The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.
An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.
A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart.
Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.

Ringo, Doty, Demeter and Simard, Cerebral Cortex 1994;4:331-343: a proof of the need for the spatial clustering of interneuronal connections to enhance cortical computation. (1/3268)

It has been argued that an important principle driving the organization of the cerebral cortex towards local processing has been the need to decrease time lost to interneuronal conduction delay. In this paper, I show for a simplified model of the cerebral cortex, using analytical means, that if interneuronal conduction time increases proportional to interneuronal distance, then the only way to increase the numbers of synaptic events occurring in a fixed finite time period is to spatially cluster interneuronal connections.  (+info)

Spinal cord-evoked potentials and muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 awake human subjects. (2/3268)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TCMS) causes leg muscle contractions, but the neural structures in the brain that are activated by TCMS and their relationship to these leg muscle responses are not clearly understood. To elucidate this, we concomitantly recorded leg muscle responses and thoracic spinal cord-evoked potentials (SCEPs) after TCMS for the first time in 10 awake, neurologically intact human subjects. In this report we provide evidence of direct and indirect activation of corticospinal neurons after TCMS. In three subjects, SCEP threshold (T) stimulus intensities recruited both the D wave (direct activation of corticospinal neurons) and the first I wave (I1, indirect activation of corticospinal neurons). In one subject, the D, I1, and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously, and in another subject, the I1 and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously. In the remaining five subjects, only the I1 wave was recruited first. More waves were recruited as the stimulus intensity increased. The presence of D and I waves in all subjects at low stimulus intensities verified that TCMS directly and indirectly activated corticospinal neurons supplying the lower extremities. Leg muscle responses were usually contingent on the SCEP containing at least four waves (D, I1, I2, and I3).  (+info)

Multiple point electrical stimulation of ulnar and median nerves. (3/3268)

A computer-assisted method of isolating single motor units (MUs) by multiple point stimulation (MPS) of peripheral nerves is described. MPS was used to isolate 10-30 single MUs from thenar and hypothenar muscles of normal subjects and patients with entrapment neuropathies, with the original purpose of obtaining a more representative mean motor unit potential for estimating the number of MUs in a muscle. The two important results that evolved from MPS however, were: (1) in the absence of 'alternation' MUs were recruited in an orderly pattern from small to large, and from longer to shorter latencies by graded electrical stimulation in both normal and pathological cases, (2) a comparison of the sizes of MUs recruited by stimulation proximal and distal to the elbow suggested that axonal branching can occur in the forearm 200 mm or more proximal to the motor point in intrinsic hand muscles.  (+info)

Acute conduction velocity changes in guinea-pigs after administration of diphenylhydantoin. (4/3268)

Motor nerve conduction velocity was measured after dosing guinea-pigs with 200-400 mumol/kg diphenylhydantoin (DPH) daily for three to four days. Conduction velocity fell by a mean value of 13% in animals that achieved plasma DPH levels over 200 mumol/l. There was no change in velocity with DPH levels below this value.  (+info)

Electrophysiological evidence for tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in slowly conducting dural sensory fibers. (5/3268)

A tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel was recently identified that is expressed only in small diameter neurons of peripheral sensory ganglia. The peripheral axons of sensory neurons appear to lack this channel, but its presence has not been investigated in peripheral nerve endings, the site of sensory transduction in vivo. We investigated the effect of TTX on mechanoresponsiveness in nerve endings of sensory neurons that innervate the intracranial dura. Because the degree of TTX resistance of axonal branches could potentially be affected by factors other than channel subtype, the neurons were also tested for sensitivity to lidocaine, which blocks both TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant sodium channels. Single-unit activity was recorded from dural afferent neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of urethan-anesthetized rats. Response thresholds to mechanical stimulation of the dura were determined with von Frey monofilaments while exposing the dura to progressively increasing concentrations of TTX or lidocaine. Neurons with slowly conducting axons were relatively resistant to TTX. Application of 1 microM TTX produced complete suppression of mechanoresponsiveness in all (11/11) fast A-delta units [conduction velocity (c.v.) 5-18 m/s] but only 50% (5/10) of slow A-delta units (1.5 +info)

Diaphragm electromyogram measured with unilateral magnetic stimulation. (6/3268)

The purpose of this study was to establish the phrenic nerve conduction time (PNCT) for magnetic stimulation and further assess the relatively new technique of anterior unilateral magnetic stimulation (UMS) of the phrenic nerves in evaluating the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG). An oesophageal electrode was used to record the diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP) elicited by supramaximal percutaneous electrical phrenic nerve stimulation (ES) and UMS from eight normal subjects. The oesophageal electrode used for recording the CMAP was positioned at the level of the hiatus and 3 cm below. The diaphragm CMAP was also recorded from chest wall surface electrodes in five subjects. All of the phrenic nerves could be maximally stimulated with UMS. A clear plateau of the amplitude of the CMAP was achieved for the right and left phrenic nerves. The mean amplitudes of the CMAP recorded from the oesophageal electrode were, for the right side, 0.74+/-0.29 mV (mean+SD) for ES and 0.76+/-0.30 mV for UMS with maximal power output, and for the left side 0.88+/-0.33 mV for ES and 0.80+/-0.24 mV for UMS. PNCT measured by the oesophageal electrode with ES and UMS with maximal output were, for the right side, 7.0+/-0.8 ms and 6.9+/-0.8 ms, respectively, and for the left side 7.8+/-1.2 ms and 7.7+/-1.3 ms, respectively. However, the CMAP recorded from chest wall surface electrodes with UMS was unsuitable for the measurement of PNCT. The results suggest that unilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves combined with an oesophageal electrode can be used to assess diaphragmatic electrical activity and measure the phrenic nerve conduction time.  (+info)

