Minisatellite Repeats
Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.
Chromosome Fragility
DNA, Satellite
Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Pinaceae
Alleles
Base Sequence
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Tandem Repeat Sequences
Microsatellite Repeats
Trinucleotide Repeats
Germ-Line Mutation
Ukraine
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Comparative sequence analysis of human minisatellites showing meiotic repeat instability. (1/1291)
The highly variable human minisatellites MS32 (D1S8), MS31A (D7S21), and CEB1 (D2S90) all show recombination-based repeat instability restricted to the germline. Mutation usually results in polar interallelic conversion or occasionally in crossovers, which, at MS32 at least, extend into DNA flanking the repeat array, defining a localized recombination hotspot and suggesting that cis-acting elements in flanking DNA can influence repeat instability. Therefore, comparative sequence analysis was performed to search for common flanking elements associated with these unstable loci. All three minisatellites are located in GC-rich DNA abundant in dispersed and tandem repetitive elements. There were no significant sequence similarities between different loci upstream of the unstable end of the repeat array. Only one of the three loci showed clear evidence for putative coding sequences near the minisatellite. No consistent patterns of thermal stability or DNA secondary structure were shared by DNA flanking these loci. This work extends previous data on the genomic environment of minisatellites. In addition, this work suggests that recombinational activity is not controlled by primary or secondary characteristics of the DNA sequence flanking the repeat array and is not obviously associated with gene promoters as seen in yeast. (+info)Inflammatory cell-mediated tumour progression and minisatellite mutation correlate with the decrease of antioxidative enzymes in murine fibrosarcoma cells. (2/1291)
We isolated six clones of weakly tumorigenic fibrosarcoma (QR) from the tumorigenic clone BMT-11 cl-9. The QR clones were unable to grow in normal C57BL/6 mice when injected s.c. (1x10(5) cells). However, they formed aggressive tumours upon co-implantation with a 'foreign body', i.e. a gelatin sponge, and the rate of tumour take ranged from 8% to 58% among QR clones. The enhanced tumorigenicity was due to host cell-mediated reaction to the gelatin sponge (inflammation). Immunoblot analysis and enzyme activity assay revealed a significant inverse correlation between the frequencies of tumour formation by QR clones and the levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, P<0.005) and glutathione peroxidase (GPchi, P<0.01) in the respective tumour clones. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that superoxide-scavenging ability of cell lysates of the QR clone with high level of Mn-SOD was significantly higher than that with low level of the antioxidative enzyme in the presence of potassium cyanide, an inhibitor for copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (P<0.001). Minisatellite mutation (MSM) induced by the inflammatory cells in tumour cells were investigated by DNA fingerprint analysis after QR clones had been co-cultured with gelatin-sponge-reactive cells. The MSM rate was significantly higher in the subclones with low levels of Mn-SOD and GPchi (P<0.05) than in the subclones with high levels of both enzymes. The MSM of the subclones with low levels of both enzymes was inhibited in the presence of mannitol, a hydroxyl radical scavenger. The content of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by which the cellular DNA damage caused by active oxygen species can be assessed was significantly low in the tumours arising from the QR clone with high levels of Mn-SOD and GPchi even if the clone had been co-implanted with gelatin sponge, compared with the arising tumour from the QR clone with low levels of those antioxidative enzymes (P<0.001). In contrast, CuZn-SOD and catalase levels in the six QR clones did not have any correlation with tumour progression parameters. These results suggest that tumour progression is accelerated by inflammation-induced active oxygen species particularly accompanied with declined levels of intracellular antioxidative enzymes in tumour cells. (+info)Inbreeding of bottlenecked butterfly populations. Estimation using the likelihood of changes in marker allele frequencies. (3/1291)
Polymorphic enzyme and minisatellite loci were used to estimate the degree of inbreeding in experimentally bottlenecked populations of the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana (Satyridae), three generations after founding events of 2, 6, 20, or 300 individuals, each bottleneck size being replicated at least four times. Heterozygosity fell more than expected, though not significantly so, but this traditional measure of the degree of inbreeding did not make full use of the information from genetic markers. It proved more informative to estimate directly the probability distribution of a measure of inbreeding, sigma2, the variance in the number of descendants left per gene. In all bottlenecked lines, sigma2 was significantly larger than in control lines (300 founders). We demonstrate that this excess inbreeding was brought about both by an increase in the variance of reproductive success of individuals, but also by another process. We argue that in bottlenecked lines linkage disequilibrium generated by the small number of haplotypes passing through the bottleneck resulted in hitchhiking of particular marker alleles with those haplotypes favored by selection. In control lines, linkage disequilibrium was minimal. Our result, indicating more inbreeding than expected from demographic parameters, contrasts with the findings of previous (Drosophila) experiments in which the decline in observed heterozygosity was slower than expected and attributed to associative overdominance. The different outcomes may both be explained as a consequence of linkage disequilibrium under different regimes of inbreeding. The likelihood-based method to estimate inbreeding should be of wide applicability. It was, for example, able to resolve small differences in sigma2 among replicate lines within bottleneck-size treatments, which could be related to the observed variation in reproductive viability. (+info)Extremely complex repeat shuffling during germline mutation at human minisatellite B6.7. (4/1291)
Human minisatellite B6.7 is a highly variable locus showing extensive heterozygosity with alleles ranging from six to >500 repeat units. Paternal and maternal mutation rates to new length alleles were estimated from pedigrees at 7.0 and 3.9% per gamete, respectively, indicating that B6.7 is one of the most unstable minisatellites isolated to date. Mutation at this locus was also analysed by small pool PCR of sperm and blood DNA. Male germline instability varied from <0.8 to 14% per allele and increased with tandem array size. In contrast, the frequency of mutants in somatic (blood) DNA was far lower (<0.5%), consistent with a meiotic origin of germline mutants. Sperm mutants were further characterized by minisatellite variant repeat mapping using four major polymorphic sites within the B6.7 repeats. This highly informative system revealed a wide variety of changes in allele structure, including simple intra-allelic duplications and deletions and more complicated inter- and intra-allelic transfers of repeat blocks, as seen at other human minisatellites. The main mode of sperm mutation, however, resulted in extremely complex allele reorganization with evidence of inter-allelic transfer plus the generation of novel repeats by rearrangement at the sub-repeat level, suggesting that recombinational instability at B6.7 is a complex multistep process. (+info)Hematopoietic progenitor cells from allogeneic bone marrow transplant donors circulate in the very early post-transplant period. (5/1291)
