Lactobacillaceae
Leuconostocaceae
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillus fermentum
Probiotics
Lactobacillus plantarum
Enterococcus
Lactobacillus
Staphylococcus aureus
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Atypical genetic locus associated with constitutive production of enterocin B by Enterococcus faecium BFE 900. (1/88)
A purified bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium BFE 900 isolated from black olives was shown by Edman degradation and mass spectrometric analyses to be identical to enterocin B produced by E. faecium T136 from meat (P. Casaus, T. Nilsen, L. M. Cintas, I. F. Nes, P. E. Hernandez, and H. Holo, Microbiology 143:2287-2294, 1997). The structural gene was located on a 2.2-kb HindIII fragment and a 12.0-kb EcoRI chromosomal fragment. The genetic characteristics and production of EntB by E. faecium BFE 900 differed from that described so far by the presence of a conserved sequence like a regulatory box upstream of the EntB gene, and its production was constitutive and not regulated. The 2.2-kb chromosomal fragment contained the hitherto undetected immunity gene for EntB in an atypical orientation that is the reverse of that of the structural gene. Typical transport and other genes associated with bacteriocin production were not detected on the 12.0-kb chromosomal fragment containing the EntB structural gene. This makes the EntB genetic system different from most other bacteriocin systems, where transport and possible regulatory genes are clustered. EntB was subcloned and expressed by the dedicated secretion machinery of Carnobacterium piscicola LV17A. The structural gene was amplified by PCR, fused to the divergicin A signal peptide, and expressed by the general secretory pathway in Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433. (+info)Delineation of key amino acid side chains and peptide domains for antimicrobial properties of divercin V41, a pediocin-like bacteriocin secreted by Carnobacterium divergens V41. (2/88)
Divercin V41 (DV41) is a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium divergens V41. This antilisterial peptide is homologous to pediocin PA-1 and contains two disulfide bonds. To establish the structure-activity relationships of this specific family of bacteriocin, chemical modifications and enzymatic hydrolysis were performed on DV41. Alteration of the net charge of this cationic bacteriocin by succinylation and acetylation revealed that, in a certain range, the electrostatic interactions were surprisingly not necessary for the activity of DV41. Cleavage of DV41 by endoproteinase Asp-N released two fragments N1[1-17] and N2[18-43] corresponding to the conserved hydrophilic N-terminal and the variable hydrophobic C-terminal sequences, respectively. Inhibitory assays showed that only the C-terminal fragment was active, and after trypsin cleavage at Lys42 or disulfide reduction it lost its inhibitory activity. These results suggested that both hydrophobicity and folding imposed by the Cys25-Cys43 disulfide bond were essential for antilisterial activity of the C-terminal hydrophobic peptide. Chemical oxidation of tryptophan residues by N-bromosuccinimide demonstrated that these residues were crucial for inhibitory activity since modification of any one of them rendered DV41 inactive. On the contrary, only the modification of all the three tyrosine residues caused a total loss of antilisterial activity. These latter results strengthened previous results suggesting that the N-terminal domain containing the YGNGV consensus sequence was not involved in the binding of DV41 to a potential specific receptor on listerial cells. (+info)Comparison of partial malolactic enzyme gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis of some lactic acid bacteria species and relationships with the malic enzyme. (3/88)
DNA sequences covering 36% of the mle gene that encodes the malolactic enzyme were determined for 13 strains of lactic acid bacteria, representing Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus and Oenococcus genera. The sequences were aligned with the corresponding region of mleS in Lactococcus lactis. The phylogenetic distance matrix tree of all mle sequences was compared with the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree. The analysis showed that the mle fragment evolved more rapidly than the 16S gene and differently. Pediococcus and Lactobacillus species were intermixed in the 16S rRNA tree whereas they were separated in the mle tree. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Oenococcus oeni were distinct from other species in the 16S rRNA tree, whereas they were intermixed with Lactobacillus species and Lactococcus lactis in the mle tree. The amino acid sequences deduced from partial mle genes were aligned with 22 malic enzyme sequences and the corresponding phylogenetic tree was constructed. Malic and malolactic enzymes were distinct at the phylogenetic level, except for malic enzymes of yeast and Escherichia coli which were nearer the malolactic enzymes than the other malic enzymes. The analysis of conserved sites showed several interesting amino acids specific to either malic enzyme or malolactic enzyme. (+info)Carnobacterium inhibens sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). (4/88)
