The number of offspring produced at one birth by a viviparous animal.
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Permanent deprivation of breast milk and commencement of nourishment with other food. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.
The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.
Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.
The adaptive superiority of the heterozygous GENOTYPE with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding HOMOZYGOTE.
Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
The number of males per 100 females.
Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.
A principle of estimation in which the estimates of a set of parameters in a statistical model are those quantities minimizing the sum of squared differences between the observed values of a dependent variable and the values predicted by the model.
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.
The potential of the FETUS to survive outside the UTERUS after birth, natural or induced. Fetal viability depends largely on the FETAL ORGAN MATURITY, and environmental conditions.
The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.
Nutritional physiology of animals.
The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.
Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The consumption of edible substances.
Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.
A subfamily of MURIDAE found nearly world-wide and consisting of about 20 genera. Voles, lemmings, and muskrats are members.
The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.
A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.
The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).
Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
The consumption of animal flesh.
'Housing, Animal' refers to the physical structure or environment designed and constructed to provide shelter, protection, and specific living conditions for various domestic or captive animals, meeting their biological and behavioral needs while ensuring their welfare and well-being.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.
An imbalanced NUTRITIONAL STATUS resulting from excessive intake of nutrients. Generally, overnutrition generates an energy imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure leading to disorders such as OBESITY.
A chlorinated organic herbicide.
An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception.
The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.
The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.
The capability of bearing live young (rather than eggs) in nonmammalian species. Some species of REPTILES and FISHES exhibit this.
The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.
Methods for recognizing the state of ESTRUS.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Four individuals derived from four FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.
Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
Blocking the process leading to OVULATION. Various factors are known to inhibit ovulation, such as neuroendocrine, psychological, and pharmacological agents.
The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.

Precocious estrus and reproductive ability induced by PG 600 in prepuberal gilts. (1/1396)

A total of 29 SPF Large White prepuberal gilts (mean age 152 days at treatment) were examined for estrous and ovulatory responses after PG 600 treatment. After treatment, 85.2% of the gilts showed standing estrus within 6 days. Whereas the treatment-to-estrus interval and duration were 3.7 and 1.9 days respectively. As ovulation occurred on Day 5 to 6, appropriate timing of artificial insemination would be about 4 days after treatment. Fertility of gilts revealed to be excellent, giving rise to a high percentage of normal embryos, 85.3%. Meanwhile, development and growth of fetuses were mostly normal. Other reproductive performances recorded were: mean litter size 6.8; mean birth weight 1.26 kg; weaning-to-return estrus interval 5 to 8 days. In conclusion, PG 600 was found to be useful in inducing fertile estrus in prepuberal gilts, a result which will be of interest for commercial pig farms.  (+info)

Telomere shortening in mTR-/- embryos is associated with failure to close the neural tube. (2/1396)

Mice genetically deficient for the telomerase RNA (mTR) can be propagated for only a limited number of generations. In particular, mTR-/- mice of a mixed C57BL6/129Sv genetic background are infertile at the sixth generation and show serious hematopoietic defects. Here, we show that a percentage of mTR-/- embryos do not develop normally and fail to close the neural tube, preferentially at the forebrain and midbrain. The penetrance of this defect increases with the generation number, with 30% of the mTR-/- embryos from the fifth generation showing the phenotype. Moreover, mTR-/- kindreds in a pure C57BL6 background are only viable up to the fourth generation and also show defects in the closing of the neural tube. Cells derived from mTR-/- embryos that fail to close the neural tube have significantly shorter telomeres and decreased viability than their mTR-/- littermates with a closed neural tube, suggesting that the neural tube defect is a consequence of the loss of telomere function. The fact that the main defect detected in mTR-/- embryos is in the closing of the neural tube, suggests that this developmental process is among the most sensitive to telomere loss and chromosomal instability.  (+info)

Production of germfree mice by embryo transfer. (3/1396)

We applied the embryo transfer technique to germfree (GF) mouse production. Embryos harvested from superovulated mice were transferred aseptically, in a sterile environment, to the uterus of GF recipient females which had been mated with vasectomized GF males. One of the recipients became pregnant and delivered offspring. Sterility tests confirmed that the vasectomized males, newborns, recipient female mice, embryo-containing culture media, and the inside of the vinyl film isolator were germfree. These results suggest that the embryo transfer technique can be successfully applied to the production of GF mice.  (+info)

Ontogeny of intestinal safety factors: lactase capacities and lactose loads. (4/1396)

We measured intestinal safety factors (ratio of a physiological capacity to the load on it) for lactose digestion in developing rat pups. Specifically, we assessed the quantitative relationships between lactose load and the series capacities of lactase and the Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT-1). Both capacities increased significantly with age in suckling pups as a result of increasing intestinal mass and maintenance of mass-specific activities. The youngest pups examined (5 days) had surprisingly high safety factors of 8-13 for both lactase and SGLT-1, possibly because milk contains lactase substrates other than lactose; it also, however, suggests that their intestinal capacities were being prepared to meet future demands rather than just current ones. By day 10 (and also at day 15), increased lactose loads resulted in lower safety factors of 4-6, values more typical of adult intestines. The safety factor of SGLT-1 in day 30 (weanling) and day 100 (adult) rats was only approximately 1.0. This was initially unexpected, because most adult intestines maintain a modest reserve capacity beyond nutrient load values, but postweaning rats appear to use hindgut fermentation, assessed by gut morphology and hydrogen production assays, as a built-in reserve capacity. The series capacities of lactase and SGLT-1 varied in concert with each other over ontogeny and as lactose load was manipulated by experimental variation in litter size.  (+info)

Comparative expression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in ovarian follicles from high and low prolific sheep breeds. (5/1396)

Expression of gonadotropin receptors and granulosa cell sensitivity to gonadotropin hormones by small (1-3 mm) and large (3.5-7 mm) follicles were compared in Romanov (ROM, ovulation rate = 3) and Ile-de-France (IF, ovulation rate = 1) ewes in the early and late follicular phase. In healthy follicles, LH receptor levels in granulosa cells increased with increasing follicular size (p < 0. 001) while FSH receptor levels decreased (p < 0.05). In granulosa cells of large follicles, LH receptor (LHR) mRNA levels were greater in the late than in the early follicular phase (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, for ROM and IF, respectively). In the early follicular phase, LHR levels in granulosa (p < 0.001) and theca cells (p < 0.05) of small follicles were greater in ROM than in IF ewes. FSH receptor mRNA levels in granulosa cells of small and large ROM follicles were greater than in the corresponding IF follicles (p < 0.05). Finally, a greater responsiveness (increase in cAMP secretion) to both FSH and hCG was observed by granulosa cells collected during the early follicular phase from ROM vs. IF ewes. Data provide evidence that the greater ovulation rate in the ROM as compared to the IF breed is associated with a greater gonadotropin responsiveness during the early follicular phase.  (+info)

Genetic determination of individual birth weight and its association with sow productivity traits using Bayesian analyses. (6/1396)

Genetic association between individual birth weight (IBW) and litter birth weight (LBW) was analyzed on records of 14,950 individual pigs born alive between 1988 and 1994 at the pig breeding farm of the University of Kiel. Dams were from three purebred lines (German Landrace, German Edelschwein, and Large White) and their crosses. Phenotypically, preweaning mortality of pigs decreased substantially from 40% for pigs with < or = 1 kg weight to less than 7% for pigs with > 1.6 kg. For these low to high birth weight categories, preweaning growth (d 21 of age) and early postweaning growth (weaning to 25 kg) increased by more than 28 and 8% per day, respectively. Bayesian analysis was performed based on direct-maternal effects models for IBW and multiple-trait direct effects models for number of pigs born in total (NOBT) and alive (NOBA) and LBW. Bayesian posterior means for direct and maternal heritability and litter proportion of variance in IBW were .09, .26, and .18, respectively. After adjustment for NOBT, these changed to .08, .22, and .09, respectively. Adjustment for NOBT reduced the direct and maternal genetic correlation from -.41 to -.22. For these direct-maternal correlations, the 95% highest posterior density intervals were -.75 to -.07, and -.58 to .17 before and after adjustment for NOBT. Adjustment for NOBT was found to be necessary to obtain unbiased estimates of genetic effects for IBW. The relationship between IBW and NOBT, and thus the adjustment, was linear with a decrease in IBW of 44 g per additionally born pig. For litter traits, direct heritabilities were .10, .08, and .08 for NOBT, NOBA, and LBW, respectively. After adjustment of LBW for NOBA the heritability changed to .43. Expected variance components for LBW derived from estimates of IBW revealed that genetic and environmental covariances between full-sibs and variation in litter size resulted in the large deviation of maternal heritability for IBW and its equivalent estimate for LBW. These covariances among full-sibs could not be estimated if only LBW were recorded. Therefore, selection for increased IBW is recommended, with the opportunity to improve both direct and maternal genetic effects of birth weight of pigs and, thus, their vitality and pre- and postnatal growth.  (+info)

Bayesian analysis of birth weight and litter size in Baluchi sheep using Gibbs sampling. (7/1396)

Variance and covariance components for birth weight (BWT), as a lamb trait, and litter size measured on ewes in the first, second, and third parities (LS1 through LS3) were estimated using a Bayesian application of the Gibbs sampler. Data came from Baluchi sheep born between 1966 and 1989 at the Abbasabad sheep breeding station, located northeast of Mashhad, Iran. There were 10,406 records of BWT recorded for all ewe lambs and for ram lambs that later became sires or maternal grandsires. All lambs that later became dams had records of LS1 through LS3. Separate bivariate analyses were done for each combination of BWT and one of the three variables LS1 through LS3. The Gibbs sampler with data augmentation was used to draw samples from the marginal posterior distribution for sire, maternal grandsire, and residual variances and the covariance between the sire and maternal grandsire for BWT, variances for the sire and residual variances for the litter size traits, and the covariances between sire effects for different trait combinations, sire and maternal grandsire effects for different combinations of BWT and LS1 through LS3, and the residual covariations between traits. Although most of the densities of estimates were slightly skewed, they seemed to fit the normal distribution well, because the mean, mode, and median were similar. Direct and maternal heritabilities for BWT were relatively high with marginal posterior modes of .14 and .13, respectively. The average of the three direct-maternal genetic correlation estimates for BWT was low, .10, but had a high standard deviation. Heritability increased from LS1 to LS3 and was relatively high, .29 to .37. Direct genetic correlations between BWT and LS1 and between BWT and LS3 were negative, -.32 and -.43, respectively. Otherwise, the same correlation between BWT and LS2 was positive and low, .06. Genetic correlations between maternal effects for BWT and direct effects for LS1 through LS3 were all highly negative and consistent for all parities, circa -.75. Environmental correlations between BWT and LS1 through LS3 were relatively low and ranged from .18 to .29 and had high standard errors.  (+info)

Responses in ovulation rate, embryonal survival, and litter traits in swine to 14 generations of selection to increase litter size. (8/1396)

Eleven generations of selection for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonal survival rate, followed by three generations of selection for litter size, were practiced. Laparotomy was used to count corpora lutea and fetuses at 50 d of gestation. High-indexing gilts, approximately 30%, were farrowed. Sons of dams in the upper 10% of the distribution were selected. Selection from Generations 12 to 14 was for increased number of fully formed pigs; replacements were from the largest 25% of the litters. A randomly selected control line was maintained. Responses at Generation 11 were approximately 7.4 ova and 3.8 fetuses at 50 d of gestation (P < .01) and 2.3 fully formed pigs (P < .01) and 1.1 live pigs at birth (P < .05). Responses at Generation 14 were three fully formed pigs (P < .01) and 1.4 live pigs (P < .05) per litter. Number of pigs weaned declined (P < .05) in the index line. Total litter weight weaned did not change significantly. Ovulation rate and number of fetuses had positive genetic correlations with number of stillborn pigs per litter. Significantly greater rate of inbreeding and increased litter size at 50 d of gestation in the select line may have contributed to greater fetal losses in late gestation, greater number of stillborn pigs, and lighter pigs at birth, leading to lower preweaning viability. Heritabilities of traits were between 8 and 25%. Genetic improvement programs should emphasize live-born pigs and perhaps weight of live-born pigs because of undesirable genetic relationships of ovulation rate and number of fetuses with numbers of stillborn and mummified pigs and because birth weight decreased as litter size increased.  (+info)

Litter size is a term used in veterinary medicine, particularly in relation to breeding of animals. It refers to the number of offspring that are born to an animal during one pregnancy. For example, in the case of dogs or cats, it would be the number of kittens or puppies born in a single litter. The size of the litter can vary widely depending on the species, breed, age, and health status of the parent animals.

