Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Hyphal death during colony development in Streptomyces antibioticus: morphological evidence for the existence of a process of cell deletion in a multicellular prokaryote. (1/961)
During the life cycle of the streptomycetes, large numbers of hyphae die; the surviving ones undergo cellular differentiation and appear as chains of spores in the mature colony. Here we report that the hyphae of Streptomyces antibioticus die through an orderly process of internal cell dismantling that permits the doomed hyphae to be eliminated with minimum disruption of the colony architecture. Morphological and biochemical approaches revealed progressive disorganization of the nucleoid substructure, followed by degradation of DNA and cytoplasmic constituents with transient maintenance of plasma membrane integrity. Then the hyphae collapsed and appeared empty of cellular contents but retained an apparently intact cell wall. In addition, hyphal death occurred at specific regions and times during colony development. Analysis of DNA degradation carried out by gel electrophoresis and studies on the presence of dying hyphae within the mycelium carried out by electron microscopy revealed two rounds of hyphal death: in the substrate mycelium during emergence of the aerial hyphae, and in the aerial mycelium during formation of the spores. This suggests that hyphal death in S. antibioticus is somehow included in the developmental program of the organism. (+info)The post-exposure response of Enterobacteriaceae to ceftibuten. (2/961)
The responses of ten isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to ceftibuten exposure were monitored by measuring several parameters. Post-antibiotic effect (PAE), control-related effective regrowth time (CERT) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA-SME) were determined by bacterial enumeration carried out either by impedance in combination with viable counting (IMP/VC) or by impedance in combination with bioluminescence (IMP/BIOL). Kill curves were carried out by bioluminescence, viable counting and direct microscopy and post-exposure morphology was established. Ceftibuten primarily provoked filamentation. Over 24 h, kill of up to 3.6 log10 was evident by viable counting and direct microscopy at and above the MIC. Minimal kill, of up to 0.26 log10, was shown by bioluminescence. PAE was found to be method dependent, with statistical differences established by Student's t-test. PAE values of up to 0.48 h and 1.47 h (by IMP/BIOL and IMP/VC respectively) were not concentration dependent above 1 x MIC. CERT values were not method dependent, with values of up to 1.71 h also showing a lack of concentration dependence above 1 x MIC. PA-SME may reflect the situation in vivo more accurately than either PAE or CERT. In PAE and CERT studies the antibiotic is eliminated almost immediately, whereas in vivo there is gradual decrease in antibiotic levels. These persisting levels are reflected more accurately by PA-SME. Compared with PAE and CERT, significantly longer values, of up to 7.27 h, were obtained by PA-SME, although this parameter was also found to be method dependent. The results of the PA-SME studies, which may be the most clinically relevant pharmacodynamic parameter, confirm the appropriateness of the current once- or twice-daily dosing schedules despite the lack of PAE. (+info)Effects of anticoagulant, processing delay, and assay method (branched DNA versus reverse transcriptase PCR) on measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in plasma. (3/961)
We conducted two studies to determine the potential influence of delays in blood processing, type of anticoagulant, and assay method on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in plasma. The first was an experimental study in which heparin- and EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were collected from 101 HIV-positive individuals and processed to plasma after delays of 2, 6, and 18 h. HIV-1 RNA levels in each sample were then measured by both branched-DNA (bDNA) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. Compared to samples processed within 2 h, the loss (decay) of HIV-1 RNA in heparinized blood was significant (P < 0.05) but small after 6 h (bDNA assay, -0.12 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.05 log(10) copies/ml) and after 18 h (bDNA assay, -0.27 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.15 log(10) copies/ml). Decay in EDTA-anticoagulated blood was not significant after 6 h (bDNA assay, -0.002 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.02 log(10) copies/ml), but it was after 18 h (bDNA assay, -0.09 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.09 log(10) copies/ml). Only 4% of samples processed after 6 h lost more than 50% (>/=0.3 log(10) copies/ml) of the HIV-1 RNA, regardless of the anticoagulant or the assay that was used. The second study compared HIV-1 RNA levels in samples from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; samples were collected in heparin-containing tubes in 1985, had a 6-h average processing delay, and were assayed by bDNA assay) and the British Columbia Drug Treatment Program (BCDTP) (collected in EDTA- or acid citrate dextrose-containing tubes in 1996 and 1997, had a 2-h maximum processing delay, and were assayed by RT-PCR). HIV-1 RNA levels in samples from the two cohorts were not significantly different after adjusting for CD4(+)-cell count and converting bDNA assay values to those corresponding to the RT-PCR results. In summary, the decay of HIV-1 RNA measured in heparinized blood after 6 h was small (-0.05 to -0.12 log(10) copies/ml), and the minor impact of this decay on HIV-1 RNA concentrations in archived plasma samples of the MACS was confirmed by the similarity of CD4(+)-cell counts and assay-adjusted HIV-1 RNA concentrations in the MACS and BCDTP. (+info)Performance of the Affymetrix GeneChip HIV PRT 440 platform for antiretroviral drug resistance genotyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades and viral isolates with length polymorphisms. (4/961)
