Iraq
Afghan Campaign 2001-
Gulf War
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
Afghanistan
Persian Gulf Syndrome
War Crimes
Military Medicine
Hospitals, Military
American Civil War
Blast Injuries
Korean War
Torture
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Explanations for the increase in mental health problems in UK reserve forces who have served in Iraq. (1/204)
BACKGROUND: Deployment to the 2003 Iraq War was associated with ill health in reserve armed forces personnel. AIMS: To investigate reasons for the excess of ill health in reservists. METHOD: UK personnel who were deployed to the 2003 Iraq War completed a health survey about experiences on deployment to Iraq. Health status was measured using self-report of common mental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fatigue, physical symptoms and well-being. RESULTS: Reservists were older and of higher rank than the regular forces. They reported higher exposure to traumatic experiences, lower unit cohesion, more problems adjusting to homecoming and lower marital satisfaction. Most health outcomes could be explained by role, experience of traumatic events or unit cohesion in theatre. PTSD symptoms were the one exception and were paradoxically most powerfully affected by differences in problems at home rather than events in Iraq. CONCLUSIONS: The increased ill-health of reservists appears to be due to experiences on deployment and difficulties with homecoming. (+info)Pain and combat injuries in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: implications for research and practice. (2/204)
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) have resulted in a growing number of seriously injured soldiers who are evacuated to the United States for comprehensive medical care. Trauma-related pain is an almost universal problem among these war-injured soldiers, and several military and Department of Veterans Affairs initiatives have been implemented to enhance pain care across the continuum of medical services. This article describes several innovative approaches for improving the pain care provided to OEF and OIF military personnel during acute stabilization, transport, medical-surgical treatment, and rehabilitation and presents summary data characterizing the soldiers, pain management services provided, and associated outcomes. We also identify some of the pain assessment, classification, and treatment challenges emerging from work with this population and provide recommendations for future research and practice priorities. (+info)Deployment-related stress and trauma in Dutch soldiers returning from Iraq. Prospective study. (3/204)
BACKGROUND: Some questionnaire studies have shown increased mental health problems, including probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in soldiers deployed to Iraq. AIMS: To test prospectively whether such problems change over time and whether questionnaires provide accurate estimates of deployment-related PTSD compared with a clinical interview. METHODS: Dutch infantry troops from three cohorts completed questionnaires before deployment to Iraq (n=479), and about 5 months (n=382, 80%) and 15 months (n=331, 69%) thereafter. Post-traumatic stress disorder was evaluated by questionnaire and clinical interview. RESULTS: There were no group changes for general distress symptoms. The rates of PTSD for each cohort were 21, 4 and 6% based on questionnaires at 5 months. The deployment-related rates of PTSD based on the clinical interview were 4, 3 and 3%. CONCLUSIONS: There was a specific effect of deployment on mental health for a small minority. Questionnaires eliciting stress symptoms gave substantial overestimations of the rate of PTSD. (+info)Using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to understand challenges in community reintegration of injured veterans. (4/204)
This pilot study used the framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to understand the challenges faced by Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans as they reintegrate into the community. We conducted semistructured interviews with 14 injured veterans, 12 caregivers, and 14 clinicians. We used ICF taxonomy to code data and identify issues. We identified challenges in the following ICF domains: learning and applying knowledge; general tasks and demands; communication; mobility; self-care; domestic life; interpersonal interactions, major life areas; and community, social, and civic life. We found many similarities between the challenges faced by veterans with and without polytraumatic injuries, although veterans with polytraumatic injuries faced challenges of greater magnitude. Identifying community reintegration challenges early and promoting reintegration are important mandates for the Department of Veterans Affairs. The findings of this study are useful in understanding the needs of OEF/OIF veterans. (+info)Neural systems for executive and emotional processing are modulated by symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq War veterans. (5/204)
The symptom-provocation paradigms generally used in neuroimaging studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have placed high demands on emotion processing but lacked cognitive processing, thereby limiting the ability to assess alterations in neural systems that subserve executive functions and their interactions with emotion processing. Thirty-nine veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while exposed to emotional combat-related and neutral civilian scenes interleaved with an executive processing task. Contrast activation maps were regressed against PTSD symptoms as measured by the Davidson Trauma Scale. Activation for emotional compared with neutral stimuli was highly positively correlated with level of PTSD symptoms in ventral frontolimbic regions, notably the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and ventral anterior cingulate gyrus. Conversely, activation for the executive task was negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms in the dorsal executive network, notably the middle frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. Thus, there is a strong link between the subjectively assessed behavioral phenomenology of PTSD and objective neurobiological markers. These findings extend the largely symptom provocation-based functional neuroanatomy to provide evidence that interrelated executive and emotional processing systems of the brain are differentially affected by PTSD symptomatology in recently deployed war veterans. (+info)Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder among UK Armed Forces personnel. (6/204)
(+info)Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. Soldiers returning from Iraq. (7/204)
(+info)Getting beyond "Don't ask; don't tell": an evaluation of US Veterans Administration postdeployment mental health screening of veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. (8/204)
(+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Iraq" is not a medical term. It is a country located in the Middle East. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
The Iraq War (2003-2011) is not a medical term or concept. It refers to a military intervention and subsequent occupation of Iraq by the United States and its allies, which began on March 20, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by U.S.-led forces. The stated reasons for the invasion included the presence of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq, which were never found, and the alleged links between the government of Saddam Hussein and terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda, which were also not substantiated.