In medical terms, "breeding" is not a term that is commonly used. It is more frequently used in the context of animal husbandry to refer to the process of mating animals in order to produce offspring with specific desired traits or characteristics. In human medicine, the term is not typically applied to people and instead, related concepts such as reproduction, conception, or pregnancy are used.

Reproduction, in the context of biology and medicine, refers to the process by which organisms produce offspring. It is a complex process that involves the creation, development, and growth of new individuals from parent organisms. In sexual reproduction, this process typically involves the combination of genetic material from two parents through the fusion of gametes (sex cells) such as sperm and egg cells. This results in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into a new individual with a unique genetic makeup.

In contrast, asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and can occur through various mechanisms such as budding, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that ensures the survival and continuation of species over time. It is also an area of active research in fields such as reproductive medicine, where scientists and clinicians work to understand and address issues related to human fertility, contraception, and genetic disorders.

Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant or young child to a new source of nutrition, such as solid foods, while simultaneously decreasing their dependence on breast milk or formula. This process can begin when the child is developmentally ready, typically around 6 months of age, and involves offering them small amounts of pureed or mashed foods to start, then gradually introducing more textured and varied foods as they become comfortable with the new diet. The weaning process should be done slowly and under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure that the child's nutritional needs are being met and to avoid any potential digestive issues.

Ovulation is the medical term for the release of a mature egg from an ovary during a woman's menstrual cycle. The released egg travels through the fallopian tube where it may be fertilized by sperm if sexual intercourse has occurred recently. If the egg is not fertilized, it will break down and leave the body along with the uterine lining during menstruation. Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle, but the timing can vary widely from woman to woman and even from cycle to cycle in the same woman.

During ovulation, there are several physical changes that may occur in a woman's body, such as an increase in basal body temperature, changes in cervical mucus, and mild cramping or discomfort on one side of the lower abdomen (known as mittelschmerz). These symptoms can be used to help predict ovulation and improve the chances of conception.

It's worth noting that some medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian failure, may affect ovulation and make it difficult for a woman to become pregnant. In these cases, medical intervention may be necessary to help promote ovulation and increase the chances of conception.

Lactation is the process by which milk is produced and secreted from the mammary glands of female mammals, including humans, for the nourishment of their young. This physiological function is initiated during pregnancy and continues until it is deliberately stopped or weaned off. The primary purpose of lactation is to provide essential nutrients, antibodies, and other bioactive components that support the growth, development, and immune system of newborns and infants.

The process of lactation involves several hormonal and physiological changes in a woman's body. During pregnancy, the hormones estrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth and development of the mammary glands. After childbirth, the levels of these hormones drop significantly, allowing another hormone called prolactin to take over. Prolactin is responsible for triggering the production of milk in the alveoli, which are tiny sacs within the breast tissue.

Another hormone, oxytocin, plays a crucial role in the release or "let-down" of milk from the alveoli to the nipple during lactation. This reflex is initiated by suckling or thinking about the baby, which sends signals to the brain to release oxytocin. The released oxytocin then binds to receptors in the mammary glands, causing the smooth muscles around the alveoli to contract and push out the milk through the ducts and into the nipple.

Lactation is a complex and highly regulated process that ensures the optimal growth and development of newborns and infants. It provides not only essential nutrients but also various bioactive components, such as immunoglobulins, enzymes, and growth factors, which protect the infant from infections and support their immune system.

In summary, lactation is the physiological process by which milk is produced and secreted from the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young. It involves hormonal changes, including the actions of prolactin, oxytocin, estrogen, and progesterone, to regulate the production, storage, and release of milk.

"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Fertility is the natural ability to conceive or to cause conception of offspring. In humans, it is the capacity of a woman and a man to reproduce through sexual reproduction. For women, fertility usually takes place during their reproductive years, which is from adolescence until menopause. A woman's fertility depends on various factors including her age, overall health, and the health of her reproductive system.

For men, fertility can be affected by a variety of factors such as age, genetics, general health, sexual function, and environmental factors that may affect sperm production or quality. Factors that can negatively impact male fertility include exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Infertility is a common medical condition affecting about 10-15% of couples trying to conceive. Infertility can be primary or secondary. Primary infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse, while secondary infertility refers to the inability to conceive following a previous pregnancy.

Infertility can be treated with various medical and surgical interventions depending on the underlying cause. These may include medications to stimulate ovulation, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities.

Body weight is the measure of the force exerted on a scale or balance by an object's mass, most commonly expressed in units such as pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg). In the context of medical definitions, body weight typically refers to an individual's total weight, which includes their skeletal muscle, fat, organs, and bodily fluids.

Healthcare professionals often use body weight as a basic indicator of overall health status, as it can provide insights into various aspects of a person's health, such as nutritional status, metabolic function, and risk factors for certain diseases. For example, being significantly underweight or overweight can increase the risk of developing conditions like malnutrition, diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.

It is important to note that body weight alone may not provide a complete picture of an individual's health, as it does not account for factors such as muscle mass, bone density, or body composition. Therefore, healthcare professionals often use additional measures, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood tests, to assess overall health status more comprehensively.

"Animal pregnancy" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. However, in biological terms, animal pregnancy refers to the condition where a fertilized egg (or eggs) implants and develops inside the reproductive tract of a female animal, leading to the birth of offspring (live young).

The specific details of animal pregnancy can vary widely between different species, with some animals exhibiting phenomena such as placental development, gestation periods, and hormonal changes that are similar to human pregnancy, while others may have very different reproductive strategies.

It's worth noting that the study of animal pregnancy and reproduction is an important area of biological research, as it can provide insights into fundamental mechanisms of embryonic development, genetics, and evolution.

In medical terms, parity refers to the number of times a woman has given birth to a viable fetus, usually defined as a pregnancy that reaches at least 20 weeks' gestation. It is often used in obstetrics and gynecology to describe a woman's childbearing history and to assess potential risks associated with childbirth.

Parity is typically categorized as follows:

* Nulliparous: A woman who has never given birth to a viable fetus.
* Primiparous: A woman who has given birth to one viable fetus.
* Multiparous: A woman who has given birth to more than one viable fetus.

In some cases, parity may also consider the number of pregnancies that resulted in stillbirths or miscarriages, although this is not always the case. It's important to note that parity does not necessarily reflect the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, only those that resulted in viable births.

"Suckling animals" refers to young mammals that are in the process of nursing from their mother's teats or nipples, typically for the purpose of obtaining milk and nutrition. This behavior is instinctual in newborn mammals and helps to establish a strong bond between the mother and offspring, as well as providing essential nutrients for growth and development.

The duration of suckling can vary widely among different species, ranging from just a few days or weeks in some animals to several months or even years in others. In many cases, suckling also helps to stimulate milk production in the mother, ensuring an adequate supply of milk for her offspring.

Examples of suckling animals include newborn humans, as well as young mammals such as puppies, kittens, piglets, lambs, calves, and fawns, among others.

Hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis or heterozygote advantage, is a phenomenon in genetics where the offspring of genetically diverse parents exhibit certain favorable traits that are not present in either parent. This results in increased growth, fertility, disease resistance, and overall hardiness in the offspring compared to the purebred parents.

In medical terms, hybrid vigor is often discussed in the context of breeding programs for livestock or plants used for agricultural purposes. By crossing two distinct lines or breeds with different genetic backgrounds, breeders can create offspring that have improved health and productivity traits, which can lead to better outcomes in farming and agriculture.

It's worth noting that while hybrid vigor is a well-established concept in genetics, its application in human medicine is limited. However, understanding the principles of hybrid vigor can still be useful for researchers studying genetic diversity and disease susceptibility in humans.

Genetic selection, also known as natural selection, is a fundamental mechanism of evolution. It refers to the process by which certain heritable traits become more or less common in a population over successive generations due to differential reproduction of organisms with those traits.

In genetic selection, traits that increase an individual's fitness (its ability to survive and reproduce) are more likely to be passed on to the next generation, while traits that decrease fitness are less likely to be passed on. This results in a gradual change in the distribution of traits within a population over time, leading to adaptation to the environment and potentially speciation.

Genetic selection can occur through various mechanisms, including viability selection (differential survival), fecundity selection (differences in reproductive success), and sexual selection (choices made by individuals during mating). The process of genetic selection is driven by environmental pressures, such as predation, competition for resources, and changes in the availability of food or habitat.

Birth weight refers to the first weight of a newborn infant, usually taken immediately after birth. It is a critical vital sign that indicates the baby's health status and is used as a predictor for various short-term and long-term health outcomes.

Typically, a full-term newborn's weight ranges from 5.5 to 8.8 pounds (2.5 to 4 kg), although normal birth weights can vary significantly based on factors such as gestational age, genetics, maternal health, and nutrition. Low birth weight is defined as less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg), while high birth weight is greater than 8.8 pounds (4 kg).

Low birth weight babies are at a higher risk for various medical complications, including respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, infections, and developmental delays. High birth weight babies may face challenges with delivery, increased risk of obesity, and potential metabolic issues later in life. Regular prenatal care is essential to monitor fetal growth and ensure a healthy pregnancy and optimal birth weight for the baby.

I apologize, but "sheep" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common animal with the scientific name Ovis aries. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding and raising animals for agricultural purposes, such as for the production of meat, milk, eggs, or fiber. It involves providing proper care for the animals, including feeding, housing, health care, and breeding management. The goal of animal husbandry is to maintain healthy and productive animals while also being mindful of environmental sustainability and animal welfare.

"Newborn animals" refers to the very young offspring of animals that have recently been born. In medical terminology, newborns are often referred to as "neonates," and they are classified as such from birth until about 28 days of age. During this time period, newborn animals are particularly vulnerable and require close monitoring and care to ensure their survival and healthy development.

The specific needs of newborn animals can vary widely depending on the species, but generally, they require warmth, nutrition, hydration, and protection from harm. In many cases, newborns are unable to regulate their own body temperature or feed themselves, so they rely heavily on their mothers for care and support.

