Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS).
Two extensive fibrous bands running the length of the vertebral column. The anterior longitudinal ligament (ligamentum longitudinale anterius; lacertus medius) interconnects the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies; the posterior longitudinal ligament (ligamentum longitudinale posterius) interconnects the posterior surfaces. The commonest clinical consideration is OSSIFICATION OF POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
A strong ligament of the knee that originates from the anterolateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur, passes posteriorly and inferiorly between the condyles, and attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia.
A band of fibrous tissue that attaches the apex of the PATELLA to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA. The ligament is actually the caudal continuation of the common tendon of the QUADRICEPS FEMORIS. The patella is embedded in that tendon. As such, the patellar ligament can be thought of as connecting the quadriceps femoris tendon to the tibia, and therefore it is sometimes called the patellar tendon.
Rebuilding of the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT to restore functional stability of the knee. AUTOGRAFTING or ALLOGRAFTING of tissues is often used.
A calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spinal column, usually at the level of the cervical spine. It is often associated with anterior ankylosing hyperostosis.
A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis.
A fibromuscular band that attaches to the UTERUS and then passes along the BROAD LIGAMENT, out through the INGUINAL RING, and into the labium majus.
LATERAL LIGAMENTS of the ANKLE JOINT. It includes inferior tibiofibular ligaments.
Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.
A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membranous COCHLEAR DUCT to the bony spiral canal of the COCHLEA. Its spiral ligament fibrocytes function in conjunction with the STRIA VASCULARIS to mediate cochlear ion homeostasis.
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.
A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.
Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
A dead body, usually a human body.
A moon-shaped carpal bone which is located between the SCAPHOID BONE and TRIQUETRUM BONE.
The interarticular fibrocartilages of the superior surface of the tibia.
In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to the human knee.
The development of bony substance in normally soft structures.
Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
The bonelike rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal, also assisting in tooth support by serving as attachment structures for the periodontal ligament. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
The articulations between the various CARPAL BONES. This does not include the WRIST JOINT which consists of the articulations between the RADIUS; ULNA; and proximal CARPAL BONES.
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
Slippage of the FEMUR off the TIBIA.
Nodular tumor-like lesions or mucoid flesh, arising from tendon sheaths, LIGAMENTS, or JOINT CAPSULE, especially of the hands, wrists, or feet. They are not true cysts as they lack epithelial wall. They are distinguished from SYNOVIAL CYSTS by the lack of communication with a joint cavity or the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.
Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.
The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the acromion process of the SCAPULA.
"Dislocation is a traumatic injury wherein the normal articulation between two bones at a joint is disrupted, resulting in the complete separation of the bone ends and associated soft tissues from their usual position."
The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.
The flat, triangular bone situated at the anterior part of the KNEE.
A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.
Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)
The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.
The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.
Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.
The articulation between a metacarpal bone and a phalanx.
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).
The eight bones of the wrist: SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; TRIQUETRUM BONE; PISIFORM BONE; TRAPEZIUM BONE; TRAPEZOID BONE; CAPITATE BONE; and HAMATE BONE.
The first digit on the radial side of the hand which in humans lies opposite the other four.
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.
The articulations between the CARPAL BONES and the METACARPAL BONES.
A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.
A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.
A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.
The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.
The joint involving the CERVICAL ATLAS and axis bones.
Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
The point of articulation between the OCCIPITAL BONE and the CERVICAL ATLAS.
A hinge joint connecting the FOREARM to the ARM.
Measurements of joint flexibility (RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR), usually by employing an angle-measuring device (arthrometer). Arthrometry is used to measure ligamentous laxity and stability. It is often used to evaluate the outcome of ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT replacement surgery.
A competitive team sport played on a rectangular court having a raised basket at each end.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)
The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.
Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.
'Joint diseases' is a broad term that refers to medical conditions causing inflammation, degeneration, or functional impairment in any part of a joint, including the cartilage, bone, ligament, tendon, or bursa, thereby affecting movement and potentially causing pain, stiffness, deformity, or reduced range of motion.
The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.
A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).
Hyperextension injury to the neck, often the result of being struck from behind by a fast-moving vehicle, in an automobile accident. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Also called the shoulder blade, it is a flat triangular bone, a pair of which form the back part of the shoulder girdle.
Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.
The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.
The sac enclosing a joint. It is composed of an outer fibrous articular capsule and an inner SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.
The tunnel in the lower anterior ABDOMINAL WALL through which the SPERMATIC CORD, in the male; ROUND LIGAMENT, in the female; nerves; and vessels pass. Its internal end is at the deep inguinal ring and its external end is at the superficial inguinal ring.
Cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures.
The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)
The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.
Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.
A snow sport which uses skis to glide over the snow. It does not include water-skiing.
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component.
The first cervical vertebra.
The articulation between the articular surface of the PATELLA and the patellar surface of the FEMUR.
Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures.
The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA; FIBULA; and TALUS.
Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Injuries to the wrist or the wrist joint.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE of the anterior compartment of the THIGH that has its origins on the anterior aspect of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine, and its insertion point on the iliotibial tract. It plays a role in medial rotation of the THIGH, steadying the trunk, and in KNEE extension.
General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.
A competitive nine-member team sport including softball.
The spinal or vertebral column.
A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.
A layer of stratified EPITHELIUM forming the endolymphatic border of the cochlear duct at the lateral wall of the cochlea. Stria vascularis contains primarily three cell types (marginal, intermediate, and basal), and capillaries. The marginal cells directly facing the ENDOLYMPH are important in producing ion gradients and endochoclear potential.
The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.
Polyester polymers formed from terephthalic acid or its esters and ethylene glycol. They can be formed into tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.
Replacement of the knee joint.
Pain in the joint.
Replacement for a knee joint.
Nodular bones which lie within a tendon and slide over another bony surface. The PATELLA (kneecap) is a sesamoid bone.
A disease of elderly men characterized by large osteophytes that bridge vertebrae and ossification of ligaments and tendon insertions.
The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.
Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.
Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.
'Elastin' is a highly elastic protein in connective tissue that allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting, such as the skin, lungs, and blood vessels.
A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics.
The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.
Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)
Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Individuals who have developed skills, physical stamina and strength or participants in SPORTS or other physical activities.
Connective tissue comprised chiefly of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers have two components: ELASTIN and MICROFIBRILS.
One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.
Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.
A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Fibrocartilage in tendons and ligaments--an adaptation to compressive load. (1/488)

Where tendons and ligaments are subject to compression, they are frequently fibrocartilaginous. This occurs at 2 principal sites: where tendons (and sometimes ligaments) wrap around bony or fibrous pulleys, and in the region where they attach to bone, i.e. at their entheses. Wrap-around tendons are most characteristic of the limbs and are commonly wider at their point of bony contact so that the pressure is reduced. The most fibrocartilaginous tendons are heavily loaded and permanently bent around their pulleys. There is often pronounced interweaving of collagen fibres that prevents the tendons from splaying apart under compression. The fibrocartilage can be located within fascicles, or in endo- or epitenon (where it may protect blood vessels from compression or allow fascicles to slide). Fibrocartilage cells are commonly packed with intermediate filaments which could be involved in transducing mechanical load. The ECM often contains aggrecan which allows the tendon to imbibe water and withstand compression. Type II collagen may also be present, particularly in tendons that are heavily loaded. Fibrocartilage is a dynamic tissue that disappears when the tendons are rerouted surgically and can be maintained in vitro when discs of tendon are compressed. Finite element analyses provide a good correlation between its distribution and levels of compressive stress, but at some locations fibrocartilage is a sign of pathology. Enthesis fibrocartilage is most typical of tendons or ligaments that attach to the epiphyses of long bones where it may also be accompanied by sesamoid and periosteal fibrocartilages. It is characteristic of sites where the angle of attachment changes throughout the range of joint movement and it reduces wear and tear by dissipating stress concentration at the bony interface. There is a good correlation between the distribution of fibrocartilage within an enthesis and the levels of compressive stress. The complex interlocking between calcified fibrocartilage and bone contributes to the mechanical strength of the enthesis and cartilage-like molecules (e.g. aggrecan and type II collagen) in the ECM contribute to its ability to withstand compression. Pathological changes are common and are known as enthesopathies.  (+info)

Extensive post-traumatic ossification of the patellar tendon. A report of two cases. (2/488)

Two men, aged 21 and 50 years, were seen with ossification of the patellar tendon after injury to the knee in adolescence. They complained of pain and had patella alta. Large bony masses were excised from below the affected patellae. The patellar tendon was then reconstructed using a Leeds-Keio ligament. The results at six and ten years, respectively, were good, with neither patient having pain or an extension lag.  (+info)

Fertility after laparoscopic management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments. (3/488)

The aim of this study was to evaluate fertility outcome after laparoscopic management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments (USL). From January 1993 to December 1996, 30 patients who presented with no other infertility factors were treated using laparoscopic surgery. The overall rate of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) was 50.0% (15 patients). Only one of these 15 pregnancies was obtained using in-vitro fertilization techniques (IVF). The cumulative IUP rate for the 14 pregnancies which occurred spontaneously was 48.5% at 12 months (95% confidence interval 28.3-68.7). The rate of spontaneous pregnancies was not significantly correlated with the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) classification. The rate of IUP was 47.0% (eight cases) for patients with stage I or II endometriosis and 46.1% (six cases) for the patients presenting stage III or IV endometriosis (not significant). These encouraging preliminary results show that in a context of infertility it is reasonable to associate classic treatment for endometriosis (e.g. lysis, i.p. cystectomy, biopolar coagulation of superficial peritoneal endometriotic lesions) with resection of deep endometriotic lesions infiltrating the USL. Apart from the benefit with respect to the pain symptoms from which these patients suffer, it is possible to use laparoscopic surgery with substantial retroperitoneal dissection and enable half of the patients to become pregnant. These results also raise the question of the influence of deep endometriotic lesions on infertility.  (+info)

Plantar aponeurosis and internal architecture of the ball of the foot. (4/488)

On the basis of its internal structure, the ball of the foot can be divided into three transverse areas, each with a different mechanical function: (1) an area proximal to the heads of the metatarsals in which the retinacula cutis are developed into a series of transverse bands, and in which the deep fibres of the plantar aponeurosis form ten sagittal septa connected to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament and through this the proximal phalanges of the toes, (2) an area below the heads of the metatarsals in which vertical fibres from the joint capsules and the sides of the fibrous flexor sheaths form a cushion below each metatarsal head, and in which fat bodies cover the digital nerves and vessels in their passage between the cushions, and (3) a distal area which comprises the interdigital web. The superficial fibres of the plantar aponeurosis are inserted into the skin of this distal area, and deep to them the plantar interdigital ligament forms a series of transverse lamellae connected to the proximal phalanges by a mooring ligament which arches from one fibrous flexor sheath to the next. When the metatarsophalangeal joints are extended, the fibres of the three areas are tensed and the skin is anchored firmly to the skeleton. The direction of the fibres in the distal and proximal area promotes the transfer of forces exerted on the skin during push-off and braking respectively, while the intermediate area is adapted to bear the weight of the body. A concentration of Pacinian corpuscles is found along the digital nerves in the weight-bearing area below the transverse metatarsal ligament. The nerves for the second, and especially for the third, interstice are close to or in contact with the sharp proximal edges of the sagittal septa.  (+info)

Effect of androgens on the cranial suspensory ligament and ovarian position. (5/488)

Androgens have been postulated to have a major role in testicular descent via regression of the cranial suspensory ligament, which in normal rodents anchors the ovary to the retroperitoneum near the lower pole of the kidney. This study aimed to quantitate the degree of descent of the foetal ovary in androgen-treated female mice to determine the role of androgens in regression of the cranial suspensory ligament and descent of the testis. Time-pregnant mice were injected with testosterone propionate or methyl testosterone (2.5-3.0 mg) in vehicle on day 13 or 14. Control animals received vehicle only. Newborn mice were anaesthetised and dissected for macroscopic anatomy of the ovary, which was quantified by measuring the vertical distance from the lower pole of the kidney to the lower pole of the ovary. Histological analysis was also performed. The external genitalia were masculinised in all females exposed to prenatal androgens. The ovaries of treated animals were mobile, with no cranial suspensory ligament, and located slightly caudal to the kidney. Wolffian duct structures were identifiable, but the gubernaculum was qualitatively unchanged compared with control females. The ovary was displaced caudally (P< 0.001), but only 15-25% of the distance to the lower abdomen. Exogenous androgens induce regression of the cranial suspensory ligament, causing the ovary to be more mobile and lower in the abdominal cavity. However, since the testicular position at birth is at or below the bladder neck, androgen-mediated regression of the cranial suspensory ligament is only an adjunct to the control of transabdominal testicular descent.  (+info)

The glass point of elastin. (6/488)

Elastin undergoes a glass transition in a temperature range depends on its water content. This behavior is similar to that of amorphous polymers swollen with solvent and, therefore, is additional evidence for the random network model proposed for the structure of elastin.  (+info)

Development of the human elbow joint. (7/488)

Many studies have been published on the development of the human elbow joint, but authors disagree on its morphogenetic timetable. Most discrepancies center on the cavitation of the elbow joint (including the humeroradial, humeroulnar, and superior radioulnar joints), and the organization of the tunnel of the ulnar nerve. We summarize our observations on the development of the elbow joint in 49 serially sectioned human embryonic (n = 28) and fetal (n = 21) upper limbs. During week 12, ossification begins in the epiphyses of the elements comprising the elbow joint. At the end of the embryonic period, the shallow groove between the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process, begins to be visible. The elbow joint cavity appears in O'Rahilly stage 21 (51 days) at the level of the humeroulnar and humeroradial interzones. Formation of the cavity begins at the medialmost portion of the humeroradial interzone and the lateralmost portion of the humeroulnar interzone. The annular ligament begins to develop in O'Rahilly stage 21 (51 days), and the superior radioulnar joint cavity appears between this ligament and the lateral aspect of the head of the radius during O'Rahilly stage 23 (56 days). We established the morphogenetic timetable of the human elbow joint.  (+info)

Cirri of the stalked crinoid Metacrinus rotundus: neural elements and the effect of cholinergic agonists on mechanical properties. (8/488)

Sea lilies are enigmatic animals due to their scarcity and their biology is comparatively neglected. Cirri, arranged in whorls of five along the sea lily stalk, anchor and support the animal. They consist of ossicles interconnected by collagenous ligaments and by a central canal. Cirri have a well-developed nervous system but lack muscular cells. A light and electron microscopic study was performed to clarify the morphology of the nervous system of the cirri. Two cellular networks were found, one of neuron-like cells and one of cells filled with bullet-shaped organelles. Both networks ramify throughout the cirral ossicles up to the interossicle ligaments. Mechanical tests were performed to analyse the influence of cholinergic agonists on the mechanical properties of these ligaments. In the tests, the cirral ligaments softened after the application of acetylcholine, muscarinic agonists and nicotinic agonists. The reaction time to muscarinic agonists was much slower than to acetylcholine and nicotinic agonists. At low concentrations, muscarinic agonists caused active development of force. No reaction to stimuli was observed in anaesthetized cirri. The data clearly establish the existence of catch connective tissue which can change its mechanical properties under nervous control mediated via nerves with cholinergic receptors. The possible sources of the observed force production are discussed and it is concluded that active contraction of collagenous ligaments causes movement of cirri.  (+info)

Ligaments are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that surround joints and provide support, stability, and limits the range of motion. They are made up primarily of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern to withstand tension and stress. Ligaments attach bone to bone, and their function is to prevent excessive movement that could cause injury or dislocation.

