Misoprostol
Oxytocics
Administration, Intravaginal
Abortion, Induced
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Abortion, Incomplete
Cervical Ripening
Mifepristone
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Dilatation and Curettage
Uterine Hemorrhage
Labor, Induced
Pregnancy
Labor Stage, Third
Anti-Ulcer Agents
Oxytocin
Administration, Buccal
Cervix Uteri
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Prostaglandins E, Synthetic
Diclofenac
Endometritis
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional
Pregnancy Trimester, Second
Mauritania
Clostridium sordellii
Ergonovine
Menstruation-Inducing Agents
Teratology
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Once-a-month treatment with a combination of mifepristone and the prostaglandin analogue misoprostol. (1/308)
In this two centre study, the efficacy of 200 mg mifepristone orally followed 48 h later by 0.4 mg misoprostol orally for menstrual regulation was investigated. The dose of mifepristone was taken the day before the expected day of menstruation. Each volunteer was planned to participate for up to 6 months. A plasma beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was measured on the day of mifepristone intake. The study was disrupted prematurely due to low efficacy. In 125 treatment cycles the overall pregnancy rate was 17.6% (22 pregnancies) and the rate of continuing pregnancies (failure) was 4.0%. Eight women discontinued the study due to bleeding irregularities which were seen in 15 cycles (12%). These effects on bleeding pattern made the timing of treatment day difficult. Late luteal phase treatment with a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is not adequately effective for menstrual regulation. (+info)Prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy: clinical and economic implications of a single-tablet formulation of diclofenac/misoprostol. (2/308)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage arthritis. While controlling symptoms and improving quality of life, NSAID use is associated with gastroduodenal injury and a 2%-4% annual risk for symptomatic gastroduodenal ulceration, hemorrhage, and perforation. This requires clinicians to balance the efficacy of NSAIDs against the potential risk of serious gastrointestinal events. Identification and stratification of risk can help guide the optimal approach for arthritis management of individual patients or large populations such as managed care organizations. NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy carries considerable economic consequences; 46% of arthritis costs are related to managing serious adverse events. It is reasonable to assume that these costs may not be incurred if high-risk patients are recognized and optimally managed. Newer therapies with proven safety margins present an attractive option, especially for patients at higher risk. The single-tablet formulations of diclofenac and misoprostol (Arthrotec) offer an alternative in managing NSAID patients because of their inherent safety profile. Studies with diclofenac/misoprostol indicate its effectiveness in treating signs and symptoms of arthritis and in reducing the incidence of NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy. As such, this agent may provide improved medical and economic outcomes. This review discusses the clinical aspects of NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy, including available preventive therapies. Approaches to assessing patients' risk for developing complications, and the relationship of medical risk and economic outcomes, are also examined. Although not all patients require preventive therapy, patients with heightened risk may benefit clinically and economically from gastroprotective NSAIDs. Additional research or modeling may provide further insight into the economic implications of managing and preventing NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy. (+info)A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. (3/308)
This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) pills taken immediately after medical abortion on the duration of bleeding and complete abortion rate. Two hundred women in the first 49 days of pregnancy were given 200 mg mifepristone orally followed by 400 microg misoprostol vaginally 48 h later. One day later, they were randomized to receive either OC pills (30 microg of ethinyl oestradiol and 0.15 mg of levonorgestrel per tablet) or placebo for 21 days. The complete abortion rates were 98% in the OC group and 99% in the placebo group. The median duration of bleeding was similar: 17 (range: 5-57) days in the OC group and 16 (range: 6-55) days in the placebo group. In the OC group there was a small but significant fall in the haemoglobin concentration by 14 days (5.3 g/dl) after administration of mifepristone. The incidence of side-effects was similar in the two groups. We conclude that the use of OC pills does not decrease the duration of bleeding after medical abortion nor does it affect the abortion rate. (+info)Protection against aspirin-induced human gastric mucosal injury by bosentan, a new endothelin-1 receptor antagonist. (4/308)
BACKGROUND: Gastric ulceration induced by aspirin and by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a major clinical problem. The mechanism of injury is unclear. There is evidence that NSAID-induced injury may cause endothelin activation. Endothelin-induced vasoconstriction has been shown to be capable of causing gastric ulceration. AIM: To investigate whether acute gastroduodenal injury induced in humans by aspirin can be prevented by the endothelin-1 antagonist, bosentan. METHODS: Eighteen healthy volunteers each received 5 x 900 mg aspirin every 12 h on three separate occasions (with either placebo, bosentan 700 mg or misoprostol 400 mg). Treatment order was randomized by Latin square design. Subjects were endoscoped and erosions counted before and 90 min after the first and last dose of aspirin. Plasma concentrations of bosentan were measured up to 5 h post-dose. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the mean number of erosions in the aspirin plus bosentan and aspirin plus misoprostol groups after the first dose of aspirin, compared with controls (aspirin plus placebo) (P<0.05). This was not sustained after the fifth dose of aspirin in the aspirin plus placebo and aspirin plus bosentan groups, but was still present in the aspirin plus misoprostol group. The mean plasma concentration of bosentan measured 3.5 h post-dose fell from 4510 (95% CI: 2791-6230) ng/mL after the 1st dose to 2508 (95% CI: 1733-3283) ng/mL after the 5th dose (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Endothelin receptor antagonism by bosentan can protect the gastric mucosa against aspirin damage. After five doses, bosentan levels fell, possibly because of enzyme induction, and protection was no longer evident. Further investigation is needed to assess whether higher doses would be effective. (+info)Effect of glutamine on the intestinal permeability changes induced by indomethacin in humans. (5/308)
BACKGROUND: Long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake may induce increased intestinal permeability, eventually resulting in enteropathy. Because increased permeability might be related to cell damage resulting from energy depletion, it was hypothesized that glutamine--the major energy source of the intestinal mucosal cell--might prevent permeability changes. METHODS: The 6-h urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA after an oral load of 51Cr-EDTA was used in this study as a measure for intestinal permeability. Healthy volunteers underwent a series of permeability tests: (i) basal test; (ii) test following NSAID (indomethacin); (iii) test following NSAID in combination with glutamine and/or misoprostol. RESULTS: The NSAID induced increased permeability in all volunteers. Pre-treatment with glutamine (3x7 g daily, 1 week before NSAID-dosing) did not prevent the NSAID-induced increase in permeability. Multiple doses of glutamine close in time to NSAID-dosing resulted in significantly lower permeability compared to the NSAID without glutamine. Co-administration of misoprostol with the multiple-dose scheme of glutamine resulted in a further reduction in the NSAID-induced increase in permeability. CONCLUSIONS: Glutamine decreases the permeability changes caused by NSAID-dosing when it is administered close in time, and misoprostol has a synergistic effect. (+info)Does an acidic medium enhance the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming? (6/308)
