Naphthalene derivatives carrying one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups at any ring position. They are often used in dyes and pigments, as antioxidants for rubber, fats, and oils, as insecticides, in pharmaceuticals, and in numerous other applications.
Hydrolytic enzyme activity used as a histocytochemical test for the presence of esterases in tissue. Substrate used is 3-hydroxy-4'-nitro-2-naphthanilide chloroacetate (naphthol AS-D).
Esterases are hydrolase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds, converting esters into alcohols and acids, playing crucial roles in various biological processes including metabolism and detoxification.
A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.
Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.
A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1.1.6.
A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.
A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of UDPglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. EC 2.4.1.17.
"Chemical Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of plants and machinery for large-scale chemical processing of raw materials into finished or partially finished products and for the disposal or recycling of byproducts."
Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.
Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.
A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304)
A group of TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENES containing a keto oxygen.
Azo compounds are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups, -N=N-, linking two aromatic rings, which can impart various colors and are used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, and chemical research.
A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.
A sulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfation of a phenol in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate as sulfate donor to yield an aryl sulfate and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. A number of aromatic compounds can act as acceptors; however, organic hydroxylamines are not substrates. Sulfate conjugation by this enzyme is a major pathway for the biotransformation of phenolic and catechol drugs as well as neurotransmitters. EC 2.8.2.1.
A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.
Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS.
An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
Nitrophenols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitro group (-NO2) attached to a phenol molecule, known for their potential use in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, but also recognized as environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and potential carcinogenicity.
Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.
Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.
An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.

Expression of cathepsin K messenger RNA in giant cells and their precursors in human osteoarthritic synovial tissues. (1/54)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of cathepsin K messenger RNA (mRNA) in the giant cells found in human osteoarthritic (OA) synovium and associated reparative connective tissues, and to compare this with mRNA expression of cathepsins B, L, and S, which are cysteine proteases known to be highly expressed by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. METHODS: Sections of human OA synovium were processed for in situ hybridization and probed for cathepsins K, B, L, and S. Serial sections were reacted for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity, which are selective markers for the osteoclast and cells of the macrophage/monocyte lineage, respectively. RESULTS: At 3 sites of monocyte infiltration/giant cell formation (granulation tissue, the intimal and subintimal synovial layers, and deep stroma extending to the periphery of osteophytic tissue), both TRAP-positive mono- and multinucleated cells and TRAP-negative, NSE-positive mononuclear precursors were identified. Cells containing both enzyme activities were also found, potentially indicating an intermediate stage of differentiation. The TRAP-positive mononuclear/giant cells, and the occasional NSE-positive precursor, expressed an intense signal for cathepsin K mRNA, but did not express cathepsins B, L, and S. In contrast, the deep zone of phagocytic-like cells adjacent to sites of ossification expressed high levels of mRNA for cathepsins L, B, and S as well as cathepsin K mRNA. CONCLUSION: Giant cells that form within OA synovial tissue express high levels of cathepsin K mRNA. It appears that cathepsin K acts principally to digest the bone (and cartilage) fragments sheered from the joint surface during OA. The high TRAP activity and the undetectable expression of the macrophage-associated degradative proteases (cathepsins B, L, and S) by synovial giant cells strengthens the hypothesis that cathepsin K is the primary protease involved in bone degradation. At sites of synovial osteogenesis, a population of phagocytic-like cells expressed TRAP and cathepsins B, L, S, and K, and may represent blood-derived macrophages pushed toward an osteoclast phenotype.  (+info)

Upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) leads to morphologic changes and esterase activity in TPA-mediated differentiation of human prostate cancer cell line TSU-Pr1. (2/54)

We reported previously that human prostate cancer cell line TSU-Pr1 can differentiate into microglia-like cells by 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment. In this study, we identified a signal transduction pathway involved in TPA-induced TSU-Pr1 cell differentiation and investigated the mechanism of growth arrest that accompanies this differentiation. TPA-induced differentiation and growth arrest of TSU-Pr1 cells were inhibited by treatment with Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor PD98059. Treatment of TSU-Pr1 cells with TPA for 15 min or longer resulted in translocation of PKCalpha, PKCgamma, and PKCepsilon from cytosolic to membrane fraction. Our results suggest that TPA-induced TSU-Pr1 cell differentiation is associated with activation of MAP kinase and PKCalpha, PKCgamma, and PKCepsilon. The mechanism of growth arrest in TSU-Pr1 cells that underwent TPA-induced differentiation were examined for factors in the signaling pathway downstream of MAP kinase that control the cell cycle. Upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein was observed in a manner dependent on PKC or MAP kinase. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of recombinant p21(WAF1/CIP1) in TSU-Pr1 cells result in growth arrest, morphological change to microglia-like cells, and increased alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, all of which are associated with cellular differentiation. Thus, our results indicate that p21(WAF1/CIP1) mediates TPA-induced growth arrest and differentiation of TSU-Pr1 cells.  (+info)

Effect of bilateral testicular resection on thymocyte and its microenvironment in aged mice. (3/54)

