Mycetoma
Madurella
Nocardia asteroides
Mitosporic Fungi
Foot Deformities, Acquired
Immune response to Nocardia brasiliensis antigens in an experimental model of actinomycetoma in BALB/c mice. (1/156)
Nine- to twelve-week-old BALB/c mice were injected in footpads with 10(7) CFU of a Nocardia brasiliensis cell suspension. Typical actinomycetoma lesions, characterized by severe local inflammation with abscess and fistula formation, were fully established by day 28 after infection. These changes presented for 90 days, and then tissue repair with scar formation slowly appeared, with complete healing after 150 days of infection. Some animals developed bone destruction in the affected area. Histopathology showed an intense inflammatory response, with polymorphonuclear cells and hyaloid material around the colonies of the bacteria, some of which were discharged from draining abscesses. Sera from experimental animals were analyzed by Western blotting, and immunodominant antigens P61 and P24 were found as major targets for antibody response. Anti-P24 immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype antibodies were present as early as 7 days, IgG peaking 45 days after infection. Lymphocyte proliferation with spleen and popliteal lymph node cells demonstrated thymidine incorporation at 7 days after infection, the stimulation index decreasing by day 60. Levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the sera of infected animals. The circulating levels of IFN-gamma increased more than 10 times the basal levels; levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 also increased during the first 4 days of infection. (+info)Peritonitis by scedosporium apiospermum in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. (2/156)
A case of peritonitis due to Scedosporium apiospermum in a boy undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is reported. The finding of suggestive tissual form of the fungus in the effluent hastened the diagnosis of the infection. (+info)Cutaneous Scedosporium apiospermum infection in an immunocompromised patient. (3/156)
Scedosporium apiospermum infection occurred in the left forearm of a patient who was taking oral prednisolone for pulmonary fibrosis. The infection appeared to follow a scratch from a blackcurrant bush. This is the first reported case in the United Kingdom of a cutaneous infection from Scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompromised patient. (+info)Mycetoma in an HIV-infected patient. (4/156)
Although opportunistic fungal infections occur commonly in immunocompromised hosts, mycetoma has never been reported in association with HIV infection. The authors present a case that to their knowledge is the first reported case of mycetoma associated with HIV infection. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct examination of grains and histologic examination. Precise identification of the agent, an actinomycete, was not possible. The unusual site of infection may probably be related to the use of contaminated needless and syringes for HIV drug injection. (+info)Meningitis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii treated with voriconazole. (5/156)
Meningitis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii is an uncommon infection of the CNS that usually has a poor prognosis and a difficult treatment. We describe a case of chronic meningitis caused by P. boydii in an immunocompetent host that was successfully treated with voriconazole, a new antifungal agent. (+info)Medical management of mycetoma. (6/156)
A number of drugs and drug combinations were tested both in vitro and in vivo against pathogens causing actinomycetoma and maduromycetoma. Of 144 patients with actinomycetoma treated, 63.2% were cured, 21.5% showed great improvement in their condition, and 11.1% showed some improvement. Treatment was successful even when there was advanced bone involvement. The most effective treatments involved dapsone plus streptomycin sulfate or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim plus streptomycin. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus streptomycin or rifampicin plus streptomycin also gave good results. Griseofulvin plus penicillin showed some promise in the management of maduromycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomi but at the present time this should be used only as an adjunct to surgery. All mycetoma patients undergoing drug therapy should be carefully monitored and treatment should be temporarily suspended if anaemia or leucopenia develop. (+info)Molecular variability of Pseudallescheria boydii, a neurotropic opportunist. (7/156)
The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) domain data obtained by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with 18S rDNA and fingerprinting (M13) for clinical and environmental strains of Pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph, Scedosporium apiospermum) were compared to those for related species of Pseudallescheria, Petriella, and Scedosporium. The infraspecific variability of P. boydii was considerable. There were five different lengths in the 18S rDNAs within P. boydii due to the occurrence of introns. In several cases, strains isolated from a single pond or ditch proved to be genetically very different. Nevertheless, some lineages had a regional distribution. The variability found is unlikely to be explained by meiotic recombination alone. Pseudallescheria fusoidea, Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea, and Pseudallescheria angusta were found to be synonyms for P. boydii. Scedosporium prolificans was found amid Petriella species in the ITS tree and showed no infraspecific variability. The type strain of Rhinocladium lesnei proved to be identical to Graphium putredinis. Acladium castellanii, which is morphologically reminiscent of S. apiospermum, was also found to be a separate species, but with an unknown affiliation. (+info)White grain mycetoma caused by a Cylindrocarpon sp. in India. (8/156)