In medical settings, newborn animals may be examined and treated by veterinarians to ensure that they are healthy and receiving the care they need. This can include providing medical interventions such as feeding tubes, antibiotics, or other treatments as needed to address any health issues that arise. Overall, the care and support of newborn animals is an important aspect of animal medicine and conservation efforts.

The sex ratio is not a medical term per se, but it is a term used in demography and population health. The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a given population. It is typically expressed as the number of males for every 100 females. A sex ratio of 100 would indicate an equal number of males and females.

In the context of human populations, the sex ratio at birth is usually around 103-107 males per 100 females, reflecting a slightly higher likelihood of male births. However, due to biological factors such as higher male mortality rates in infancy and childhood, as well as social and behavioral factors, the sex ratio tends to equalize over time and can even shift in favor of women in older age groups.

It's worth noting that significant deviations from the expected sex ratio at birth or in a population can indicate underlying health issues or societal problems. For example, skewed sex ratios may be associated with gender discrimination, selective abortion of female fetuses, or exposure to environmental toxins that affect male reproductive health.

"Genetic crosses" refer to the breeding of individuals with different genetic characteristics to produce offspring with specific combinations of traits. This process is commonly used in genetics research to study the inheritance patterns and function of specific genes.

There are several types of genetic crosses, including:

1. Monohybrid cross: A cross between two individuals that differ in the expression of a single gene or trait.
2. Dihybrid cross: A cross between two individuals that differ in the expression of two genes or traits.
3. Backcross: A cross between an individual from a hybrid population and one of its parental lines.
4. Testcross: A cross between an individual with unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.
5. Reciprocal cross: A cross in which the male and female parents are reversed to determine if there is any effect of sex on the expression of the trait.

These genetic crosses help researchers to understand the mode of inheritance, linkage, recombination, and other genetic phenomena.

Least-Squares Analysis is not a medical term, but rather a statistical method that is used in various fields including medicine. It is a way to find the best fit line or curve for a set of data points by minimizing the sum of the squared distances between the observed data points and the fitted line or curve. This method is often used in medical research to analyze data, such as fitting a regression line to a set of data points to make predictions or identify trends. The goal is to find the line or curve that most closely represents the pattern of the data, which can help researchers understand relationships between variables and make more informed decisions based on their analysis.

Fetal death, also known as stillbirth or intrauterine fetal demise, is defined as the death of a fetus at 20 weeks of gestation or later. The criteria for defining fetal death may vary slightly by country and jurisdiction, but in general, it refers to the loss of a pregnancy after the point at which the fetus is considered viable outside the womb.

Fetal death can occur for a variety of reasons, including chromosomal abnormalities, placental problems, maternal health conditions, infections, and umbilical cord accidents. In some cases, the cause of fetal death may remain unknown.

The diagnosis of fetal death is typically made through ultrasound or other imaging tests, which can confirm the absence of a heartbeat or movement in the fetus. Once fetal death has been diagnosed, medical professionals will work with the parents to determine the best course of action for managing the pregnancy and delivering the fetus. This may involve waiting for labor to begin naturally, inducing labor, or performing a cesarean delivery.

Experiencing a fetal death can be a very difficult and emotional experience for parents, and it is important for them to receive supportive care from their healthcare providers, family members, and friends. Grief counseling and support groups may also be helpful in coping with the loss.

Fetal viability is the point in pregnancy at which a fetus is considered capable of surviving outside the uterus, given appropriate medical support. Although there is no precise gestational age that defines fetal viability, it is generally considered to occur between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. At this stage, the fetus has developed sufficient lung maturity and body weight, and the risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity significantly decreases. However, the exact definition of fetal viability may vary depending on regional standards, medical facilities, and individual clinical assessments.

The uterus, also known as the womb, is a hollow, muscular organ located in the female pelvic cavity, between the bladder and the rectum. It has a thick, middle layer called the myometrium, which is composed of smooth muscle tissue, and an inner lining called the endometrium, which provides a nurturing environment for the fertilized egg to develop into a fetus during pregnancy.

The uterus is where the baby grows and develops until it is ready for birth through the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The uterus plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle as well, by shedding its lining each month if pregnancy does not occur.

Weight gain is defined as an increase in body weight over time, which can be attributed to various factors such as an increase in muscle mass, fat mass, or total body water. It is typically measured in terms of pounds or kilograms and can be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional weight gain may be a cause for concern if it's significant or accompanied by other symptoms, as it could indicate an underlying medical condition such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or heart disease.

It is important to note that while body mass index (BMI) can be used as a general guideline for weight status, it does not differentiate between muscle mass and fat mass. Therefore, an increase in muscle mass through activities like strength training could result in a higher BMI, but this may not necessarily be indicative of increased health risks associated with excess body fat.

"Animal nutritional physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical or scientific term. However, it seems to refer to the processes and functions related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Here's a breakdown of the possible components:

1. Animal: This term refers to non-human living organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have a distinct nervous system.
2. Nutritional: This term pertains to the nourishment and energy requirements of an animal, including the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients.
3. Physiological: This term refers to the functions and processes that occur within a living organism, including the interactions between different organs and systems.
4. Phenomena: This term generally means an observable fact or event.

Therefore, "animal nutritional physiological phenomena" could refer to the observable events and processes related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Examples of such phenomena include digestion, absorption, metabolism, energy production, growth, reproduction, and waste elimination.

Estrus is a term used in veterinary medicine to describe the physiological and behavioral state of female mammals that are ready to mate and conceive. It refers to the period of time when the female's reproductive system is most receptive to fertilization.

During estrus, the female's ovaries release one or more mature eggs (ovulation) into the fallopian tubes, where they can be fertilized by sperm from a male. This phase of the estrous cycle is often accompanied by changes in behavior and physical appearance, such as increased vocalization, restlessness, and swelling of the genital area.

The duration and frequency of estrus vary widely among different species of mammals. In some animals, such as dogs and cats, estrus occurs regularly at intervals of several weeks or months, while in others, such as cows and mares, it may only occur once or twice a year.

It's important to note that the term "estrus" is not used to describe human reproductive physiology. In humans, the equivalent phase of the menstrual cycle is called ovulation.

Organ size refers to the volume or physical measurement of an organ in the body of an individual. It can be described in terms of length, width, and height or by using specialized techniques such as imaging studies (like CT scans or MRIs) to determine the volume. The size of an organ can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, body size, and overall health status. Changes in organ size may indicate various medical conditions, including growths, inflammation, or atrophy.

Medically, "milk" is not defined. However, it is important to note that human babies are fed with breast milk, which is the secretion from the mammary glands of humans. It is rich in nutrients like proteins, fats, carbohydrates (lactose), vitamins and minerals that are essential for growth and development.

Other mammals also produce milk to feed their young. These include cows, goats, and sheep, among others. Their milk is often consumed by humans as a source of nutrition, especially in dairy products. However, the composition of these milks can vary significantly from human breast milk.

Embryonic and fetal development is the process of growth and development that occurs from fertilization of the egg (conception) to birth. The terms "embryo" and "fetus" are used to describe different stages of this development:

* Embryonic development: This stage begins at fertilization and continues until the end of the 8th week of pregnancy. During this time, the fertilized egg (zygote) divides and forms a blastocyst, which implants in the uterus and begins to develop into a complex structure called an embryo. The embryo consists of three layers of cells that will eventually form all of the organs and tissues of the body. During this stage, the basic structures of the body, including the nervous system, heart, and gastrointestinal tract, begin to form.
* Fetal development: This stage begins at the end of the 8th week of pregnancy and continues until birth. During this time, the embryo is called a fetus, and it grows and develops rapidly. The organs and tissues that were formed during the embryonic stage continue to mature and become more complex. The fetus also begins to move and kick, and it can hear and respond to sounds from outside the womb.

Overall, embryonic and fetal development is a complex and highly regulated process that involves the coordinated growth and differentiation of cells and tissues. It is a critical period of development that lays the foundation for the health and well-being of the individual throughout their life.

An animal population group refers to a collection of animals of the same species that live in a specific geographic area and interact with each other. These groups can vary in size and can be as small as a few individuals or as large as millions of individuals. The study of animal population groups is known as "population ecology" and it examines the dynamics of animal populations, including their distribution, abundance, demographics, and genetic structure.

Animal population groups can be structured into subgroups based on various factors such as age, sex, or social status. These subgroups may have different behaviors, habitats, or resource needs, which can affect their survival and reproduction. The study of animal population groups is important for understanding the dynamics of wildlife populations, managing wildlife resources, and conserving biodiversity.

Genetic models are theoretical frameworks used in genetics to describe and explain the inheritance patterns and genetic architecture of traits, diseases, or phenomena. These models are based on mathematical equations and statistical methods that incorporate information about gene frequencies, modes of inheritance, and the effects of environmental factors. They can be used to predict the probability of certain genetic outcomes, to understand the genetic basis of complex traits, and to inform medical management and treatment decisions.

There are several types of genetic models, including:

1. Mendelian models: These models describe the inheritance patterns of simple genetic traits that follow Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. Examples include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance.
2. Complex trait models: These models describe the inheritance patterns of complex traits that are influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. Examples include heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
3. Population genetics models: These models describe the distribution and frequency of genetic variants within populations over time. They can be used to study evolutionary processes, such as natural selection and genetic drift.
4. Quantitative genetics models: These models describe the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic variation in continuous traits, such as height or IQ. They can be used to estimate heritability and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to trait variation.
5. Statistical genetics models: These models use statistical methods to analyze genetic data and infer the presence of genetic associations or linkage. They can be used to identify genetic risk factors for diseases or traits.

Overall, genetic models are essential tools in genetics research and medical genetics, as they allow researchers to make predictions about genetic outcomes, test hypotheses about the genetic basis of traits and diseases, and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

The medical definition of "eating" refers to the process of consuming and ingesting food or nutrients into the body. This process typically involves several steps, including:

1. Food preparation: This may involve cleaning, chopping, cooking, or combining ingredients to make them ready for consumption.
2. Ingestion: The act of taking food or nutrients into the mouth and swallowing it.
3. Digestion: Once food is ingested, it travels down the esophagus and enters the stomach, where it is broken down by enzymes and acids to facilitate absorption of nutrients.
4. Absorption: Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and transported to cells throughout the body for use as energy or building blocks for growth and repair.
5. Elimination: Undigested food and waste products are eliminated from the body through the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Eating is an essential function that provides the body with the nutrients it needs to maintain health, grow, and repair itself. Disorders of eating, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, can have serious consequences for physical and mental health.

Sexual maturation is the process of physical development during puberty that leads to the ability to reproduce. This process involves the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics, changes in hormone levels, and the acquisition of reproductive capabilities. In females, this includes the onset of menstruation and the development of breasts and hips. In males, this includes the deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, and the production of sperm. Achieving sexual maturation is an important milestone in human development and typically occurs during adolescence.

Arvicolinae is a subfamily of rodents that includes voles, lemmings, and muskrats. These small mammals are characterized by their short legs, rounded bodies, and short tails. They are primarily found in the northern hemisphere, with the majority of species living in North America and Eurasia.

