Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.
Tax on the net income of an individual, organization, or business.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.
Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Enumerations of populations usually recording identities of all persons in every place of residence with age or date of birth, sex, occupation, national origin, language, marital status, income, relation to head of household, information on the dwelling place, education, literacy, health-related data (e.g., permanent disability), etc. The census or "numbering of the people" is mentioned several times in the Old Testament. Among the Romans, censuses were intimately connected with the enumeration of troops before and after battle and probably a military necessity. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed; Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed, p66, p119)
Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.
Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
Size and composition of the family.
Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources.
Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.
Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.
The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
The science of utilization, distribution, and consumption of services and materials.
Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
All deaths reported in a given population.
Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
City, urban, rural, or suburban areas which are characterized by severe economic deprivation and by accompanying physical and social decay.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or concept, it is a country located in South America, known officially as the Federative Republic of Brazil. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or science, I'd be happy to help answer those!
Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Economic aspects of the field of medicine, the medical profession, and health care. It includes the economic and financial impact of disease in general on the patient, the physician, society, or government.
Financial assistance to impoverished persons for the essentials of living through federal, state or local government programs.
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
The status of health in urban populations.
The measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality, and available health resources.
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
Government sponsored social insurance programs.
The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee.
The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.
Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.
Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.
The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.
Individuals or groups with no or inadequate health insurance coverage. Those falling into this category usually comprise three primary groups: the medically indigent (MEDICAL INDIGENCY); those whose clinical condition makes them medically uninsurable; and the working uninsured.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.
A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.
A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.
Organized institutions which provide services to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology in the community.
Living facilities for humans.
Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.
Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year.
Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.
The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.
The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.
Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.
Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.
The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation.
Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Criteria to determine eligibility of patients for medical care programs and services.
The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
Financing of medical care provided to public assistance recipients.
Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.
An increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuing rise in the general price level.
Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.
Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "California" is a place, specifically a state on the western coast of the United States, and not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.
Groups of persons whose range of options is severely limited, who are frequently subjected to COERCION in their DECISION MAKING, or who may be compromised in their ability to give INFORMED CONSENT.
The application of mathematical formulas and statistical techniques to the testing and quantifying of economic theories and the solution of economic problems.
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
Insurance designed to compensate persons who lose wages because of illness or injury; insurance providing periodic payments that partially replace lost wages, salary, or other income when the insured is unable to work because of illness, injury, or disease. Individual and group disability insurance are two types of such coverage. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p207)
Female parents, human or animal.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
The state of society as it exists or in flux. While it usually refers to society as a whole in a specified geographical or political region, it is applicable also to restricted strata of a society.
The study of the social determinants and social effects of health and disease, and of the social structure of medical institutions or professions.
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS.
Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.
The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.
Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.
Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.
Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.
Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.
That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.
The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.
Persons with physical or mental disabilities that affect or limit their activities of daily living and that may require special accommodations.
A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic areas. It often studies, for example, the usage rates for a given service or procedure in several small areas, documenting the variation among the areas. By comparing high- and low-use areas, the analysis attempts to determine whether there is a pattern to such use and to identify variables that are associated with and contribute to the variation.
Mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and or natural resources to generate goods and services.
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real gross domestic product, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. (National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, www.nber.org/cycles.html, accessed 4/23/2009)
The status of health in rural populations.
Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.
Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term that can be defined in a medical context. It is a geographical location, referring to the Republic of India, a country in South Asia. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help with those!
Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.
Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.
Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.
Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.
The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby individuals are joined together.
Amounts charged to the patient as payer for medical services.
The absence of appropriate stimuli in the physical or social environment which are necessary for the emotional, social, and intellectual development of the individual.
The state of being retired from one's position or occupation.
The provision of monetary resources including money or capital and credit; obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise and the funds so obtained. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed.)
Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.
Fixed sums paid regularly to individuals.
Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.
Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.
Highly pleasant emotion characterized by outward manifestations of gratification; joy.
The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.
Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
An occupation limited in scope to a subsection of a broader field.
A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)
A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.
The organization and operation of the business aspects of a physician's practice.
Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclusions based on sample results may be attributed only to the population sampled.

Do housing tenure and car access predict health because they are simply markers of income or self esteem? A Scottish study. (1/2784)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relations between health (using a range of measures) and housing tenure or car access; and to test the hypothesis that observed relations between these asset based measures and health are simply because they are markers for income or self esteem. DESIGN: Analysis of data from second wave of data collection of West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, collected in 1991 by face to face interviews conducted by nurse interviewers. SETTING: The Central Clydeside Conurbation, in the West of Scotland. SUBJECTS: 785 people (354 men, 431 women) in their late 30s, and 718 people (358 men, 359 women) in their late 50s, participants in a longitudinal study. MEASURES: General Health Questionnaire scores, respiratory function, waist/hip ratio, number of longstanding illnesses, number of symptoms in the last month, and systolic blood pressure; household income adjusted for household size and composition; Rosenberg self esteem score; housing tenure and care access. RESULTS: On bivariate analysis, all the health measures were significantly associated with housing tenure, and all except waist/hip ratio with car access; all except waist/hip ratio were related to income, and all except systolic blood pressure were related to self esteem. In models controlling for age, sex, and their interaction, neither waist/hip ratio nor systolic blood pressure remained significantly associated with tenure or care access. Significant relations with all the remaining health measures persisted after further controlling for income or self esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Housing tenure and car access may not only be related to health because they are markers for income or psychological traits; they may also have some directly health promoting or damaging effects. More research is needed to establish mechanisms by which they may influence health, and to determine the policy implications of their association with health.  (+info)

Impact of market value on human mate choice decisions. (2/2784)

Mate choice strategies are a process of negotiation in which individuals make bids that are constrained by their status in the market place. Humans provide an unusual perspective on this because we can measure their explicitly expressed preferences before they are forced to make any choices. We use advertisements placed in newspaper personal columns to examine, first, the extent to which evolutionary considerations affect the level of competition (or market value) during the reproductively active period of people's lives and, second, the extent to which market value influences individual's willingness to make strong demands of prospective mates. We show that female market value is determined principally by women's fecundity (and, to a lesser extent, reproductive value), while male market value is determined by men's earning potential and the risk of future pairbond termination (the conjoint probability that the male will either die or divorce his partner during the next 20 years). We then show that these selection preferences strongly influence the levels of demands that men and women make of prospective partners (although older males tend to overestimate their market value).  (+info)

Views of managed care--a survey of students, residents, faculty, and deans at medical schools in the United States. (3/2784)

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Views of managed care among academic physicians and medical students in the United States are not well known. In 1997, we conducted a telephone survey of a national sample of medical students (506 respondents), residents (494), faculty members (728), department chairs (186), directors of residency training in internal medicine and pediatrics (143), and deans (105) at U.S. medical schools to determine their experiences in and perspectives on managed care. The overall rate of response was 80.1 percent. RESULTS: Respondents rated their attitudes toward managed care on a 0-to-10 scale, with 0 defined as "as negative as possible" and 10 as "as positive as possible." The expressed attitudes toward managed care were negative, ranging from a low mean (+/-SD) score of 3.9+/-1.7 for residents to a high of 5.0+/-1.3 for deans. When asked about specific aspects of care, fee-for-service medicine was rated better than managed care in terms of access (by 80.2 percent of respondents), minimizing ethical conflicts (74.8 percent), and the quality of the doctor-patient relationship (70.6 percent). With respect to the continuity of care, 52.0 percent of respondents preferred fee-for-service medicine, and 29.3 percent preferred managed care. For care at the end of life, 49.1 percent preferred fee-for-service medicine, and 20.5 percent preferred managed care. With respect to care for patients with chronic illness, 41.8 percent preferred fee-for-service care, and 30.8 percent preferred managed care. Faculty members, residency-training directors, and department chairs responded that managed care had reduced the time they had available for research (63.1 percent agreed) and teaching (58.9 percent) and had reduced their income (55.8 percent). Overall, 46.6 percent of faculty members, 26.7 percent of residency-training directors, and 42.7 percent of department chairs reported that the message they delivered to students about managed care was negative. CONCLUSIONS: Negative views of managed care are widespread among medical students, residents, faculty members, and medical school deans.  (+info)

Explaining the decline in health insurance coverage, 1979-1995. (4/2784)

The decline in health insurance coverage among workers from 1979 to 1995 can be accounted for almost entirely by the fact that per capita health care spending rose much more rapidly than personal income during this time period. We simulate health insurance coverage levels for 1996-2005 under alternative assumptions concerning the rate of growth of spending. We conclude that reduction in spending growth creates measurable increases in health insurance coverage for low-income workers and that the rapid increase in health care spending over the past fifteen years has created a large pool of low-income workers for whom health insurance is unaffordable.  (+info)

Cost of tax-exempt health benefits in 1998. (5/2784)

The tax expenditure for health benefits is the amount of revenues that the federal government forgoes by exempting the following from the federal income and Social Security taxes: (1) employer health benefits contribution, (2) health spending under flexible spending plans, and (3) the tax deduction for health expenses. The health tax expenditure was $111.2 billion in 1998. This figure varied from $2,357 per family among those with annual incomes of $100,000 or more to $71 per family among those with annual incomes of less than $15,000. Families with incomes of $100,000 or more (10 percent of the population) accounted for 23.6 percent of all tax expenditures.  (+info)

Is health insurance in Greece in need of reform? (6/2784)

This paper aims to assess the relationship between insurance contributions and health benefits in Greece by using information from sickness funds' accounts. The paper argues that the fragmentation of social health insurance, and the particular ways in which sickness funds' financial services are organized, are a major source of inequity and are grossly inefficient. The survival of these systems in the 1990s cannot be explained except on grounds of inertia and corporate resistance.  (+info)

User charges for health care: a review of recent experience. (7/2784)

This paper reviews recent experiences with increases in user charges and their effect on the utilization of health care. Evidence from several countries of differences in utilization between rich and poor is presented, and recent accounts of sharp, and often sustained, drops in utilization following fee increases, are presented and discussed. Fee income, appropriately used, represents a small but significant additional resource for health care. Recent national experiences appear to have concentrated on achieving cost recovery objectives, rather than on improving service quality and health outcomes. Appraisal of financing changes must be linked to probable health outcomes. Successful large-scale experience in linking these two is in short supply.  (+info)

The potential of health sector non-governmental organizations: policy options. (8/2784)

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly been promoted as alternative health care providers to the state, furthering the same goals but less hampered by government inefficiencies and resource constraints. However, the reality of NGO health care provision is more complex. Not only is the distinction between government and NGO providers sometimes difficult to determine because of their operational integration, but NGOs may also suffer from resource constraionts and management inefficiencies similar to those of government providers. Some registered NGOs operate as for-profit providers in practice. Policy development must reflect the strengths and weaknesses of NGOs in particular settings and should be built on NGO advantages over government in terms of resource mobilization, efficiency and/or quality. Policy development will always require a strong government presence in co-ordinating and regulating health care provision, and an NGO sector responsive to the policy goals of government.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "income" is not a medical term. Income is an economic term that refers to the inflow of monetary resources or earnings that an individual or household receives from various sources, such as employment, investments, or government benefits. It is typically used in financial and economic contexts rather than medical ones. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Income Tax" is not a medical term. It is an concept from the field of economics and public finance.