Despite the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells after bone marrow transplantation have not been well characterized. In the present study, we focused on these 'post-transplant circulating progenitor cells (PTCPC)' which may be on their way to bone marrow. We analyzed the number of myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) per 10 ml of peripheral blood (PB) on days 0 (just before transplantation), 1 (8-15 h after the completion of transplantation), 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28 and 35 after allo-BMT in five transplant patients using a standard methylcellulose assay. In addition, high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) of the harvested donor bone marrow (BM) and day 1 PB of recipients were assayed in five patients. The origin of HPP-CFC from day 1 PB was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction of a DNA region containing a variable number of tandem repeats. The replating potential of these HPP-CFC was evaluated by a secondary colony assay. The proportion of CD38negative cells among CD34+ cells in the harvested BM and day 1 PB was evaluated by two-color flow cytometric analysis. The number of CFU-GM on day 1 ranged from 6 to 73/10 ml PB, and became undetectable on day 5. The reappearance of PTCPC was observed on day 14, along with hematopoietic recovery. The proportion of HPP-CFC among myeloid colonies from day 1 PB was significantly higher than that from harvested BM (44.3+/-10.4% vs 11.3+/-2.1%, respectively, n=5, P=0.0030). These HPP-CFC from day 1 PB were confirmed to be of donor origin. More than 90% of these HPP-CFC had replating potential. Two-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that the proportion of CD34+CD38negative cells was significantly higher in day 1 PB than in the harvested BM (61.0+/-16.5% vs 9.3+/-3.5%, respectively, n=7, P=0.0002). These observations suggest that both primitive and committed transplanted myeloid progenitor cells may circulate in the very early period following allo-BMT. (+info)Maximal stimulation of meiotic recombination by a yeast transcription factor requires the transcription activation domain and a DNA-binding domain. (6/1291)
The DNA sequences located upstream of the yeast HIS4 represent a very strong meiotic recombination hotspot. Although the activity of this hotspot requires the transcription activator Rap1p, the level of HIS4 transcription is not directly related to the level of recombination. We find that the recombination-stimulating activity of Rap1p requires the transcription activation domain of the protein. We show that a hybrid protein with the Gal4p DNA-binding domain and the Rap1p activation domain can stimulate recombination in a strain in which Gal4p-binding sites are inserted upstream of HIS4. In addition, we find recombination hotspot activity associated with the Gal4p DNA-binding sites that is independent of known transcription factors. We suggest that yeast cells have two types of recombination hotspots, alpha (transcription factor dependent) and beta (transcription factor independent). (+info)Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium africanum isolates from West Africa. (7/1291)
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, and M. microti. Most clinical isolates are M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. These species can be distinguished by phenotypes and genotypes. However, there is no simple definition of M. africanum, and some authors question the validity of this species. We analyzed 17 human isolates from Sierra Leone, identified as M. africanum by biochemical and growth characteristics. We sequenced polymorphic genes and intergenic regions. We amplified DNA from six loci with variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs) and determined the exact number of repeats at each locus in each strain. All M. africanum isolates had the ancestral CTG Leu at katG codon 463. Drug-resistant M. africanum isolates had katG and rpoB mutations similar to those found in drug-resistant M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Fourteen Sierra Leone M. africanum isolates (designated group A) had katG codon 203 ACC Thr, also found in M. africanumT (the T indicates type strain) from Senegal. Group A isolates clustered with M. africanumT by VNTR analysis. Three M. africanum isolates (group B) had katG codon 203 ACT Thr, found in M. tuberculosisT, and clustered with M. tuberculosisT by VNTR analysis. Phenotypic identification of M. africanum yielded a heterogeneous collection of strains. Genotypic analyses identified a cluster (M. africanum group A) which included M. africanumT and was distinct from the rest of the M. tuberculosis complex. Future studies of M. africanum should include both phenotypic and genotypic analyses. (+info)DNA flow cytometric quantification and DNA polymorphism analysis in the case of a complete mole with a coexisting fetus. (8/1291)
PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate whether DNA flow cytometric quantification and DNA polymorphism analysis are useful for cytogenetic diagnosis in the case of a complete hydatidiform mole that coexists with a living fetus. METHODS: Flow cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the minisatellite locus with the MCT118 probe were performed on the tissues (fetus, placenta and mole) obtained at the initial evacuation. RESULTS: DNA histograms of placental, fetal, and molar tissues showed diploid peaks. PCR products demonstrated that the allele of the mole was homozygous and inherited solely from the husband and that the mole differed genetically from the fetus and the placenta. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that DNA flow cytometry and DNA polymorphism analysis may be useful for the cytogenetic diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexisting fetus. (+info)Minisatellites, also known as VNTRs (Variable Number Tandem Repeats), are repetitive DNA sequences composed of a core repeat unit typically 10-60 bp long, arranged in a head-to-tail fashion and highly variable in the number of repeats among individuals, making them useful for forensic identification and tracing genetic lineages.
Minisatellites, also known as VNTRs (Variable Number Tandem Repeats), are repetitive DNA sequences that consist of a core repeat unit of 10-60 base pairs, arranged in a head-to-tail fashion. They are often found in non-coding regions of the genome and can vary in the number of times the repeat unit is present in an individual's DNA. This variation in repeat number can occur both within and between individuals, making minisatellites useful as genetic markers for identification and forensic applications. They are also associated with certain genetic disorders and play a role in genome instability.
'Chromosome fragility' is a term used to describe specific regions of chromosomes that are prone to breakage, rearrangement or deletion, which can lead to genetic disorders and conditions, often exacerbated by environmental factors or genetic susceptibilities.
Chromosome fragility refers to the susceptibility of specific regions on chromosomes to break or become unstable during cell division. These fragile sites are prone to forming gaps or breaks in the chromosome structure, which can lead to genetic rearrangements, including deletions, duplications, or translocations.
Chromosome fragility is often associated with certain genetic disorders and syndromes. For example, the most common fragile site in human chromosomes is FRAXA, located on the X chromosome, which is linked to Fragile X Syndrome, a leading cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism.
Environmental factors such as exposure to chemicals or radiation can also increase chromosome fragility, leading to an increased risk of genetic mutations and diseases.
'DNA satellite' refers to the minor fraction of DNA in a genome that is composed of short, repetitive sequences which can form distinct bands on density gradient centrifugation due to their different buoyant densities.
Satellite DNA is a type of DNA sequence that is repeated in a tandem arrangement in the genome. These repeats are usually relatively short, ranging from 2 to 10 base pairs, and are often present in thousands to millions of copies arranged in head-to-tail fashion. Satellite DNA can be found in centromeric and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, as well as at telomeres and other heterochromatic regions of the genome.
Due to their repetitive nature, satellite DNAs are often excluded from the main part of the genome during DNA sequencing projects, and therefore have been referred to as "satellite" DNA. However, recent studies suggest that satellite DNA may play important roles in chromosome structure, function, and evolution.
It's worth noting that not all repetitive DNA sequences are considered satellite DNA. For example, microsatellites and minisatellites are also repetitive DNA sequences, but they have different repeat lengths and arrangements than satellite DNA.
'Repetitive sequences in nucleic acid refer to stretches of DNA or RNA where a particular pattern of nucleotides is repeated consecutively and abundantly throughout the genome or transcriptome.'