Activity-dependent slowing of conduction differentiates functional subtypes of C fibres innervating human skin. (7/3268)

1. The effects of impulse activity on conduction in cutaneous C fibres have been examined in 46 microneurographic recordings from 11 normal subjects and 11 diabetic patients with normal nerve conduction. A tungsten microelectrode was inserted into a cutaneous nerve, usually the superficial peroneal close to the ankle, and intraneural microstimulation was used to identify an area of skin innervated. Three minute trains of 0.25 ms stimuli at 1, 2 and 4 Hz were then delivered to the surface of the skin, separated by intervals of 6 min with stimulation at 0.25 Hz. Slowing and block of conduction were measured from the nerve responses for up to seven C units per stimulation sequence. 2. Three types of C unit were distinguished by their responses to repetitive stimulation: type 1 units slowed progressively during the 3 min trains; slowing of type 2 units reached a plateau within 1 min; while type 3 units hardly slowed at all. Data from normal and diabetic subjects did not differ and were pooled. After 3 min at 2 Hz, the percentage increases in latency were for type 1, 28.3 +/- 9.7 (n = 63 units, mean +/- s.d.); for type 2, 5.2 +/- 1.6 (n = 14); and for type 3, 0.8 +/- 0.5 (n = 5), with no overlap. After 3 min at 4 Hz, 58 % of type 1 units (but no type 2 or 3 units) blocked intermittently. Recovery of latency after stimulation was faster for type 2 than for type 1 units, but conduction velocities of the three types were similar. 3. Type 1 units were identified as nociceptors and 7 type 2 units were identified as 'cold' fibres, activated by non-noxious cold, with no overlap in modality. None of the units tested was activated by weak mechanical stimuli or reflex sympathetic activation. 4. Spike waveforms were averaged for 18 type 1, 10 type 2 and 6 type 3 units. All units had predominantly triphasic action potentials with a major negative peak, but those of type 3 units were on average both smaller and briefer than those of type 1 and type 2 units. 5. It is concluded that repetitive electrical stimulation reliably differentiates nociceptive from cold-specific C fibres innervating human hairy skin, as has previously been shown for the rat. Cold fibres can propagate impulses continuously at much higher rates than nociceptive fibres. The nature of the type 3 units is unclear.  (+info)

Thapsigargin inhibits a potassium conductance and stimulates calcium influx in the intact rat lens. (8/3268)

1. An increase in lens cell calcium has long been associated with cortical cataract. Recently, it has been shown that thapsigargin induces a rise in lens cell calcium by release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. The effects of this rise on the optical and membrane characteristics of the lens were studied in the isolated rat lens. 2. The electrical characteristics of the isolated, perifused rat lens were measured using a two-internal microelectrode technique that permits measurement of plasma membrane conductance (Gm), membrane potential (Vm) and junctional conductance in the intact lens. 3. Thapsigargin (1 microM) induced a rapid overall depolarization of Vm that was accompanied by first a decrease and then an increase in Gm. 4. Replacing external Na+ with tetraethylammonium (TEA) abolished the decrease in Gm. However, a transient increase phase was still observed. 5. The changes in conductance were further characterized by measuring 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ influxes into the isolated lens. Thapsigargin (1 microM) induced a transient increase in 45Ca2+, but did not affect Na+ influx. 6. The Ca2+ channel blocker La3+ (10 microM) totally inhibited the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ influx. It also blocked the increase in Gm observed in control and in Na+-free-TEA medium. In the absence of external calcium, thapsigargin induced a small depolarization in Vm. 7. These data indicate that thapsigargin induces both a decrease in K+ conductance and an increase in Ca2+ conductance. These probably result from release of stored Ca2+ and subsequent activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels (capacitative Ca2+ entry). 8. Thapsigargin application over the time course of these experiments (24 h) had no effect on junctional conductance or on the transparency of the lens.  (+info)

Neural conduction is the process by which electrical signals, known as action potentials, are transmitted along the axon of a neuron (nerve cell) to transmit information between different parts of the nervous system. This electrical impulse is generated by the movement of ions across the neuronal membrane, and it propagates down the length of the axon until it reaches the synapse, where it can then stimulate the release of neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons or target cells. The speed of neural conduction can vary depending on factors such as the diameter of the axon, the presence of myelin sheaths (which act as insulation and allow for faster conduction), and the temperature of the environment.