Income tax refers to a type of tax that governments impose on individuals or entities' income. The tax is calculated as a percentage of the income earned, and it varies depending on the income level and the tax laws of the country or region. Income taxes are a major source of revenue for most national governments.

If you have any medical questions, I would be happy to try to help answer them!

Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:

1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.

Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poverty" is not a medical condition or term. It is a social condition defined by the World Bank as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," and measured through indicators such as income, consumption, and access to basic services. Poverty can have significant impacts on health outcomes and healthcare access, but it is not considered a medical diagnosis. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try my best to help answer them!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "social class" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a sociological concept that refers to the grouping of individuals in a society based on their shared economic and social positions. This can include factors such as income, education, occupation, and wealth.

However, social class can have an impact on health outcomes and access to healthcare. For example, people in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to experience chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and have limited access to quality healthcare services compared to those in higher socioeconomic groups. This relationship is often referred to as the "social determinants of health."

Educational status refers to the level or stage of education that a person has reached. It can be used to describe an individual's educational background, achievements, and qualifications. Educational status can be categorized in various ways, including by level (e.g., elementary school, high school, college, graduate school), years of schooling completed, or type of degree earned (e.g., bachelor's, master's, doctoral).

In medical settings, educational status may be used as a demographic variable to describe the characteristics of a patient population or to identify potential disparities in health outcomes based on education level. Research has shown that higher levels of education are often associated with better health outcomes, including lower rates of chronic diseases and improved mental health. Therefore, understanding a patient's educational status can help healthcare providers tailor their care and education strategies to meet the unique needs and challenges of each individual.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.

In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.

Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.

Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.

A census is a official count or survey of a population, typically conducted by a governmental authority to gather information about the demographics, economic characteristics, and other important data about the people living within its borders. In the medical context, censuses may refer to counts or surveys of specific populations, such as patients in a hospital or residents of a particular geographic area, to gather health-related data. This information can be used to inform public health policy, allocate resources, and plan for future healthcare needs.

I'm happy to help, but I need to clarify that "residence characteristics" is not a commonly used medical term. It is more related to the field of public health or epidemiology. However, if you are asking for the characteristics of a residence that could be relevant to medical or health research, they might include:

1. Housing type (single-family home, apartment, mobile home, etc.)
2. Age and condition of the housing unit
3. Presence of environmental hazards (lead paint, asbestos, radon, etc.)
4. Quality of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
5. Access to clean water and sanitation facilities
6. Safety features (smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, etc.)
7. Presence of pests (rodents, cockroaches, bed bugs, etc.)
8. Neighborhood characteristics (crime rates, access to healthy food options, walkability, etc.)

These factors can all have an impact on the health outcomes of individuals and communities, and are often studied in public health research.

Health status disparities refer to differences in the health outcomes that are observed between different populations. These populations can be defined by various sociodemographic factors such as race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, disability, income, education level, and geographic location. Health status disparities can manifest as differences in rates of illness, disease prevalence or incidence, morbidity, mortality, access to healthcare services, and quality of care received. These disparities are often the result of systemic inequities and social determinants of health that negatively impact certain populations, leading to worse health outcomes compared to other groups. It is important to note that health status disparities are preventable and can be addressed through targeted public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing health inequities.

Health surveys are research studies that collect data from a sample population to describe the current health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization of a particular group or community. These surveys may include questions about various aspects of health such as physical health, mental health, chronic conditions, lifestyle habits, access to healthcare services, and demographic information. The data collected from health surveys can be used to monitor trends in health over time, identify disparities in health outcomes, develop and evaluate public health programs and policies, and inform resource allocation decisions. Examples of national health surveys include the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.

"Family characteristics" is a broad term that can refer to various attributes, dynamics, and structures of a family unit. These characteristics can include:

1. Family structure: This refers to the composition of the family, such as whether it is a nuclear family (two parents and their children), single-parent family, extended family, blended family, or same-sex parent family.
2. Family roles: The responsibilities and expectations assigned to each family member, such as caregiver, provider, or decision-maker.
3. Communication patterns: How family members communicate with one another, including frequency, tone, and level of openness.
4. Problem-solving styles: How the family approaches and resolves conflicts and challenges.
5. Cultural and religious practices: The values, traditions, and beliefs that shape the family's identity and worldview.
6. Family functioning: The overall health and effectiveness of the family system, including its ability to adapt to change and support individual members' needs.
7. Attachment styles: The quality and nature of the emotional bonds between family members, which can impact attachment security and relationships throughout life.
8. Parenting style: The approach that parents take in raising their children, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved.
9. Family history: Past experiences and events that have shaped the family's development and dynamics.
10. Genetic factors: Inherited traits and predispositions that can influence family members' health, behavior, and personality.

Understanding family characteristics is essential in fields such as medicine, psychology, social work, and counseling, as these factors can significantly impact individual and family well-being.

Developed countries, also known as high-income countries or industrialized nations, are sovereign states that have advanced economies and highly developed infrastructure. These countries typically have high levels of industrialization, urbanization, and technological development, along with a high standard of living and access to quality healthcare, education, and social services.

The World Bank defines developed countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of $12,695 or more in 2020. Examples of developed countries include the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and many others in Western Europe and Asia.

It's important to note that the term "developed" is relative and can change over time as a country's economy and infrastructure advance or decline. Additionally, there are significant disparities within developed countries, with some regions or populations experiencing poverty, inequality, and lack of access to basic needs and services.

The term "developing countries" is a socio-economic classification used to describe nations that are in the process of industrialization and modernization. This term is often used interchangeably with "low and middle-income countries" or "Global South." The World Bank defines developing countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $12,695.

In the context of healthcare, developing countries face unique challenges including limited access to quality medical care, lack of resources and infrastructure, high burden of infectious diseases, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. These factors contribute to significant disparities in health outcomes between developing and developed nations.

Personal Financing is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, it refers to the management of an individual's financial resources, such as income, assets, liabilities, and debts, to meet their personal needs and goals. This can include budgeting, saving, investing, planning for retirement, and managing debt.

In the context of healthcare, personal financing may refer to the ability of individuals to pay for their own medical care expenses, including health insurance premiums, deductibles, co-pays, and out-of-pocket costs. This can be a significant concern for many people, particularly those with chronic medical conditions or disabilities who may face ongoing healthcare expenses.

Personal financing for healthcare may involve various strategies, such as setting aside savings, using health savings accounts (HSAs) or flexible spending accounts (FSAs), purchasing health insurance policies with lower premiums but higher out-of-pocket costs, or negotiating payment plans with healthcare providers. Ultimately, personal financing for healthcare involves making informed decisions about how to allocate financial resources to meet both immediate and long-term medical needs while also balancing other financial goals and responsibilities.

"Employment" is a term that is commonly used in the context of social sciences and law rather than medicine. It generally refers to the state or condition of being employed, which means an individual is engaged in a job or occupation, providing services to an employer in exchange for compensation, such as wages or salary. Employment may involve various types of work arrangements, including full-time, part-time, temporary, contract, or freelance positions.

In the context of medicine and public health, employment is often discussed in relation to its impact on health outcomes, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status. For instance, research has shown that unemployment or underemployment can negatively affect mental and physical health, while stable employment can contribute to better health outcomes and overall well-being. Additionally, employment may influence an individual's ability to afford healthcare, medications, and other essential needs, which can impact their health status.

In summary, the medical definition of 'employment' pertains to the state or condition of being engaged in a job or occupation, providing services to an employer for compensation. Employment has significant implications for health outcomes, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status.

Health services accessibility refers to the degree to which individuals and populations are able to obtain needed health services in a timely manner. It includes factors such as physical access (e.g., distance, transportation), affordability (e.g., cost of services, insurance coverage), availability (e.g., supply of providers, hours of operation), and acceptability (e.g., cultural competence, language concordance).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is one of the key components of health system performance, along with responsiveness and fair financing. Improving accessibility to health services is essential for achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Factors that affect health services accessibility can vary widely between and within countries, and addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, infrastructure development, and community engagement.

Health expenditures refer to the total amount of money spent on health services, goods, and resources in a given period. This can include expenses for preventive care, medical treatments, medications, long-term care, and administrative costs. Health expenditures can be made by individuals, corporations, insurance companies, or governments, and they can be measured at the national, regional, or household level.

Health expenditures are often used as an indicator of a country's investment in its healthcare system and can reflect the overall health status of a population. High levels of health expenditures may indicate a strong commitment to healthcare, but they can also place a significant burden on individuals, businesses, and governments. Understanding patterns and trends in health expenditures is important for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers who are working to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accessibility of healthcare services.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.