There are two main types of ligaments: extracapsular and intracapsular. Extracapsular ligaments are located outside the joint capsule and provide stability to the joint by limiting its range of motion. Intracapsular ligaments, on the other hand, are found inside the joint capsule and help maintain the alignment of the joint surfaces.

Examples of common ligaments in the body include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee, the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow, and the coracoacromial ligament in the shoulder.

Injuries to ligaments can occur due to sudden trauma or overuse, leading to sprains, strains, or tears. These injuries can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and limited mobility, and may require medical treatment such as immobilization, physical therapy, or surgery.

Articular ligaments, also known as fibrous ligaments, are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that connect and stabilize bones to each other at joints. They help to limit the range of motion of a joint and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. Articular ligaments are composed mainly of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, making them strong and flexible. They have limited blood supply and few nerve endings, which makes them less prone to injury but also slower to heal if damaged. Examples of articular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee joint, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow joint.

The periodontal ligament, also known as the "PDL," is the soft tissue that connects the tooth root to the alveolar bone within the dental alveolus (socket). It consists of collagen fibers organized into groups called principal fibers and accessory fibers. These fibers are embedded into both the cementum of the tooth root and the alveolar bone, providing shock absorption during biting and chewing forces, allowing for slight tooth movement, and maintaining the tooth in its position within the socket.

The periodontal ligament plays a crucial role in the health and maintenance of the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), cementum, alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament itself. Inflammation or infection of the periodontal ligament can lead to periodontal disease, potentially causing tooth loss if not treated promptly and appropriately.

Longitudinal ligaments, in the context of anatomy, refer to the fibrous bands that run lengthwise along the spine. They are named as such because they extend in the same direction as the long axis of the body. The main function of these ligaments is to provide stability and limit excessive movement in the spinal column.

There are three layers of longitudinal ligaments in the spine:

1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL): This ligament runs down the front of the vertebral bodies, attached to their anterior aspects. It helps to prevent hyperextension of the spine.
2. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL): The PLL is located on the posterior side of the vertebral bodies and extends from the axis (C2) to the sacrum. Its primary function is to limit hyperflexion of the spine.
3. Ligamentum Flavum: Although not strictly a 'longitudinal' ligament, it is often grouped with them due to its longitudinal orientation. The ligamentum flavum is a pair of elastic bands that connect adjacent laminae (posterior bony parts) of the vertebral arch in the spine. Its main function is to maintain tension and stability while allowing slight movement between the vertebrae.

These longitudinal ligaments play an essential role in maintaining spinal alignment, protecting the spinal cord, and facilitating controlled movements within the spine.

The Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) is one of the major ligaments in the knee, providing stability to the joint. It is a strong band of tissue located in the back of the knee, connecting the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). The PCL limits the backward motion of the tibia relative to the femur and provides resistance to forces that tend to push the tibia backwards. It also assists in maintaining the overall alignment and function of the knee joint during various movements and activities. Injuries to the PCL are less common compared to injuries to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) but can still occur due to high-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or sports incidents involving direct impact to the front of the knee.

The patellar ligament, also known as the patellar tendon, is a strong band of tissue that connects the bottom part of the kneecap (patella) to the top part of the shinbone (tibia). This ligament plays a crucial role in enabling the extension and straightening of the leg during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Injuries to the patellar ligament, such as tendonitis or tears, can cause pain and difficulty with mobility.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a surgical procedure in which the damaged or torn ACL, a major stabilizing ligament in the knee, is replaced with a graft. The ACL is responsible for preventing excessive motion of the knee joint, and when it is injured, the knee may become unstable and prone to further damage.

During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision in the knee to access the damaged ligament. The torn ends of the ACL are then removed, and a graft is taken from another part of the body (such as the patellar tendon or hamstring tendons) or from a donor. This graft is then positioned in the same location as the original ACL and fixed in place with screws or other devices.

The goal of ACL reconstruction is to restore stability and function to the knee joint, allowing the patient to return to their normal activities, including sports and exercise. Physical therapy is typically required after surgery to help strengthen the knee and improve range of motion.

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) is a medical condition where there is abnormal growth and hardening (ossification) of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spine. The posterior longitudinal ligament runs down the length of the spine, along the back of the vertebral bodies, and helps to maintain the stability and alignment of the spinal column.

In OPLL, the ossification of this ligament can cause narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) and compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. This condition is more commonly found in the cervical spine (neck), but it can also occur in the thoracic (chest) and lumbar (lower back) regions of the spine.

The symptoms of OPLL may include neck pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms and/or legs, depending on the location and severity of the compression. In severe cases, it can lead to serious neurological deficits such as paralysis. The exact cause of OPLL is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors, aging, and mechanical stress on the spine.

The broad ligament is a wide, flat fold of peritoneum (the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity) that supports and suspends the uterus within the pelvic cavity. It consists of two layers - the anterior leaf and the posterior leaf - which enclose and protect various reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and blood vessels.

The broad ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining the position and stability of the uterus, allowing for proper functioning of the female reproductive system. It also serves as a conduit for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply and drain the uterus and other pelvic organs.

Anomalies or pathologies of the broad ligament, such as cysts, tumors, or inflammation, can potentially lead to various gynecological conditions and symptoms, requiring medical evaluation and intervention if necessary.

The round ligament is a cord-like structure in the female pelvis that extends from the uterus to the labia majora. It is one of the major ligaments that support the uterus and helps to maintain its position within the pelvis. The round ligament is composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle, and it plays a role in maintaining the tone and shape of the uterus.

During pregnancy, the round ligament can become stretched and thickened as the uterus grows and expands. This can sometimes cause discomfort or pain, particularly on one side of the pelvis. In some cases, the round ligament may also contribute to the development of certain gynecological conditions, such as uterine prolapse or urinary incontinence.

It is important for healthcare providers to consider the round ligament when evaluating and treating female reproductive health issues, as it can have a significant impact on the function and positioning of the uterus and other pelvic organs.

The lateral ligaments of the ankle are a group of three major ligaments located on the outside (lateral) aspect of the ankle joint. They play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the ankle joint by preventing excessive side-to-side movement or eversion of the foot. The three lateral ligaments are:

1. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL): This is the most commonly injured ligament among the three, as it is the weakest and thinnest. It connects the anterior aspect of the fibula (the lateral malleolus) to the talus bone in the ankle joint. The primary function of the ATFL is to prevent excessive anterior displacement or tilting of the talus bone.

2. Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL): This ligament connects the lateral aspect of the calcaneus (heel bone) to the fibula, preventing excessive inversion and rotation of the ankle joint. The CFL plays a significant role in maintaining the stability of the subtalar joint, which is located just below the ankle joint.

3. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL): This is the strongest and thickest of the lateral ligaments. It connects the posterior aspect of the fibula to the talus bone, preventing excessive posterior displacement or tilting of the talus. The PTFL also helps to stabilize the ankle joint during plantarflexion (pointing the foot downward) movements.

Injuries to these lateral ligaments can occur due to sudden twisting motions, falls, or direct blows to the ankle, leading to conditions such as sprains or tears. Proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for ensuring optimal recovery and preventing long-term complications like chronic ankle instability.

Joint instability is a condition characterized by the loss of normal joint function and increased risk of joint injury due to impaired integrity of the supporting structures, such as ligaments, muscles, or cartilage. This can result in excessive movement or laxity within the joint, leading to decreased stability and increased susceptibility to dislocations or subluxations. Joint instability may cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, and it can significantly impact a person's mobility and quality of life. It is often caused by trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital abnormalities and may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, to restore joint stability.

The spiral ligament of the cochlea is a fibrous structure located in the inner ear, more specifically in the cochlea. It is part of the membranous labyrinth and helps to maintain the shape and tension of the cochlear duct, which is essential for hearing.

The spiral ligament is attached to the bony wall of the cochlea and runs along the entire length of the cochlear duct, spiraling around it in a snail-like fashion. It consists of an outer, highly vascularized fibrous layer (the fibrous cap) and an inner, more cellular layer (the avascular zone).

The spiral ligament plays a crucial role in sound transmission and perception by helping to maintain the mechanical properties of the cochlear duct. The tension on the basilar membrane, where the sensory hair cells are located, is regulated by the spiral ligament's stiffness and elasticity. This tension affects the vibration amplitude and frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane, which in turn influences how we perceive different sounds and pitches.

Damage to the spiral ligament can result in hearing loss or impairment due to disrupted sound transmission and perception.

A rupture, in medical terms, refers to the breaking or tearing of an organ, tissue, or structure in the body. This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, injury, increased pressure, or degeneration. A ruptured organ or structure can lead to serious complications, including internal bleeding, infection, and even death, if not treated promptly and appropriately. Examples of ruptures include a ruptured appendix, ruptured eardrum, or a ruptured disc in the spine.

The knee joint, also known as the tibiofemoral joint, is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. It is a synovial joint that connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). The patella (kneecap), which is a sesamoid bone, is located in front of the knee joint and helps in the extension of the leg.

The knee joint is made up of three articulations: the femorotibial joint between the femur and tibia, the femoropatellar joint between the femur and patella, and the tibiofibular joint between the tibia and fibula. These articulations are surrounded by a fibrous capsule that encloses the synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

The knee joint is stabilized by several ligaments, including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, which provide stability to the sides of the joint, and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, which prevent excessive forward and backward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. The menisci, which are C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located between the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, also help to stabilize the joint by absorbing shock and distributing weight evenly across the articular surfaces.

The knee joint allows for flexion, extension, and a small amount of rotation, making it essential for activities such as walking, running, jumping, and sitting.

A tendon is the strong, flexible band of tissue that connects muscle to bone. It helps transfer the force produced by the muscle to allow various movements of our body parts. Tendons are made up of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles and have a poor blood supply, making them prone to injuries and slow to heal. Examples include the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone, and the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone.

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.

Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:

1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.

Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.

A cadaver is a deceased body that is used for medical research or education. In the field of medicine, cadavers are often used in anatomy lessons, surgical training, and other forms of medical research. The use of cadavers allows medical professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the human body and its various systems without causing harm to living subjects. Cadavers may be donated to medical schools or obtained through other means, such as through consent of the deceased or their next of kin. It is important to handle and treat cadavers with respect and dignity, as they were once living individuals who deserve to be treated with care even in death.

The lunate bone is a carpal bone located in the wrist, more specifically in the proximal row of carpals. It is shaped like a crescent moon, hence the name "lunate" which is derived from the Latin word "luna" meaning moon. The lunate bone articulates with the radius bone in the forearm and forms part of the wrist joint. It also articulates with the triquetral bone proximally, and the scaphoid and capitate bones distally. The blood supply to the lunate bone is mainly derived from the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery, making it susceptible to avascular necrosis (Kienböck's disease) in case of trauma or reduced blood flow.

The menisci are crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located in the knee joint. There are two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus. The tibial menisci, also known as the medial and lateral menisci, are named according to their location in the knee joint. They lie on the top surface of the tibia (shin bone) and provide shock absorption, stability, and lubrication to the knee joint.

The tibial menisci have a complex shape, with a wider outer portion called the peripheral rim and a narrower inner portion called the central portion or root attachment. The menisci are attached to the bones of the knee joint by ligaments and have a rich blood supply in their outer portions, which helps in healing after injury. However, the inner two-thirds of the menisci have a poor blood supply, making them more prone to degeneration and less likely to heal after injury.

Damage to the tibial menisci can occur due to trauma or degenerative changes, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility of the knee joint. Treatment for meniscal injuries may include physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and location of the injury.

The term "stifle" is commonly used in veterinary medicine to refer to the joint in the leg of animals, specifically the knee joint in quadrupeds such as dogs and horses. In human anatomy, this joint is called the patellofemoral joint or knee joint. The stifle is a complex joint made up of several bones, including the femur, tibia, and patella (kneecap), as well as various ligaments, tendons, and cartilage that provide stability and support. Injuries or diseases affecting the stifle can cause lameness, pain, and decreased mobility in animals.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a medical condition where bone tissue forms outside the skeleton, in locations where it does not typically exist. This process can occur in various soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, or even inside joint capsules. The abnormal bone growth can lead to pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and, in some cases, loss of function in the affected area.

There are several types of heterotopic ossification, including:

1. Myositis ossificans - This form is often associated with trauma or injury, such as muscle damage from a fracture, surgery, or direct blow. It typically affects young, active individuals and usually resolves on its own within months to a few years.
2. Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) - Also known as "traumatic heterotopic ossification," this form is often linked to spinal cord injuries, brain injuries, or central nervous system damage. NHO can cause significant impairment and may require surgical intervention in some cases.
3. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) - This rare, genetic disorder causes progressive heterotopic ossification throughout the body, starting in early childhood. The condition significantly impacts mobility and quality of life, with no known cure.

The exact mechanisms behind heterotopic ossification are not fully understood, but it is believed that a combination of factors, including inflammation, tissue injury, and genetic predisposition, contribute to its development. Treatment options may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), radiation therapy, physical therapy, or surgical removal of the abnormal bone growth, depending on the severity and location of the HO.

Athletic injuries are damages or injuries to the body that occur while participating in sports, physical activities, or exercise. These injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Trauma: Direct blows, falls, collisions, or crushing injuries can cause fractures, dislocations, contusions, lacerations, or concussions.
2. Overuse: Repetitive motions or stress on a particular body part can lead to injuries such as tendonitis, stress fractures, or muscle strains.
3. Poor technique: Using incorrect form or technique during exercise or sports can put additional stress on muscles, joints, and ligaments, leading to injury.
4. Inadequate warm-up or cool-down: Failing to properly prepare the body for physical activity or neglecting to cool down afterwards can increase the risk of injury.
5. Lack of fitness or flexibility: Insufficient strength, endurance, or flexibility can make individuals more susceptible to injuries during sports and exercise.
6. Environmental factors: Extreme weather conditions, poor field or court surfaces, or inadequate equipment can contribute to the risk of athletic injuries.

Common athletic injuries include ankle sprains, knee injuries, shoulder dislocations, tennis elbow, shin splints, and concussions. Proper training, warm-up and cool-down routines, use of appropriate protective gear, and attention to technique can help prevent many athletic injuries.

Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.