Absorption pharmacokinetics reveal a relationship between plasma concentrations of misoprostol and its therapeutic effect. To achieve a constant plasma profile and optimal efficacy, it is important to develop a medium that ensures complete dissolution of vaginal misoprostol tablets. Vaginal misoprostol is said to liquefy better in an acidic medium; thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether a 200 microg misoprostol tablet dissolved in acetic acid would be more efficacious than 200 microg misoprostol dissolved in water for pre-abortion cervical priming. A total of 120 healthy nulliparous women requesting legal termination of pregnancy between 6-12 weeks gestation were allocated randomly to either of the study groups. Vacuum aspiration was performed 3-4 h after insertion of the misoprostol tablet. Using Hegar's dilator, the degree of cervical dilatation before operation was measured. Of 60 women, 14 (23%) achieved a cervical dilatation of >/=8 mm when the misoprostol dose was dissolved in acetic acid; 12 (20%) achieved a similar cervical dilatation when the dose was dissolved in water. The mean cervical dilatation for the acid and water media used was 6.3 mm and 6.2 mm respectively; these differences were not statistically significant, neither were pre-operative and intra-operative blood losses statistically different between the two groups. Twenty-four (40%) and four (7%) respectively of women in whom a water medium was used experienced vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain; 20 (33%) and 0 women respectively among those in whom an acetic acid medium was used experienced vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. These differences in side effects were not statistically significant. Our study shows that the use of acetic acid to dissolve vaginal misoprostol does not improve the efficacy in achieving successful cervical dilatation for pre-abortion cervical priming. (+info)The use of misoprostol for pre-operative cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration: a randomized trial. (7/308)
Misoprostol is effective for cervical priming prior to vacuum aspiration for first trimester termination of pregnancy. Previous studies showed that the oral route was more acceptable to patients but there were higher incidences of side-effects when compared with the vaginal route. This study is to determine the optimal dosage and route of administration of misoprostol for pre-operative cervical dilatation. A double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken for 225 nulliparous women with 8-12 weeks amenorrhoea. They were randomly assigned to groups given 0 (placebo), 200 or 400 microg oral or vaginal misoprostol 3 h prior to vacuum aspiration. In misoprostol-treated groups the baseline cervical dilatation was significantly increased when compared with the placebo group; the effect was dose-related in the oral but not in the vaginal group. The cumulative force and blood loss was significantly decreased in the misoprostol-treated groups. The incidences of side-effects were more frequent in misoprostol groups but were not related to the route and dosage of medication. The duration of procedure, incidences of post-operative complications, the duration of post-operative bleeding and the interval to the first period were similar in the five treatment groups. We conclude that a 3 h pre-treatment interval is effective for both oral and vaginal routes. When given orally, 400 microg is more effective than 200 microg. The efficacy was otherwise similar when compared with the vaginal route. We recommend 400 microg oral misoprostol 3 h prior to vacuum aspiration for cervical dilatation. (+info)Cyclooxygenase inhibitors increase Na-K-2Cl cotransporter abundance in thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. (8/308)
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as indomethacin and diclofenac, have well-described effects to enhance renal water reabsorption and urinary concentrating ability. Concentrating ability is regulated in part at the level of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, where active NaCl absorption drives the countercurrent multiplication mechanism. We used semiquantitative immunoblotting to test the effects of indomethacin and diclofenac, given over a 48-h period, on the expression levels of the ion transporters responsible for active NaCl transport in the thick ascending limb. Both agents strongly increased the expression level of the apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in both outer medulla and cortex. Neither agent significantly altered outer medullary expression levels of other thick ascending limb proteins, namely, the type 3 Na/H exchanger (NHE-3), Tamm-Horsfall protein, or alpha1- or beta1-subunits of the Na-K-ATPase. Administration of the EP3-selective PGE(2) analog, misoprostol, to indomethacin-treated rats reversed the stimulatory effect of indomethacin on Na-K-2Cl cotransporter expression. We conclude that cyclooxygenase inhibitors enhance urinary concentrating ability in part through effects to increase Na-K-2Cl cotransporter expression in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. This action is most likely due to elimination of an EP3-receptor-mediated tonic inhibitory effect of PGE(2) on cAMP production. (+info)Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog used in obstetrics and gynecology to prevent and treat ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduce the risk of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs long term, induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and cause abortion. It is also used off-label for cervical ripening before gynecologic surgery and to treat miscarriage.
In addition, Misoprostol has been found to be effective in reducing the risk of gastric ulcers and NSAID-induced dyspepsia (upper abdominal pain or discomfort) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions who require long-term NSAID therapy.
It is important to note that Misoprostol should not be used during pregnancy unless under the supervision of a healthcare provider for specific medical indications, such as preventing or treating stomach ulcers in pregnant women taking NSAIDs or inducing labor. It can cause miscarriage and birth defects if taken during early pregnancy.
Non-steroidal abortifacient agents are medications or substances that can cause abortion by interfering with the normal functioning of the hormones in the reproductive system. These agents do not contain steroids and work primarily by preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus or by causing the shedding of the uterine lining, leading to the termination of an early pregnancy.
Examples of non-steroidal abortifacient agents include:
1. Mifepristone (RU-486): This medication works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. When used in combination with another medication called misoprostol, it can cause an abortion during the early stages of pregnancy.
2. Misoprostol: This medication is primarily used to prevent and treat stomach ulcers but can also be used as an abortifacient agent. It causes uterine contractions and cervical dilation, leading to the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.
3. High-dose estrogen and progestin: These hormones can interfere with the normal functioning of the reproductive system and cause an early abortion when taken in high doses.
4. Herbal remedies: Certain herbs, such as pennyroyal, tansy, and savin, have been used traditionally as abortifacient agents. However, their effectiveness and safety are not well-established, and they can cause serious side effects or even death when taken in large quantities.
It is important to note that the use of non-steroidal abortifacient agents for the purpose of inducing an abortion should only be done under the supervision of a licensed healthcare provider, as there are potential risks and complications associated with their use. Additionally, some of these agents may be restricted or illegal in certain jurisdictions, so it is essential to comply with local laws and regulations regarding their use.
Oxytocics are a class of medications that stimulate the contraction of uterine smooth muscle. They are primarily used in obstetrics to induce or augment labor, and to control bleeding after childbirth. Oxytocin is the most commonly used oxytocic and is naturally produced by the posterior pituitary gland. Synthetic forms of oxytocin, such as Pitocin, are often used in medical settings to induce labor or reduce postpartum bleeding. Other medications with oxytocic properties include ergometrine and methylergometrine. It's important to note that the use of oxytocics should be monitored carefully as overuse can lead to excessive uterine contractions, which may compromise fetal oxygenation and increase the risk of uterine rupture.
Intravaginal administration refers to the delivery of medications or other substances directly into the vagina. This route of administration can be used for local treatment of vaginal infections or inflammation, or to deliver systemic medication that is absorbed through the vaginal mucosa.
Medications can be administered intravaginally using a variety of dosage forms, including creams, gels, foams, suppositories, and films. The choice of dosage form depends on several factors, such as the drug's physicochemical properties, the desired duration of action, and patient preference.
Intravaginal administration offers several advantages over other routes of administration. It allows for direct delivery of medication to the site of action, which can result in higher local concentrations and fewer systemic side effects. Additionally, some medications may be more effective when administered intravaginally due to their ability to bypass first-pass metabolism in the liver.
However, there are also potential disadvantages to intravaginal administration. Some women may find it uncomfortable or inconvenient to use this route of administration, and there is a risk of leakage or expulsion of the medication. Additionally, certain medications may cause local irritation or allergic reactions when administered intravaginally.
Overall, intravaginal administration can be a useful route of administration for certain medications and conditions, but it is important to consider the potential benefits and risks when choosing this method.