In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

Economics is a social science that studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make choices on allocating resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. It primarily focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

In healthcare, economics is often referred to as "health economics," which applies economic theory and methods to analyze health care markets, evaluate alternative health policies, and optimize resource allocation in the healthcare sector. Health economists study issues such as the cost-effectiveness of medical treatments, the impact of health insurance on access to care, and the efficiency of different healthcare delivery systems.

Understanding economics is crucial for making informed decisions about healthcare policy, resource allocation, and patient care. By analyzing data and applying economic principles, healthcare professionals can help ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively to improve health outcomes and reduce costs.

Logistic models, specifically logistic regression models, are a type of statistical analysis used in medical and epidemiological research to identify the relationship between the risk of a certain health outcome or disease (dependent variable) and one or more independent variables, such as demographic factors, exposure variables, or other clinical measurements.

In contrast to linear regression models, logistic regression models are used when the dependent variable is binary or dichotomous in nature, meaning it can only take on two values, such as "disease present" or "disease absent." The model uses a logistic function to estimate the probability of the outcome based on the independent variables.

Logistic regression models are useful for identifying risk factors and estimating the strength of associations between exposures and health outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders, and predicting the probability of an outcome given certain values of the independent variables. They can also be used to develop clinical prediction rules or scores that can aid in decision-making and patient care.

Mortality, in medical terms, refers to the state or condition of being mortal; the quality or fact of being subject to death. It is often used in reference to the mortality rate, which is the number of deaths in a specific population, divided by the size of that population, per a given time period. This can be used as a measure of the risk of death among a population.

Health Insurance is a type of insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring medical expenses, spreading the risk over a large number of persons. By purchasing health insurance, insured individuals pay a premium to an insurance company, which then pools those funds with other policyholders' premiums to pay for the medical care costs of individuals who become ill or injured. The coverage can include hospitalization, medical procedures, prescription drugs, and preventive care, among other services. The goal of health insurance is to provide financial protection against unexpected medical expenses and to make healthcare services more affordable.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poverty Areas" is not a standard medical term or classification. However, in a broader social determinants of health context, poverty is recognized as a significant factor that can impact an individual's health outcomes and access to healthcare.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines poverty as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," which includes but is not limited to lack of income and economic opportunities. The WHO also acknowledges that poverty is a major cause of ill-health and premature death around the world.

If you are referring to a specific term or concept that goes by a different name, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.

I apologize, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or condition. It is the largest country in both South America and Latin America by land area and population. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, please provide more information and I will do my best to help.

African Americans are defined as individuals who have ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. This term is often used to describe people living in the United States who have total or partial descent from enslaved African peoples. The term does not refer to a single ethnicity but is a broad term that includes various ethnic groups with diverse cultures, languages, and traditions. It's important to note that some individuals may prefer to identify as Black or of African descent rather than African American, depending on their personal identity and background.

"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.

For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.

It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.

Medical economics is a branch of economics that deals with the application of economic principles and concepts to issues related to health and healthcare. It involves the study of how medical care is produced, distributed, consumed, and financed, as well as the factors that influence these processes. The field encompasses various topics, including the behavior of healthcare providers and consumers, the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems, the impact of health policies on outcomes, and the allocation of resources within the healthcare sector. Medical economists may work in academia, government agencies, healthcare organizations, or consulting firms, contributing to research, policy analysis, and program evaluation.

"Public assistance" is a term used in the field of social welfare and public health to refer to government programs that provide financial aid, food, housing, or other necessary resources to individuals and families who are experiencing economic hardship or have limited means to meet their basic needs. These programs are funded by taxpayers' dollars and are administered at the federal, state, or local level. Examples of public assistance programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Medicaid, and Section 8 housing vouchers. The goal of public assistance is to help individuals and families achieve self-sufficiency and improve their overall well-being.

"Age factors" refer to the effects, changes, or differences that age can have on various aspects of health, disease, and medical care. These factors can encompass a wide range of issues, including:

1. Physiological changes: As people age, their bodies undergo numerous physical changes that can affect how they respond to medications, illnesses, and medical procedures. For example, older adults may be more sensitive to certain drugs or have weaker immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.
2. Chronic conditions: Age is a significant risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. As a result, age-related medical issues are common and can impact treatment decisions and outcomes.
3. Cognitive decline: Aging can also lead to cognitive changes, including memory loss and decreased decision-making abilities. These changes can affect a person's ability to understand and comply with medical instructions, leading to potential complications in their care.
4. Functional limitations: Older adults may experience physical limitations that impact their mobility, strength, and balance, increasing the risk of falls and other injuries. These limitations can also make it more challenging for them to perform daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, or cooking.
5. Social determinants: Age-related factors, such as social isolation, poverty, and lack of access to transportation, can impact a person's ability to obtain necessary medical care and affect their overall health outcomes.

Understanding age factors is critical for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care that addresses the unique needs and challenges of older adults. By taking these factors into account, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans that consider a person's age, physical condition, cognitive abilities, and social circumstances.

Urban health is a branch of public health that focuses on the unique health challenges and disparities faced by urban populations. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of people living in urban areas, which are characterized by high population density, diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, and unique environmental exposures.

Urban health addresses a range of issues, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, injuries, violence, and mental health disorders, as well as the social determinants of health such as housing, education, income, and access to healthcare services. It also considers the impact of urbanization on health, including the effects of pollution, noise, crowding, and lack of green spaces.

The goal of urban health is to promote health equity and improve the overall health outcomes of urban populations by addressing these challenges through evidence-based interventions, policies, and programs that are tailored to the unique needs of urban communities.

Health status indicators are measures used to assess and monitor the health and well-being of a population. They provide information about various aspects of health, such as mortality rates, morbidity rates, prevalence of chronic diseases, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and access to healthcare services. These indicators can be used to identify trends and disparities in health outcomes, inform policy decisions, allocate resources, and evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions. Examples of health status indicators include life expectancy, infant mortality rate, prevalence of diabetes, smoking rates, and access to primary care.

I believe you may have mixed up the terms "medicine" and "commerce." Commerce is a broad term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services. It is not typically used in a medical context, so it does not have a specific medical definition. However, I can provide you with some related terms that might be helpful:

1. Medical commerce: This term generally refers to the business aspects of healthcare, such as the buying and selling of medical supplies, equipment, and services. It may also refer to the economic relationships between various stakeholders in the healthcare system, including providers, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
2. Telemedicine commerce: This term specifically refers to the use of technology to facilitate remote consultations and transactions between healthcare providers and patients. Examples include online appointment scheduling, virtual consultations, and electronic prescribing.
3. Medical tourism: This is a form of commerce where people travel to other countries to receive medical treatment or procedures that may be less expensive or more accessible than in their home country. It can also refer to the business of providing medical services to international patients.
4. Healthcare marketing: This term refers to the activities and strategies used by healthcare organizations to promote their products, services, and brands to potential customers. It includes advertising, public relations, social media, content marketing, and other tactics designed to build awareness, generate leads, and drive sales.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions or concerns.

A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.

Regression analysis is a statistical technique used in medicine, as well as in other fields, to examine the relationship between one or more independent variables (predictors) and a dependent variable (outcome). It allows for the estimation of the average change in the outcome variable associated with a one-unit change in an independent variable, while controlling for the effects of other independent variables. This technique is often used to identify risk factors for diseases or to evaluate the effectiveness of medical interventions. In medical research, regression analysis can be used to adjust for potential confounding variables and to quantify the relationship between exposures and health outcomes. It can also be used in predictive modeling to estimate the probability of a particular outcome based on multiple predictors.

"Social Security" is a term that refers to a social insurance program, providing financial security to eligible individuals primarily through retirement, disability, and survivor's benefits. In the United States, it is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The program is funded through payroll taxes known as Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax, paid by workers and their employers.

It's important to note that "Social Security" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in the context of social welfare programs and policies. However, it does have an impact on healthcare as many Americans rely on Social Security benefits to help cover their medical expenses, especially during retirement.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Salaries and Fringe Benefits" is not a medical term or concept.

Salaries and fringe benefits are terms used in the context of employment and compensation. A salary is the amount of money or other forms of compensation paid to an employee by an employer in return for work performed. It is usually expressed as a monthly or annual sum.

Fringe benefits, on the other hand, are additional benefits that employers may provide to their employees, such as health insurance, retirement plans, vacation and sick leave, and other perks. These benefits are offered in addition to the employee's regular salary or wages.

In a medical setting, healthcare professionals may receive salaries and fringe benefits as part of their employment compensation package, but the terms themselves do not have specific medical meanings.

I apologize, but "Canada" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in North America, known for its vast wilderness, multicultural cities, and significant natural resources. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help answer those!

Demography is the statistical study of populations, particularly in terms of size, distribution, and characteristics such as age, race, gender, and occupation. In medical contexts, demography is often used to analyze health-related data and trends within specific populations. This can include studying the prevalence of certain diseases or conditions, identifying disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions. Demographic data can also be used to inform policy decisions and allocate resources to address population health needs.

Healthcare disparities refer to differences in the quality, accessibility, and outcomes of healthcare that are systematically related to social or economic disadvantage. These disparities may exist between different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, sexual orientation, geographic, or disability status groups. They can result from a complex interplay of factors including provider bias, patient-provider communication, health system policies, and structural racism, among others. Healthcare disparities often lead to worse health outcomes and reduced quality of life for disadvantaged populations.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Supply" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a more general term related to the availability and distribution of food. However, in a broader public health context, "food supply" can refer to the overall system and infrastructure that provides food to a population, including agricultural practices, food processing, distribution, and accessibility. Ensuring a safe and adequate food supply is an important aspect of public health and preventive medicine.

"Medically uninsured" is not a term that has an official medical definition. However, it generally refers to individuals who do not have health insurance coverage. This can include those who cannot afford it, those who are not offered coverage through their employer, and those who are ineligible for government-sponsored programs like Medicaid or Medicare. Being medically uninsured can lead to financial strain if an individual experiences a medical emergency or needs ongoing care, as they will be responsible for paying for these services out of pocket.