Dental cementum is a type of hard connective tissue that covers the root of a tooth. It is primarily composed of calcium salts and collagen fibers, and it serves to attach the periodontal ligaments (the fibers that help secure the tooth in its socket) to the tooth's root. Cementum also helps protect the root of the tooth and contributes to the maintenance of tooth stability. It continues to grow and deposit new layers throughout an individual's life, which can be seen as incremental lines called "cementum annulations."

The carpal joints are a group of articulations in the wrist region of the human body. They consist of eight bones, which are arranged in two rows. The proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.

The carpal joints can be further divided into several smaller joints, including:
1. The midcarpal joint: This joint is located between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones and allows for flexion, extension, and circumduction movements of the wrist.
2. The radiocarpal joint: This joint is located between the distal end of the radius bone and the scaphoid and lunate bones in the proximal row. It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the wrist.
3. The intercarpal joints: These are the joints located between the individual carpal bones within each row. They allow for small gliding movements between the bones.

The carpal joints are surrounded by a fibrous capsule, ligaments, and muscles that provide stability and support to the wrist. The smooth articular cartilage covering the surfaces of the bones allows for smooth movement and reduces friction during articulation.

The tibia, also known as the shin bone, is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg and part of the knee joint. It supports most of the body's weight and is a major insertion point for muscles that flex the foot and bend the leg. The tibia articulates with the femur at the knee joint and with the fibula and talus bone at the ankle joint. Injuries to the tibia, such as fractures, are common in sports and other activities that put stress on the lower leg.

Knee dislocation is a serious and uncommon orthopedic injury that occurs when the bones that form the knee joint (femur, tibia, and patella) are forced out of their normal position due to extreme trauma or force. This injury often requires immediate medical attention and reduction (repositioning) by a healthcare professional. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as compartment syndrome, nerve damage, and long-term joint instability. It's important to note that knee dislocation is different from a kneecap (patellar) dislocation, which involves the patella sliding out of its groove in the femur.

A ganglion cyst is a type of fluid-filled sac that commonly develops on the back of the wrist, hands, or fingers. These cysts usually contain a clear, jelly-like material and are connected to a joint or tendon sheath. The exact cause of ganglion cysts is unknown, but they may form as a result of repetitive trauma or degeneration of the joint tissue.

Ganglion cysts can vary in size from small (pea-sized) to large (golf ball-sized). They are usually painless, but if they press on a nerve, they can cause tingling, numbness, or discomfort. In some cases, ganglion cysts may resolve on their own without treatment, while others may require medical intervention such as aspiration (draining the fluid) or surgical removal.

Ankle injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the ankle joint and its surrounding structures, including bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. The ankle joint is a complex structure composed of three bones: the tibia (shinbone), fibula (lower leg bone), and talus (a bone in the foot). These bones are held together by various strong ligaments that provide stability and enable proper movement.

There are several types of ankle injuries, with the most common being sprains, strains, and fractures:

1. Ankle Sprain: A sprain occurs when the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint get stretched or torn due to sudden twisting, rolling, or forced movements. The severity of a sprain can range from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 3), with partial or complete tearing of the ligament(s).
2. Ankle Strain: A strain is an injury to the muscles or tendons surrounding the ankle joint, often caused by overuse, excessive force, or awkward positioning. This results in pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the ankle.
3. Ankle Fracture: A fracture occurs when one or more bones in the ankle joint break due to high-impact trauma, such as a fall, sports injury, or vehicle accident. Fractures can vary in severity, from small cracks to complete breaks that may require surgery and immobilization for proper healing.

Symptoms of ankle injuries typically include pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected ankle. Immediate medical attention is necessary for severe injuries, such as fractures, dislocations, or significant ligament tears, to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Treatment options may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), immobilization with a brace or cast, physical therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of the injury.

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is the joint located between the acromion process of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle (collarbone). It allows for a small amount of movement between these two bones and participates in shoulder motion. Injuries to this joint, such as AC joint separations or sprains, are common and can occur due to falls, direct blows, or repetitive motions that cause the ligaments that support the AC joint to become stretched or torn.

A dislocation is a condition in which a bone slips out of its normal position in a joint. This can happen as a result of trauma or injury, such as a fall or direct blow to the body. Dislocations can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area. In some cases, a dislocation may also damage surrounding tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and nerves.

Dislocations are typically treated by reducing the dislocation, which means putting the bone back into its normal position. This is usually done with the help of medication to relieve pain and relaxation techniques to help the person stay still during the reduction. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or if the dislocation cannot be reduced through other methods. After the dislocation has been reduced, the joint may be immobilized with a splint or sling to allow it to heal properly.

It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect that you have a dislocation. If left untreated, a dislocation can lead to further complications, such as joint instability and chronic pain.

"Weight-bearing" is a term used in the medical field to describe the ability of a body part or limb to support the weight or pressure exerted upon it, typically while standing, walking, or performing other physical activities. In a clinical setting, healthcare professionals often use the term "weight-bearing exercise" to refer to physical activities that involve supporting one's own body weight, such as walking, jogging, or climbing stairs. These exercises can help improve bone density, muscle strength, and overall physical function, particularly in individuals with conditions affecting the bones, joints, or muscles.

In addition, "weight-bearing" is also used to describe the positioning of a body part during medical imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs. For example, a weight-bearing X-ray of the foot or ankle involves taking an image while the patient stands on the affected limb, allowing healthcare providers to assess any alignment or stability issues that may not be apparent in a non-weight-bearing position.

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a sesamoid bone located at the front of the knee joint. It is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and serves to protect the knee joint and increase the leverage of the extensor mechanism, allowing for greater extension force of the lower leg. The patella moves within a groove on the femur called the trochlea during flexion and extension of the knee.

A sprain is a type of injury that occurs to the ligaments, which are the bands of tissue that connect two bones together in a joint. It's usually caused by a sudden twisting or wrenching movement that stretches or tears the ligament. The severity of a sprain can vary, from a minor stretch to a complete tear of the ligament.

A strain, on the other hand, is an injury to a muscle or tendon, which is the tissue that connects muscle to bone. Strains typically occur when a muscle or tendon is stretched beyond its limit or is forced to contract too quickly. This can result in a partial or complete tear of the muscle fibers or tendon.

Both sprains and strains can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the affected joint or muscle. The severity of these symptoms will depend on the extent of the injury. In general, sprains and strains are treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to reduce pain and inflammation, followed by rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and mobility.

A tendon transfer is a surgical procedure where a healthy tendon is moved to rebalance or reinforce a muscle that has become weak or paralyzed due to injury, disease, or nerve damage. The transferred tendon attaches to the bone in a new position, allowing it to power a different movement or stabilize a joint. This procedure helps restore function and improve mobility in the affected area.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint, is the articulation between the bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula) and the talus bone in the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements, which are essential for walking, running, and jumping. The ankle joint is reinforced by strong ligaments on both sides to provide stability during these movements.

The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the upper part of the spine, also known as the neck region. They are labeled C1 to C7, with C1 being closest to the skull and C7 connecting to the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region. The cervical vertebrae have unique structures to allow for a wide range of motion in the neck while also protecting the spinal cord and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

Tooth movement, in a dental and orthodontic context, refers to the physical change in position or alignment of one or more teeth within the jaw bone as a result of controlled forces applied through various orthodontic appliances such as braces, aligners, or other orthodontic devices. The purposeful manipulation of these forces encourages the periodontal ligament (the tissue that connects the tooth to the bone) to remodel, allowing the tooth to move gradually over time into the desired position. This process is crucial in achieving proper bite alignment, correcting malocclusions, and enhancing overall oral function and aesthetics.

The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is the joint that connects the bones of the hand (metacarpals) to the bones of the fingers and thumb (phalanges). It's also commonly referred to as the "knuckle" joint. The MCP joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the fingers and thumb. It is a synovial joint, which means it contains a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid that helps reduce friction during movement.

The femur is the medical term for the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and allowing movement during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The femur is composed of a rounded head, a long shaft, and two condyles at the lower end that articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a condyloid joint that connects the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm to the proximal row of carpal bones in the hand (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones). It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the hand. The wrist joint is surrounded by a capsule and reinforced by several ligaments that provide stability and strength to the joint.

Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist joint in humans and other primates. These bones are arranged in two rows, with four bones in each row. The proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.

The carpal bones play an essential role in the function of the wrist joint by providing stability, support, and mobility. They allow for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, and circumduction. The complex structure of the carpal bones also helps to absorb shock and distribute forces evenly across the wrist during activities such as gripping or lifting objects.

Injuries to the carpal bones, such as fractures or dislocations, can be painful and may require medical treatment to ensure proper healing and prevent long-term complications. Additionally, degenerative conditions such as arthritis can affect the carpal bones, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility in the wrist joint.

In medical terms, the thumb is referred to as "pollex" and it's the first digit of the hand, located laterally to the index finger. It's opposable, meaning it can move opposite to the other fingers, allowing for powerful gripping and precise manipulation. The thumb contains two phalanges bones - the distal and proximal - and is connected to the hand by the carpometacarpal joint, which provides a wide range of motion.

Mechanical stress, in the context of physiology and medicine, refers to any type of force that is applied to body tissues or organs, which can cause deformation or displacement of those structures. Mechanical stress can be either external, such as forces exerted on the body during physical activity or trauma, or internal, such as the pressure changes that occur within blood vessels or other hollow organs.

Mechanical stress can have a variety of effects on the body, depending on the type, duration, and magnitude of the force applied. For example, prolonged exposure to mechanical stress can lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and chronic pain. Additionally, abnormal or excessive mechanical stress can contribute to the development of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as tendinitis, osteoarthritis, and herniated discs.

In order to mitigate the negative effects of mechanical stress, the body has a number of adaptive responses that help to distribute forces more evenly across tissues and maintain structural integrity. These responses include changes in muscle tone, joint positioning, and connective tissue stiffness, as well as the remodeling of bone and other tissues over time. However, when these adaptive mechanisms are overwhelmed or impaired, mechanical stress can become a significant factor in the development of various pathological conditions.

The periodontium is a complex structure in the oral cavity that surrounds and supports the teeth. It consists of four main components:
1. Gingiva (gums): The pink, soft tissue that covers the crown of the tooth and extends down to the neck of the tooth, where it meets the cementum.
2. Cementum: A specialized, calcified tissue that covers the root of the tooth and provides a surface for the periodontal ligament fibers to attach.
3. Periodontal ligament (PDL): A highly vascular and cell-rich connective tissue that attaches the cementum of the tooth root to the alveolar bone, allowing for tooth mobility and absorption of forces during chewing.
4. Alveolar bone: The portion of the jawbone that contains the sockets (alveoli) for the teeth. It is a spongy bone with a rich blood supply that responds to mechanical stresses from biting and chewing, undergoing remodeling throughout life.

Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, affect the health and integrity of the periodontium, leading to inflammation, bleeding, pocket formation, bone loss, and ultimately tooth loss if left untreated.

The alveolar process is the curved part of the jawbone (mandible or maxilla) that contains sockets or hollow spaces (alveoli) for the teeth to be embedded. These processes are covered with a specialized mucous membrane called the gingiva, which forms a tight seal around the teeth to help protect the periodontal tissues and maintain oral health.

The alveolar process is composed of both compact and spongy bone tissue. The compact bone forms the outer layer, while the spongy bone is found inside the alveoli and provides support for the teeth. When a tooth is lost or extracted, the alveolar process begins to resorb over time due to the lack of mechanical stimulation from the tooth's chewing forces. This can lead to changes in the shape and size of the jawbone, which may require bone grafting procedures before dental implant placement.

The carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are the articulations between the carpal bones of the wrist and the metacarpal bones of the hand. There are five CMC joints in total, with one located at the base of each finger and thumb. The CMC joint of the thumb, also known as the first CMC joint or trapeziometacarpal joint, is the most commonly affected by osteoarthritis. These joints play a crucial role in hand function and movement, allowing for various grips and grasping motions.

In medical terms, the knee is referred to as the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. It is a hinge joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bones (tibia and fibula), enabling movements like flexion, extension, and a small amount of rotation. The knee also contains several other components such as menisci, ligaments, tendons, and bursae, which provide stability, cushioning, and protection during movement.

Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. It provides a cushion between bones and allows for smooth movement by reducing friction. Articular cartilage also absorbs shock and distributes loads evenly across the joint, protecting the bones from damage. It is avascular, meaning it does not have its own blood supply, and relies on the surrounding synovial fluid for nutrients. Over time, articular cartilage can wear down or become damaged due to injury or disease, leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soccer" is not a medical term. It is the common name for the sport also known as football in many parts of the world. The official name of the sport in the United States and Canada is "soccer," which helps distinguish it from other forms of football that involve carrying the ball, such as American football or Canadian football.

If you have any medical questions or terms you'd like defined, I'd be happy to help!

The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It runs from the elbow to the wrist and is located on the medial side of the forearm, next to the bone called the humerus in the upper arm. The ulna plays a crucial role in the movement of the forearm and also serves as an attachment site for various muscles.

The atlanto-axial joint is the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae, also known as C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis). It consists of two separate joints: the median atlanto-axial joint, which is a pivot joint that allows for rotation of the head, and the paired lateral atlanto-axial joints, which are plane joints that allow for limited gliding movements.

The atlanto-axial joint is surrounded by several ligaments that provide stability and limit excessive movement. The transverse ligament, located on the anterior aspect of the joint, is particularly important as it prevents excessive movement of the atlas on the axis and helps to protect the spinal cord.

Abnormalities or injuries to the atlanto-axial joint can result in instability and potentially serious neurological complications.

Suture techniques refer to the various methods used by surgeons to sew or stitch together tissues in the body after an injury, trauma, or surgical incision. The main goal of suturing is to approximate and hold the edges of the wound together, allowing for proper healing and minimizing scar formation.

There are several types of suture techniques, including:

1. Simple Interrupted Suture: This is one of the most basic suture techniques where the needle is passed through the tissue at a right angle, creating a loop that is then tightened to approximate the wound edges. Multiple stitches are placed along the length of the incision or wound.
2. Continuous Locking Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed continuously through the tissue in a zigzag pattern, with each stitch locking into the previous one. This creates a continuous line of sutures that provides strong tension and support to the wound edges.
3. Running Suture: Similar to the continuous locking suture, this technique involves passing the needle continuously through the tissue in a straight line. However, instead of locking each stitch, the needle is simply passed through the previous loop before being tightened. This creates a smooth and uninterrupted line of sutures that can be easily removed after healing.
4. Horizontal Mattress Suture: In this technique, two parallel stitches are placed horizontally across the wound edges, creating a "mattress" effect that provides additional support and tension to the wound. This is particularly useful in deep or irregularly shaped wounds.
5. Vertical Mattress Suture: Similar to the horizontal mattress suture, this technique involves placing two parallel stitches vertically across the wound edges. This creates a more pronounced "mattress" effect that can help reduce tension and minimize scarring.
6. Subcuticular Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed just below the surface of the skin, creating a smooth and barely visible line of sutures. This is particularly useful in cosmetic surgery or areas where minimizing scarring is important.

