K pathways in neuronal function ... neuronal metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and the control of gene expression in the central nervous system in healthy and ... Less is known regarding its critical role in neuronal physiology, ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/12/3725

This Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate NAIP in samples. (abbkine.com)
Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human NAIP. (abbkine.com)
Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein encoded by NAIP contains regions of homology to two baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and it is able to suppress apoptosis induced by various signals. (abbkine.com)
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAIP gene. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of NLR family, including NOD1, NOD2, class II transactivator (CIITA), NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich repeat and Pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3 and NLRP7, was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. (animal-reproduction.org)
In addition, expression values of NAIP and NLRP7 mRNA and proteins were improved at days 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and NLRP1 was peaked at days 13 and 16 of pregnancy in the maternal spleen. (animal-reproduction.org)
Abadía-Molina F, Morón-Calvente V, Baird SD, Shamim F, Martín F, MacKenzie A. Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) localizes to the cytokinetic machinery during cell division. (animal-reproduction.org)
Diez E, Yaraghi Z, MacKenzie A, Gros P. The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) is expressed in macrophages and is modulated after phagocytosis and during intracellular infection with Legionella pneumophila . (animal-reproduction.org)
Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) is particularly interesting because expression of NAIP is reported to be highly elevated in various leukemias. (healthresearchbc.ca)
Two genes, i.e., survival motor neuron (SMN1) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) are mapped to the SMA vicinity of chromosome 5q13. (bvsalud.org)
Mutated proteins encoded by SMN1 and NAIP genes also result in degeneration and muscle weakness in SMA patients. (bvsalud.org)

Each parvalbumin interneuron controls the activity of multiple pyramidal excitatory neurons, thereby regulating neuronal circuits and memory consolidation. (jci.org)
Preventing the loss of parvalbumin neurons by deleting a proapoptotic protein, mitochondrial anchored protein ligase (MAPL), selectively in parvalbumin neurons rescued anesthesia-induced deficits in pyramidal cell inhibition and hippocampus-dependent long-term memory. (jci.org)
A neuronal calcium-sensor protein that was initially found in the NEURONS of the HIPPOCAMPUS. (ouhsc.edu)
The expression of human α-synuclein transgene in neuronal populations that include dopamine producing neurons under the control of Ddc -Gal4 produces a robust Parkinson disease model, and results in severely reduced lifespan and locomotor dysfunction. (sdbonline.org)
A family of intracellular calcium-sensing proteins found predominately in NEURONS and PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS . (nih.gov)
p75NTR is highly expressed in a number of non-neuronal and neuronal cells including motor neurons during development and also in damaged neurons. (biosensis.com)
Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
Meanwhile, both MH and Ac-DEVD-CHO had similar eﬀects in protecting cell morphology, reducing LDH release, and inhibiting OGD-induced apoptosis in neurons. (syksignal.com)
The majority of DEGs in excitatory and inhibitory neurons showed downregulation while most DEGs in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia were upregulated. (hhv-6foundation.org)
increase in mature neurons was unlikely due to suppressed apoptosis, because terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling analysis showed no difference in DNA terminal labeling between vehicle and 8-OH-DPAT-infused mice. (thetechnoant.info)

Porcine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) ELISA Kit Introduction: The event of SARS-CoV-2 serological assessments is very large. (elisastrip.com)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human protein disulfide isomerase, PDI in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

Domain found in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and other proteins. (embl.de)
It is found in proteins belonging to the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) family. (embl.de)
An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that was initially identified during analysis of CHROMOSOME DELETIONS associated with SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY. (bvsalud.org)

An apoptosis-inhibiting gene from a nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding a polypeptide with Cys/His sequence motifs. (embl.de)
Using a genetic complementation assay to identify additional genes which inhibit apoptosis during infection with a p35 mutant, we have isolated a gene from Orgyia pseudotsugata NPV (OpMNPV) that was able to functionally substitute for AcMNPV p35. (embl.de)
This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Less is known regarding its critical role in neuronal physiology, neuronal metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and the control of gene expression in the central nervous system in healthy and diseased states. (mdpi.com)
For example, using the 18-glycolsyl hydrolase protein Chi3L1 as a prototype, we were able to show that a single gene product can simultaneously suppress or promote injury and fibrosis depending on its temporospatial expression in the disease process. (yale.edu)
The primary receptors from the Wnt proteins contain at least 10 family termed the Frizzled proteins following the 1st member, cells polarity gene I (Vinson et al. (ipa2014.org)
Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis was performed using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins. (ijpsonline.com)