The term "European Continental Ancestry Group" is a medical/ethnic classification that refers to individuals who trace their genetic ancestry to the continent of Europe. This group includes people from various ethnic backgrounds and nationalities, such as Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western European descent. It is often used in research and medical settings for population studies or to identify genetic patterns and predispositions to certain diseases that may be more common in specific ancestral groups. However, it's important to note that this classification can oversimplify the complex genetic diversity within and between populations, and should be used with caution.

An ethnic group is a category of people who identify with each other based on shared ancestry, language, culture, history, and/or physical characteristics. The concept of an ethnic group is often used in the social sciences to describe a population that shares a common identity and a sense of belonging to a larger community.

Ethnic groups can be distinguished from racial groups, which are categories of people who are defined by their physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While race is a social construct based on physical differences, ethnicity is a cultural construct based on shared traditions, beliefs, and practices.

It's important to note that the concept of ethnic groups can be complex and fluid, as individuals may identify with multiple ethnic groups or switch their identification over time. Additionally, the boundaries between different ethnic groups can be blurred and contested, and the ways in which people define and categorize themselves and others can vary across cultures and historical periods.

"Marital status" is not a medical term, but it is often used in medical records and forms to indicate whether a person is single, married, divorced, widowed, or in a civil union. It is a social determinant of health that can have an impact on a person's access to healthcare, health behaviors, and health outcomes. For example, research has shown that people who are unmarried, divorced, or widowed may have worse health outcomes than those who are married. However, it is important to note that this relationship is complex and influenced by many other factors, including socioeconomic status, age, and overall health.

Data collection in the medical context refers to the systematic gathering of information relevant to a specific research question or clinical situation. This process involves identifying and recording data elements, such as demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, from various sources including patient interviews, medical records, and diagnostic tests. The data collected is used to support clinical decision-making, inform research hypotheses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. It is essential that data collection is performed in a standardized and unbiased manner to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

I'm happy to help! However, it's important to note that while "social justice" is a term used in many fields, including public health and medicine, it does not have a single, universally accepted medical definition. Instead, the concept of social justice in healthcare is generally understood as the pursuit of fairness, equity, and equality in the distribution of healthcare resources, opportunities, and outcomes.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social justice as "the fair and equitable distribution of social determinants of health, which are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including the health system." According to this definition, social justice in healthcare requires addressing the root causes of health disparities, such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities.

The American Public Health Association (APHA) defines social justice as "the distribution of resources, benefits, and burdens of society to all individuals and groups. When principles of social justice are applied, the resulting distribution is equitable and all members of society have a fair opportunity to benefit from the resources, benefits, and burdens."

In summary, while there may not be a single medical definition of social justice, it is generally understood as the pursuit of fairness, equity, and equality in healthcare and health outcomes. This involves addressing the root causes of health disparities and ensuring that all individuals have access to the resources and opportunities they need to achieve optimal health.

"Social welfare" is a broad concept and not a medical term per se, but it is often discussed in the context of public health and medical social work. Here's a definition related to those fields:

Social welfare refers to the programs, services, and benefits provided by governmental and non-governmental organizations to promote the well-being of individuals, families, and communities, with a particular focus on meeting basic needs, protecting vulnerable populations, and enhancing social and economic opportunities. These efforts aim to improve overall quality of life, reduce health disparities, and strengthen the social determinants of health.

Examples of social welfare programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Medicaid, Section 8 housing assistance, and various community-based services such as mental health counseling, substance abuse treatment, and home healthcare.

In the medical field, social workers often play a crucial role in connecting patients to available social welfare resources to address various psychosocial needs that can impact their health outcomes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.

Insurance coverage, in the context of healthcare and medicine, refers to the financial protection provided by an insurance policy that covers all or a portion of the cost of medical services, treatments, and prescription drugs. The coverage is typically offered by health insurance companies, employers, or government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.

The specific services and treatments covered by insurance, as well as the out-of-pocket costs borne by the insured individual, are determined by the terms of the insurance policy. These terms may include deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, and coverage limits or exclusions. The goal of insurance coverage is to help individuals manage the financial risks associated with healthcare expenses and ensure access to necessary medical services.

Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.

In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.

Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.

Multivariate analysis is a statistical method used to examine the relationship between multiple independent variables and a dependent variable. It allows for the simultaneous examination of the effects of two or more independent variables on an outcome, while controlling for the effects of other variables in the model. This technique can be used to identify patterns, associations, and interactions among multiple variables, and is commonly used in medical research to understand complex health outcomes and disease processes. Examples of multivariate analysis methods include multiple regression, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Gross Domestic Product" (GDP) is an economic term, not a medical one. GDP is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. It serves as a comprehensive measure of a nation’s overall economic activity.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

Hispanic Americans, also known as Latino Americans, are individuals in the United States who are of Spanish-speaking origin or whose ancestors came from Spain, Mexico, Cuba, the Caribbean, Central and South America. This group includes various cultures, races, and nationalities. It is important to note that "Hispanic" refers to a cultural and linguistic affiliation rather than a racial category. Therefore, Hispanic Americans can be of any race, including White, Black, Asian, Native American, or mixed races.

"Sex distribution" is a term used to describe the number of males and females in a study population or sample. It can be presented as a simple count, a percentage, or a ratio. This information is often used in research to identify any differences in health outcomes, disease prevalence, or response to treatment between males and females. Additionally, understanding sex distribution can help researchers ensure that their studies are representative of the general population and can inform the design of future studies.

In the context of medical terminology, "occupations" generally refers to the activities or tasks that a person performs as part of their daily life and routines. This can include both paid work or employment, as well as unpaid activities such as household chores, hobbies, and self-care. The term is often used in the field of occupational therapy, which focuses on helping individuals develop, recover, and maintain the skills needed for participation in their daily occupations and improving their overall quality of life. Additionally, Occupational Medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the prevention and management of job-related injuries and illnesses, as well as promoting health and productivity in the workplace.

The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used in epidemiology and research to estimate the association between an exposure and an outcome. It represents the odds that an event will occur in one group versus the odds that it will occur in another group, assuming that all other factors are held constant.

In medical research, the odds ratio is often used to quantify the strength of the relationship between a risk factor (exposure) and a disease outcome. An OR of 1 indicates no association between the exposure and the outcome, while an OR greater than 1 suggests that there is a positive association between the two. Conversely, an OR less than 1 implies a negative association.

It's important to note that the odds ratio is not the same as the relative risk (RR), which compares the incidence rates of an outcome in two groups. While the OR can approximate the RR when the outcome is rare, they are not interchangeable and can lead to different conclusions about the association between an exposure and an outcome.

Costs refer to the total amount of resources, such as money, time, and labor, that are expended in the provision of a medical service or treatment. Costs can be categorized into direct costs, which include expenses directly related to patient care, such as medication, supplies, and personnel; and indirect costs, which include overhead expenses, such as rent, utilities, and administrative salaries.

Cost analysis is the process of estimating and evaluating the total cost of a medical service or treatment. This involves identifying and quantifying all direct and indirect costs associated with the provision of care, and analyzing how these costs may vary based on factors such as patient volume, resource utilization, and reimbursement rates.

Cost analysis is an important tool for healthcare organizations to understand the financial implications of their operations and make informed decisions about resource allocation, pricing strategies, and quality improvement initiatives. It can also help policymakers and payers evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different treatment options and develop evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice.

I'm not aware of a specific medical definition for "Continental Population Groups." However, in the context of genetics and population health, continental population groups often refer to the major population divisions based on genetic ancestry and geographical origin. These groups typically include:

1. African: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa.
2. European: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Europe.
3. Asian: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Asia, including East Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia.
4. Native American: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from the indigenous populations of North, Central, and South America.
5. Oceanian: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Australia, New Guinea, and neighboring islands in the Pacific region.

It is important to note that these categories are not exhaustive or mutually exclusive, as human migration and admixture have led to a complex web of genetic ancestries. Furthermore, using continental population labels can oversimplify the rich diversity within each group and may perpetuate harmful stereotypes or misunderstandings about racial and ethnic identities.

Unemployment is an economic concept rather than a medical one. It refers to the situation where individuals who are actively seeking employment are unable to find work. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other medical bodies do not provide a specific medical definition for unemployment. However, unemployment can have significant impacts on both physical and mental health, leading to issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, and poor physical health.

Health care surveys are research tools used to systematically collect information from a population or sample regarding their experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of health services, health outcomes, and various other health-related topics. These surveys typically consist of standardized questionnaires that cover specific aspects of healthcare, such as access to care, quality of care, patient satisfaction, health disparities, and healthcare costs. The data gathered from health care surveys are used to inform policy decisions, improve healthcare delivery, identify best practices, allocate resources, and monitor the health status of populations. Health care surveys can be conducted through various modes, including in-person interviews, telephone interviews, mail-in questionnaires, or online platforms.

A cohort study is a type of observational study in which a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure are followed up over time to determine the incidence of a specific outcome or outcomes. The cohort, or group, is defined based on the exposure status (e.g., exposed vs. unexposed) and then monitored prospectively to assess for the development of new health events or conditions.

Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective in design. In a prospective cohort study, participants are enrolled and followed forward in time from the beginning of the study. In contrast, in a retrospective cohort study, researchers identify a cohort that has already been assembled through medical records, insurance claims, or other sources and then look back in time to assess exposure status and health outcomes.

Cohort studies are useful for establishing causality between an exposure and an outcome because they allow researchers to observe the temporal relationship between the two. They can also provide information on the incidence of a disease or condition in different populations, which can be used to inform public health policy and interventions. However, cohort studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, and they may be subject to bias if participants are not representative of the population or if there is loss to follow-up.