AIM: To observe the changes in thymocyte and its microenvironment in aged mice after bilateral testicular resection. METHODS: In male old mice, at the 25th day after testicular resection, the peripheral blood and thymus were collected. Blood and thymus suspension smears were prepared for quantitative histochemistry and immunohistochemistry study under light and electron microscopes. RESULTS: In testes resected mice the size and the weight of thymus were markedly increased. The demarcation between cortex and medulla was clear. The cortex was thickened and the cell density was increased. The ratio of cortex/medulla stereometry was increased. The total cell count, thymocyte count, the percentage of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive thymocytes, nonlymphocytes and the rosette formation of macrophages and thymocytes were all increased. The thymocytes surrounded closely to the light thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells or macrophages. The lymphocytes, particularly the ANAE positive lymphocytes of peripheral blood were increased. CONCLUSION: After bilateral testicular resection, the thymus of aged male mice showed morphological regeneration and the thymocytes and its microenvironment appeared to be definitely improved. It is suggested that testicular resection may improve immune function.  (+info)

Chronologic changes of activities of naphthol AS-D acetate esterase and other nonspecific esterases in the mononuclear phagocytes of tuberculous lesions. (4/54)

Nonspecific esterases of mononuclear phagocytes (MNs) were studied histochemically in the developing and healing tuberculous lesions produced in rabbit skin by bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). Nonspecific esterases were assayed with the following substrates: naphthol AS-D acetate (AS-D), naphthol AS-D chloroacetate (AS-D Chl), naphthol AS acetate (AS) and alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha-N), beta-Galactosidase, a lysosomal enzyme of MNs, was also assayed as a marker of MN activation. The number of MNs hydrolyzing AS-D Chl, AS, and alpha-N increased for 2 to 4 weeks after infection. These chronologic changes were similar to that of beta-galactosidase. In contrast, MNs hydrolyzing AS-D appeared predominantly in the healing lesions five to six weeks after infection. These MNs had the morphologic features of balloon-like cells. They contained few lysosomes and gathered in clumps far from the caseous center. The activity of the AS-D esterase was almost completely inhibited by various trypsin inhibitors, but not by the serine esterase inhibitor of phenylmethylsulfonyl-fluoride. These results suggest that the AS-D esterase is a trypsin-like esterase which participates in the healing of tuberculous lesions.  (+info)

Relative contributions of enzyme cytochemistry and flow cytometric immunophenotyping to the evaluation of acute myeloid leukemias with a monocytic component and of flow cytometric immunophenotyping to the evaluation of absolute monocytoses. (5/54)

We evaluated the contributions of enzyme cytochemical stains and flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) data to detection of monocytic cells (MCs) in acute myelomonocytic and acute monocytic leukemias (AMMLs and AMoLs) and compared FCI findings in AMoL, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and normal peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) monocytes to classify and evaluate absolute monocytoses (AMs). We reviewed 10 AMMLs and 6 AMoLs with a-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) and a-naphthyl-butyrate esterase stains and a complete FCI profile and compared FCI data for 6 AMoLs, 7 CMMLs, 2 AMs, and normal monocytes. We confirmed increased sensitivity of ANAE staining to FCI data in detecting MCs in AMML and AMoL. CD14 was insensitive for confirming MCs; other characteristic markers of MCs were absent or partially lost in AMML and AMoL. Aberrant expression of CD56 (detected in 50% of AMMLs and AMoLs), CD34, and CD117 indicated malignancy. The mature MCs of the CMMLs revealed variable FCI abnormalities (partial loss of CD13, CD14, and CD15; expression of CD56), as in the monoblasts of AMoL. These FCI abnormalities in morphologically mature MCs might indicate markers for CMML. AMs revealed FCI abnormalities, indicating clues to their correct classification as CMML.  (+info)

Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables by an enzyme inhibition method using alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase extracted from wheat flour. (6/54)

 (+info)

Differential identification of mouse granulocyte (CFU-g) and macrophage (CFU-m) precursors in plasma clots. (7/54)

Because benzidine and its derivatives have possible carcinogenic activity, a safe method is needed to demonstrate endogenous peroxidase activity. Colonies derived from mouse bone marrow cells in plasma clot culture were classified as granulocyte (CFU-g) or macrophage (CFU-m) precursors by peroxidase and naphthol AS acetate (NASA) esterase staining, respectively. Endogenous peroxidase activity was measured using benzidine or p-phenylenediazine-pyrocatechol (PPD-PC). The effectiveness of peroxidase staining with both reagents was evaluated under several conditions, and the enzyme property was confirmed by inactivation with a variety of inhibitors. The level of peroxidase activity did not differ significantly between PPD-PC and benzidine. Colony number and number of cultured cells were strongly correlated (P greater than 0.983). We conclude that PPD-PC safely demonstrates peroxidase activity in cultured cells and is as accurate, reliable, and efficient as benzidine.  (+info)

Differentiation, maturation, and proliferation of macrophages in the mouse yolk sac: a light-microscopic, enzyme-cytochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. (8/54)

Primitive macrophages first appear in the blood islands of the mouse yolk sac on the ninth day of gestation. After the tenth day of fetal life, these cells differentiate into fetal macrophages and become mature, with the development of intracellular organelles. They appear in the mesenchymal layer and further immigrate into the extraembryonic coelom. The fetal macrophages do not show any cytochemical peroxidase or 5'-nucleotidase activity, and they possess a marked proliferative capacity. Promonocytes or monocytes that have an incomplete ultrastructure emerge in the blood islands of the yolk sac a day after the occurrence of the fetal macrophages. These events suggest that fetal macrophages differentiate from primitive macrophages before the development of promonocytes or monocytes in the mouse yolk sac; they actively proliferate and are colonized into the embryonic tissues. These results also indicate that the ontogeny of the monocyte/macrophage is different in the early embryo compared with its later developmental stages.  (+info)