The performance of a silica chip-based resequencing method, the Affymetrix HIV PRT 440 assay (hereafter referred to as the Affymetrix assay), was evaluated on a panel of well-characterized nonclade B viral isolates and on isolates exhibiting length polymorphisms. Sequencing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol cDNAs from clades A, C, D, E, and F resulted in clade-specific regions of base-calling ambiguities in regions not known to be associated with resistance polymorphisms, as well as a small number of spurious resistance polymorphisms. The Affymetrix assay failed to detect the presence of additional serine codons distal to reverse transcriptase (RT) codon 68 that are associated with multinucleoside RT inhibitor resistance. The increasing prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains in the United States and Europe and the identification of clinically relevant pol gene length polymorphisms will impact the generalizability of the Affymetrix assay, emphasizing the need to accommodate this expanding pool of pol genotypes in future assay versions. (+info)Determination of hepatitis C virus genotype by direct sequence analysis of products generated with the Amplicor HCV test. (5/961)
Consistent with other members of the family Flaviviridae, hepatitis C virus (HCV) demonstrates a high degree of sequence variation throughout the coding regions of its genome. However, there is a high degree of sequence conservation found within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the genome, making this region a target of choice for most nucleic acid amplification-based detection assays. In this study, the Amplicor HCV test, a commercially available assay which detects the 5'UTR, was used for the detection of HCV RNA in 669 serum samples obtained from a cohort of liver transplantation patients. Amplification products obtained from the HCV-positive cases were subjected to direct sequencing and genotyping based upon seven phylogenetically informative regions within the 5'UTR. Of the 669 specimens, 416 (62.2%) tested positive for the presence of HCV RNA. Of these, 372 (89.4%) specimens were successfully classified into 11 HCV genotypes and subtypes after computer-assisted analysis of the sequence data. Forty-four (10.6%) of the HCV RNA-positive specimens were not classifiable, the majority corresponding to low-titer specimens as determined by the Chiron Quantiplex HCV RNA 2. 0 assay. Additional comparative studies targeting the NS-5 region of the viral genome generally confirmed the accuracy and sensitivity of the 5'UTR-based classifications, with the exception of the misclassification of a small number of type 1a cases as type 1b. We conclude that although the high sequence conservation within the 5'UTR results in the misclassification of a small number of HCV subtypes, the overall gains of efficiency, the shorter turnaround time, the inclusion of contamination control measures, and the low rate of test failure compared to that of methods based on the NS-5 gene together constitute significant advantages over other techniques. (+info)Sensitive assays for isolation and detection of simian foamy retroviruses. (6/961)
Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are highly prevalent in a variety of nonhuman primate species ranging from prosimians to apes. SFVs possess a broad host range, and human infections can occur by cross-species transfer (W. Heneine et al., Nat. Med. 4:403-407, 1998). Retrovirus screening of potential sources of infection, such as laboratory research animals and simian-derived biological products, could minimize human exposure to SFVs by reducing the risk of potential retrovirus infection in humans. We describe a variety of sensitive assays for SFV isolation and detection which were developed with a prototype strain of SFV serotype 2. The Mus dunni cell line (M. R. Lander and S. K. Chattopadhyay, J. Virol. 52:695-698, 1984) was found to be highly sensitive for SFV production on the basis of various general and specific retrovirus detection assays such as reverse transcriptase assay, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blotting. A highly sensitive PCR assay was developed on the basis of the sequences in primary SFV isolates obtained from pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Analysis of naturally occurring SFV infection in macaques indicated that analysis by a combination of assays, including both highly sensitive, specific assays and less sensitive, broadly reactive assays, is important for evaluation of retrovirus infection. (+info)Culture-independent identification of microorganisms that respond to specified stimuli. (7/961)
A new approach that permits culture-independent identification of microorganisms that respond to specified stimuli was developed. This approach was illustrated by examination of microorganisms that grew in response to various nutrient supplements added to soil. A thymidine nucleotide analog, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and supplements were added to soil and incubated for 3 days. DNA was extracted from the soil, and the newly synthesized DNA was isolated by immunocapture of the BrdU-labeled DNA. The unique perspective this approach offers was demonstrated by comparing the microbial community structures obtained from total soil DNA and the BrdU-labeled fraction in an rRNA gene (rDNA) analysis. The traditional total DNA analysis revealed no notable differences between the treatments, whereas the BrdU-labeled DNA showed significantly different banding patterns between the nutrient supplement treatments and compared with total DNA banding patterns. PCR primers were developed to specifically amplify the intergenic region of an rDNA sequence unique to the BrdU analysis of a phosphate supplement treatment. Amplification of DNA from all treatments using these primers showed that it was unique to the phosphate treatment and that it was present in both the total DNA and BrdU-labeled DNA fractions. This result demonstrates the promise of this new strategy, because it was able to permit identification of a sequence from a phosphate-responsive organism that was not discernable in the traditional total DNA community structure analysis. (+info)Development and testing of a microbiological assay to detect residual effects of disinfectant on hard surfaces. (8/961)
We describe a glucuronidase bioassay for detecting residual bactericidal activity from the use of disinfectants on hard surfaces; in this assay we used formaldehyde, ethanol, isopropanol, chlorine, and a commercial preparation containing 2-bromo-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol. Chlorine and the commercial preparation showed bactericidal activity (53.5% and 98.2%, respectively) for a week after disinfection. (+info)'Bacteria' are single-celled, microscopic organisms belonging to the domain Bacteria, distinguished by their lack of membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.
Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.
'Microbiological techniques' refer to the various laboratory methods and procedures employed to isolate, cultivate, identify, and characterize microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, using aseptic techniques, media preparation, staining, microscopy, biochemical tests, genetic analysis, and automation.
Microbiological techniques refer to the various methods and procedures used in the laboratory for the cultivation, identification, and analysis of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. These techniques are essential in fields like medical microbiology, food microbiology, environmental microbiology, and industrial microbiology.
Some common microbiological techniques include:
1. Microbial culturing: This involves growing microorganisms on nutrient-rich media in Petri dishes or test tubes to allow them to multiply. Different types of media are used to culture different types of microorganisms.
2. Staining and microscopy: Various staining techniques, such as Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and methylene blue stain, are used to visualize and identify microorganisms under a microscope.
3. Biochemical testing: These tests involve the use of specific biochemical reactions to identify microorganisms based on their metabolic characteristics. Examples include the catalase test, oxidase test, and sugar fermentation tests.
4. Molecular techniques: These methods are used to identify microorganisms based on their genetic material. Examples include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and gene probes.
5. Serological testing: This involves the use of antibodies or antigens to detect the presence of specific microorganisms in a sample. Examples include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting.
6. Immunofluorescence: This technique uses fluorescent dyes to label antibodies or antigens, allowing for the visualization of microorganisms under a fluorescence microscope.
7. Electron microscopy: This method uses high-powered electron beams to produce detailed images of microorganisms, allowing for the identification and analysis of their structures.
These techniques are critical in diagnosing infectious diseases, monitoring food safety, assessing environmental quality, and developing new drugs and vaccines.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, creating thousands to millions of copies through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing and extension, aiding in various diagnostic applications.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.
The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.
In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
Cell spreader
Ronald Westphal (1988): Microbiological Techniques in School, page 34. Document No. 28 in the series Science and Technology ...
Inoculation loop
Ronald Westphal (1988): Microbiological Techniques in School, page 34. Document No. 28 in the series Science and Technology ...
Drigalski spatula
ISBN 9783642726101 Ronald Westphal (1988): Microbiological Techniques in School, page 34. Document No. 28 in the series Science ... "Mechanical damage to Gram-negative bacteria by surface plating with the Drigalski-spatula technique". International Journal of ... Chemical and Microbiological Water Examination and Quality Assurance, page 633. ...
Fusidic acid
"Preclinical evaluation of novel antibacterial agents by microbiological and molecular techniques". Expert Opinion on ...
Minimum inhibitory concentration
"Preclinical evaluation of novel antibacterial agents by microbiological and molecular techniques". Expert Opinion on ... and physician Alexander Fleming developed the broth dilution technique using the turbidity of the broth for assessment. This is ...
Science and invention in Birmingham
This includes medical and laboratory techniques, such as with microbiological cultures. It includes techniques like flame ... Many new manufacturing techniques are perfected, enabling the city's factories to mass-produce their pens cheaply and ... The largest example of aseptic techniques is in hospital operating theatres. J. R. R. Tolkien later bases The Lord of the Rings ... Gerzon later plays a large role in the invention of Ambisonics, which is a series of recording and replay techniques using ...
Marcel Baltazard
He improved his microbiological technique in René Legroux's laboratory in Institut Pasteur. He attended his medical thesis ...
Elaine Martin
She led a project with GlaxoSmithKline, looking at microbiological techniques for pharmaceutical processes. She contributed to ... They demonstrated that the projection to latent structures is a robust multivariate linear regression technique. She compared ...
Rudolf Kraus
Handbuch der mikrobiologischen Technik, (with Paul Uhlenhuth), 1923-24 - Handbook of microbiological techniques. 10 jahre ...
Robert Edgar Hope-Simpson
... new microbiological techniques enabled him to prove his point. He believed that a virus could commonly lie dormant in the human ...
ISO 14698
This is not intended for testing the performance of microbiological counting techniques of determining viable units. ... ISO 14698-2 gives guidance on basic principles and methodological requirements for all microbiological data evaluation, and the ...