Sublingual administration refers to a route of delivering medication or other substances through placement under the tongue, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes located there. This method can allow for quick onset of action and avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver that may occur with oral administration. Common examples of sublingual medications include nitroglycerin for angina pectoris and certain forms of hormone replacement therapy.
Abortifacient agents, steroidal, refer to a type of medication or substance that is capable of inducing abortion or causing the termination of pregnancy by interfering with the implantation and maintenance of the fertilized ovum (embryo) or the development of the placenta. Steroidal abortifacient agents are synthetic derivatives of steroids, which have a similar structure to naturally occurring hormones in the human body.
The most commonly used steroidal abortifacient agent is mifepristone, also known as RU-486. Mifepristone works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone that is essential for maintaining pregnancy. By blocking the action of progesterone, mifepristone causes the shedding of the uterine lining and the expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus.
Steroidal abortifacient agents are typically used in the early stages of pregnancy, up to 10 weeks after the last menstrual period. They may be used alone or in combination with other medications, such as misoprostol, which helps to stimulate uterine contractions and expel the embryo or fetus from the uterus.
It is important to note that steroidal abortifacient agents are not the same as emergency contraceptives, which are used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Steroidal abortifacient agents are intended for use in cases where pregnancy has already occurred and is unwanted or poses a risk to the health of the mother or fetus.
Induced abortion is a medical procedure that intentionally terminates a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb. It can be performed either surgically or medically through the use of medications. The timing of an induced abortion is typically based on the gestational age of the pregnancy, with different methods used at different stages.
The most common surgical procedure for induced abortion is vacuum aspiration, which is usually performed during the first trimester (up to 12-13 weeks of gestation). This procedure involves dilating the cervix and using a vacuum device to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus. Other surgical procedures, such as dilation and evacuation (D&E), may be used in later stages of pregnancy.
Medical abortion involves the use of medications to induce the termination of a pregnancy. The most common regimen involves the use of two drugs: mifepristone and misoprostol. Mifepristone works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. Misoprostol causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy tissue. This method is typically used during the first 10 weeks of gestation.
Induced abortion is a safe and common medical procedure, with low rates of complications when performed by trained healthcare providers in appropriate settings. Access to induced abortion varies widely around the world, with some countries restricting or prohibiting the practice entirely.
Vacuum curettage is a medical procedure that involves the use of suction to remove tissue from the uterus. It is often used as a method of first-trimester abortion, or to treat abnormal uterine conditions such as miscarriage or retained placental tissue after childbirth. The cervix is dilated and a vacuum aspirator is inserted into the uterus to remove the contents using suction. This procedure may also be referred to as vacuum aspiration or suction curettage.
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant obstetrical complication defined as the loss of more than 500 milliliters of blood within the first 24 hours after childbirth, whether it occurs vaginally or through cesarean section. It can also be defined as a blood loss of more than 1000 mL in relation to the amount of blood lost during the procedure and the patient's baseline hematocrit level.
Postpartum hemorrhage is classified into two types: primary (early) PPH, which occurs within the first 24 hours after delivery, and secondary (late) PPH, which happens between 24 hours and 12 weeks postpartum. The most common causes of PPH are uterine atony, trauma to the genital tract, retained placental tissue, and coagulopathy.
Uterine atony is the inability of the uterus to contract effectively after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding. Trauma to the genital tract can occur during childbirth, causing lacerations or tears that may result in bleeding. Retained placental tissue refers to the remnants of the placenta left inside the uterus, which can cause infection and heavy bleeding. Coagulopathy is a condition where the blood has difficulty clotting, leading to uncontrolled bleeding.
Symptoms of PPH include excessive vaginal bleeding, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased urine output, and signs of shock such as confusion, rapid breathing, and pale skin. Treatment for PPH includes uterotonics, manual removal of retained placental tissue, repair of genital tract lacerations, blood transfusions, and surgery if necessary.
Preventing PPH involves proper antenatal care, monitoring high-risk pregnancies, active management of the third stage of labor, and prompt recognition and treatment of any bleeding complications during or after delivery.
An incomplete abortion is a medical term used to describe a situation where a pregnancy is expelled or terminated spontaneously or induced, but only partially. This means that some of the products of conception (i.e., the fetus, placenta, and associated membranes) are retained within the uterus.
Incomplete abortions can be caused by various factors, including complications during a medical or surgical abortion, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or infection. Symptoms of an incomplete abortion may include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, cramping, and the passage of tissue or clots.
Incomplete abortions are considered a medical emergency because they can lead to complications such as infection, hemorrhage, and infertility if left untreated. Treatment typically involves a surgical procedure called dilatation and curettage (D&C) to remove any remaining products of conception from the uterus. In some cases, medication may also be used to help complete the abortion and prevent infection.
Cervical ripening is a medical term that refers to the process of softening, thinning, and dilating (opening) the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This process typically occurs naturally in preparation for childbirth, as the body prepares for labor.
Cervical ripening can also be induced medically, using various methods such as prostaglandin gels or medications, or mechanical means such as a Foley catheter or dilators. These interventions are used to help prepare the cervix for delivery in cases where labor is not progressing on its own or when there is a medical indication to induce labor.
It's important to note that cervical ripening is different from labor induction, which involves stimulating uterine contractions to begin or strengthen labor. Cervical ripening may be a necessary step before labor induction can occur.
Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid that is used in the medical termination of pregnancy (also known as medication abortion or RU-486). It works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. Mifepristone is often used in combination with misoprostol to cause uterine contractions and expel the products of conception from the uterus.
It's also known as an antiprogestin or progesterone receptor modulator, which means it can bind to progesterone receptors in the body and block their activity. In addition to its use in pregnancy termination, mifepristone has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses in conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and hormone-dependent cancers.
It is important to note that Mifepristone should be administered under the supervision of a licensed healthcare professional and it is not available over the counter. Also, it has some contraindications and potential side effects, so it's essential to have a consultation with a doctor before taking this medication.
An abortifacient agent is a substance or drug that causes abortion by inducing the uterus to contract and expel a fetus. These agents can be chemical or herbal substances, and they work by interfering with the implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine lining or by stimulating uterine contractions to expel the developing embryo or fetus.
Examples of abortifacient agents include misoprostol, mifepristone, and certain herbs such as pennyroyal, tansy, and black cohosh. It is important to note that the use of abortifacient agents can have serious health consequences, including infection, bleeding, and damage to the reproductive system. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using any abortifacient agent.
The first trimester of pregnancy is defined as the period of gestational development that extends from conception (fertilization of the egg by sperm) to the end of the 13th week. This critical phase marks significant transformations in both the mother's body and the growing embryo/fetus.
During the first trimester, the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining (implantation), initiating a series of complex interactions leading to the formation of the placenta - an organ essential for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus while removing waste products. Simultaneously, the embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation, giving rise to various organs and systems. By the end of the first trimester, most major structures are present, although they continue to mature and grow throughout pregnancy.
The mother may experience several physiological changes during this time, including:
- Morning sickness (nausea and vomiting)
- Fatigue
- Breast tenderness
- Frequent urination
- Food aversions or cravings
- Mood swings
Additionally, hormonal shifts can cause various symptoms and prepare the body for potential changes in lactation, posture, and pelvic alignment as pregnancy progresses. Regular prenatal care is crucial during this period to monitor both maternal and fetal wellbeing, identify any potential complications early on, and provide appropriate guidance and support throughout the pregnancy.
Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) is a medical procedure commonly performed on the uterus. The term "dilatation" refers to the widening or opening of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This is achieved using dilators, which are gradually inserted into the cervical canal to stretch it open.
The term "curettage" refers to the scraping or suctioning out of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). A curette, a long, loop-shaped surgical instrument, is used to scrape the lining, or suction equipment may be used to remove the tissue.
A D&C procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the uterus, such as abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual periods, endometrial hyperplasia, or to remove residual tissue after a miscarriage or abortion. It's usually a minor surgical procedure that can be done in a hospital, clinic, or doctor's office, and is often performed under local anesthesia, conscious sedation, or general anesthesia depending on the situation and patient preference.
Uterine hemorrhage, also known as uterine bleeding or gynecological bleeding, is an abnormal loss of blood from the uterus. It can occur in various clinical settings such as menstruation (known as menorrhagia), postpartum period (postpartum hemorrhage), or in non-pregnant women (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). The bleeding may be light to heavy, intermittent or continuous, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, dizziness, or fainting. Uterine hemorrhage is a common gynecological problem that can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, coagulopathies, and malignancies. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Induced labor refers to the initiation of labor before it begins spontaneously, which is usually achieved through medical intervention. This process is initiated when there is a medically indicated reason to deliver the baby, such as maternal or fetal compromise, prolonged pregnancy, or reduced fetal movement. The most common methods used to induce labor include membrane stripping, prostaglandin administration, and oxytocin infusion. It's important to note that induced labor carries certain risks, including a higher chance of uterine hyperstimulation, infection, and the need for assisted vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Therefore, it should only be performed under the close supervision of a healthcare provider in a clinical setting.
Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.
Dilation, also known as dilatation, refers to the process of expanding or enlarging a body passage or cavity. In medical terms, it typically refers to the widening of a bodily opening or hollow organ, allowing for increased flow or access. This can occur naturally, such as during childbirth when the cervix dilates to allow for the passage of a baby, or it can be induced through medical procedures or interventions.
For example, dilation of the pupils is a natural response to darkness or certain medications, while dilation of blood vessels is a common side effect of some drugs and can also occur in response to changes in temperature or emotional state. Dilation of the stomach or intestines may be necessary for medical procedures such as endoscopies or surgeries.
It's important to note that dilation can also refer to the abnormal enlargement of a body part, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, which refers to an enlarged and weakened heart muscle.
Hysteroscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows healthcare professionals to examine the interior of the uterus (hyster(o)- and -scopy from Greek "womb" + "examination"). It is performed using a hysteroscope, which is a thin, lighted tube with a camera attached to its end. The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus, enabling the visualization of the uterine cavity and the detection of any abnormalities, such as polyps, fibroids, or structural issues like a septum.
Hysteroscopy can be performed in a doctor's office or an outpatient surgical center under local, regional, or general anesthesia depending on the situation and patient comfort. The procedure may also be used for minor surgical interventions, such as removing polyps or fibroids, or to assist with other procedures like laparoscopy.
In summary, hysteroscopy is a medical examination of the uterine cavity using a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope, which can aid in diagnosing and treating various conditions affecting the uterus.
Alprostadil is a synthetic form of prostaglandin E1, which is a naturally occurring substance in the body. It is used medically for several purposes, including:
1. Treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED): Alprostadil can be administered directly into the penis as an injection or inserted as a suppository into the urethra to help improve blood flow and achieve an erection.
2. Prevention of closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants: Alprostadil is used to keep the PDA open, allowing for proper blood flow between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, until surgery can be performed.
3. Treatment of peripheral arterial disease: Alprostadil can be administered intravenously to help improve blood flow in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Alprostadil works by relaxing smooth muscle tissue in blood vessels, which increases blood flow and helps to lower blood pressure. It may also have other effects on the body, such as reducing the risk of blood clots and modulating inflammation.
It is important to note that alprostadil should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects if not used properly.
The third stage of labor is the period between the delivery of the baby and the expulsion of the placenta. It is also known as the afterbirth stage. This stage is typically completed within 5-30 minutes, but can take up to an hour. During this stage, the uterus continues to contract, causing the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Once separated, the placenta is expelled from the body with the help of contractions and a strong push from the mother. It is important for medical professionals to monitor this stage closely to ensure that the entire placenta is expelled and to manage any potential complications, such as heavy bleeding.
Anti-ulcer agents are a class of medications that are used to treat and prevent ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract. These medications work by reducing the production of stomach acid, neutralizing stomach acid, or protecting the lining of the stomach and duodenum from damage caused by stomach acid.
There are several types of anti-ulcer agents, including:
1. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These medications block the action of proton pumps in the stomach, which are responsible for producing stomach acid. PPIs include drugs such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole.
2. H-2 receptor antagonists: These medications block the action of histamine on the H-2 receptors in the stomach, reducing the production of stomach acid. Examples include ranitidine, famotidine, and cimetidine.
3. Antacids: These medications neutralize stomach acid and provide quick relief from symptoms such as heartburn and indigestion. Common antacids include calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.
4. Protective agents: These medications form a barrier between the stomach lining and stomach acid, protecting the lining from damage. Examples include sucralfate and misoprostol.
Anti-ulcer agents are used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is important to take these medications as directed by a healthcare provider, as they can have side effects and interactions with other medications.
Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including social bonding, childbirth, and breastfeeding. During childbirth, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to facilitate labor and delivery. After giving birth, oxytocin continues to be released in large amounts during breastfeeding, promoting milk letdown and contributing to the development of the maternal-infant bond.
In social contexts, oxytocin has been referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone," as it is involved in social bonding, trust, and attachment. It can be released during physical touch, such as hugging or cuddling, and may contribute to feelings of warmth and closeness between individuals.
In addition to its roles in childbirth, breastfeeding, and social bonding, oxytocin has been implicated in other physiological functions, including regulating blood pressure, reducing anxiety, and modulating pain perception.
Oral administration is a route of giving medications or other substances by mouth. This can be in the form of tablets, capsules, liquids, pastes, or other forms that can be swallowed. Once ingested, the substance is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream to reach its intended target site in the body. Oral administration is a common and convenient route of medication delivery, but it may not be appropriate for all substances or in certain situations, such as when rapid onset of action is required or when the patient has difficulty swallowing.
Buccal administration refers to the route of delivering a medication or drug through the buccal mucosa, which is the lining of the inner cheek in the mouth. This route allows for the medication to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism, which can result in faster onset of action and potentially higher bioavailability.
Buccal administration can be achieved through various forms of dosage forms such as lozenges, tablets, films, or sprays that are placed in contact with the buccal mucosa for a certain period of time until they dissolve or disintegrate and release the active ingredient. This route is commonly used for medications that require a rapid onset of action, have poor oral bioavailability, or are irritating to the gastrointestinal tract.
It's important to note that buccal administration may not be appropriate for all medications, as some drugs may be inactivated by saliva or may cause local irritation or discomfort. Therefore, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using any medication through this route.
The cervix uteri, often simply referred to as the cervix, is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that connects to the vagina. It has an opening called the external os through which menstrual blood exits the uterus and sperm enters during sexual intercourse. During childbirth, the cervix dilates or opens to allow for the passage of the baby through the birth canal.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. They work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that contribute to inflammation and cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to symptoms such as pain, redness, warmth, and swelling.