The heart conduction system is a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses to coordinate the contraction of the heart chambers. The main components of the heart conduction system include:

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node: Also known as the sinus node, it is located in the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava and functions as the primary pacemaker of the heart. It sets the heart rate by generating electrical impulses at regular intervals.
2. Atrioventricular (AV) node: Located in the interatrial septum, near the opening of the coronary sinus, it serves as a relay station for electrical signals between the atria and ventricles. The AV node delays the transmission of impulses to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles.
3. Bundle of His: A bundle of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conducts electrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricles. It divides into two main branches, the right and left bundle branches, which further divide into smaller Purkinje fibers.
4. Right and left bundle branches: These are extensions of the Bundle of His that transmit electrical impulses to the respective right and left ventricular myocardium. They consist of specialized conducting tissue with large diameters and minimal resistance, allowing for rapid conduction of electrical signals.
5. Purkinje fibers: Fine, branching fibers that arise from the bundle branches and spread throughout the ventricular myocardium. They are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses to the working cardiac muscle cells, triggering coordinated ventricular contraction.

In summary, the heart conduction system is a complex network of specialized muscle cells responsible for generating and conducting electrical signals that coordinate the contraction of the atria and ventricles, ensuring efficient blood flow throughout the body.

The atrioventricular (AV) node is a critical part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. It is a small cluster of specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the lower interatrial septum, near the opening of the coronary sinus. The AV node receives electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node (the heart's natural pacemaker) via the internodal pathways and delays their transmission for a brief period before transmitting them to the bundle of His and then to the ventricles. This delay allows the atria to contract and empty their contents into the ventricles before the ventricles themselves contract, ensuring efficient pumping of blood throughout the body.

The AV node plays an essential role in maintaining a normal heart rhythm, as it can also function as a backup pacemaker if the sinoatrial node fails to generate impulses. However, certain heart conditions or medications can affect the AV node's function and lead to abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrioventricular block or atrial tachycardia.

Heart block is a cardiac condition characterized by the interruption of electrical impulse transmission from the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) to the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). This disruption can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, including bradycardia (a slower-than-normal heart rate), and in severe cases, can cause the heart to stop beating altogether. Heart block is typically caused by damage to the heart's electrical conduction system due to various factors such as aging, heart disease, or certain medications.

There are three types of heart block: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (also known as complete heart block). Each type has distinct electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and symptoms. Treatment for heart block depends on the severity of the condition and may include monitoring, medication, or implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart's electrical activity.