Naphthols are chemical compounds that consist of a naphthalene ring (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon made up of two benzene rings) substituted with a hydroxyl group (-OH). They can be classified as primary or secondary naphthols, depending on whether the hydroxyl group is directly attached to the naphthalene ring (primary) or attached through a carbon atom (secondary). Naphthols are important intermediates in the synthesis of various chemical and pharmaceutical products. They have been used in the production of azo dyes, antioxidants, and pharmaceuticals such as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents.

Naphthol AS-D esterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of Naphthol AS-D esters to produce phenol and naphthoic acids. It is commonly found in various tissues, including the liver, kidney, and intestine, and is used as a marker for neutrophil activation in diagnostic tests.

In medical terms, Naphthol AS-D esterase is often referred to as a "non-specific esterase" because it can hydrolyze various types of esters, not just those containing the Naphthol AS-D group. It is also known as "alkaline phosphatase" because it has optimal activity at alkaline pH levels and contains phosphate groups in its active site.

Naphthol AS-D esterase is often used in histological staining techniques to identify and differentiate various types of cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, based on their enzymatic activity. The presence and intensity of the enzyme activity can provide valuable information about the type, location, and severity of inflammation or tissue damage in various pathological conditions.

Esterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in esters, producing alcohols and carboxylic acids. They are widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms and play important roles in various biological processes, such as metabolism, digestion, and detoxification.

Esterases can be classified into several types based on their substrate specificity, including carboxylesterases, cholinesterases, lipases, and phosphatases. These enzymes have different structures and mechanisms of action but all share the ability to hydrolyze esters.

Carboxylesterases are the most abundant and diverse group of esterases, with a wide range of substrate specificity. They play important roles in the metabolism of drugs, xenobiotics, and lipids. Cholinesterases, on the other hand, specifically hydrolyze choline esters, such as acetylcholine, which is an important neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Lipases are a type of esterase that preferentially hydrolyzes triglycerides and plays a crucial role in fat digestion and metabolism. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from various molecules, including esters, and have important functions in signal transduction and other cellular processes.

Esterases can also be used in industrial applications, such as in the production of biodiesel, detergents, and food additives. They are often produced by microbial fermentation or extracted from plants and animals. The use of esterases in biotechnology is an active area of research, with potential applications in biofuel production, bioremediation, and medical diagnostics.

Carbaryl is a carbamate pesticide that is used to control a wide variety of insects, including fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. It works by inhibiting the action of an enzyme called cholinesterase, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system in insects. This leads to paralysis and death of the pests. Carbaryl is also used in some veterinary products to treat parasitic infestations. It can be found in various forms, such as powders, granules, and solutions, and can be applied to plants, animals, and indoor/outdoor surfaces. However, it can be harmful to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it is important to follow the label instructions carefully when using carbaryl products.

Carboxylic ester hydrolases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in carboxylic acid esters, producing alcohols and carboxylates. This group includes several subclasses of enzymes such as esterases, lipases, and thioesterases. These enzymes play important roles in various biological processes, including metabolism, detoxification, and signal transduction. They are widely used in industrial applications, such as the production of biodiesel, pharmaceuticals, and food ingredients.

Naphthalene is not typically referred to as a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with the formula C10H8. It is a white crystalline solid that is aromatic and volatile, and it is known for its distinctive mothball smell. In a medical context, naphthalene is primarily relevant as a potential toxin or irritant.

Naphthalene can be found in some chemical products, such as mothballs and toilet deodorant blocks. Exposure to high levels of naphthalene can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. Long-term exposure has been linked to anemia and damage to the liver and nervous system.

In addition, naphthalene is a known environmental pollutant that can be found in air, water, and soil. It is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels and is also released from some industrial processes. Naphthalene has been shown to have toxic effects on aquatic life and may pose a risk to human health if exposure levels are high enough.

A sterol esterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sterol esters, which are fatty acid esters of sterols (such as cholesterol) that are commonly found in lipoproteins and cell membranes. Sterol esterases play a crucial role in the metabolism of lipids by breaking down sterol esters into free sterols and free fatty acids, which can then be used in various biochemical processes.

There are several types of sterol esterases that have been identified, including:

1. Cholesteryl esterase (CE): This enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters in the intestine and liver. It plays a critical role in the absorption and metabolism of dietary cholesterol.
2. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL): This enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of sterol esters in adipose tissue, as well as other lipids such as triacylglycerols. It is regulated by hormones such as insulin and catecholamines.
3. Carboxylesterase (CES): This enzyme is a broad-specificity esterase that can hydrolyze various types of esters, including sterol esters. It is found in many tissues throughout the body.

Sterol esterases are important targets for drug development, as inhibiting these enzymes can have therapeutic effects in a variety of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Coal tar is a thick, dark liquid that is a byproduct of coal manufacturing processes, specifically the distillation of coal at high temperatures. It is a complex mixture of hundreds of different compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are known to be carcinogenic.