The choice of suture technique depends on various factors such as the location and size of the wound, the type of tissue involved, and the patient's individual needs and preferences. Proper suture placement and tension are crucial for optimal healing and aesthetic outcomes.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Prostheses: Artificial substitutes or replacements for missing body parts, such as limbs, eyes, or teeth. They are designed to restore the function, appearance, or mobility of the lost part. Prosthetic devices can be categorized into several types, including:

1. External prostheses: Devices that are attached to the outside of the body, like artificial arms, legs, hands, and feet. These may be further classified into:
a. Cosmetic or aesthetic prostheses: Primarily designed to improve the appearance of the affected area.
b. Functional prostheses: Designed to help restore the functionality and mobility of the lost limb.
2. Internal prostheses: Implanted artificial parts that replace missing internal organs, bones, or tissues, such as heart valves, hip joints, or intraocular lenses.

Implants: Medical devices or substances that are intentionally placed inside the body to replace or support a missing or damaged biological structure, deliver medication, monitor physiological functions, or enhance bodily functions. Examples of implants include:

1. Orthopedic implants: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged bones, joints, or cartilage, such as knee or hip replacements.
2. Cardiovascular implants: Devices that help support or regulate heart function, like pacemakers, defibrillators, and artificial heart valves.
3. Dental implants: Artificial tooth roots that are placed into the jawbone to support dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
4. Neurological implants: Devices used to stimulate nerves, brain structures, or spinal cord tissues to treat various neurological conditions, like deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease or cochlear implants for hearing loss.
5. Ophthalmic implants: Artificial lenses that are placed inside the eye to replace a damaged or removed natural lens, such as intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that is characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage - the tissue that cushions the ends of bones where they meet in the joints. This breakdown can cause the bones to rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. OA can occur in any joint, but it most commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine. It is often associated with aging and can be caused or worsened by obesity, injury, or overuse.

The medical definition of osteoarthritis is: "a degenerative, non-inflammatory joint disease characterized by the loss of articular cartilage, bone remodeling, and the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs). It is often associated with pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint."

The Atlanto-Occipital Joint, also known as the AO joint or the craniocervical joint, is the articulation between the occiput (the base of the skull) and the atlas (the first cervical vertebra). This joint allows for movements such as nodding your head "yes" and tilting your head from side to side. It is a crucial joint in maintaining the alignment and stability of the head and neck.

The elbow joint, also known as the cubitus joint, is a hinge joint that connects the humerus bone of the upper arm to the radius and ulna bones of the forearm. It allows for flexion and extension movements of the forearm, as well as some degree of rotation. The main articulation occurs between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, while the radial head of the radius also contributes to the joint's stability and motion. Ligaments, muscles, and tendons surround and support the elbow joint, providing strength and protection during movement.

Arthrometry is a measurement technique used in the field of orthopedics and rheumatology to assess the integrity and mobility of joints. When qualified with the term "articular," it specifically refers to the measurement of articular motion or range of motion (ROM) within a synovial joint.

Articular arthrometry involves using specialized instruments, such as goniometers, inclinometers, or digital devices like smartphone applications and wearable sensors, to quantify the degree of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, or other movements in a joint. This information can help medical professionals evaluate joint function, diagnose injuries or conditions affecting joint mobility, monitor disease progression, and assess treatment outcomes.

In summary, articular arthrometry is the measurement of articular motion within synovial joints to evaluate joint health and function.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Basketball" is a sports game and not a medical term. It involves two teams of five players each trying to score points by throwing a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.05 meters) high mounted on a backboard at each end of the court.

If you have any medical questions or terms, I would be happy to help define those for you.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

In the context of medicine, particularly in anatomy and physiology, "rotation" refers to the movement of a body part around its own axis or the long axis of another structure. This type of motion is three-dimensional and can occur in various planes. A common example of rotation is the movement of the forearm bones (radius and ulna) around each other during pronation and supination, which allows the hand to be turned palm up or down. Another example is the rotation of the head during mastication (chewing), where the mandible moves in a circular motion around the temporomandibular joint.

In the context of dentistry, a molar is a type of tooth found in the back of the mouth. They are larger and wider than other types of teeth, such as incisors or canines, and have a flat biting surface with multiple cusps. Molars are primarily used for grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces that are easier to swallow. Humans typically have twelve molars in total, including the four wisdom teeth.

In medical terminology outside of dentistry, "molar" can also refer to a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system of measurement, which is equivalent to 4.08 grams. However, this usage is less common and not related to dental or medical anatomy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease that affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the knee joint. It is characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of the smooth, cushioning cartilage that covers the ends of bones and allows for easy movement within joints. As the cartilage wears away, the bones rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Osteoarthritis of the knee can also lead to the formation of bone spurs (osteophytes) and cysts in the joint. This condition is most commonly found in older adults, but it can also occur in younger people as a result of injury or overuse. Risk factors include obesity, family history, previous joint injuries, and repetitive stress on the knee joint. Treatment options typically include pain management, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery.

Tooth eruption is the process by which a tooth emerges from the gums and becomes visible in the oral cavity. It is a normal part of dental development that occurs in a predictable sequence and timeframe. Primary or deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around 6 months of age and continue to emerge until approximately 2-3 years of age. Permanent or adult teeth start to erupt around 6 years of age and can continue to emerge until the early twenties.

The process of tooth eruption involves several stages, including the formation of the tooth within the jawbone, the movement of the tooth through the bone and surrounding tissues, and the final emergence of the tooth into the mouth. Proper tooth eruption is essential for normal oral function, including chewing, speaking, and smiling. Any abnormalities in the tooth eruption process, such as delayed or premature eruption, can indicate underlying dental or medical conditions that require further evaluation and treatment.

"Recovery of function" is a term used in medical rehabilitation to describe the process in which an individual regains the ability to perform activities or tasks that were previously difficult or impossible due to injury, illness, or disability. This can involve both physical and cognitive functions. The goal of recovery of function is to help the person return to their prior level of independence and participation in daily activities, work, and social roles as much as possible.

Recovery of function may be achieved through various interventions such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, and other rehabilitation strategies. The specific approach used will depend on the individual's needs and the nature of their impairment. Recovery of function can occur spontaneously as the body heals, or it may require targeted interventions to help facilitate the process.

It is important to note that recovery of function does not always mean a full return to pre-injury or pre-illness levels of ability. Instead, it often refers to the person's ability to adapt and compensate for any remaining impairments, allowing them to achieve their maximum level of functional independence and quality of life.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that occurs after tissue injury, aiming to restore the integrity and functionality of the damaged tissue. It involves a series of overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

1. Hemostasis: This initial phase begins immediately after injury and involves the activation of the coagulation cascade to form a clot, which stabilizes the wound and prevents excessive blood loss.
2. Inflammation: Activated inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, infiltrate the wound site to eliminate pathogens, remove debris, and release growth factors that promote healing. This phase typically lasts for 2-5 days post-injury.
3. Proliferation: In this phase, various cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes, proliferate and migrate to the wound site to synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) components, form new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and re-epithelialize the wounded area. This phase can last up to several weeks depending on the size and severity of the wound.
4. Remodeling: The final phase of wound healing involves the maturation and realignment of collagen fibers, leading to the restoration of tensile strength in the healed tissue. This process can continue for months to years after injury, although the tissue may never fully regain its original structure and function.

It is important to note that wound healing can be compromised by several factors, including age, nutrition, comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, vascular disease), and infection, which can result in delayed healing or non-healing chronic wounds.

Joint diseases is a broad term that refers to various conditions affecting the joints, including but not limited to:

1. Osteoarthritis (OA): A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential loss of function.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in the synovial membrane lining the joints, resulting in swelling, pain, and joint damage if left untreated.
3. Infectious Arthritis: Joint inflammation caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections that spread through the bloodstream or directly enter the joint space.
4. Gout: A type of arthritis resulting from the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, typically affecting the big toe and characterized by sudden attacks of severe pain, redness, and swelling.
5. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): An inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis, causing symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints and surrounding tissues.
6. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A group of chronic arthritis conditions affecting children, characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness.
7. Ankylosing Spondylitis: A form of arthritis primarily affecting the spine, causing inflammation, pain, and potential fusion of spinal vertebrae.
8. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain and swelling.
9. Tendinitis: Inflammation or degeneration of tendons, which connect muscles to bones, often resulting in pain and stiffness near joints.

These conditions can impact the function and mobility of affected joints, causing discomfort and limiting daily activities. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing joint diseases and preserving joint health.

The fibula is a slender bone located in the lower leg of humans and other vertebrates. It runs parallel to the larger and more robust tibia, and together they are known as the bones of the leg or the anterior tibial segment. The fibula is the lateral bone in the leg, positioned on the outside of the tibia.

In humans, the fibula extends from the knee joint proximally to the ankle joint distally. Its proximal end, called the head of the fibula, articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia and forms part of the inferior aspect of the knee joint. The narrowed portion below the head is known as the neck of the fibula.

The shaft of the fibula, also called the body of the fibula, is a long, thin structure that descends from the neck and serves primarily for muscle attachment rather than weight-bearing functions. The distal end of the fibula widens to form the lateral malleolus, which is an important bony landmark in the ankle region. The lateral malleolus articulates with the talus bone of the foot and forms part of the ankle joint.

The primary functions of the fibula include providing attachment sites for muscles that act on the lower leg, ankle, and foot, as well as contributing to the stability of the ankle joint through its articulation with the talus bone. Fractures of the fibula can occur due to various injuries, such as twisting or rotational forces applied to the ankle or direct trauma to the lateral aspect of the lower leg.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, and it is a major component of connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, skin, and bones. Collagen provides structure and strength to these tissues and helps them to withstand stretching and tension. It is made up of long chains of amino acids, primarily glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which are arranged in a triple helix structure. There are at least 16 different types of collagen found in the body, each with slightly different structures and functions. Collagen is important for maintaining the integrity and health of tissues throughout the body, and it has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses in various medical conditions.

Whiplash injuries are a type of soft tissue injury to the neck that occurs when the head is suddenly and forcefully thrown backward (hyperextension) and then forward (hyperflexion). This motion is similar to the cracking of a whip, hence the term "whiplash."

Whiplash injuries are most commonly associated with rear-end automobile accidents, but they can also occur from sports accidents, physical abuse, or other traumatic events. The impact of these forces on the neck can cause damage to the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other soft tissues in the neck, resulting in pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.

In some cases, whiplash injuries may also cause damage to the discs between the vertebrae in the spine or to the nerves exiting the spinal cord. These types of injuries can have more serious consequences and may require additional medical treatment.

Whiplash injuries are typically diagnosed based on a combination of physical examination, patient history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment for whiplash injuries may include pain medication, physical therapy, chiropractic care, or in some cases, surgery.

The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located in the upper back region of the human body. It serves as the site of attachment for various muscles that are involved in movements of the shoulder joint and arm. The scapula has several important features:

1. Three borders (anterior, lateral, and medial)
2. Three angles (superior, inferior, and lateral)
3. Spine of the scapula - a long, horizontal ridge that divides the scapula into two parts: supraspinous fossa (above the spine) and infraspinous fossa (below the spine)
4. Glenoid cavity - a shallow, concave surface on the lateral border that articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint
5. Acromion process - a bony projection at the top of the scapula that forms part of the shoulder joint and serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments
6. Coracoid process - a hook-like bony projection extending from the anterior border, which provides attachment for muscles and ligaments

Understanding the anatomy and function of the scapula is essential in diagnosing and treating various shoulder and upper back conditions.

Hemarthrosis is a medical term that refers to the presence of blood in a joint space. This condition usually occurs as a result of trauma or injury that causes bleeding into the joint, such as a fracture or dislocation. Certain medical conditions like hemophilia and other bleeding disorders can also make a person more prone to hemarthrosis.

The accumulation of blood in the joint space can cause pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness, making it difficult for the individual to move the affected joint. In some cases, hemarthrosis may require medical intervention, such as draining the excess blood from the joint or administering clotting factors to help stop the bleeding. If left untreated, hemarthrosis can lead to complications like joint damage and chronic pain.

The celiac artery, also known as the anterior abdominal aortic trunk, is a major artery that originates from the abdominal aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the foregut, which includes the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, and upper part of the duodenum. It branches into three main branches: the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. The celiac artery plays a crucial role in providing blood to these vital organs, and any disruption or damage to it can lead to serious health consequences.

A joint capsule is the fibrous sac that encloses a synovial joint, which is a type of joint characterized by the presence of a cavity filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule provides stability and strength to the joint, while also allowing for a range of motion. It consists of two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane. The fibrous layer is made up of dense connective tissue that helps to stabilize the joint, while the synovial membrane produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction during movement.

The inguinal canal is a narrow passage in the lower abdominal wall. In males, it allows for the spermatic cord and blood vessels to travel from the abdomen to the scrotum. In females, it provides a pathway for the round ligament of the uterus to pass through. The inguinal canal is located in the groin region, and an inguinal hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes through this canal.

Mechanoreceptors are specialized sensory receptor cells that convert mechanical stimuli such as pressure, tension, or deformation into electrical signals that can be processed and interpreted by the nervous system. They are found in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and internal organs. Mechanoreceptors can detect different types of mechanical stimuli depending on their specific structure and location. For example, Pacinian corpuscles in the skin respond to vibrations, while Ruffini endings in the joints detect changes in joint angle and pressure. Overall, mechanoreceptors play a crucial role in our ability to perceive and interact with our environment through touch, proprioception (the sense of the position and movement of body parts), and visceral sensation (awareness of internal organ activity).

A tooth root is the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jawbone and cannot be seen when looking at a person's smile. It is the lower portion of a tooth that typically has a conical shape and anchors the tooth to the jawbone through a periodontal ligament. The tooth root is covered by cementum, a specialized bone-like tissue, and contains nerve endings and blood vessels within its pulp chamber.

The number of roots in a tooth can vary depending on the type of tooth. For example, incisors typically have one root, canines may have one or two roots, premolars usually have one or two roots, and molars often have two to four roots. The primary function of the tooth root is to provide stability and support for the crown of the tooth, allowing it to withstand the forces of biting and chewing.

The Quadriceps muscle, also known as the Quadriceps Femoris, is a large muscle group located in the front of the thigh. It consists of four individual muscles - the Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus Medialis. These muscles work together to extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at the hip joint. The Quadriceps muscle is crucial for activities such as walking, running, jumping, and kicking.

Connective tissue is a type of biological tissue that provides support, strength, and protection to various structures in the body. It is composed of cells called fibroblasts, which produce extracellular matrix components such as collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans. These components give connective tissue its unique properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and resistance to compression.