... and speed of neural conduction. Various instruments have been employed to measure these things. Brain ERPs allow for the " ... Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been studied, giving varying results. Some have hypothesized that "higher intelligence is ... associated with better 'neural efficiency.'" A few studies suggested an association between nerve conduction velocity and ... Knowing how parts of the brain are utilized may reveal more information about the structure and hierarchy used in neural ...
It is the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway. Conduction velocities are affected by a ... Nerve conduction velocity is an important aspect of nerve conduction studies. ... To perform nerve conduction velocity, surface electrodes are placed onto the skin over nerves at various locations. Each patch ... On one hand, certain preoperative information about the overall state of an injured nerve (state of the neural and perineural ...
The other one is the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system. The two pathways seem to have parallel neural circuits, and ... The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a neural pathway containing fibers from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid ...
Hodgkin, A. L.; Huxley, A. F. (1952). "A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and ... Neural accommodation or neuronal accommodation occurs when a neuron or muscle cell is depolarised by slowly rising current ( ... Direct link to Hodgkin-Huxley paper #5 via PubMedCentral Neural Impulses: The Action Potential In Action by Garrett Neske, The ... "A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve". The Journal of ...
In neuroscience, nerve conduction velocity (CV) is the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural ... low temperatures slow nerve conduction velocity and higher temperatures increase conduction velocity). Conduction velocities in ... However, conduction velocity of the Sural nerve is not associated with age. In general, conduction velocities in the upper ... Nerve conduction latencies are typically on the order of milliseconds. Although conduction velocity itself is not directly ...
Neural tissues depend on this process for energy, and disruption of the cycle would impair cell growth and function. Schwann ... The slowed conduction of action potentials in axons causes segmental demyelination extending proximally; this is also known as ... Thus, neural deterioration occurs in an accelerating cycle: myelin damage reduces conductance, and reduced conductance ... Thiamine deficiency alone could explain the impaired nerve conduction in those with alcoholic polyneuropathy, but other factors ...
They can only function in collaboration with other neurons and interneurons in a neural circuit. There are an estimated 100 ... Neurons are polarised cells that are specialised for the conduction of action potentials also called nerve impulses. They can ... Perea, G; Araque, A (January 2005). "Synaptic regulation of the astrocyte calcium signal". Journal of Neural Transmission. 112 ... in neural circuits and larger brain networks. The two main neuronal classes in the cerebral cortex are excitatory projection ...
The loss of the myelin insulation either disrupts or prevents neural conduction along the nerve cell's axon. The brain and the ... This insulation helps the axon of a nerve cell with the conduction and speed of the signal along the axon. The pathogenesis of ... Transverse myelitis Neuromyelitis optica Since the neural impulse is inhibited in this condition it may lead to paresthesia, ...
The fastest recorded conduction speed of 210 m/s, is found in the ensheathed axons of some pelagic Penaeid shrimps and the ... Examples of CAMs specific to neural systems include N-CAM, TAG-1 - an axonal glycoprotein - and MAG, all of which are part of ... In saltatory conduction, electrical currents produced at each node of Ranvier are conducted with little attenuation to the next ... The myelinated axons from the cortical neurons form the bulk of the neural tissue called white matter in the brain. The myelin ...
Spiking neural networks with axonal conduction delays exhibit polychronization, and hence could have a very large memory ... An optical neural network is a physical implementation of an artificial neural network with optical components. Dynamic neural ... A probabilistic neural network (PNN) is a four-layer feedforward neural network. The layers are Input, hidden pattern/summation ... Differentiable neural computers (DNC) are an NTM extension. They out-performed Neural turing machines, long short-term memory ...
A microfabricated nerve-on-a-chip platform for rapid assessment of neural conduction in explanted peripheral nerve fibers. Nat ... "A microfabricated nerve-on-a-chip platform for rapid assessment of neural conduction in explanted peripheral nerve fibers". ... "A microfabricated nerve-on-a-chip platform for rapid assessment of neural conduction in explanted peripheral nerve fibers". ... IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, special issue on Neural interfaces to the Peripheral ...
Most conduction pathways originate from the cardiogenic mesoderm but the sinus node may be derived from the neural crest. The ... The central part of cardiogenic area is in front of the oropharyngeal membrane and the neural plate. The growth of the brain ... The heartbeat is initiated in the pacemaker regions and spreads to the rest of the heart through a conduction pathway. ... In the splanchnopleuric mesenchyme on either side of the neural plate, a horseshoe-shaped area develops as the cardiogenic ...
When sulfatide is not distributed properly, it can affect the normal physiological conduction of electrical impulses between ... Aside from being a membrane component, sulfatide functions in protein trafficking, cell aggregation and adhesion, neural ... However, how sulfatide buildup causes demyelination and neural degeneration is still mostly unknown. Metachromatic ...
Sensory neurons coupled to scolopidia are also of larger diameter, increasing conduction rate. In some moths, honeybees, and ... due to the physical mechanism of activating a neural impulse. ...
The cause of neurapraxia is a neural lesion which causes a temporary block of nerve conduction without transection of the axon ... A conduction block is classified as a 40% reduction in action potential amplitude over a short distance on the nerve, or a 50% ... potential conduction block over a segment of a nerve fiber and thus a reduction or loss of function in parts of the neural ... As a result of this pressure, ischemia occurs, a neural lesion results, and the human body naturally responds with edema ...
Sasaki, T., Matsuki, N., Ikegaya, Y. 2011 Action-potential modulation during axonal conduction. Science 331 (6017), pp. 599-601 ... v t e (Orphaned articles from July 2021, All orphaned articles, Neural coding, Electrophysiology, Computational neuroscience, ...
... blocking both initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Depolarization and repolarization of excitable neural membranes is ...