In medical terms, coal tar has been used topically for various skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, and seborrheic dermatitis due to its anti-inflammatory and keratolytic properties. Coal tar can help reduce scaling, itching, and inflammation of the skin. However, its use is limited due to potential side effects such as skin irritation, increased sun sensitivity, and potential risk of cancer with long-term use. Coal tar products should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider and according to the instructions on the label.

Acetylesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl esters into alcohol and acetic acid. This enzyme plays a role in the metabolism of various xenobiotics, including drugs and environmental toxins, by removing acetyl groups from these compounds. Acetylesterase is found in many tissues, including the liver, intestine, and blood. It belongs to the class of enzymes known as hydrolases, which act on ester bonds.

Creosote is a thick, dark brown or black liquid that has a strong, tarry odor and is produced when wood, coal, or other organic materials are burned or distilled. It is a complex mixture of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been linked to an increased risk of cancer.

In the medical context, creosote is not typically used as a treatment for any condition. However, it has been used historically as a topical antiseptic and wound dressing, due to its antibacterial properties. However, its use in this way has largely been replaced by more modern and effective treatments.

It's important to note that creosote is considered a hazardous substance and can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, it should be handled with care and used only under the supervision of a medical professional.

Glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase) is an enzyme belonging to the family of glycosyltransferases. It plays a crucial role in the process of biotransformation and detoxification of various endogenous and exogenous substances, including drugs, hormones, and environmental toxins, in the liver and other organs.

The enzyme functions by transferring a glucuronic acid moiety from a donor molecule, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA), to an acceptor molecule, which can be a variety of hydrophobic compounds. This reaction results in the formation of a more water-soluble glucuronide conjugate, facilitating the excretion of the substrate through urine or bile.

There are multiple isoforms of glucuronosyltransferase, classified into two main families: UGT1 and UGT2. These isoforms exhibit different substrate specificities and tissue distributions, allowing for a wide range of compounds to be metabolized through the glucuronidation pathway.

In summary, Glucuronosyltransferase is an essential enzyme in the detoxification process, facilitating the elimination of various substances from the body by conjugating them with a glucuronic acid moiety.

Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of plants and machinery for the large-scale production or processing of chemicals, fuels, foods, pharmaceuticals, and biologicals, as well as the development of new materials and technologies. It involves the application of principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, and economics to optimize chemical processes that convert raw materials into valuable products. Chemical engineers are also involved in developing and improving environmental protection methods, such as pollution control and waste management. They work in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, energy, food processing, and environmental protection.

Carboxylesterase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in carboxylic acid esters, producing alcohol and carboxylate products. These enzymes are widely distributed in various tissues, including the liver, intestines, and plasma. They play important roles in detoxification, metabolism, and the breakdown of xenobiotics (foreign substances) in the body.

Carboxylesterases can also catalyze the reverse reaction, forming esters from alcohols and carboxylates, which is known as transesterification or esterification. This activity has applications in industrial processes and biotechnology.

There are several families of carboxylesterases, with different substrate specificities, kinetic properties, and tissue distributions. These enzymes have been studied for their potential use in therapeutics, diagnostics, and drug delivery systems.

Acenaphthene is an organic compound that is classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). It is made up of four benzene rings arranged in a specific structure. Acenaphthene is not typically used in medical applications, but it can be found in some industrial products and may be produced as a byproduct of certain chemical reactions or processes.

In the environment, acenaphthene can be released into the air, water, and soil through various sources, including the burning of coal and oil, the exhaust from vehicles, and the incineration of waste. It is not considered to be highly toxic to humans, but long-term exposure to high levels of acenaphthene has been linked to an increased risk of cancer in laboratory animals.

There are no specific medical definitions associated with acenaphthene, as it is not a substance that is typically used in medical treatments or procedures. However, it is important for healthcare professionals and researchers to be aware of the potential presence of acenaphthene and other PAHs in the environment, as these substances can have harmful effects on human health.

Phosgene is not a medical condition, but it is an important chemical compound with significant medical implications. Medically, phosgene is most relevant as a potent chemical warfare agent and a severe pulmonary irritant. Here's the medical definition of phosgene:

Phosgene (COCl2): A highly toxic and reactive gas at room temperature with a characteristic odor reminiscent of freshly cut hay or grass. It is denser than air, allowing it to accumulate in low-lying areas. Exposure to phosgene primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms ranging from mild irritation to severe pulmonary edema and potentially fatal respiratory failure.

Inhaling high concentrations of phosgene can lead to immediate choking sensations, coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Delayed symptoms may include fever, cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to insufficient oxygen), and pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs). The onset of these severe symptoms can be rapid or take up to 48 hours after exposure.

Medical management of phosgene exposure primarily focuses on supportive care, including administering supplemental oxygen, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to maintain adequate gas exchange in the lungs.

Tetralones are not a medical term, but rather a chemical classification. They refer to a class of organic compounds that contain a tetralone ring structure, which is a cyclohexanone fused to a benzene ring. These compounds have various applications in the pharmaceutical industry as intermediates in the synthesis of drugs. Some tetralones have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but they are not themselves approved medical treatments.

Azo compounds are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-) in their molecular structure. The term "azo" is derived from the Greek word "azō," meaning "to boil" or "to sparkle," which refers to the brightly colored nature of many azo compounds.