Eligibility determination is the process of evaluating whether an individual meets the required criteria or conditions to be qualified for a particular program, benefit, service, or position. This process typically involves assessing various factors such as medical condition, functional abilities, financial status, age, and other relevant aspects based on the specific eligibility requirements.

In the context of healthcare and medical services, eligibility determination is often used to establish whether a patient qualifies for certain treatments, insurance coverage, government assistance programs (like Medicaid or Medicare), or disability benefits. This process may include reviewing medical records, conducting assessments, and comparing the individual's situation with established guidelines or criteria.

The primary goal of eligibility determination is to ensure that resources are allocated fairly and appropriately to those who genuinely need them and meet the necessary requirements.

"Cost of Illness" is a medical-economic concept that refers to the total societal cost associated with a specific disease or health condition. It includes both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are those that can be directly attributed to the illness, such as medical expenses for diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and medications. Indirect costs include productivity losses due to morbidity (reduced efficiency while working) and mortality (lost earnings due to death). Other indirect costs may encompass expenses related to caregiving or special education needs. The Cost of Illness is often used in health policy decision-making, resource allocation, and evaluating the economic impact of diseases on society.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Health behavior can be defined as a series of actions and decisions that individuals take to protect, maintain or promote their health and well-being. These behaviors can include activities such as engaging in regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, getting sufficient sleep, practicing safe sex, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress.

Health behaviors are influenced by various factors, including knowledge and attitudes towards health, beliefs and values, cultural norms, social support networks, environmental factors, and individual genetic predispositions. Understanding health behaviors is essential for developing effective public health interventions and promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall quality of life.

"Medical Assistance" is a term used in the United States that primarily refers to government-funded health care programs for individuals who are unable to afford medical care on their own. The most well-known program is Medicaid, which is a joint federal-state program that provides health coverage for low-income individuals, including children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and people with disabilities.

Medical Assistance can also refer to other government-funded programs that provide financial assistance for medical care, such as the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), which provides low-cost health insurance for children in families who earn too much to qualify for Medicaid but still cannot afford private insurance.

In general, Medical Assistance programs are designed to help ensure that all individuals have access to necessary medical care, regardless of their ability to pay. These programs are funded through a combination of federal and state funds, and eligibility criteria and benefits may vary from state to state.

Health services refer to the delivery of healthcare services, including preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. These services are typically provided by health professionals such as doctors, nurses, and allied health personnel in various settings, including hospitals, clinics, community health centers, and long-term care facilities. Health services may also include public health activities such as health education, surveillance, and health promotion programs aimed at improving the health of populations. The goal of health services is to promote and restore health, prevent disease and injury, and improve the quality of life for individuals and communities.

I apologize for the confusion, but "inflation" is an economic term and not a medical one. Here's a simple explanation of what it means:

Economic inflation is a rise in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the overall prices of these items increase, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within an economic system. This is typically measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Producer Price Index (PPI), and central banks attempt to limit inflation, and avoid deflation, in order to keep the economy running smoothly.

I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Interviews" is a broad topic that isn't typically a medical term or subject. However, interviews can certainly be a part of medical settings and procedures, such as job interviews for healthcare positions, patient interviews during medical consultations, or research interviews in clinical studies.

In the context of medical education, an interview might refer to the process by which medical schools evaluate applicants for admission, known as the medical school interview. This is a critical component of the application process and typically involves one-on-one conversations between the applicant and an admissions committee member or a series of multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) with various evaluators.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "Interviews as Topic" in a medical setting, I'd be happy to help further!

Life expectancy is a statistical measure that indicates the average amount of time a person is expected to live, based on their current age and other demographic factors such as sex, health status, and geographical location. It is often calculated using data from population studies and represents the number of years of life remaining at a given age, assuming that current mortality rates continue to apply.

For example, if the life expectancy at birth in a particular population is 80 years, it means that on average, newborns in that population are expected to live to be 80 years old. However, it's important to note that life expectancy is a statistical measure and does not predict the exact lifespan of any individual person.

"California" is a geographical location and does not have a medical definition. It is a state located on the west coast of the United States, known for its diverse landscape including mountains, beaches, and forests. However, in some contexts, "California" may refer to certain medical conditions or situations that are associated with the state, such as:

* California encephalitis: a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that is common in California and other western states.
* California king snake: a non-venomous snake species found in California and other parts of the southwestern United States, which can bite and cause allergic reactions in some people.
* California roll: a type of sushi roll that originated in California and is made with avocado, cucumber, and crab meat, which may pose an allergy risk for some individuals.

It's important to note that these uses of "California" are not medical definitions per se, but rather descriptive terms that refer to specific conditions or situations associated with the state.

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "China." Generally, it is used to refer to:

1. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a country in East Asia. It is the most populous country in the world and the fourth largest by geographical area. Its capital city is Beijing.
2. In a historical context, "China" was used to refer to various dynasties and empires that existed in East Asia over thousands of years. The term "Middle Kingdom" or "Zhongguo" (中国) has been used by the Chinese people to refer to their country for centuries.
3. In a more general sense, "China" can also be used to describe products or goods that originate from or are associated with the People's Republic of China.

If you have a specific context in which you encountered the term "China" related to medicine, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.

"World Health" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, it is often used in the context of global health, which can be defined as:

"The area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. It emphasizes trans-national health issues, determinants, and solutions; involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences and engages stakeholders from across sectors and societies." (World Health Organization)

Therefore, "world health" could refer to the overall health status and health challenges faced by populations around the world. It encompasses a broad range of factors that affect the health of individuals and communities, including social, economic, environmental, and political determinants. The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a key role in monitoring and promoting global health, setting international standards and guidelines, and coordinating responses to global health emergencies.

'Vulnerable populations' is a term used in public health and medicine to refer to groups of individuals who are at a higher risk of negative health outcomes or have limited access to healthcare services. These populations can be defined by various sociodemographic, economic, and environmental factors, including:

1. Age: Older adults and children, especially those with chronic medical conditions, are often considered vulnerable populations due to their increased susceptibility to illness and reduced ability to access care.
2. Race/Ethnicity: Racial and ethnic minorities may face barriers to healthcare access, discrimination, and systemic inequities that contribute to poorer health outcomes.
3. Socioeconomic status: Individuals with low income, limited education, or unstable housing are more likely to experience health disparities due to reduced access to quality healthcare, nutritious food, and safe living environments.
4. Disability status: People with disabilities may face physical, communication, or attitudinal barriers that limit their ability to access healthcare services and contribute to poorer health outcomes.
5. Sexual orientation and gender identity: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals often experience discrimination and stigma in healthcare settings, which can negatively impact their health and access to care.
6. Immigration status: Undocumented immigrants and refugees may face legal barriers to healthcare access, language barriers, and fear of deportation that contribute to poorer health outcomes.
7. Geographic location: Rural areas and urban "food deserts" often lack adequate healthcare resources and access, leading to health disparities for residents in these regions.
8. Incarceration status: Individuals involved in the criminal justice system may experience limited access to healthcare services and face unique health challenges related to their incarceration.
9. Mental health status: People with mental illness or substance use disorders are often considered vulnerable populations due to stigma, discrimination, and reduced access to quality care.

It is important to note that these factors can intersect and compound the vulnerabilities faced by individuals within these groups. Addressing the needs of vulnerable populations requires a comprehensive approach that addresses social determinants of health, systemic inequities, and barriers to healthcare access.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Models, Econometric" is not a medical term. Econometric models are statistical tools used in the field of economics to estimate economic relationships and forecast future outcomes. They are based on economic theory and use historical data to estimate the parameters of mathematical equations that describe these relationships.

If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to try to help! Just let me know what you're looking for.

"Age distribution" is a term used to describe the number of individuals within a population or sample that fall into different age categories. It is often presented in the form of a graph, table, or chart, and can provide important information about the demographic structure of a population.

The age distribution of a population can be influenced by a variety of factors, including birth rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, and aging. Public health officials and researchers use age distribution data to inform policies and programs related to healthcare, social services, and other areas that affect the well-being of populations.

For example, an age distribution graph might show a larger number of individuals in the younger age categories, indicating a population with a high birth rate. Alternatively, it might show a larger number of individuals in the older age categories, indicating a population with a high life expectancy or an aging population. Understanding the age distribution of a population can help policymakers plan for future needs and allocate resources more effectively.

Health services needs refer to the population's requirement for healthcare services based on their health status, disease prevalence, and clinical guidelines. These needs can be categorized into normative needs (based on expert opinions or clinical guidelines) and expressed needs (based on individuals' perceptions of their own healthcare needs).

On the other hand, health services demand refers to the quantity of healthcare services that consumers are willing and able to pay for, given their preferences, values, and financial resources. Demand is influenced by various factors such as price, income, education level, and cultural beliefs.

It's important to note that while needs represent a population's requirement for healthcare services, demand reflects the actual utilization of these services. Understanding both health services needs and demand is crucial in planning and delivering effective healthcare services that meet the population's requirements while ensuring efficient resource allocation.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Disability insurance is a type of health insurance that provides coverage and financial benefits to individuals who become unable to work due to illness or injury. This insurance replaces a portion of the insured's income, typically between 50% to 70%, during the period of disability, helping to maintain their standard of living and cover ongoing expenses such as housing, food, and medical care.

There are two main types of disability insurance: short-term and long-term. Short-term disability insurance usually provides benefits for a limited period, typically up to 6 months or a year, while long-term disability insurance offers coverage for an extended duration, often until the insured reaches retirement age or is no longer disabled.

Disability insurance policies can be obtained through employers as part of their employee benefits package or purchased individually by individuals. The specific terms and conditions of disability insurance, including the definition of disability, waiting period, benefit amount, and duration, may vary depending on the policy and insurer.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Mothers" is a term that refers to individuals who have given birth to and raised children. It is not a medical term with a specific definition. If you are referring to a different word or term, please clarify so I can provide a more accurate response.