Biological neuron models GHK current equation Models of neural computation Saltatory conduction Bioelectronics Cable theory ... Exploring Realistic Neural Models with the GEneral NEural SImulation System. New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 29-49. Armstrong CM ... Both types of models may be used to understand the behavior of small biological neural networks, such as the central pattern ... Getting PA (1989). "Reconstruction of Small Neural Networks". In C Koch and I Segev (ed.). Methods in Neuronal Modeling: From ...
The opposite direction of neural activity is afferent conduction, which carries impulses by way of the afferent nerve fibers of ...
This conduction velocity ranges from 1 m/s to over 100 m/s, and generally increases with the diameter of the neuronal process. ... Cognitive architecture Cognitive map Computational neuroscience Motion perception Neural coding Neural correlate Neural ... and the simple neurons often used in Artificial neural networks. Linearity may occur in the basic elements of a neural circuit ... "The Complex Behaviour of a Simple Neural Oscillator Model in the Human Cortex". IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and ...
... test shows slight neural damage at the biceps and the brachialis muscles with slower motor and sensory conduction over the ...
... which increases the signal conduction. In one paper, polypyrrole (PPy) was doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) to ... 2010). "Seeding neural progenitor cells on silicon-based neural probes". Journal of Neurosurgery. 113 (3): 673-681. doi:10.3171 ... 2011). "PEDOT polymer coatings facilitate smaller neural recording electrodes". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (1): 014001. ... "Surface immobilization of neural adhesion molecule L1 for improving the biocompatibility of chronic neural probes: In vitro ...
... restoring some lost neural signal conduction. Another way progesterone aids in regeneration includes increasing the circulation ... January 2012). "Progesterone increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and induces neural regeneration after traumatic ...
In 2006 Sony patented a neural interface system allowing radio waves to affect signals in the neural cortex. In 2007 NeuroSky ... Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (August 1952). "A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and ... Researchers have built devices to interface with neural cells and entire neural networks in cultures outside animals. As well ... Neural dust is a term used to refer to millimeter-sized devices operated as wirelessly powered nerve sensors that were proposed ...
Rinne test, which tests air conduction vs. bone conduction is positive, because both bone and air conduction are reduced ... Neural, or "retrocochlear", hearing loss occurs because of damage to the cochlear nerve (CVIII). This damage may affect the ... I.e. where the neural tuning curve would normally be most sensitive (at the 'tip') (See Figure 5). Where both the OHCs and the ... PTCs are similar to neural tuning curves. They illustrate the level of a masker (dB SPL) tone at threshold, as a function of ...
Desmedt JE, Cheron G (1980). "Central somatosensory conduction in man: Neural generators and interpeak latencies of the far- ... The NI is the neural structure responsible of the gaze holding. This discovery demonstrated for the first time the biological ... In 1986, he has discovered, together with E. Godaux, the localization of the oculomotor neural integrator (NI) in the nucleus ... Cheron, G.; Godaux, E. (1 December 1987). "Disabling of the oculomotor neural integrator by kainic acid injections in the ...
Biophysical models are used extensively in the study of electrical conduction in single neurons, as well as neural circuit ... Neuroscience - studying neural networks experimentally (brain slicing) as well as theoretically (computer models), membrane ... Computer science - Neural networks, biomolecular and drug databases. Computational chemistry - molecular dynamics simulation, ...
It is easily absorbed into the neural tissue and inhibits the enzyme with minimum side effects. It has been demonstrated in ... motor nerve conduction velocity, thresholds of vibratory sensation and autonomic nerve function as compared to a placebo. These ... experiments that there is an improvement in sorbitol levels and Na+/K+ ATPase activity leading to improved nerve conduction ...
The era of modern neurology developed from Duchenne's understanding of neural pathways and his diagnostic innovations including ... deep tissue biopsy, nerve conduction tests (NCS), and clinical photography. This extraordinary range of activities (mostly in ...
Stimulating the MLR produces postsynaptic potentials (PSP) in motoneurons with an average conduction velocity of 88 m/s, which ... In most cases, the specific neural structure for this type of feedback is not yet known. However, touch feedback of CPGs have ... There exist neural substrates that control bilateral limb coordination, particularly in the lumbar spinal circuits controlling ... Certain areas of the brain initiate the descending neural pathways that ultimately control and modulate the CPG signals. In ...
... to study brainstem neural conduction and maturation in fetal growth restriction (FGR) babies born very prematurely and assess ... The altered brainstem neural maturation is different from previously reported mildly delayed maturation in FGR babies born less ... FGR babies born very prematurely are associated with accelerated or precocial neural maturation at caudal brainstem regions, ... the effect of FGR on brainstem neural maturation. MLS BAER was recorded and analyzed at a mean 40 week postmenstrual age in ...
Fast Fitting of the Dynamic Memdiode Model to the Conduction Characteristics of RRAM Devices Using Convolutional Neural ... Fast Fitting of the Dynamic Memdiode Model to the Conduction Characteristics of RRAM Devices Using Convolutional Neural ... Fast Fitting of the Dynamic Memdiode Model to the Conduction Characteristics of RRAM Devices Using Convolutional Neural ... In this paper, the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the form of Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNET) for the fast ...
Nervous System Physiological Phenomena - Neural Conduction PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * Activation ... Neural control of shortening and lengthening contractions: influence of task constraints Journal Article ... MEASUREMENT OF AXONAL CONDUCTION-VELOCITY IN SINGLE MAMMALIAN MOTOR AXONS Journal Article ... Response of traveling waves to transient inputs in neural fields Journal Article ...
... DOI Sequential activation of neurons has been ... We gauge the impact of several delay sources, and we find the primary contributor to be slow conduction through axonal ... Thus, local axonal "delay lines" can play an important role in determining the dynamical repertoire of neural circuits ...
