Lichens
Lichen Planus
Lichen Planus, Oral
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Lichen Nitidus
Lichenoid Eruptions
Acitretin
Neurodermatitis
Clobetasol
Mouth Mucosa
Usnea
Keratolytic Agents
Ascomycota
Acids, Carbocyclic
Tongue Diseases
Hyperpigmentation
Radionuclides in the lichen-caribou-human food chain near uranium mining operations in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. (1/184)
The richest uranium ore bodies ever discovered (Cigar Lake and McArthur River) are presently under development in northeastern Saskatchewan. This subarctic region is also home to several operating uranium mines and aboriginal communities, partly dependent upon caribou for subsistence. Because of concerns over mining impacts and the efficient transfer of airborne radionuclides through the lichen-caribou-human food chain, radionuclides were analyzed in tissues from 18 barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). Radionuclides included uranium (U), radium (226Ra), lead (210Pb), and polonium (210Po) from the uranium decay series; the fission product (137Cs) from fallout; and naturally occurring potassium (40K). Natural background radiation doses average 2-4 mSv/year from cosmic rays, external gamma rays, radon inhalation, and ingestion of food items. The ingestion of 210Po and 137Cs when caribou are consumed adds to these background doses. The dose increment was 0.85 mSv/year for adults who consumed 100 g of caribou meat per day and up to 1.7 mSv/year if one liver and 10 kidneys per year were also consumed. We discuss the cancer risk from these doses. Concentration ratios (CRs), relating caribou tissues to lichens or rumen (stomach) contents, were calculated to estimate food chain transfer. The CRs for caribou muscle ranged from 1 to 16% for U, 6 to 25% for 226Ra, 1 to 2% for 210Pb, 6 to 26% for 210Po, 260 to 370% for 137Cs, and 76 to 130% for 40K, with 137Cs biomagnifying by a factor of 3-4. These CRs are useful in predicting caribou meat concentrations from the lichens, measured in monitoring programs, for the future evaluation of uranium mining impacts on this critical food chain. (+info)The phytotoxic lichen metabolite, usnic acid, is a potent inhibitor of plant p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. (2/184)
The lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid exists as a (-) and a (+) enantiomer, indicating a alpha or beta projection of the methyl group at position 9b, respectively. (-)-Usnic caused a dose-dependent bleaching of the cotyledonary tissues associated with a decrease of both chlorophylls and carotenoids in treated plants whereas no bleaching was observed with the (+) enantiomer. (-)-Usnic acid inhibited protophorphyrinogen oxidase activity (I50 = 3 microM), but did not lead to protoporphyrin IX accumulation. Bleaching appears to be caused by irreversible inhibition of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by (-)-usnic acid (apparent IC50 = 50 nM). (+info)On the patterns of abundance and diversity of macrolichens of Chopta-Tunganath in the Garhwal Himalaya. (3/184)
A total of 3211 colonies of macrolichens, from twelve 50 m x 10 m plots distributed across four macrohabitat (vegetation) types between 1500 m-3700 m in the Chopta-Tunganath landscape of the Garhwal Himalaya, yielded 13 families with 15 genera and 85 species. Lobaria retigera stood out as a broad-niched generalist species with moderate levels of abundance in all the three major microhabitats, viz. rock, soil and wood across 83% of all the plots sampled, whereas Umbilicaria indica emerged as an abundantly occurring specialist confined to rock substrates. Heterodermia incana and Leptogium javanicum appeared to be rare members of the community as they were encountered only once during the field survey. Woody microhabitats turned out to be richer than rock and soil substrates for macrolichens. Amongst the macrohabitats, middle altitude (2500-2800 m) Quercus forest was richest in species and genera followed by high altitude (2900-3200 m) Rhododendron forest, higher altitude grasslands (3300-3700 m) and then the lower elevation (1500 m) Quercus forest. Species, genus and family level alpha- as well as beta-diversities were significantly correlated with each other, implying that higher taxonomic ranks such as genera may be used as surrogates for species thus facilitating cost- and time-effective periodic monitoring of the biodiversity of macrolichens. Dynamics of the diversity of lichen communities in relation to various forms of environmental disturbance including livestock grazing and tourism as dominant land use activities in the higher Himalaya need further research. (+info)Biomass of the cryptoendolithic microbiota from the Antarctic desert. (4/184)
Extractable lipid phosphate was used to determine the biomass of the cryptoendolithic microbiota that colonizes sandstone rocks in the Ross Desert region of Antarctica. The mean amount of lipid phosphate was 0.053 micromole/cm2 (n = 9), which equals 2.54 g of C per m2 (range, 1.92 to 3.26 g of C per m2) of biomass in the biotic zone of these rocks. The turnover of phospholipids was comparable to that of temperate sediments and soils (t1/2, 6 to 9 days) at 0 degrees C and a light intensity of 305 micromoles of photons per m2 per s, indicating that this was a good method to measure viable biomass. The biomass was 0.3 to 9.6% of the total carbon content of the biotic zone and was about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the epilithic lichen dry weight at a location some 7 degrees north in latitude. The cryptoendolithic microbiota had a uniform density throughout the biotic zone under the rock surface. The results indicate that the cryptoendolithic microbial biomass is small but viable in this unique, extreme ecosystem. (+info)Carbon metabolism of the cryptoendolithic microbiota from the Antarctic desert. (5/184)
The carbon metabolism of the cryptoendolithic microbiota of sandstones from the Ross Desert of Antarctica was studied in situ and in vitro. Organic and inorganic carbon compounds were metabolized by the microbiota, with bicarbonate incorporation into community lipids occurring primarily in the light. Light intensity affected the photometabolism of carbon with a photosynthesis-intensity response optimum at about 200 to 300 micromoles of photons per m2 per s. Photosynthesis was also affected by temperature, with a minimum activity at -5 degrees C, an optimum activity at 15 degrees C, and complete inhibition at 35 degrees C, indicating that the cryptoendolithic community was psychrophilic. The primary source of CO2 for photosynthesis in situ was the atmosphere. CO2 may also be photometabolized by using the carbon produced from respiration within the endolithic community. Photosynthesis occurred maximally when the microbiota was wet with liquid water and to a lesser extent in a humid atmosphere. This simple microbial community, therefore, exists under extremes of water, light, and temperature stress which affect and control its metabolism. (+info)Protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against damage by excessive illumination in homoiohydric leaves and poikilohydric mosses and lichens. (6/184)
Experimental work on the control of photosystem II in the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants, mosses and lichens is reviewed on a background of current literature. Transmembrane proton transport during photoassimilatory and photorespiratory electron flows is considered insufficient for producing the intrathylakoid acidification necessary for control of photosystem II activity under excessive illumination. Oxygen reduction during the Mehler reaction is slow. Together with associated reactions (the water-water cycle), it poises the electron transport chain for coupled cyclic electron transport rather than acting as an efficient electron sink. Coupled electron transport not accompanied by ATP consumption in associated reactions provides the additional thylakoid acidification needed for the binding of zeaxanthin to a chlorophyll-containing thylakoid protein. This results in the formation of energy-dissipating traps in the antennae of photosystem II. Competition for energy capture decreases the activity of photosystem II. In hydrated mosses and lichens, but not in leaves of higher plants, protein protonation and zeaxanthin availability are fully sufficient for effective energy dissipation even when photosystem II reaction centres are open. In leaves, an additional light reaction is required, and energy dissipation occurs not only in the antennae but also in reaction centres. Loss of chlorophyll fluorescence during the drying of predarkened poikilohydric mosses and lichens indicates energy dissipation in the dry state which is unrelated to protonation and zeaxanthin availability. Excitation of photosystem II by sunlight is not destructive in these dry organisms, whereas photosystem II activity of dried leaves is rapidly lost under strong illumination. (+info)Hydration-dependent photosynthetic production of lichens: what do laboratory studies tell us about field performance? (7/184)