There are several types of connective tissue in the body, each with its own specific functions and characteristics. Some examples include:

1. Loose or Areolar Connective Tissue: This type of connective tissue is found throughout the body and provides cushioning and support to organs and other structures. It contains a large amount of ground substance, which allows for the movement and gliding of adjacent tissues.
2. Dense Connective Tissue: This type of connective tissue has a higher concentration of collagen fibers than loose connective tissue, making it stronger and less flexible. Dense connective tissue can be further divided into two categories: regular (or parallel) and irregular. Regular dense connective tissue, such as tendons and ligaments, has collagen fibers that run parallel to each other, providing great tensile strength. Irregular dense connective tissue, such as the dermis of the skin, has collagen fibers arranged in a more haphazard pattern, providing support and flexibility.
3. Adipose Tissue: This type of connective tissue is primarily composed of fat cells called adipocytes. Adipose tissue serves as an energy storage reservoir and provides insulation and cushioning to the body.
4. Cartilage: A firm, flexible type of connective tissue that contains chondrocytes within a matrix of collagen and proteoglycans. Cartilage is found in various parts of the body, including the joints, nose, ears, and trachea.
5. Bone: A specialized form of connective tissue that consists of an organic matrix (mainly collagen) and an inorganic mineral component (hydroxyapatite). Bone provides structural support to the body and serves as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions.
6. Blood: Although not traditionally considered connective tissue, blood does contain elements of connective tissue, such as plasma proteins and leukocytes (white blood cells). Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "skiing" is not a medical term. It is a recreational activity that involves sliding down snow-covered slopes while standing on long, flat runners called skis. However, if you're interested, I can provide information about injuries that are commonly associated with skiing:

Skiing injuries can range from minor scrapes and bruises to more serious injuries such as fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains. Some of the most common skiing injuries include:

1. Knee injuries: ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tears are a common injury in skiers, often caused by landing awkwardly from jumps or falls.
2. Shoulder injuries: Dislocations and sprains can occur when skiers fall onto an outstretched arm.
3. Thumb injuries: Skiers can suffer from "skier's thumb" when they fall with their hand still in the ski pole strap, causing a ligament tear in the thumb.
4. Head injuries: Concussions and other head injuries can occur if skiers collide with objects or other people, or if they fall and hit their head on the ground. Wearing a helmet while skiing is highly recommended to reduce the risk of head injuries.
5. Fractures: Skiers can suffer fractures in various parts of the body, including the wrists, ankles, and hips, due to falls or collisions.

To prevent these injuries, it's essential to wear appropriate safety gear, such as helmets, wrist guards, and back protectors, and to receive proper instruction on skiing techniques and safety practices. Additionally, staying in good physical condition and being aware of one's limits can help reduce the risk of injury while skiing.

An incisor is a type of tooth that is primarily designed for biting off food pieces rather than chewing or grinding. They are typically chisel-shaped, flat, and have a sharp cutting edge. In humans, there are eight incisors - four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw, located at the front of the mouth. Other animals such as dogs, cats, and rodents also have incisors that they use for different purposes like tearing or gnawing.

Exostoses are benign (noncancerous) bone growths that develop on the surface of a bone, usually in response to repeated stress or friction. They are often small and smooth, but can become larger and more irregular over time. In some cases, they may cause pain or discomfort, especially if they continue to grow and put pressure on nearby nerves, muscles, or other bones.

Exostoses can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs, as well as in the small bones of the feet. They may also develop in response to chronic irritation or injury, such as from jogging or playing sports that involve a lot of running or jumping.

In some cases, exostoses may be surgically removed if they cause persistent pain or other symptoms. However, in many cases, they do not require treatment and can be left alone. If you are concerned about any bone growths or other unusual symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

The Cervical Atlas, also known as C1 or the atlas vertebra, is the uppermost and most superior of the seven cervical vertebrae in the human spine. It plays a crucial role in supporting and facilitating the movement of the head, as it articulates with both the occipital bone (forming the joint called the atlanto-occipital joint) and the axis (or C2) vertebra (forming the atlantoaxial joint). The unique structure of the cervical atlas lacks a body, instead having an anterior and posterior arch with two lateral masses that form the facet joints for articulation with the axis. This arrangement allows for a wide range of motion in the neck, including flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.

The patellofemoral joint is the articulation between the patella (kneecap) and the femur (thigh bone). It is a synovial joint, which means it is surrounded by a joint capsule containing synovial fluid to lubricate the joint. This joint is responsible for providing stability to the knee extensor mechanism and allows for smooth movement of the patella during activities like walking, running, and jumping. Pain or dysfunction in this joint can result in various conditions such as patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patella, or patellar dislocation.

Tendon injuries, also known as tendinopathies, refer to the damage or injury of tendons, which are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendon injuries typically occur due to overuse or repetitive motion, causing micro-tears in the tendon fibers. The most common types of tendon injuries include tendinitis, which is inflammation of the tendon, and tendinosis, which is degeneration of the tendon's collagen.

Tendon injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected area. The severity of the injury can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain that makes it difficult to move the affected joint. Treatment for tendon injuries may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) therapy, physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery. Preventing tendon injuries involves warming up properly before exercise, using proper form and technique during physical activity, gradually increasing the intensity and duration of workouts, and taking regular breaks to rest and recover.

The tarsal joints are a series of articulations in the foot that involve the bones of the hindfoot and midfoot. There are three main tarsal joints:

1. Talocrural joint (also known as the ankle joint): This is the joint between the talus bone of the lower leg and the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg, as well as the calcaneus bone of the foot. It allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements of the foot.
2. Subtalar joint: This is the joint between the talus bone and the calcaneus bone. It allows for inversion and eversion movements of the foot.
3. Tarsometatarsal joints (also known as the Lisfranc joint): These are the joints between the tarsal bones of the midfoot and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They allow for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the foot.

These joints play an important role in the stability and mobility of the foot, allowing for various movements during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

In the field of dentistry, braces are devices used to align and straighten teeth and improve jaw position. They are typically made of metal or ceramic brackets that are bonded to the teeth, along with wires and rubber bands that apply pressure and move the teeth into proper alignment over time. The length of treatment with braces can vary but typically lasts from 1-3 years. Regular adjustments are necessary to ensure effective movement of the teeth.

The purpose of wearing braces is to correct malocclusions, such as overbites, underbites, crossbites, and open bites, as well as crowded or crooked teeth. This can lead to improved dental health, better oral function, and a more aesthetically pleasing smile. It's important to maintain good oral hygiene while wearing braces to prevent issues like tooth decay and gum disease. After the braces are removed, retainers may be used to maintain the new alignment of the teeth.

Wrist injuries refer to damages or traumas affecting the structures of the wrist, including bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as falls, accidents, sports-related impacts, or repetitive stress. Common types of wrist injuries include fractures (such as scaphoid fracture), sprains (like ligament tears), strains (involving muscles or tendons), dislocations, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, limited mobility, and in severe cases, deformity or numbness. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.

Surgical decompression is a medical procedure that involves relieving pressure on a nerve or tissue by creating additional space. This is typically accomplished through the removal of a portion of bone or other tissue that is causing the compression. The goal of surgical decompression is to alleviate symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness caused by the compression.

In the context of spinal disorders, surgical decompression is often used to treat conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or bone spurs that are compressing nerves in the spine. The specific procedure used may vary depending on the location and severity of the compression, but common techniques include laminectomy, discectomy, and foraminotomy.

It's important to note that surgical decompression is a significant medical intervention that carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding tissues. As with any surgery, it should be considered as a last resort after other conservative treatments have been tried and found to be ineffective. A thorough evaluation by a qualified medical professional is necessary to determine whether surgical decompression is appropriate in a given case.

Fascia lata is a medical term that refers to the thick, fibrous sheath of connective tissue that envelops and surrounds the thigh muscles (specifically, the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings). It is a type of fascia, which is the soft tissue component of the deep (internal) fascial system.

The fascia lata is continuous with the fascia of the hip and knee joints and plays an important role in providing stability, support, and protection to the muscles and other structures within the thigh. It also helps to facilitate the gliding and movement of muscles and tendons during physical activity.

Injuries or inflammation of the fascia lata can cause pain and discomfort, and may limit mobility and range of motion in the thigh and lower extremity. Conditions such as fascia lata strain, tears, or myofascial pain syndrome may require medical treatment, including physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery.

Foot injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the various structures of the foot, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. These injuries can result from various causes such as accidents, sports activities, falls, or repetitive stress. Common types of foot injuries include fractures, sprains, strains, contusions, dislocations, and overuse injuries like plantar fasciitis or Achilles tendonitis. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury but often include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty walking, and reduced range of motion. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal healing and prevent long-term complications.

I apologize for any confusion, but "baseball" is not a medical term. It is a sport that involves two teams of nine players each trying to score runs by hitting a ball with a bat and running around four bases on a field. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure in the human body that is part of the axial skeleton. It is composed of 33 individual vertebrae (except in some people where there are fewer due to fusion of certain vertebrae), intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves.

The spine has several important functions:

1. Protection: The spine protects the spinal cord, which is a major component of the nervous system, by enclosing it within a bony canal.
2. Support: The spine supports the head and upper body, allowing us to maintain an upright posture and facilitating movement of the trunk and head.
3. Movement: The spine enables various movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending sideways), and rotation (twisting).
4. Weight-bearing: The spine helps distribute weight and pressure evenly across the body, reducing stress on individual vertebrae and other structures.
5. Blood vessel and nerve protection: The spine protects vital blood vessels and nerves that pass through it, including the aorta, vena cava, and spinal nerves.

The spine is divided into five regions: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, also known as the tailbone). Each region has unique characteristics that allow for specific functions and adaptations to the body's needs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Finite Element Analysis" (FEA) is not a medical term. It is a computational technique used in engineering and physical sciences. FEA is a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. It's a way that engineers can simulate the performance of a product or system before it is built, which can help reduce costs, improve quality, and shorten the development time.

However, in a medical context, FEA might be used in the field of biomechanical engineering to analyze the mechanical behavior of biological systems, such as bones, joints, or soft tissues, under various loads and conditions. This can help researchers and clinicians better understand the mechanisms of injury, disease, or the effects of treatment, and develop more effective prevention, diagnostic, or therapeutic strategies.

Stria vascularis is a highly vascularized (rich in blood vessels) structure located in the cochlea of the inner ear. It plays a crucial role in the process of hearing by maintaining the endocochlear potential, which is essential for the conversion of sound waves into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The stria vascularis is composed of three layers: the marginal cells, intermediate cells, and basal cells, which work together to maintain the ionic balance and generate the endocochlear potential. Damage to the stria vascularis can result in hearing loss.

In the context of human anatomy, the thigh is the part of the lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee. It is the upper and largest portion of the leg and is primarily composed of the femur bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, as well as several muscles including the quadriceps femoris (front thigh), hamstrings (back thigh), and adductors (inner thigh). The major blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower limb also pass through the thigh.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyethylene Terephthalates" is not a medical term. It is a type of polymer used in the manufacturing of various products, such as plastic bottles and textile fibers. Medically, you might encounter the abbreviation "PET" or "PET scan," which stands for "Positron Emission Tomography." A PET scan is a type of medical imaging that provides detailed pictures of the body's interior. If you have any medical terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Arthroplasty, replacement, knee is a surgical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surface of the knee is removed and replaced with an artificial joint or prosthesis. The procedure involves resurfacing the worn-out ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) with metal components, and the back of the kneecap with a plastic button. This surgery is usually performed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries that have damaged the joint beyond repair. The goal of knee replacement surgery is to improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life for the patient.

Arthralgia is a medical term that refers to pain in the joints. It does not involve inflammation, which would be referred to as arthritis. The pain can range from mild to severe and may occur in one or multiple joints. Arthralgia can have various causes, including injuries, infections, degenerative conditions, or systemic diseases. In some cases, the underlying cause of arthralgia remains unknown. Treatment typically focuses on managing the pain and addressing the underlying condition if it can be identified.

A knee prosthesis, also known as a knee replacement or artificial knee joint, is a medical device used to replace the damaged or diseased weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint. It typically consists of three components: the femoral component (made of metal) that fits over the end of the thighbone (femur), the tibial component (often made of metal and plastic) that fits into the top of the shinbone (tibia), and a patellar component (usually made of plastic) that replaces the damaged surface of the kneecap.

The primary goal of knee prosthesis is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve quality of life for individuals with advanced knee joint damage due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries. The procedure to implant a knee prosthesis is called knee replacement surgery or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded within a tendon or joint capsule and are found in various places in the body. The most well-known sesamoid bones are located at the base of the big toe, where they are embedded in the tendons that flex the toe. These sesamoids help to provide stability and improve the efficiency of movement by acting as a pulley for the tendons. Other less common locations for sesamoid bones include the knee, wrist, and hand. Injuries or conditions affecting sesamoid bones can cause pain and difficulty with movement in the affected joint.

Diffuse Idiopathic Hyperostosis (DIH), also known as Forestier's Disease, is a non-inflammatory skeletal disorder characterized by the abnormal thickening and hardening (hyperostosis) of the bony portions of the spine and/or other parts of the skeleton. In DIH, there is an excessive formation of new bone along the edges of these bones, particularly at the sites where ligaments attach to the bones.

The term "idiopathic" indicates that the cause of this condition is currently unknown, while "diffuse" refers to its widespread involvement of multiple skeletal areas. The exact pathogenesis of DIH remains unclear; however, it has been suggested that there might be a connection with abnormal bone metabolism and/or localized inflammation.

DIH primarily affects middle-aged and older adults, with men being more commonly affected than women. Common symptoms include stiffness, pain, and limited mobility in the spine and joints. In some cases, DIH may also lead to complications such as spinal stenosis or nerve compression due to the excessive bone growth.

It is important to note that while hyperostosis can be a feature of various medical conditions, the term "Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis" specifically refers to this distinct clinical entity characterized by the widespread involvement of the skeleton and the absence of inflammation or other underlying causes.

In medical terms, dissection refers to the separation of the layers of a biological tissue or structure by cutting or splitting. It is often used to describe the process of surgically cutting through tissues, such as during an operation to separate organs or examine their internal structures.

However, "dissection" can also refer to a pathological condition in which there is a separation of the layers of a blood vessel wall by blood, creating a false lumen or aneurysm. This type of dissection is most commonly seen in the aorta and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

In summary, "dissection" has both surgical and pathological meanings related to the separation of tissue layers, and it's essential to consider the context in which the term is used.

Anatomic models are three-dimensional representations of body structures used for educational, training, or demonstration purposes. They can be made from various materials such as plastic, wax, or rubber and may depict the entire body or specific regions, organs, or systems. These models can be used to provide a visual aid for understanding anatomy, physiology, and pathology, and can be particularly useful in situations where actual human specimens are not available or practical to use. They may also be used for surgical planning and rehearsal, as well as in medical research and product development.

Surgical casts are medical devices used to immobilize and protect injured body parts, typically fractured or broken bones, during the healing process. They are usually made of plaster or fiberglass materials that harden when wet and conform to the shape of the affected area once applied. The purpose of a surgical cast is to restrict movement and provide stability to the injured site, allowing for proper alignment and healing of the bones.