These compounds are synthesized by the reaction between aromatic amines and nitrous acid or its derivatives, resulting in the formation of diazonium salts, which then react with another aromatic compound containing an active methylene group to form azo compounds.

Azo compounds have diverse applications across various industries, including dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. They are known for their vibrant colors, making them widely used as colorants in textiles, leather, paper, and food products. In addition, some azo compounds exhibit unique chemical properties, such as solubility, stability, and reactivity, which make them valuable intermediates in the synthesis of various organic compounds.

However, certain azo compounds have been found to pose health risks due to their potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. As a result, regulations have been imposed on their use in consumer products, particularly those intended for oral consumption or direct skin contact.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pyrenes" is not a medical term. It is a term used in chemistry and materials science, referring to a type of aromatic hydrocarbon molecule that consists of two benzene rings fused together. If you have a different term or concept in mind, please provide it so I can give you an accurate definition or information.

Arylsulfotransferases (ASTs) are a group of enzymes that play a role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds by catalyzing the transfer of a sulfuryl group from a donor, such as 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), to an acceptor aromatic molecule. This results in the formation of a sulfate ester, which can then be excreted from the body. ASTs are found in various tissues, including the liver, kidney, and intestine, and are involved in the metabolism of numerous drugs, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Defects in ASTs have been associated with certain genetic disorders, such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency and disorders of steroid sulfation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hempa" is not a term commonly used in medical terminology. It's possible that there may be a typo or misunderstanding in the term you're looking for. If you're referring to "hemp," I can provide some information related to this.

Hemp is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for industrial purposes. It has very low concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound found in cannabis, making it unsuitable for use as a recreational drug. Hemp is used to produce a wide range of products, including textiles, paper, rope, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.

If you meant to ask about something else or if there's more information you need regarding hemp, please let me know!

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare form of tuberculosis that affects the skin. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. africanum. CTB can occur as a primary infection after direct inoculation of the skin with the bacteria, or it can be secondary to a distant focus of infection such as lung or lymph node TB.

The clinical presentation of CTB is varied and can include papules, nodules, pustules, ulcers, plaques, or scaly lesions. The lesions may be painless or painful, and they can be associated with systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

CTB can be diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, skin biopsy, culture, and PCR testing. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics, often for six to nine months or more. The most commonly used drugs are isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Surgical excision may be necessary in some cases.

Prevention measures include early detection and treatment of pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination, and avoiding contact with people with active TB.

Equilenin is an estrogen compound that is found in certain plants and is also produced synthetically. It is structurally similar to the natural estrogens produced by the human body, such as estradiol and estrone. Equilenin has been used in some forms of hormone replacement therapy and in the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. However, its use is not as common as other synthetic estrogens due to its potential side effects and risks.

Like other estrogen compounds, equilenin works by binding to estrogen receptors in the body, which are found in various tissues including the breasts, uterus, bones, and brain. This binding action can stimulate cell growth and development, as well as regulate various physiological processes such as bone density, cholesterol levels, and mood.

It is important to note that the use of estrogen therapy, including equilenin, carries certain risks, particularly for postmenopausal women. Long-term use of estrogen therapy has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, stroke, and blood clots. Therefore, it should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider and for the shortest duration necessary to treat the underlying medical condition.

Nitrophenols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a phenyl ring (aromatic hydrocarbon) and one or more nitro groups (-NO2). They have the general structure R-C6H4-NO2, where R represents the hydroxyl group.

Nitrophenols are known for their distinctive yellow to brown color and can be found in various natural sources such as plants and microorganisms. Some common nitrophenols include:

* p-Nitrophenol (4-nitrophenol)
* o-Nitrophenol (2-nitrophenol)
* m-Nitrophenol (3-nitrophenol)

These compounds are used in various industrial applications, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. However, they can also be harmful to human health and the environment, as some nitrophenols have been identified as potential environmental pollutants and may pose risks to human health upon exposure.

Glucuronides are conjugated compounds formed in the liver by the attachment of glucuronic acid to a variety of molecules, including drugs, hormones, and environmental toxins. This process, known as glucuronidation, is catalyzed by enzymes called UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and increases the water solubility of these compounds, allowing them to be more easily excreted from the body through urine or bile.

Glucuronidation plays a crucial role in the detoxification and elimination of many substances, including drugs and toxins. However, in some cases, glucuronides can also be hydrolyzed back into their original forms by enzymes called β-glucuronidases, which can lead to reabsorption of the parent compound and prolong its effects or toxicity.

Overall, understanding the metabolism and disposition of glucuronides is important for predicting drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, and potential adverse effects.

Glucuronates are not a medical term per se, but they refer to salts or esters of glucuronic acid, a organic compound that is a derivative of glucose. In the context of medical and biological sciences, glucuronidation is a common detoxification process in which glucuronic acid is conjugated to a wide variety of molecules, including drugs, hormones, and environmental toxins, to make them more water-soluble and facilitate their excretion from the body through urine or bile.

The process of glucuronidation is catalyzed by enzymes called UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which are found in various tissues, including the liver, intestines, and kidneys. The resulting glucuronides can be excreted directly or further metabolized before excretion.