Arvicolines are known for their high reproductive rate and ability to survive in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, tundra, and wetlands. They have a unique set of teeth called hypsodont teeth, which continue to grow throughout their lives. This adaptation allows them to wear down their teeth as they gnaw on tough plant material.

Many arvicoline species are important prey animals for larger predators, such as hawks, owls, and foxes. Some species, like the muskrat, are also hunted by humans for their fur or meat. In recent years, some arvicoline populations have experienced dramatic fluctuations in size due to changes in their habitats and food supplies, leading to concerns about their conservation status.

Inbreeding, in a medical context, refers to the practice of mating closely related individuals within a given family or breeding population. This leads to an increased proportion of homozygous genes, meaning that the same alleles (versions of a gene) are inherited from both parents. As a result, recessive traits and disorders become more likely to be expressed because the necessary dominant allele may be absent.

In human medicine, consanguinity is the term often used instead of inbreeding, and it refers to relationships between individuals who share a common ancestor. Consanguinity increases the risk of certain genetic disorders due to the increased likelihood of sharing harmful recessive genes. The closer the relationship, the higher the risk.

In animal breeding, inbreeding can lead to reduced fertility, lower birth weights, higher infant mortality, and a decreased lifespan. It is crucial to maintain genetic diversity within populations to ensure their overall health and vigor.

A quantitative trait is a phenotypic characteristic that can be measured and displays continuous variation, meaning it can take on any value within a range. Examples include height, blood pressure, or biochemical measurements like cholesterol levels. These traits are usually influenced by the combined effects of multiple genes (polygenic inheritance) as well as environmental factors.

Heritability, in the context of genetics, refers to the proportion of variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals in a population. It is estimated using statistical methods and ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a greater contribution of genetics to the observed phenotypic variance.

Therefore, a heritable quantitative trait would be a phenotype that shows continuous variation, influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, and for which a significant portion of the observed variation can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals in a population.

'Sus scrofa' is the scientific name for the wild boar, a species of suid that is native to much of Eurasia and North Africa. It is not a medical term or concept. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those instead!

Fetal resorption, also known as fetal demise or intrauterine fetal death, is a medical term that refers to the absorption of a nonviable fetus by the mother's body after its death in utero. This process typically occurs before the 20th week of gestation and may go unnoticed if it happens early in pregnancy.

During fetal resorption, the fetal tissue is broken down and absorbed by the mother's body, leaving no visible remains of the fetus. The placenta and other surrounding tissues may still be present, but they often undergo changes as well. In some cases, a small amount of fetal tissue may be expelled from the uterus during the resorption process.

The causes of fetal resorption can vary, including chromosomal abnormalities, maternal health conditions, infections, and environmental factors. It is essential to seek medical attention if a woman suspects fetal resorption or experiences any unusual symptoms during pregnancy, such as vaginal bleeding or decreased fetal movement, to ensure proper diagnosis and management.

Artificial insemination (AI) is a medical procedure that involves the introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterus for the purpose of achieving pregnancy. This procedure can be performed using sperm from a partner or a donor. It is often used when there are issues with male fertility, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility, or in cases where natural conception is not possible due to various medical reasons.

There are two types of artificial insemination: intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). ICI involves placing the sperm directly into the cervix, while IUI involves placing the sperm directly into the uterus using a catheter. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the cause of infertility and the preferences of the individuals involved.

Artificial insemination is a relatively simple and low-risk procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office or clinic. It may be combined with fertility drugs to increase the chances of pregnancy. The success rate of artificial insemination varies depending on several factors, including the age and fertility of the individuals involved, the cause of infertility, and the type of procedure used.

"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.

In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.

Carnivory refers to a diet that consists primarily or exclusively of animal tissue, including meat, fish, and poultry. In the context of human health, carnivory is not typically used as a medical term, but rather a dietary one. However, in zoology, the term "obligate carnivore" is used to describe animals that require meat to meet their nutritional needs and cannot survive on a vegetarian or herbivorous diet.

It's worth noting that while a carnivorous diet can provide certain nutrients, such as protein, iron, and vitamin B12, it may also be associated with health risks if not properly balanced. For example, diets high in red and processed meats have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian before making any significant changes to your diet.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Housing, Animal" is not a standard term in medical terminology. Medical terminology typically relates to the human body, diseases, treatments, and healthcare practices. "Housing, Animal" would be more related to veterinary medicine or animal care fields, which pertain to the accommodation and environment provided for animals. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help!

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

The scrotum is a part of the external male genitalia. It's a sac-like structure made up of several layers of skin and smooth muscle, which hangs down behind and beneath the penis. The primary function of the scrotum is to maintain the testicles at a temperature slightly lower than the core body temperature, which is optimal for sperm production.

The scrotum contains two compartments, each one housing a testicle. It's located in the pubic region and is usually visible externally. The skin of the scrotum is thin and wrinkled, which allows it to expand and contract depending on the temperature, accommodating the shrinking or swelling of the testicles.

Please note that while I strive to provide accurate information, this definition is intended to be a general overview and should not replace professional medical advice.

Overnutrition is a state that occurs when an individual consumes food and drinks in quantities that exceed their energy needs, leading to an excessive accumulation of nutrients, particularly macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and energy. This condition can result in an imbalance between nutrient intake and energy expenditure, which can contribute to the development of various health issues such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain types of cancer. It is important to note that overnutrition does not only refer to excessive calorie intake but also encompasses the consumption of nutrients in disproportionate amounts, such as an excessively high intake of saturated fats or sugars, which can have detrimental effects on health.

Dicamba is a selective herbicide that is used to control broadleaf weeds in crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat. It works by inhibiting the growth of the weed's shoots and roots, which ultimately leads to their death. Dicamba is available in various forms, including liquids, powders, and granules, and can be applied using different methods such as spraying or spreading.

Dicamba is a type of chemical known as a benzoic acid, and it works by interfering with the plant's growth hormones. It is absorbed through the leaves and roots of the weed, and then moves throughout the plant to disrupt its normal growth processes. Dicamba is generally considered to be safe for use around animals and humans when used according to label instructions, but it can be harmful if ingested or if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes in large quantities.

It's important to note that dicamba has been the subject of controversy in recent years due to concerns about its potential to drift off target and damage nearby crops that are not resistant to it. As a result, there have been restrictions placed on the use of dicamba in some areas, and efforts are underway to develop new formulations of the herbicide that are less prone to drifting.

Trenbolone Acetate is an esterified form of the synthetic steroid hormone Trenbolone. It is a potent anabolic and androgenic steroid, which is used in veterinary medicine for promoting muscle growth and appetite stimulation in cattle. In human medicine, it is not approved for use but is sometimes misused for its anabolic effects, such as increasing muscle mass, strength, and reducing body fat. It is important to note that the use of Trenbolone Acetate in humans is considered off-label and can lead to serious health consequences, including liver toxicity, cardiovascular issues, and hormonal imbalances.

A phenotype is the physical or biochemical expression of an organism's genes, or the observable traits and characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genetic constitution (genotype) with environmental factors. These characteristics can include appearance, development, behavior, and resistance to disease, among others. Phenotypes can vary widely, even among individuals with identical genotypes, due to differences in environmental influences, gene expression, and genetic interactions.

A contraceptive vaccine is a type of immunocontraception that uses the immune system to prevent pregnancy. It is a relatively new field of research and development, and there are currently no licensed contraceptive vaccines available on the market. However, several experimental vaccines are in various stages of preclinical and clinical testing.

Contraceptive vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against specific proteins or hormones that play a critical role in reproduction. By neutralizing these targets, the vaccine can prevent fertilization or inhibit the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.

For example, one approach is to develop vaccines that target the zona pellucida (ZP), a glycoprotein layer surrounding mammalian eggs. Antibodies generated against ZP proteins can prevent sperm from binding and fertilizing the egg. Another strategy is to create vaccines that generate antibodies against hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy. By blocking hCG, the vaccine can prevent the maintenance of pregnancy and induce a miscarriage.

While contraceptive vaccines have shown promise in preclinical studies, several challenges remain before they can be widely adopted. These include issues related to safety, efficacy, duration of protection, and public acceptance. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for accidental cross-reactivity with other proteins or hormones, leading to unintended side effects.

Overall, contraceptive vaccines represent a promising area of research that could provide long-acting, reversible, and user-friendly contraception options in the future. However, further studies are needed to address the remaining challenges and ensure their safe and effective use.

Parturition is the process of giving birth, or the act of delivering newborn offspring. In medical terms, it refers to the expulsion of the products of conception (such as the fetus, placenta, and membranes) from the uterus of a pregnant woman during childbirth. This process is regulated by hormonal changes and involves complex interactions between the mother's body and the developing fetus. Parturition typically occurs after a full-term pregnancy, which is approximately 40 weeks in humans.

A stillbirth is defined as the delivery of a baby who has died in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The baby may die at any time during the pregnancy, but death must occur after 20 weeks to be classified as a stillbirth. Stillbirths can have many different causes, including problems with the placenta or umbilical cord, chromosomal abnormalities, infections, and birth defects. In some cases, the cause of a stillbirth may not be able to be determined.

Stillbirth is a tragic event that can have significant emotional and psychological impacts on the parents and other family members. It is important for healthcare providers to offer support and resources to help families cope with their loss. This may include counseling, support groups, and information about memorializing their baby.

A fetus is the developing offspring in a mammal, from the end of the embryonic period (approximately 8 weeks after fertilization in humans) until birth. In humans, the fetal stage of development starts from the eleventh week of pregnancy and continues until childbirth, which is termed as full-term pregnancy at around 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. During this time, the organ systems become fully developed and the body grows in size. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac and is connected to the placenta via the umbilical cord, through which it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Regular prenatal care is essential during this period to monitor the growth and development of the fetus and ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

Embryo implantation is the process by which a fertilized egg, or embryo, becomes attached to the wall of the uterus (endometrium) and begins to receive nutrients from the mother's blood supply. This process typically occurs about 6-10 days after fertilization and is a critical step in the establishment of a successful pregnancy.

During implantation, the embryo secretes enzymes that help it to burrow into the endometrium, while the endometrium responds by producing receptors for the embryo's enzymes and increasing blood flow to the area. The embryo then begins to grow and develop, eventually forming the placenta, which will provide nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus throughout pregnancy.

Implantation is a complex process that requires precise timing and coordination between the embryo and the mother's body. Factors such as age, hormonal imbalances, and uterine abnormalities can affect implantation and increase the risk of miscarriage or difficulty becoming pregnant.

Nonmammalian viviparity is a reproductive strategy in which offspring are born alive and have undergone some degree of embryonic development inside the mother's body, receiving nutrients through a placenta or similar organ. This mode of reproduction is found in certain non-mammal species, such as some reptiles (like some snakes and lizards), fish (like the guppy and platypus), and invertebrates (like certain spiders and insects). In these cases, the offspring are not nourished by milk, which is a key characteristic that differentiates nonmammalian viviparity from mammalian viviparity.

Body composition refers to the relative proportions of different components that make up a person's body, including fat mass, lean muscle mass, bone mass, and total body water. It is an important measure of health and fitness, as changes in body composition can indicate shifts in overall health status. For example, an increase in fat mass and decrease in lean muscle mass can be indicative of poor nutrition, sedentary behavior, or certain medical conditions.