However, it is worth noting that the Iraq War had significant medical and public health consequences for both the Iraqi population and U.S. military personnel. The conflict resulted in widespread destruction of infrastructure, displacement of civilians, and a breakdown of healthcare services, leading to increased rates of infectious diseases, malnutrition, and mental health disorders among Iraqis. Additionally, U.S. soldiers were exposed to various health hazards during their deployment, including traumatic brain injuries, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and exposure to toxic substances such as burn pits.
Therefore, while the term "Iraq War, 2003-2011" is not a medical definition, it does have important implications for medical research, practice, and policy related to military conflicts and their health impacts.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "war" is not a medical term. It refers to a state of armed conflict between different nations or states or between political or social groups, usually with large-scale violence and loss of life. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Military Personnel" is not a medical term. It refers to individuals who serve in the military forces of a country, including the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Medical terms typically refer to specific conditions, diagnoses, treatments, or anatomical features related to healthcare. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify!
Combat disorders are a category of mental health conditions that can occur in military personnel as a result of their experiences during combat. These disorders can include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorders, among others. Combat disorders may be caused by exposure to traumatic events, such as experiencing or witnessing combat, the threat of death or serious injury, or the loss of fellow soldiers. Symptoms can include flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, difficulty sleeping, irritability, and feelings of detachment or numbness. Treatment for combat disorders typically involves a combination of medication and therapy.
The "Afghan Campaign" is a term commonly used to refer to the military intervention and ongoing efforts in Afghanistan, led by the United States and NATO forces, which began in October 2001. The campaign was launched in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, with the primary objective of defeating al-Qaeda and removing the Taliban regime that had provided them safe haven.
The military intervention, known as Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), started with airstrikes against al-Qaeda and Taliban targets in Afghanistan. The ground invasion followed, led by the United States and supported by coalition forces from various countries, including NATO members. The initial success of the campaign resulted in the overthrow of the Taliban regime and the establishment of a new government in Afghanistan.
However, despite the initial victory, the situation in Afghanistan has remained volatile due to the ongoing insurgency led by the resurgent Taliban and other militant groups. The mission in Afghanistan has evolved over time, with the focus shifting from combat operations to training and advising Afghan security forces, counterinsurgency, and counterterrorism efforts.
The "Afghan Campaign" is also referred to as the "War in Afghanistan," and it represents one of the longest military conflicts in United States history. The campaign has involved various phases, including Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Freedom's Sentinel (OFS), and NATO's Resolute Support Mission (RSM).
The medical aspects of the Afghan Campaign have been significant, with thousands of coalition forces injured or killed during the conflict. Additionally, the campaign has had a substantial impact on the healthcare system in Afghanistan, as well as the overall health and well-being of its population. The ongoing efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure, train medical personnel, and provide essential services to the Afghan people remain an important part of the broader mission in the region.
"Gulf War" is not a medical term per se, but it does refer to a specific historical conflict with significant medical and health implications. Officially known as the Persian Gulf War, it was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. The war lasted from August 1990 to February 1991.
Medically, the term "Gulf War veterans" or "Gulf War illness" is used to describe a range of chronic symptoms and health conditions reported by veterans of this conflict. These symptoms can include fatigue, headaches, memory and concentration problems, muscle and joint pain, neurological issues, and other unexplained medical disorders. The exact cause of these conditions is still a subject of ongoing research and debate, with possible factors including exposure to depleted uranium, pesticides, nerve agents, and other chemical compounds during the war.
A "Veteran" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used to describe individuals who have served in the military. Specifically, in the United States, a veteran is defined as a person who has served in the armed forces of the country and was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable. This definition can include those who served in war time or peace time. The term "veteran" does not imply any specific medical condition or diagnosis. However, veterans may have unique health needs and challenges related to their military service, such as exposure to hazardous materials, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other physical and mental health conditions.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, serious accident, war combat, rape, or violent personal assault. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), PTSD is characterized by the following symptoms, which must last for more than one month:
1. Intrusion symptoms: These include distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, or intense psychological distress or reactivity to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
2. Avoidance symptoms: Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, including thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, or people.
3. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood: This includes negative beliefs about oneself, others, or the world; distorted blame of self or others for causing the trauma; persistent negative emotional state; decreased interest in significant activities; and feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: This includes irritable behavior and angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, problems with concentration, and sleep disturbance.
5. Duration of symptoms: The symptoms must last for more than one month.
6. Functional significance: The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
It is essential to note that PTSD can occur at any age and can be accompanied by various physical and mental health problems, such as depression, substance abuse, memory problems, and other difficulties in cognition. Appropriate treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, can significantly improve the symptoms and overall quality of life for individuals with PTSD.
'Afghanistan' is a country and not a medical term or condition. It is located in Central Asia and is bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, and the Arabian Sea. The country has a complex history with ongoing political and security challenges. If you are looking for information related to medical tourism or healthcare in Afghanistan, I can provide some general insights. However, please note that the medical facilities and services in Afghanistan may not be comparable to those in developed countries due to various factors such as infrastructure, resources, and expertise.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Persian Gulf Syndrome" is not a widely recognized or officially defined medical condition. The term has been used informally to describe various nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive problems, and muscle pain reported by some military personnel who served in the Persian Gulf region. However, these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different factors, so it's not clear that they are related to service in the Persian Gulf.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recognizes "Persian Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses" as a category of unexplained illnesses that some veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War experience. This includes conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and functional gastrointestinal disorders, among others. But it's important to note that these are recognized diseases with specific diagnostic criteria, not a single syndrome.
If you or someone else is experiencing persistent health issues that may be related to military service, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider. They can provide a thorough evaluation and help determine if the symptoms are related to service or some other cause.
I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term "war crimes" is a legal concept and does not fall under the category of medical definitions. War crimes are serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in armed conflicts. They include acts such as deliberate attacks on civilians or civilian infrastructure, torture, hostage-taking, and the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury.