We describe a case of white grain eumycetoma of the foot of an Indian male caused by a slow-growing, poorly sporulating fungus that does not match any known agent of this infection. Histologic examination of a biopsy tissue specimen showed oval, lobular, white granules composed of hyaline, septate hyphae, and thick-walled chlamydospores. Culture of granules from a draining sinus yielded compact, very-slow-growing, poorly sporulating colonies producing a strong reddish brown pigment that diffused into the medium. The fungus was identified as a Cylindrocarpon sp. based on the development of rare cylindrical conidia borne from solitary phialides lacking collarettes, in addition to chlamydospores formed singly or in short chains. (+info)Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, often characterized by tumefaction, sinus formation, and grains. It's typically caused by certain species of fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). The infection usually enters the body through traumatic inoculation of the organism into the skin or underlying tissue, often in the foot or hand. The disease is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
"Madurella" is not a medical term itself, but it is the name of a genus of fungi that can cause certain types of infections in humans. This genus is part of the family "Bipolarisaceae" and order "Chaetothyriales." The most common species that affects humans is "Madurella mycetomatis," which is known to cause a chronic subcutaneous infection called mycetoma. Mycetoma is a slowly progressive, granulomatous disease characterized by the formation of multiple sinuses and grains in the affected tissues. It primarily affects the feet but can also involve other parts of the body. The fungus enters the body through traumatic implantation, usually from contaminated soil or thorn pricks.
In summary, "Madurella" is a genus of fungi that includes species capable of causing mycetoma, a chronic subcutaneous infection in humans.
Nocardia infections are caused by Nocardia species, a type of gram-positive, aerobic, filamentous bacteria that can be found in soil, dust, and decaying vegetation. These infections primarily affect the lungs (pulmonary nocardiosis) when the bacteria are inhaled but can also spread to other parts of the body, causing disseminated nocardiosis. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, or long-term steroid use, are at a higher risk of developing Nocardia infections. Symptoms vary depending on the site of infection and may include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, skin abscesses, brain abscesses, or joint inflammation. Diagnosis typically involves microbiological culture and identification of the bacteria from clinical samples, while treatment usually consists of long-term antibiotic therapy, often involving multiple drugs.
Foot dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the feet. These can include inflammatory conditions like eczema and psoriasis, infectious diseases such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections (like plantar warts caused by HPV), and autoimmune blistering disorders. Additionally, contact dermatitis from irritants or allergens can also affect the feet. Proper diagnosis is essential to determine the best course of treatment for each specific condition.
"Nocardia asteroides" is a species of aerobic, gram-positive bacteria that can be found in soil and water. It is a type of actinomycete that can cause various infectious diseases in humans and animals, known as nocardiosis. The bacterium has the ability to form branching filaments, which can resemble fungal hyphae, and it often forms hard, rough colonies on culture media. Nocardia asteroides is known for its resistance to various antibiotics and can cause a range of clinical manifestations, including pulmonary, cutaneous, and disseminated infections. It is typically treated with drugs such as sulfonamides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or imipenem.
Actinomycetales are a group of gram-positive bacteria that can cause various types of infections in humans. The term "Actinomycetales infections" is used to describe a range of diseases caused by these organisms, which are characterized by the formation of characteristic granules or "actinomycetes" composed of bacterial cells and inflammatory tissue.
Some common examples of Actinomycetales infections include:
1. Actinomycosis: A chronic infection that typically affects the face, neck, and mouth, but can also occur in other parts of the body such as the lungs or abdomen. It is caused by various species of Actinomyces, which are normal inhabitants of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.
2. Nocardiosis: A rare but serious infection that can affect the lungs, brain, or skin. It is caused by the bacterium Nocardia, which is found in soil and water.