There are several methods for measuring body composition, including:

1. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): This method uses low-level electrical currents to estimate body fat percentage based on the conductivity of different tissues.
2. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): This method uses low-dose X-rays to measure bone density and body composition, including lean muscle mass and fat distribution.
3. Hydrostatic weighing: This method involves submerging a person in water and measuring their weight underwater to estimate body density and fat mass.
4. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP): This method uses air displacement to measure body volume and density, which can be used to estimate body composition.

Understanding body composition can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and fitness goals, as well as provide valuable information for healthcare providers in the management of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

Estrus detection in veterinary medicine refers to the process of identifying when a female animal is in heat or estrus, which is the period of time when she is fertile and receptive to mating. This is an important aspect of managing breeding programs for livestock and other animals.

Detection of estrus can be done through various methods, including:

1. Observing behavioral changes: Female animals in heat may show signs of increased interest in males, becoming more vocal or restless, and may adopt a mating stance.
2. Physical examination: A veterinarian may perform a physical exam to check for signs of estrus, such as swelling or reddening of the vulva.
3. Hormonal assays: Blood or vaginal fluid samples can be tested for hormone levels, such as estradiol and progesterone, to determine if an animal is in heat.
4. Use of teaser animals: Intact males can be used to stimulate a response in females, indicating that they are in estrus.

Accurate detection of estrus is critical for successful breeding and management of animal reproduction.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Quadruplets are defined in medicine as a type of multiple birth where four offspring are produced from the same pregnancy. This occurs when a single fertilized egg divides into four embryos, or more rarely, when four separate eggs are each fertilized by different sperm. Quadruplets face higher risks of preterm birth and other complications compared to singleton pregnancies.

Fetal development is the process in which a fertilized egg grows and develops into a fetus, which is a developing human being from the end of the eighth week after conception until birth. This complex process involves many different stages, including:

1. Fertilization: The union of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote.
2. Implantation: The movement of the zygote into the lining of the uterus, where it will begin to grow and develop.
3. Formation of the embryo: The development of the basic structures of the body, including the neural tube (which becomes the brain and spinal cord), heart, gastrointestinal tract, and sensory organs.
4. Differentiation of tissues and organs: The process by which different cells and tissues become specialized to perform specific functions.
5. Growth and maturation: The continued growth and development of the fetus, including the formation of bones, muscles, and other tissues.

Fetal development is a complex and highly regulated process that involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Proper nutrition, prenatal care, and avoidance of harmful substances such as tobacco, alcohol, and drugs are important for ensuring healthy fetal development.

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby through the umbilical cord. It also removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's side of the placenta contains many tiny blood vessels that connect to the baby's circulatory system. This allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother's and baby's blood. After the baby is born, the placenta is usually expelled from the uterus in a process called afterbirth.

Ovulation inhibition is a term used in reproductive medicine to describe the prevention or delay of ovulation, which is the release of a mature egg from the ovaries during the menstrual cycle. This can be achieved through various means, such as hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches, rings), injectable hormones, or intrauterine devices (IUDs) that release hormones.

Hormonal contraceptives typically contain synthetic versions of the hormones estrogen and progestin, which work together to inhibit the natural hormonal signals that trigger ovulation. By suppressing the surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), these methods prevent the development and release of a mature egg from the ovaries.

In addition to preventing ovulation, hormonal contraceptives can also thicken cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg, and thin the lining of the uterus, reducing the likelihood of implantation in case fertilization does occur. It is important to note that while ovulation inhibition is a reliable method of birth control, it may not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Maternal behavior refers to the nurturing and protective behaviors exhibited by a female animal towards its offspring. In humans, this term is often used to describe the natural instincts and actions of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and early child-rearing. It encompasses a broad range of activities such as feeding, grooming, protecting, and teaching the young.

In the context of medical and psychological research, maternal behavior is often studied to understand the factors that influence its development, expression, and outcomes for both the mother and offspring. Factors that can affect maternal behavior include hormonal changes during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as social, cultural, and environmental influences.

Abnormal or atypical maternal behavior may indicate underlying mental health issues, such as postpartum depression or anxiety, and can have negative consequences for both the mother and the child's development and well-being. Therefore, it is important to monitor and support healthy maternal behaviors in new mothers to promote positive outcomes for both parties.