Therefore, "glucuronates" can refer to the chemical compounds that result from this process of conjugation with glucuronic acid, as well as the therapeutic potential of enhancing or inhibiting glucuronidation for various clinical applications.

Potassium iodide is an inorganic, non-radioactive salt of iodine. Medically, it is used as a thyroid blocking agent to prevent the absorption of radioactive iodine in the event of a nuclear accident or radiation exposure. It works by saturating the thyroid gland with stable iodide, which then prevents the uptake of radioactive iodine. This can help reduce the risk of thyroid cancer and other thyroid related issues that may arise from exposure to radioactive materials. Potassium iodide is also used in the treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.

Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate (PAPS) is not exactly a medical term, but a biochemical term. However, it is often referred to in the context of medical and biological research.

PAPS is a crucial molecule in the metabolism of living organisms and serves as the primary donor of sulfate groups in the process of sulfonation, which is a type of enzymatic modification that adds a sulfate group to various substrates such as proteoglycans, hormones, neurotransmitters, and xenobiotics. This process plays an essential role in several biological processes, including detoxification, signal transduction, and cell-cell recognition.

Therefore, PAPS is a critical molecule for maintaining proper physiological functions in the body, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

The enzyme cholesterol esterase hydrolyses the (S)-diester but not the (R)-diester. The (R)-dipentanoate is hydrolysed in a ... 1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) is an organic compound that is often used as a ligand for transition-metal catalysed asymmetric ... 76, p.1 "(S)-(−)- and (R)-(+)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol" Archived 2005-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, Romas J. Kazlauskas in Organic ... S)-BINOL can be prepared directly from an asymmetric oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol with copper(II) chloride. The chiral ...
... esterase (C4), esterase lipase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, and alkaline phosphatase. P. excrementihominis can grow in ... Both P. excrementihominis and P. secunda have the enzyme esterase, whereas no species in Sutterella to date have esterase (C4 ...
... immunostaining because very poorly granulated cells may stain very weakly if at all for alpha-naphthol chloroacetate esterase. ... presence of metachromatic granules staining with alpha-naphthyl chloroacetate esterase, but not with peroxidase). Mast cell ...
... esterase lipase C8, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, typsin, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, alpha- and beta- ...
... esterase/esterase lipase/lipase, leucine and valine arylamidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, naphthol-AS-B1-phosphohydrolase, ...
... esterase lipase (C8), cysteine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-Bi-phosphohydrolase, and ... A positive esterase lipase result indicates O. sediminis can break down emulsified mono-, di and triglycerides into glycerol ...
... naphthol as d esterase MeSH D08.811.277.352.100.680 - phospholipases MeSH D08.811.277.352.100.680.510 - lysophospholipase MeSH ... cholesterol esterase MeSH D08.811.277.352.100.170 - cholinesterases MeSH D08.811.277.352.100.170.176 - acetylcholinesterase ... 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase MeSH D08.811.277.352.335 - deoxyribonucleases MeSH D08.811.277.352.335.350 - ...
PAS and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase positivity) in eosinophils is a marker of abnormality seen in chronic eosinophilic ...
... esterase lipase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, naphthol AS-BI- ... The bacterium is positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), ...
... and it is catalyzed by a high pH and substrate-specific esterases. After about 6 hours, almost all of the drug is deacetylated ... in its inhibitory binding of bacterial RNA polymerase are the four critical hydroxyl groups of the ansa bridge and the naphthol ...
Initial approaches coupled the methyl vinyl ketone with a naphthol to give a naphtholoxide, but this procedure was not ... a tetracyclic Lycopodium alkaloid that has potential application to inhibiting the acetylcholine esterase. Scientists at Merck ...
Distribution of T-lymphocytes in follicular lymphomas as revealed by acid alpha-naphthol acetate esterase. ... Distribution of T-lymphocytes in follicular lymphomas as revealed by acid alpha-naphthol acetate esterase. ... Twelve cases of follicular centroblastic/centrocytic malignant lymphoma were studied for acid non-specific esterase. The ...
The enzyme cholesterol esterase hydrolyses the (S)-diester but not the (R)-diester. The (R)-dipentanoate is hydrolysed in a ... 1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) is an organic compound that is often used as a ligand for transition-metal catalysed asymmetric ... 76, p.1 "(S)-(−)- and (R)-(+)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol" Archived 2005-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, Romas J. Kazlauskas in Organic ... S)-BINOL can be prepared directly from an asymmetric oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol with copper(II) chloride. The chiral ...
Occasionally, the specific esterase stain for granulocyte precursors (ie, naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase [CAE]) is ... The nonspecific esterase reactions (ie, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase [ANAE] and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase [ANBE]) ... In acute monoblastic and acute monocytic leukemias (AMoLs), nonspecific esterase staining (ie, ANAE and/or ANBE) causes a ...
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (AS-DCE) Stain, Acid Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase Stain (ANAE), Sudan Black B Stain ( ...
... esterase (non-specific esterase) and negative with naphthol AS-D chloracetate as the esterase substrate (specific esterase). ... that were positive for both the nonspecific and specific esterases. Differences in staining reactions for the histiocytosis-X ...