The casting process involves first aligning the broken bone fragments into their correct positions, often through manual manipulation or surgical intervention. Once aligned, the cast material is applied in layers, with each layer being allowed to dry before adding the next. This creates a rigid structure that encases and supports the injured area. The cast must be kept dry during the healing process to prevent it from becoming weakened or damaged.

Surgical casts come in various shapes and sizes depending on the location and severity of the injury. They may also include additional components such as padding, Velcro straps, or window openings to allow for regular monitoring of the skin and underlying tissue. In some cases, removable splints or functional braces may be used instead of traditional casts, providing similar support while allowing for limited movement and easier adjustments.

It is essential to follow proper care instructions when wearing a surgical cast, including elevating the injured limb, avoiding excessive weight-bearing, and monitoring for signs of complications such as swelling, numbness, or infection. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to ensure proper healing and adjust the cast if needed.

Elastin is a protein that provides elasticity to tissues and organs, allowing them to resume their shape after stretching or contracting. It is a major component of the extracellular matrix in many tissues, including the skin, lungs, blood vessels, and ligaments. Elastin fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their original length and then return to their original shape due to the unique properties of this protein. The elastin molecule is made up of cross-linked chains of the protein tropoelastin, which are produced by cells called fibroblasts and then assembled into larger elastin fibers by enzymes called lysyl oxidases. Elastin has a very long half-life, with some estimates suggesting that it can remain in the body for up to 70 years or more.

Collagen Type III, also known as Collagen III Alpha 1 (COL3A1), is a type of collagen that is found in various connective tissues throughout the body. It is a fibrillar collagen that is produced by fibroblasts and is a major component of reticular fibers, which provide structural support to organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Collagen Type III is also found in the walls of blood vessels, the skin, and the intestinal tract.

Mutations in the COL3A1 gene can lead to a rare genetic disorder called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, which is characterized by fragile and elastic skin, easy bruising, and spontaneous rupture of blood vessels. Collagen Type III has been studied for its potential role in various other medical conditions, including fibrosis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

In the context of medicine and healthcare, "movement" refers to the act or process of changing physical location or position. It involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles, which allows for the joints to move and the body to be in motion. Movement can also refer to the ability of a patient to move a specific body part or limb, which is assessed during physical examinations. Additionally, "movement" can describe the progression or spread of a disease within the body.

Tooth mobility, also known as loose teeth, refers to the degree of movement or displacement of a tooth in its socket when lateral forces are applied. It is often described in terms of grades:

* Grade 1: Tooth can be moved slightly (up to 1 mm) with finger pressure.
* Grade 2: Tooth can be moved up to 2 mm with finger pressure.
* Grade 3: Tooth can be moved more than 2 mm or can be removed from its socket with manual pressure.

Increased tooth mobility can be a sign of periodontal disease, trauma, or other dental conditions and should be evaluated by a dentist. Treatment may include deep cleaning, splinting, or surgery to restore stability to the affected teeth.

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone in the lower portion of the human vertebral column, located between the lumbar spine and the coccyx (tailbone). It forms through the fusion of several vertebrae during fetal development. The sacrum's base articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra, while its apex connects with the coccyx.

The sacrum plays an essential role in supporting the spine and transmitting weight from the upper body to the pelvis and lower limbs. It also serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments. The sacral region is often a focus in medical and chiropractic treatments due to its importance in spinal stability, posture, and overall health.

Root resorption is a process that occurs when the body's own cells, called odontoclasts, break down and destroy the hard tissue of the tooth root. This can occur as a result of various factors such as trauma, infection, or orthodontic treatment. In some cases, it may be a normal part of the tooth development and eruption process in children. However, excessive or pathological root resorption can lead to weakening and loss of the tooth. It is often asymptomatic and discovered during routine dental x-rays.

An "athlete" is defined in the medical field as an individual who actively participates in sports, physical training, or other forms of exercise that require a significant amount of physical exertion and stamina. Athletes are often divided into different categories based on the specific type of sport or activity they engage in, such as:

1. Professional athletes: These are individuals who compete in organized sports at the highest level and earn a living from their athletic pursuits. Examples include professional football players, basketball players, golfers, tennis players, and soccer players.
2. Collegiate athletes: These are students who participate in intercollegiate sports at the university or college level. They may receive scholarships or other forms of financial aid to support their athletic and academic pursuits.
3. Amateur athletes: These are individuals who engage in sports or physical activity for recreation, fitness, or personal enjoyment rather than as a profession. Examples include weekend warriors, joggers, swimmers, and hikers.
4. Elite athletes: These are individuals who have achieved a high level of skill and performance in their chosen sport or activity. They may compete at the national or international level and represent their country in competitions.
5. Para-athletes: These are athletes with disabilities who compete in sports specifically adapted for their abilities. Examples include wheelchair basketball, blind soccer, and deaf swimming.

Regardless of the category, athletes are prone to various medical conditions related to their physical exertion, including musculoskeletal injuries, cardiovascular issues, respiratory problems, and nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, it is essential for athletes to receive regular medical check-ups, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and follow proper training and nutrition guidelines to prevent injuries and optimize their performance.

Elastic tissue is a type of connective tissue found in the body that is capable of returning to its original shape after being stretched or deformed. It is composed mainly of elastin fibers, which are protein molecules with a unique structure that allows them to stretch and recoil. Elastic tissue is found in many areas of the body, including the lungs, blood vessels, and skin, where it provides flexibility and resilience.

The elastin fibers in elastic tissue are intertwined with other types of connective tissue fibers, such as collagen, which provide strength and support. The combination of these fibers allows elastic tissue to stretch and recoil efficiently, enabling organs and tissues to function properly. For example, the elasticity of lung tissue allows the lungs to expand and contract during breathing, while the elasticity of blood vessels helps maintain blood flow and pressure.

Elastic tissue can become less flexible and resilient with age or due to certain medical conditions, such as emphysema or Marfan syndrome. This can lead to a variety of health problems, including respiratory difficulties, cardiovascular disease, and skin sagging.

A tooth is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (upper and lower) of many vertebrates and used for biting and chewing food. In humans, a typical tooth has a crown, one or more roots, and three layers: the enamel (the outermost layer, hardest substance in the body), the dentin (the layer beneath the enamel), and the pulp (the innermost layer, containing nerves and blood vessels). Teeth are essential for proper nutrition, speech, and aesthetics. There are different types of teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each designed for specific functions in the mouth.

Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of the body. A continuous X-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined, and the resulting fluoroscopic images are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the medical professional to view the structure and movement of the internal organs and bones in real time.

Fluoroscopy is often used to guide minimally invasive procedures such as catheterization, stent placement, or joint injections. It can also be used to diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal injuries, and cardiovascular diseases.

It is important to note that fluoroscopy involves exposure to ionizing radiation, and the risks associated with this exposure should be carefully weighed against the benefits of the procedure. Medical professionals are trained to use the lowest possible dose of radiation necessary to obtain the desired diagnostic information.

The femoral nerve is a major nerve in the thigh region of the human body. It originates from the lumbar plexus, specifically from the ventral rami (anterior divisions) of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves (L2-L4). The femoral nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to various muscles and areas in the lower limb.

Motor Innervation:
The femoral nerve is responsible for providing motor innervation to several muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh, including:

1. Iliacus muscle
2. Psoas major muscle
3. Quadriceps femoris muscle (consisting of four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius)

These muscles are involved in hip flexion, knee extension, and stabilization of the hip joint.

Sensory Innervation:
The sensory distribution of the femoral nerve includes:

1. Anterior and medial aspects of the thigh
2. Skin over the anterior aspect of the knee and lower leg (via the saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve)

The saphenous nerve provides sensation to the skin on the inner side of the leg and foot, as well as the medial malleolus (the bony bump on the inside of the ankle).

In summary, the femoral nerve is a crucial component of the lumbar plexus that controls motor functions in the anterior thigh muscles and provides sensory innervation to the anterior and medial aspects of the thigh and lower leg.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