NSAIDs are commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, muscle strains and sprains, menstrual cramps, headaches, and fever. Some examples of NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.
While NSAIDs are generally safe and effective when used as directed, they can have side effects, particularly when taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Common side effects include stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using NSAIDs.
Prostaglandins E, Synthetic are a class of medications that mimic the effects of natural prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances involved in various bodily functions, including inflammation, pain perception, and regulation of the female reproductive system. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is one of the most commonly synthesized prostaglandins used in medical treatments.
Synthetic prostaglandins E are often used for their vasodilatory effects, which help to improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure. They may also be used to prevent or treat blood clots, as well as to manage certain conditions related to the female reproductive system, such as inducing labor or causing an abortion.
Some examples of synthetic prostaglandins E include misoprostol (Cytotec), dinoprostone (Cervidil, Prepidil), and alprostadil (Edex, Caverject). These medications are available in various forms, such as tablets, suppositories, or injectable solutions, and their use depends on the specific medical condition being treated.
It is important to note that synthetic prostaglandins E can have significant side effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms (such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), abdominal pain, and uterine contractions. Therefore, they should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that cause pain and inflammation in the body. Diclofenac is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, suppositories, topical creams, gels, and patches.
The medical definition of Diclofenac is:
Diclofenac sodium: A sodium salt of diclofenac, a phenylacetic acid derivative that is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. It is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other conditions. Diclofenac sodium has also been used to treat actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition. It is available by prescription in various forms, including oral tablets, capsules, topical creams, gels, and patches.
Endometritis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the endometrium, which is the innermost layer of the uterus. It is often caused by infections, such as bacterial or fungal infections, that enter the uterus through various routes, including childbirth, miscarriage, or surgical procedures.
The symptoms of endometritis may include abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, fever, and abdominal cramping. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or sepsis. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics to clear the infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and promote healing.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of endometritis, as prompt treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.
A "missed abortion" is a medical term used to describe a pregnancy in which the fetus has died or failed to develop, but the products of conception (i.e., the placenta and gestational sac) remain in the uterus. This condition is also sometimes referred to as a "silent miscarriage" or "delayed miscarriage." In a missed abortion, there may be no symptoms or only very mild ones, such as vaginal bleeding or the passing of tissue. The diagnosis is typically made through an ultrasound exam that shows an empty gestational sac or a non-viable fetus. Treatment options include waiting for the body to expel the products of conception naturally, taking medication to induce expulsion, or undergoing a surgical procedure to remove the products of conception.
Tibetan traditional medicine, also known as Sowa Rigpa, is a form of traditional healing practiced in Tibet, Mongolia, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and parts of Russia for over 2500 years. It is a holistic medical system that combines spiritual, philosophical, and religious principles with an empirical understanding of the body, diseases, and natural remedies.
Tibetan traditional medicine recognizes three main energies or "nyespa" in the human body: lung (wind), tripa (bile), and peken (phlegm). These energies are responsible for maintaining balance and health in the body. Illness occurs when there is an imbalance or blockage of these energies, leading to physical or mental disorders.
The treatment methods used in Tibetan traditional medicine include a variety of therapies such as herbal remedies, dietary recommendations, lifestyle changes, external therapies (such as moxibustion, cupping, and acupuncture), and spiritual practices. The medicines are derived from natural sources such as plants, minerals, and animals.
The diagnosis in Tibetan traditional medicine is based on a detailed examination of the patient's pulse, urine, tongue, and physical appearance, as well as their medical history and lifestyle factors. This comprehensive approach allows practitioners to identify the underlying causes of illness and develop personalized treatment plans for each individual.
The second trimester of pregnancy is the period between the completion of 12 weeks (the end of the first trimester) and 26 weeks (the beginning of the third trimester) of gestational age. It is often considered the most comfortable period for many pregnant women as the risk of miscarriage decreases significantly, and the symptoms experienced during the first trimester, such as nausea and fatigue, typically improve.
During this time, the uterus expands above the pubic bone, allowing more space for the growing fetus. The fetal development in the second trimester includes significant growth in size and weight, formation of all major organs, and the beginning of movement sensations that the mother can feel. Additionally, the fetus starts to hear, swallow and kick, and the skin is covered with a protective coating called vernix.
Prenatal care during this period typically includes regular prenatal appointments to monitor the mother's health and the baby's growth and development. These appointments may include measurements of the uterus, fetal heart rate monitoring, and screening tests for genetic disorders or other potential issues.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mauritania" is not a medical term. It's actually the name of a country located in Northwest Africa, known officially as the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I'd be happy to help with those!
'Clostridium sordellii' is a gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium. It is part of the normal microbiota found in the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. However, it can cause severe and potentially fatal infections in humans, such as sepsis, myonecrosis (gas gangrene), and soft tissue infections. These infections are more commonly associated with contaminated wounds, surgical sites, or drug use (particularly black tar heroin). The bacterium produces powerful toxins that contribute to its virulence and can lead to rapid progression of the infection. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment, which typically involves antibiotics, surgical debridement, and supportive care.
Ergonovine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called ergot alkaloids. It is derived from the ergot fungus and is used in medical settings as a uterotonic agent, which means it causes the uterus to contract. Ergonovine is often used after childbirth to help the uterus return to its normal size and reduce bleeding.
Ergonovine works by binding to specific receptors in the smooth muscle of the uterus, causing it to contract. It has a potent effect on the uterus and can also cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) in other parts of the body. This is why ergonovine is sometimes used to treat severe bleeding caused by conditions such as uterine fibroids or ectopic pregnancy.
Like other ergot alkaloids, ergonovine can have serious side effects if not used carefully. It should be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare provider and should not be used in women with certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Ergonovine can also interact with other medications, so it's important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before receiving this drug.
Home childbirth, also known as home birth, refers to the process of giving birth in a private residence, such as one's own home, rather than in a healthcare facility like a hospital or birth center. Home childbirth is typically attended by a midwife, who provides prenatal care, attends the birth, and offers postpartum care. In some cases, a doctor may also be present at a home birth. It's important to note that home birth is not legal in all countries or regions, and even where it is legal, it may not be covered by insurance. Home childbirth carries inherent risks and should only be considered after careful consultation with healthcare providers.
Menstruation-inducing agents, also known as menstrual induction agents or abortifacients, are medications or substances that stimulate or induce menstruation and can potentially lead to the termination of an early pregnancy. These agents work by causing the uterus to contract and expel its lining (endometrium), which is shed during menstruation.
Common menstruation-inducing agents include:
1. Hormonal medications: Combination oral contraceptives, containing both estrogen and progestin, can be used to induce menstruation by causing the uterus to shed its lining after a planned break from taking the medication. This is often used in birth control methods like the "birth control pill pack."
2. Prostaglandins: These are naturally occurring hormone-like substances that can cause the uterus to contract. Synthetic prostaglandin analogs, such as misoprostol (Cytotec), can be used to induce menstruation or early pregnancy termination.
3. Mifepristone: This is a synthetic steroid hormone that blocks progesterone receptors in the body. When used in combination with prostaglandins, it can cause the uterus to contract and expel its lining, leading to an abortion or inducing menstruation.
