Lepidium
Lepidium sativum
Brassicaceae
Endosperm
Ipomoea
Myrica
Germination
Nigella sativa
Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid
Plant Extracts
Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) roots on spermatogenesis of male rats. (1/35)
AIM: To determine the effect of oral administration of an aqueous extract from the roots of Lepidium meyenii (maca) on spermatogenesis in adult male rats. METHODS: Male rats received an aqueous extract of the root (66.7 mg in one mL) twice a day for 14 consecutive days. RESULTS: Treatment with Lepidium meyenii resulted in an increase in the weights of testis and epididymis but not the seminal vesicle weight. The length and frequency of stages IX-XIV seminiferous tubules, where mitosis occurred, were increased and stages I-VI were reduced in rats treated with Lepidium meyenii. CONCLUSION: The Lepidium meyenii root invigorates spermatogenesis in male rats by acting on its initial stages (IX-XIV). (+info)Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men. (2/35)
AIM: The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24-44 years old. METHODS: Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with Maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serum hormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca. CONCLUSION: Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2. (+info)The biological and structural similarity between lunularic acid and abscisic acid. (3/35)
Lunularic acid (LA) inhibited not only the germination and the growth of cress and lettuce at 1 mM but also the gibberellic acid (GA3)-induced alpha-amylase induction in embryoless barley seeds at 120 microM, which was recognized as a specific activity of abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover LA and ABA equally inhibited the growth of Lunularia cruciata A18 strain callus at 40 and 120 microM. A computational analysis revealed that the stable conformers of LA could be superimposed on the stable ABA conformers. In addition, the antibody raised against the conjugate of C1-ABA-bovine serum albumin (ABA-BSA) reacted with LA-horse-radish peroxidase (LA-HRP) conjugate as well as ABA-HRP conjugate, apparently. These results can explain why LA has ABA-like activity in higher plants. Moreover the results suggest that LA and ABA bind to the same receptor in higher plants. (+info)Chemoprotective effects of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) and its constituents towards 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-induced genotoxic effects and colonic preneoplastic lesions. (4/35)
The chemoprotective effect of garden cress (GC, Lepidium sativum) and its constituents, glucotropaeolin (GT) and benzylisothiocyanate (BITC), a breakdown product of GT, towards 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ)-induced genotoxic effects and colonic preneoplastic lesions was investigated in single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays and in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) experiments, respectively. Pretreatment of F344 rats with either fresh GC juice (0.8 ml), GT (150 mg/kg) or BITC (70 mg/kg) for three consecutive days caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in IQ (90 mg/kg, 0.2 ml corn oil/animal)-induced DNA damage in colon and liver cells in the range of 75-92%. Chemical analysis of GC juice showed that BITC does not account for the effects of the juice as its concentration in the juice was found to be 1000-fold lower than the dose required to cause a chemoprotective effect. Parallel to the chemoprotection experiments, the modulation of the activities of cytochrome P4501A2, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) by GC juice, GT and BITC was studied. Whereas GT and BITC did not affect the activity of any of the enzymes significantly, GC juice caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activity of hepatic UDPGT-2. In the ACF assay, IQ was administered by gavage on 10 alternating days in corn oil (dose 100 mg/kg). Five days before and during IQ treatment, subgroups received drinking water which contained 5% cress juice. The total number of IQ-induced aberrant crypts and ACF as well as ACF with crypt multiplicity of > or =4 were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in the group that received IQ plus GC juice compared with the group that was fed with IQ only. However, crypt multiplicity was not significantly different in these two groups when all ACF with all classes of crypt multiplicity were considered in the analysis. This is the first report on the inhibition of HA-induced DNA damage and preneoplastic lesions by a cruciferous plant. Our findings suggest that the chemoprotective effect of GC is mediated through enhancement of detoxification of IQ by UDPGT. (+info)Chemical profiling and standardization of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. (5/35)
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is one of the few plants that can be cultivated in the harsh climate of the Andes. Its nutritious hypocotyl is traditionally used as food and medicine, and Maca products are increasingly becoming popular in the western world as tonics. This paper describes the first analytical method allowing the determination of the main macamides and macaenes, the marker compounds of L. meyenii. A separation within 35 min was possible by using a C-12 stationary phase, an acidic mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and water, and raising the column temperature to 40 degrees C. By monitoring the separation at 210 and 280 nm, the markers were detectable as low as 0.40 microg/ml. In order to validate the method, accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and intra/inter day repeatability were determined. The analysis of several commercially available Maca products showed a similar qualitative pattern but significant differences in the quantitative composition. The percentage of total markers in the preparations varied from 0.15 to 0.84%, resulting in daily intakes for the consumer from 1.52 to 14.88 mg, respectively. (+info)Allopolyploidization and evolution of species with reduced floral structures in Lepidium L. (Brassicaceae). (6/35)