If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them!
"Military medicine" is a specific branch of medical practice that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and injuries in military populations. It encompasses the provision of healthcare services to military personnel, both in peacetime and during times of conflict or emergency situations. This may include providing care in combat zones, managing mass casualties, delivering preventive medicine programs, conducting medical research, and providing medical support during peacekeeping missions and humanitarian assistance efforts. Military medicine also places a strong emphasis on the development and use of specialized equipment, techniques, and protocols to ensure the best possible medical care for military personnel in challenging environments.
"Military hospitals" are healthcare facilities that are operated by the military or armed forces of a country. They provide medical care and treatment for active duty military personnel, veterans, and at times, their families. These hospitals can be located within military bases or installations, or they may be deployed in field settings during military operations or humanitarian missions. Military hospitals are staffed with healthcare professionals who have received additional training in military medicine and are responsible for providing a range of medical services, including emergency care, surgery, rehabilitation, and mental health services. They also often conduct research in military medicine and trauma care.
The American Civil War (1861-1865) was a significant military conflict in the United States, primarily fought over the issue of slavery and its expansion into the western territories. The war was waged between the Northern states (known as the Union) and the Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own government, known as the Confederacy.
The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln, was committed to preserving the country's unity and ending slavery, while the Confederacy, led by President Jefferson Davis, aimed to preserve its agrarian-based economy, social system, and states' rights, including the right to own slaves.
The war resulted in a Union victory, the abolition of slavery with the 13th Amendment, and the reunification of the country. However, it also left deep scars on the nation, causing significant loss of life, property damage, and social unrest that would take decades to heal.
Blast injuries are traumas that result from the exposure to blast overpressure waves, typically generated by explosions. These injuries can be categorized into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injuries.
1. Primary Blast Injuries: These occur due to the direct effect of the blast wave on the body, which can cause barotrauma to organs with air-filled spaces such as the lungs, middle ear, and gastrointestinal tract. This can lead to conditions like pulmonary contusion, traumatic rupture of the eardrums, or bowel perforation.
2. Secondary Blast Injuries: These result from flying debris or objects that become projectiles due to the blast, which can cause penetrating trauma or blunt force injuries.
3. Tertiary Blast Injuries: These occur when individuals are thrown by the blast wind against solid structures or the ground, resulting in blunt force trauma, fractures, and head injuries.
4. Quaternary Blast Injuries: This category includes all other injuries or illnesses that are not classified under primary, secondary, or tertiary blast injuries. These may include burns, crush injuries, inhalation of toxic fumes, or psychological trauma.
It is important to note that blast injuries can be complex and often involve a combination of these categories, requiring comprehensive medical evaluation and management.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Korean War" is a historical event rather than a medical term or condition. It refers to the conflict that took place from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (supported by the United Nations, with the United States as the principal force). The war resulted in significant casualties and had global political implications. If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those!
Torture is not typically defined in medical terms, but it is recognized as a severe violation of human rights by the World Medical Association (WMA), the United Nations (UN), and other international bodies. The UN defines torture as:
"any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions."
The WMA's Declaration of Tokyo states that "physicians shall not countenance, condone or participate in the practice of torture or other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" and defines torture as "the deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting alone or on behalf of others."
Medical professionals play a critical role in identifying, documenting, and reporting torture, as well as providing care and support to survivors.
Bosnia-Herzegovina is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeastern Europe, bordered by Croatia to the north and west, Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the south. The country has a population of approximately 3.5 million people and is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and natural beauty.
Bosnia-Herzegovina is made up of two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, as well as the Brčko District, which is a self-governing administrative unit. The country has a complex political system with a three-member presidency, consisting of one member from each of the three main ethnic groups: Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs.
Bosnia-Herzegovina has faced significant challenges since the end of the Bosnian War in 1995, including political instability, economic underdevelopment, and high levels of corruption. Despite these challenges, the country is working towards greater integration with European institutions and has made progress in areas such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development.
Veterans Health, also known as Veterans Medical Care, refers to the healthcare services and benefits provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the United States. The VA operates one of the largest healthcare systems in the country, providing comprehensive medical care to eligible veterans. This includes hospital care, outpatient care, and long-term care, as well as mental health services, home health care, and geriatric and extended care services. Eligibility for VA healthcare is based on a variety of factors, including military service history, discharge status, income, and other criteria. The mission of Veterans Health is to provide high-quality, compassionate care to veterans in recognition of their service to the nation.
Squatting in Iraq
Premiership of John Major
Fourth Air Force
Hearts and minds (Iraq)
Liberal Party of Canada
John Roberts (writer)
Numbered Air Force
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
Combatants of the Iraq War
The Zakat Foundation
Mosul Museum
Joshua Davis (writer)
List of bombings during the Iraq War
James T. Conway
Christopher Hitchens bibliography
American exceptionalism
Carl Frederick Mengeling
Combat Action Badge
Environmental impact of Gulf wars
Law collective
8th Engineer Battalion (United States)
Military history of Iran
Women in the United States Navy
Kata'ib Hezbollah
Iran-Iraq War
Timeline of the Iraq War
Assyrians in Iraq
Women in the United States Marine Corps
Criticism of United States foreign policy
Terry McCreary
Browse Books: History / Wars & Conflicts / Iraq War (2003-2011) | Bookworks
Browse Books: History / Wars & Conflicts / Iraq War (2003-2011) | The Rediscovered Bookshop
Iraq War (2003-2011) (Meeting) - Ipswich Libraries
Squatting in Iraq - Wikipedia
Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Custody in Iraq and Afghanistan, by Hina Shamsi et al. | The Online Books Page
Iraq War - Event - Reason in Revolt
Luminous-Lint
Browse Books: History / Wars & Conflicts / Iraq War (2003-2011) | Politics and Prose Bookstore
Business in War Zones: How Companies Promote Peace in Iraq | SpringerLink
July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike - Wikipedia
2003 Iraq War - Wikispooks
Shawn Russell Stenberg Collection | Library of Congress
Christopher A. DuBois Collection | Library of Congress
PolitiFact | Joe Biden falsely claims that he immediately opposed Iraq War
Mortality in Iraq associated with the 2003-2011 war and occupation: findings from a national cluster sample survey by the...