Strain K1T, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), has the capacity to inhibit the growth of the fish pathogens Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida. Strain K1T is a motile Gram-positive psychrophilic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, which does not grow on acetate containing media, but grows at pH 9 and in TSB with up to 6% sodium chloride content. Strain K1T is facultatively anaerobic and tryptone as a sole source of nutrient promotes growth. The most abundant cellular fatty acid of strain K1T is oleic acid (18:1cis9). Based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons, it is suggested that strain K1T is phylogenetically closely related to C. alterfunditum. However, the unique phenotypic attributes of strain K1T suggest that it represents a new species. The name Carnobacterium inhibens is proposed, for which the type strain is K1T (= CCUG 31728T). (+info)Biochemical and phylogenetic analyses of a cold-active beta-galactosidase from the lactic acid bacterium Carnobacterium piscicola BA. (5/88)
We are investigating glycosyl hydrolases from new psychrophilic isolates to examine the adaptations of enzymes to low temperatures. A beta-galactosidase from isolate BA, which we have classified as a strain of the lactic acid bacterium Carnobacterium piscicola, was capable of hydrolyzing the chromogen 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) at 4 degrees C and possessed higher activity in crude cell lysates at 25 than at 37 degrees C. Sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment encoding this activity revealed a gene cluster containing three glycosyl hydrolases with homology to an alpha-galactosidase and two beta-galactosidases. The larger of the two beta-galactosidase genes, bgaB, encoded the 76.8-kDa cold-active enzyme. This gene was homologous to family 42 glycosyl hydrolases, a group which contains several thermophilic enzymes but none from lactic acid bacteria. The bgaB gene from isolate BA was subcloned in Escherichia coli, and its enzyme, BgaB, was purified. The purified enzyme was highly unstable and required 10% glycerol to maintain activity. Its optimal temperature for activity was 30 degrees C, and it was inactivated at 40 degrees C in 10 min. The K(m) of freshly purified enzyme at 30 degrees C was 1.7 mM, and the V(max) was 450 micromol. min(-1). mg(-1) with o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside. This cold-active enzyme is interesting because it is homologous to a thermophilic enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus, and comparisons could provide information about structural features important for activity at low temperatures. (+info)Glycine betaine, carnitine, and choline enhance salinity tolerance and prevent the accumulation of sodium to a level inhibiting growth of Tetragenococcus halophila. (6/88)
Natural-abundance (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance was used to probe the intracellular organic solute content of the moderately halophilic bacterium Tetragenococcus halophila. When grown in complex growth media supplemented or not with NaCl, T. halophila accumulates glycine betaine and carnitine. Unlike other moderate halophiles, T. halophila was not able to produce potent osmoprotectants (such as ectoines and glycine betaine) through de novo synthesis when cultured in defined medium under hyperosmotic constraint. Addition of 2 mM carnitine, glycine betaine, or choline to defined medium improved growth parameters, not only at high salinity (up to 2.5 M NaCl) but also in media lacking NaCl. These compounds were taken up when available in the surrounding medium. The transport activity occurred at low and high salinities and seems to be constitutive. Glycine betaine and carnitine were accumulated by T. halophila in an unmodified form, while exogenously provided choline led to an intracellular accumulation of glycine betaine. This is the first evidence of the existence of a choline-glycine betaine pathway in a lactic acid bacterium. An assay showed that the compatible solutes strikingly repressed the accumulation of glutamate and slightly increased the intracellular potassium level only at high salinity. Interestingly, osmoprotectant-treated cells were able to maintain the intracellular sodium concentration at a relatively constant level (200 to 300 nmol/mg [dry weight]), independent of the NaCl concentration of the medium. In contrast, in the absence of osmoprotectant, the intracellular sodium content increased sharply from 200 to 2,060 nmol/mg (dry weight) when the salinity of the medium was raised from 1 to 2 M. Indeed, the imported compatible solutes play an actual role in regulating the intracellular Na(+) content and confer a much higher salt tolerance to T. halophila. (+info)Characterization of the genetic locus responsible for production and immunity of carnobacteriocin A: the immunity gene confers cross-protection to enterocin B. (7/88)
Carnobacteriocin A (CbnA) is a regulated bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium piscicola LV17A that is encoded on a 72 kb plasmid. A 10.0 kb fragment from this plasmid that contained information necessary for bacteriocin production and immunity was cloned and sequenced. Genetic analysis showed the presence of the previously sequenced structural gene for CbnA, as well as genes encoding proteins homologous to dedicated bacteriocin transport proteins and proteins of three-component signal transduction systems. The induction factor (CbnX) was chemically synthesized and induced CbnA production at 10(-11) M or higher in a C. piscicola LV17A culture that had lost the ability to produce bacteriocin as a result of dilution. The gene cbiA for the immunity protein is not located in typical close proximity to the structural gene for CbnA and is encoded in the opposite orientation. CbiA has homology with EniB, the immunity protein for enterocin B that is also encoded in the opposite orientation to the bacteriocin gene. CbiA and EniB cross-protected against the corresponding bacteriocins. (+info)Translocation of indigenous microflora in an experimental model of sepsis. (8/88)