Fourteen patients presented prolonged conduction block (CB) related to hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies ... Neuropathies with prolonged conduction block, single and grouped fasciculations, localized limb myokymia Electroencephalogr ... Fourteen patients presented prolonged conduction block (CB) related to hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies ...
Neural Conduction / physiology * Neurons, Afferent / physiology * Nociceptors / physiology* * Pain / etiology* * Pain / ...
6. Summary • Previous research on Hypocrexin (HCRT) and Locus Coeruleus (LC) • Modeling neural populations with conduction ...
cardiac conduction defects. *sensory-neural hearing loss. Myoneurogenic gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) * ...
... and speed of neural conduction. Various instruments have been employed to measure these things. Brain ERPs allow for the " ... Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been studied, giving varying results. Some have hypothesized that "higher intelligence is ... associated with better neural efficiency." A few studies suggested an association between nerve conduction velocity and ... Knowing how parts of the brain are utilized may reveal more information about the structure and hierarchy used in neural ...
Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is a test to see how fast electrical signals move through a nerve. This test is done along with ... Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is a test to see how fast electrical signals move through a nerve. This test is done along with ... Nuwer MR, Pouratian N. Monitoring of neural function: electromyography, nerve conduction, and evoked potentials. In: Winn HR, ... Often, the nerve conduction test is followed by EMG. In this test, a needle is placed into a muscle and you are told to ...
ABRs may be used to detect auditory neuropathy or neural conduction disorders in newborns. Because ABRs are reflective of ...
Psychometric tests, nerve conduction studies and pCASL neuroimaging assessment were performed. The results showed that the ... Neural plasticity secondary to carpal tunnel syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study.. ... Neural plasticity secondary to carpal tunnel syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study. ... Neural plasticity secondary to carpal tunnel syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study. ...
EMG and nerve conduction were consistent with atrophy and slow neural transmission. On physical exam he had essentially no ... His diagnostic evaluation was extensive, including MRI, EMG, nerve conduction studies, and blood tests. These tests were all ...
Ectopic impulse conduction describes the spontaneous development of neural impulses in the compression area. By contrast, the ... The ephaptic impulse conduction is characterized by a pathological transfer of impulses between neighboring nerve fibers (10 12 ...
In patients with CMT, cochlear implantation may reconstitute synchronous neural activity by way of supraphysiological ... Neural conduction abnormalities in the auditory pathway lead to the auditory deficits seen in individuals with CMT. While the ... J. Goswamy, I. A. Bruce, K. M. Green, and M. P. ODriscoll, "Cochlear implantation in a patient with sensori-neural deafness ... In patients with CMT, cochlear implantation may reconstitute synchronous neural activity by way of supraphysiological ...
Integrated use of volume conduction and neural models to simulate the response to cochlear implants. 75-97. ... 3D mesh generation to solve the electrical volume conduction problem in the implanted inner ear. 57-73. ...
The conduction system includes several components. The first part of the conduction system is the sinoatrial (SA) node, located ... Without any neural stimulation, the sinoatrial node rhythmically initiates electrical impulses 70 to 80 times per minute. ... Conduction system. An effective cycle for productive pumping of blood requires that the heart be synchronized accurately. Both ... Specialized cardiac muscle cells that make up the conduction system of the heart coordinate contraction of the chambers. ...
The remaining delay can be accounted for by the axonal conduction of the graft axons entering the DCN. In addition, a number of ... 1999) Lineage-restricted neural precursors can be isolated from both the mouse neural tube and cultured ES cells. Dev Biol 214: ... 2006) in Textbook of neural rehabilitation and repair, Cellular replacement in spinal cord injury, eds Selzer M, Clarke S, ... 2005) Human neural stem cells differentiate and promote locomotor recovery in spinal cord-injured mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S ...
There is no delay in neural conduction in the brain's visual pathway. (Your results are compared with baseline norms for ...
... all GR to L5 inputs had an additional fixed 5 ms conduction delay). The mean input timings in this sequence were chosen to be ... 2006) Neural correlate of subjective sensory experience gradually builds up across cortical areas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: ... 1998) Neural activity in SII modifies sensory evoked potentials in SI in awake rats. NeuroReport 9:3379-3382. ... 1991) The neural basis of the behaviorally relevant N1 component of the somatosensory-evoked potential in SI cortex of awake ...
2 The mole is able to make these diet decisions in 8 milliseconds-the speed limit of neural conduction. ...
Proper conduction of neuronal impulses along the myelinated nerves hinges on the structure of myelin. Consequently, its ... Glia, far outnumbering neuron in the brain, is increasingly recognized for the complex roles beyond supporting the neural ...
Myelination of nerves is not complete in infants; therefore, neural excitabilities are lower and nerve conduction velocities ... Lee HJ, DeLisa JA: Manual of Nerve Conduction Study and Surface Anatomy for Needle Electromyography, ed 4. Philadelphia: ... Lee HJ, DeLisa JA: Manual of Nerve Conduction Study and Surface Anatomy for Needle Electromyography, ed 4. Philadelphia: ... Manual of Nerve Conduction Study and Surface Anatomy for Needle Electromyography. , ed 4. . Philadelphia. : Lippincott Williams ...
Author in Medical Image Fusion Based on Modified Parameter- Adaptive Simplified Pulse-Coupled Neural Network ... Author in Design of 1.0T conduction cooled superconducitng magnet for intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging ... Author in Medical Image Fusion Based on Modified Parameter- Adaptive Simplified Pulse-Coupled Neural Network ... Author in Design of 1.0T conduction cooled superconducitng magnet for intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging ...
The neural and endocrine regulation of emotional actions. 116. Van Dongen, E. (2013). Sleeping to remember. On the neural and ... Bone Conduction Devices - Reviewing the past, evaluating the present, considerations for the future ... Dynamic neural representations of human visuomotor space.. 9. Willems, R.M. (2009). Neural reflections of meaning in gesture, ... Low-Level Neural Mechanisms of Vision in Biological and Artificial Neural Networks ...