3. Mycetoma: A chronic infection that affects the skin and underlying tissues, causing the formation of nodules and sinuses that discharge pus containing grains composed of fungal or bacterial elements. It is caused by various species of Actinomyces, Nocardia, and other related bacteria.
4. Streptomyces infections: While Streptomyces species are best known for their role in producing antibiotics, they can also cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. These infections can affect various organs, including the lungs, skin, and soft tissues.
Treatment of Actinomycetales infections typically involves the use of antibiotics, often for prolonged periods of time. The specific antibiotic regimen will depend on the type of infection and the susceptibility of the causative organism to various antimicrobial agents. Surgical intervention may also be necessary in some cases to drain abscesses or remove infected tissue.
Mitosporic fungi, also known as asexual fungi or anamorphic fungi, are a group of fungi that produce mitospores (also called conidia) during their asexual reproduction. Mitospores are produced from the tip of specialized hyphae called conidiophores and are used for dispersal and survival of the fungi in various environments. These fungi do not have a sexual reproductive stage or it has not been observed, making their taxonomic classification challenging. They are commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and water, and some of them can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Examples of mitosporic fungi include Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species.
Acquired foot deformities refer to structural abnormalities of the foot that develop after birth, as opposed to congenital foot deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, neurological conditions, or complications from a medical condition like diabetes or arthritis.
Examples of acquired foot deformities include:
1. Hammertoe - A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Claw toe - A more severe form of hammertoe where the toe also curls under, forming a claw-like shape.
3. Mallet toe - A condition where the end joint of a toe is bent downward, causing it to resemble a mallet.
4. Bunions - A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint, often causing pain and difficulty wearing shoes.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette) - A similar condition to a bunion, but it occurs on the outside of the foot near the little toe joint.
6. Charcot foot - A severe deformity that can occur in people with diabetes or other neurological conditions, characterized by the collapse and dislocation of joints in the foot.
7. Cavus foot - A condition where the arch of the foot is excessively high, causing instability and increasing the risk of ankle injuries.
8. Flatfoot (pes planus) - A deformity where the arch of the foot collapses, leading to pain and difficulty walking.
9. Pronation deformities - Abnormal rotation or tilting of the foot, often causing instability and increasing the risk of injury.
Treatment for acquired foot deformities varies depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include orthotics, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sudan" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Northeast Africa, known as the Sudan or Sudan proper, and the southern region that seceded to become South Sudan in 2011. If you have any medical terms you would like me to define, please let me know!
Mycetoma
Mycetoma Research Center
Eumycetoma
Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan
Sarbeswar Sahariah
El Sheikh Mahgoub Gaafar
Exophiala jeanselmei
Skin infection
Osteomyelitis
Ahmed Hassan Fahal
Streptomyces somaliensis
Pregnenolone acetate
Phialophora verrucosa
Pyrenochaeta
Streptomyces cinnamoneus
Fungal infection
Curvularia pallescens
Henry Vandyke Carter
Madurella grisea
Exophiala
Neglected tropical diseases in India
Glossary of mycology
Podoconiosis
Kerion
Actinomycetoma
Pseudallescheria boydii
Madurella mycetomatis
List of foreign recipients of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Ordre des Palmes académiques
Donald Mackay Medal
Mycetoma - Wikipedia
Mycetoma | Fungal Diseases | CDC
Mycetoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Mycetoma | Wellcome Collection
Mycetoma research in Sudan: addressing neglected diseases | DNDi
Madurella mycetoma: a neglected tropical disease - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
WHO EMRO | Mycetoma | Health topics
MRI for Diagnosis of Mycetoma or Madura Foot
figure2c jcad 0209 DelRosso Mycetoma.qxp | JCAD | The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
A combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with linezolid is useful for actinomycotic mycetoma: A summary of the existing...