Translocation of viable bacteria from gut to bloodstream and other sterile body sites during shock has been demonstrated in several experimental and clinical studies. The factors causing translocation and its incidence at different stages of shock are not known. The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of several factors causing translocation of indigenous microflora in an experimental model of septic shock based on intraperitoneal Escherichia coli sepsis in rats. Counts of inoculated E. coli and translocated bacteria in different locations, gut morphology and haematological values were evaluated at different stages of sepsis. Sepsis developed in all animals and E. coli achieved the highest counts in blood 6 h after inoculation. Translocation was commonest at 6 and 12 h after inoculation. Frequently translocating bacteria were lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, bacteroides and peptostreptococci. In early sepsis, translocation was associated with high E. coli counts in blood, yet in late sepsis the opposite correlation was present. Low infiltration by neutrophils in the ileum and decreased mitotic activity in the colon were associated with a high translocation rate. In early sepsis, translocation was associated with low lymphocyte counts, but in late sepsis, with low neutrophil counts. Translocation of bacteria (including anaerobes) that colonise the gut in high counts takes place during sepsis. Putative influencing factors such as activity of the primary disease (bacterial counts in blood), gut morphology or haematological values seem to have different impacts on translocation, depending on the stage of the disease. (+info)Lactobacillaceae is a family of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria. They are non-spore forming and often occur in pairs or chains. Lactobacillaceae are commonly found in various environments such as the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina of humans and animals, as well as in fermented foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, and sourdough bread.
These bacteria are known for their ability to produce lactic acid as a major end product of carbohydrate metabolism, which gives them the name "lactic acid bacteria." They play an essential role in maintaining a healthy microbiota and have been associated with various health benefits, such as improving digestion, enhancing immune function, and preventing harmful bacterial overgrowth.
Some well-known genera within the family Lactobacillaceae include Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella. It is important to note that recent taxonomic revisions have led to some changes in the classification of these bacteria, and some genera previously classified within Lactobacillaceae are now placed in other families within the order Lactobacillales.
Leuconostocaceae is a family of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria within the order Lactobacillales. These bacteria are non-motile, non-spore forming, and often occur in pairs or chains. They are commonly found in a variety of environments including plants, dairy products, and the human gastrointestinal tract. Some species of Leuconostocaceae can cause disease in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. They are known to be involved in food fermentation and are often used in the production of various fermented foods such as sauerkraut, pickles, and certain dairy products.
Lactobacillales is an order of predominantly gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic or aerotolerant, rod-shaped bacteria. They are non-spore forming and often occur in pairs or chains. Lactobacillales are commonly found in various environments such as plants, sewage, dairy products, and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of humans and animals.
They are known for their ability to produce lactic acid as a major metabolic end product, hence the name "lactic acid bacteria." This characteristic makes them essential in food fermentation processes, including the production of yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods.
Within Lactobacillales, there are several families, including Aerococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, and Streptococcaceae. Many species within these families have significant roles in human health and disease, either as beneficial probiotics or as pathogenic agents causing various types of infections.
Lactobacillus fermentum is a species of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the lactic acid bacteria group. It is commonly found in various environments such as plant material, dairy products, and the human gastrointestinal tract.
Lactobacillus fermentum is known for its ability to produce lactic acid through the fermentation of carbohydrates, which can help lower the pH of the environment and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. It also produces various antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins, which can further contribute to its probiotic properties.
Lactobacillus fermentum has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to enhance immune function, improve gut health, and reduce symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is also being investigated for its potential role in preventing urogenital infections and reducing the risk of certain types of cancer.