It mediates signals of neurotrophins for neuronal survival, apoptosis, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. (biosensis.com)
Under oxidative stress, the effects of maltol on cell viability, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth were assessed. (molvis.org)

However, all patients with spinal muscular atrophy retain at least 1 copy of SMN2 , which generates only 10% of the amount of full-length SMN protein versus SMN1 . (medscape.com)

The inhibition of porin under the control of neuronal Ddc-Gal4 result in short lifespan and in an age-dependent loss in locomotor function, phenotypes that are strongly associated with Drosophila models of Parkinson disease . (sdbonline.org)
After Foxc1 was overexpressed, the cognitive dysfunction of mice that underwent CLP surgery was improved, with the expression of IκBα also increased, microglial cell migration, the expression of p65, IL‑1β and TNF‑α and neuronal apoptosis were all decreased in vivo and in vitro , which were in turn reversed by the inhibition of IκBα in vitro . (spandidos-publications.com)
2014. Asparagus racemosus leaf extract inhibits growth of UOK 146 renal cell carcinoma cell line: simultaneous oncogenic PRCCTFE3 fusion transcript inhibition and apoptosis independent cell death. (raysahelian.com)

Here, we show that repeated general anesthesia in postnatal mice induces preferential apoptosis and subsequent loss of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. (jci.org)
The results showed impairment of hippocampus and striatal regions of brain after KA injection marked by an increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content and decline in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. (raysahelian.com)
In view of such observations and arguments, we are prompted to focus on receptors and signaling molecules that are likely BCL2L to play crucial roles in sculpting the major neuronal centers such as the hippocampus in the neonatal brain. (thetechnoant.info)
Thus, the G-protein-coupled 5-HT1A-R is present at significant levels in the P6 hippocampus to. (thetechnoant.info)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was found to trigger BV‑2 cell migration, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Finally, in very recent work, we have collaborated with investigators in Yale's School of Immunobiology to describe a new innate immune process by which the inflammation associated hormone GDF15 (also called macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1) controls systemic inflammation and tissue responses via central regulation of peripheral tolerance in multiple organs. (yale.edu)
The authors also described associations between cell subtypes and genes involved in inflammation, demyelination, protein folding and stability, neuronal and necrotic death, and T-cell activation and immunity, which pointed to cell-type specific responses to global cellular stress. (hhv-6foundation.org)
ObjectiveTo study the inhibitory effect of Banxia Houputang （BHT） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation of microglia （BV2） cells and the neuroprotective effect on human neuroblastoma （SH-SY5Y） cells. (bvsalud.org)
In addition， neuronal apoptosis model was established by co-culture of LPS-induced BV2 cell inflammation medium and SH-SY5Y cells （LPS-DMEM） and was administrated according to the above grouping. (bvsalud.org)
Assessment of microglial activation in lesioned sites and protein markers for proinflammatory, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and HMGB1 were used to evaluate neuroinflammatory responses and anti-inflammation effects of ω-3 PUFA supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
The enzyme in question is c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), pronounced 'junk,' which has been implicated in many processes in the body's response to stresses, such as oxidative stress , protein misfolding, and metabolic disorder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
PKG: protein kinase G. (frontiersin.org)
Crystallization and Structural Determination of ABLT315I:AP24534 The kinase domain of murine ABLT315I was coexpressed with YopH protein tyrosine phosphatase in E. coli as described previously and purified in the clear presence of AP24534 to near homogeneity using metal affinity, Mono Q, and measurement exclusion chroma tography. (smadpathway.com)
Several downstream sign transduction pathways can mediate the natural response from the Wnt proteins including Dishevelled, -catenin, intracellular calcium mineral, proteins kinase C, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3. (ipa2014.org)
Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)

The cell viability and apoptosis were determined by using adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. (molvis.org)
The lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate, neuronal viability, and apoptotic rate were also detected. (syksignal.com)
They also similarly improved neuronal viability after OGD. (syksignal.com)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Virus Inhibitory Protein (Viperin) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (orbitalbiosciences.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Virus Inhibitory Protein (Viperin) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (orbitalbiosciences.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (knoblauchpublishing.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

The critical motifs required for anti-apoptotic activity of IAP proteins are the BIRs. (embl.de)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)