Streaking (microbiology)
Aseptic techniques are used to maintain microbiological cultures and to prevent contamination of the growth medium. There are ... Picking a technique is a matter of individual preference and can also depend on how large the number of microbes the sample ... The technique is done by diluting a comparatively large concentration of bacteria to a smaller concentration. The decrease of ... Samples can then be taken from the resulting colonies and a microbiological culture can be grown on a new plate so that the ...
Benzylpenicillin
... serum concentrations can be monitored either by traditional microbiological assay or by more modern chromatographic techniques ... There are several techniques used to recover benzylpenicillin: aqueous two-phase extraction, liquid membrane extraction, ...
Löffler's medium
Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Microbiology techniques, Microbiological media, Diphtheria ... This medium has a variety of uses in microbiological investigations. The current formulation incorporated these later ...
Microbiome
The development of new techniques and equipment boosted microbiological research and caused paradigm shifts in understanding ... The development of new techniques and equipment has boosted microbiological research and caused paradigm shifts in ... There are different techniques for sampling a cetacean's gut microbiome. The most common is collecting fecal samples from the ... Borman, S., Russell, H. and Siuzdak, G., (2003) "A Mass Spec Timeline Developing techniques to measure mass has been a Nobel ...
Pasteurization
However, the microbiological techniques used until the 1960s did not allow for the actual reduction of bacteria to be ... Direct microbiological techniques are the ultimate measurement of pathogen contamination, but these are costly and time- ... As a result of the unsuitability of microbiological techniques, milk pasteurization efficacy is typically monitored by checking ... sake is pasteurized and it is interesting to note that a pasteurization technique was first mentioned in 1568 in the _Tamonin- ...
Biocontainment
Primary containment requires using proper storage containers, good microbiological technique, and the use of appropriate safety ... pdf Other sources Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (1999), 4th Edition, U.S. Department of Health and ... Richmond JY, McKinney RW (editors) (1999). Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (4th ed.). ISBN 0-7881-8513 ... WHO, 2006 Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition, 2007 (CDC) Clevestig, Peter (28 June 2009). ...
Isolation (microbiology)
If one expects or looks for a particularly fastidious organism, the microbiological culture and isolation techniques will have ... This same technique is utilized today through various mediums like Mannitol salt agar, a solid medium. Solid cultures were ... The laboratory techniques of isolating microbes first developed during the 19th century in the field of bacteriology and ... Historically, the laboratory techniques of isolation first developed in the field of bacteriology and parasitology (during the ...
Deep litter
"The deep litter cultivation is a modern ecological breeding technique based on decomposing feces by microbiological methods, a ...
Ultrapure water
... cover both the sampling of water lines and the subsequent microbiological analysis of the sample by the culture technique. The ... The technique of choice to detect these single particles has been to shine a light beam (a laser) through a small volume of UPW ... This technique involves using a nebulizer to create droplets of UPW suspended in a stream of air. These droplets are dried at a ... TOC can be measured in the grab sample at a concentration as low as 5 ppb, using the same technique employed for the on-line ...
Acid-fastness
Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using ... and the rest of the Kinyoun technique can be used. Various bacterial spore staining techniques using Kenyon e.g. Moeller's ... The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the Ziehl-Neelsen stain, in which the acid-fast ... M. Hayama; K. Oana; T. Kozakai; S. Umeda; J. Fujimoto; H. Ota; Y. Kawakami (2007). "PROPOSAL OF A SIMPLIFIED TECHNIQUE FOR ...
Subclinical infection
... in some cases their presence is only identified by microbiological culture or DNA techniques such as polymerase chain reaction ...
Impedance microbiology
... is a microbiological technique used to measure the microbial number density (mainly bacteria but also ... The technique has been also used in environmental monitoring to detect the coliform concentration in water samples as well as ... In impedance microbiology technique works this way, the sample with the initial unknown bacterial concentration (C0) is placed ... However, it was only in the late 1970s that, thanks to computer-controlled systems used to monitor impedance, the technique ...
Cell counting
Impedance microbiology is a rapid microbiological technique used to measure the microbial concentration (mainly bacteria but ... A range of image classification techniques can be employed for this purpose. At present, stereologic cell counting with manual ...
New York City agar
Criteria and techniques for the diagnosis of gonorrhea, USPHS, Atlanta, Ga. (Microbiology, Microbiological media, Cell culture ...
Émile Roux
... and established the first regular course on microbiological technique, which would become extremely influential in the training ... Roux began his research on the microbiological causation of diseases, and in this capacity worked with Pasteur on avian cholera ...
Replica plating
... is a microbiological technique in which one or more secondary Petri plates containing different solid (agar- ... The technique involves pressing a velveteen-covered disk, and then imprinting secondary plates with cells in colonies removed ... While first demonstrated with bacteria, velveteen based replica plating has also become a standard technique in the ...
Emanuel Edward Klein
Klein's training in Europe however allowed him to access the microbiological techniques developed by Louis Pasteur and Robert ...
Black band disease
... of the bacterial consortium associated with black band disease in coral using molecular microbiological techniques". ... The bacterial population has been characterized using molecular techniques and was found to contain over 500 species of ...