Extensive investigations made in the past two decades on lichen photosynthesis in relation to water content have shown two features of particular interest: first, the depression of net photosynthesis at high water contents, suprasaturation (i.e. the lichen contains more water than necessary to saturate photosynthesis), and, second, the ability of green algal lichens to regain photosynthetic activity by uptake of water from humid air. Evidence from several investigators is presented to confirm that both phenomena are now well substantiated through laboratory investigations. It has been questioned whether these features do actually occur in nature and, if they do, to what extent. Recent work is summarized that demonstrates that for many of the lichens studied suprasaturation is of major importance and can result in depressed photosynthesis for around a third of the time that the lichens are photosynthetically active. Reactivation of photosynthesis of green algal lichens by high humidity is also, apparently, very common in some environments, for example, humid temperate rainforests, occurring almost every night. It is possible that the dominance of green algal lichens, rather than cyanobacterial species, in these habitats is a result of their ability to utilize water vapour. If so, then the phenomenon must have major ecological importance for lichen productivity. In general, laboratory studies seem to be able to predict extremely well the behaviour of lichens in their natural habitat. (+info)Influences of nitrogen sources on usnic acid production in a cultured Mycobiont of the lichen Usnea hirta (L.) Wigg. (8/184)
Effects of the nitrogen sources in the medium for the production of secondary metabolites in lichens were examined. The usnic acid production by a mycobiont of the lichen Usnea hirta was higher in the liquid medium containing ammonium and nitrate ions than in those containing amino acids. (+info)Lichens are not a medical term, but I can provide a biological definition for you. Lichens are unique symbiotic organisms that result from the mutualistic relationship between fungi (usually Ascomycetes) and photosynthetic partners, such as algae or cyanobacteria. The fungal partner provides protection and anchorage, while the photosynthetic partner supplies carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Lichens are widely distributed and can be found growing on various substrates, including rocks, trees, and soil. They play essential ecological roles, such as soil stabilization, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and biomonitoring of air pollution.
Lichen Planus is a chronic, autoimmune skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes inside the mouth, genitals, and eyes. It is characterized by the appearance of purplish, flat-topped bumps or lesions on the skin, which may be itchy. The exact cause of Lichen Planus is unknown, but it is believed to occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the skin or mucous membranes. Certain medications, viral infections, and genetic factors may increase the risk of developing this condition. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and may include topical corticosteroids, oral medications, or light therapy.
Lichen Planus, Oral is a relatively common inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth. It is characterized by the presence of white, lacy patches (called Wickham's striae), papules, or plaques on the oral mucosa, which can be uncomfortable or painful, especially when eating spicy, salty, or acidic foods. The condition can also cause soreness, redness, and ulceration in some cases.
The exact cause of oral lichen planus is not known, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response in which the body's immune system attacks the cells in the oral mucosa. The condition can affect people of any age, but it is most commonly seen in middle-aged adults, and it affects women more often than men.
While there is no cure for oral lichen planus, treatment can help to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Topical corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain, while systemic medications may be prescribed in severe cases. It is important to avoid irritants such as tobacco, alcohol, and spicy foods, which can exacerbate symptoms. Regular dental check-ups are also recommended to monitor the condition and prevent any complications.
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LSEA) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can affect both males and females, but it's most commonly found in women after menopause. It can occur at any age, including children. The condition typically affects the genital and anal areas, though it can appear elsewhere on the body as well.
The medical definition of Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus is:
A skin disorder characterized by white patches (plaques) that can be smooth or wrinkled, thickened, and easily bruised. These patches may merge to form larger areas of affected skin. The condition can cause itching, burning, pain, and blistering. In women, the vulva is often affected, and sexual intercourse may become painful. In men, it can affect the foreskin and glans penis, leading to difficulty urinating or having sex.
The exact cause of Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus remains unknown, but it's believed that hormonal imbalances, genetics, and an overactive immune system may play a role in its development. Treatment usually involves topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, other medications or phototherapy might be recommended. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects the genital skin, particularly the vulva in women. It is characterized by thin, white, crinkly skin that can be patchy or involve the entire vulvar area. The skin may become fragile and tear easily, leading to pain, itching (pruritus), discomfort, and soreness. In some cases, VLS can cause scarring and narrowing of the vaginal opening, which can make sexual intercourse painful.
The exact cause of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus is not known, but it may be associated with hormonal imbalances, genetics, or an autoimmune response. While there is no cure for VLS, various treatments can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications. Topical corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation and relieve itching. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.
Lichen nitidus is a relatively uncommon, chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of small, shiny, flat-topped papules (skin-colored or slightly hypopigmented). These lesions are typically arranged in clusters or rows, often on the trunk, extremities, and genital areas. The exact cause of lichen nitidus remains unknown, but it is thought to be a T-cell mediated immune response. It primarily affects children and adolescents, and while it can be asymptomatic, some individuals may experience mild pruritus (itching). In most cases, the condition resolves on its own within a few years, although topical corticosteroids or other treatments might be used to help manage symptoms. Lichen nitidus is not contagious and does not appear to have any significant association with systemic diseases.
Lichenoid eruptions are skin reactions that resemble the appearance of lichen, a type of slow-growing fungus. These eruptions are characterized by flat, scaly bumps (papules) and rough, discolored patches (plaques) on the skin. They can be caused by various factors, including medications, medical conditions, or as a reaction to certain chemicals or substances that come into contact with the skin.