Mycetoma - WikiTropica
Mycetoma - Top Naija News
ISNTD Disease Brief: Mycetoma
Mycetoma infection and homoeopathic management
The First Clinical Trial in Mycetoma
Mycetoma - Infectious Diseases - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Mycetoma and Neglected Tropical Diseases | Voices in Bioethics
Inequity | IPS Inter Press Service | News Agency | Journalism & Communication for Global Change
Kenya | IPS Inter Press Service | News Agency | Journalism & Communication for Global Change
Mycetoma-presentation of a case - MOJ Biology and Medicine - MedCrave Publishing
Mycetoma
Mycetoma more widespread than previously thought - Gaffi | Gaffi - Global Action For Fungal Infections
Monitoring immune molecules in mycetoma - Research Highlights - Nature Middle East
Mycology Update 2017 | PPT
69th World Health Assembly Approves Resolutions On Various Global Health Issues | KFF
Comment on "Other causes of intestinal obstruction actino-mycetoma-A case report and literature review"
EB137
Alphabetical Browse | Britannica
The recognition of Mycetoma: much needed attention finally given to long neglected tropical disease (NTD) - CABI Blog
Eumycetoma12
- Mycetoma is a chronic infection in the skin caused by either bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma), typically resulting in a triad of painless firm skin lumps, the formation of weeping sinuses, and a discharge that contains grains. (wikipedia.org)
- Mycetoma can be caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). (cdc.gov)
- Fungal mycetoma (eumycetoma) is the most common type in Africa, while bacterial mycetoma (actinomycetoma) causes most cases in South and Central America and some Asian countries. (cdc.gov)
- When caused by fungi, it is referred to as mycotic mycetoma or eumycetoma. (medscape.com)
- [ 7 ] The ratio of mycetoma cases caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) to those caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) in Mexico has been reported to be 92:8. (medscape.com)
- In 1913, Pinoy described the mycetoma produced by aerobic bacteria that belong to the actinomycete group and classified mycetomas as those produced by true fungi (eumycetoma) versus those due to aerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma). (medscape.com)
- Mycetoma is classified as actinomycetoma (bacterial mycetoma) or eumycetoma (fungal mycetoma) based on its causative agent. (who.int)
- Mycetoma is a devastating, chronic infectious disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that can be either bacterial in origin (actinomycetoma) or fungal (eumycetoma). (isntd.org)
- Basel, Switzerland, Tokyo, Japan- 10 September 2015] The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) and the Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai Co., Ltd. have signed an agreement to proceed with the clinical development of Eisai'santi-fungal drug fosravuconazole for the potential new treatment of eumycetoma, a fungal form of mycetoma, one of the world's most neglected diseases. (edu.sd)
- Fungal mycetoma (also known as eumycetoma) is the most common type in Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
- The use of antifungals to treat eumycetoma has a success rate of about 35%, but in 2016 a new antifungal agent, fosravuconazole, will be the subject of the First Clinical Trial in Mycetoma conducted by Drugs for Neglected Diseases Institute (DNDi) . (cabi.org)
- Mycetoma caused by true fungi is termed eumycetoma. (medscape.com)
Chronic10
- Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which sometimes involves muscle, bone, and neighboring organs. (medscape.com)
- Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous, progressively destructive infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissues, affecting skin, muscle and bone. (who.int)
- Mycetoma or Madura Foot is a chronic localized granulomatous disease characterized by exuberant granulomatous tissue formation involving the subcutaneous plane. (ukessays.com)
- Mycetoma is a chronic progressively destructive morbid inflammatory disease usually of the foot but any part of the body can be affected. (homeobook.com)
- MYCETOMA- Is a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by actinomycetes or fungi. (homeobook.com)
- Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues that affects the lower limbs in more than 80% of cases. (homeobook.com)
- Mycetoma is a chronic, progressive, local infection caused by fungi or bacteria and involving the feet, upper extremities, or back. (msdmanuals.com)
- Key immune system molecules are detected in mycetoma, a chronic, destructive inflammatory disease. (springernature.app)