List of ISO standards 16000-17999
Sampling techniques for microbiological analysis of food and feed samples ISO 17740 Building construction machinery and ... Colony-count technique at 44 degrees C using membranes and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-glucuronide ISO 16649-2:2001 Part ... Security techniques - Testing methods for the mitigation of non-invasive attack classes against cryptographic modules ISO/IEC ... Microbiological limits ISO/TR 17522:2015 Health informatics - Provisions for health applications on mobile/smart devices ISO ...
WikiGenes - Microbiological Techniques
Associations of Microbiological Techniques with chemical compounds. *A microbiological technique was developed for quantitating ... High impact information on Microbiological Techniques. *The microbiological technique showed a significant decline in folic- ... Amikacin was assayed by a microbiological technique [5].. *Microbiologic techniques included the use of thiosulfate citrate ... Improved microbiological techniques using the polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for diagnosis and ...
Microbiological techniques - Dilution plating
At the end of this process:. Take a bottle of sterilised agar from the 45 C waterbath, where it has been kept just above setting temperature. Dry the outside of the bottle, and flame the top and neck area. Then WORK QUICKLY AND ASEPTICALLY:. Opening each Petri dish lid only slightly, pour nutrient agar into the dilution liquid already in the Petri dish, until it covers about two thirds of the area - although this is not critical.. Mix the agar with the dilution liquid by a gentle swirling action, then flame the mouth of the bottle and move on to pour another Petri dish. When the bottle is empty, wash it out with hot water.. Leave the dishes undisturbed FLAT ON THE BENCH to set - at least 10 minutes. Check the labelling.. Seal and invert the Petri dishes, and place them in the incubator at an appropriate temperature.. ...
Microbiological Techniques | Profiles RNS
"Microbiological Techniques" by people in this website by year, and whether "Microbiological Techniques" was a major or minor ... "Microbiological Techniques" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Microbiological Techniques" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Microbiological Techniques". ...
Analytica EBC | Microbiological Techniques | 2.1.2 - AutoclavingInvestigative Techniques - Microbiological Techniques | CU Experts | CU Boulder
Investigative Techniques - Microbiological Techniques PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * Archiving: Dont ... Investigative Techniques - Clinical Laboratory Techniques PubMed MeSh Term narrower concept * Investigative Techniques - ... Investigative Techniques - Microbial Sensitivity Tests PubMed MeSh Term * Investigative Techniques - Viral Load PubMed MeSh ... Investigative Techniques - Colony Count, Microbial PubMed MeSh Term * ...
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Results of search for su:{Microbiological techniques.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ... by International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods.. Series: Micro-organisms in foods ; 5:Material type: ... by International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods.. Series: Micro-organisms in foods ; 6Material type: ... Development and use of microbiological criteria for foods / Institute of Food Science and Technology. by Institute of Food ...
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF DIESEL FUEL USED IN FARMING TECHNIQUES - STUME Journals
Microbiological processes associated with the formation of molds, fungi, bacteria. They all cause damage to the engine, in ... The article shows the check you of diesel fuels used agricultural machinery for the presence of chemical and microbiological ... Instability is caused by chemical and microbiological processes. The chemical processes related to the formation of asphaltenes ... CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF DIESEL FUEL USED IN FARMING TECHNIQUES *Stoyanov V.1 ...
Air Sampler Articles | Environmental XPRT
Comparing Microbiological Air Monitoring Techniques for Critical Environments Abstract This paper discusses the use of active ... Particle impaction onto an adhesive surface (non-viable) or into culture media (viable) are the most widely used techniques to ... Compressed gases Materials and equipment that could compromise product microbiological quality Cleaning ... ...
Multifrequency Impedance Measurement Technique for Wireless Characterization of Microbiological Cell Cultures<...
Multifrequency Impedance Measurement Technique for Wireless Characterization of Microbiological Cell Cultures. in: Review of ... Multifrequency Impedance Measurement Technique for Wireless Characterization of Microbiological Cell Cultures. J Wissenwasser, ... Multifrequency Impedance Measurement Technique for Wireless Characterization of Microbiological Cell Cultures. / Wissenwasser, ... title = "Multifrequency Impedance Measurement Technique for Wireless Characterization of Microbiological Cell Cultures", ...
APPLICATION OF MODERN MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY TREATABLE CHRONIC BACTERIAL AIRWAY INFECTION IN SEVERE...
Analyzing improvements to synthetic and biological nitrification inhibition using modern microbiological techniques and...
Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome on Single Intramuscular Administration in Osmanabadi Goats by Microbiological Assay Technique -...
Keywords : Cefquinome Intramuscular Microbiological Assay Technique Osmanabadi Goats Pharmacokinetics Full Text Read : 1307 ... Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome on Single Intramuscular Administration in Osmanabadi Goats by Microbiological Assay Technique M ... 2 mg/kg body weight by microbiological assay technique. The peak serum concentration, absorption half-life, distribution half- ...