"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices" (HKAP) is a term used in public health to refer to the knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors that individuals possess or engage in that are related to health. Here's a brief definition of each component:

1. Health Knowledge: Refers to the factual information and understanding that individuals have about various health-related topics, such as anatomy, physiology, disease processes, and healthy behaviors.
2. Attitudes: Represent the positive or negative evaluations, feelings, or dispositions that people hold towards certain health issues, practices, or services. These attitudes can influence their willingness to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.
3. Practices: Encompass the specific actions or habits that individuals engage in related to their health, such as dietary choices, exercise routines, hygiene practices, and use of healthcare services.

HKAP is a multidimensional concept that helps public health professionals understand and address various factors influencing individual and community health outcomes. By assessing and addressing knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, or unhealthy practices, interventions can be designed to promote positive behavior change and improve overall health status.

Medical professionals may use the term "social conditions" to refer to various environmental and sociological factors that can impact an individual's health and well-being. These conditions can include things like:

* Socioeconomic status (SES): This refers to a person's position in society, which is often determined by their income, education level, and occupation. People with lower SES are more likely to experience poor health outcomes due to factors such as limited access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe housing.
* Social determinants of health (SDOH): These are the conditions in which people live, learn, work, and play that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes. Examples include poverty, discrimination, housing instability, education level, and access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities.
* Social support: This refers to the emotional, informational, and instrumental assistance that individuals receive from their social networks, including family, friends, neighbors, and community members. Strong social support is associated with better health outcomes, while lack of social support can contribute to poor health.
* Social isolation: This occurs when people are disconnected from others and have limited social contacts or interactions. Social isolation can lead to negative health outcomes such as depression, cognitive decline, and increased risk for chronic diseases.
* Community context: The physical and social characteristics of the communities in which people live can also impact their health. Factors such as access to green spaces, transportation options, and safe housing can all contribute to better health outcomes.

Overall, social conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and addressing these factors is essential for promoting health equity and improving overall public health.

Medical sociology is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the social aspects of health, illness, and healthcare. It studies how various social factors such as race, class, gender, age, and culture influence health outcomes and access to healthcare services. Medical sociologists also examine the organization and delivery of healthcare systems, the physician-patient relationship, and the impact of medical technologies on society. They use a variety of research methods including surveys, interviews, ethnographic observation, and content analysis to gather data and analyze social patterns related to health and medicine. The field of medical sociology is closely linked with other disciplines such as anthropology, psychology, and public health.

A nutrition survey is not a medical term per se, but it is a research method used in the field of nutrition and public health. Here's a definition:

A nutrition survey is a study design that systematically collects and analyzes data on dietary intake, nutritional status, and related factors from a defined population or sample. It aims to describe the nutritional situation, identify nutritional problems, and monitor trends in a population over time. Nutrition surveys can be cross-sectional, longitudinal, or community-based and may involve various data collection methods such as interviews, questionnaires, observations, physical measurements, and biological samples. The results of nutrition surveys are used to inform nutrition policies, programs, and interventions aimed at improving the nutritional status and health outcomes of populations.

Fees and charges in a medical context refer to the costs that patients are required to pay for healthcare services, treatments, or procedures. These may include:

1. Professional fees: The amount charged by healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses, or therapists for their time, expertise, and services provided during consultations, examinations, or treatments.

2. Hospital charges: The costs associated with a patient's hospital stay, including room and board, nursing care, medications, and diagnostic tests.

3. Facility fees: Additional charges levied by hospitals, clinics, or ambulatory surgery centers to cover the overhead expenses of maintaining the facility and its equipment.

4. Procedure or treatment-specific fees: Costs directly related to specific medical procedures, surgeries, or treatments, such as anesthesia, radiology services, laboratory tests, or surgical supplies.

5. Ancillary fees: Additional costs for items like crutches, slings, or durable medical equipment that patients may need during their recovery process.

6. Insurance copayments, coinsurance, and deductibles: The portion of healthcare expenses that patients are responsible for paying based on their insurance policy terms.

It is essential for patients to understand the fees and charges associated with their medical care to make informed decisions about their treatment options and manage their healthcare costs effectively.

Patient acceptance of health care refers to the willingness and ability of a patient to follow and engage in a recommended treatment plan or healthcare regimen. This involves understanding the proposed medical interventions, considering their potential benefits and risks, and making an informed decision to proceed with the recommended course of action.

The factors that influence patient acceptance can include:

1. Patient's understanding of their condition and treatment options
2. Trust in their healthcare provider
3. Personal beliefs and values related to health and illness
4. Cultural, linguistic, or socioeconomic barriers
5. Emotional responses to the diagnosis or proposed treatment
6. Practical considerations, such as cost, time commitment, or potential side effects

Healthcare providers play a crucial role in facilitating patient acceptance by clearly communicating information, addressing concerns and questions, and providing support throughout the decision-making process. Encouraging shared decision-making and tailoring care plans to individual patient needs and preferences can also enhance patient acceptance of health care.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Linear Models" is actually a term from the field of statistics and machine learning, rather than medicine. A linear model is a type of statistical model that is used to analyze the relationship between two or more variables. In a linear model, the relationship between the dependent variable (the outcome or result) and the independent variable(s) (the factors being studied) is assumed to be linear, meaning that it can be described by a straight line on a graph.

The equation for a simple linear model with one independent variable (x) and one dependent variable (y) looks like this:

y = β0 + β1*x + ε

In this equation, β0 is the y-intercept or the value of y when x equals zero, β1 is the slope or the change in y for each unit increase in x, and ε is the error term or the difference between the actual values of y and the predicted values of y based on the linear model.

Linear models are widely used in medical research to study the relationship between various factors (such as exposure to a risk factor or treatment) and health outcomes (such as disease incidence or mortality). They can also be used to adjust for confounding variables, which are factors that may influence both the independent variable and the dependent variable, and thus affect the observed relationship between them.

'Government Financing' in the context of healthcare refers to the role of government in funding healthcare services, programs, and infrastructure. This can be achieved through various mechanisms such as:

1. Direct provision of healthcare services: The government operates and funds its own hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, where it employs healthcare professionals to deliver care.
2. Public insurance programs: The government establishes and manages health insurance programs, like Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, which provide coverage for specific populations and reimburse healthcare providers for services delivered to enrollees.
3. Tax subsidies and incentives: Governments may offer tax breaks or other financial incentives to encourage private investments in healthcare infrastructure, research, and development.
4. Grants and loans: Government agencies can provide funding to healthcare organizations, researchers, and educational institutions in the form of grants and loans for specific projects, programs, or initiatives.
5. Public-private partnerships (PPPs): Governments collaborate with private entities to jointly fund and manage healthcare services, facilities, or infrastructure projects.

Government financing plays a significant role in shaping healthcare systems and ensuring access to care for vulnerable populations. The extent of government involvement in financing varies across countries, depending on their political, economic, and social contexts.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taxes" is not a medical term. It refers to a compulsory financial charge or levy imposed on individuals or entities by a governmental authority to fund various public expenditures and services. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Child welfare is a broad term that refers to the overall well-being and protection of children. It encompasses a range of services and interventions aimed at promoting the physical, emotional, social, and educational development of children, while also protecting them from harm, abuse, and neglect. The medical definition of child welfare may include:

1. Preventive Services: Programs and interventions designed to strengthen families and prevent child maltreatment, such as home visiting programs, parent education classes, and family support services.
2. Protective Services: Interventions that aim to protect children from harm, abuse, or neglect, including investigations of reports of maltreatment, removal of children from dangerous situations, and provision of alternative care arrangements.
3. Family Reunification Services: Efforts to reunite children with their families when it is safe and in the best interest of the child, such as family therapy, parent-child visitation, and case management services.
4. Permanency Planning: The development of long-term plans for children who cannot safely return to their families, including adoption, guardianship, or other permanent living arrangements.
5. Foster Care Services: Provision of temporary care for children who cannot safely remain in their own homes, including placement with foster families, group homes, or residential treatment facilities.
6. Child Health and Development Services: Programs that promote the physical, emotional, and developmental well-being of children, such as health screenings, immunizations, mental health services, and early intervention programs for children with special needs.
7. Advocacy and Policy Development: Efforts to promote policies and practices that support the well-being and protection of children, including advocating for laws and regulations that protect children's rights and ensure their safety and well-being.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Private Sector" is not a medical definition. It is an economic and sociopolitical term that refers to businesses and organizations which are not owned or controlled by the government. They can be privately owned and operated for profit, such as corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships, or they can be non-profit organizations, such as charities and advocacy groups. The private sector is distinct from the "Public Sector," which includes entities that are owned and controlled by the government, like public schools, hospitals, and other services provided by the state.

A Public Sector, in the context of healthcare, refers to the portion of a country's health system that is managed and funded by the government. This sector provides medical services through state-owned hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, as well as through publicly financed programs such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States or the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. The public sector aims to ensure that all citizens have access to necessary medical care, regardless of their ability to pay. It is often funded through taxes and is accountable to the public for its performance.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "disabled persons" are those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which may hinder their participation in society on an equal basis with others. The term "disability" is not meant to be understood as a 'personal tragedy' but rather as a complex interaction between the features of a person's body and mind, the activities they wish to perform and the physical and social barriers they encounter in their environment.

It's important to note that the term 'disabled persons' has been largely replaced by 'people with disabilities' or 'persons with disabilities' in many contexts, as it is considered more respectful and empowering to put the person first, rather than focusing on their disability. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) uses the term "persons with disabilities" throughout its text.

Small-area analysis is a research method used in epidemiology and public health to examine health outcomes, healthcare utilization, and other health-related factors across small geographic areas or populations. This approach allows for the identification of spatial patterns, disparities, and clustering of health issues within communities, which can inform the development and targeting of interventions, policies, and resources to improve health outcomes and reduce inequalities.

Small-area analysis often involves the use of statistical techniques, such as spatial statistics and geographic information systems (GIS), to analyze data at a fine spatial resolution, typically at the level of census tracts, zip codes, or other small administrative units. This method can help identify areas with high rates of disease or poor health outcomes, as well as social determinants of health that may contribute to these disparities, such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and environmental exposures.