Understanding the pattern of speciation in a group of plants is critical for understanding its morphological evolution. Lepidium is the genus with the largest variation in floral structure in Brassicaceae, a family in which the floral ground plan is remarkably stable. However, flowers in more than half of Lepidium species have reduced stamen numbers, and most of these also have reduced petals. The species with reduced flowers are geographically biased, distributed mostly in the Americas and Australia New Zealand. Previous phylogenetic studies using noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA and rDNA internal transcribed spacer were incongruent in most New World species relationships. These data, combined with the presence of many polyploid Lepidium species, implied a reticulate history of the genus but did not provide enough information to infer the evolutionary pattern of flower structures. To address this question more thoroughly, sequences of the first intron of a single copy nuclear gene, PISTILLATA, were determined from 43 species. Phylogenetic analysis of the PI intron suggests that many species in the New World have originated from allopolyploidization, and that this is correlated with floral reduction. Interspecific hybrids were generated to understand why allopolyploidization is associated with reduced flowers. The phenotypes of F1 flowers indicate allelic dominance of the absence of lateral stamens, suggesting that propagation of dominant alleles through interspecific hybridization could account for the abundance of the allopolyploid species without lateral stamens. (+info)Effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a root with aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing properties, on serum reproductive hormone levels in adult healthy men. (7/35)
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is a Peruvian hypocotyl that grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m in the central Andes. Maca is traditionally employed in the Andean region for its supposed aphrodisiac and/or fertility-enhancing properties. This study was a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel trial in which active treatment with different doses of Maca Gelatinizada was compared with a placebo. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that Maca has no effect on serum reproductive hormone levels in apparently healthy men when administered in doses used for aphrodisiac and/or fertility-enhancing properties. Men aged between 21 and 56 Years received 1500 mg or 3000 mg Maca. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and 17-beta estradiol were measured before and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment with placebo or Maca (1.5 g or 3.0 g per day). Data showed that compared with placebo Maca had no effect on any of the hormones studied nor did the hormones show any changes over time. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum testosterone levels were not affected by treatment with Maca at any of the times studied (P, not significant). In conclusion, treatment with Maca does not affect serum reproductive hormone levels. (+info)Effect of alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on testicular function in male rats. (8/35)
AIM: To evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on the spermatogenesis in male rats. METHODS: In Holtzman rats, Maca alcoholic extract (5 %) was given by oral route at doses of 48 mg/day or 96 mg/day for 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. Testicular function was assessed by measurements of lengths of different stages of seminiferous epithelia and by epididymal sperm count. RESULTS: Ethanolic extract of Maca increased the length of stages IX-XI of seminiferous epithelium at treatment day 7, day 14 and day 21. Progression of spermatogenesis was evident only after day 21 when lengths of stages XII-XIV of seminiferous epithelium were increased; at day 7 and day 14, no important change in spermatogenesis was observed. Epididymal sperm count was increased with 48 mg/day at all times. With 96 mg/day an increase in sperm count was observed at day 7, but it was reduced at day 14 and day 21 of treatment. Serum testosterone levels were not affected. CONCLUSION: The alcoholic extract of Maca activates onset ant progression of spermatogenesis at 48 mg/day or 96 mg/day in rats. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lepidium" is not a medical term. It is the genus name of a group of plants that includes garden cress, peppergrass, and other similar herbs. These plants belong to the Brassicaceae family, also known as the mustard family. They have some nutritional and potential medicinal uses, but they are not commonly used in modern medical contexts. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I'd be happy to try to help with those instead!
"Lepidium sativum" is the biological name for a plant species more commonly known as garden cress or pepperwort. While it is primarily used as a leaf vegetable, it has been utilized in traditional medicine in various cultures. However, it's important to note that describing 'Lepidium sativum' as a medical term isn't accurate. Medial definitions typically refer to diseases, conditions, symptoms, or procedures. 'Lepidium sativum' is a plant, and its medicinal uses would be described with terms referring to those specific applications.
Brassicaceae is a scientific family name in the field of botany, which includes a group of plants commonly known as the mustard family or crucifers. This family includes many economically important crops such as broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, brussels sprouts, turnips, radishes, and mustards. The name Brassicaceae comes from the genus Brassica, which includes many of these familiar vegetables.
Plants in this family are characterized by their flowers, which have four petals arranged in a cross-like pattern, hence the common name "crucifers." They also typically have four sepals, six stamens, and two fused carpels that form a fruit called a silique or silicle.