It's important to note that using menstruation-inducing agents without medical supervision or for purposes other than their intended use may pose health risks and should be avoided. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any medication for this purpose.
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of growth and development, especially those that are caused by exogenous agents during pregnancy such as drugs, chemicals, infections, or radiation. These abnormalities may result in structural malformations, functional deficits, or behavioral disorders in the developing fetus. The term "teratology" is derived from the Greek word "teras," which means monster or marvel, and "logos," which means study. In medical contexts, teratology often refers to the production of monstrous or malformed offspring.
Teratogens are substances, such as certain medications, chemicals, or infectious agents, that can cause birth defects or abnormalities in the developing fetus when a woman is exposed to them during pregnancy. They can interfere with the normal development of the fetus and lead to a range of problems, including physical deformities, intellectual disabilities, and sensory impairments. Examples of teratogens include alcohol, tobacco smoke, some prescription medications, and infections like rubella (German measles). It is important for women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant to avoid exposure to known teratogens as much as possible.
"Drug-induced abnormalities" refer to physical or physiological changes that occur as a result of taking medication or drugs. These abnormalities can affect various organs and systems in the body and can range from minor symptoms, such as nausea or dizziness, to more serious conditions, such as liver damage or heart rhythm disturbances.
Drug-induced abnormalities can occur for several reasons, including:
1. Direct toxicity: Some drugs can directly damage cells and tissues in the body, leading to abnormalities.
2. Altered metabolism: Drugs can interfere with normal metabolic processes in the body, leading to the accumulation of harmful substances or the depletion of essential nutrients.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Some drugs can affect hormone levels in the body, leading to abnormalities.
4. Allergic reactions: Some people may have allergic reactions to certain drugs, which can cause a range of symptoms, including rashes, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
5. Interactions with other drugs: Taking multiple medications or drugs at the same time can increase the risk of drug-induced abnormalities.
It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for signs of drug-induced abnormalities and to adjust medication dosages or switch to alternative treatments as necessary. Patients should also inform their healthcare providers of any symptoms they experience while taking medication, as these may be related to drug-induced abnormalities.
Misoprostol
Self-induced abortion
Naari
Abortifacient
Adverse effect
Uterotonic
Friday Okonofua
Uterine atony
Abortion in Venezuela
Gastritis
Miscarriage
Postpartum bleeding
Septic abortion
Cervical effacement
Gender inequality in Sri Lanka
Asherman's syndrome
Intact dilation and extraction
Rape
Cervical dilation
Labor induction
Abortion
Mifepristone
Women on Web
Abortion in Kazakhstan
Hysteroscopy
Obstetrics
Prostaglandin EP2 receptor
Hormonal intrauterine device
List of drugs known for off-label use
MMP9
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First-trimester medical abortion with mifepristone 200 mg and misoprostol: a systematic review
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Patient Information for Misoprostol | North York General Hospital
Misoprostol and Teratogenicity: Reviewing the Evidence - Gynuity Health Projects
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Use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology. {Australie}. Revue. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2000 Aug;55(8):503-10.
Generic misoprostol2
- However gastritis dogs generic misoprostol 200 mcg without a prescription, regular tracheostomy care and frequent deflations of the cuff are essential to forestall problems. (dnahelix.com)
- Plenty of generic misoprostol preparations are available and are labelled for use for reproductive health indications. (misoprostol.org)
Pregnancy22
- It is not inherently unsafe if medically supervised, but 1% of women will have heavy bleeding requiring medical attention, some women may have ectopic pregnancy, and the 12% of pregnancies that continue after misoprostol failure are more likely to have birth defects and are usually followed up with a more effective method of abortion. (wikipedia.org)
- Our aim was to summarize extant data on the effectiveness and safety of regimens using the widely recommended lower mifepristone dose, 200 mg, followed by misoprostol in early pregnancy and to explore potential correlates of abortion failure. (nih.gov)
- After 24 hours, the Misoprostol is taken, which relaxes and opens the cervix and causes contractions in the uterus, helping to expel the pregnancy from the body. (womenonweb.org)
- In the event you need to seek medical attention, Misoprostol will not show up on any blood tests and therefore there is no way to prove you have tried to terminate your pregnancy. (womenonweb.org)
- When used as recommended, abortion with Misoprostol is 85% effective, depending on the length of the pregnancy. (womenonweb.org)
- Misoprostol/Cytotec is available at some local pharmacies and this may be a safer option to terminate your pregnancy as you'll have faster access to the medication. (womenonweb.org)
- Occasionally some pregnancy tissue may still be present, and you may be offered a surgical option called a dilation and curettage (D&C), or a repeat dose of Misoprostol to ensure that all the tissue is passed. (nygh.on.ca)
- The medical community and women's health advocates have expressed concern that in those instances where the woman has a failed abortion and then continues the pregnancy to term, the exposure to misoprostol could potentially result in birth defects in the child. (gynuity.org)
- Misoprostol exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy: Is the malformation risk varying depending on the indication? (misoprostol.org)
- A large number of studies have shown that misoprostol is effective in first and second trimester abortion, late pregnancy labor induction, and third stage of labor management (misoprostol has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for these indications). (afar.info)
- A retrospective review of pregnancy outcome after misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) induction of labour. (afar.info)
- In case of pregnancy until 49 days, one dose of 200 mg mifepristone followed by a vaginal application of 800 μg misoprostol 24-48 hours later is sufficient to evoke abortion. (trc-p.nl)
- The "abortion pill" is the generic name for two different drugs used to terminate a pregnancy: mifepristone and misoprostol. (thehealthforum.org)
- If you're facing an unplanned pregnancy and your state has been affected by the mifepristone ban, you may be wondering if a misoprostol-only abortion is the right choice for you. (athenspregnancy.com)
- Misoprostol is taken 24-48 hours later, which causes the uterus to cramp, bleed, and expel the pregnancy. (athenspregnancy.com)
- You pill tea inclined sickness to will buys Misoprostol Legally milk vomiting feeling pregnancy, especially to whole myself, actually months. (theibway.com)
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- Diclofenac/misoprostol during early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a Danish nationwide cohort study. (bvsalud.org)
- The aim of the study was to investigate if early pregnancy exposure to oral diclofenac / misoprostol was associated with miscarriage . (bvsalud.org)
- Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the hazard of miscarriage in women exposed to diclofenac / misoprostol in early pregnancy . (bvsalud.org)
- One hundred sixty-six were exposed to diclofenac / misoprostol in the early pregnancy of which 28.3 % (47) ended up in a miscarriage compared to 10.6 % among unexposed. (bvsalud.org)
- We found an increased risk of miscarriage after exposure to diclofenac / misoprostol during the early pregnancy . (bvsalud.org)
Tablets14
- Misoprostol Tablets should not be used for reducing the risk of NSAID-induced ulcers in women of childbearing potential unless the patient is at high risk of complications from gastric ulcers associated with use of the NSAID, or is at high risk of developing gastric ulceration. (nih.gov)
- has received both oral and written warnings of the hazards of Misoprostol Tablets, the risk of possible contraception failure, and the danger to other women of childbearing potential should the drug be taken by mistake. (nih.gov)