Repetitive sequences in nucleic acid refer to repeated stretches of DNA or RNA nucleotide bases that are present in a genome. These sequences can vary in length and can be arranged in different patterns such as direct repeats, inverted repeats, or tandem repeats. In some cases, these repetitive sequences do not code for proteins and are often found in non-coding regions of the genome. They can play a role in genetic instability, regulation of gene expression, and evolutionary processes. However, certain types of repeat expansions have been associated with various neurodegenerative disorders and other human diseases.
Pinaceae, also known as the pine family, is a group of coniferous trees and shrubs primarily found in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by their needle-shaped leaves, woody cones, and typically monoecious reproductive structures.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Pinaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in botany, referring to the pine family of coniferous trees and shrubs. This family includes familiar plants such as pines, firs, spruces, and hemlocks.
If you have any medical terminology or concepts that you would like me to define or explain, please let me know!
An allele is a variant form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome, with each member of a pair of autosomal chromosomes or homologous chromosomes carrying two alleles that may be identical or different, determining the genetic makeup of an individual and potentially influencing their phenotype.
An allele is a variant form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same locus or position on homologous chromosomes.
Each person typically inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. If the two alleles are identical, a person is said to be homozygous for that trait. If the alleles are different, the person is heterozygous.
For example, the ABO blood group system has three alleles, A, B, and O, which determine a person's blood type. If a person inherits two A alleles, they will have type A blood; if they inherit one A and one B allele, they will have type AB blood; if they inherit two B alleles, they will have type B blood; and if they inherit two O alleles, they will have type O blood.
Alleles can also influence traits such as eye color, hair color, height, and other physical characteristics. Some alleles are dominant, meaning that only one copy of the allele is needed to express the trait, while others are recessive, meaning that two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait.
In molecular biology, the "base sequence" refers to the specific order of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) that make up a DNA or RNA molecule, which is critical for encoding genetic information and determining the function of genes.
A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.
'Molecular sequence data' refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, such as nucleotides in DNA or amino acids in proteins, that are represented in a linear fashion and used to identify, compare, and analyze biological characteristics or relationships among organisms at the molecular level.
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
'Tandem Repeat Sequences' in genetics refer to adjacent, identical DNA sequences that are repeated multiple times and arranged consecutively, typically characterized by the number of repeats and the repeat unit length, with variations in these parameters implicated in various genetic disorders.
Tandem Repeat Sequences (TRS) in genetics refer to repeating DNA sequences that are arranged directly after each other, hence the term "tandem." These sequences consist of a core repeat unit that is typically 2-6 base pairs long and is repeated multiple times in a head-to-tail fashion. The number of repetitions can vary between individuals and even between different cells within an individual, leading to genetic heterogeneity.
TRS can be classified into several types based on the number of repeat units and their stability. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites, have fewer than 10 repeats, while Minisatellites have 10-60 repeats. Variations in the number of these repeats can lead to genetic instability and are associated with various genetic disorders and diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, and forensic identification.
It's worth noting that TRS can also occur in protein-coding regions of genes, leading to the production of repetitive amino acid sequences. These can affect protein structure and function, contributing to disease phenotypes.
Microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repetitive DNA sequences composed of 1-6 base pair motifs that are repeated in a head-to-tail manner, with repeat lengths varying among individuals, and are widely distributed across the genome, making them useful for forensic identification, gene mapping, and disease diagnosis.
Microsatellite repeats, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repetitive DNA sequences made up of units of 1-6 base pairs that are repeated in a head-to-tail manner. These repeats are spread throughout the human genome and are highly polymorphic, meaning they can have different numbers of repeat units in different individuals.
Microsatellites are useful as genetic markers because of their high degree of variability. They are commonly used in forensic science to identify individuals, in genealogy to trace ancestry, and in medical research to study genetic diseases and disorders. Mutations in microsatellite repeats have been associated with various neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome.
Trinucleotide repeats refer to a specific pattern of DNA sequence where a particular triplet of nucleotides is repeated in a head-to-tail manner, and the number of these repetitions can expand beyond the normal range, leading to genetic disorders known as trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases.
Trinucleotide repeats refer to a specific type of DNA sequence expansion where a particular trinucleotide (a sequence made up of three nucleotides) is repeated multiple times. In normal genomic DNA, these repeats are usually present in a relatively stable and consistent range. However, when the number of repeats exceeds a certain threshold, it can result in an unstable genetic variant known as a trinucleotide repeat expansion.
These expansions can occur in various genes and are associated with several neurogenetic disorders, such as Huntington's disease, myotonic dystrophy, fragile X syndrome, and Friedreich's ataxia. The length of the trinucleotide repeat tends to expand further in subsequent generations, which can lead to anticipation – an earlier age of onset and increased severity of symptoms in successive generations.
The most common trinucleotide repeats involve CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) or CTG (cytosine-thymine-guanine) repeats, although other combinations like CGG, GAA, and GCT can also be involved. These repeat expansions can result in altered gene function, protein misfolding, aggregation, and toxicity, ultimately leading to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and other clinical manifestations.
A germ-line mutation is a genetic change present in the reproductive cells (gametes), such as sperm or egg, which can be passed down to offspring and potentially affect their entire organism.
A germ-line mutation is a genetic change that occurs in the egg or sperm cells (gametes), and thus can be passed down from parents to their offspring. These mutations are present throughout the entire body of the offspring, as they are incorporated into the DNA of every cell during embryonic development.
Germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations, which occur in other cells of the body that are not involved in reproduction. While somatic mutations can contribute to the development of cancer and other diseases within an individual, they are not passed down to future generations.
It's important to note that germ-line mutations can have significant implications for medical genetics and inherited diseases. For example, if a parent has a germ-line mutation in a gene associated with a particular disease, their offspring may have an increased risk of developing that disease as well.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ukraine" is a country located in Eastern Europe and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ukraine" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Eastern Europe. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, creating thousands to millions of copies through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing and extension, aiding in various diagnostic applications.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.
The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.
In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
"Paternity" is the legal or biological determination of fatherhood, establishing rights, responsibilities, and genetic relationships between a child and their biological father.
Paternity is the legal or biological relationship between a father and his child. Medical definitions of paternity often refer to the biological relationship, which is established through genetic testing to identify if a man has transmitted his genetic material to a child. This is typically determined by comparing the DNA of the alleged father and the child. In contrast, legal paternity refers to the establishment of a father-child relationship through court order or other legal means, whether or not the individual is the biological father.
Satellite DNA
For example, minisatellite DNA is a short region (1-5kb) of repeating elements with length >9 nucleotides. Whereas ... Satellite DNA, together with minisatellite and microsatellite DNA, constitute the tandem repeats. The size of satellite DNA ... Long repeat units have been described containing domains of shorter repeated segments and mononucleotides (1-5 bp), arranged in ... The nucleotide sequence of the repeats is fairly well conserved across species. However, variation in the length of the repeat ...