- Mycetoma is a chronic mutilating disease of the skin and the underlying tissues caused by fungi or bacteria. (org.in)
- Under a magnification of 600X, this photomicrograph of a tissue specimen, excised from an actinomycotic mycetoma, revealed histopathologic changes, including this chronic inflammatory fresh sulfur granule. (cdc.gov)
Cases of mycetoma3
- While most cases of mycetoma occur in Sudan, Venezuela, Mexico, and India, its true prevalence and incidence are not well-known. (wikipedia.org)
- Countries shown in dark green indicate those in which cases of mycetoma have been reported in the medical literature. (cdc.gov)
- Conclusion This single center study reports a handful of cases of mycetoma from Pakistan. (aku.edu)
Cause mycetoma5
- Developing mycetoma requires repeatedly exposing broken skin to soil and water that contain the microbes that cause mycetoma over long periods of time. (cdc.gov)
- Shoes protect the feet while someone is walking or working outside in areas where the germs that cause mycetoma are common in water and soil. (cdc.gov)
- The bacteria and fungi that cause mycetoma live in soil and water. (cdc.gov)
- More than 56 different species of fungi and bacteria have been reported to cause mycetoma. (medscape.com)
- The microbes that cause mycetoma accumulate in structures called grains. (springernature.app)
Actinomycetoma3
- such cases are called actinomycotic mycetoma or actinomycetoma. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial mycetoma (sometimes referred to as actinomycetoma) causes most cases in South and Central America and in some Asian countries. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mycetoma caused by filamentous bacteria is termed actinomycetoma. (medscape.com)
PLOS Neglected Tropical1
- Though the worldwide incidence of mycetoma is not known, in a 2013 report in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , researchers documented cases from 23 countries. (wuwm.com)
Research Centre2
- The workshop was organized by WHO and the Mycetoma Research Centre with the support of the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi). (who.int)
- Emmanuel Siddig of the Mycetoma Research Centre at the University of Khartoum, Sudan explains that previous studies have not investigated these proteins in relation to the disease. (springernature.app)
Infection13
- Since the bacterial form and the fungal form of mycetoma infection of the foot share similar clinical and radiological features, diagnosis can be a challenge. (wikipedia.org)
- The laboratory may examine the sample under a microscope, but this test may not always determine if the infection is caused by bacteria or fungi and cannot determine what type of bacteria or fungi is the cause of the mycetoma. (cdc.gov)
- Patients can avoid long-term infection and amputation by seeking care and detecting and treating mycetoma early. (cdc.gov)
- Mycetoma infection can be caused by fungi or bacteria. (medscape.com)
- Mycetoma due to actinomycetes should be differentiated from actinomycosis , which is an endogenous suppurative infection caused by Actinomyces israelii, other species of Actinomyces, or related bacteria, typically affecting the cervicofacial, thoracic, and pelvic sites (the latter is usually associated with the use of intrauterine devices). (medscape.com)
- Unfortunately, a combination of limited healthcare infrastructure in endemic regions (with no simple point-of-care diagnostic test available), limited health education and disease awareness, and the painless slow progression of mycetoma, leads many patients to present with advanced infection. (isntd.org)
- The aim of this article is to describe briefly about mycetoma infection and its Homoeopathic management. (homeobook.com)
- There are major knowledge gaps about mycetoma in general, including about its transmission, prevalence, route of infection, and susceptibility. (edu.sd)
- Among NTDs sits mycetoma, a destructive fungal or bacterial infection of a body part (most commonly, the foot) that results in disfigurement and social stigma. (columbia.edu)
- Pilsczek FH, Augenbraun M. Mycetoma fungal infection: multiple organisms as colonizers or pathogens? (medscape.com)
- Primary cutaneous nocardiosis, most commonly caused by Nocardia brasiliensis , typically affects immunocompetent individuals with a history of trauma and can be subdivided into 3 clinical entities that include (1) lymphocutaneous infection, (2) mycetoma, and (3) superficial skin infection, including ulceration, abscess, and cellulitis. (medscape.com)
- Mustafa Alnour Alhassan has mycetoma, a potentially lethal infection that can be caused by 18 different species of fungi and seven types of bacteria. (wuwm.com)