ISO/TS 17728:2015 - Microbiology of the food chain - Sampling techniques for microbiological analysis of food and feed samples
Sampling techniques for microbiological analysis of food and feed samples ... Sampling techniques for microbiological analysis of food and feed samples. Status : Published (To be revised) This standard was ... ISO/TS 17728:2015 applies to the collection of samples before submission to the laboratory for microbiological examination. It ...
Cell spreader - Wikipedia
Climate and sustainability | Fields of study | Corporate Academy | University of Groningen
Malassezia pachydermatis Carriage in Dog Owners - Volume 11, Number 1-January 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
A microbiological assay technique for hands. Health Lab Sci. 1973;10:18-22.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... The cytologic collection technique used for skin was the tape strip method (14). A piece of clear cellophane tape (5 cm x 2 cm ... Clinical and microbiological features of infection with Malassezia pachydermatis in high-risk infants. J Infect Dis. 1988;157: ... The culture technique we used for human hands appears to be inadequate for screening purposes; however, we do not know the ...
The early years 1847-1862 | Institut Pasteur
Biomedicine MSci Hons (C703) - Lancaster University
Microbiological Techniques When we look at ourselves in the mirror the last thing we consider is that we are only 10% human due ... Biochemical Techniques This module aims to provide a foundation in the core techniques utilised in protein purification. ... Introduction to protein purification and bulk preliminary purification techniques. *Chromatography techniques for protein ... The techniques used to study cells will also be reviewed. The next two lectures will look in detail at the structure and ...
New Research on Detection and Removal of Emerging Pollutants
Following that, the focus shifted to the microbiological technique of degrading petroleum pollutants and the mechanism of the ... Finally, the limitations of existing integrated microbiological techniques are highlighted. Full article ... A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook ... The Effect of Sample Preparation and Measurement Techniques on Heavy Metals Concentrations in Soil: Case Study from Kraków, ...
E2897 Standard Guide for Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Hand Hygiene Topical Antimicrobial Products using ex vivo Porcine...
5.2 The techniques described can be used to simulate T ... as a surrogate for human skin and the cup scrub technique for ... 1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.. 1.3 This standard guide can be used to evaluate ... 5.2 The techniques described can be used to simulate Test Method E1174 and will use the pigskin substrate to overcome ... the effectiveness of topical antimicrobial products using pigskin as a surrogate for human skin and the cup scrub technique for ...
Course - Microbiology - TBT4110 - NTNU
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Show Me the Science | Hand Hygiene | CDC
The microbial profile of a tissue necrosis affecting the Atlantic invasive coral Tubastraea tagusensis | Scientific Reports
Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Research Programs and Projects at this Location : USDA ARS
Several analytical, chemical, physical, microbiological, and genetic techniques will be employed to achieve the project goals. ... Chemical and physical techniques will be used to formulate ingredients and food products from seed kernels and to isolate high ... Various physical and chemical techniques will be employed at the laboratory level to study seed durability and hardness. Some ... developmental work will be needed to develop a technique that can be used to test for seed durability. ...
Events on 26 July 2023 - Institute of Biomedical ScienceMicrobiologyMethodsMicroorganismsAseptic TechniqueBiotechnology1988BacterialLaboratoriesContaminationImmunologicalMeSHMicrobialPracticeSpectroscopicCharacterizeAgarExaminationDiagnosticAssessmentCultivationInvestigationsSamplesAnalytical techniquesCulturesTermsMolecular biologyStudyStandardProceduresResearchAnalysisScienceExperienceGrowthDiagnosisPathogensMicroscopyYearCollectionDetermineAlternativeBacteriaPreparationTestPublications
Microbiology4
- Techniques used in microbiology. (sdsu.edu)
- diploma) with a focus on microbiology and have experience with successful application of molecular and microbiological techniques. (fems-microbiology.org)
- My profession is teaching the bachelor students the practical sessions in Microbiology and Immunology with advanced teaching techniques. (researchgate.net)
- This three-year degree programme allows you to develop your knowledge of microbiology and related subjects in the first year, alongside your training in essential scientific methods and techniques. (uea.ac.uk)
Methods7
- You will be able to identify individual species and grow them in pure culture, using aseptic techniques so that they can be safely handled and examined by microbiological methods. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- Experience in quality assurance, laboratory methods and research in microbiological science. (livecareer.com)
- The series of chapters on techniques describes methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey for planning and conducting water-resources investigations. (usgs.gov)
- Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples" is the fourth chapter to be published under Section A of Book 5. (usgs.gov)
- This chapter was prepared by several aquatic biologists and microbiologists of the U.S. Geological Survey to provide accurate and precise methods for the collection and analysis of aquatic biological and microbiological samples. (usgs.gov)
- I have a good experience in Microbiological techniques as bacterial and mycological isolation and serological methods as precipitation, agglutination, ELISA and western blot. (researchgate.net)