Chromosomal fragile site
... while the nonfolate-sensitive group contains many AT-rich minisatellite repeats. The CGG and AT-rich repeats characteristic of ... "Human chromosomal fragile site FRA16B is an amplified AT-rich minisatellite repeat". Cell. 88 (3): 367-74. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Rare fragile sites are found in less than 5% of the population, and are often composed of two- or three-nucleotide repeats. ... DNA polymerase has been shown to pause at CTG and CGG triplet repeat sequences, which can result in continual expansion via ...
Molecular-weight size marker
Minisatellites are short sequences of tandem repeats, approximately 10-60 base pairs. Minisatellites can be used in DNA ... Microsatellites Also known as SSR (simple sequence repeats) or STR (short tandem repeats), microsatellites differ from ... Minisatellites Similar to RFLP, this technique also uses restriction endonucleases to digest the genomic DNA. ... minisatellites in that they are shorter, usually 2-6 base pairs. This property of microsatellites allows for easy isolation. ...
DNA
In DNA profiling, the lengths of variable sections of repetitive DNA, such as short tandem repeats and minisatellites, are ... DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. The structure of DNA is dynamic along its length, being ... In human cells, telomeres are usually lengths of single-stranded DNA containing several thousand repeats of a simple TTAGGG ... Levene thought the chain was short and the bases repeated in a fixed order. In 1927, Nikolai Koltsov proposed that inherited ...
Minisatellite
... and microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Minisatellites ... Minisatellite variant repeat mapping by PCR (MVR-PCR) has been extensively used to chart the interspersion patterns of variant ... Microsatellite Tandem repeat Telomere Minisatellite at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... These variant repeats are tandemly intermingled. Some minisatellites contain a central sequence (or "core unit") of nucleobases ...
Glossary of genetics (M-Z)
They are classified as variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) DNA, along with longer minisatellites. microspike See filopodium. ... trinucleotide repeat Any sequence in which an individual nucleotide triplet is repeated many times in tandem, whether in a gene ... repeat repetitive DNA A region or fragment of DNA consisting largely or entirely of repeated nucleotide sequences. replacement ... are tandemly repeated (typically 5-50 times). In the human genome, minisatellites occur at more than 1,000 loci, especially in ...
Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure
Minisatellite: Short repeats of nucleotides. Microsatellite: Very short repeats of nucleotides. Some trinucleotide repeats are ... Repeated sequences are of two basic types: unique sequences that are repeated in one area; and repeated sequences that are ... They can be classified based on the length of the repeat as: SINE: Short interspersed sequences. The repeats are normally a few ... Satellites are unique sequences that are repeated in tandem in one area. Depending on the length of the repeat, they are ...
Inverted repeat
Repeat sequences with about 10-100 base pairs are known as minisatellites, while shorter repeat sequences having mostly 2-4 ... Both inverted repeats and direct repeats constitute types of nucleotide sequences that occur repetitively. These repeated DNA ... Searches can be performed on a variety of "repeat types" (including inverted repeats) and on several species. Inverted Repeats ... The most common repeats include the dinucleotide repeats, which have the bases AC on one DNA strand, and GT on the ...
Constitutive heterochromatin
... minisatellite and microsatellite repeats, and transposon repeats. In humans these regions account for about 200Mb or 6.5% of ... Constitutive heterochromatin is composed mainly of high copy number tandem repeats known as satellite repeats, ... The repeat sequences found at the pericentromeres are not conserved throughout many species and depend more on epigenetic ... the total human genome, but their repeat composition makes them difficult to sequence, so only small regions have been ...
List of MeSH codes (G06)
... minisatellite repeats MeSH G06.184.603.080.708.850 - terminal repeat sequences MeSH G06.184.603.080.708.850.400 - hiv long ... tandem repeat sequences MeSH G06.184.603.080.708.800.140 - dna repeat expansion MeSH G06.184.603.080.708.800.140.865 - ... dinucleotide repeats MeSH G06.184.603.080.708.800.500.850 - trinucleotide repeats MeSH G06.184.603.080.708.800.500.850.200 - ... ankyrin repeat MeSH G06.184.603.080 - base sequence MeSH G06.184.603.080.040 - at rich sequence MeSH G06.184.603.080.380 - gc ...
Repeated sequence (DNA)
When the repeating sequence is 10-60 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a minisatellite. For minisatellites and ... Tandem repeats are repeated sequences which are directly adjacent to each other in the genome. Tandem repeats may vary in the ... When the repeating sequence is only 2-10 nucleotides long, the repeat is referred to as a short tandem repeat (STR) or ... Inverted repeats occur when a nucleotide sequence is repeated in the inverse direction. For example, a direct repeat of "CATCAT ...
Variable number tandem repeat
VNTR minisatellites have repeat sequences that repeat the same number of times in all individuals containing the tandem repeats ... Minisatellites are a type of DNA tandem repeat sequence, meaning that the sequences repeat one after another without other ... However, while all VNTRs are minisatellites, not all minisatellites are VNTRs. VNTRs can vary in number of repeats from ... The Microorganisms Tandem Repeats Database The MLVAbank Short Tandem Repeats Database Tandem Repeats Database (TRDB) Search ...
IFI6
A mini-satellite that consists of 26 repeats of a 12 nucleotide repeating element resembling the mammalian splice donor ... Turri MG, Cuin KA, Porter AC (June 1995). "Characterisation of a novel minisatellite that provides multiple splice donor sites ... Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms by using the two downstream repeat units as splice ...
Microsatellite
... the exact definition and delineation to the longer minisatellites varies from author to author), and are typically repeated 5- ... of proteins contain repeating sequences of amino acids encoded by short sequence repeats. Most of the short sequence repeats ... A repeat polymorphism in the fourth intron of the NOS3 gene is linked to hypertension in a Tunisian population. Reduced repeat ... Each trinucleotide repeating sequence is transcribed into a repeating series of the same amino acid. In yeasts, the most common ...
List of MeSH codes (G14)
... minisatellite repeats MeSH G14.080.708.850 - terminal repeat sequences MeSH G14.080.708.850.400 - hiv long terminal repeat MeSH ... trinucleotide repeat expansion MeSH G14.340.024.850.550 - minisatellite repeats MeSH G14.340.050.500 - genes, archaeal MeSH ... tandem repeat sequences MeSH G14.080.708.800.074 - dna repeat expansion MeSH G14.080.708.800.074.865 - trinucleotide repeat ... microsatellite repeats MeSH G14.340.024.850.500.150 - dinucleotide repeats MeSH G14.340.024.850.500.850 - trinucleotide repeats ...
Human genetic variation
Short tandem repeats (about 5 base pairs) are called microsatellites, while longer ones are called minisatellites. The recent ... A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) is the variation of length of a tandem repeat. A tandem repeat is the adjacent ... Tandem repeats exist on many chromosomes, and their length varies between individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele ...