- Mycetoma is a devastating neglected tropical infection of the subcutaneous tissue and most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. (eur.nl)
Sporotrichosis1
- Examples include: mycetoma and sporotrichosis. (futurelearn.com)
Neglected Tropical1
- [3] Mycetoma is so neglected that until May 2016, it was not even on the World Health Organization's (WHO) neglected tropical diseases list. (columbia.edu)
Nocardia4
- Actinomycotic Mycetoma -is caused by aerobic species of actinomycetes belonging to the genera Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Actinomadura with Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae. (homeobook.com)
- Nocardia, nocardiosis and mycetoma. (medscape.com)
- Approximately half the mycetoma occurrences are caused by Nocardia species. (medscape.com)
- Under a magnification of 600X, this photomicrograph of a tissue specimen, excised from an actinomycotic mycetoma, and stained using the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) method, revealed histopathologic changes, due to the organism, Actinomadura pelletieri , formerly known as Nocardia pelletieri . (cdc.gov)
Madurella1
- Only 18 specimens were submitted for microbiological assessment and six grew agents of mycetoma, with Madurella mycetomatis reported in only three. (aku.edu)
People with mycetoma3
- Some people with mycetoma will not experience pain or discomfort, while others will report itching and/or pain. (wikipedia.org)
- The number of people with mycetoma worldwide is not known, but there were 17,607 cases reported in a 2017 review of scientific articles between 1950 and 2017. (cdc.gov)
- Many people with mycetoma work in agricultural jobs, such as farmers and livestock herders. (cdc.gov)
Madura3
- In 75% of cases, a mycetoma is localised on the foot (Madura foot). (wikitropica.org)
- Mycetoma, also termed maduromycosis or Madura foot, is named after the Indian region where it was first described. (medscape.com)
- Alhassan's family sought out the most respected traditional healer in the region, who diagnosed his ailment as madura foot - an older name for mycetoma. (wuwm.com)
Sudan8
- The Sixth International Conference on Mycetoma was preceded by the First International Training Workshop on Mycetoma from 10 to 14 February 2019 in Khartoum, Sudan. (who.int)
- Patients outside the Mycetoma Research Center in Sudan. (topnaijanews.com)
- It overwhelmingly occurs in impoverished areas of the "mycetoma belt" that extends worldwide but is concentrated between the Equator and Tropic of Cancer, with most cases reported from India, Mexico, Sudan, Africa, Somalia, and Yemen. (columbia.edu)
- In her December 2015 NPR article, Maxmen tells the story of twenty-six-year-old Mustafa Alnour Alhassan of Sudan, who lost his leg to mycetoma and is dying. (columbia.edu)
- Overall, mycetoma has been described in 102 countries, with the largest number from Mexico, India and Sudan. (gaffi.org)
- Researchers in Sudan and the Netherlands studied the levels of two key proteins of the immune system - interleukin-17 (IL-17) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) - in biopsy samples from 100 mycetoma patients. (springernature.app)
- Sudan is referred to as the "epicentre" of the disease - The Mycetoma Research Center in Khartoum, Sudan has actually recently been recognized as a WHO Collaborative Center for mycetoma. (cabi.org)
- Here, he sits beside his father, Alnour Alhassan, at the Mycetoma Research Center in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. (wuwm.com)
Lesion3
- The initial lesion of mycetoma may be a papule, a fixed subcutaneous nodule, a vesicle with an indurated base, or a subcutaneous abscess that ruptures to form a fistula to the skin surface. (msdmanuals.com)
- Two molecules that accumulate in the microenvironment of a mycetoma could play significant roles in the immune response that leads to the lesion. (springernature.app)
- The variables for statistical analysis were age and gender of patient, anatomical site of lesion, residence of patient (geographical location) in the country, etiologic agents of mycetoma and significant gross and microscopic histopathological findings. (aku.edu)
Develop mycetoma2
- People who develop mycetoma likely have a weakened immune system. (wikipedia.org)
- It is not known why some people develop mycetoma and others do not, but aspects of the environment and living conditions are likely involved. (cdc.gov)
Eumycotic mycetoma1
- Eumycotic Mycetoma: Characterized by destruction of soft tissue and formation of multiple granulomas that contain aggregates of fungi known as granules or grains. (brainscape.com)
Diagnosis5