Aldrich-366188; N-Benzylcinchoninium chloride 0.98; CAS No.: 69221-14-3; Synonyms: 9-Hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)cinchonanium chloride; BCNC; Linear Formula: C26H29ClN2O; Empirical Formula: C26H29ClN2O; find related products, papers, technical documents, MSDS & more at Sigma-Aldrich.
NAPHTHOL AS D ESTERASE] 38. ՆԱԽԱՍԻՐՏ [HEART ATRIUM] 88. ՆԱՖԹՈԼՆԵՐ [NAPHTHOLS] 39. ՆԱԽԱՍՐՏԵՐԻ ՖԻԲՐԻԼՅԱՑԻԱ [ATRIAL FIBRILLATION] ...
C) Double esterase stain (naphthyl AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain [CAE] and non-specific alpha naphthol acetate esterase ... Double esterase stain. (Naphthyl AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain [CAE] and non-specific alpha naphthol acetate esterase stain ... Double esterase stain. (Naphthyl AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain [CAE] and non-specific alpha naphthol acetate esterase stain ... Leder stain (naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase). Negative for myeloid cells. (C) Blood vessel section. Lumen filled with ...
... showed elevated esterase activity. This study confirms resistance to pyrethroids and suggests emerging bendiocarb resistance in ... and Beta-Naphthol acetate (βNaph) (Sigma N-185507) were used to evaluate the non-specific esterase activity. GST activity was ... α-esterase and β-esterase activities in field populations of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.). *Population with a significantly higher ... non-specific esterases (α and β-esterases) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) [43] of the different field mosquito ...
Those cells were focally positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. Immunohistochemically, positive results were ...
Kariadi General Hospital, Tplogorejo Hospital and Elisabeth Hospital with Gienisa and Mieloperoxidase ( MPO ), Naphthol AS-D ... Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase ( BUE ) dan imunositokimia Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ( TdT.) dengan hasil sebagai ... Telogorejo dan RS Elisabeth dengan menggunakan pengecatan Giemsa dan Mieloperoksidase ( MPO ) , Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate ( ... Chloroacetate ( CLE ) , a - Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase ( BLE ) , immunocytochemical staining : Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl ...
If plant-esterase was intact, 1-naphthol would reduce oxTMB, causing a color change of the detection pad from blue to colorless ... If the plant-esterase activity was inhibited by pesticides, less 1-naphthol was produced, and the blue color of the detection ... Besides pesticide capture, plant-esterase also mediates the hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl acetate, generating 1-naphthol. The ... Ten lipases and esterases have been examined to catalyse the reaction between p-nitrobenzaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone, the ...
Esterases from the three ripening stages exhibited broad pH optima (pH 5-5 - 6.5) although limitations of the assay procedure ... Using the histochemical reagents, naphthol AS D acetate and the diazonium salt, fast red violet LB salt, a biochemical study of ... Although esterase activity changed little during the transition from maturing 1 to mature 1 when expressed on either basis, ... Attempts to localise esterases in fruit cells at the ultrastructural level were unsuccessful since electron dense end-product ...
2016 MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF Α-NAPHTHYL BUTIRATE ESTERASE AND NAPHTHOL AS-D CHLOROACETATE ESTERASE IN NORMAL ...
... lipid esterase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, acid phosphatase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase; weakly ... CE means carbohydrate esterase. GH means glycoside hydrolases. GT means glycosyltransferases. PL means polysaccharide lyase ... The API ZYM profile indicated that the ALW1 cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), ... carbohydrate esterases (CEs), polysaccharide lyases (PLs), and auxiliary activities (AAs) on the basis of the CAZy database ( ...
... esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, acid ... Other enzymes, involved in the catabolism of nutrients, are detected at lower contents, such as Naphthol phosphohydrolase, β- ... These results indicate the production of β-glucosidase and esterase by L. plantarum FSO1 and C. pelliculosa L18, and it can ... Esteban-Torres M, Reveron I, Mancheno JM, de Las Rivas B, Munoz R (2013) Characterization of a feruloyl esterase from ...
... esterase C4 and esterase), and some carbohydrate-binding enzymes (α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, and α- ... mannosidase). Very high activity was observed for one phosphatase using naphthol-AS-BI-phosphate. These activities indicate the ... esterase C4, esterase, and lipase), dephosphorylation reactions (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and naphthyl-AS-BI- ...
author keywords: ESTERASE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; ALPHA-NAPHTHYL ACETATE ASSAY ... Naphthols / metabolism; Rats; Substrate Specificity ...
L. plantarum KC3 produced enzymes such as esterase, lipase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystimearylamidase, acid ... phosphatase, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. In ...
Naphthol AS D Acetatesterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase Naphthol AS D Chloroacetate Esterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase ...
Naphthol AS D Esterase. *Phospholipases. *Sterol Esterase. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than " ...
Naphthol AS D Acetatesterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase Naphthol AS D Chloroacetate Esterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase ...
Naphthol AS D Acetatesterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase Naphthol AS D Chloroacetate Esterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase ...
Naphthol AS D Acetatesterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase Naphthol AS D Chloroacetate Esterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase ...