Common upregulated genes shared across cell types in late-stage pathology were involved in protein folding and were associated with autophagy, apoptosis, and generalized stress response. (hhv-6foundation.org)

p75NTR also acts as a co-receptor for NOGO which mediates inhibitory signals of myelin associated protein. (biosensis.com)

The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. (ijbs.com)
RCAN1 is upregulated by stress factors, such as protein aggregates, elevated intracellular calcium, oxidative stress, and glucocorticoid, prevents excess and dangerous over-activation of calcineurin. (molcells.org)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, an important mediator in late inflammatory responses, interacts with transmembrane receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate downstream signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, leading to a cascade amplification of inflammatory responses, which are related to neuronal damage after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a critical physiological process that is turned on and off as appropriate to eliminate abnormal cells. (healthresearchbc.ca)
The genetic mechanisms that inhibit activation of the apoptosis protein (IAP) family include molecules that sequester key enzymes necessary for turning on and sustaining the process of programmed cell death. (healthresearchbc.ca)
That migration, coupled with JNK activation, is associated with a number of serious health issues, including apoptosis or programmed cell death, liver damage, neuronal cell death, stroke and heart attack. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The neuronal calcium sensor proteins GCAPs (guanylate cyclase activating proteins) switch between Ca2+-free and Ca2+-bound conformational states and confer calcium sensitivity to guanylate cyclase at retinal photoreceptor cells. (phytid.org)
To assay whether the transgenic bEF?GCAP2 protein has the capacity to activate Ret-GC activity in retinal extracts from mice in a comparable manner as in studies we performed guanylate cyclase activity assays in retinal extracts from the mutant or control mice obtained prior to significant retinal degeneration -between p20 and p30 - under conditions of 0 Ca2+ or 2 M Ca2+ (Fig. 3). (phytid.org)

The aim of the present work is to review cumulative evidence regarding the participation of PI3K pathways in neuronal function, focusing on their role in neuronal metabolism and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neuronal maintenance and plasticity or on the expression of pathological hallmarks associated with neurodegeneration. (mdpi.com)
In addition, a lot more than eighty focus on Monooctyl succinate genes of Wnt signaling pathways have already been confirmed in Monooctyl succinate individual also, mouse, which Monooctyl succinate has an 85-amino acidity domain close to the middle of proteins (Nusse and Varmus, 1992). (ipa2014.org)
Many recent studies likewise have demonstrated that the various subsets of Wnt protein can donate to specific physiological adjustments through triggering different intracellular pathways (Heisenberg et al. (ipa2014.org)

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

Immunogen Description Recombinant extracellular domain (amino acids 29-250) of human NGFR/p75NTR protein with N-terminal His-tag. (biosensis.com)

Because of the difficulties of generating conformational mAbs against complex and highly conserved membrane proteins, no reliable tools exist to measure GLUT4 at the cell surface, follow its trafficking, or detect the conformational state of the protein. (pubchase.com)

In higher eukaryotes, BIR domains inhibit apoptosis by acting as direct inhibitors of the caspase family of protease enzymes. (embl.de)
Proteins with BIR domains are considered peptidase inhibitors in family I32. (embl.de)
Baculoviruses apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs). (embl.de)

The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)

Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins interact with other regulatory proteins to mediate physiological responses to a change in intracellular calcium concentration. (nih.gov)
These Wnt protein bind the transmembrane receptor to activate heterotrimeric G protein and boost intracellular calcium amounts. (ipa2014.org)

The 'baculovirus inhibitior of apoptosis protein repeat' (BIR) [ ( PUBMED:8139034 ) ( PUBMED:8552191 ) ] is a domain of about 70 residues arranged in tandem repeats separated by a variable length linker, that seems to confer cell death-preventing activity. (embl.de)

Many studies have found that MH improves the neurological function of patients with HIE by reducing neuronal apoptosis [7,8]. (syksignal.com)
It was found that ω-3 PUFA supplementation inhibited TBI-induced microglial activation and expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ), reduced brain edema, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and improved neurological functions after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)

FEAST: A flow cytometry-based toolkit for interrogating microglial engulfment of synaptic and myelin proteins. (harvard.edu)

Myelin Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Proteins found in the myelin sheath. (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Myelin Proteins" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Myelin Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Myelin Proteins" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Protein citrullination marks myelin protein aggregation and disease progression in mouse ALS models. (harvard.edu)