TeachingBooks | Author & Book Resources to Support Reading Education
Muted ceremony marks end of Iraq war | CNN
Liberal Party of Canada - Wikipedia
Luminous-Lint
The Story of the USS Pension Fiasco
Veterans react to end of Iraq, Afghan wars - UNF Spinnaker
EFFECT OF THE APOE ε4 ALLELE AND COMBAT EXPOSURE ON PTSD AMONG IRAQ/AFGHANISTAN-ERA VETERANS.
Hypothesis
Urban Operations Main | Small Wars Journal
Audacity of Hope: Inside Report Aboard U.S. Ship's Dramatic Challenge to Greek Ban on Gaza Flotilla | Democracy Now!
Iraq War | Page 2 | socialist.ca
Top Ten Ways that Libya 2011 is Not Iraq 2003
The War Impact: How Global Conflicts Shape Gold Prices - MFEA
Update: The Iraq War Ledger - Center for American Progress
When Boats Brought Hope to Gaza
Invasion16
- following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, rent controls were dismantled and many people were evicted and began to squat, illegally connecting to electricity and sanitation. (wikipedia.org)
- The 2003 Iraq War was an invasion of Iraq by the US and its allies. (wikispooks.com)
- The invasion was not a resource war for oil , but a last-ditch way to destroy the country's alleged weapons of mass destruction" and an act of humanitarian intervention . (wikispooks.com)
- When the invasion was launched Iraq had been linked by an incessant drum-beat of propaganda in the commercially-controlled media to the attacks of 9/11 . (wikispooks.com)
- Operation Mass Appeal was a disinformation programme started in the late 1990s to facilitate later invasion of Iraq . (wikispooks.com)
- In 2004 Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill came forward and explained on the CBS News program 60 Minutes, [6] [7] that the Bush Administration began laying plans for an invasion of Iraq within days of President Bush's inauguration in January of 2001. (wikispooks.com)
- On July 12, 2007, a series of air-to-ground attacks were conducted by a team of two U.S. AH-64 Apache helicopters in Al-Amin al-Thaniyah , New Baghdad , during the Iraqi insurgency which followed the invasion of Iraq . (wikipedia.org)
- No one knows how many Iraqis have been killed since March 2003, but the independent public database Iraq Body Count has compiled reports of more than 150,000 between the invasion and October 2010, with four out of five dead being civilians. (cnn.com)
- The Iraq invasion was sold to the American public on the basis of Saddam Hussein's supposed possession of weapons of mass destruction and his alleged relationship with Al Qaeda. (americanprogress.org)
- This is why it is important to draw the correct lessons from our nation's invasion of Iraq. (americanprogress.org)
- Tony Blair should be "dragged in shackles" to court as a war criminal, according to the father of a son who was killed in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. (independent.co.uk)
- Jack Straw, who served as Foreign Secretary at the time of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, said the delay in the publication of the report was nothing to do with witnesses to the inquiry and said he shared the families' frustration at the delay. (independent.co.uk)
- In 2022, Bush sheepishly admitted that the Iraq invasion was "unjustified and brutal. (caglecartoons.com)
- In the jihadist movement there have been many small tipping points, including the USSR invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, and the Syrian civil war of 2011-each of which mobilized a new generation of fighters. (nybooks.com)
- This continued violence succeeds the almost nine-year U.S. military occupation of Iraq, following a 2003 invasion the U.N. explicitly declared to be illegal . (salon.com)
- Many of us opposed the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the failed invasion of Afghanistan, and I opposed the bombing of Libya in 2011. (julianlewis.net)
20025
- The intelligence and facts are being fixed around the policy", said Richard Dearlove , then head of MI6 , at a meeting in Downing Street of Tony Blair 's war cabinet on 23 July 2002. (wikispooks.com)
- In October 2002, then-U.S. Sen. Biden voted in favor of a resolution that authorized Bush to enforce ''all relevant'' United Nations Security Council resolutions on Iraq and if needed, to use military force against Iraq. (politifact.com)
- Although the Saddam Hussein regime had massacred people in the 1980s and early 1990s, nothing was going on in 2002-2003 that would have required international intervention. (juancole.com)
- The Arab League met in 2002 and expressed opposition to a war on Iraq. (juancole.com)
- 10. Iraq in 2002-3 no longer posed a credible threat to its neighbors. (juancole.com)
Tony Blair8
- On 3 February 2003 , as the drums of war on Iraq were rising in tempo and volume, the UK Government under Tony Blair released a document entitled "Iraq: Its Infrastructure of Concealment, Deception and Intimidation", supposedly based on high level intelligence. (wikispooks.com)
- Together with the British government under Tony Blair, they argued that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction that could reach NATO outposts in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea within 45 minutes. (rosalux.de)
- Yes I'd like to see Tony Blair dragged in shackles off to court as a war criminal because we have to bear in mind 180 British service personnel were killed here, over 3,500 wounded, two million Iraqis fled Iraq, over 100,000 innocent Iraqis have been killed. (independent.co.uk)
- Tony Blair asks defence officials to outline options for UK participation in military action against Iraq. (independent.co.uk)
- Gangster Trump has justified the assassinations on the basis of non-specific and non-disclosed security threats against Americans, this being reminiscent of George W. Bush's (false) assertions (backed by UK PM Tony Blair and Australia's PM John Howard) in 2003 about Iraqi possession of (actually non-existent) "Weapons of Mass Destruction" (WMD). (just-international.org)
- Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, who supported the illegal war, has admitted that it was a primary factor in fueling the rise of ISIS, which the U.N. report says is carrying out crimes against humanity and likely even genocide. (salon.com)
- This is the shadow of the Iraq decision, where Tony Blair did, in fact, consult Parliament before we went to war. (julianlewis.net)