Overall, small-area analysis is a valuable tool for understanding the geographic distribution of health issues and developing targeted interventions to improve population health.

Economic development is a term that refers to the sustained, concerted actions of policy makers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a region or nation. It is characterized by improvements in various indicators such as:

1. Increase in per capita income: This is measured as the total income of a region divided by its population. An increase in this value indicates that, on average, people are becoming wealthier.
2. Improvement in the Human Development Index (HDI): The HDI is a composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.
3. Creation of employment opportunities: Economic development efforts often aim to create jobs and reduce unemployment rates.
4. Reduction in poverty rates: This is measured as the percentage of people whose income falls below a certain level, known as the poverty line.
5. Improvement in infrastructure: This includes the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, public transportation systems, water and sewage systems, and other physical facilities that support economic activity.
6. Encouragement of entrepreneurship and innovation: Economic development policies may also aim to foster a favorable environment for the creation and growth of businesses, particularly those that are innovative and have high growth potential.
7. Promotion of exports: Increasing a region's or nation's exports can lead to economic growth, as it brings in foreign currency and creates jobs.
8. Attraction of foreign investment: Foreign investors bring capital, technology, and expertise to a region or country, which can spur economic development.
9. Sustainable development: Economic development efforts should also consider the long-term sustainability of economic activities, taking into account factors such as environmental protection and resource conservation.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure used to assess whether a person has a healthy weight for their height. It's calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Here is the medical definition:

Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight(kg) / [height(m)]^2

According to the World Health Organization, BMI categories are defined as follows:

* Less than 18.5: Underweight
* 18.5-24.9: Normal or healthy weight
* 25.0-29.9: Overweight
* 30.0 and above: Obese

It is important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying weight issues in populations, it does have limitations when applied to individuals. For example, it may not accurately reflect body fat distribution or muscle mass, which can affect health risks associated with excess weight. Therefore, BMI should be used as one of several factors when evaluating an individual's health status and risk for chronic diseases.

A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.

It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.

An economic recession is a significant decline in economic activity that spreads across the economy and lasts more than a few months. It is typically defined as a decrease in gross domestic product (GDP) for two or more consecutive quarters. A recession can also be characterized by high unemployment, declining retail sales, and falling industrial production. Recessions are usually caused by a combination of factors, including financial panics, monetary policy mistakes, and external shocks such as wars or natural disasters. The severity and duration of a recession can vary widely, with some being relatively mild and short-lived, while others can be more severe and prolonged. In general, recessions are a normal part of the business cycle and are typically followed by periods of economic expansion.

Rural health is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the unique health challenges and needs of people living in rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rural health as "the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in the rural population."

Rural populations often face disparities in healthcare access and quality compared to their urban counterparts. Factors such as geographic isolation, poverty, lack of transportation, and a shortage of healthcare providers can contribute to these disparities. Rural health encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, prevention, chronic disease management, mental health, oral health, and emergency medical services.

The goal of rural health is to improve the health outcomes of rural populations by addressing these unique challenges and providing high-quality, accessible healthcare services that meet their needs. This may involve innovative approaches such as telemedicine, mobile health clinics, and community-based programs to reach people in remote areas.

Universal coverage is a term used in healthcare policy to describe a system in which all residents of a particular country or region have access to necessary healthcare services, regardless of their ability to pay. This can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as mandatory health insurance, government provision of care, or a mix of public and private financing.

The goal of universal coverage is to ensure that everyone has access to essential medical services, including preventive care, doctor visits, hospitalizations, and prescription medications, without facing financial hardship due to medical expenses. Universal coverage can help reduce disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, improve overall population health, and provide economic benefits by reducing the burden of uncompensated care on healthcare providers and taxpayers.

It's important to note that universal coverage does not necessarily mean that all healthcare services are provided for free or at no cost to the individual. Rather, it means that everyone has access to a basic level of care, and that out-of-pocket costs are kept affordable through various mechanisms such as cost-sharing, subsidies, or risk pooling.

Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.

The term "family" in a medical context often refers to a group of individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and who consider themselves to be a single household. This can include spouses, parents, children, siblings, grandparents, and other extended family members. In some cases, the term may also be used more broadly to refer to any close-knit group of people who provide emotional and social support for one another, regardless of their biological or legal relationship.

In healthcare settings, understanding a patient's family dynamics can be important for providing effective care. Family members may be involved in decision-making about medical treatments, providing care and support at home, and communicating with healthcare providers. Additionally, cultural beliefs and values within families can influence health behaviors and attitudes towards medical care, making it essential for healthcare professionals to take a culturally sensitive approach when working with patients and their families.

Medicaid is a joint federal-state program that provides health coverage for low-income individuals, including children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and people with disabilities. Eligibility, benefits, and administration vary by state, but the program is designed to ensure that low-income individuals have access to necessary medical services. Medicaid is funded jointly by the federal government and the states, and is administered by the states under broad federal guidelines.

Medicaid programs must cover certain mandatory benefits, such as inpatient and outpatient hospital services, laboratory and X-ray services, and physician services. States also have the option to provide additional benefits, such as dental care, vision services, and prescription drugs. In addition, many states have expanded their Medicaid programs to cover more low-income adults under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Medicaid is an important source of health coverage for millions of Americans, providing access to necessary medical care and helping to reduce financial burden for low-income individuals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country in South Asia, the second-most populous country in the world, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and numerous contributions to various fields including medicine. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to help answer them!

An "attitude to health" is a set of beliefs, values, and behaviors that an individual holds regarding their own health and well-being. It encompasses their overall approach to maintaining good health, preventing illness, seeking medical care, and managing any existing health conditions.

A positive attitude to health typically includes:

1. A belief in the importance of self-care and taking responsibility for one's own health.
2. Engaging in regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and avoiding harmful behaviors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Regular check-ups and screenings to detect potential health issues early on.
4. Seeking medical care when necessary and following recommended treatment plans.
5. A willingness to learn about and implement new healthy habits and lifestyle changes.
6. Developing a strong support network of family, friends, and healthcare professionals.

On the other hand, a negative attitude to health may involve:

1. Neglecting self-care and failing to take responsibility for one's own health.
2. Engaging in unhealthy behaviors such as sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, lack of sleep, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Avoidance of regular check-ups and screenings, leading to delayed detection and treatment of potential health issues.
4. Resistance to seeking medical care or following recommended treatment plans.
5. Closed-mindedness towards new healthy habits and lifestyle changes.
6. Lack of a support network or reluctance to seek help from others.

Overall, an individual's attitude to health can significantly impact their physical and mental well-being, as well as their ability to manage and overcome any health challenges that may arise.

National health programs are systematic, large-scale initiatives that are put in place by national governments to address specific health issues or improve the overall health of a population. These programs often involve coordinated efforts across various sectors, including healthcare, education, and social services. They may aim to increase access to care, improve the quality of care, prevent the spread of diseases, promote healthy behaviors, or reduce health disparities. Examples of national health programs include immunization campaigns, tobacco control initiatives, and efforts to address chronic diseases such as diabetes or heart disease. These programs are typically developed based on scientific research, evidence-based practices, and public health data, and they may be funded through a variety of sources, including government budgets, grants, and private donations.

Health policy refers to a set of decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a population. It is formulated by governmental and non-governmental organizations with the objective of providing guidance and direction for the management and delivery of healthcare services. Health policies address various aspects of healthcare, including access, financing, quality, and equity. They can be designed to promote health, prevent disease, and provide treatment and rehabilitation services to individuals who are sick or injured. Effective health policies require careful consideration of scientific evidence, ethical principles, and societal values to ensure that they meet the needs of the population while being fiscally responsible.

The term "African Continental Ancestry Group" is a racial category used in the field of genetics and population health to describe individuals who have ancestral origins in the African continent. This group includes people from diverse ethnic backgrounds, cultures, and languages across the African continent. It's important to note that this term is used for genetic and epidemiological research purposes and should not be used to make assumptions about an individual's personal identity, culture, or experiences.

It's also worth noting that there is significant genetic diversity within Africa, and using a single category to describe all individuals with African ancestry can oversimplify this diversity. Therefore, it's more accurate and informative to specify the particular population or region of African ancestry when discussing genetic research or health outcomes.

A medical definition of 'food' would be:

"Substances consumed by living organisms, usually in the form of meals, which contain necessary nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These substances are broken down during digestion to provide energy, build and repair tissues, and regulate bodily functions."

It's important to note that while this is a medical definition, it also aligns with common understanding of what food is.

Dental care refers to the practice of maintaining and improving the oral health of the teeth and gums. It involves regular check-ups, cleanings, and treatments by dental professionals such as dentists, hygienists, and dental assistants. Dental care also includes personal habits and practices, such as brushing and flossing, that help prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

Regular dental care is important for preventing common dental problems like cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. It can also help detect early signs of more serious health issues, such as oral cancer or diabetes, which can have symptoms that appear in the mouth.

Dental care may involve a range of treatments, from routine cleanings and fillings to more complex procedures like root canals, crowns, bridges, and implants. Dental professionals use various tools and techniques to diagnose and treat dental problems, including X-rays, dental impressions, and local anesthesia.

Overall, dental care is a critical component of overall health and wellness, as poor oral health has been linked to a range of systemic health issues, including heart disease, stroke, and respiratory infections.

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat to the extent that it negatively impacts health. It's typically defined using Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure calculated from a person's weight and height. A BMI of 30 or higher is indicative of obesity. However, it's important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying obesity in populations, it does not directly measure body fat and may not accurately reflect health status in individuals. Other factors such as waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels should also be considered when assessing health risks associated with weight.

I must clarify that I can't provide a "medical definition" of marriage, as the concept of marriage is a social, legal, and often religious institution, rather than a medical one. However, I can tell you that there are no medical definitions associated with the term "marriage." It is typically defined in terms of a committed relationship between two individuals, recognized by law and/or religion, which may involve shared responsibilities, rights, and obligations.