The term "lichenoid" refers to the resemblance of these eruptions to lichen, which is characterized by its distinctive appearance and growth pattern. Lichenoid eruptions can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on sun-exposed areas such as the arms, legs, and trunk.
The exact cause of lichenoid eruptions can vary, but they are often associated with an autoimmune response in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This can lead to inflammation, redness, itching, and other symptoms associated with these eruptions. Treatment for lichenoid eruptions typically involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, as well as managing symptoms with topical medications or other therapies.
Acitretin is a synthetic form of retinoic acid, which is a type of vitamin A. It is used to treat severe psoriasis and other skin conditions. Acitretin works by slowing down the rapid growth of skin cells that cause the symptoms of psoriasis. It comes in the form of a capsule and is taken orally.
Common side effects of acitretin include dryness of the skin, lips, and mouth, itching, peeling, redness, or stickiness of the palms and soles, hair loss, and changes in nail growth. Less common but more serious side effects can include liver damage, increased levels of lipids in the blood, and birth defects if taken during pregnancy.
It is important to note that acitretin can cause birth defects, so women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not take this medication. Additionally, because acitretin can remain in the body for a long time, it is recommended that women of childbearing age use effective contraception while taking this medication and for at least three years after stopping it.
Neurodermatitis, also known as lichen simplex chronicus, is a skin condition characterized by chronic itching and scratching of the skin. It typically affects areas that are easy to reach and can be triggered by stress, anxiety, or other underlying skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. The constant scratching leads to thickening and darkening of the skin, which can cause discomfort and distress. Treatment usually involves a combination of topical medications, lifestyle changes, and behavioral modifications to reduce scratching and alleviate symptoms.
Clobetasol is a topical corticosteroid medication that is used to reduce inflammation and relieve itching, redness, and swelling associated with various skin conditions. It works by suppressing the immune system's response to reduce inflammation. Clobetasol is available in several forms, including creams, ointments, emulsions, and foams, and is usually applied to the affected area once or twice a day.
It is important to use clobetasol only as directed by a healthcare provider, as prolonged or excessive use can lead to thinning of the skin, increased susceptibility to infections, and other side effects. Additionally, it should not be used on large areas of the body or for extended periods without medical supervision.
Vulvar diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the vulva, which is the external female genital area including the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, and the vaginal opening. These conditions can cause various symptoms such as itching, burning, pain, soreness, irritation, or abnormal growths or lesions. Some common vulvar diseases include:
1. Vulvitis: inflammation of the vulva that can be caused by infection, allergies, or irritants.
2. Lichen sclerosus: a chronic skin condition that causes thin, white patches on the vulva.
3. Lichen planus: an inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the vulva.
4. Vulvar cancer: a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the vulva.
5. Genital warts: caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, these are small growths or bumps on the vulva.
6. Pudendal neuralgia: a nerve condition that causes pain in the vulvar area.
7. Vestibulodynia: pain or discomfort in the vestibule, the area surrounding the vaginal opening.
It is important to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing any symptoms related to vulvar diseases for proper diagnosis and treatment.
The mouth mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, also known as the oral mucosa. It covers the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, palate, and floor of the mouth. This moist tissue is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Its functions include protecting the underlying tissues from physical trauma, chemical irritation, and microbial infections; aiding in food digestion by producing enzymes; and providing sensory information about taste, temperature, and texture.
Usnea is not a medical term, but it is a type of lichen that grows on the bark of trees and other surfaces. It is sometimes referred to as "beard moss" because of its hair-like appearance. In traditional medicine, Usnea has been used for its antimicrobial properties due to the presence of usnic acid. However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating human diseases. Therefore, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using any alternative or herbal remedies.
Keratolytic agents are substances that cause the softening and sloughing off of excess keratin, the protein that makes up the outermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). These agents help to break down and remove dead skin cells, increase moisture retention, and promote the growth of new skin cells. They are commonly used in the treatment of various dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, warts, calluses, and ichthyosis. Examples of keratolytic agents include salicylic acid, urea, lactic acid, and retinoic acid.
Ascomycota is a phylum in the kingdom Fungi, also known as sac fungi. This group includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms, such as yeasts, mold species, and morel mushrooms. Ascomycetes are characterized by their reproductive structures called ascus, which contain typically eight haploid spores produced sexually through a process called ascogony. Some members of this phylum have significant ecological and economic importance, as they can be decomposers, mutualistic symbionts, or plant pathogens causing various diseases. Examples include the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea, and morel mushroom Morchella esculenta.
Carbocyclic acids are organic compounds containing a carbon ring and one or more carboxylic acid groups. A carboxylic acid group is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (carbonyl group) and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH).
In carbocyclic acids, the carbon ring may be aromatic or aliphatic. Aromatic rings contain alternating double bonds between carbon atoms, while aliphatic rings do not have these double bonds. The presence of the carboxylic acid group(s) makes these compounds acidic due to the ionizable hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group.
Examples of carbocyclic acids include benzoic acid (an aromatic compound with a single carboxylic acid group), cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (an aliphatic compound with a single carboxylic acid group), and phthalic acid (an aromatic compound with two carboxylic acid groups).
Tongue diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or appearance of the tongue. These conditions can be categorized into several types, including:
1. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause tongue inflammation (glossitis), pain, and ulcers. Common causes include streptococcus, herpes simplex, and candida albicans.
2. Traumatic injuries: These can result from accidental bites, burns, or irritation caused by sharp teeth, dental appliances, or habitual habits like tongue thrusting or chewing.
3. Neoplasms: Both benign and malignant growths can occur on the tongue, such as papillomas, fibromas, and squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Congenital disorders: Some individuals may be born with abnormalities of the tongue, like ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) or macroglossia (enlarged tongue).
5. Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders can affect tongue movement and sensation, such as Bell's palsy, stroke, or multiple sclerosis.
6. Systemic diseases: Various systemic conditions can have symptoms that manifest on the tongue, like diabetes mellitus (which can cause dryness and furring), iron deficiency anemia (which may lead to atrophic glossitis), or Sjƶgren's syndrome (which can result in xerostomia).
7. Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of tongue symptoms remains unknown, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic glossitis or burning mouth syndrome.
Proper diagnosis and treatment of tongue diseases require a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, often involving a dental or medical specialist such as an oral pathologist, otolaryngologist, or dermatologist.
Hyperpigmentation is a medical term that refers to the darkening of skin areas due to an increase in melanin, the pigment that provides color to our skin. This condition can affect people of all races and ethnicities, but it's more noticeable in those with lighter skin tones.
Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including excessive sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy), inflammation, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions like Addison's disease or hemochromatosis. It can also result from skin injuries, such as cuts, burns, or acne, which leave dark spots known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
There are several types of hyperpigmentation, including:
1. Melasma: This is a common form of hyperpigmentation that typically appears as symmetrical, blotchy patches on the face, particularly the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip. It's often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy or while taking birth control pills.
2. Solar lentigos (age spots or liver spots): These are small, darkened areas of skin that appear due to prolonged sun exposure over time. They typically occur on the face, hands, arms, and decolletage.
3. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: This type of hyperpigmentation occurs when an injury or inflammation heals, leaving behind a darkened area of skin. It's more common in people with darker skin tones.
Treatment for hyperpigmentation depends on the underlying cause and may include topical creams, chemical peels, laser therapy, or microdermabrasion. Preventing further sun damage is crucial to managing hyperpigmentation, so wearing sunscreen with a high SPF and protective clothing is recommended.
Vulvar neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the vulvar region, which is the exterior female genital area including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the vaginal vestibule. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign vulvar neoplasms may include conditions such as vulvar cysts, fibromas, lipomas, or condylomas (genital warts). They are typically slow-growing and less likely to spread or invade surrounding tissues.
Malignant vulvar neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancers that can invade nearby tissues and potentially metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body. The most common types of malignant vulvar neoplasms are squamous cell carcinoma, vulvar melanoma, and adenocarcinoma.
Early detection and treatment of vulvar neoplasms are essential for improving prognosis and reducing the risk of complications or recurrence. Regular gynecological examinations, self-examinations, and prompt attention to any unusual symptoms or changes in the vulvar area can help ensure timely diagnosis and management.
Depsides are a type of chemical compound that are formed by the condensation of two molecules of phenolic acids. They are a subclass of polyphenols, which are compounds found in plants that have various biological activities. Depsides are characterized by the presence of a central core structure consisting of a benzene ring linked to a carboxylic acid group through a carbon-carbon bond.
Depsides can be further classified into different subgroups based on the specific phenolic acids that make up their structure. Some common examples of depsides include chlorogenic acid, which is formed from caffeic acid and quinic acid, and rosmarinic acid, which is formed from caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid.
Depsides have been studied for their potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. They are found in a variety of plant foods, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, and may contribute to the overall health-promoting properties of these foods.
Lichens (musician)
Outline of lichens
Lichens of Madagascar
Symbiosis in lichens
Lichens in Namibia
Lichens and nitrogen cycling
Lichen
List of lichens of Maryland
List of lichens of Sweden
Lichen planus
Squamulose lichen
Umbilicate lichen
Plasticolous lichen
Reichlingia (lichen)
Lopadium (lichen)
Lichen aureus
Bai Lichen
Foliicolous lichen
Lecanorine lichen
Lichen Island
Li Chen
Dufourea (lichen)
Glyphis (lichen)
Thyrea (lichen)
Tania (lichen)
Cryptothele (lichen)
Maronea (lichen)
Lichen ruber
Crustose lichen
Lichen Peak
Lichens (musician) - Wikipedia
Lichen planus: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Lichen Craig (LichenCraig) | LibraryThing | LibraryThing
Nail lichen planus
lichen
Lichen Amyloidosis: Background, Pathophysiology
Preliminary Checklist of Lichens Reported from Wyoming
lichens, Zschackia | Botanischer Garten Berlin
![Lichen 1 [IMAGE] | EurekAlert! Science News Releases](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAMAAAAoLQ9TAAAAclBMVEXLISH////IFRXJGhrKHR3OLi7109PpoKDrqKj++/v89PTlkJDqpaXdbm7GCwvYV1f66OjmlZXzzMzTRUXedXXjh4fZXFzgfX377+/WUFDQNjbgeXnYWFfrrKzaYmLEAwPSPj7NKir33Nz22NjbaGjvu7tb0vyrAAAAoElEQVQYlV3PSRaDIBAEUGYEBFEkqInikNz/ikEkLlK7+q+BBoD/YJRDbnB9W3H/oAgXEDBHVq5MpcJUH2oLK4oyDJqkOwxqmG1OkaNJo3hs+8kLneR5Kn4N89zpJcsZwnhcFQsauqtvUlGuHXPzXh7fO9rRGDgVV0ccjsvxbpX5lP2dsJvjASBVjiAP9zUaYn5AcA2lnwBl4BaVPnRY+AWiJwfw+jSPtgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Lichen 1 [IMAGE] | EurekAlert! Science News Releases
script lichen
-
Encyclopedia of Life
Oral lichen planus: - Healthy.net
cup lichen
-
Encyclopedia of Life
dust lichen
-
Encyclopedia of Life
Lichen Nitidus Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations
Lichen Sclerosus - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | NORD
Lichen Could be Mysterious Elk Killer | KSL.com
Jim Lichens Archives - KUVO
Lichen planus: Who gets and causes
Lichen Planus
Landis Arboretum|Lichens
details
The Secret World of Lichens: A Young Naturalist's Guide
Cotton percale flat sheet - Lichen Green
GARD Rare Disease Information - Lichen planopilaris - National Organization for Rare Disorders
Artist Reception-Julie Snidle: Artistic Lichens - NEMAA
Lichen and Branches in Colored Pencil | The Morton Arboretum
ENY-2051/IN1296: The Life of Lichen
Graphis collinsiae (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), a new lichen species from the Fiji Islands
California State Lichen | Lace Lichen
Tofinophile - Playtime - YELLOW POWDER LICHENOral lichen20
- Oral lichen planus with ulceration must be followed meticulously to prevent the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
- It has been hypothesized that oral manifestations are underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as oral lichen planus, or that environmental effects play a large role in disease expression. (medscape.com)
- Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder that presents in a wide range of clinical forms, such as unilateral or bilateral white striations, papules, or plaques on the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. (medscape.com)
- Plaquelike oral lichen planus on the buccal mucosa on the left side. (medscape.com)
- Ulcerative oral lichen planus on the dorsum of the tongue. (medscape.com)
- The dense subepithelial mononuclear infiltrate in oral lichen planus is composed of T cells and macrophages, and there are increased numbers of intraepithelial T cells. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
- Oral lichen planus lesions contain increased levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. (medscape.com)
- [ 8 ] T cells in oral lichen planus contain mRNA for TNF and secrete TNF in vitro. (medscape.com)
- [ 9 ] Serum and salivary TNF levels are elevated in oral lichen planus patients. (medscape.com)
- Of possible significance, elevated concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neopterin in saliva and serum of patients with the erosive-atrophic form of oral lichen planus suggest they may be involved in the etiology of this disease variation. (medscape.com)