- And the giant precedent here is Tony Blair and the beginning of the Iraq war in 2003. (julianlewis.net)
20171
- The Wikipedia infobox up to July 2017 used to declare the war to be "Part of the War on Terror ", [2] but did not elaborate. (wikispooks.com)
Iraqi20
- During the Iraqi civil war (2006-2008), sectarian tensions between Shiite and Sunni Muslims led to more displacement of people and consequent squatting, which the government said it would not tolerate. (wikipedia.org)
- Among the group were two Iraqi war correspondents working for Reuters , Saeed Chmagh and Namir Noor-Eldeen . (wikipedia.org)
- CNN interviewed Biden on March 19, 2003, as U.S.-led troops pushed closer to the Iraqi border. (politifact.com)
- The quiet ceremony, under a bright Iraqi sun, was the opposite of the nighttime "shock and awe" bombardment of Baghdad that launched the war against Saddam Hussein in March 2003. (cnn.com)
- Iraqi flags wave as U.S. soldiers leave Al Faw palace at Camp Victory, one of the last American bases in Iraq, after a special ceremony in Baghdad, Thursday, December 1, 2011. (americanprogress.org)
- Still, the end of former Iraq President Saddam Hussein's brutal regime represents a considerable global good, and a nascent democratic Iraqi republic partnered with the United States could potentially yield benefits in the future. (americanprogress.org)
- But when weighing those possible benefits against the costs of the Iraq intervention, there is simply no conceivable calculus by which Operation Iraqi Freedom can be judged to have been a successful or worthwhile policy. (americanprogress.org)
- The sectarian remaking of the Iraqi body politic, which excluded the older political establishment largely recruited from the Sunni minority from administrative positions, helped to feed a bloody civil war. (socialistproject.ca)
- Following the US assassination of Iranian General Qassem Soleimani and Shiite Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis at Baghdad International Airport, the Iraqi PM, the Iraqi Parliament Speaker and the Iraqi Parliament have demanded that the US Alliance forces leave Iraq. (just-international.org)
- The US, UK, Australia, Canada and Germany have rejected the Iraqi Parliament's Quit Iraq demand, with the US threatening to instantly collapse the Iraqi economy by a banking freeze if Iraq insists on US Alliance withdrawal from its territory. (just-international.org)
- 1). US Alliance violates Iraqi sovereignty and rejects the Iraqi Parliament's Quit Iraq demand. (just-international.org)
- Leading Iraqi Shiite politician and Iraqi PM Abdul Mahdi stated (3 January 2020): "The assassination of an Iraqi military commander is an aggression on Iraq as a state, government and people" [1]. (just-international.org)
- Iraq's Speaker of Parliament, Mohammed al-Halbousi (Iraq's leading Sunni Arab politician) condemned the US assassinations as a violation of Iraqi sovereignty (4 January 2020): "Put an end to U.S. presence [in Iraq]… Yesterday's targeting of a military commander in Iraq's armed forces near Baghdad international airport is a flagrant breach of sovereignty and violation of international agreements. (just-international.org)
- The Iraqi Parliament passed the following resolution (5 January 2020): "The government commits to revoke its request for assistance from the international coalition fighting Islamic State due to the end of military operations in Iraq and the achievement of victory. (just-international.org)
- The Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul-Mahdi protested continuing violations of Iraqi sovereignty by the Americans in a phone call to US Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, the Iraq PM's office stating (9 January 2020): "The prime minister said American forces had entered Iraq and drones are flying in its airspace without permission from Iraqi authorities, and this was a violation of the bilateral agreements" [4]. (just-international.org)
- Thus Mafia-style thug and serial war criminal, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, bluntly rejected the Iraqi demands, indicating that US troops would remain (9 January 2020): "We are happy to continue the conversation with the Iraqis about what the right structure is. (just-international.org)
- The U.S.-led war destroyed the Iraqi government, set off a sectarian conflict and spread violent extremism throughout the country and the region as a whole. (salon.com)
- Despite their steady losses to pro-government forces, the scourge of ISIL continues to kill, maim and displace Iraqi civilians in the thousands and to cause untold suffering," noted Ján Kubiš, special representative of the U.N. secretary-general in Iraq. (salon.com)
- An estimated 104,080 to 113,728 Iraqi civilians killed from violence, according to the Iraq Body Count project. (undispatch.com)
- The lethality of war wounds has decreased from 24% during operation Desert Storm (1991) to an unprecedented 10% during operation Iraqi Freedom. (medscape.com)
Veterans11
- Shawn Stenberg had served two tours in Iraq when he was interviewed for the Veterans History Project in April 2006. (loc.gov)
- The Veterans History Project (VHP) at the Library of Congress collects, preserves and makes accessible the firsthand recollections of U.S. military veterans who served from World War I through more recent conflicts and peacekeeping missions, so that future generations may hear directly from veterans and better understand what they saw, did and felt during their service. (loc.gov)
- The present research examined if the ε4 allele of the APOE gene moderated the effect of combat exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. (duke.edu)
- METHOD: Participants included 765 non-Hispanic White (NHW) and 859 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. (duke.edu)
- Since October 2001, more than 2 million Americans have served in the US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and nearly half of these veterans have been deployed more than once (1). (cdc.gov)
- We will also highlight opportunities to develop innovative strategies to promote healthful behaviors among veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. (cdc.gov)
- The prevalence of tobacco use among veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan is high. (cdc.gov)