... are inconstant ligaments that extend through an intervertebral foramen. They are thought to protect ... The most common type is the superior corporotransverse ligament. The ligaments have variously been reported to be identifiable ... There are five types of transforaminal ligaments: The superior corporotransverse ligament attaches at the posterolateral aspect ... The ligaments are not widely known and were once considered anomalous; there are no widely accepted criteria for their ...
The most important ligament involved in shoulder joint stability is the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament. During abduction of the ... Coracohumeral ligament Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament This article incorporates text in the public domain from ... In human anatomy, the glenohumeral ligaments (GHL) are three ligaments on the anterior side of the glenohumeral joint (i.e. ... The ligaments may be best seen by opening the capsule at the back of the joint and removing the head of the humerus: One on the ...
... may refer to: Dorsal metatarsal ligaments Interosseous metatarsal ligaments Plantar metatarsal ligaments ... Transverse metatarsal ligament This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Metatarsal ligaments. If an ...
... may refer to: Dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments Plantar cuneonavicular ligaments This disambiguation ... page lists articles associated with the title Cuneonavicular ligaments. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ...
Cooper's Suspensory Ligament should not be confused with the pectineal ligament (sometimes called the inguinal ligament of ... Cooper's ligaments (also known as the suspensory ligaments of Cooper and the fibrocollagenous septa) are connective tissue in ... the intermediate fibers and/or the transverse part of the ulnar collateral ligament are sometimes called Cooper's ligament(s). ... The intact ligament suspends the breast from the clavicle and the underlying deep fascia of the upper chest. This has the ...
... may refer to: Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, the strongest and most distinct carpometacarpal ... ligaments, connect the carpal and metacarpal bones on their dorsal side Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments, a series of bands on ... the palmar surface of the carpometacarpal joints that connect the carpal bones Posterior carpometacarpal ligament, consists of ... of the carpometacarpal joints This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Carpometacarpal ligaments. If ...
... may refer to: Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments Plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments This disambiguation ... page lists articles associated with the title Tarsometatarsal ligaments. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ...
... (also known as dentate ligaments) are lateral projections of the spinal pia mater forming triangular- ... Each denticulate ligament is composed of a single narrow fibrous strip that extends from the craniovertebral junction to T12. ... Each ligament features 18-20 triangular extensions that attach to the dura at their apices[citation needed] in between ... The denticulate ligaments are traditionally believed to provide stability for the spinal cord against motion within the ...
The costoxiphoid ligaments (chondroxiphoid ligaments) are inconstant strand-like fibrous bands that connect the anterior and ... Ligaments of the torso, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ...
Falciform ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Hepatophrenic ligament Hepatorenal ligament Round ligament of ... Hepatic ligaments may refer to: Coronary ligament of the liver ... page lists articles associated with the title Hepatic ligaments ...
... may refer to: Deep transverse metacarpal ligament Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Metacarpal ligaments. If an internal link led you here, you may ...
... sternopericardial ligaments); the upper passing to the manubrium, and the lower to the xiphoid process. This article ... pericardium is attached to the posterior surface of the sternum by the superior and inferior sternopericardiac ligaments ( ...
... may refer to: Dorsal intercuneiform ligaments Interosseous intercuneiform ligaments Plantar ... intercuneiform ligaments This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Intercuneiform ligaments. If an ...
These are the ligaments that define the structure of the ligamentous palmar arch. Palmar carpal ligament Pisohamate ligament ... The palmar intercarpal ligaments are fibrous bands that extend transversely across the palmar surfaces of the carpal bones, ... Pisometacarpal ligament Hand kinesiology at the University of Kansas Medical Center v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, ... Upper limb anatomy, Ligaments, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ...
v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Ligaments of the torso, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The radiate sternocostal ligaments are fibrous bands that cross from the sternal end of the costal cartilage to the ventral ...
v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Foot, Ligaments, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The Interosseous cuneometatarsal ligaments are fibrous bands that connect the adjacent surfaces of the cuneiform and the ...
They are the anterior, lateral and superior ligaments. The anterior ligament of the malleus also known as Casserio's ligament ... The ligaments of malleus are three ligaments that attach the malleus in the middle ear. ... v t e (Ear, Human head and neck, Ligaments, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The superior ligament of the malleus is a delicate fibrous strand that crosses from the roof of the tympanic cavity to the head ...
The dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, the strongest and most distinct carpometacarpal ligaments, connect the carpal and ... Ligaments of the upper limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... and this is continuous with a similar ligament on the volar ...
Ligaments of the lower limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... disposed with less regularity than the dorsal ligaments. Those ... The plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments consist of longitudinal and oblique bands, ...
v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Hand, Ligaments, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The Interosseous intercarpal ligaments are short fibrous bands that connect the adjacent surfaces of the various carpal bones. ...
The dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments are ligaments located in the foot. They are strong, flat bands that stretch from the ... Ligaments of the lower limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ...
v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Ligaments of the lower limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The Interosseous intercuneiform ligaments are short fibrous bands that connect the adjacent surfaces of the medial and ... It is one of the 3 ligaments responsible for maintaining the transverse arch of the foot together with the interosseous ... ligaments of metatarsals and the transverse metatarsal ligament. ...
v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Ligaments of the lower limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments consist of fibrous bands that join the dorsal surface of the navicular bone to the dorsal ...
v t e (Articles with TA98 identifiers, Ligaments of the lower limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The plantar cuneonavicular ligaments are fibrous bands that connect the plantar surface of the navicular bone to the adjacent ...
The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments have a somewhat similar arrangement to the dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, with the ... Ligaments of the upper limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments (or volar) are a series of ...
ISBN 0-8036-1191-9. v t e (Fingers, Ligaments, Upper limb anatomy, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... In human anatomy, the annular ligaments of the fingers, often referred to as A pulleys, are the annular part of the fibrous ... The annular and cruciate ligaments serve to govern the flexor mechanism of the hand and wrist, providing critical constraints ... lies in the flexor groove in the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. As a general rule, the A1, A3, and A5 pulleys in the ...
v t e (Ligaments, Lower limb anatomy, Toes, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The annular ligaments of the toes are the annular part of the fibrous sheathes of the toes. These strong transverse bands of ...
It is also known as articular ligament, articular larua, fibrous ligament, or true ligament. Other ligaments in the body ... Cruciate ligaments are paired ligaments in the form of a cross. Ligaments are viscoelastic. They gradually strain when under ... Extra-capsular ligaments join in harmony with the other ligaments and provide joint stability. Intra-capsular ligaments, which ... One of the most often torn ligaments in the body is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL is one of the ligaments ...
Ligaments of the lower limb, All stub articles, Ligament stubs). ... The place of dorsal ligaments is supplied by the extensor ... The collateral ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints are strong, rounded cords, placed one on either side of each joint, and ...
Collateral ligament of interphalangeal joints of hand Collateral ligaments of interphalangeal joints of foot (Short description ... Collateral ligaments of interphalangeal joints are associated with the interphalangeal joints of both the hands and feet: ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Collateral ligaments of interphalangeal joints. If an ...
Transforaminal ligaments are inconstant ligaments that extend through an intervertebral foramen. They are thought to protect ... The most common type is the superior corporotransverse ligament. The ligaments have variously been reported to be identifiable ... There are five types of transforaminal ligaments: The superior corporotransverse ligament attaches at the posterolateral aspect ... The ligaments are not widely known and were once considered anomalous; there are no widely accepted criteria for their ...
Ligament: A small band of dense, white, fibrous elastic tissue. Ligaments connect the ends of bones together to form a joint. ... Orthopedics: Bones, Joints, Ligaments and Tendons. Author: Disabled World - Contact Details. Updated/Revised Date: 2022/04/10. ... The bones at a joint are held together by strong bands of tissue called ligaments, which allow the bones to move. Joint Types. ... It is made up of the bodys bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue. ...
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The meaning of ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT is a ligament that extends from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric ... Post the Definition of iliofemoral ligament to Facebook Facebook Share the Definition of iliofemoral ligament on Twitter ... a ligament that extends from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line of the femur and divides below ... "Iliofemoral ligament." Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ ...
... ligaments Test your knowledge on this science quiz and compare your score to others. Quiz by KeeperHes ... Clavicle features, muscles, ligaments. Can you name the clavicle features, muscles, ligaments. ...
The collateral ligaments of the knee are located on either side of your knee outside your knee joint. They help connect the ... The collateral ligaments of the knee are located on either side of your knee outside your knee joint. They help connect the ... A ligament is a band of tissue that connects a bone to another bone. ... A ligament is a band of tissue that connects a bone to another bone. ...
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the ligaments in the knee joint. A ligament is a tough, flexible band of tissue ... How Is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Diagnosed?. To diagnose a torn ACL, health care providers ask about the injury and do ... The anterior cruciate (pronounced: KROO-she-ate) ligament can tear if an injury stretches it too much. The tear might be ...
The physician Poupart famously noted that this particular ligament was essential to the structure of the abdomen, especially ... The inguinal ligament is often incorrectly referred to as a Fallopian ligament or Pouparts ligament. ... The inguinal ligament is often incorrectly referred to as a Fallopian ligament or Pouparts ligament. The physician Poupart ... Inguinal ligament. Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network - By The Healthline Editorial Team on January 23, 2018 ...
... is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Injuries occur predominantly in a young and sports-active population ... The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Injuries occur predominantly in ... An intercruciate ligament joins the ACL to the PCL. This intercruciate ligament may have some role in proprioception and ... encoded search term (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Pathology) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Pathology What to Read Next on ...
Sciore P, Frank CB, Hart DA: Identification of sex hormone receptors in human and rabbit ligaments of the knee by reverse ... Hama H, Yamamuro T, Takeda T: Experimental studies on connective tissue of the capsular ligament. Influences of aging and sex ... Lloyd DG: Rationale for training programs to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injuries in Australian football. J Orthop Sports ... Griffin LY, Agel J, Albohm MJ, et al.: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies. ...
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the ligaments in the knee joint. A ligament is a tough, flexible band of tissue ... How Is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Diagnosed?. To diagnose a torn ACL, health care providers ask about the injury and do ... The anterior cruciate (pronounced: KROO-she-ate) ligament can tear if an injury stretches it too much. The tear might be ...
These ligaments provide support to the ankles and prevent them from everting or the turning inwards. ... The deltoid ligament sprain occurs when deltoid ligament ruptures or tears. ... The deltoid ligament sprain is, therefore, also known as an Eversion Sprain. Deltoid ligament sprains are quite rare though as ... A deltoid ligament tear happens when the inner ligament is stretched too far, causing a sprain and the foot to be twisted ...
Home / Products tagged "spinal ligament". spinal ligament. Showing the single result. * Computerized Radiographic Mensuration ...
... Knee. 2004 Feb;11(1):29-36. doi: 10.1016/S0968 ... The study highlights the well-recognised technical failures of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and confirms ...
Real Madrid midfielder Eduardo Camavinga suffered knee ligament damage while training with the French national team, the club ... Real Madrids Camavinga suffers knee ligament damage /node/2410626/football Real Madrids Camavinga suffers knee ligament ... Real did not immediately say how long he would be sidelined for, but serious knee ligament injuries tend to require months to ... Kepa joined Madrid at the start of the season after regular starter Thibaut Courtois tore a knee ligament.. "Lunin played well ...
3D printed external ankle ligament which protects the wearer from sprains. ... Exo-L is a made-to-order, 3D printed external ankle ligament which protects the wearer from sprains.. ... Now, from the Netherlands, Exo-L is a personalized, 3D scanned and printed, external ankle ligament. It is designed to ...
The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is 1 of the 4 main ligaments that attach the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). ... A ligament is a band of tissue that attaches one bone to another. ... Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament Torn Posterior Cruciate ... This test allows the healthcare provider to see injuries to the ligaments and muscles. ...
... OPLL Causes. OPLL is a calcification of the soft tissues that connect ...
... is one of the ligaments in the ACL helps keep the knee stable, so an ACL tear can really sideline your child or teen from their ... The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the ligaments in the knee joint. ACL helps keep the knee stable, so an ACL tear ... How Is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Diagnosed?. To diagnose a torn ACL, health care providers ask about the injury and do ... The anterior cruciate (KROO-she-ate) ligament can tear if an injury stretches it too much. The tear might be partial (through a ...
EFT approaches for Loose Ligaments that can apply to countless other issues Important Note: This article was written prior to ... Id like my knees to track and the ligaments in my whole body to become stronger, so I can move forward in my life more easily ... We tapped on strengthening the ligaments.. Her pain had greatly decreased as she stood up to leave the office and we had also ... Even though Ive had some improvement in strengthening my ligaments I am holding on to some emotions that are keeping me from ...
Burrow tore a ligament in his throwing wrist in Week 11 against the Ravens. ... Joe Burrow expected to miss rest of season with torn ligament in wrist. ...
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very commonly involved ligament in these injuries.8 ... Ligament tears in the knee are one of the worst sports injuries to obtain when as an athlete because they can never go back to ... Unfortunately that s not the case, and never is with a torn ligament. He was escorted off the court and sent to the hospital ... The stability is gained back to how it was before the injury by adding a ligament from another place in the body or from ...
The specially designed joint has geometry copied from human bones scans and uses springs for ligaments. A knee cap (patella) ... joint surfaces allows the human knee mechanism to compensate when critical structures such as the anterior cruciate ligaments ( ...
Rishabh Pant has successfully undergone a knee ligament surgery on Friday. He will be under observation. Further course of ...
Read on to find out more about the causes of cruciate ligament tears and how they can be treated. ... A cruciate ligament tear is an extremely common sports injury. ... How can I prevent a cruciate ligament tear?. The best way to ... also known as a cruciate ligament rupture - is a complete tear of one or both cruciate ligaments. If a ligament is not ... Muscles and ligaments play an important role in helping your joints do their job. In your knees, your cruciate ligaments play ...
Stretched or torn ligaments will be shorted and stitched or reattached as needed. Sometimes a repaired ligament is reinforced ... If you have torn or over stretched the ligaments in your ankle you may be a candidate for ankle ligament repair. ... What happens during ankle ligament repair?. Ankle ligament repair is usually performed under general anaesthetic. Your surgeon ... After ankle ligament repair. You may be able to go home the same day or stay one night in hospital. Be sure and let a member of ...
Hernández has torn a ligament in his right knee and is scheduled to get surgery soon. There is no timetable for his return. ... LA Galaxy star "Chicharito" Hernández tears ligament in right knee. June 9, 2023 / 10:27 AM. / AP ... LA Galaxy forward Javier "Chicharito" Hernández has torn a ligament in his right knee. ...
A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most serious of these injuries because it may cause long term ... Knee ligament injuries are common in sport. A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most serious of these ... Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the long-term incidence of gonarthrosis Sports Med. 1999 Mar;27(3):143-56. doi: ... Thus, an ACL rupture combined with meniscus rupture or other knee ligament injuries results in gonarthrosis in most patients. ...
Tarsus Ligaments. Ligaments of the tarsus- postero-internal view. Labels: a, internal lateral ligament; b, calcaneo-cuboid… ... Tarsus Ligaments. Ligaments of the tarsus- antero external view. Labels: a, external lateral, and b, oblique ligament. ...
Knee Ligaments Instability Repair / Reconstruction Patellofemoral MC Ligament PCL Tears Physical Examination ACL ... Knee Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Ligaments Tears Repair / Reconstruction ACL Outcome Studies Arthroscopy MC Ligament PCL ... Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Instability Sport Specific Injuries Osteotomy Knee Bones Ligaments MC Ligament ACL PCL ... Clinical Outcome Of Bicruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Multiple Knee Ligament Injuries: Comparison With Bicruciate And ...
  • The broad tibial footprint lies at a point one third to one half the distance between the medial and lateral tibial spines, 5-7 mm anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). (medscape.com)
  • The posterior cruciate ligament only ruptures in about ten per cent of all cases. (ottobock.com)
  • Three torn knee ligaments (posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament), meniscus damage, a small fracture and "another little bone chip thing. (tampabay.com)
  • The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is located inside the knee, just behind the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). (orthoinfo.org)
  • The posterior cruciate ligament keeps the tibia from moving backward with relation to the thigh bone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • An injury to the posterior cruciate ligament requires a powerful force. (orthoinfo.org)
  • They cross each other to form an X (or cross), with the anterior cruciate ligament in front and the posterior cruciate ligament in back. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The posterior cruciate ligament, located in the back of the knee, is one of several ligaments that connect the femur to the tibia. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The posterior cruciate ligament keeps the shinbone from moving backward too far. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The posterior cruciate ligament has two parts, which blend into one structure about the size of a person's little finger. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament are not as common as other knee ligament injuries. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Often, a posterior cruciate ligament injury occurs along with injuries to other structures in the knee, such as cartilage, other ligaments, and bone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • A complete tear of the posterior cruciate ligament, back view. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Many posterior cruciate ligament tears are partial tears with the potential to heal on their own. (orthoinfo.org)
  • An injury to the posterior cruciate ligament can happen many ways. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Although they will not show any injury to your posterior cruciate ligament, X-rays can show whether the ligament tore off a piece of bone when it was injured. (orthoinfo.org)
  • MRI scans create better images of soft tissues, like the posterior cruciate ligament, than X-rays. (orthoinfo.org)
  • If you have injured only your posterior cruciate ligament, your injury may heal quite well without surgery. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Desmoid tumor in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of the knee has never been described in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • He was diagnosed desmoid tumor of posterior cruciate ligament of the knee by intraoperative biopsy, and underwent successful PCL resection and reconstruction by Four-strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autograft arthroscopically, and fortunately five years after operation, there were no clues as to recurrence of the tumor examined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). (medscape.com)
  • The stress was shown to be at a lower level at femoral side and posterior cruciate ligament of intra- knee in two reconstruction finite- element models than that in normal finite- element models, while presented higher level at the tibial side than normal knee (p = 0.3528). (bvsalud.org)
  • The medial collateral ligament (MCL) runs along the inner side of your knee. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Deltoid ligament sprains are quite rare though as the fibula bone prevents the ankle from moving too far and the medial ligaments (deltoid ligaments) are much stronger than the lateral ones. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • As long as the medial and lateral ligaments are intact, your knee joint will still have a measure of lateral stability. (ottobock.com)