- [ 19 ] Research published in 2015 also suggests that osteopontin, CD44, and survivin may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
- [ 20 ] Additionally, microRNA 4484 (miR-4484) has been found to be significantly up-regulated in the salivary exosomes of patients with oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
- The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis is supported by many autoimmune features of oral lichen planus, including its chronicity, onset in adults, predilection for females, association with other autoimmune diseases, occasional tissue-type associations, depressed immune-suppressor activity in patients with oral lichen planus, and the presence of autocytotoxic T-cell clones in lichen planus lesions. (medscape.com)
- Current data suggest that oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which autocytotoxic CD8 + T cells trigger the apoptosis of oral epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
- Reported associations between oral lichen planus and systemic diseases may be coincidental, because (1) oral lichen planus is relatively common, (2) oral lichen planus occurs predominantly in older adults, and (3) many drugs used in the treatment of systemic diseases trigger the development of oral lichenoid lesions as an adverse effect. (medscape.com)
- The Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that clinically presents itself in many ways as reticular, atrophic or erythematous and erosive. (bvsalud.org)
- It may be triggered by diuretics and antimalarials, metal fillings (causing oral lichen planus), stress, and infection. (medscape.com)
- It recurs often, in about 20% of patients, and it may linger for years, particularly oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
- Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common mucocutaneous disorder, and its causative factors and pathogenesis are not fully understood. (medscape.com)
Fungi11
- Clathroporina (Clathroporina Lichen) is a genus of Fungi in the family Porinaceae . (eol.org)
- Nephroma arcticum (Arctic Kidney Lichen) is a species of Fungi in the family Nephromataceae . (eol.org)
- Lichens cannot be classified as a single entity like plants because they are a composite of fungi (lichen's mycobiont) and green algae or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) (lichen's photobiont). (nps.gov)
- Lichens are complex partnerships between fungi, photobionts (an alga, or a cyanobacterium) and other bacteria. (umu.se)
- Lichens are a symbiotic organism, made up of algae, fungi and yeast. (discoveryplace.org)
- Although lichen-forming fungi have been suggested to be a rich source of NPs, it is not known how their biosynthetic diversity compares to that of bacteria and non-lichenized fungi. (frontiersin.org)
- plants, fungi & lichens, flowers, wildflowers images at photo community purple Photo & image by Littleduck į View and rate this photo free at fotocommunity.de. (fotocommunity.com)
- Lichens are vibrant, remarkable microcosms structured around fungi. (nybg.org)
- Lichens are a symbiosis between fungi and algae which can be found almost everywhere. (waag.org)
- The organism groups formerly known as Cryptogams - mosses, liverworts, lichen and fungi - are particularly diverse in Scandinavia. (lu.se)
- You will find information about application, prerequisites and the syllabus for the course Mosses, Lichen, Fungi - Biodiversity and Conservation at Lund University's central web pages when the application for autumn 2022 opens. (lu.se)
Sclerosus32
- Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of unknown cause that most commonly affects the genitalia (vulvar and penile lichen sclerosus), but it can occur at any skin site (extragenital lichen sclerosus). (medscape.com)
- Outdated terms for this conditions include lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, balanitis xerotica obliterans (glans penis presentation), and kraurosis vulvae (older description of vulvar presentation). (medscape.com)
- Lichen sclerosus can occur in males or females of any age, but it more commonly affects prepubertal or perimenopausal females or males between puberty and age 60 years. (medscape.com)
- 5%) with genital lichen sclerosus. (medscape.com)
- The etiology and pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus (LS) is unknown but may include genetic, infectious, environmental, and hormonal factors. (medscape.com)
- Several older studies have linked borrelial or other infections with lichen sclerosus, yet most other studies have disputed this, with polymerase chain reaction-based studies showing no increased incidence of borrelial infection. (medscape.com)
- Women with lichen sclerosus have a higher rate of associated autoimmune disease (odds ratio, 4.3), especially for autoimmune thyroid disease, compared with men. (medscape.com)
- Local irritation or trauma seems to play a role in some cases of lichen sclerosus, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. (medscape.com)
- Lichen sclerosus is a condition in which the skin around the vulva has a crinkled or parchment-like appearance. (estronaut.com)
- A clinical guide by the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) on lichen sclerosus with summary recommendations has been published in Maturitas. (medindia.net)
- Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects genital labial, perineal and perianal areas, producing significant discomfort and psychological distress. (medindia.net)
- These and other recommendations presented in the EMAS clinical guide are published in the article: 'EMAS clinical guide: Vulvar lichen sclerosus in peri and postmenopausal women by Faustino R. P rez-L pez, Iuliana Ceausu, Herman Depypere, C. Tamer Erel, Irene Lambrinoudaki, Margaret Rees, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Florence Tremollieres, Yvonne T. van der Schouw and Tommaso Simoncini. (medindia.net)
- What Is Lichen Sclerosus? (abchomeopathy.com)
- Lichen sclerosus (LIKE-in skler-O-sus) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can affect men, women, or children, but is most common in women. (abchomeopathy.com)
- While lichen sclerosus appears predominantly in postmenopausal women, this skin condition is also known to develop on the head of the penis in men. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Occasionally, lichen sclerosus is seen on other parts of the body, especially the upper body, breasts, and upper arms. (abchomeopathy.com)
- More severe cases of lichen sclerosus produce scarring that may cause the inner lips of the vulva to shrink and disappear, the clitoris to become covered with scar tissue, and the opening of the vagina to narrow. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Lichen sclerosus of the penis occurs almost exclusively in uncircumcised men (those who have not had the foreskin removed). (abchomeopathy.com)
- Skin on other areas of the body affected by lichen sclerosus usually does not develop scarring. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Although definitive data are not available, lichen sclerosus is considered a rare disorder that can develop in people of all ages. (abchomeopathy.com)
- It is uncommon for women who have vulvar lichen sclerosus to have the disease on other skin surfaces. (abchomeopathy.com)
- When lichen sclerosus occurs on parts of the body other than the genital area, most often there are no symptoms, other than itching. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Very mild lichen sclerosus of the genital area often causes no symptoms at all. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Rarely, lichen sclerosus of the vulva may cause extreme itching that interferes with sleep and daily activities. (abchomeopathy.com)