- Data on obesity rates in Afghanistan and Iraq war veterans are limited. (cdc.gov)
- Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans in a US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) sample were more likely to be overweight but less likely to be obese compared with national same-age samples (11). (cdc.gov)
- Furthermore, Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans who are overweight or obese are at increased risk for hypertension (13). (cdc.gov)
- Evidence exists that the veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars are more likely to engage in strength training compared with their nonveteran peers (15). (cdc.gov)
Saddam Hussein2
- he said he needed the vote to be able to get inspectors into Iraq to determine whether or not Saddam Hussein was engaged in dealing with a nuclear program," Biden said. (politifact.com)
- Bush, seeking support for war against Iraq, called Saddam Hussein a "murderous tyrant" and said he may be plotting to attack the United States with biological and chemical weapons. (wvxu.org)
Sectarian4
- Iraq erupted into sectarian violence, leaving U.S. troops to try to contain what threatened to become a civil war. (cnn.com)
- Defense Secretary Leon Panetta, who flew into Baghdad for Thursday's flag-lowering ceremony, recalled that when he visited in 2006 as a member of Bush's Iraq Study Group, "sectarian violence was skyrocketing, and it seemed as if nothing was working. (cnn.com)
- 8. There is no sectarian or ethnic dimension to the Libyan conflict, whereas the US Pentagon conspired with Shiite and Kurdish parties to overthrow the Sunni-dominated Baathist regime in Iraq, setting the stage for a prolonged and bitter civil war. (juancole.com)
- Iraq would soon be in the throes of a violent insurgency and, eventually, a full-blown sectarian civil war. (americanprogress.org)
Bush's1
- Nevertheless, and largely on Bush's bad information, the Iraq War lasted from 2003 until 2011, and cost $2 trillion. (caglecartoons.com)
Afghanistan5
- Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Custody in Iraq and Afghanistan, by Hina Shamsi et al. (upenn.edu)
- As controversy continues to rage about U.S. withdrawal from Iraq and Afghanistan, two UNF students who served in the U.S. Marine Corps share their experiences in the region and their views on withdrawal. (unfspinnaker.com)
- Soon after the beginning of the US- and NATO-led war in Afghanistan, the US government came up with a new lie to justify invading Iraq. (rosalux.de)
- Some never smokers and most former smokers who deploy to Iraq and Afghanistan initiate or resume smoking (5). (cdc.gov)
- 2004-2006), a period of time when much of the sample deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan (12). (cdc.gov)
Weapons of mass des5
- The objective of the resolution was to compel Iraq to destroy its weapons of mass destruction, Biden said. (politifact.com)
- After eight years of war in Iraq - from March 2003 to December 2011 - no "weapons of mass destruction" were ever found. (wvxu.org)
- Just as much as the Bush administration never sought to prove there were WMDs (weapons of mass destruction) in Iraq - Bush later was quoted as saying that he was just not that interested in finding them - nor did the Russian government even try to provide "evidence" for its claims. (socialistproject.ca)
- Then, in March 2003, speaking from the White House, President George W. Bush lied about weapons of mass destruction that Iraq allegedly kept at the ready. (caglecartoons.com)
- Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction, and he resigned. (caglecartoons.com)
Syrian War1
- Past examples of such would be the 2003 Iraq war and the 2011 Syrian War. (pana.ie)
Conflict9
- This paper is the first to present qualitative findings on businesses operating in an active violent conflict such as the case of Iraq. (springer.com)
- The political economy of civil war and conflict transformation. (springer.com)
- 2003). Natural resources and violent conflict: Options and actions . (springer.com)
- Iraq must avoid becoming a battlefield or a side in any regional or international conflict"[2]. (just-international.org)
- At least 18,802 civilians were killed and 36,245 wounded in the country in the 22 months between Jan. 1, 2014, and Oct. 31, 2015, according to the Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq . (salon.com)
- Women make up high proportions of refugee and internally displaced populations, and they suffer unique consequences of war and conflict because of gender-based violence, discrimination, and caretaking roles. (cdc.gov)
- War and other forms of armed conflict have profound adverse effects on population health. (bvsalud.org)
- The adverse effects of the Iraq War on population health demonstrate how the effects of armed conflict on population health can be documented. (bvsalud.org)
- He has research experience in Lebanon, Syria and Iraq and is particularly interested in conflict and post-conflict dynamics. (lu.se)
Baghdad2
- America's contentious and costly war in Iraq officially ended Thursday with an understated ceremony in Baghdad that contrasted sharply with its thundering start almost nine years ago. (cnn.com)
- It traveled up from southern Iraq to a city about 100 miles north of Baghdad through some very hostile areas. (unfspinnaker.com)
Iraqis2
Iran1
- According to the New York Times (11 January 2020): "Mr. Trump issued bellicose threats to destroy Iran if it retaliated, including cultural treasures in violation of international law, touching off international outrage and forcing his own defense secretary to publicly disavow the threat, saying it would be a war crime. (just-international.org)
Syria and Iraq2
- But criminal pasts would eventually become a standout feature of European jihadists venturing toward Syria and Iraq. (nybooks.com)
- Hundreds of civilians have been killed in the U.S.-led bombing of ISIS in Syria and Iraq, according to the watchdog group Airwars. (salon.com)
Citation1
- Citation: Alrawi Y. Exploring barriers to family planning service utilization and uptake among women in Iraq. (who.int)
Korean War1
- These figures steadily decreased to 0.7% during World War II, 0.2% during the Korean War, and 0.002% during the Vietnam War. (medscape.com)
Afghan1