Genome
Microsatellites consisting of 2-5 basepair repeats, while minisatellite repeats are 30-35 bp. Tandem repeats make up about 4% ... tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. Short, non-coding sequences that are repeated head-to-tail are called tandem repeats. ... Tandem repeats can be functional. For example, telomeres are composed of the tandem repeat TTAGGG in mammals, and they play an ... Retrotransposons can be divided into long terminal repeats (LTRs) and non-long terminal repeats (Non-LTRs). Long terminal ...
DNA profiling
... in particular short tandem repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites, and minisatellites. VNTR loci are similar between ... Therefore, sometimes DNA Polymerase will rejoin at the short tandem repeat ahead of it, leading to a short tandem repeat that ... having a certain number of repeats at one locus does not change the likelihood of having any number of repeats at any other ... Whitaker JP, Clayton TM, Urquhart AJ, Millican ES, Downes TJ, Kimpton CP, Gill P (April 1995). "Short tandem repeat typing of ...
Microsatellite instability
Microsatellites are also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Microsatellite instability structure consists of repeated ... Longer sequences are called minisatellite, and even longer sequences are called satellite DNA sites. Some scientists ... Microsatellites are repeated sequences of DNA. These sequences can be made of units of 1 to 6 base pairs in length that are ... The most common microsatellite in humans is a dinucleotide repeat of the nucleotides C and A, which occurs tens of thousands of ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The first scheme, called exact tandem repeat, used only five loci, but the resolution afforded by these five loci was not as ... "High-resolution minisatellite-based typing as a portable approach to global analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular ... This has now been superseded by variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR), which is technically easier to perform and allows ... This method makes use of the presence of repeated DNA sequences within the M. tuberculosis genome. Three generations of VNTR ...
Nicola Royle
During this time she discovered that human GC-rich minisatellites, the markers in genetic fingerprints, are not randomly ... Baird, D. M.; Jeffreys, A. J.; Royle, N. J. (1 November 1995). "Mechanisms underlying telomere repeat turnover, revealed by ... Royle, N. J.; Clarkson, R. E.; Wong, Z.; Jeffreys, A. J. (1988). "Clustering of hypervariable minisatellites in the proterminal ... n repeats show replication dependent instability in somatic cells and the male germline". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (18): 6225 ...
Multiple loci VNTR analysis
... that takes advantage of the polymorphism of tandemly repeated DNA sequences. A "VNTR" is a "variable-number tandem repeat". ... https://web.archive.org/web/20141225151444/http://tandemrepeat.u-psud.fr/ http://minisatellites.u-psud.fr/ http://mlva.u-psud. ... From this size estimate, the number of repeat units at each locus can be deduced. The resulting information is a code which can ... Normalisation, size calling, size correction, assignment of number of repeats and cluster analysis on MLVA data can be ...
Alec Jeffreys
By focusing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive, more ... The most commonly used markers are now variable microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), which Jeffreys ... DNA profiling, based on typing individual highly variable minisatellites in the human genome, was also developed by Alec ... Jeffreys, A.; Wilson, V.; Thein, S. (1985). "Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA". Nature. 314 (6006): 67-73. ...
DNA: The Story of Life
... the repeated parts of the DNA sequence, that Alec Jeffreys found, could divide the human genome DNA up into parts, so that ... minisatellites) of human DNA where that same DNA sequencing, of Fred Sanger, could be best applied; but the human DNA sequence ... was finding cancer-causing genes The series was repeated ten years later on More4. A fifth part of the series was added to a ...
Genetic marker
... or Simple sequence repeat) SNP (or Single nucleotide polymorphism) STR (or Short tandem repeat) SFP (or Single feature ... like minisatellites. For many years, gene mapping was limited to identifying organisms by traditional phenotypes markers. This ... Marker gene Molecular marker DNA marking Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure Repeated sequence (DNA) Benjamin A. Pierce (2013- ... or Variable number tandem repeat) SSR Microsatellite polymorphism, ( ...
Structural variation in the human genome
The products of this mechanism from the sequence repeats is depicted in Figure 2. A study was done on the olfactory receptor ... it opened the door to finding smaller and incredibly more sequence variations including SNPs and minisatellites. This also ... It was previously known that repeated sequences on a chromosome increases the probability of non allelic homologous ... These repeated sequences could cause deletions, duplications, inversions, and inverted duplication chromosomes. ...
Gene polymorphism
Microsatellites are repeats of 1-6 base pairs of DNA sequence. Microsatellites are commonly used as a molecular markers ... "Difference Between Minisatellite and Microsatellite". Hou, S.-M. (2002-04-01). "The XPD variant alleles are associated with ...
Ariane 5
This procedure was repeated for all subsequent ATV flights. Ariane 5ECA used the ESC (Étage Supérieur Cryotechnique - Cryogenic ... usually small experiment packages or minisatellites, could be carried with an ASAP (Ariane Structure for Auxiliary Payloads) ... The EPS upper stage was capable of repeated ignition, first demonstrated during flight V26 which was launched on 5 October 2007 ...
GASPACS
Once booted up, GASPACS would stay powered on for approximately an hour before shutting off due to low power, and repeating the ... "A tiny Raspberry Pi Zero is powering this mini satellite mission". ZDNet. Retrieved 2022-04-08. "World's First Pi-Powered ...
Index of biochemistry articles
... tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - tax gene product - taxonomy - telophase - tertiary structure - tetrodotoxin - ... minisatellite - mitochondrial membrane - mitochondrion - mitogen receptor - mitosis - mitotic spindle - mixture - modern ... trinucleotide repeat - triose - tropomyosin - troponin - tryptophan - tubulin - tumor necrosis factors - tumor necrosis factor ... dinucleotide repeat - diploid - disaccharide - dissociation constant - disulfide bond - disulfide bridge - DNA - DNA ...
Tandem repeat
Microsatellite Minisatellite ProRepeat Satellite DNA Tandem Repeats Database Tandem repeat locus Variable number tandem repeats ... The Tandem Repeats Database The Microorganisms Tandem Repeats Database Short Tandem Repeats Database Tandem Repeats in major ... it is called a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). MeSH classifies variable number tandem repeats under minisatellites. ... Tandem Repeats over the Edit Distance TandemSWAN Microsatellite repeats finder JSTRING - Java Search for Tandem Repeats in ...
Helitron (biology)
Some families of Helitrons also carry tandem repeats, like microsatellites and minisatellites which are generally highly ... De novo repeat identification approaches which can be used to build consensus libraries of all repeated sequences, but De novo ... A repeat-based search requires extensive manual curation to identify Helitron families, an overwhelming task in large genomes ... These approaches are limited by the quality of the genome assembly and the homogeneity of the repeats. Another approach is ...
Macrosatellite
... and the entire repeat array often spans hundreds of kilobases. Reduced number of repeats on chromosome 4 (D4Z4 repeats) causes ... Microsatellite Minisatellite Satellite DNA Dumbovic, G; Forcales, SV; Perucho, M (3 July 2017). "Emerging roles of ... Macrosatellites are the largest of the tandem DNA repeats. Each macrosatellite repeat typically is several kilobases in length ... macrosatellite repeats in genome organization and disease development". Epigenetics. 12 (7): 515-526. doi:10.1080/15592294.2017 ...