- When lichen sclerosus develops around the anus, the discomfort can lead to constipation that is difficult to relieve. (abchomeopathy.com)
- It is important to note that the signs of lichen sclerosus in children may sometimes be confused with those of sexual abuse. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Most men with genital lichen sclerosus have not been circumcised. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Lichen sclerosus has also been shown to appear at sites of previous injury or trauma where the skin has already experienced scarring or damage. (abchomeopathy.com)
- No, lichen sclerosus is not contagious. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Because other diseases of the genitalia can look like lichen sclerosus, a biopsy is advised whenever the appearance of the skin is not typical of lichen sclerosus. (abchomeopathy.com)
- I have been having problems and was worried that my anal cancer was back again but instead was diagnosed by my obgyn with this rare incurable autoimmune disease called lichen sclerosus. (cancer.org)
- At my 5-year checkup, my gyn-onc found and biopsied a small lesion that he thought might be lichen sclerosus. (cancer.org)
Fruticose7
- Lichens with a leaf-like appearance and structure are termed "foliose," and those with shrubby upright or dangling strands are termed "fruticose. (carnegiemnh.org)
- Ramalina denticulata, a species of fruticose (shrubby) lichen. (nps.gov)
- Fruticose lichens are typically the most glamorous and showy. (nps.gov)
- This shrub-like growth form is the most highly developed and plant-like of the four forms, and some species of fruticose lichen can be difficult to tell apart from plants. (nps.gov)
- Fruticose lichens often appear to be miniature shrubs. (nps.gov)
- Even the small limbs are adorned with fruticose lichens. (nih.gov)
- Three types each of Crustose, Foliose, and Fruticose lichens are featured in the 8Ė x 12Ė display. (forestry-suppliers.com)
Species25
- Some sensitive lichen species develop structural changes in response to air pollution including reduced photosynthesis and bleaching. (nps.gov)
- Hence the species of lichens present in a location and the concentration of pollutants measured in those lichens can tell us a lot about air quality. (nps.gov)
- Species were recorded and samples of the pollution-tolerant lichen Flavoparmelia caperatawere taken at each site. (nps.gov)
- Forty-five species of bark-inhabiting lichens were identified during the NCR inventory. (nps.gov)
- NCR's bark-inhabiting lichen communities are dominated by nitrogen-loving, pollution-tolerant species. (nps.gov)
- Lichen communities in urban parks closest to Washington, DC are lowest in species diversity and coverage, and have no pollution sensitive species. (nps.gov)
- Lichens in Prince William Forest Park are consistently higher in species richness, highest in coverage of pollution-sensitive species, and lower in element concentration than those from other parks. (nps.gov)
- Additionally, present-day lichen communities are far less diverse and contain fewer sensitive species than communities that existed at the same sites in the past century. (nps.gov)
- For example, on Plummers Island, the list of lichens once collected includes many pollution-sensitive species that are no longer found in the mid-Atlantic region. (nps.gov)
- Lichens are found on every continent and estimates of their global diversity range from 13,000 to more than 17,000 species. (carnegiemnh.org)
- The white patches visible on the cypress trees are not part of the bark, but a common species of crustose lichen. (nps.gov)
- The colorful patches visible on the roots of the red mangrove consist of several different species of crustose lichen. (nps.gov)
- The bright green patch on the cypress trunk consists of Chrysothrix candelaris, a species of crustose lichen. (nps.gov)
- Parmotrema praesorediosum, a species of foliose (leafy) lichen. (nps.gov)
- A Field Guide to California Lichens features stunning new photographs of some 500 lichen species by award-winning nature photographer Stephen Sharnoff. (yale.edu)
- Older learners can utilize the iNaturalist app to identify their lichen specimen and investigate similar species. (discoveryplace.org)
- Our locality has a high diversity of lichen species in a array of beautiful forms. (montananaturalist.org)
- Learn about the ecology and biology of lichens as you become comfortable identifying common species. (montananaturalist.org)
- There are five species of lichens in the monument. (us-parks.com)
- Egg Yolk Lichen (Candelariella rosulans) in the Candelariaceae family, can be a bit variable in appearance, ranging from rosulate to lobate to squamulose but almost always distinguishable from other Candelariella species by its thick, convex thallus and broad spores. (conps.org)
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high light on antioxidants content in different lichen species. (muni.cz)
- Several lichen species were collected in Norway (Peltigera canina, Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobaria scrobiculara) and in Czech Republic (Hypogymnia physodes, Lasallia pustulata). (muni.cz)
- One of the ways in which lichen species differ, is their response to ammonia. (waag.org)
- A few participants had prior experience with the method, and for some of them, it was the first encounter with lichens as a species. (waag.org)
- While some stayed loyal to the workshop question and mapped nitrogen pollution all over the park, others took a step back from the nitrogen question and explored the diversity of lichen species on different tree species. (waag.org)
Exact cause of lichen1
- Experts aren't sure about the exact cause of lichen nitidus. (healthline.com)
Treat lichen planus2
- The aim of homeopathy is not only to treat Lichen planus but to address its underlying cause and individual susceptibility. (hpathy.com)
- As far as therapeutic medication is concerned, several remedies are available to treat Lichen planus that can be selected on the basis of cause, sensations and modalities of the complaints. (hpathy.com)
Bullous lichen planus2
- Increased circulating autoantibodies may be as high as 28%, comparable to the rate seen in bullous lichen planus. (medscape.com)
- A rare type of lichen planus, familial bullous lichen planus, could be gene-related. (medscape.com)
Mosses3
- In the North Employee Parking Lot, a small ecosystem is developing on the side of a Cyprus tree, where mosses have already joined the lichen. (nih.gov)
- Mosses seem to have tiny leaves and grow in wet dark areas while lichens could make disc shapes on stones and grounds. (naldzgraphics.net)
- Lichens appear grey or white while mosses are commonly green. (naldzgraphics.net)
Usnea5
- The pollution-sensitive lichen Usnea ceratina. (nps.gov)
- NEWS A unique long-term study performed by researchers at UmeƄ University shows that the pendent lichen Usnea longissima decreases with 42 percent over 37 years in Skuleskogen National Park, located in High Coast UNESCO World Heritage site. (umu.se)
- Usnea longissima (Methuselah's beard lichen) was probably the original for 'tinsel' on Christmas trees and may reach a length of several meters. (umu.se)
- Per-Anders Esseen quantifies the abundance of Usnea longissima on a spruce and measures how high the lichen grows in the tree. (umu.se)
- Thin pendulous lichens, for example, Usnea longissima , are particularly sensitive to environmental hazards such as air pollution, forestry, and climate change, yet are vital components of forest canopies worldwide. (umu.se)
Head of th1