English adopted it from Portuguese as "palanquin". Palanquins vary in size and grandeur. The smallest and simplest, a cot or ... Litters can also be created quickly by the lashing of poles to a chair. Such litters, consisting of a simple cane chair with ... The litter is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of people. Smaller litters ... Lounge-style litters in the shape of a bed were used to move one to two people with a porter at each corner. Due to the ...
A species' average litter size is generally equal to one half of the number of teats and the maximum litter size generally ... Yoon, Carol Kaesuk (19 October 1999). "Of Breasts, Behavior and the Size of Litters". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 November ... Animals from the same litter are referred to as litter-mates. ... A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in ... A litter offers some protection from predation, not particularly to the individual young but to the parents' investment in ...
Burns, Ray (November 8, 2022). "There are no human-size litter boxes in CCRCE schools". SaltWire. Archived from the original on ... Yet, here we are playing whack a mole with the litter box canard. Wade, Peter (September 3, 2022). "Litter Boxes and Election ... litter boxes in any of our elementary or secondary sites". A school official said there was a request for cat litter in one ... Bob Morris cites 'litter box' myth in school board endorsement". The Journal Gazette. Archived from the original on November 3 ...
... size, and filing a statement of responsibility. Flyposting Littering Rolph, Amy (2006-09-23). "Signs of election litter medians ... Post-election litter a matter for politicians[permanent dead link] "Election litter needs to be removed". Archived from the ... "MAKATI IS 95 % CLEAN OF ELECTION LITTER". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. "Election Litter Ban Ordered". ... so as to create litter. It was enforced in cleaning up election litter in 2002. Violation of the Act is a summary offence. ...
Most biodegradable litters last longer than the equivalent size of clay or clumping clay litters.[citation needed] Grain-based ... litter box furniture can help hide unsightly litter pans as well as contain litter odors. Instead of using a litter box, it is ... A litter box, also known as a sandbox, cat box, litter tray, cat pan, potty, pot or litter pan, is an indoor feces and urine ... Clay litter is also criticized by the manufacturers of non-clay litter because the components of clay litter are commonly ...
Female Richardson's ground squirrels produce one litter per year. Litter size averages 6, though the maximum size recorded is ... doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb01362.x. "Litter Size". University of Lethbridge. Retrieved August 8, 2010. "Richardson's Ground ...
Swine: Reduced conception rates; reduced litter size; large number of stillborn fetuses (some with severe skeletal/craniofacial ...
Once the samples have been collected, they are usually classified on type, size and species (if possible) and recorded on a ... Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, ... As litter decomposes, nutrients are released into the environment. The portion of the litter that is not readily decomposable ... Fungus plays a large role in cycling the nutrients from the plant litter back into the ecosystem. Litter provides habitat for a ...
Litter size can vary; usually four to six puppies. The most common causes of death for the breed were cancer (28.3%), old age ( ... Guard Dogs: Capable as guard dogs in spite of their small size. Dogs portal List of dog breeds "Cardigan Welsh Corgi - Details ...
Litter size averages 2.7. In Peru, Galea sometimes associates with tuco-tucos (Ctenomys). According to Sanborn and Pearson, ... These are recognized on the basis of pelage coloration, size and shape of skull, auditory bullae size and tooth shape. The ... General trends have been identified: a) testis size increases relative to body size in promiscuous species and b) higher social ... It is a "diurnal herbivore of squirrel size that lives in groups and occupies open habitat." Female and male common yellow- ...
Aherne, Frank; Kirkwood, Roy (16 February 2001). "Factors Affecting Litter Size". The Pig Site. Gregory, Neville G.; Grandin, ... Litter on the floor absorbs the droppings and the area occupied is expanded as they grow. Feed and water is supplied ... When large enough these are transferred to growing-on tanks and sold to fish farms to reach harvest size. Some species that are ... litter and some freedom of movement, to intensive systems where they are kept in cages. The battery cages are arranged in long ...
Average litter size is four. Iskandar, D.; McGuire, J. (2018). "Tropidophorus beccarii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ...
Arboreal habitat use/ Litter size.. Mesoamerican Herpetology. 3. 494-496. Mehrtens JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in ... Specimens exceeding 150 cm (4.9 ft) are not uncommon, while the maximum size reported is 204.5 cm (6.71 ft) (Klauber, 1972). ... and alludes to this snake's large size and potent venom. No subspecies are currently recognized. C. basiliscus is one of the ...
... s are particularly susceptible because of their high insect diet, high metabolism and small body size. Once locusts are ... hummocks, shrubs and leaf litter. Insecticide control of the Australian plague locust has been attributed to possible ... important kultarr habitat Retention of understory and groundcover plants as well as other elements such as logs and leaf litter ...
Litter sizes are typically seven. Along with the humpback smooth-hound (Mustelus whitneyi) and the spotted houndshark (Triakis ... In 2001, the Peruvian authorities introduced a minimum size requirement of 60 cm (24 in) for tollo. The speckled smooth-hound ...
Average litter size is one. Average milk production during lactation is 80 kg (180 lb) over about 120 days with 5.8% fat. The ...
Litter size is two neonates. Böhme W, Mateo JA, Joger U, Slimani T, El Mouden EH, Geniez P, Nouira MS (2021). "Chalcides ...
P. curtissi is viviparous (ovoviviparous). Litter size is 2-5. Four subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the ...
Mice have large litter sizes. The availability of hundreds of mutations affecting almost every tissue and aspect of development ... Vargo-Gogola, T; Rosen, J. M. (2007). "Modelling breast cancer: One size does not fit all". Nature Reviews Cancer. 7 (9): 659- ...
Its litter size averages two. Smith, A. T. & Johnston, C. H. (2008). "Petaurista xanthotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened ...
Multiple studies show the litter size of the eastern shovelnose ray ranges from 4 to 20 pups. Litter size was significantly ... Litter size ranges from 4 to 20 pups with larger females giving birth to more young. The reproductive mode is yolk sac ... The sex ratio reported from a NSW study was 0.9:1.0 (female:male). Size at birth is around 13 to 15 cm (5.1 to 5.9 in) total ... The body features two dorsal fins of roughly equal size on top of a broad tail. The eastern shovelnose ray is generally sandy ...
Litter sizes are usually 2. Post-natal development reaches up to 45. The behavior of all golden moles is primarily solitary and ... They all have differences in size and color, but have a similar appearance" with compact fusiform or lozenge-shaped bodies, ... were found to differ considerably from one another in both size and shape. Not so long ago, there was a lot of uncertainty ... " ("tooth replacement occurs in a very late period of life") based on the observation that individuals of adult size retain ...
The current exact size of the Orkhon sheep population is unknown, but estimated at around 3500 heads as of 2018. The main stock ... Approximately 1.15 lambs per litter. Age at first breeding is 18 months, average liveweight at birth is 4 kg for males and 3.6 ...
The litter size is usually four. As is the case with other members of Dasypus, all the embryos develop from a single zygote, ...
The average litter size is four. Gestation takes 23 days and weaning takes place at 24 to 29 days. Longevity for adults may be ... This is a medium-sized species weighing about 60 g (2 oz), with an average head-and-body length of 132 mm (5.2 in) and a tail ... less than one year, and the population size may be controlled by predators such as owls. The Ethiopian white-footed mouse is ...
Litter size is one or two; the newborns measure 12-14 cm (4.7-5.5 in) across. Males and females reach sexual maturity at disc ... It is viviparous, with females producing litters of one or two young that are nourished during gestation via histotroph (" ...
Average litter size is two newborns. Sexual maturity is reached at approximately two years, after which reproduction occurs ...
Litter size is three to six. The animal mostly eats seeds and fruits, but its diet also includes various other plant and fungal ... The densely haired ears are medium-sized and blackish in color. The feet, which are large and broad, are nearly white. The tail ...
Litter sizes average four or five. Granjon, L. (2016). "Gerbilliscus guineae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e. ... It excavates a fairly complex burrow system that goes as deep as 50 cm (2 ft). The average size of the home range of the ...
Litter size is 14 or less. Silveira AL, Prudente ALC, Argôlo AJS, Abrahão CR, Nogueira CC, Barbo FE, Costa GC, Pontes GMF, ...
Factors Affecting Litter Size in Dutch Shepherds. There are several factors that can affect the size of a Dutch Shepherd litter ... The average litter size for Dutch Shepherds is between 6-10 puppies, but litter size can vary depending on various factors. ... The average litter size for Dutch Shepherds is between 6-10 puppies. However, litter size can vary greatly depending on various ... with some breeders using selective breeding techniques to increase litter size.. What is the Average Litter Size for Dutch ...
Impact of litter size, supplementary milk replacer and housing on the body composition of piglets from hyper-prolific sows at ... In contrast, supplementation of milk and housing had only negligible impact on litter performance. Some individual piglets that ... of this study was to investigate the body composition at weaning of two random sow-reared piglets per litter from 93 litters by ...
Cat size. Not sure what youre looking for? Weve rounded up our fair share of breeds in similar categories. (Can you tell we ... Using an automatic, self-cleaning litter box like Litter-Robot makes bathroom upkeep much easier for you-and its better for ... Intrigued by the most popular cat breeds? Read all about them on our Litter-Robot cat breed guide! Or if youd like to delve ... Cat breeds A-Z Cat size Cat coat Cat personality Cat colors & patterns Compare cat breeds Adoption ...
Rs 54 lakh project to curb littering: BMC plans to install 560 steel bins in city. Richa Pinto / TNN / Jan 30, 2019, 07:09 IST ... Officials said that by placing more garbage bins in areas that see huge footfalls, they expect littering to reduce in the city ... Rs 54 lakh project to curb littering: BMC plans to install 560 steel bins in city ...
English adopted it from Portuguese as "palanquin". Palanquins vary in size and grandeur. The smallest and simplest, a cot or ... Litters can also be created quickly by the lashing of poles to a chair. Such litters, consisting of a simple cane chair with ... The litter is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of people. Smaller litters ... Lounge-style litters in the shape of a bed were used to move one to two people with a porter at each corner. Due to the ...
Marine Litter in the Arctic. Marine litter is found even in the most remote parts of the Arctic. ... Marine Litter. Marine litter and plastic pollution in the ocean is affecting ecosystems, economies and societies around the ... Marine litter predictive mapping. This pilot project develops a shoreline map to define coastal areas with different likelihood ... Barents Sea Leadership on Marine Litter. The project aims to raise awareness, promote leadership and strengthen cooperation to ...
Nowadays, in some countries litters can reach up to 18-20 piglets being a major challenge for the sows physiology during ... The use of hyperprolific sow lines has increased litter size considerably in the last three decades. ... The use of hyperprolific sow lines has increased litter size considerably in the last three decades. Nowadays, in some ... The challenge of large litters on the immune system of the sow and the piglets Reprod Domest Anim. 2019 Sep:54 Suppl 3:12-21. ...
These liners will help prevent sticky clumps at the bottom of the litter pan and makes for easy clean-up. Just lift, sift and ... Just line your litter box with the Fresh Kitty Sifting Liners for simple waste removal. ... Comes with 10 litter box liners, fits jumbo sized litter pans , Liners measure: 36" x 40" ... Comes with 10 litter box liners that fit jumbo sized litter pans (36" x 40"). ...
Bigger Entrance, Smaller Size, Prettier Design. Whisker says both models weigh the same and have the same depth. To me, this ... Not only does this self-cleaning litter box save you the hassle of scooping, it cuts back on litter use, litter dust and litter ... No Litter Box Is Perfect. The thing about cats is youll always have to deal with litter. You may not need to scoop the Litter- ... Litter-Robot 4 vs. Litter-Robot 3. Litter-Robot 4. *Pro: Suitable for up to 4 cats ...
Browse our wide selection of Litter & Deodorant for Delivery or Drive Up & Go to pick up at the store! ... Shop Fresh Step Clean Paws Multi Cat Scented Clumping Cat Litter With The Power Of Febreze - 22.5 Lbs from Safeway. ... Best size litter boxes. 1-1/2 times the length of cat, from nose to base of tail. As cats get bigger, so should boxes. Kittens ... pet care purina clumping cat litter scented cat litter cat litter lightweight cat litter clumping cat litter febreze clumping ...
This fun recipe for a Kitty Litter Box is great for Halloween parties, and will have everyone talking and tasting for sure, ... This fun recipe for a Kitty Litter Box is great for Halloween parties, and will have everyone talking and tasting for sure, ... font-size: 13px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: ... Kitty Litter Casserole Cat Scat Cookies Cat Litter Casserole ... "This fun recipe for a Kitty Litter Box is great for Halloween ...
Size. 30 in. x 26 in. x 1 in. (76 cm x 66 cm x 3 cm) ... These creatures lay their eggs under the leaf litter and feed ...
Shop Feline Fresh Instant Odor Control Natural Pine Cat Litter from onlynaturalpet.com. Enjoy up to 15% off repeat delivery and ... If you have a larger litter pan, choose the 7 pound bag of Feline Fresh or the larger value size of 20 pounds if you have ... When you change your litter box you can dispose of the used litter (solid waste removed) into your compost pile or use it as ... When you change your litter box you can dispose of the used litter (solid waste removed) into your compost pile or use it as ...
... especially if you get her litter box area right. All about keeping your favorite felines litter area tidy. ... Meet the Bengal Maine Coon Cat Mix: Size, Traits, and More September 16, 2023 ... Empty the Litter. Once a week, youll need to get rid of all the old litter and replace it with new litter. Pour the litter in ... Refill the Litter. A lot of litter is thrown away when scooping out the solids and liquids. The litter is also used up when ...
Average Litter Size of Dachshunds. Dachshunds typically have litters of six to eleven puppies. Typically, litter sizes range ... Dachshund Litter Size. Dachshund Litter Size. How Many Puppies Do Dachshunds Have?. Dachshunds usually have around six to eight ... Is it possible for the breeder to increase the size of a litter?. Breeders can increase the size of a litter, but they have to ... Larger litters are also seen, but not as often as medium-sized litters. Huge litters of 15-16 puppies occasionally occur in ...