However, it's important to note that while some studies suggest potential health benefits of Lactobacillus fermentum, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and safety profile. As with any probiotic supplement, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before taking Lactobacillus fermentum or any other probiotics.
Probiotics are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host." They are often referred to as "good" or "friendly" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy. Probiotics are naturally found in certain foods such as fermented foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, and some cheeses, or they can be taken as dietary supplements.
The most common groups of probiotics are lactic acid bacteria (like Lactobacillus) and bifidobacteria. They can help restore the balance of bacteria in your gut when it's been disrupted by things like illness, medication (such as antibiotics), or poor diet. Probiotics have been studied for their potential benefits in a variety of health conditions, including digestive issues, skin conditions, and even mental health disorders, although more research is needed to fully understand their effects and optimal uses.
Lactobacillus plantarum is a species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the lactic acid bacteria group. It is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. Lactobacillus plantarum is commonly found in a variety of environments, including fermented foods such as sauerkraut, kimchi, and sourdough bread, as well as in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals.
Lactobacillus plantarum is known for its ability to produce lactic acid through the fermentation of carbohydrates, which can help to preserve food and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. It also produces various antimicrobial compounds that can help to protect against pathogens in the gut.
In addition to its use in food preservation and fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum has been studied for its potential probiotic benefits. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are believed to provide health benefits when consumed, including improving digestive health, enhancing the immune system, and reducing the risk of certain diseases.
Research has suggested that Lactobacillus plantarum may have a range of potential health benefits, including:
* Improving gut barrier function and reducing inflammation in the gut
* Enhancing the immune system and reducing the risk of infections
* Alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other gastrointestinal disorders
* Reducing the risk of allergies and asthma
* Improving oral health by reducing plaque and preventing tooth decay
However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum and to determine its safety and effectiveness as a probiotic supplement.
Enterococcus is a genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. They are part of the normal gut microbiota but can also cause a variety of infections, particularly in hospital settings. Enterococci are known for their ability to survive in harsh environments and can be resistant to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat. Some species, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are more commonly associated with human infections.
In medical terms, an "Enterococcus infection" refers to an infection caused by any species of the Enterococcus genus. These infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the urinary tract, bloodstream, and abdominal cavity. They can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, and pain, depending on the location of the infection. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Enterococcus species, although resistance to multiple antibiotics is a growing concern.
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic, non-spore-forming bacteria. They are part of the normal flora found in the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts of humans and other animals. Lactobacilli are also commonly found in some fermented foods, such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and sourdough bread.
Lactobacilli are known for their ability to produce lactic acid through the fermentation of sugars, which contributes to their role in maintaining a healthy microbiota and lowering the pH in various environments. Some species of Lactobacillus have been shown to provide health benefits, such as improving digestion, enhancing immune function, and preventing infections, particularly in the urogenital and intestinal tracts. They are often used as probiotics, either in food or supplement form, to promote a balanced microbiome and support overall health.
Staphylococcus aureus is a type of gram-positive, round (coccal) bacterium that is commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals and humans. It is a facultative anaerobe, which means it can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.
Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause a wide range of infections, from mild skin infections such as pimples, impetigo, and furuncles (boils) to more severe and potentially life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. It can also cause food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.
The bacterium is often resistant to multiple antibiotics, including methicillin, which has led to the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that are difficult to treat. Proper hand hygiene and infection control practices are critical in preventing the spread of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA.
Antimicrobial cationic peptides (ACPs) are a group of small, naturally occurring peptides that possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. They are called "cationic" because they contain positively charged amino acid residues (such as lysine and arginine), which allow them to interact with and disrupt the negatively charged membranes of microbial cells.
ACPs are produced by a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants, as part of their innate immune response to infection. They play an important role in protecting the host from invading pathogens by directly killing them or inhibiting their growth.
The antimicrobial activity of ACPs is thought to be mediated by their ability to disrupt the membranes of microbial cells, leading to leakage of cellular contents and death. Some ACPs may also have intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesis, that contribute to their antimicrobial activity.
ACPs are being studied for their potential use as therapeutic agents to treat infectious diseases, particularly those caused by drug-resistant bacteria. However, their clinical application is still in the early stages of development due to concerns about their potential toxicity to host cells and the emergence of resistance mechanisms in microbial pathogens.