Brassicaceae plants are known for their production of glucosinolates, which are sulfur-containing compounds that give these plants their characteristic pungent or bitter flavors. When the plant tissues are damaged, such as during chewing, the glucosinolates are broken down into isothiocyanates, which have been shown to have potential health benefits, including anti-cancer properties.
Endosperm is a type of tissue found in the seeds of flowering plants, which provides nutrition to the developing embryo. It is formed from the fusion of one sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization in angiosperms (flowering plants). The endosperm can be triploid (having three sets of chromosomes) or sometimes diploid (having two sets of chromosomes), depending on the species.
The endosperm can have different forms and functions across various plant species. In some seeds, it serves as a food storage tissue, accumulating starch, proteins, and lipids that are used up by the embryo during germination and early growth. Examples of such seeds include cereal grains like corn, wheat, rice, and barley, where the endosperm makes up a significant portion of the grain.
In other plants, the endosperm may be absorbed by the developing embryo before seed maturation, leaving only a thin layer called the aleurone layer that surrounds the embryo. This aleurone layer is responsible for producing enzymes during germination, which help in breaking down stored nutrients and making them available to the growing embryo.
Overall, endosperm plays a crucial role in the development and survival of angiosperm seeds, acting as a source of nutrition and energy for the embryo.
"Ipomoea" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of plants in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. These plants are primarily found in tropical and warm temperate regions around the world. Some species of Ipomoea have medicinal uses, but it's important to note that 'Ipomoea' itself is not a medical term or concept.
For instance, one species, Ipomoea batatas, commonly known as sweet potato, has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating wounds and gastrointestinal disorders. However, any medicinal use would refer to the specific plant or extract, not simply the genus name 'Ipomoea'.
As always, if you're considering using any plant or herb for medicinal purposes, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider first to ensure safety and efficacy.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Myrica" is not a medical term. It is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myricaceae, commonly known as bayberries or wax myrtles. The plants have some traditional uses in folk medicine, but there is no widely recognized or established medical definition associated with "Myrica." If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I'd be happy to try and help with those instead!
In the context of medical terminology, "germination" is not typically used as a term to describe a physiological process in humans or animals. It is primarily used in the field of botany to refer to the process by which a seed or spore sprouts and begins to grow into a new plant.
However, if you are referring to the concept of germination in the context of bacterial or viral growth, then it could be defined as:
The process by which bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms become active and start to multiply, often after a period of dormancy or latency. This can occur when the microorganisms encounter favorable conditions, such as moisture, warmth, or nutrients, that allow them to grow and reproduce. In medical contexts, this term is more commonly used in relation to infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms.
"Raphanus" is the genus name for a group of plants that include the common radish. The black radish (*Raphanus sativus* var. *niger*) and the white radish (also known as daikon or *Raphanus sativus* var. *longipinnatus*) are examples of species within this genus. These plants belong to the family Brassicaceae, which also includes vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, and kale. The roots, leaves, and seeds of Raphanus plants have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including as a digestive aid and to treat respiratory conditions. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using these plants or their extracts for medicinal purposes, as they can interact with certain medications and may cause side effects.
"Nigella sativa," also known as black cumin, is not a medical term but a botanical name for a plant that has been used in traditional medicine. The seeds of this plant are used as a spice and have been used in various traditional medicinal systems for their potential health benefits. However, it's important to note that while some studies suggest possible health benefits, more research is needed before any definitive medical claims can be made.
The seeds contain thymoquinone, which has been studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties. However, these studies have primarily been conducted in vitro or on animals, and more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of Nigella sativa in humans for these purposes.
Therefore, it's always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, including the use of Nigella sativa seeds or oil.
Chromatography, supercritical fluid (SFC) is a type of chromatographic technique that uses supercritical fluids as the mobile phase to separate and analyze components of a mixture. A supercritical fluid is a substance that is maintained at temperatures and pressures above its critical point, where it exhibits properties of both a gas and a liquid, making it an ideal medium for separations due to its low viscosity, high diffusivity, and tuneable solvating strength.
In SFC, the supercritical fluid, typically carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its mild critical point conditions, is used to elute analytes from a stationary phase, such as a silica or polymer-based column. The interactions between the analytes and the stationary phase, along with the properties of the supercritical fluid, determine the separation efficiency and resolution of the technique.
SFC has several advantages over traditional liquid chromatography (LC) techniques, including faster analysis times, lower solvent consumption, and the ability to analyze a wider range of polar and nonpolar compounds. SFC is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery and development, as well as in environmental, food, and chemical analyses.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.
It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.
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