Buffy often acts opposite to Debcl , the other Drosophila Bcl-2-family protein. (sdbonline.org)
These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
Pannexin-1 (PANX1) is an approximately 45 kDa member of the Pannexin family of four-transmembrane channel proteins with a conserved pattern of cysteines. (rndsystems.com)
A family of homologous proteins of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT that are predominately expressed in the BRAIN and that have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. (nih.gov)

Single-chain formats of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (scTRAIL) can serve as effector components of tumour-associated antigen-targeted as well as non-targeted fusion proteins, being characterized by high tumour cell-specific induction of apoptosis through death receptor activation. (pubchase.com)

IgG-single-chain TRAIL fusion proteins for tumour therapy. (pubchase.com)
The binding specificity to EGFR and death receptors was retained in all IgG-scTRAIL formats and translated into high antigen-specific bioactivity on EGFR-positive Colo205, HCT116 and WM1366 tumour cell lines, with or without sensitization to apoptosis by bortezomib. (pubchase.com)
As prooxidants, polyphenols may stimulate apoptosis and inhibit tumour growth [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Notably, Debcl modulates Drp1 mitochondrial localization during apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)

We found that only IGLC1 the distinct isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins fulfilled these criteria, being identified with a considerably higher number of peptides [1.33 to 3.2-fold higher] in the GCAPs? (phytid.org)

Apoptosis is a highly regulated process receiving many activating and inhibiting signals, but the final outcome relies on which signals tip the scale. (healthresearchbc.ca)

In the present study, the mechanistic role of Foxc1 on microglial migration, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in SAE was investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overall, these results suggest that the overexpression of Foxc1 inhibited microglial migration whilst suppressing the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis by regulating the IκBα/NF‑κB pathway, thereby improving cognitive dysfunction during SAE. (spandidos-publications.com)
TBI-induced microglial activation and the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL), and interferon (IFN), cause direct neuronal cell death and also induce vascular endothelial cells to express a variety of cell adhesion molecules and cell chemotaxis. (biomedcentral.com)

In conclusion, caspase-3 serves as a key intervention point of the key modulation site or regulatory region in MH treatment that protects neuronal apoptosis against OGD injury. (syksignal.com)

In the C57MG mouse, transient manifestation of Wnt1, Wnt2 and Wnt3a in mammary epithelial cells could cause morphological change while the additional Wnt proteins possess little influence on cell morphology (Wong et al. (ipa2014.org)

When the antioxidant system is overloaded, ROS will damage proteins, DNA, and lipids [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
We designed this study to investigate the potential of extract of Asparagus racemosus against kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal and striatal neuronal damage. (raysahelian.com)

Its conductance is increased in response to hypoxia, isotonic stress, NMDA R activation, and Caspase-3 and -7 activation during apopotosis. (rndsystems.com)
Apoptosis is the result of a biochemical cascade and caspase pro- teases are major participants in the apoptotic program [9]. (syksignal.com)

1993). Desk 1 Neuronal and cardiac manifestation from the Wnt as well as the Wnt receptor with natural function. (ipa2014.org)

Understanding the proteins that regulate the 5-HT1A promoter will lead to insights on receptor regulation and provide new therapeutic targets relevant to depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and other mental illnesses. (vdocuments.net)

We first identified the bioactive phytoconstituents from Amaranthus tricolor and predicted their potential protein targets involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction using BindingDB (p≥0.7). (ijpsonline.com)

The extensive lengths of neuronal processes necessitate efficient mechanisms for communication with the cell body. (nature.com)

The CPC includes, as well as Aurora B, three regulatory subunits: the inner centromeric protein, Survivin, and Borealin/Dasra W. Beginning in prophase, the CPC localizes to condensing chromosomes and steadily concentrates at the internal centromere where one function would be to correct poor Infectious causes of cancer spindle kinetochore devices. (smadpathway.com)

Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)

More recent work focuses on how neuronal guidance proteins are involved in these processes, and in modeling the biophysical attributes of the normal and diseased adult lung. (yale.edu)
In delineating the processes described above, we discovered an unexpected contribution of neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) to IPF and related diseases. (yale.edu)

Expression of circular RNA CDR1-AS in colon cancer cells increases cell surface PD-L1 protein levels. (harvard.edu)
Many people of Wnt protein have been determined to regulate proliferation, differentiation, and loss of life of varied cells. (ipa2014.org)