Demyelination disrupts the conduction of electrical impulses along nerve fibers, and results in regional neural deficits. MS ...
Regulation of contraction including neural control; Energy requirements of muscle; Types of movement: reflex, voluntary, ... action potential generation and conduction; Synaptic structure and function- transmitters and receptors; Structural ...
Cadore, E.L., et al., Muscle conduction velocity, strength, neural activity, and morphological changes after eccentric and ... Barrue-Belou, S., et al., Neural adaptations to submaximal isokinetic eccentric strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2016. ... Hedayatpour, N. and D. Falla, Physiological and Neural Adaptations to Eccentric Exercise: Mechanisms and Considerations for ... Furthermore, due to the increased muscular damage, soreness and neural fatigue associated with eccentric training, it may not ...
Neural models of learning and visual grouping in the presence of finite conduction velocities by: Saam, Mirko Published: (2006 ...
  • Transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) is a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing neurons lost after spinal cord injury, but significant challenges remain regarding neuronal integration and functional connectivity. (jneurosci.org)
  • To make a direct and principled connection between the SI waveform and underlying neural dynamics, we developed a biophysically realistic computational SI model that contained excitatory and inhibitory neurons in supragranular and infragranular layers. (jneurosci.org)
  • This influx initiates a neural-destructive cascade that damages other neurons. (healingtherapies.info)
  • Myelination of central neurons increases conduction velocity of action potentials and provides metabolic support to axons 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Information transmission in neural networks is often described in terms of the rate at which neurons emit action potentials. (frontiersin.org)
  • Spike-timing and heterogenous conduction delays between neurons are crucial properties in this model. (martinpyka.de)
  • Fourteen patients presented prolonged conduction block (CB) related to hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (n = 7), neuropathy with proximal multifocal persistent CB (n = 2), radiation plexopathy (n = 3) and chronic acquired polyneuropathy (n = 2). (nih.gov)
  • Myelination of central nervous system axons increases the conduction speed of neural impulses and contributes to the function and maintenance of neural circuits. (biorxiv.org)
  • The Myelin Sheath: Essential for Rapid Saltatory Conduction The synthesis and maintenance of the myelin sheath is critical for normal neural function because myelination is responsible for the saltatory conduction of action potentials that significantly increases the conduction velocity of electrical signals (Bartzokis, 2004). (bartleby.com)
  • Proper conduction of neuronal impulses along the myelinated nerves hinges on the structure of myelin. (cuny.edu)
  • Demyelination disrupts the conduction of electrical impulses along nerve fibers, and results in regional neural deficits. (cshlpress.com)
  • Sending neural impulses quickly down a long nerve fiber requires insulation with myelin, which is formed by a cell called an oligodendrocyte that wraps itself around a neuron. (stanford.edu)
  • Our Waves™ headphones offer simultaneous air and bone conduction stimulation known to positively affect the brain's neural networks. (advancedbrain.com)
  • Specific chapters are devoted to various muscle and non-muscle cell lineages involved in heart development, including those of the neural crest, endo- and epicardium, fibroblasts, coronary vessels, and cardiac conduction and lymphatic systems. (cshlpress.com)
  • Schematic illustration of the cardiac conduction system. (medscape.com)
  • These findings provide the first evidence for the ability of NPC to form a neuronal relay by extending active axons across the injured spinal cord to the intended target establishing a critical step for neural repair with stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neuronal activity also causes an increase in the thickness of the myelin sheaths within the active neural circuit, making signal transmission along the neural fiber more efficient. (stanford.edu)
  • Neuronal conduction depends upon the right balance of calcium ions between the cell inside and outside. (healingtherapies.info)
  • Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is a test to see how fast electrical signals move through a nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The conduction velocity of propagation is important because it controls the flow of information necessary for vital cognitive functions. (bartleby.com)
  • With continued performance or the HRLF task for 3 months, significant declines in median nerve conduction velocity was present bilaterally in aged rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, myelination is critical for the normal patterns of neural circuits' activation and synchronization, and for normal physiological, cognitive and behavioral performance. (biorxiv.org)
  • As a result, better synchronization of the neural excitation can be obtained so that higher response amplitudes can be expected. (interacoustics.com)
  • In this paper, the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the form of Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNET) for the fast and energy-efficient fitting of the Dynamic Memdiode Model (DMM) to the conduction characteristics of bipolar-type resistive switching (RS) devices is investigated. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • However, conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and machine learning algorithms cannot take advantage of this coding strategy, due to their rate-based representation of signals. (frontiersin.org)
  • In patients with CMT, cochlear implantation may reconstitute synchronous neural activity by way of supraphysiological electrical stimulation. (hindawi.com)
  • Simulations also demonstrated that β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in this specific region reduced the formation of conduction block and the probability of premature ventricular activation propagation. (frontiersin.org)
  • While high levels of overall cardiac sympathetic drive are a negative prognostic indicator of mortality following MI and during heart failure, β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in the infarct border zone reduced spatially heterogeneous alternans, and prevented conduction block and propagation of extrasystoles. (frontiersin.org)
  • The primary objective of this project is to unravel the interplay between the neurobiological signaling, nerve conduction and the spatio-temporal thermal gradient induced by infrared neural stimulation. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Thus, learning-activated, circuit-specific changes to myelination may fundamentally alter how information is transferred in neural circuits during learning. (biorxiv.org)