- will begin Misoprostol Tablets only on the second or third day of the next normal menstrual period. (nih.gov)
- Misoprostol oral tablets contain either 100 mcg or 200 mcg of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog. (nih.gov)
- A home birth kit should contain: sterile scalpel (or shaving knife), 2 very clean threads, and three tablets of misoprostol. (womenonwaves.org)
- 2. Put 3 Misoprostol tablets of 200 mcg under the women's tongue. (womenonwaves.org)
- If the woman starts bleeding heavily, she can use an extra 4 tablets of misoprostol under the tongue to try stop the bleeding (treatment for PPH). (womenonwaves.org)
- If Mifepristone is not available, an abortion can also be done using only Misoprostol pills (also called Cytotec tablets). (womenonweb.org)
- In order to self-manage an abortion up to 12 weeks using only Misoprostol, you will need 12 tablets within a 6-7-hour period. (womenonweb.org)
- One of the dosage forms available for Misoprostol is Gourmeds Chewable Tablets. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
- 1 strength of Misoprostol Gourmeds Chewable Tablets is available in 1400 mcg/tab. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
- Each dose of misoprostol consists of four tablets. (nygh.on.ca)
- The pharmacokinetic profiles of diclofenac and misoprostol administered as a combination product is similar to the profiles when the two drugs are administered as separate tablets. (syrianclinic.com)
- I'm very satisfied with my Misoprostol tablets. (reliablechemist.com)
Prostaglandin E 1 analog1
- Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E 1 analog, is used to decrease gastric secretion and increase uterine contraction frequency in both veterinary and human medicine. (vin.com)
Diclofenac12
- Misoprostol is sometimes coprescribed with NSAIDs to prevent their common adverse effect of gastric ulceration (e.g., with diclofenac in Arthrotec). (wikipedia.org)
- Drug interaction studies between misoprostol and several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs showed no effect on the kinetics of ibuprofen or diclofenac, and a 20% decrease in aspirin AUC, not thought to be clinically significant. (nih.gov)
- Fass environmental information for misoprostol from Arthrotec (diclofenac, misoprostol), Pfizer (downloaded 2023-06-19). (janusinfo.se)
- Scholars@Duke publication: A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac plus misoprostol versus acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. (duke.edu)
- OBJECTIVE: To perform a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac + misoprostol versus acetaminophen in ambulatory patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. (duke.edu)
- Patients were randomized to one of two groups, 75 mg diclofenac + 200 microg misoprostol twice daily or 1,000 mg acetaminophen 4 times daily (each for 6 weeks), and were then crossed over to the other treatment for 6 weeks. (duke.edu)
- Adverse events were more common when patients took diclofenac + misoprostol (P = 0.046). (duke.edu)
- Differences favoring diclofenac + misoprostol over acetaminophen were greater in patients with more severe osteoarthritis according to baseline pain scores, radiographs, or number of involved joints. (duke.edu)
- CONCLUSION: Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee had significantly greater improvements in pain scores over 6 weeks with diclofenac + misoprostol than with acetaminophen, although patients with mild osteoarthritis had similar improvements with both drugs. (duke.edu)
- Misoprostol can be used in the prevention of gastric ulcer in treatment with diclofenac and is used in rheumatic diseases . (bvsalud.org)
- The adjusted hazard ratio of having a miscarriage after exposure to diclofenac / misoprostol in the first trimester was 3.6 (CI 95 % 2.6-4.9). (bvsalud.org)
- Women in the fertile age should not be treated with the combination of diclofenac / misoprostol if other options were available. (bvsalud.org)
Medical abortion with mifepristone2
Postpartum4
- Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin medication used to prevent and treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, induce labor, cause an abortion, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
- Hosted by MSH, Gynuity Health Projects, and Jhpiego, this one-hour webinar shared innovations - interventions, technologies, and distribution approaches - that have the potential to increase access to and use of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of maternal death. (msh.org)
- The results demonstrate that the distribution of misoprostol through antenatal care visits increased the number of women who received protection from postpartum hemorrhage and is a key opportunity to reach more mothers with safe motherhood messages and ultimately reduce maternal deaths. (berkeley.edu)
- Close monitoring of the foetus, in patients with misoprostol induction, is needed to detect foetal distress and prophylaxis against postpartum haemorrhage is still mandatory. (afar.info)
Dose7
- There is high variability of plasma levels of misoprostol acid between and within studies but mean values after single doses show a linear relationship with dose over the range of 200 to 400 mcg. (nih.gov)
- Maximum plasma concentrations of misoprostol acid are diminished when the dose is taken with food and total availability of misoprostol acid is reduced by use of concomitant antacid. (nih.gov)
- 8 weeks, the specified interval between mifepristone and misoprostol was less than 24 h, the total misoprostol dose was 400 mcg (rather than higher), or the misoprostol was administered by the oral route (rather than by vaginal, buccal, or sublingual routes). (nih.gov)
- The recommended adult dose of misoprostol ranges from 400 µg to 800 µg daily, taken in 2 to 4 equally divided doses (e.g., 100 µg 4 times daily, 200 µg twice daily, 200 µg 4 times daily). (medbroadcast.com)
- Misoprostol was approved for PPH treatment at a dose of 800mcg sublingually by the European Medicines Agency in April 2014. (misoprostol.org)
- Our objectives were to compare the pharmacokinetics between repeated doses and to characterize changes in the fecal microbiome after oral and rectal multi-dose misoprostol administration in 6 healthy university-owned geldings. (auburn.edu)
- LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to identify the various uses of misoprostol, to describe the potential complications of misoprostol use and its teratogenic effects, to compare the various routes of administration, and to define the appropriate dose. (afar.info)
Administration of misoprostol2
- However, there remains some controversy concerning the dosage, the mode, and interval of administration of misoprostol. (hindawi.com)
- Overall, differences in systemic exposure were associated with route of administration, but were not detected after repeated administration of misoprostol. (auburn.edu)
Uterus3
- Misoprostol then dilates the cervix and induces muscle contractions which clear the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
- Misoprostol is an analogue of prostaglandin E1 and binds to prostaglandin receptors in the uterus activating the smooth muscles. (trc-p.nl)
- Since misoprostol causes contractions of the uterus , it can also be used to induce abortions when administrated vaginally. (bvsalud.org)
Skip1
- In a misoprostol-only abortion, you skip the mifepristone and take multiple doses of misoprostol instead. (athenspregnancy.com)
Abortions7
- Misoprostol is used either alone or in conjunction with another medication (mifepristone or methotrexate) for medical abortions as an alternative to surgical abortion. (wikipedia.org)
- The World Health Organization (WHO) provides clear guidelines on the use, benefits and risks of misoprostol for abortions. (wikipedia.org)
- We propose that promoting the use of misoprostol for abortion using a harm reduction approach could dramatically increase access to safer abortions. (ipas.org)
- Serious complications such as teratogenesis after failed abortions and uterine rupture during second trimester abortions and third trimester labor induction have been reported as the result of increasingly wide use of misoprostol in obstetric and gynecology practice. (afar.info)
- In response, some women have turned to misoprostol-only abortions. (athenspregnancy.com)
- In this article, we'll explore how misoprostol-only abortions work, their risks and side effects, and help you take your next steps. (athenspregnancy.com)
- Are Misoprostol Only Abortions Safe? (athenspregnancy.com)
Tablet2
- In Group I, 25 μ g of misoprostol tablet was placed intravaginally, 4 hourly up to maximum 6 doses. (hindawi.com)
- Each round, white, flat-faced, bevelled-edged tablet engraved 'MISO' over '100' on one side contains 100 µg misoprostol. (medbroadcast.com)