Life | Free Full-Text | Bromelain a Potential Bioactive Compound: A Comprehensive Overview from a Pharmacological Perspective (mdpi.com)

Volume 100 Issue 1 | Biology of Reproduction (bioone.org)

Nathanael S. Gray's Profile | Stanford Profiles (profiles.stanford.edu)

Anatomy1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs9

Phenomena and Processes2

Attenuation of ischemia-induced cellular and behavioral deficits by X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein overexpression in the rat hippocampus. (1/101)

Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy type I (Werdnig- hoffmann) by DNA deletion analysis of cultivated amniocytes. (2/101)

The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) is expressed in macrophages and is modulated after phagocytosis and during intracellular infection with Legionella pneumophila. (3/101)

The hippocampal neurons of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 (NAIP1)-deleted mice display increased vulnerability to kainic acid-induced injury. (4/101)

Screening of deletions in SMN, NAIP and BTF2p44 genes in Turkish spinal muscular atrophy patients. (5/101)

Analysis of the SMN and NAIP genes in slovak spinal muscular atrophy patients. (6/101)

Deletion of SMN and NAIP genes in Korean patients with spinal muscular atrophy. (7/101)

NAIP interacts with hippocalcin and protects neurons against calcium-induced cell death through caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways. (8/101)

Neuronal Apoptosis-Inhibitory Protein

Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood

Muscular Atrophy, Spinal

SMN Complex Proteins

Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Gene Deletion

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Apoptosis

Neurons

CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein

Caspase 3

Caspases

Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins

Attenuation of ischemia-induced cellular and behavioral deficits by X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein overexpression in the rat hippocampus. (1/101)

Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy type I (Werdnig- hoffmann) by DNA deletion analysis of cultivated amniocytes. (2/101)

The neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) is expressed in macrophages and is modulated after phagocytosis and during intracellular infection with Legionella pneumophila. (3/101)

The hippocampal neurons of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 (NAIP1)-deleted mice display increased vulnerability to kainic acid-induced injury. (4/101)

Screening of deletions in SMN, NAIP and BTF2p44 genes in Turkish spinal muscular atrophy patients. (5/101)

Analysis of the SMN and NAIP genes in slovak spinal muscular atrophy patients. (6/101)

Deletion of SMN and NAIP genes in Korean patients with spinal muscular atrophy. (7/101)

NAIP interacts with hippocalcin and protects neurons against calcium-induced cell death through caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways. (8/101)

NAIP (gene)

Diablo homolog

XIAP

Caspase-9

Nerve tissue protein

Endogenous retrovirus

Hippocalcin

List of MeSH codes (D12.644)

Ted M. Dawson

NDR kinase

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor

SEMA3B

Excitatory synapse

List of MeSH codes (D12.776.476)

Soma (biology)

MAP3K12

14-Hydroxygelsenicine

DSCR1

KCNB1

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone

Protein kinase R

PAK2

Repulsive guidance molecule A

Valina L. Dawson

Autism spectrum

Programmed cell death

HIPK2

ID4

Rho family of GTPases

Semaphorin-3A

LINGO1

Human Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) ELISA Kit - Abbkine - Antibodies, proteins, biochemicals, assay kits for...

NAIP (gene) - Wikipedia

Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

JCI - Parvalbumin interneuron loss mediates repeated anesthesia-induced memory deficits in mice

Kugelberg Welander Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

SMART: BIR domain annotation

DeCS

Human Viperin(Virus Inhibitory Protein) ELISA Kit - Orbital Biosciences online

NAIP Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody - Western Blot Antibodies - Bioworld Consulting Laboratories, LLC.

Neurol India: Table of Contents

Hippocalcin | Profiles RNS

Buffy

Changes in expression levels of Nod-like receptors in the spleen of ewes

Myelin Proteins | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst

Frontiers | Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and Treatments

Axon-soma communication in neuronal injury | Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Regulatory mechanisms of the anti-apoptotic NAIP gene during cellular stress and malignancy - Health Research BC

MeSH Browser

Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS

p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), FITC, Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Oxidative Stress-induced Neuronal Apoptosis through Myosin IIA-actin Related Cytoskeletal...

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The neuronal calcium sensor proteins GCAPs (guanylate cyclase activating proteins) switch - Apoptosis in amphibian organs

Neurogenic Disorders | Musculoskeletal Key