- Spectroscopic methods offer a near-instantaneous result that can be much more straightforward to interpret than microbiological methods. (azooptics.com)
Microorganisms3
- ExaJessicae activities and characteristics of microorganisms using microbiological techniques. (livecareer.com)
- You will cover a range of classical and molecular microbiological techniques, which are essential for the cultivation and study of microorganisms. (uea.ac.uk)
- Describes the most probable number technique, which is inherently imprecise but particularly useful for enumerating low levels of microorganisms. (standards.govt.nz)
Aseptic Technique1
- Our scientists isolate PBMCs and CBMCs using aseptic technique and good microbiological practice. (reprocell.com)
Biotechnology6
- The NPA prepares candidates for employment at technician or technologist level in research and industrial laboratories, or in the biotechnology, chemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries. (sqa.org.uk)
- This NPA could open up employment opportunities as a laboratory technician in the biotechnology, chemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and environmental industries. (sqa.org.uk)
- During the course of your degree you will study modules such as Virology, Biotechnology, Bacterial disease mechanisms, Microbiomes and Advanced Microbiological Techniques. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- You will study modules such as Virology, Biotechnology and Advanced Microbiological Techniques. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- Chemical biotechnology involves the use of the tools and techniques of chemistry to understand and manipulate biological processes. (brocku.ca)
- Gene biotechnology involves the use of DNA technology, bioinformatics and microbiological techniques to study biological phenomena. (brocku.ca)
19881
- Ronald Westphal (1988): Microbiological Techniques in School, page 34. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial1
- Check out our bacterial growth media chart (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-culture/microbiological-culture/bacterial-growth-media.html). (thermofisher.com)
Laboratories2
- Before implementing a BSL-2+, the essential first step is to conduct a biosafety risk assessment in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). (eheinc.com)
- Among other things, the most medically relevant pathogens of infectious diseases and the basic techniques for detecting microbial agents in microbiological laboratories are introduced. (cuni.cz)
Contamination2
- Hanadi Rifai, professor of civil and environmental engineering and director of the environmental engineering graduate program at the UH Cullen College of Engineering, will characterize the chemical and microbiological contamination in Houston waterways after Harvey. (uh.edu)
- For assessment of microbiological contamination, cell cultures or agar growths are used to cultivate samples for analysis. (azooptics.com)
Immunological1
- My research is directed to Cancer therapy by targetted nanobodies, and Microbiological and immunological studies. (researchgate.net)
MeSH1
- Microbiological Techniques" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (sdsu.edu)
Microbial1
- Roadmap for Medical Research, to discover microbiological techniques to isolate and what microbial communities exist in dif- grow the bacteria sampled from the skin. (nih.gov)
Practice1
- 1.3 This practice should only be performed by those trained in microbiological techniques. (en-standard.eu)
Spectroscopic1
- Screening techniques to detect adulteration are being developed using spectroscopic techniques, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and near infrared (NIR) combined with chemometric modeling. (aoac.org)
Characterize1
- Emphasis should be placed on state-of-the-art techniques to characterize the prostatic secretions of men with chronic prostatitis. (nih.gov)
Agar1
- In this course, students learn microbiological techniques such as preparation of agar plates, isolation of bacteria from food, serial dilution, and plating. (bioone.org)
Examination1
- Microbiological examination for dairy purposes. (standards.govt.nz)
Diagnostic1
- During "Microbe Hunting in the 21st Century," Lipkin will discuss state-of-the-art diagnostic and surveillance techniques that he and his colleagues use to rapidly assess and respond to new pathogenic microbes so that disease outbreaks may be mitigated and potentially averted. (nih.gov)
Assessment1
- These assessment techniques will allow us to conduct a detailed investigation of the health hazards to area communities after Harvey," Rifai said. (uh.edu)
Cultivation2
- The problem with the collection and cultivation of microbiological species is that the samples pose a biohazard in themselves, and it can be challenging to perform the cultivations and analysis correctly without extensive laboratory infrastructures. (azooptics.com)
- Some cultivation techniques require very skilled experimentalists and the microbiological growth process can also be very time-consuming. (azooptics.com)
Investigations1
- The debate on the management of VAP has often been characterized as a comparison of directed therapy (i.e., guided by microbiological investigations) vs. empirical therapy, as reflected in the American Thoracic Society guidelines. (medscape.com)
Samples2
- Samples were taken from dogs with normal skin and ear canals (defined as no episodes of skin disease in the preceding calendar year and no evidence of inflammation at the time of sampling) and their human companions by using the same techniques as for the disease group. (cdc.gov)
- All samples were analyzed for yeasts, molds, and mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria by standard microbiological techniques. (cdc.gov)
Analytical techniques2
- The research areas that I am involved in are development of platform for metabolomics, application of analytical techniques like mass spectrometry for measurement of molecules in biological matrices and development/improvement of analytical instruments in collaboration with instrument manufacturers. (mdx.ac.uk)