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- Speak to your doctor beforehand and never order misoprostol online without a prescription. (athenspregnancy.com)
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Ulcers6
- Misoprostol is used for the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. (wikipedia.org)
- Because other classes of drugs, especially H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors, are more effective for the treatment of acute peptic ulcers, misoprostol is only indicated for use by people who are both taking NSAIDs and are at high risk for NSAID-induced ulcers, including the elderly and people with ulcer complications. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] However, even in the treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers, omeprazole proved to be at least as effective as misoprostol, but was significantly better tolerated, so misoprostol should not be considered a first-line treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- However Cytotec, the original misoprostol brand, was only approved for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers. (misoprostol.org)
- Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue, is administered to treat glandular gastric ulcers in horses and may possess anti-inflammatory properties. (auburn.edu)
- Buy Misoprost (Misoprostol), Misoprostol is employed to stop gastric ulcers resulting from treatment with pain-killers/NSAIDs (non-ste**dal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin). (reliablechemist.com)
Pregnancies2
- To identify eligible reports, we searched Medline, reviewed reference lists of published reports, and contacted experts to identify all prospective trials of any design of medical abortion using 200 mg mifepristone followed by misoprostol in women with viable pregnancies up to 63 days' gestation. (nih.gov)
- In fact, women have chosen to self-administer misoprostol to terminate their pregnancies, particularly in settings where abortion services are not available. (gynuity.org)
Pills12
- Everything you need to know about Mifepristone and Misoprostol abortion pills. (womenonweb.org)
- The abortion pills are a combination of two medicines: Mifepristone and Misoprostol. (womenonweb.org)
- Then 24-48 hours later you take the misoprostol pills which cause cramping and bleeding and help empty the tissue from your body. (womenonweb.org)
- A medical abortion using Mifepristone and Misoprostol abortion pills is the most common and effective method. (womenonweb.org)
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Contractions1
- Misoprostol causes contractions of the womb. (womenonwaves.org)
Medication2
- There are currently multiple dedicated Misoprostol products on the global medication market. (misoprostol.org)
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Trimester2
- Misoprostol can also be used to dilate the cervix in preparation for a surgical abortion, particularly in the second trimester (either alone or in combination with laminaria stents). (wikipedia.org)
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Gestation4
- citation needed] Misoprostol alone is less effective (typically 88% up to eight-weeks gestation). (wikipedia.org)
- Misoprostol alone may be more effective in earlier gestation. (wikipedia.org)
- With missed, incomplete, or inevitable abortion present before 13 weeks' gestation, treatment may include misoprostol as an alternative to surgery or performance of suction dilation and curettage. (medscape.com)
- The gestational age allows sufficient time for the woman to take the misoprostol no later than 84 days of gestation. (who.int)
Synthetic2
- Misoprostol belongs to the class of medications called synthetic prostaglandins . (medbroadcast.com)
- Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin that acts just like the natural prostaglandin found in your body. (medbroadcast.com)
Teratogenic effects1
- Given this controversy in the field, a select number of experts from the fields of embryology, obstetrics and gynecology, epidemiology, teratology, physiology, and drug development gathered in May 2002 to discuss the possible teratogenic effects of misoprostol. (gynuity.org)
Drugs2
- A community compounding pharmacist prepared the two drugs into a fine powder, consisting of 0.0024% misoprostol and 2% phenytoin. (vin.com)
- Misoprostol, like the vast majority of drugs, has potential adverse effects. (misoprostol.org)
Vaginal insert1
- Between 2002 and 2012, a misoprostol vaginal insert was studied, and was approved in the EU. (wikipedia.org)
Complications1
- Misoprostol helps to decrease your risk of serious ulcer complications such as bleeding . (com.pk)
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Obstetrics1
- This independent site has been set up to distribute dosage guidlines for the use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynaecology. (misoprostol.org)
Intravaginal4
- To compare the efficacy and safety of intravaginal misoprostol with transcervical Foley catheter for labour induction. (hindawi.com)
- Intravaginal misoprostol is associated with a shorter induction to delivery interval as compared to Foley's catheter and it increases the rate of vaginal delivery in cases of unripe cervix at term. (hindawi.com)
- The most common methods of labour induction when the status of cervix is unfavourable involve intravaginal use of misoprostol, transcervical insertion of Foley's catheter, and insertion of prostaglandin gel whereas with a ripe cervix oxytocin may be administered intravenously. (hindawi.com)
- Danco Laboratories, New York, New York) and intravaginal misoprostol ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Uterine3
- When administered prior to myomectomy in women with uterine fibroids, misoprostol reduces operative blood loss and requirement of blood transfusion. (wikipedia.org)
- Uterine hyperstimulation was more common with misoprostol. (hindawi.com)
- In the case of women who have previously undergone a caesarean section and thereby run an increased risk for uterine rupture in connection with vaginal delivery, induction of labour with misoprostol may further enhance this risk and is not recommended. (hindawi.com)
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Doses2
- Misoprostol-induced diarrhea and the need for multiple daily doses (typically four) are the main issues impairing compliance with therapy. (wikipedia.org)
- In a randomized, cross-over study, misoprostol (5 g/kg) was administered orally or rectally every 8 hours for 10 doses, or not administered (control), with a 21-day washout between treatments. (auburn.edu)
Dosage2
- Misoprostol is also available in these dosage forms. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
- Because misoprostol is not registered for such use, it has not undergone the extensive testing for appropriate dosage and safety required for registration. (afar.info)
Induction5
- medical citation needed] Misoprostol is commonly used for labor induction. (wikipedia.org)
- It was not approved for use in the United States, and the US FDA still considers cervical ripening and labor induction to be outside of the approved uses for misoprostol. (wikipedia.org)
- thus there has been increasing interest in misoprostol for use as a pharmacological agent for labour induction. (hindawi.com)
- The aim of this study is the comparison of vaginal misoprostol and transcervical Foley's catheter for induction of labour. (hindawi.com)
- In conclusion, there was a significantly lower Caesarean section rate among patients who had once daily misoprostol induction of labour. (afar.info)
Outcome1
- This retrospective study looked at the outcome of using 50-100 micrograms misoprostol once daily to induce labour compared to the outcome of the overall patient population delivered during the same period (1994-1996). (afar.info)
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Peptic2
- Misoprostol is prostaglandin E1 analogous and marketed for prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer disease. (afar.info)
- Avoid alcohol while using mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion or for treatment of peptic ulcer. (reliablechemist.com)
Versus4
- The rate of vaginal delivery was 76.7% versus 56.8% in misoprostol and transcervical Foley catheter group, respectively. (hindawi.com)
- Results showed a significantly lower mean Caesarean section rate: 9.3% for the misoprostol group versus 13.3% for the overall population (p = 0.002, Odds Ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% CI 0.53, 0.83). (afar.info)
- The abruption rates were not significantly different: 0.8% for misoprostol versus 0.4% (p = 0.09, OR 1.86, 95% CI 0.81, 4.09). (afar.info)
- The rate remained higher but not significantly so when a correction was made to eliminate the high number of intrauterine deaths induced with misoprostol 18/1000 versus 16.3/1000 (p = 0.69, OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.66, 1.84). (afar.info)