- Noteworthy, the diagnosis of Mycetoma in non-endemic or low endemic areas as Europe and North Africa is challenging. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike bacterial acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, misdiagnosed or delayed diagnosis of Mycetoma osteomyelitis can result in amputation or radical resection. (wikipedia.org)
- MRI has recently emerged as a promising technique for early and prompt diagnosis of Mycetoma with the description of a highly specific sign called as "Dot in Circle" sign. (ukessays.com)
- On the basis of the above clinical and radiological findings, a diagnosis of mycetoma foot was put forward. (ukessays.com)
- The characteristic dot in circle sign (Figs. 6) was described and diagnosis of mycetoma foot was made. (ukessays.com)
Bacterial1
- Symptoms are similar for bacterial and fungal mycetoma. (cdc.gov)
Granulomatous1
- Histologically, mycetoma is often granulomatous and fibrosing and is the only clinical form of nocardiosis regularly associated with sulfur granules. (medscape.com)
DNDi1
- According to the DNDi, mycetoma is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas within the 'Mycetoma belt'-this endemic area is between the latitudes 15 degrees South and 30 degrees North. (cabi.org)
Grains4
- Mycetoma is diagnosed through microscopic examination of the grains in the nodule and by analysis of cultures. (wikipedia.org)
- Mycetoma is characterized by the formation of grains, which contain aggregates of the causative organisms that may be discharged onto the skin surface through multiple sinuses. (medscape.com)
- Mycetoma is characterized by nodules and sinus tracts that discharge watery fluid or pus containing grains. (homeobook.com)
- Often, mycetoma is described as a triad of tumefaction, sinus tract formation, and grains (sulfur granules). (medscape.com)
Endemic4
- Mycetoma is endemic in some regions of the tropics and subtropics. (wikipedia.org)
- Mycetoma found worldwide, it is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. (homeobook.com)
- Mycetoma is a serious global health issue affecting mostly young adults in developing countries, particularly those of low socioeconomic status and manual workers such as agriculturalists, labourers and herdsmen', said Takashi Owa, Ph.D., Chief Innovation Officer, Eisai Co., Ltd. 'As a human health care company, we are committed to developing a new treatment for this horrendous disease, thereby contributing to the lives of people in endemic areas. (edu.sd)
- Although there is limited research and no conclusion has been made about the effect of footwear on mycetoma prevention, it is accepted that footwear protects against penetrating injury and the WHO advises its use by people living in or travelling to endemic areas. (cabi.org)
Prevalence3
- More work needs to be done as little is known about the incidence and prevalence of mycetoma worldwide. (who.int)
- The incidence and prevalence of the disease has not been well known (mycetoma is not a notifiable disease and there are no surveillance mechanisms in place). (isntd.org)
- If health education and footwear could be the answer to mycetoma prevention, NGOs, such as The Shoe That Grows that donates footwear to individuals living in extreme poverty, may have an impact on reducing prevalence of mycetoma. (cabi.org)
Fungal disease1
- Mustafa Alnour Alhassan, 26, lost his leg to a flesh-eating fungal disease called mycetoma. (wuwm.com)
Fungi5
- Mycetoma is a disease caused by certain types of bacteria and fungi found in soil and water. (cdc.gov)
- The treatment for mycetoma includes antibiotics or antifungal medicine, depending on whether the disease is caused by bacteria or fungi. (cdc.gov)
- Mycetoma is produced by the introduction of microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) via localized trauma to the skin with thorns, wood splinters, or implantation with solid objects. (medscape.com)
- The bacteria and fungi causing mycetoma have a worldwide distribution in the soil and plant material found in tropical and subtropical areas. (homeobook.com)
- Mycetoma is caused by various species of fungi and bacteria. (homeobook.com)
Causative1
- All causative agents of fungal mycetoma are exosaprophytes that have penetrated deep into the tissue with a splinter of wood or a thorn. (wikitropica.org)
20163
- Following the recognition of mycetoma as a neglected tropical disease by the Sixty-ninth World Health Assembly in 2016 through adoption of resolution WHA 69.21, global measures have been initiated, including an assessment of current policies and practices in 164 countries, a global consultation to identify priority areas of work and the establishment of a Global Mycetoma Working Group. (who.int)