Lactobacillaceae
List of long species names
Secundilactobacillus collinoides
Lactobacillus
Secundilactobacillus kimchicus
Lentilactobacillus buchneri
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Apilactobacillus
Bacillus coagulans
Microbiome in the Drosophila gut
Oenococcus
Leuconostoc
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
Pediococcus
Lactobacillus L. anticaries
Sourdough
Fructilactobacillus fructivorans
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis
Lacticaseibacillus casei
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
Lactobacillus thermophilus
Weissella
Paucilactobacillus wasatchensis
Dellaglioa algida
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Fructilactobacillus
Loigolactobacillus
Convivina intestini
Amylolactobacillus
Lentilactobacillus
Lactobacillaceae - Wikipedia
NihR: Lactobacillaceae
TagR: Lactobacillaceae
Application - Synbiotic discovery: tributyrin & Lactobacillaceae
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Lactobacillus1
- Lactobacillaceae is a large family that includes Lactobacillus acidopholous (the "culture" or bacteria used to make yogurt). (mofga.org)
Bacteria7
- The Lactobacillaceae are a family of lactic acid bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- The Lactobacillaceae are also the only family of the lactic acid bacteria which does not include pathogenic or opportunistic pathogenic organisms although some species, particularly Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Weissella spp. (wikipedia.org)
- With the exception of Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Tetragenococcus halophilus, most food fermenting lactic acid bacteria are now classified in the Lactobacillaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- The grandfathered term lactobacilli refers to all bacteria classified in Lactobacillaceae prior to 2020, i.e. (wikipedia.org)
- While the vagina-associated Lactobacillaceae bacteria is found pretty widely in women's restrooms, when it comes to urine contamination, you're fine. (vice.com)
- Older people had more bacteria from the families Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and genus Bacteroides, "and those are all groups of bacteria that can cause disease in humans," says Heidi J. Zapata, an infectious disease specialist and immunologist at the Yale School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study. (3quarksdaily.com)
- I will also present our progress investigating how metal ions affect growth and cell interactions of the Lactobacillaceae family of bacteria, which are crucial members of the gut microbiota. (duke.edu)
Genus2
- in the Lactobacillaceae, the pathway used for hexose fermentation is a genus-specific trait. (wikipedia.org)
- Our results suggest that the genus Bombella was substantially dominant in larvae, while the genera Gillamella , unidentified Lactobacillaceae , and Snodgrassella were significantly dominant in adult bees. (biorxiv.org)
Family1
- JCM 5867 is a mesophilic bacterium of the family Lactobacillaceae. (dsmz.de)
Abundance4
- Triclosan exposure also led to increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the gut. (cdc.gov)
- In Experiment 5, inoculation increased the relative abundance (RA) of Lactobacillaceae and reduced the RA of Enterobacteriaceae and Leuconostocaceae in HMC at 30 and 90 d and the RA of Clostridiaceae in non-air-stressed HMC at 90 d. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, changes in dietary metal intake, such as for zinc and iron, are frequently correlated with changes in abundance of Lactobacillaceae. (bvsalud.org)
- A decreased abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae as well as an increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Veillonellaceae and Dorea were the most frequently reported changes among NAFLD patients in 4/13, 5/13, 4/13, 2/13, and 3/13 studies, respectively. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Leuconostocaceae1
- In 2020 Leuconostocaceae was synonymized with Lactobacillaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Familia1
- Familia de BACTERIAS GRAMPOSITIVAS que se encuentran habitualmente en la boca y el TUBO DIGESTIVO del hombre y de otros ANIMALES, en los ALIMENTOS y PRODUCTOS LÁCTEOS y en jugos fermentados de VEGETALES. (bvsalud.org)
Prevotellaceae1
- Specifically, bacterial families that have been traditionally associated with positive outcomes, such as Lactobacillaceae and Prevotellaceae, were decreased. (renalfellow.org)
Genera2
- Here we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify and compare predicted zinc uptake and efflux proteins in several Lactobacillaceae genera of intestinal relevance. (bvsalud.org)
- P-type ATPase transporters are probably also common and some Lactobacillaceae genera code for predicted zinc efflux cation diffusion facilitators. (bvsalud.org)
Homeostasis1
- Few studies have explored zinc requirements and zinc homeostasis mechanisms in Lactobacillaceae, however. (bvsalud.org)