- Two decades, apparently, isn't long enough for Presidents Bush, Obama or Trump to apologize for their collective misjudgment in sustaining the Afghan war that the nation could never have been won. (caglecartoons.com)
Officially ended2
- The United States invaded Iraq on March 20, 2003, and the war officially ended in late 2011. (politifact.com)
- On Thursday, the Iraq war officially ended as President Barack Obama described it: not with a final battle but with a final march home for U.S. troops. (cnn.com)
19911
- Findings from a study by Physicians for Human Rights indicate that nearly half of all households in three southern cities in Iraq experienced human rights abuses among household members between 1991 and 2003. (cdc.gov)
America's2
- The war was intended to show the extent of America's power. (americanprogress.org)
- In his 2004 book Against all Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror , he wrote that Bush and US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld had wanted to come up with a pretext to bomb Iraq. (rosalux.de)
Gulf War2
- Not to be confused with the Gulf War (1990-91). (wikispooks.com)
- The Cultural Logic of Iraq, the Gulf War, and Suez. (lu.se)
Behest2
- Americans troops have served and died in Iraq at the behest of the American people and two of their commanders-in-chief. (americanprogress.org)
- This House must rule out plunging our country into yet another devastating war at the behest of another state. (julianlewis.net)
Libya1
- Parliament had a series of votes on military action in Iraq, in Libya and in Syria since then. (julianlewis.net)
Diplomatic2
- Meanwhile, in Germany, conservatives saw the German government's opposition to the impending Iraq War as a diplomatic disaster. (rosalux.de)
- But any consensus on how to proceed has been thwarted by opposing policies over the 4-year-old civil war in Syria, which has killed 250,000 people, driven 11 million from their homes, left swathes of territory in the hands of jihadist fighters and defied all diplomatic efforts at a solution. (rt.com)
Hussein1
- And he hailed the advances made in Iraq since Hussein was ousted. (cnn.com)
Coalition3
- In 2003 , the US "Coalition of the willing" invaded, then occupied, overthrew the government, tortured without inhibition, killed wantonly. (wikispooks.com)
- 20 years ago today, the US government and a "Coalition of the Willing" invaded the sovereign country of Iraq. (rosalux.de)
- Distracted by Iraq, US and coalition efforts to date are being squandered as warlords re-establish themselves and the Taliban is allowed to leak over the border from Pakistan and pursue a brilliant campaign to discredit not just the US, but every other foreign power involved. (geekfun.com)
Allies1
- In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed. (americanprogress.org)
Military4
- Second, the authors would like to make clear that this analysis of the costs of the Iraq war in no way diminishes the sacrifice, courage, and honor displayed by the U.S. military in Iraq. (americanprogress.org)
- It would enable Irish participation in military operations by the European Union and its American/NATO overlord in the new Cold War between "the West" and Russia/China that increasingly threatens world peace. (pana.ie)
- It came as the U.S. military was building up a force that would eventually invade Iraq. (wvxu.org)
- Congress authorises President Bush to use military force against Iraq. (independent.co.uk)
Civil3
- Likewise, the Syrian Civil War from 2011 to 2015 made gold prices reach a high of $1,900 per ounce. (mfea.com)
- And then we have the precedent which goes the other way: the 2013 vote on whether or not to intervene in the Syrian civil war, where Parliament refused permission for that, denied Prime Minister Cameron the mission, as it were, to send RAF bombers in, to join attacks against the Assad regime. (julianlewis.net)
- During the civil war, an estimated 40% of all Liberian women were raped. (cdc.gov)
Americans1
- But the similarity is that when a subject affects all Americans - wars and sovereignty-busting open borders - people are lied to. (caglecartoons.com)
Regime1
- UN Security Council passes resolution 1441, insisting that weapons inspectors be allowed back into Iraq and calling on the regime to give up its WMD or face the consequences. (independent.co.uk)
Invade1
- Wesley Clark talks about the Pentagon 's decision to invade Iraq . (wikispooks.com)
People10
- The meeting Iraq War (2003-2011) represents a formal gathering of people, for a particular purpose, associated with resources found in Ipswich Libraries . (ipswichlibrary.org)
- In Iraq, people squat both buildings and land. (wikipedia.org)
- Even before the war was waged, an unprecedented number of people marched to demonstrate their opposition to the plans for war. (wikispooks.com)
- If it comes to war," Biden said, "the president, I am confident, will go to the American people. (politifact.com)
- It is estimated that the 3,000 anti-war protests worldwide were attended by around 36 million people. (rosalux.de)
- A speech in which he tried to make the case for going to war with Iraq to the American people - many of whom were skeptical, to say the least. (wvxu.org)
- On 15 February 2003, millions of people took to the streets to prevent the impending war on Iraq - 3 million in Rome, 1.5. (socialistproject.ca)
- In the Iraq War, from March 2003 to December 2011, more than 1 million people were killed - "a conservative estimate," according to a study by the Nobel Prize-winning organization the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. (salon.com)
- But, the euphoria ended quickly, and by 2005, President Bush was managing a war that had more people saying it was a "wrong decision" than "right. (blogspot.com)
- Some smart people thought, and perhaps some still think, that the 2003-2011 war on Iraq was unique in that it was promoted with the use of blatant lies. (therealnews.com)
Civilians1
- In addition, those US citizen civilians who were actively involved in supporting war efforts (such as war industry workers, USO workers, flight instructors, medical volunteers, etc.) are also invited to share their valuable stories. (sedonalibrary.org)
Blair2
- He said Mr Blair should be tried as a war criminal because of the 180 British personnel who were killed and the 3,500 Britons who were wounded, in addition to the thousands of Iraqi's who were killed by Western forces. (independent.co.uk)