... this Colourful Monster Litter Bin will have children lining up to dispose of their rubbish and recyclable waste! A novelty ... rubbish receptacle for schools, parks, and entertainment centres, it is available in both 42 Litre and 52 Litre sizes, and each ... Proof that not all monsters are scary, this Colourful Monster Litter Bin will have children lining up to dispose of their ... Please ensure everything is correct before proceeding with the order including colours and sizes. If any item is faulty or ...
... quality Pet Smart Litter Boxes for sale of hcfim from China. ... Buy 6W Rated Power Pet Smart Automatic Litter Box With 75L High ... Size: 655*642*605mm. Application: Cats. Usage: Ultra Self-Cleaning Litter Box. ... Self-cleaning cat litter boxes are automated litter boxes that clean themselves after the cat has used them. These litter boxes ... OEM Pet Smart Automatic Litter Box. 75L Pet Smart Automatic Litter Box. PP Resin Pet Smart Litter Boxes. ...
... targets to make Kota Kinabalu the cleanest city and litter-free by 2025. ... Text Size: Kota Kinabalu: City Hall (DBKK) targets to make Kota Kinabalu the cleanest city and litter-free by 2025. ... Speaking to reporters, Arifin said the "KK Bersih" initiative was a start to achieving a litter-free Kota Kinabalu with various ... However, we face a big challenge in conserving and improving our assets that are tourist attractions as littering and ...
Cleaning litter trays is also easy with Savic Litter Tray Bags, in different sizes to fit your litter tray. ... Available in multiple sizes suitable for very small to very large cats. ... Savic offers a great range of plastic litter trays and boxes, with the option of with or without filters. ... Cleaning litter trays is also easy with Savic Litter Tray Bags, in different sizes to fit your litter tray. ...
... while the female determines the size of a litter by the number of eggs she drops that become fertilized. ... What determines the size of puppy litter?. "The bigger the breed, the bigger the size of litter." This is because larger dogs ... Does litter size affect puppy temperament?. Furthermore, the temperament was affected by litter size and season of birth. One ... Dog Litter Size FAQs. Is there a dominant puppy in a litter?. All dogs fall somewhere on the dominance/submissiveness scale. In ...
Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile ...
... organic cat litter. Made from whole kernel corn, this litter offers superior clumping and odor control naturally, without the ... Worlds Best Cat Litter is an all natural, ... Worlds Best Cat Litter is made from whole kernel corn, this ... Plus, Worlds Best Cat Litter is flushable and safe for septic tanks, and completely biodegradable! Its the perfect litter for ... SKU: Worlds-Best-Cat-Litter. NOT YET RATED , Write a Review Size:. 7lb 14lb 28lb ...
... thats why Ferplast offers you a wide range of litter trays, both closed and open, suitable for all kinds of needs. They come ... Closed litter box with top entrance for cats. Prevents litter from spilling out and the dog from digging in it. ... Scoop for cat litter, cat toilet and litter boxes. €3,80. more sizes ... The hygiene of your cat and of the house are important, thats why Ferplast offers you a wide range of litter trays, both ...
A CLEAN YOU CAN SEE! - Lighter in color than alternatives, our dust-free litter makes it easier to keep the litter box tidy and ... Place a layer of approximately 2 to 3 inches into a litter box. Scoop out soiled litter at least once a day. ... Place a layer of approximately 2 to 3 inches into a litter box. Scoop out soiled litter at least once a day. ... FIRM & FAST CLUMPING - Remarkedly firm clumps trap all residual odor and, unlike ordinary plant-based litters, they can easily ...
Photos submitted to the Lens on Litter Photo Contest should help to heighten litter consciousness by showing how litter ... Lens on Litter Contest. Since 1984, PRC has sponsored an annual Gene Capaldi Lens on Litter Photo contest, not to glorify ... Lens on Litter Submission Form. Upload your Lens on Litter photo contest submission here or email photos to lensonlitter@prc. ... PRC/Lens on Litter. 1671 N. Providence Road. Media, PA 19063. Photos submitted that do not meet all requirements and rules ...
... medical litter, patient bed, patient cot, stretcher icon in isometric style from the Hospitals & healthcare category. ... Ready to use in multiple sizes. * Modify colors using the color editor ... Hospital bed, Medical litter, Patient bed, Patient cot, Stretcher icons in Isometric styles ...
Litter Size: Data Source: Dutch Dog Data Last Updated: 3/4/2020 5:27:00 AM ...
This is the litter box with a grated doorway that helps remove litter particles from a felines paws. ... The Clean Paws Litter Box. 3.5 (2 Reviews) Item 97844. This is the litter box with a grated doorway that helps remove litter ... This is the litter box with a grated doorway that helps remove litter particles from a felines paws. Its unique grated entry/ ... and also encloses for privacy-keeping litter and odors hidden. A built-in LED illuminates as the door open and closes. Includes ...
Litter Size: 8 Data Source: SKK Hunddata Last Updated: 7/12/2007 11:44:00 PM ...
Litter Size: Data Source: Pedigree (Official) Last Updated: 10/14/2015 1:35:00 PM ...
  • Fresh Step® Clean Paws® Multi-Cat Clumping Cat Litter is formulated with the power of Febreze to destroy even the busiest litter box odors, leaving behind a fresh, clean scent. (safeway.com)
  • 3) Add more Fresh Step clumping cat litter to refresh your litter box. (safeway.com)
  • World's Best Clumping Cat Litter has not been rated yet. (thecatconnection.com)
  • This means when the cat visits the litter box, the pine absorb all liquid waste in seconds, delivering instant odor control. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • Some self-cleaning cat litter boxes also come with additional features, such as odor control systems, automatic litter refilling, and mobile app connectivity for remote monitoring and control. (phrmg.org)
  • World's Best Cat Litter is made from whole kernel corn, this litter offers superior clumping and odor control naturally, without the addition of any fragrance, oil or perfume. (thecatconnection.com)
  • With over 20 years of customer feedback driving product innovation, Litter-Robot 4 features new sensor and litter-sifting technology for enhanced odor control, cat safety, and real-time tracking of waste and litter levels through the Whisker app. (litter-robot.com)
  • Naturally Fresh Multi-Cat Cat Litter is a major advance in cat litter because it's made with walnut shells, which provide superior odor control and have greater absorption capacity than the leading brand cat litters. (tomlinsons.com)
  • What is the average litter size for Dutch Shepherds? (thedogman.net)
  • The average litter size for Dutch Shepherds is between 6-10 puppies. (thedogman.net)
  • The average litter size for Dutch Shepherds is between 6-10 puppies, but litter size can vary depending on various factors. (thedogman.net)
  • The average litter size of a miniature dachshund is 4-6 puppies. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • The average litter size for cats is 4 to 6 kittens. (github.io)
  • Average litter size for siamese is five kittens, so 5 x $28 = $140.00. (github.io)
  • It is completely effective at controlling all litter box odors. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • You love your cat, but you also love for your house to smell fresh, without embarrassing litter box odors. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • It accommodates cats under 18 lbs. and also encloses for privacy-keeping litter and odors hidden. (hammacher.com)
  • Eliminate litter box odors with OdorTrap® packs! (litter-robot.com)
  • While the Litter-Robot already reduces litter box odors, OdorTrap® works in tandem to stop odor in its tracks. (litter-robot.com)
  • Say goodbye to litter box odors and hello to a fresher home. (litter-robot.com)
  • Stop scooping cat litter, neutralize litter box odors, and give kitty a clean bed of litter every time with Litter-Robot 4. (litter-robot.com)
  • The new Litter-Robot 4 advances these core features with the latest technology, including the optional OdorTrap® System to neutralize litter box odors and the SafeCat System with OmniSense® Detection for enhanced safety and real-time tracking of waste and litter levels. (litter-robot.com)
  • This automatic, self-cleaning litter box helps minimize tiresome scooping and unwanted odors in your home. (chewy.com)
  • The Litter-Robot 4 takes everything paw-rents love about the Litter-Robot to the next level-the OdorTrap system works to neutralize stubborn litter box odors, while the SafeCat system with OmniSense Detection offers enhanced safety while your kitty takes care of business. (chewy.com)
  • The tightly sealed waste drawer and optional OdorTrap system dramatically reduce stubborn litter box odors. (chewy.com)
  • Experience life-changing pet care with Litter-Robot, the highest-rated automatic, self-cleaning litter box for cats. (litter-robot.com)
  • Never scoop again with Litter-Robot 4: The smartest, quietest, highest-rated WIFI-enabled, self-cleaning litter box for cats. (litter-robot.com)
  • Litter-Robot 4 is the latest evolution of the highest-rated WiFi-enabled, automatic, self-cleaning litter box for cats. (litter-robot.com)
  • Includes a high-walled plastic liner to prevent litter from escaping. (chewy.com)
  • Description: This litter box is designed with high edges to prevent litter spillage and ensure a clean environment for your furry friend. (supermarcat.com.au)
  • There is a grille in the rim to prevent litter tracking. (zooplus.com)
  • Join 1 million pet parents who've upgraded to a smarter litter box. (litter-robot.com)
  • These liners will help prevent sticky clumps at the bottom of the litter pan and. (petland.ca)
  • Clumping Feline Fresh pine litter forms solid, flushable clumps that you can simply scoop out and flush away. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • Scooping big, heavy clumps out of the litter pans? (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • FIRM & FAST CLUMPING - Remarkedly firm clumps trap all residual odor and, unlike ordinary plant-based litters, they can easily be scooped out without breaking or crumbling. (muttsandco.com)
  • Litter-Robot 4's automatic sifting process quietly separates waste from clean litter, depositing the clumps into a tightly sealed drawer for drastic odor reduction. (chewy.com)
  • Discover dozens of articles about breeds of cats on the Litter-Robot blog. (litter-robot.com)
  • My two cats have happily used their first Litter-Robot since December 2021. (purewow.com)
  • This absolutely freaked out my cats with Litter-Robot 3 and can destroy their sense of safety around litter boxes in general. (purewow.com)
  • Not only did I know my cats were using the Litter-Robot 4, but I got some great intel. (purewow.com)
  • While Whisker's individual cat recognition technology won't be available until later this year, I still know both of my cats use the Litter-Robot 4 based on the SmartScaleâ„¢ technology. (purewow.com)
  • But the Litter-Robot 4 seems to sense even a slight paw on the step and stops any action to prevent injuring or scaring cats. (purewow.com)
  • If you have a larger litter pan, choose the 7 pound bag of Feline Fresh or the larger value size of 20 pounds if you have multiple cats or litter boxes. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • Along with their cuteness, cats also bring with them the dreaded litter box . (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Most cats are a bit picky about litter. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Larger litters also mean that there will be more opportunities for cats to find homes, and the mother will be able to protect and teach her litter more than if she was in the process of raising many small pups. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • Available in multiple sizes suitable for very small to very large cats. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • This leak-proof litter box is easy to clean and ideal for larger cats, allowing space to move around. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • Elegantly designed to maximize comfort for cats of all sizes, Litter-Robot 4 features advanced litter-sifting technology, reduced litter tracking, and real-time monitoring of waste and litter levels, plus tracks your cat's weight with SmartScale® in the Whisker app. (litter-robot.com)
  • With a sleek multi-cat design, Litter-Robot 4 can be used comfortably by up to four cats of all sizes. (chewy.com)
  • The sleek, compact design provides comfortable space for cats of all sizes and is suitable for up to 4 cats. (chewy.com)
  • Its extra size provides ample space for larger cats to move around comfortably while doing their business. (supermarcat.com.au)
  • Triangular cat litter tray that can be placed in the corner of a room, with a lowered entrance and removable protective border that keeps litter inside, ideal for younger, older or unwell cats. (zooplus.com)
  • A small cat litter tray with low entrance, ideal for kittens, older cats and ill cats. (zooplus.com)
  • Even cats who love to paw and scratch won't spread their litter. (zooplus.com)
  • A large litter tray with a removable rim, ideal for large breed cats. (zooplus.com)
  • They're very particular about their bathroom habits and prefer a litter box that's as clean as possible. (litter-robot.com)
  • Some rabbit owners prefer a litter box with grates so that poops fall through on the litter while the grates stay clean. (animallama.com)
  • Dutch Shepherds are a medium-sized breed of dog that originated in the Netherlands. (thedogman.net)
  • Larger litters are also seen, but not as often as medium-sized litters. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • Brooklea Beauties has a litter of Goldendoodles Medium sized from Sandy and Mance, Sandy is a golden colored small framed Golden Retriever and Mance is a Cream Poodle, he is a. (puppyfinder.com)
  • The ears of the Bernese Mountain Dog are medium-sized, triangular in shape, and set high on their head. (dogcarelife.com)
  • The ideal siamese is a medium sized, svelte, refined cat with long tapering lines, very lithe but muscular. (github.io)
  • While square litter boxes are the norm and most popular among rabbit owners, you can also get a triangular litter box. (animallama.com)
  • A Neapolitan mastiff named Tia currently holds the Guinness World Record for largest litter, with 24 pups born in 2004. (dog-forums.com)
  • Typically , pups weigh between 12-24 pounds at 8-10 weeks of age, with larger litters tending to have smaller puppies and smaller litters having larger pups. (dogcarelife.com)
  • Benzethonium- chloride caused excessive maternal mortality and a decrease in the reproductive index, in the percent survival of the pups and in the birth weight of the pups but had no effect on litter size or weight gain. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, supplementation of milk and housing had only negligible impact on litter performance. (au.dk)
  • What are the parameters which have an impact on litter size? (tonisity.com)
  • Several parameters theoretically have an impact on litter size. (tonisity.com)
  • The gestation period for Dutch Shepherds is around 63 days, and they typically give birth to litters of between 6-10 puppies. (thedogman.net)