  • Neural plasticity secondary to carpal tunnel syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Now, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have demonstrated that brain plasticity also comes from another mechanism: activity-dependent changes in the cells that insulate neural fibers and make them more efficient. (stanford.edu)
  • The findings illustrate a form of neural plasticity based in myelin, and future work on the molecular mechanisms responsible may ultimately shed light on a broad range of neurological and psychiatric diseases," said Monje, senior author of the paper. (stanford.edu)
  • Stoerig, 2006 ), and previous reports conflict as to the presence of neural correlates of tactile detection in primate primary somatosensory cortex (SI). (jneurosci.org)
  • We examined cortical correlates of somatosensory perception in human SI by combining MEG and computational neural modeling. (jneurosci.org)
  • To provide a framework for understanding the MEG signal and SI neural correlates of perception, we developed a realistic laminar network model. (jneurosci.org)
  • Even in the case of artificial Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), identifying applications where temporal coding outperforms the rate coding strategies of ANNs is still an open challenge. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aim I: To determine the extent to which exposure to two task regimens, high repetition-low force (HRLF) and low repetition-low force (LRLF) causes tissue injury, inflammation, fibrosis and degeneration in musculoskeletal and neural tissues of the upper extremity in aged rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Aim of the Work: To evaluate the efficacy of Neural Prolotherapy and Platelet Rich Plasma in treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: Neural Prolotherapy and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) have improved all measured parameters like visual analogue scale (VAS), nerve conduction studies and neuromuscular ultrasonography parameters in carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We gauge the impact of several delay sources, and we find the primary contributor to be slow conduction through axonal collaterals within HVC, which typically adds between 1 and 7.5 ms for each link within the sequence. (diagnosticbiochips.com)
  • Most insights into the impact of myelin on the function of neural circuits have been obtained by analyzing the consequences of complete demyelination. (biorxiv.org)
  • Integrated use of volume conduction and neural models to simulate the response to cochlear implants. (uni-trier.de)
  • It also may provide interesting information regarding the pathways of neural signals as they navigate the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even small changes in the structure of this insulating sheath, such as changes in its thickness, can dramatically affect the speed of neural-impulse conduction. (stanford.edu)
  • EMG and nerve conduction were consistent with atrophy and slow neural transmission. (ispub.com)
  • This is exacerbated by changes in the expression of membrane ion channels and under-expression and reorganization of gap junctions ( Luke and Saffitz, 1991 ) in the infarct border zone also slowing conduction ( Tse, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) to study brainstem neural conduction and maturation in fetal growth restriction (FGR) babies born very prematurely and assess the effect of FGR on brainstem neural maturation. (nature.com)
  • Modern techniques have evolved to focus on a few biological characteristics: Brain ERPs, brain size, and speed of neural conduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • FGR babies born very prematurely are associated with accelerated or precocial neural maturation at caudal brainstem regions, but moderately delayed maturation at rostral brainstem regions. (nature.com)
  • The altered brainstem neural maturation is different from previously reported mildly delayed maturation in FGR babies born less prematurely, and may have important implication for neurodevelopmental outcome. (nature.com)
  • This first MLS BAER study in FGR found that brainstem neural maturation in very premature FGR babies differed from age-matched non-FGR babies. (nature.com)
  • The altered maturation is different from previously reported mild delay in brainstem neural maturation in FGR babies born less prematurely. (nature.com)
  • FGR exerts a major and differential effect on brainstem neural maturation in babies born very prematurely. (nature.com)
  • Computational modeling suggests these changes initially slow and subsequently increase conduction speed. (biorxiv.org)
  • Summary `lack of experience', and this ability increases the The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility for neural networks to be accepted as feasibility of developing arti®cial neural networks reliable decision support systems in clinical practice. (lu.se)
  • Over the past 5 years a si®ed as anterior myocardial infarction by the third method, arti®cial neural networks, has been network. (lu.se)
  • Recently, neural networks were infarction and normal ECGs, but also to ®nd all types implemented in computerized electrocardiographs of ECG patterns that were not represented in the for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. (lu.se)
  • Nuwer MR, Pouratian N. Monitoring of neural function: electromyography, nerve conduction, and evoked potentials. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, much less is known about how subtle changes in myelin alter neural circuit function. (biorxiv.org)
  • 3D mesh generation to solve the electrical volume conduction problem in the implanted inner ear. (uni-trier.de)
  • Being too cold alters nerve conduction and can give false results. (medlineplus.gov)
  • During embryonic development, amorphous cardiac precursor cells are organized into a rhythmically contracting, multi-chambered muscular structure, complete with valves, vessels, and a conduction system. (cshlpress.com)
  • I work on an artificial neural network model of the cortex-hippocampus-loop in the brain. (martinpyka.de)
  • Knowing how parts of the brain are utilized may reveal more information about the structure and hierarchy used in neural development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glia, far outnumbering neuron in the brain, is increasingly recognized for the complex roles beyond supporting the neural network. (cuny.edu)
  • These findings strongly support the view that signatures of tactile detection are present in human SI and are mediated by local neural dynamics induced by lamina-specific synaptic drive. (jneurosci.org)
  • An arti®cial neural network was trained to diagnose present. (lu.se)
  • Often, the nerve conduction test is followed by EMG. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An estimated 300 million ECGs was used to train and test the neural network. (lu.se)