Colworth Medal
Jeffreys, A. J. (1987). "Highly variable minisatellites and DNA fingerprints". Biochemical Society Transactions. 15 (3): 309-17 ... Hypersensitivity to modification by a single-strand-selective chemical reagent conferred by inverted repeat sequences". Nucleic ...
minisatellite repeats | NAL Agricultural Thesaurus
Retrotransposon expression and incorporation of cloned human and mouse retroelements in human spermatozoa
Associations Between MAOA-uVNTR Genotype, Maltreatment, MAOA Methylation, and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adult Males
Minisatellite Repeats * Monoamine Oxidase / genetics* * Young Adult Substances * Monoamine Oxidase * monoamine oxidase A, human ... Methods: MAOA-uVNTR genotypes with ≤ 3 and , 3 repeats were categorized as short (S) and long (L), respectively. Data on ... Interactions between maltreatment and the monoamine oxidase A upstream variable number tandem repeat genotype (MAOA-uVNTR) are ...
Tandem repeat - Wikipedia
Microsatellite Minisatellite ProRepeat Satellite DNA Tandem Repeats Database Tandem repeat locus Variable number tandem repeats ... The Tandem Repeats Database The Microorganisms Tandem Repeats Database Short Tandem Repeats Database Tandem Repeats in major ... it is called a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). MeSH classifies variable number tandem repeats under minisatellites. ... Tandem Repeats over the Edit Distance TandemSWAN Microsatellite repeats finder JSTRING - Java Search for Tandem Repeats in ...
Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite...
... was mapped previously to a 4.1-kb region spanning the insulin gene and a minisatellite or variable number of tandem repeats ( ... Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite ... Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite ... Minisatellite Repeats, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ...
Population Genetics and Statistics for Forensic Analysts | Glossary | National Institute of Justice
Minisatellite Variant Repeat (MVR). Tandem repeats of a short (10- to 100-bp) DNA fragments spanning several hundred to several ... Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). A sequence consisting largely of a tandem repeat of a specific k-mer (such as (CA)15). Many SSRs ... For example, one copy of a specific short tandem repeat (STR) region might have 10 repeats, while the other copy might have 11 ... Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs). Repeating units of a DNA sequence; a class of RFLPs (restriction fragment length ...
Volume 82 Issue 2 | Human Biology
D1S80 is a 16-bp variable number of tandem repeats minisatellite. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking ... All the 18-repeat alleles are associated with HinfI( ) and FnuAHI(-) restriction site polymorphisms at the 5′ and 3′ ends, ... The repeat allele-SNP association might be involved with the internal structure of the locus micropolymorphisms, possibly a ... This suggests that reciprocal crossover is not involved in changes in the number of repeats, as few exchanges are seen in the ...
Molecular Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii from Ruminants in Q Fever Outbreak, the Netherlands - Volume 17, Number 4-April...
A total of 17 different minisatellite and microsatellite repeat markers have been described (11). ... Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analyses (MLVA) is based on variation in repeat number in tandemly repeated DNA ... From the paraffin-embedded placenta (farm AG), only a partial genotype could be shown, with 6 repeats on Ms03 and 10 repeats on ... on the basis of 10 multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analyses (MLVA). Repeats per locus are shown; open... ...
Molecular Changes in Second Primary Lung and Breast Cancers after Therapy for Hodgkin's Disease1 | Cancer Epidemiology,...
The minisatellite repeat sequences examined were as follows: (a) tracts of(A)10 sequence at TGF-βRII; (b)(G)8 at IGFIIR; (c)(G) ... Whereas lengthy microsatellite sequences are uncommon in coding regions, smaller repeats (minisatellites) are occasionally ... pentanucleotide and dinucleotide repeats in the TP53 gene, and dinucleotide repeats in the RB gene and Luca 2.2), which were ... dinucleotide repeat); (l) 17p13 (TP53 gene,dinucelotide and pentanucleotide repeats); and (m) 17q21(D17S855 and D17S1323 ...
Unit II - Genetics Flashcards by Sarah Axelrath | Brainscape
... are different alleles that result from variation of the number of repeat units within a minisatellite region ... 171 bp repeat unit found near centromeric region of all human chromosomes; likely important for chromosome segregation in ... Caused by an expansion in the number (,200) of CGG repeats in the 5 UTR of the FMR1 gene, causing excessive methylation of the ... Autosomal dominant condition caused by expanded CTG repeats in the 3 region of the DMPK gene, leading to production of ...
Alphabetical Browse | Britannica
Frontiers | Isolation, Molecular Typing, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies hominissuis...
MIRU-VNTR analysis, on the other hand, uses mini-satellite sequences (tandem repeats of 10-100 nucleotides) dispersed at ... typing and mini-satellite sequence analysis-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU- ... Variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of respiratory and household water biofilm isolates of "Mycobacterium avium subsp. ... New variable-number tandem-repeat markers for typing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium strains: ...
Patterns of polymorphism and divergence in stress-related yeast proteins<...
Alleles that encode proteins containing oligopeptide repeats or minisatellites are over-represented in cell wall and ... Alleles that encode proteins containing oligopeptide repeats or minisatellites are over-represented in cell wall and ... Alleles that encode proteins containing oligopeptide repeats or minisatellites are over-represented in cell wall and ... Alleles that encode proteins containing oligopeptide repeats or minisatellites are over-represented in cell wall and ...
Influence of SERTPR STin2 in the serotonin transporter gene on the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in...
Repbase Reports - 2005, Volume 5, Issue 3 - MSAT-1D CR
MSAT; Satellite; Simple Repeat; non-autonomous; minisatellite; interspersed repeat; tandems; MSAT-1_CR; MSAT-1D_CR ... The MSAT-1D_CR is a subfamily of MSAT-1_CR minisatellite.. ... MSAT-1D_CR is a minisatellite unit - a consensus. Submitted: 30 ... MSAT-1_CR, a family of minisatellites from the green algae genome. ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Principle and Applications | IntechOpen
Among these markers are minisatellites (or variable number of tandem repeats) and microsatellites (or STR, short tandem repeats ... Micro- and minisatellites are also known as variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms. Amplified fragment length ... Microsatellites or SSRs (simple sequence repeats) or STRs (short tandem repeats) consist of a few nucleotides-2-6 base pair DNA ... 61, 62, 63]. VNTRs and STRs are repetitive polymorphisms composed of sequences that are repeated in tandem. These repeat ...