Naphthol AS D Acetatesterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase Naphthol AS D Chloroacetate Esterase use Naphthol AS D Esterase ...
Naphthol AS D Esterase [D08.811.277.352.100.550] * Phospholipases [D08.811.277.352.100.680] * Lysophospholipase [D08.811. ... Esterases [D08.811.277.352] * Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases [D08.811.277.352.640] * Annexin A3 [D08.811.277.352.640.050] ... Esterases [D08.811.277.352] * Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases [D08.811.277.352.100] * Acetylesterase [D08.811.277.352.100.050] ...
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (AS-DCE) Stain * Acid Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase Stain (ANAE) ...
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (AS-DCE) Stain * Acid Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase Stain (ANAE) ...
naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. +. [Ref.: #23200]. pyrazinamidase. +. 3.5.1.B15. [Ref.: #23200]. pyrrolidonyl arylamidase. -. ... esterase (C 4). +. [Ref.: #23200]. esterase lipase (C 8). +. [Ref.: #23200]. leucine arylamidase. -. 3.4.11.1. ...
Enzyme activities are expressed Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries as nmole of naphthol or B naphthol min mg protein. Glutathione ... Non specific esterase assay For each sample, 20 ul of supernatant derived from the insect homogenate were mixed with 200 ul of ... The activity against each substrate was calculated from standard curves of absorbance for known concentrations of naphthol or B ...
  • The enzyme cholesterol esterase hydrolyses the (S)-diester but not the (R)-diester. (wikipedia.org)
  • Those cells were focally positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Telogorejo dan RS Elisabeth dengan menggunakan pengecatan Giemsa dan Mieloperoksidase ( MPO ) , Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate ( CLE ), a - Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase ( BUE ) dan imunositokimia Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ( TdT. (undip.ac.id)
  • A combined cytochemical and biochemical analysis of non-specific esterases in differentiating root tissues of the broad bean showed that maximal enzyme activity, expressed on a per segment, per unit protein or per unit area of average-sized section basis, occurred within the zone of cell expansion, elongation and differentiation of procambial tissues. (gre.ac.uk)
  • In a study of non-specific esterases in soft fruit ripening and senescence, cytochemical studies demonstrated that enzyme activity was associated with subcellular structures in the pulp cells of the ripening strawberry. (gre.ac.uk)
  • Enzyme activities are expressed Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries as nmole of naphthol or B naphthol min mg protein. (srcinhibitors.com)
  • Distribution of T-lymphocytes in follicular lymphomas as revealed by acid alpha-naphthol acetate esterase. (bmj.com)
  • Twelve cases of follicular centroblastic/centrocytic malignant lymphoma were studied for acid non-specific esterase. (bmj.com)
  • Three study locations (Djougou, Gogounou and Kandi) showed high oxidase activity and four sites (Djougou, Ouake, Copargo and Kandi) showed elevated esterase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using the histochemical reagents, naphthol AS D acetate and the diazonium salt, fast red violet LB salt, a biochemical study of non-specific esterases extracted from broad bean root tips, has shown that these enzymes have an estimated Km of 0.07 mM, a pH optimum of 5.5 and that they lose substantial activity when dialysed against distilled water as opposed to 5mM magnesium chloride and 10mM phosphate buffer. (gre.ac.uk)
  • Although esterase activity changed little during the transition from 'maturing 1 to 'mature 1 when expressed on either basis, the specific activity of the enzymes fell markedly. (gre.ac.uk)
  • The activity against each substrate was calculated from standard curves of absorbance for known concentrations of naphthol or B naphthol. (srcinhibitors.com)
  • 1961). Among workers engaged in the production, handling and shipping of carbaryl, those most heavily exposed (air concentrations of 0.23 to 31 mg/M 3 ) excreted large amounts of total 1-naphthol (Best & Murray, 1962). (inchem.org)
  • Statistical analyses of histochemical data have shown that particles staining for naphthol AS BI phosphatase in dividing unfixed root cells of Vicia f aba do not act as a 'trigger 1 in the way suggested for animal cells, since there were significantly greater numbers of particles in mitotic cells as opposed to interphase cells in all 3 root tissues, apical initials, procortex and central cylinder. (gre.ac.uk)
  • Histological staining techniques have revolutionized our understanding of cellular processes, and the α-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (α-NAE) stain holds a significant place in this field. (pscientifics.com)
  • The α-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (α-NAE) stain offers a fascinating glimpse into cellular esterase activity. (pscientifics.com)
  • In the blast cells of all ALL cases myeloperoxi- dase, Sudan Black B and naphtol ASD chloroacetate esterase are claimed to be negative (Shaw, 1976). (swirlzcupcakes.com)
  • We also assessed the sublethal effects of Proclaim Fit ® on the specific activity of some well-known detoxifying enzymes including α-esterase, β-esterase, and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the honey bees. (researchsquare.com)
  • Enzyme assays revealed the considerable involvement of the enzymes, especially GST and α-esterase, in detoxification of the Proclaim Fit ® , but their activities were significantly influenced by route of exposure and age of bee. (researchsquare.com)
  • Esterases (ESTs) are the enzymes involved in Phase I xenobiotic detoxification reactions that degrade toxins via hydrolysis (Xu et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2013). These hydrolytic enzymes are divided into alpha (α) and beta (β) esterases depending on their ability to hydrolyze the substrates alpha- and beta-naphthyl, respectively (Dahan-Moss and Koekemoer 2016). (researchsquare.com)
  • This technique is referred to as "Non-specific Esterase Stain" due to its lack of specificity toward esterases. (pscientifics.com)