- Jack Straw, Foreign Secretary, warns Blair that invading Iraq would be legally dubious. (independent.co.uk)
Attacks3
- The climate crisis, war, attacks on reproductive rights, book bans-these threats aren't looming. (democracynow.org)
- The Iranians launched missile attacks on 2 American air bases in Iraq that were carefully designed as a retaliatory "slap on the face" without any American casualties that would have brought massively deadly and disproportionate retribution from nuclear terrorist America - and indeed fortunately nobody was killed. (just-international.org)
- In 2011, there were an average of 6.5 deaths per day from suicide attacks and vehicle bombs, according to the Iraq Body Count project. (undispatch.com)
Soldiers1
- Reg Keys is one of a number of relatives of soldiers killed in the Iraq War who have threatened to take legal action against Sir John Chilcot if he does not publish his report into the war by the end of the year. (independent.co.uk)
Opposition1
- The latest claims follow a series of failed claims over a period of months and stand to benefit a Syrian opposition that has been found repeatedly to be manufacturing false propaganda aimed at bringing the United States into the war. (therealnews.com)
Gaza1
- However, after Israel's December 2008-January 2009 war on Gaza, Israel forcefully intercepted ships headed for Gaza. (consortiumnews.com)
Formal1
- President Obama is expected to announce the formal end of the American war in Iraq in a speech tomorrow. (undispatch.com)
Years6
- Biden for years stood by his vote for a resolution that paved the way for the war, even though he also criticized the Bush administration's strategy - saying the United States went to war too soon, without enough troops, and without enough countries supporting the effort. (politifact.com)
- A few years later, after several training deployments, Costello was preparing to be part of the "tip of the spear" in the war on Iraq. (unfspinnaker.com)
- The table suggests a stable gold price range during the opening years of the war. (mfea.com)
- More than eight years after that speech, as President Barack Obama prepares to keep his promise to end the war, Iraq has made progress but still struggles with insecurity and deep political discord. (americanprogress.org)
- For the last five years, about half the public has said the war was the wrong decision, with less than 40 percent saying it was the right decision. (blogspot.com)
- When Bush began this Wilsonian Crusade, I thought it would take a 100 years to bring democracy to Iraq. (blogspot.com)
Inquiry3
- The only way for me to move on from this now is to consign Iraq to history and part of doing so is to get this inquiry published," he told the BBC. (independent.co.uk)
- This is an inquiry into a war. (independent.co.uk)
- The Conservative Sir Bernard Jenkin chaired the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee before the Election, when they held an inquiry into war powers. (julianlewis.net)
Civilian1
- According to the Lancet , from 2003 to 2010, 1,003 documented suicide bomb events caused 42, 928 civilian casualties and 12,284 civilian deaths. (undispatch.com)
Terror1
- When both claims turned out to be false, the Bush administration justified the intervention on the idea that a democratic Iraq would be an ally in the "war on terror" and an inspiration for democratic reform in the Middle East. (americanprogress.org)
Decline1
- Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007? (wikipedia.org)
Inflation1
- Not only was this rise in gold prices caused by investor demand, but also by economic factors during war such as inflation and currency devaluation. (mfea.com)
Vietnam2
- In 1968, British lecturers famously joined their students protesting against the Vietnam War. (institutionalinvestor.com)
- This criticism of the US and UK war effort found a broad audience beyond the oppositional left-wing press in Western Europe and helped to bring about the biggest anti-war movement since the US war in Vietnam. (socialistproject.ca)
Troops3
- In an NPR interview aired Sept. 3, host Asma Khalid asked Biden to respond to criticism about the Iraq War, particularly sending troops into the country. (politifact.com)
- Matthew Duss and Peter Juul look at the human, financial, and strategic costs of the U.S. intervention in Iraq as the last of our troops pull out. (americanprogress.org)
- The United States is withdrawing the last of its troops from Iraq this month, which makes now an appropriate time to begin weighing the costs and benefits to U.S. national security from our intervention there. (americanprogress.org)
Threat1
- Companies in Iraq operate under the constant threat of violence and yet many still try to enhance peace through operations. (springer.com)
Crisis2
- Though the level of violence has remained down from its 2006-2007 peak-when dozens of bodies could be found on Baghdad's streets every morning-Iraq still endures a level of violence that in any other country would be considered a crisis. (americanprogress.org)
- Comparisons between the fallout from long foreign wars and today's border crisis are not exact. (caglecartoons.com)
Propaganda2
- A war for oil carried out after " Operation Mass Appeal " an MI6-backed propaganda campaign. (wikispooks.com)
- The propaganda war is hotting up, with western press issuing unsubstantiated and emotional surmise as news. (rt.com)
Intervention3
- First, it is critical to remember the shifting justifications for the U.S. intervention in Iraq. (americanprogress.org)
- The foregoing costs could conceivably be justified if the Iraq intervention had improved the United States' strategic position in the Middle East. (americanprogress.org)
- Her doctoral thesis, Diasporic Interventions: State building in Iraq following the 2003 Iraq War, compared the UK and Swedish diaspora's involvement in state building during intervention, occupation and following the country's first democratic elections. (lu.se)
Humanitarian1
- The so-called 'Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant' continues to commit systematic and widespread violence and abuses of international human rights law and humanitarian law," the report says. (salon.com)