Erlich Develops DNA Fingerprinting from a Single Hair - WikiSummaries
Minisatellites, like the Jeffreys repeat, include repeat units ranging from about twelve to several hundred bases in length. ... In humans, AC (adenine-cytosine) and AT (adenine-thymine) repeats are most common; an estimate for the number of AC repeat loci ... vary in the number of repeats present.. VNTRs are often subcategorized based on the length of the repeated sequence. ... Variable number tandem repeats. (VNTRs). This type of DNA sequence is characterized, as the name implies, by a DNA sequence ...
Aston Research Centre for Health in Ageing - Research Outputs
- Aston Research Explorer
Additional file 1: of Genomic sequencing is required for identification of tuberculosis transmission in Hawaii - Northern...
Study of three hypervariable DNA loci (D1S7; D7S22 and D12S11) in three European populations - Fingerprint - HSC
Highly diverse variable number tandem repeat loci in the E. coli O157:H7 and O55:H7 genomes for high-resolution molecular...
Two-dimensional DNA fingerprinting of human individuals - Fingerprint - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Elucidating Hexanucleotide Repeat Number and Methylation within the X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP)-Related SVA...
Minisatellite Repeats Medizin & Biologie 22% * Dystonia Medizin & Biologie 10% * DNA Medizin & Biologie 9% ... Nanopore sequencing can reliably detect SVA hexanucleotide repeat numbers, methylation and, lastly, variation in the repeat ... Nanopore sequencing can reliably detect SVA hexanucleotide repeat numbers, methylation and, lastly, variation in the repeat ... Nanopore sequencing can reliably detect SVA hexanucleotide repeat numbers, methylation and, lastly, variation in the repeat ...
All Publications
Bacillus anthracis in China and its relationship to worldwide lineages<...
Sudden infant death syndrome: Association with a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene<...
Minisatellite Repeats Medicine & Life Sciences 12% * Tandem Repeat Sequences Medicine & Life Sciences 12% ... Further, a variable tandem repeat sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT) ... Further, a variable tandem repeat sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT) ... Further, a variable tandem repeat sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT) ...
Association between polymorphisms in serotonin and dopamine-related genes and endogenous pain modulation<...
Minisatellite Repeats Medicine & Life Sciences 9% * Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 8% ... Using the Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT), functional variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms of the ... Using the Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT), functional variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms of the ... Using the Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT), functional variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms of the ...
The minimal active human SVA retrotransposon requires only the 5′-Hexamer and Alu-like domains<...
Minisatellite Repeats Medicine & Life Sciences 64% * RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Medicine & Life Sciences 59% ... such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elements, in trans. SVA elements are~2-kb hominid-specific ... such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elements, in trans. SVA elements are~2-kb hominid-specific ... such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elements, in trans. SVA elements are~2-kb hominid-specific ...
Association study of DRD2 and MAOA genes with subtyped alcoholism comorbid with bipolar disorder in Han Chinese<...
Minisatellite Repeats Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Bipolar Disorder Medicine & Life Sciences 75% ... However, the interaction between the MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat and DRD2 A1/A2 was a risk factor in the ALC. +. BP (odds ratio = 3.451 ... However, the interaction between the MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat and DRD2 A1/A2 was a risk factor in the ALC. +. BP (odds ratio = 3.451 ... However, the interaction between the MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat and DRD2 A1/A2 was a risk factor in the ALC. +. BP (odds ratio = 3.451 ...
VNTR6
- The IDDM2 locus encoding susceptibility to type 1 diabetes was mapped previously to a 4.1-kb region spanning the insulin gene and a minisatellite or variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) locus on human chromosome 11p15.5. (ox.ac.uk)
- Several molecular typing methods have been developed to differentiate between M. avium subspecies and strains, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and mini-satellite sequence analysis-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- MIRU-VNTR analysis, on the other hand, uses mini-satellite sequences (tandem repeats of 10-100 nucleotides) dispersed at multiple loci in the bacterial genome. (frontiersin.org)
- The long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) ORF2 protein is the genomic source for RT activity required for mobilization of its own RNA in cis and other RNAs, such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elements, in trans. (elsevierpure.com)
- Of the polymorphisms typed, only those at -23 Hph I and the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) sites confer significant relative risk. (ox.ac.uk)
- AIMS: The Type 1 diabetes susceptibility locus, IDDM2, has been mapped to a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region 5' upstream of the insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF2) genes on chromosome 11p15. (ox.ac.uk)
Humans2
- The major satellite DNA families in humans are called: A repeated pattern can be between 1 base pair long (a mononucleotide repeat) to several thousand base pairs long, and the total size of a satellite DNA block can be several megabases without interruption. (wikipedia.org)
- In fact, the Jeffreys repeat first discovered in humans was found to occur in a wide variety of other species. (wikisummaries.org)
Polymorphism2
- Background: Several studies have hypothesized that genes involved in the dopamine system, including dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2)-related TaqIA polymorphism and monoamine oxidase-A upstream variable number tandem repeat (uVNTR), may be associated with alcoholism. (ncku.edu.tw)
- Further, a variable tandem repeat sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT) gene has recently been associated with risk of SIDS in a Japanese cohort. (johnshopkins.edu)
Loci7
- Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit. (usda.gov)
- To determine the genetic background of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants responsible for the human Q fever outbreak, we genotyped 126 C. burnetii -positive samples from ruminants by using a 10-loci multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analyses panel and compared them with internationally known genotypes. (cdc.gov)
- Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analyses (MLVA) is based on variation in repeat number in tandemly repeated DNA elements on multiple loci in the genome of C. burnetii and might be more discriminatory than multispacer sequence typing ( 13 , 15 ). (cdc.gov)
- Short tandem repeats (STRs) compose approximately 3% of the genome, and mutations at STR loci have been linked to dozens of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington disease, and fragile X syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
- His method examined a twelve-base sequence that was repeated one right after another, at many different loci in the human genome. (wikisummaries.org)
- We have constructed a genetic linkage map of 17 markers on the long arm of human chromosome 21, including six genes and two anonymous loci with a variable number of tandem repeats. (johnshopkins.edu)
- isolates were further subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) at the four microsatellite/minisatellite loci (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS16). (biomedcentral.com)
Sequences12
- The most prevalent repeated sequences in the embedded microsatellite regions were CT:AG, CCT:AGG, CCCT:AGGG, and CGCAC:GTGCG These repeating sequences were shown to adopt altered structures including triple-stranded DNA, Z-DNA, stem-loop, and other conformations under superhelical stress. (wikipedia.org)
- The sequences are about 300 base pairs long and are repeated several thousand times throughout the genome. (ojp.gov)