  • The medial collateral ligament is on the inside, and the lateral collateral ligament is on the outside. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The medial elbow collateral ligament resists valgus force and supports the ulnohumeral joint. (medscape.com)
  • Jobe et al first described double-strand reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) with use of a free tendon graft that was secured to the medial epicondyle and the proximal aspect of the ulna in a figure-eight fashion. (medscape.com)
  • During the throwing motion, high loads of valgus stress on the elbow joint results in tension on the medial structures (ie, medial epicondyle, medial epicondylar apophysis, and medial collateral ligament [MCL] complex) and compression of the lateral structures (ie, radial head and capitellum). (medscape.com)
  • This chronic injury may lead to development of ulnar traction spurs, deposition of calcium, and medial ligament instability. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior suspensory ligament extends from the superior-medial aspect of each thyroid lobe to the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • Revision anterior cruciate ligament injuries. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. (medscape.com)
  • What Is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament? (kidshealth.org)
  • The anterior cruciate (pronounced: KROO-she-ate) ligament can tear if an injury stretches it too much. (kidshealth.org)
  • How Is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Diagnosed? (kidshealth.org)
  • This paper examines the effectiveness of implementing neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs in female athletes and their ability to decrease the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. (springer.com)
  • The anterior cruciate ligament enigma. (springer.com)
  • The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is 1 of the 4 main ligaments that attach the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • In your knees, your cruciate ligaments play the lead role. (ottobock.com)
  • If a cruciate ligament tears, it can no longer provide support - which can lead to a whole string of very unpleasant symptoms. (ottobock.com)
  • We'll also take a closer look at the causes of cruciate ligament tears and how they can be treated. (ottobock.com)
  • What is a cruciate ligament? (ottobock.com)
  • They include the two collateral ligaments that stabilise the inner and outer sides of your knee joint and the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments located inside your knee. (ottobock.com)
  • Your cruciate ligaments are crossed like the letter X and run diagonally through the cavity of the knee joint. (ottobock.com)
  • What job do cruciate ligaments do? (ottobock.com)
  • Your cruciate ligaments serve as central stabilisers. (ottobock.com)
  • Your cruciate ligaments support and guide your knee during flexion, at which point they are tensed. (ottobock.com)
  • A cruciate ligament tear in the knee - also known as a cruciate ligament rupture - is a complete tear of one or both cruciate ligaments. (ottobock.com)
  • If a ligament is not completely torn, this is called a partial tear or rupture to a cruciate ligament. (ottobock.com)
  • The anterior cruciate ligament in the knee joint is affected in a majority of cases, because the ACL is typically subjected to a higher level of stress in many accident situations. (ottobock.com)
  • When the anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, it can no longer prevent the femur from slipping forwards over the tibia. (ottobock.com)
  • Statistically speaking, a cruciate ligament rupture occurs every five to six minutes in Germany. (ottobock.com)
  • How can you rupture a cruciate ligament? (ottobock.com)
  • A cruciate ligament will generally tear if it is strained beyond its maximum tearing strength. (ottobock.com)
  • The robot demonstrates the unique way in which the sliding of the joint surfaces allows the human knee mechanism to compensate when critical structures such as the anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) are removed. (embs.org)
  • A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most serious of these injuries because it may cause long term disability. (nih.gov)
  • The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons estimates about 2.5 million people suffer from a serious Achilles tendon injury each year, and some 200,000 experience ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) damage in the knee. (sutterhealth.org)
  • The primary goals in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture are restoration of function in the short term and the prevention of long-term pathologic changes in the knee. (medscape.com)
  • The cruciate ligaments control the front and back motion of your knee. (orthoinfo.org)
  • It is stronger than the anterior cruciate ligament and is injured far less often. (orthoinfo.org)
  • People who have injured only their posterior cruciate ligaments may be able to return to sports without experiencing knee stability problems. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The aim of this study was to study the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors after revision and reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. (hindawi.com)
  • All the patients who underwent the first revision of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the department of sports medicine from January 2001 to December 2015 were collected. (hindawi.com)
  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ALC) reconstruction of the knee is one of the most extensive operations in the field of orthopaedic sports medicine. (hindawi.com)
  • The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of a pair of intracapsular ligaments that hold the upper and lower leg bones together in the knee joint. (docpods.com)
  • An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a tear in a knee ligament that connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). (wellspan.org)
  • Amid these actions lies a silent hero: the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). (physioroom.com)
  • Claims have also increased for cruciate ligament conditions. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
  • Chelsea defender Baba Rahman could face a long spell on the sidelines after tearing the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee during Ghana's African Nations Cup opener against Uganda. (espn.co.uk)
  • Intra-Articular Biomechanical Changes of the Meniscus and Ligaments During Stance Phase of Gait Circle after Different Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgical Procedures: A Finite Element Analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The debate on the superiority of single- or double-bundle for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has not ceased. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study is to evaluate the biomechanical stress distribution intra- knee after single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by three-dimensional finite element analysis , and to observe the change of stress concentration under the condition of vertical gradient loads. (bvsalud.org)
  • The strength and distribution of induced stresses were analyzed in two frequently used procedures , anatomical single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction , using femoral- graft -tibial system under different loads, to mimic a post-operation mechanical motion . (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared with the single-bundle technique , the graft of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has better stress dissipation effect and can prevent postoperative meniscus tear more effectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Female athletes are at greater risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, compared to males participating in similar activities. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Increased knee abduction angle during activity is suggested to be a risk factor for sustaining an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or developing patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). (lu.se)
  • Knee abduction in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury. (lu.se)
  • The deltoid ligament sprain is when the deltoid ligament, which is on the inside of the ankle, ruptures or tears. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Ligament tears in the knee are one of the worst sports injuries to obtain when as an athlete because they can never go back to how the ligament was to begin with. (ipl.org)
  • Some reasons that you may go the natural route are the following: Partial tears in the ligament, young children with open growth plates, stability is not an issue and not involved in any activities that rely on your ACL daily (Cluett 26). (ipl.org)
  • Tendon and ligament injuries - sprains, strains, ruptures and tears - occur frequently. (sutterhealth.org)
  • ‌You have small tears in your ligaments, which typically heal themselves with simple measures in a few weeks. (livestrong.com)
  • ‌You have larger, partial tears in the ligaments that may require some medical care. (livestrong.com)
  • UCL injuries can manifest as acute ligament tears following a single valgus stress or as overuse sprains following repetitive valgus overloads. (medscape.com)
  • I asked him if he had ever taken the highly potent antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin, or if he had ever been on statins because both are associated with blown tendons and ligaments as outlined in these links below. (earthclinic.com)
  • Still, if you consider what the body is made of including the skeletal structure, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, then one supplement that might be worth a try would be collagen and, later, vitamin c, gelatin, and possibly MSM. (earthclinic.com)
  • In regards to the Vitamins For Tendons And Ligaments, how important is it to you? (spicercastle.com)
  • It may be hard to whittle down the market since it is so flooded with the best Vitamins For Tendons And Ligaments. (spicercastle.com)
  • Here are the top Vitamins For Tendons And Ligaments we picked, check their features. (spicercastle.com)
  • Background Desmoid tumor is a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues that form tendons and ligaments. (medscape.com)
  • A partial tear occurs when only part of the ligament is torn. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A complete tear occurs when the entire ligament is torn into two pieces. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A deltoid ligament tear happens when the inner ligament is stretched too far, causing a sprain and the foot to be twisted outwards. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • So who is most prone to this ligament tear? (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Sports people, especially those who run long distances on uneven or soft surfaces, are more likely to suffer from a ligament tear. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Severe ligament tear runs the risk of temporary immobilization of the joint. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • To repair a tear in the ligament, protein is one such nutrient that should be had in sufficient amounts. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • When an injury stretches the ACL ligament, it to tear. (cookchildrens.org)
  • While some believe that nonsurgical treatment is the best option, It is the best option to undergo surgery to repair the ligament to be as close as it was before the tear. (ipl.org)
  • Experimental studies on connective tissue of the capsular ligament. (springer.com)
  • Ligaments are tough fibrous cords composed of connective tissue that contains both collagen and elastic fibers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A ligament is a band of tissue that connects a bone to another bone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A ligament is a band of tissue that attaches one bone to another. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Four ligaments connect your thigh bone (femur) to your lower leg bone (tibia). (ottobock.com)
  • ‌ Your ligaments are completely torn or detached from the bone, and typically require complex medical care and treatment over the course of several months. (livestrong.com)
  • If the ligament's bone attachment has been severed, fixing the ligament along with the detached bone fragment to its original location. (docpods.com)
  • There is ankle ligament damage too, bone bruising, cuts. (skysports.com)
  • Ligaments also connect one bone to another (such as inside the knee). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Images where the styloid process of the temporal bone extended beyond the lower edge of the cartilage of the ear lobe by more than 1 cm (measured on the panoramic radiograph) and those where the stylohyoid ligament was radiopaque were counted. (bvsalud.org)
  • This could probably be why only 5 to 10% of ankle sprains are deltoid ligament sprains. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Exo-L is a made-to-order, 3D printed external ankle ligament which protects the wearer from sprains. (springwise.com)
  • If you have torn or over stretched the ligaments in your ankle you may be a candidate for ankle ligament repair. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • If you have torn or over stretched the ligaments in your ankle you may suffer from chronic ankle instability. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • If conservative methods such as physiotherapy and bracing to not resolve this problem you may be a candidate for ankle ligament repair. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • What happens during ankle ligament repair? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Ankle ligament repair is usually performed under general anaesthetic . (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Most patients make a good recovery from ankle ligament repair. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Ligament damage in your foot often happens when your ankle turns inward after a wonky landing while running or jumping, pulling the ligaments on the outside of your foot, according to the Cleveland Clinic . (livestrong.com)
  • This detailed foot skeleton model displays numerous important ligaments and tendons including the Achilles and peroneus longus tendons of the ankle. (wardsci.com)
  • Newcastle's Matt Ritchie has been ruled out for at least two months with ankle ligament damage after being forced off in Wednesday's Carabao Cup defeat to Leicester. (skysports.com)
  • The cricothyroid ligament is the larger part of the laryngeal membrane, continuing inferiorly as a median or anterior part and twin lateral ligaments. (wikidoc.org)
  • Excessive exercise can increase pressure on ligaments/tendons and bones, and can lead to damage, ruptures, and fractures," Crighton warns. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
  • Muscles and ligaments play an important role in helping your joints do their job. (ottobock.com)
  • 1 joints and their associated muscles and ligaments. (who.int)
  • Ligament: A small band of dense, white, fibrous elastic tissue. (disabled-world.com)
  • Ligaments are tough fibrous bands that hold the bones together in a joint. (docpods.com)
  • France midfielder Eduardo Camavinga has torn a ligament in his right knee while practicing with his national team, Real Madrid said about its player on Nov. 17, 2023. (arabnews.com)
  • The collateral ligaments of the knee are located on either side of your knee outside your knee joint. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) runs on the outer side of your knee. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A collateral ligament injury occurs when the ligaments are stretched or torn. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The collateral ligaments help keep your knee stable. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A collateral ligament injury can occur if you get hit very hard on the inside or outside of your knee, or when you have a twisting injury. (medlineplus.gov)
  • During knee extension, the collateral ligaments take over and are tensed. (ottobock.com)
  • Collateral ligaments. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Elbow collateral ligament insufficiency is commonly seen in sports participants involved in overarm-throwing sports such as cricket, baseball, and tennis. (medscape.com)
  • Trauma and postdislocation injuries are other common causes of collateral ligament injury, which can occur on either side of the joint. (medscape.com)
  • The inguinal ligament is at the bottom of the inguinal canal, a passage in the abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord passes in men and the round ligament passes in women. (healthline.com)
  • stenosis was considered to be symp- only 2 cases of isolated hydatid cyst of The patient's routine laboratory tests tomatic by the urologists and an open the round ligament of the liver have were normal and the echinococcosis surgical treatment was planned. (who.int)
  • ing to add an extra surgical procedure found to originate directly from the Therefore a pancreatic cyst, parasitic or during a hydatid cyst operation because round ligament of the liver (ligamentum not, was a diagnostic possibility [ 12 ]. (who.int)
  • In2003,theWorldHealthOrganiza- hydatid cyst of the round ligament was ligated and divided and then the mass tion Informal Working Group on Echi- totally excised without any spillage and no was totally excised from the abdominal nococcosis(WHO-IWGE)proposed risk of infection was added to the elective wall with 1 cm free borders. (who.int)
  • The ligament courses obliquely, running from the tibia anteriorly and medially to the femur posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally. (medscape.com)
  • It is one of several ligaments that connect the femur (thighbone) to the tibia (shinbone). (orthoinfo.org)
  • Thus, an ACL rupture combined with meniscus rupture or other knee ligament injuries results in gonarthrosis in most patients. (nih.gov)
  • The evaluation results mainly included the stress of each part of ligament and meniscus . (bvsalud.org)
  • The ligament is intra-articular but extrasynovial. (medscape.com)
  • A vertical force simulating daily walking was performed on the models to assess the interfacial stresses and displacements of intra-articular tissues and ligaments . (bvsalud.org)
  • Along with the adductor longus muscle and the sartorius muscle, this ligament forms the femoral triangle in the human thigh. (healthline.com)
  • The human skeleton is composed of both fused and individual bones supported by ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. (disabled-world.com)
  • they extend from the superior border of the cricoid cartilage to the inferior margin of the vocal ligaments, with which they are continuous. (wikidoc.org)
  • These ligaments may therefore be regarded as the free borders of the lateral portions of the conus elasticus, and extend from the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages to the angle of the thyroid cartilage about midway between its upper and lower borders. (wikidoc.org)
  • The posteromedial aspect of the gland is attached to the side of the cricoid cartilage, first and second tracheal ring, by the posterior suspensory ligament (ie, Berry ligament). (medscape.com)
  • Ligament and tendon injuries are common, especially among athletes, and they can cause significant pain and loss of mobility. (sutterhealth.org)
  • Choosing a game that doesn't encourage too much leaping is recommended to prevent ligament and tendon injuries. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
  • The stress of ligament / graft at femoral side of three finite- element models was significantly higher than at tibial side, while the highest level was observed in single-bundle reconstruction finite- element model. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inguinal ligament is protects the constantly moving tissues in the trunk and lower extremities of the body. (healthline.com)
  • Knee ligament injuries are common in sport. (nih.gov)
  • Meniscectomy in a joint with intact ligaments further doubles the risk of gonarthrosis (30 to 40%), and 50 to 70% of patients with complete ACL rupture and associated injuries have radiographic changes after 15 to 20 years. (nih.gov)
  • Diseases like AIDS can be transferred because of the true graft operation where an ACL is taken from a dead human and used as the ligament of someone else. (ipl.org)
  • LA Galaxy forward Javier "Chicharito" Hernández has torn a ligament in his right knee. (cbsnews.com)
  • A young man in his 20's approached me with a bit of a limp who described having significant ligament damage in his right knee that greatly limited the movement he could do. (globalawakening.com)
  • There are two different options you have after a torn ligament in the knee has occurred, you can undergo surgery or let the ligament heal naturally. (ipl.org)
  • Being an athlete this would be the best choice because it allows the ligament to heal faster and better. (ipl.org)
  • Real did not immediately say how long he would be sidelined for, but serious knee ligament injuries tend to require months to heal. (arabnews.com)
  • Knowing how to treat a torn ligament can help you heal safely and get back to your regular activities. (livestrong.com)
  • Once the ligament starts to heal, you may have to do specific stretches and exercises to re-strengthen the area. (livestrong.com)
  • The inferior corporotransverse ligament attaches at the posterolateral aspect of the body of one vertebra, and at the transverse process of the below vertebra. (wikipedia.org)
  • The superior transforaminal ligament attaches along the inferior intervertebral notch (of the pedicle of the upper vertebra of the intervertebral foramen). (wikipedia.org)
  • The mid-transforaminal ligament attaches at the posterolateral aspect of an annulus fibrosus at one end, and at the ligamentum flavum (posterior to the articular capsule of the zygapophyseal joint). (wikipedia.org)
  • High-impact falls or tripping over a flexed foot can injure ligaments around your Lisfranc joint - a midfoot sprain, per the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). (livestrong.com)
  • While RICE can help with any sprain, moderate or severe injuries may also require immobilization with a splint, brace, cast or sports tape to provide support and protection while your ligament heals, according to the AAOS . (livestrong.com)
  • The deltoid ligament sprain is, therefore, also known as an Eversion Sprain . (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • A deltoid ligament sprain can be divided into 3 grades. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Your doctor or physiotherapist will advice exercises that should be done to help with healing the ligament sprain. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • You can also get a torn ligament in your big toe if you bend it too far, a type of foot sprain called 'turf toe,' per the Cleveland Clinic . (livestrong.com)
  • Though foot sprain care may vary based on severity, here are some of the best treatments for torn ligaments. (livestrong.com)
  • There are five types of transforaminal ligaments: The superior corporotransverse ligament attaches at the posterolateral aspect of the body of the vertebra, and at the accessory process of the transverse process of the same vertebra. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lateral ligament prevents rotational instability between the distal humerus and the proximal radius and ulna. (medscape.com)
  • The three-dimensional finite- element models for normal ligament and two surgical methods were applied. (bvsalud.org)
  • MADRID: Real Madrid midfielder Eduardo Camavinga suffered knee ligament damage while training with the French national team, the club said on Friday. (arabnews.com)
  • With the news that Zlatan Ibrahimovic, as well as Marcos Rojo, have suffered 'serious ligament damage', knee ligament injuries are back at the forefront of the injury landscape. (physioroom.com)
  • In addition, MRI and ultrasound are helpful diagnostic aids in determining the extent of damage to the ligament and other structures involved (this has a strong bearing on the treatment planning and prognosis). (docpods.com)
  • Pet Insurance Australia has noticed an interesting increase in traumatic ligament/tendon damage and fractures over the COVID-19 lockdown period. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
  • Ligaments connect the ends of bones together to form a joint. (disabled-world.com)
  • The bones at a joint are held together by strong bands of tissue called ligaments, which allow the bones to move. (disabled-world.com)
  • The specially designed joint has geometry copied from human bones scans and uses springs for ligaments. (embs.org)
  • Bones are connected to other bones by ligaments. (orthoinfo.org)
  • High-frequency loading of lumbar ligaments increases proinflammatory cytokines expression in a feline model of repetitive musculoskeletal disorder. (cdc.gov)
  • However, you may need surgery if your LCL is injured or if your injuries are severe and involve other ligaments in your knee. (medlineplus.gov)