- Written in April 2016, this ISNTD Disease Brief sought to drive the advocacy for international coordination on mycetoma research and control and for this disease to be officially recognised as a Neglected Tropical Disease. (isntd.org)
- Since, the 2016 World Health Assembly adopted a resolution officially recognising mycetoma as a Neglected Tropical Disease, boosting the disease's prioritisation in the global health agenda. (isntd.org)
Belt3
- Mycetoma is a health problem in equatorial regions of Africa, Latin America, and Asia known as the "mycetoma belt. (cdc.gov)
- The mycetoma belt region is shaded in light green. (cdc.gov)
- Other countries with relatively high numbers that form part of the so-called mycetoma belt include the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Chad, Ethiopia, India, Mauritania, Mexico, Senegal, Somalia and Yemen. (who.int)
Subtropical areas1
- Mycetoma occurs mainly in tropical or subtropical areas, including the southern United States. (msdmanuals.com)
World Health Organ3
- Mycetoma is recognised by the World Health Organization as a neglected disease with serious long-term adverse health and economic effects. (springernature.app)
- While tuning in to the live broadcast of the Sixty-ninth World Health Assembly taking place at the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, mycetoma reached the discussion floor. (cabi.org)
- The 138th Executive Board of the World health Organization requested a mycetoma resolution to the World Health Assembly. (cabi.org)
India1
- Also in India, mycetoma is prevalent. (wikitropica.org)
Occurs1
- Mycetoma predominately occurs in farm workers, but it can also appear in the general population. (medscape.com)
Etiology1
- In 1860, Carter named the condition mycetoma, describing its fungal etiology. (medscape.com)
Sinus tracts1
- Mycetoma manifests as a tumorlike area of localized edema or massive enlargement, with erythema and multiple draining sinus tracts. (medscape.com)
Khartoum1
- Since the Mycetoma Research Center's clinic opened in Khartoum in 1991, 7,210 people have been diagnosed there. (wuwm.com)
Organisms2
- Mycetoma is acquired when organisms enter through sites of penetrating local trauma on bare skin of the feet or on the extremities or backs of workers carrying contaminated vegetation or other objects. (msdmanuals.com)
- In the United States, mycetoma is rare and is more commonly caused by P boydii than nocardial or other organisms. (medscape.com)
Antifungal1
- Treatment of mycetoma consists of a combination of a long term antifungal treatment with itraconazole and sur-gery. (eur.nl)
Stigma2
- Mycetoma can cause severe physical disabilities that can force people to stop working and cause stigma. (cdc.gov)
- Additionally, the associated stigma of mycetoma has severe socioeconomic consequences: children drop out of school, young adults encounter difficulties finding a job or a life partner, and psychological effects resonate well into adulthood due to a lack of health services. (columbia.edu)
Tropical disease4
- The disease burden and distribution of mycetoma-a neglected tropical disease-are not very well understood. (ipsnews.net)
- By categorizing mycetoma as a neglected tropical disease, wider recognition of the disease will lead to a boost in the development of control strategies and tools to be implemented in the areas where this disease is prevalent. (cabi.org)
- By being recognized as a neglected tropical disease, donors who fund research and medicine will no longer overlook mycetoma and steps will now be made to stop patients from suffering. (cabi.org)
- Background Mycetoma is an important neglected tropical disease associated with debilitation, disfigurement and death if not diagnosed and treated adequately. (aku.edu)
Bone2
Biopsy1
- A doctor can diagnose mycetoma by taking a small sample (biopsy) of the infected area of the body and sending it to a laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Patients3
- Physicians in these areas are usually unfamiliar with the disease-specific manifestations and need to exercise extra vigilance regarding those patients who are at high risk of contracting Mycetoma infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Nearly 20,000 cases and patients with mycetoma are now described in the literature going back to 1876. (gaffi.org)
- When the English physician Philip Manson described mycetoma in his seminal textbook from the 1950s, Manson's Tropical Diseases, he wrote that patients' limbs sprout "warty outgrowths resembling barnacles," and those tumors, dissected, contain strands "resembling the excrement of earthworms. (wuwm.com)
Sixty-ninth World Health A1
- At the Sixty-ninth World Health Assembly, a new resolution to help raise awareness of mycetoma was adopted . (cabi.org)