- A significantly high number of these proteins have regions rich in threonine and/or serine that contain repeated sequences, variable in length within yeast species. (bath.ac.uk)
- These regions, termed hypervariable, are typically based on repeat sequences in the DNA. (wikisummaries.org)
- Once collected from an individual, the DNA was cut using restriction enzymes to create DNA fragments that contained the repeat sequences. (wikisummaries.org)
- The total length of the tandemly repeated sequences may be several hundred to several thousand bases. (wikisummaries.org)
- Shorter repeat sequences, typically one to six bases in length, were subsequently termed microsatellites. (wikisummaries.org)
- The sequences studied revealed polymorphisms highly informative about structure of populations at a regional scale, including short and medium-sized inversions, direct repeats, micro- and minisatellites. (fp7-palms.org)
- Near-complete mtDNA sequences (16989 bp), excluding the minisatellite present in the displacement loop region (D-loop), were successfully determined in six Iberian pigs, two Duroc and six European wild boars. (fao.org)
- Microsatellites and minisatellites belong to this class of genetic sequences. (hal.science)
- this accurately positioned oat centromeres with different ploidy levels and identified a series of centromere-specific sequences including minisatellites and retrotransposons. (bvsalud.org)
- To define genetic characteristics of oat centromeres, we surveyed the repeat sequences and found that dyad symmetries were abundant in oat centromeres and were predicted to form non-B-DNA structures in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
Genotype2
- Interactions between maltreatment and the monoamine oxidase A upstream variable number tandem repeat genotype (MAOA-uVNTR) are associated with alcohol-related problems. (nih.gov)
- If one could count the number of repeats on each chromosome, it would be possible to specify a diploid genotype for this chromosomal locus: An individual might have one chromosome with twelve repeats, and the other with fifteen. (wikisummaries.org)
Locus4
- Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite locus. (ox.ac.uk)
- Imagine a simple DNA base sequence, such as AAC (adenine-adenine-cytosine), which is repeated at a particular place (or locus) on a human chromosome. (wikisummaries.org)
- This type of DNA sequence is characterized, as the name implies, by a DNA sequence which is repeated, one copy right after another, at a particular locus on a chromosome. (wikisummaries.org)
- Within the SVA locus, there was no difference in genetic variability other than variations of the repeat motif between patients. (uni-luebeck.de)
Genome2
- Satellite DNA adopts higher-order three-dimensional structures in a naturally occurring complex satellite DNA from the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis, whose genome contains 3% of a GC-rich satellite band consisting of a ~2100 base pair (bp) "repeat unit" sequence motif called RU. (wikipedia.org)
- MSAT-1_CR, a family of minisatellites from the green algae genome. (girinst.org)
Microsatellite repeats2
- Four divergent domains consisted of microsatellite repeats, biased in base composition, with purines on one strand and pyrimidines on the other. (wikipedia.org)
- Between the strand-biased microsatellite repeats and C:G mononucleotide repeats, all sequence variations retained one or two base pairs with A (purine) interrupting the pyrimidine-rich strand and T (pyrimidine) interrupting the purine-rich strand. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations1
- Recent reports using molecular approaches have demonstrated that DNA damage can be transmitted to babies from smoking fathers, and expanded simple tandem repeats minisatellite mutations were found in the germline of fathers who were exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster. (blogspot.com)
Alleles2
- specifically, the length differences observed between microsatellite alleles are generally multiples of the repeat unit length. (wikipedia.org)
- Alleles that encode proteins containing oligopeptide repeats or minisatellites are over-represented in cell wall and extracellular space locations. (bath.ac.uk)
Abstract1
- Industrial Waste Industry Minisatellite Repeats Sheep wool Abstract: Culturable microorganisms from various samples taken at an active factory performing wool and goat hair cleaning were isolated and analyzed. (sciensano.be)
Nucleotide1
- The nucleotide sequence of the repeats is fairly well conserved across species. (wikipedia.org)
VNTRs3
- Yeast genomes contain variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) within coding regions of DNA. (bath.ac.uk)
- The type of sequence Jeffreys exploited is now included in the category of variable number tandem repeats Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). (wikisummaries.org)
- VNTRs are often subcategorized based on the length of the repeated sequence. (wikisummaries.org)
Methylation2
- CONCLUSIONS: Nanopore sequencing can reliably detect SVA hexanucleotide repeat numbers, methylation and, lastly, variation in the repeat motif. (uni-luebeck.de)
- To detect methylation from blood- and brain-derived DNA, we used a Cas9-targeted approach.RESULTS: High concordance was observed for hexanucleotide repeat numbers detected with Nanopore sequencing and fragment analysis. (uni-luebeck.de)
Genomes1
- of tandem repeats within their genomes [6, 17]. (scirp.org)
Variation1
- However, variation in the length of the repeat is common. (wikipedia.org)
Tandem repeat1
- For example, one copy of a specific short tandem repeat (STR) region might have 10 repeats, while the other copy might have 11 repeats. (ojp.gov)
Nucleotides1
- For example, minisatellite DNA is a short region (1-5kb) of repeating elements with length >9 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence2
- The most complex compositionally-biased microsatellite domain of RU included the sequence TTAA:TTAA as well as a mirror repeat. (wikipedia.org)
- If the twelve-base sequence was represented by more repeats, the fragment containing it was that much longer. (wikisummaries.org)
Evolutionary1
- In this thesis, we deal with the problem of alignment of tandem repeats under a specific evolutionary model. (hal.science)
Arrays1
- Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Short2
- 3 repeats were categorized as short (S) and long (L), respectively. (nih.gov)
- Short tandem repeats (STRs), or microsatellites, are 1-6 base pair (bp) motifs of repeating units of DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Consists1
- Tandem repeats consists of a heterogeneous tandem array of a repeat unit. (hal.science)
Region3
- The difference in how many of the repeats is present in the region (length of the region) is the basis for DNA profiling. (wikipedia.org)
- To complete the mtDNA analysis, the D-loop minisatellite region was also analyzed in the same set of samples by amplification and capillary electrophoresis detection. (fao.org)
- The D-loop minisatellite results showed overlapping ranges of fragment sizes and suggested heteroplasmy, a result that nullify the use of this region for the development of breed diagnostic markers. (fao.org)
Fragment1
- RESULTS: High concordance was observed for hexanucleotide repeat numbers detected with Nanopore sequencing and fragment analysis. (uni-luebeck.de)
Present1
- Chromosomes Chromosomes;variable number tandem repeats vary in the number of repeats present. (wikisummaries.org)
Length2
- Some contained mononucleotide repeats of C:G base pairs approximately 20 bp in length. (wikipedia.org)
- Minisatellites, like the Jeffreys repeat, include repeat units ranging from about twelve to several hundred bases in length. (wikisummaries.org)
Unit1
- MSAT-1D_CR is a minisatellite unit - a consensus. (girinst.org)
Shorter1
- Long repeat units have been described containing domains of shorter repeated segments and mononucleotides (1-5 bp), arranged in clusters of microsatellites, wherein differences among individual copies of the longer repeat units were clustered. (wikipedia.org)
Human1
- We have study biological data from human minisatellite MSY1. (hal.science)
Base1
- Jeffreys used agarose gel electrophoresis to separate his fragments by size, and he then used a specialized staining technique to view only the fragments containing the twelve-base repeat. (wikisummaries.org)
Significant1
- The MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat had a significant protective effect on the ALC. (ncku.edu.tw)