- In men, lichen planus commonly affects the genitals, especially the head of the penis. (msdmanuals.com)
Fungus8
- Lichens may look like small plants, but they're actually composites of a fungus and an algae. (nps.gov)
- The algae in lichens photosynthesize (create food from sunlight energy), and both the algae and fungus absorb water, minerals, and pollutants from the air, through rain and dust. (nps.gov)
- Pollution can also cause the death of the lichen algae, discoloration and reduced growth of the lichen fungus, or kill a lichen completely. (nps.gov)
- Every lichen is a partnership of two different organisms, a fungus whose tissue provides the physical structure to support a second organism capable of photosynthesis. (carnegiemnh.org)
- Lichens are not vascular plants or even a single organism, but are a partnership between a fungus and one or more algaeor cyanobacteria. (nih.gov)
- Besides providing a physical way to anchor the lichen to a surface, the fungus provides shelter and moisture for the algae. (nih.gov)
- This richly illustrated, authoritative guide to the lichens of California draws new attention to these striking and ecologically important organisms, which are symbionts-representing a relationship between a fungus and alga-and highlights their beauty, diversity, and value as a natural resource. (yale.edu)
- Lichen Cola later appears as a part of a puzzle: With there being twice as much Lichen Cola as Morel Moxie (which has three ounces), and three times as much Lichen Cola as Fungus Up , the player must deduce how many ounces of Fungus Up are there. (mariowiki.com)
Foliose2
Ulcerative1
- In these cases it is imperative that alcohol consumption and tobacco products be avoided because they have both been associated with the increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in ulcerative lichen planus. (medscape.com)
Annular lichen2
- They may be close together or widespread, or grouped in lines (linear lichen planus) or rings (annular lichen planus). (hpathy.com)
- Annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth - The histology may be identical and annular lichen striatus may actually be the same disorder. (dermnetnz.org)
Planus usually2
- Lichen planus usually resolves without treatment, but symptoms may be treated with corticosteroids, exposure to ultraviolet light, or lidocaine -containing mouthwashes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lichen planus usually leaves hypertrophic scars and dark brown postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. (medscape.com)
Cutaneous lichen1
- This is a report of a patient with a novel genotype-phenotype relationship of a c804 mutation of the RET proto-oncogene manifesting as medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA). (nih.gov)
Algae2
- For most lichens the partner with the solar energy power is some form of green algae. (carnegiemnh.org)
- The main body structure of the lichen consists of fungal filaments that surround the cells of its photosynthesizing companion, the algae. (nih.gov)
Lesions4
- The lesions of lichen planus can occur anywhere on the body but favor the flexor wrists, trunk, medial thighs, shins, dorsal hands, and lower back. (medscape.com)
- Two-thirds of patients with skin lesions will have lichen planus for 1 to 2 years with spontaneous clearing in the second year. (medscape.com)
- Lichen planus may cause a small number of skin lesions or less often affect a wide area of the skin and mucous membranes. (hpathy.com)
- Lichen planus (LP) is a pruritic eruption commonly associated with hepatitis C. Lesions are characteristically papular, purple (violaceous color), polygonal, and peripherally located (eg. (medscape.com)
Hypertrophic1
- Very thick scaly patches are particularly itchy and are most likely to arise around the ankles (hypertrophic lichen planu). (hpathy.com)
Itchy4
- Lichen planus is a condition that forms a very itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Lichen planus (LP) is a benign non-infectious skin condition which causes an itchy rash to appear on the skin or inside the mouth. (news-medical.net)
- Constant itchy, painful bumps, scaly arms and legs, and damaged nails make lichen planus an inflammatory skin disease that's both frustrating and painful for patients trying to keep their quality of life. (news-medical.net)
- Lichen planus, a recurring itchy disease, starts as a rash of small, separate, red or purple bumps that then combine and become rough, scaly patches. (msdmanuals.com)
Crustose4
- Crustose or curst-like lichen and pronghorn antelope scat. (carnegiemnh.org)
- The colorful trio sharing the pronghorn antelope diorama are termed "crustose" or crust-like lichens. (carnegiemnh.org)
- Crustose lichens are the most common form present in Everglades National Park and in other subtropical and tropical regions of the world. (nps.gov)
- Identification of crustose lichens involves viewing the external and internal structure of lichen fruiting bodies through microscopes. (nps.gov)
Diversity2
- Although Everglades National Park is known for its extensive sawgrass marshes, lichen diversity is richest where trees are present. (nps.gov)
- The diversity of Lichens is featured in this display of 9 specimens. (forestry-suppliers.com)
Fungal1
- Lichens carry the name of the fungal lichen partner. (nps.gov)
Organism2
- Lichens are such an association that can be found all over, including right on campus , with two separate groups coming together to form a viable organism that otherwise would not exist. (nih.gov)
- A lichen is an unusual organism because it is not just one organism, but two organisms that live together in symbiosis. (us-parks.com)
Clinical3
- Tosti A, Peluso AM, Misciali C, Cameli N. Nail lichen striatus: clinical features and long-term follow-up of five patients. (medscape.com)
- Patrizi A, Neri I, Fiorentini C, Bonci A, Ricci G. Lichen striatus: clinical and laboratory features of 115 children. (medscape.com)
- Lichen planus (LP) has several types based on various clinical manifestations. (iasp-pain.org)
Papules5
- Lichen nitidus causes very small bumps (papules) on your skin. (healthline.com)
- Lichen nitidus usually doesn't cause any other symptoms, though the papules may itch sometimes. (healthline.com)
- Classical lichen planus is characterized by shiny, flat-topped, firm papules (bumps) varying from pin point size ('guttate') to larger than a centimetre. (hpathy.com)
- As the lichen planus papules clear they are often replaced by areas of greyish-brown discolouration, especially in darker skinned people. (hpathy.com)
- Lichen striatus presents as as an erythematous papules which often join together to form a linear band following Blaschko lines . (dermnetnz.org)
Autoimmune disease1
- The specific antigen that triggers lichen planus is unknown, although it may be a self-peptide (or altered self-peptide), in which case lichen planus would be a true autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
North America1
- A renowned nature photographer best known for his contributions to the definitive reference Lichens of North America , he is currently at work on a guidebook to the wildflowers of the Sierra Nevada. (yale.edu)
Eruption3
- Exposure to gold (commonly found in popular alcoholic schnapps liquors) and the metals found in photographic film development and processing have also caused a lichen planus-type eruption. (medscape.com)
- Jones J, Marquart JD, Logemann NF, DiBlasi DR. Lichen striatus-like eruption in an adult following hepatitis B vaccination: a case report and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
- Lichen nitidus is an eruption of tiny, flesh-colored bumps on your skin. (healthline.com)