  • Dachshunds typically have litters of six to eleven puppies . (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • Typically, litter sizes range from 10-12 puppies. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • These litter boxes typically use sensors to detect when the cat has finished using the litter box, and then automatically sift or rake the waste into a separate compartment or waste receptacle. (phrmg.org)
  • Bernese Mountain Dogs are a large breed that typically have litters of 6-8 puppies. (dogcarelife.com)
  • Bernese Mountain Dogs typically have litters with an average size of 6 to 8 puppies . (dogcarelife.com)
  • Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dachshunds can have smaller litter sizes, with six puppies being the average. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • Smaller litters of only two to five puppies are commonly seen in dachshunds. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • These corner litter boxes are designed to save space, although they tend to be smaller and might not work well for every rabbit. (animallama.com)
  • This is because gilts have smaller litters than multiparous sows, and the litter size is maximum between parities three and five. (tonisity.com)
  • Larger litters are better because they mean the mother will give more love and attention to each of her kittens. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • The largest litter of kittens ever birthed occurred in 1970 in oxfordshire in the uk. (github.io)
  • A healthy mother cat can have anywhere from 1 to 12 kittens in a litter. (github.io)
  • Whisker, formerly known as AutoPets, is the maker of Litter-Robot and Feeder-Robot and the company behind Litterbox.com. (chewy.com)
  • Different types of litter need different maintenance. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Let's go over the different types of litter boxes you can use and what makes them a suitable option. (animallama.com)
  • For cleaning out, remove the lid and clean the litter box as you normally would. (zooplus.com)
  • View Ad: Belgian Malinois Litter of Puppies for Sale near Missouri, LABADIE, USA. (puppyfinder.com)
  • View Ad: Goldendoodle Litter of Puppies for Sale near Indiana, NORTH VERNON, USA. (puppyfinder.com)
  • Goldendoodle Litter of Puppies for Sale near Colorado, DENVER, USA. (puppyfinder.com)
  • Savic offers a great range of plastic litter trays and boxes, with the option of with or without filters. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • Cleaning litter trays is also easy with Savic Litter Tray Bags, in different sizes to fit your litter tray. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • The hygiene of your cat and of the house are important, that's why Ferplast offers you a wide range of litter trays, both closed and open, suitable for all kinds of needs. (ferplast.com)
  • Cat litter trays are obviously important in any indoor-cat household, but it's important to find the right litter box as well. (zooplus.com)
  • These open litter trays come in several sizes to fit your cat purrfectly! (zooplus.com)
  • Stylish cat litter tray with an innovative, hygienic dividing system, with two trays and a sieve for quick and easy cleaning and ensuring economical litter use. (zooplus.com)
  • Litter-Robot 4 features the all-new SmartScaleâ„¢ that lets you monitor kitty's activity and weight through the Whisker app. (litter-robot.com)
  • Never scoop cat litter again with the Whisker Litter-Robot 4 w/Step Cat Litter Box! (chewy.com)
  • Connect to the Whisker app to monitor litter box usage and receive health insights right from your phone. (chewy.com)
  • Never scoop again with Litter-Robot 4, the advanced self-cleaning litter box by Whisker. (chewy.com)
  • Litter-Robot 4 also lets you track litter and waste drawer levels in real time and monitor your cat's litter box activity and weight using the Whisker app! (chewy.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the body composition at weaning of two random sow-reared piglets per litter from 93 litters by using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. (au.dk)
  • Nowadays, in some countries litters can reach up to 18-20 piglets being a major challenge for the sow's physiology during pregnancy, parturition and lactation. (nih.gov)
  • The increased number of piglets born per litter prolongs sensibly the duration of farrowing, decreases the piglets' average weight at birth and their vitality, increases the competition for colostrum intake and can affect negatively piglets' survival. (nih.gov)
  • This review aims to describe how large litters can affect the immune system of the sow and the piglets and proposes measures to improve this condition. (nih.gov)
  • These creatures lay their eggs under the leaf litter and feed on it in the process. (saqa.com)
  • Ticks may get on you if you walk though areas where they live, such as tall grass, leaf litter or shrubs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several factors contribute to the number of puppies a Berner is likely to have in a single litter. (dogcarelife.com)
  • Unfortunately, there isn't one single litter box on the market that can be considered the best of all. (animallama.com)
  • Foxy is more of a traditional litter box girl as she's only used the robot once in the past week. (purewow.com)
  • Modern, sleek appearance makes this a discreet alternative to traditional litter boxes. (chewy.com)
  • Just line your litter box with the Fresh Kitty Sifting Liners for simple waste removal. (petland.ca)
  • This fun recipe for a Kitty Litter Box is great for Halloween parties, and will have everyone talking and tasting for sure, including the kids! (food.com)
  • Scatter the green cookie crumbs lightly over the top (this resembles the colored granules in some brands of kitty litter). (food.com)
  • Both you and your kitty companion will be glad that you stowed her litter inside this ever-useful box from The Refined Feline! (chewy.com)
  • Your kitty will quickly learn to appreciate the advantages of this functional and fashionable litter box. (zooplus.com)
  • Make sure it's sized properly for your kitty. (vagabondish.com)
  • It's also wise to get a litter box with high sides. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Litter box with high sides and fresh, modern colours, flip the hood up for quick and easy cleaning, with active carbon filter. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • You'll want to choose a litter box with high sides to keep your bun's droppies contained. (animallama.com)
  • Factors that can affect litter size include genetics, age of the mother, and overall health. (dogcarelife.com)
  • Plus, World's Best Cat Litter is flushable and safe for septic tanks, and completely biodegradable! (thecatconnection.com)
  • Having a large litter can put a strain on a Dutch Shepherd's body, increasing the risk of health problems such as uterine infections and complications during delivery. (thedogman.net)
  • Puppies born in large litters may also be at higher risk of health problems such as low birth weight and developmental issues. (thedogman.net)
  • The litter box should also be large enough for your cat to move around. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Get a large mat and place it below the litter box. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Large litter tray with a high rear edge and a low front side for easy access. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • The litter box should be large enough for your rabbit to comfortably fit inside and have extra room to turn around fully. (animallama.com)
  • Storage containers make a great litter box as they can be found in large sizes that work even for the largest rabbit breeds. (animallama.com)
  • It is certain that the occurrence of large litters will continue increasing as genetic companies identify genes affecting prolificacy. (tonisity.com)
  • Spacious cat litter tray with sieve filter for easy cleaning and to ensure efficient use of litter, with a high back wall and perforated exit area, ideal for large breeds. (zooplus.com)
  • Litter-Robots automatically scoop cat poop for you. (purewow.com)
  • So, any poop, litter or pee on its paws will rub off on the mat. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • If you opt for a litter box that is too small and your pet doesn't feel comfortable in it, they might not want to use it and will poop all over the place instead. (animallama.com)
  • The laser and weight sensor technology tracks litter box activity, litter and waste levels, and your cat's weight. (chewy.com)
  • FOR MULTI CAT HOUSEHOLDS: This litter has odor fighting power for multi cat litter boxes with the power of Febreze. (safeway.com)
  • Best size litter boxes. (safeway.com)
  • Remember those days you carried heavy bags, boxes and jugs of litter home from the store? (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • Plastic litter boxes are also quite durable and easy to clean. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • For some weird reason, dogs love cat litter boxes. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • And of course, dogs being around litter boxes are always a messy affair. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Self-cleaning cat litter boxes are automated litter boxes that clean themselves after the cat has used them. (phrmg.org)
  • What makes Litter-Robot 4 different from other self-cleaning litter boxes? (litter-robot.com)
  • 1st We Fix the Cat Litter Boxes. (github.io)
  • The best litter boxes promote good litter box habits and prevent urine splashing outside or tracking litter. (animallama.com)
  • There are many different litter boxes on the market, but the truth is - you don't even need to use a typical litter box! (animallama.com)
  • There's also a much bigger selection compared to rabbit litter boxes. (animallama.com)
  • Note: This product is larger than typical cat litter boxes. (supermarcat.com.au)
  • Say goodbye to heavy and bulky litter boxes that are difficult to handle. (supermarcat.com.au)
  • But before getting started with the litter training, it's essential to find a suitable litter box. (animallama.com)
  • Not only does this self-cleaning litter box save you the hassle of scooping, it cuts back on litter use, litter dust and litter smell. (purewow.com)
  • I am starting to wonder if this litter is putting off to much dust and is hurting my chicks. (backyardchickens.com)
  • If you use corn cobb litter it is completely dust free and safe. (backyardchickens.com)
  • This eliminates the need for owners to manually scoop the litter box, making it a more convenient and hygienic option for cat owners. (phrmg.org)
  • These tear-resistant bags are ideal for lining your cat's litter tray, avoid the build up of urine residue, prevent unpleasant odours, hygienic and easy to clean, make your litter tray last longer. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • The puppies' size will depend on the mother's breed, her parents' genetics, and how many puppies she has carried from previous litters. (whosyourdachshund.com)
  • A light grey litter tray from Savic with a white, removable protective edge. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • In his paper "Long-Term Trends In Pigs Per Litter", Michael Langemeier from Purdue University reports that in USA, from 1993 to 2020, numbers of pigs per litter increased by 0.104 pigs each year, or 1.10 percent, on average. (tonisity.com)
  • LONDON , Jan. 15, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Increase in drilling activities coupled with growing demand for cat litter absorbents in developed countries is expected to drive the global attapulgite market between 2014 and 2020. (prnewswire.com)
  • Feline Fresh natural pine cat litter outperforms traditional clay and clumping clay litters in every way. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • Feline Fresh Natural Pine Cat Litter utilizes a natural by-product of the lumber industry, Southern Pine wood remnants for maximum performance. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • But always avoid scented litter options because they're not a feline favorite. (kritterkommunity.com)
  • Disguise your cat's bathroom and upgrade your home décor with the Refined Feline Refined Deluxe Cat Litter Box! (chewy.com)
  • This jumbo-sized, covered litter tray opens at the top for quick and easy cleaning. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • When you change your litter box you can dispose of the used litter (solid waste removed) into your compost pile or use it as mulch in the garden. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • Proof that not all monsters are scary, this Colourful Monster Litter Bin will have children lining up to dispose of their rubbish and recyclable waste! (litterbins.co.uk)
  • For a deep cleaning, remove the insert by the loops, take it to the rubbish bin, dispose of the litter and clean the insert under running water. (zooplus.com)
  • A spacious litter box with a generous top entry and a specially perforated and removable cover. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • Stylish litter tray with extra high edge and removable protective border to prevent scatter. (zooplus.co.uk)
  • Extra deep litter tray with detachable, protective edges from Trixie. (zooplus.com)
  • Its unique grated entry/exit also helps keep floors clean by collecting litter from a cat's paws as they walk, depositing the granules below. (hammacher.com)
  • Unlike standard cat litter mats, the Litter-Robot Litter Trapâ„¢ Mat is custom-designed to fit Litter-Robot's base, guaranteeing that litter granules tracked out of your self-cleaning litter box are caught in its heavy-duty, urine-repellent top mesh layer. (litter-robot.com)
  • Made with larger, premium clay particles, this litter stays inside the box to help keep paws and your floors clean. (safeway.com)
  • This is the litter box with a grated doorway that helps remove litter particles from a feline's paws. (hammacher.com)
  • While birth size is important, the smallest born pup usually catches up to his siblings and might even surpass them at adulthood. (dog-forums.com)
  • Early life overnutrition induced by litter size manipulation decreases social play behavior in adolescent male rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • What determines the size of puppy litter? (dog-forums.com)
  • Does mom or dad determine puppy size? (dog-forums.com)
  • Is there a dominant puppy in a litter? (dog-forums.com)
  • In every litter, there's generally one puppy who's clearly "extra. (dog-forums.com)
  • Does the smallest puppy in a litter stay the smallest? (dog-forums.com)
  • The growth rate of Bernese Mountain Dog puppies can differ from one puppy to another within the same litter. (dogcarelife.com)
  • It naturally inhibits bacteria growth and leaves the litter box with a clean, fresh scent. (onlynaturalpet.com)
  • However, while paw-size can be a good indicator of whether your dog's growth spurt is done, it doesn't tell you how much bigger your dog will actually be. (dog-forums.com)
  • The instructions for how to construct the Ark of the Covenant in the Book of Exodus resembles a litter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Please confirm dimensions before purchasing, as returns or exchanges due to size may incur significant charges. (supermarcat.com.au)
  • Cat litter tray made of recycled plastic , with removable rim cover, high, curved r im for more cleanliness, without bonnet, modern design in matt green, dimensions: approx. (zooplus.com)
  • Put mixture into a NEW litter box that has been lined with plastic wrap. (food.com)
  • Made from recyclable plastic, this Colourful Monster Litter Bin features a galvanised steel liner for quick and easy emptying, a lock and key to prevent tampering and unauthorised access, and a wide aperture that makes litter disposal a breeze. (litterbins.co.uk)
  • Modern 100% recycled plastic cat litter tray. (zooplus.com)