- Speakers examined chemometric approaches used with various analytical techniques as they are being applied by the food industry, regulators, and other stakeholders. (aoac.org)
Cultures1
- 3. Characterisation of prototype Nurmi cultures using culture-based microbiological techniques and PCR-DGGE. (nih.gov)
Terms1
- The impact of quantitative tracheal aspirates or bronchoscopic techniques was comparable in terms of mortality. (medscape.com)
Molecular biology4
- By using molecular biology and fluorescence microscopy-based techniques (e. g. microfluidics), the candidate will explore how the cyclic di-nucleotide c-di-GMP links environmental signals with cell division. (fems-microbiology.org)
- This involves studying the effect of relevant genes on the adhesion and biofilm formation of staphylococci to medical device surfaces using various molecular biology techniques and whole genome sequencing. (swansea.ac.uk)
- My interest is about cloning and expression techniques and everything associated with molecular biology, I am working right now in a research project called (Cancer therapy by plasmonic photothermal therapy using gold nanorods after near infrared radiation). (researchgate.net)
- My research interest is directed to the gene cloning , protein expression and different Molecular biology techniques. (researchgate.net)
Study1
- Prospective study of the microbiological flora of hearing aid moulds and the efficacy of current cleaning techniques. (cochlear.com)
Standard2
- Standard microbiological techniques were used. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clinical specimens were processed using standard microbiological techniques. (health.gov.au)
Procedures2
Research2
- and is part of the lecturing team for modules PM-200 Skills for Geneticists II , PM-250/PM-250C Infectious Disease & Parasitology, PM-315/PM-315C Skills for Geneticists III, PM-304/PM-304C Biomolecular Research Project, PM-357/PM-357C Biomedical Laboratory Techniques, PM-344C Prosiect Capfaen (Capstone project) and PM-402/PM-402C Advanced Research Project B. (swansea.ac.uk)
- I extended these techniques when transitioning from studying invertebrates to vertebrates, with my postdoctoral research examining the role of the gut microbiota in mediating health, physiology and behaviour of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar . (staffs.ac.uk)
Analysis1
- A technique or tool used to analyze choices for complex decisions, by organizing them, for analysis, into a tree structure. (nih.gov)
Science1
- Please go here to read more about the properties of GlutaMAX supplement (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-culture/mammalian-cell-culture/media-supplements/glutamax-media/glutamax-vs-glutamine.html). (thermofisher.com)
Experience1
- I have worked with Drosophila in both laboratory and field settings for over eight years, and I have a wealth of experience in conducting large-scale mating experiments and microbiological assays. (staffs.ac.uk)
Growth1
- The en- hancement of Typha by elevated nutrients and increased flooding is associated with a syndrome of life history characteristics that includes rapid growth rates, high tissue con- centrations of P, tall leaves, and a greater response to contrasting environmental conditions. (researchgate.net)
Diagnosis1
- This concept is midway between two controversial positions: the exclusive use of an empirical antibiotic prescription after a clinical diagnosis and the approach that advocates the use bronchoscopic techniques to manage patients with VAP. (medscape.com)
Pathogens1
- Lipkin and his team of investigators continue to pioneer cutting- edge tools and techniques to accelerate the discovery of new pathogens and enable rapid, regional responses to outbreaks. (nih.gov)
Microscopy1
- She is also competent in using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and immunolabelling techniques. (swansea.ac.uk)
Year2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Microbiological Techniques" by people in this website by year, and whether "Microbiological Techniques" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (sdsu.edu)
- In your second year, you will develop and enhance these skills and select optional modules according to your own microbiological interests. (uea.ac.uk)
Collection3
- The cytologic collection technique used for skin was the tape strip method ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
- Information on the collection of personal data according to article 13 GDPR can be found at https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/datenschutzhinweis-bewerbungen/ . (fems-microbiology.org)
- The AGI technique utilizing peptone or aqueous betaine collection media was used in the summer and winter. (cdc.gov)
Determine1
- Rifai's proposal, funded with an $181,801 grant, calls for using advanced metagenomics techniques to determine the microbiological condition of Houston's waterways after Harvey. (uh.edu)
Alternative1
- Gopal A, Coventry J, Wan J , Roginski H, Ajlouni A (2010) Alternative disinfection techniques to extend the shelf life of minimally processed iceberg lettuce. (iit.edu)
Bacteria2
Preparation1
- Simon Haughey, Queen's University Belfast, noted that these techniques are gaining prominence due to their ease of use, rapidity, and minimal sample preparation with potential to be used by stakeholders in the field. (aoac.org)
Test2
- This test method is designed to demonstrate and document that reusable devices and medical instruments can be disinfected using a specified technique. (astm.org)
- I use a multi-faceted approach, combining behavioural trials and observations with microbiological and molecular techniques, to test a number of ecological predictions. (staffs.ac.uk)
Publications1
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Microbiological Techniques" by people in Profiles. (sdsu.edu)