Symptoms3
- What are the symptoms of lichen nitidus? (healthline.com)
- In initial phases, lichen sclerosis has no major symptoms and does not require treatment. (estronaut.com)
- But even in atypical cases, enough of these characteristic symptoms are present to differentiate similar appearing cases of psoriasis, papular eczema or lichen ruber. (hpathy.com)
Contagious1
- Reassure patients that lichen planus is not contagious and treatment is often effective in relieving itching and improving the appearance of the rash until it goes away. (medscape.com)
Additionally1
- Additionally, lichen planus has recently been associated with hepatitis C and all patients presented with lichen planus should be given a hepatitis screen. (medscape.com)
Nitidus12
- What is lichen nitidus? (healthline.com)
- Read on to learn more about lichen nitidus, including what it looks like and how it's treated. (healthline.com)
- What does lichen nitidus look like? (healthline.com)
- This is called generalized lichen nitidus. (healthline.com)
- No one's sure why the T lymphocytes become active in lichen nitidus. (healthline.com)
- Who gets lichen nitidus? (healthline.com)
- There's no clear connection between lichen nitidus and race, skin type, or sex. (healthline.com)
- How is lichen nitidus diagnosed? (healthline.com)
- A doctor can usually diagnose lichen nitidus by looking closely at your skin. (healthline.com)
- How is lichen nitidus treated? (healthline.com)
- Lichen nitidus doesn't usually require any treatment. (healthline.com)
- A 2007 case study involving two people with lichen nitidus found that the condition cleared up after 18 to 20 UVB light treatments. (healthline.com)
Striatus18
- Nail lichen striatus: report of seven cases and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
- Lichen striatus in a pregnant woman. (medscape.com)
- Facial lichen striatus in children: retracing the lines of blaschko. (medscape.com)
- Correia LD, Silva de Castro CC. Association between bilateral segmental vitiligo and lichen striatus: an expression of mosaicism? (medscape.com)
- Monteagudo B, Cabanillas M, SuĆ”rez-Amor O, RamĆrez-Santos A, Alvarez JC, de Las Heras C. [Adult blaschkitis (lichen striatus) in a patient treated with adalimumab]. (medscape.com)
- Lora V, Kanitakis J, Latini A, Cota C. Lichen striatus associated with etanercept treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (medscape.com)
- Lichen striatus occurring after allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in an adult with aplastic anemia. (medscape.com)
- Shepherd V, Lun K, Strutton G. Lichen striatus in an adult following trauma. (medscape.com)
- Yaosaka M, Sawamura D, Iitoyo M, Shibaki A, Shimizu H. Lichen striatus affecting a mother and her son. (medscape.com)
- Co-occurrence of lichen striatus in twins. (medscape.com)
- Simultaneous lichen striatus in siblings along the same Blaschko line. (medscape.com)
- Ciconte A, Bekhor P. Lichen striatus following solarium exposure. (medscape.com)
- Unal E, Balta I, Bozkurt O. Lichen striatus: after a bite by bumblebee. (medscape.com)
- Hafner C, Landthaler M, Vogt T. Lichen striatus (blaschkitis) following varicella infection. (medscape.com)
- Ishikawa M, Ohashi T, Yamamoto T. Lichen striatus following influenza infection. (medscape.com)
- Verma P, Singal A, Yadav P, Sharma R. Concurrence of lichen striatus and localised pityriasis rosea: Cutaneous mosaicism. (medscape.com)
- Arias-Santiago SA, Sierra Giron-Prieto M, Fernandez-Pugnarie MA, Naranjo-Sintes R. [Lichen striatus following Blaschko lines]. (medscape.com)
- In lichen striatus, sections show a lichenoid infiltrate involving an epidermis which is usually acanthotic (figure 1). (dermnetnz.org)
Lichenoid1
- The expression or unmasking of the lichen planus antigen may be induced by drugs (lichenoid drug reaction), contact allergens in dental restorative materials or toothpastes (contact hypersensitivity reaction), mechanical trauma (Koebner phenomenon), viral infection, or other unidentified agents. (medscape.com)
Usually resolves1
- Lichen planus is a self-limited disease that usually resolves within 12-18 months. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis1
- Lichen planus (see the image below) has been found to be associated with hepatitis C virus infection. (medscape.com)
Bark4
- A baseline inventory of bark-dwelling lichens was conducted in nine parks of the National Capital Region (NCR) from 2004 to 2006 and in 2009. (nps.gov)
- Lichens exist in every terrestrial habitat within Everglades National Park and on all substrates, such as tree bark, rock, leaves, and soil. (nps.gov)
- Casual viewers typically see lichens as a constituent of tree bark. (nps.gov)
- Lichens are non-parasitic plant-like organisms that colonise the bark of trees and shrubs, as well as fences, rocks and even paving slabs. (lovethegarden.com)
Ecology2
- For more detailed information about lichen ecology, including information about local research efforts, please visit the site maintained by Point Park University Professor Matthew Opdyke . (carnegiemnh.org)
- This study suggests that the long-term survival of red-listed lichens may be threatened also in forests that have a strong protection" says Per-Anders Esseen, professor emeritus at Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, UmeƄ University. (umu.se)
Omns2
- In 2007, Lichens released Omns, which was intended to be a continuation of The Psychic Nature of Being using slightly different techniques in recording and editing. (wikipedia.org)
- The closest and easiest point of comparison to White/Lichens is Lowe's own Omns album. (cokemachineglow.com)
Infiltrate1
- Lichen planus or lichen planus-like keratosis - The infiltrate does not usually involved eccrine glands and apoptotic keratinocytes are mainly limited to basal epidermis rather than all levels of the epidermis. (dermnetnz.org)
Colorful2
- If you approach this artfully recreated western scene with a little background information about lichens, you might find the colorful cluster of immobile organisms in the bottom right corner just as interesting as the four galloping centerpieces. (carnegiemnh.org)
- Lichens are among the most colorful and abundant organisms in the world. (yale.edu)
Occur1
- Obtain a complete medication history because lichen planus-like eruptions may occur as an allergic reaction to medication for high blood pressure, heart disease, and arthritis. (medscape.com)
Affects3
- Lichen planus mostly affects middle-aged adults. (medlineplus.gov)
- In women, lichen planus often affects the vulva and vagina. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lichen planus affects the nails in up to 10% of cases. (msdmanuals.com)
20001
- Here is a green version of a lichen in 2000 x 1339 px. (naldzgraphics.net)
Thallus1
- Begin by learning how to categorize lichen by thallus growth form. (montananaturalist.org)
Sclerosis1
- Lichen sclerosis has been found in all age groups, but most affected individuals are postmenopausal. (estronaut.com)
Patients2
Nitrogen4
- Lichens, for instance, can teach us about ammonia (nitrogen) pollution. (waag.org)
- With these worksheets participants were able to translate their lichen observations for specific trees into nitrogen values. (waag.org)
- They for instance learned about the opportunities of environmental observations, and in this workshop specifically the link between nitrogen (ammonia) and lichen. (waag.org)
- The nitrogen value calculations in this workshop are based upon studies by the BLWG (Bryologische en Lichenologsiche werkgroep of the KNNV), whose guide has served als information and inspiration for this workshop. (waag.org)