Medical fees are the charges for services provided by medical professionals and healthcare facilities. These fees can vary widely depending on the type of service, the provider, and the geographic location. They may include charges for office visits, procedures, surgeries, hospital stays, diagnostic tests, and prescribed medications. In some cases, medical fees may be covered in part or in full by health insurance, but in other cases patients may be responsible for paying these fees out of pocket. It is important for patients to understand the fees associated with their medical care and to ask questions about any charges that they do not understand.

Psychosocial deprivation is not strictly defined within the field of medicine, but it is a term used in the social sciences and healthcare to refer to the lack or absence of experiences, relationships, resources, and environmental conditions that are essential for psychological and social growth, development, and well-being. It can result from various factors such as poverty, neglect, abuse, separation from caregivers, social isolation, or living in a dysfunctional environment.

Prolonged psychosocial deprivation can lead to significant impairments in cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social functioning, which may manifest as developmental delays, learning disabilities, mental health disorders, attachment issues, and poor quality of life. Healthcare professionals, particularly those working in mental health, often consider psychosocial factors when assessing and treating individuals to ensure comprehensive care that addresses both medical and environmental needs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "retirement" is not a term that has a medical definition. Retirement generally refers to the point in a person's life when they stop working or withdraw from one's position or occupation. It is often associated with reaching a certain age or becoming eligible for pension benefits. However, it's important to note that retirement can have various physical and mental health implications, as it can impact social connections, cognitive stimulation, financial security, and daily structure, among other factors. These impacts can be either positive or negative, depending on the individual's circumstances and experiences during retirement.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Financial Support" is not a medical term. It generally refers to the provision of money or other financial resources to help meet expenses or needs. In a healthcare context, it might refer to assistance provided to patients who are unable to afford their medical costs, such as through insurance, government programs, or charitable organizations. However, there is no specific medical definition for this term.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "parents" is not a term that has a medical definition. In general usage, parents are the two people (typically) who bring up and care for a child, or who have given birth to or adopted a child. They are responsible for the child's housing, food, clothing, education, and medical care. Is there a specific medical or healthcare-related context you had in mind? I would be happy to help further if I can.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pensions" are not a medical term. A pension is a retirement plan that provides a regular payment to retirees, typically based on their salary history and length of employment. It is a type of employee benefit provided by many employers, including government agencies and private companies.

If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help!

Cost sharing in a medical or healthcare context refers to the portion of health care costs that are paid by the patient or health plan member, rather than by their insurance company. Cost sharing can take various forms, including deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments.

A deductible is the amount that a patient must pay out of pocket for medical services before their insurance coverage kicks in. For example, if a health plan has a $1,000 deductible, the patient must pay the first $1,000 of their medical expenses before their insurance starts covering costs.

Coinsurance is the percentage of medical costs that a patient is responsible for paying after they have met their deductible. For example, if a health plan has 20% coinsurance, the patient would pay 20% of the cost of medical services, and their insurance would cover the remaining 80%.

Copayments are fixed amounts that patients must pay for specific medical services, such as doctor visits or prescription medications. Copayments are typically paid at the time of service and do not count towards a patient's deductible.

Cost sharing is intended to encourage patients to be more cost-conscious in their use of healthcare services, as they have a financial incentive to seek out lower-cost options. However, high levels of cost sharing can also create barriers to accessing necessary medical care, particularly for low-income individuals and families.

Nutritional status is a concept that refers to the condition of an individual in relation to their nutrient intake, absorption, metabolism, and excretion. It encompasses various aspects such as body weight, muscle mass, fat distribution, presence of any deficiencies or excesses of specific nutrients, and overall health status.

A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status typically includes a review of dietary intake, anthropometric measurements (such as height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), laboratory tests (such as serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol levels, vitamin and mineral levels), and clinical evaluation for signs of malnutrition or overnutrition.

Malnutrition can result from inadequate intake or absorption of nutrients, increased nutrient requirements due to illness or injury, or excessive loss of nutrients due to medical conditions. On the other hand, overnutrition can lead to obesity and related health problems such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer.

Therefore, maintaining a good nutritional status is essential for overall health and well-being, and it is an important consideration in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various medical conditions.

Social support in a medical context refers to the resources and assistance provided by an individual's social network, including family, friends, peers, and community groups. These resources can include emotional, informational, and instrumental support, which help individuals cope with stress, manage health conditions, and maintain their overall well-being.

Emotional support involves providing empathy, care, and encouragement to help an individual feel valued, understood, and cared for. Informational support refers to the provision of advice, guidance, and knowledge that can help an individual make informed decisions about their health or other aspects of their life. Instrumental support includes practical assistance such as help with daily tasks, financial aid, or access to resources.

Social support has been shown to have a positive impact on physical and mental health outcomes, including reduced stress levels, improved immune function, better coping skills, and increased resilience. It can also play a critical role in promoting healthy behaviors, such as adherence to medical treatments and lifestyle changes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but there isn't a universally accepted medical or scientific definition for "happiness." Happiness is a subjective experience and can mean different things to different people. It's often associated with feelings of joy, contentment, satisfaction, or well-being.

However, in the field of positive psychology, happiness is sometimes defined as "the overall experience of pleasure and meaning" or "subjective well-being." This can be measured in terms of both cognitive judgments (how satisfied people are with their lives) and affective evaluations (how often people experience positive emotions and negative emotions).

Please note that while we can study factors that contribute to happiness, such as strong social connections, meaningful activities, and positive emotions, the experience of happiness itself is highly individual and subjective.

A "social environment" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, but it is often used in the context of public health and social sciences to refer to the physical and social conditions, relationships, and organized institutions that influence the health and well-being of individuals and communities.

The social environment includes factors such as:

* Social support networks (family, friends, community)
* Cultural norms and values
* Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation)
* Housing and neighborhood conditions
* Access to resources (food, healthcare, transportation)
* Exposure to discrimination, violence, and other stressors

These factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes, as they can influence behaviors related to health (such as diet, exercise, and substance use), as well as exposure to disease and access to healthcare. Understanding the social environment is essential for developing effective public health interventions and policies that promote health equity and reduce health disparities.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "life style" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to the way an individual or group lives, including their habits, behaviors, and preferences in areas such as diet, exercise, recreation, and stress management. Some lifestyle factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes and risk for certain diseases. However, it is not a medical term with a specific clinical meaning.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

In the context of medicine, specialization refers to the process or state of a physician, surgeon, or other healthcare professional acquiring and demonstrating expertise in a particular field or area of practice beyond their initial general training. This is usually achieved through additional years of education, training, and clinical experience in a specific medical discipline or subspecialty.

For instance, a doctor who has completed medical school and a general residency program may choose to specialize in cardiology, dermatology, neurology, orthopedics, psychiatry, or any other branch of medicine. After completing a specialized fellowship program and passing the relevant certification exams, they become certified as a specialist in that field, recognized by professional medical organizations such as the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC).

Specialization allows healthcare professionals to provide more focused, expert care for patients with specific conditions or needs. It also contributes to the development and advancement of medical knowledge and practice, as specialists often conduct research and contribute to the evidence base in their respective fields.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ontario" is not a medical term. It is the name of a province in Canada, similar to how "California" is the name of a state in the United States. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health conditions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

A confidence interval (CI) is a range of values that is likely to contain the true value of a population parameter with a certain level of confidence. It is commonly used in statistical analysis to express the uncertainty associated with estimates derived from sample data.

For example, if we calculate a 95% confidence interval for the mean height of a population based on a sample of individuals, we can say that we are 95% confident that the true population mean height falls within the calculated range. The width of the confidence interval gives us an idea of how precise our estimate is - narrower intervals indicate more precise estimates, while wider intervals suggest greater uncertainty.

Confidence intervals are typically calculated using statistical formulas that take into account the sample size, standard deviation, and level of confidence desired. They can be used to compare different groups or to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in medical research.

Medical practice management refers to the administrative and operational aspects of running a healthcare organization or medical practice. It involves overseeing and coordinating various business functions such as finance, human resources, marketing, patient scheduling, billing and coding, compliance with regulations, and information technology systems. The goal of medical practice management is to ensure that the practice runs efficiently, effectively, and profitably while delivering high-quality care to patients.

Medical practice managers may be responsible for developing policies and procedures, hiring and training staff, managing patient flow, ensuring regulatory compliance, implementing quality improvement initiatives, and overseeing financial performance. They must have a strong understanding of medical billing and coding practices, healthcare regulations, and electronic health record (EHR) systems. Effective communication skills, leadership abilities, and attention to detail are also important qualities for successful medical practice managers.

"Sampling studies" is not a specific medical term, but rather a general term that refers to research studies in which a sample of individuals or data is collected and analyzed to make inferences about a larger population. In medical research, sampling studies can be used to estimate the prevalence of diseases or risk factors within a certain population, to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions, or to study the relationships between various health-related variables.

The sample for a sampling study may be selected using various methods, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, or convenience sampling. The choice of sampling method depends on the research question, the characteristics of the population of interest, and practical considerations related to cost, time, and feasibility.

It is important to note that sampling studies have limitations and potential sources of bias, just like any other research design. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the study methods and limitations when interpreting the results of sampling studies in medical research.

Citizen's dividend Comprehensive income Guaranteed minimum income Income tax Revenue Social dividend Universal basic income ... National income, measured by statistics such as net national income (NNI), measures the total income of individuals, ... US GAAP does not define income but does define comprehensive income (CON 8.4.E75): Comprehensive income is the change in equity ... An extremely important definition of income is Haig-Simons income, which defines income as Consumption + Change in net worth ...
Since 2020, Social Income has been running an open-ended universal basic income program in Sierra Leone. Social Income was ... The Stanford Basic Income Lab (January 1, 2022). "Map of Universal Basic Income Experiments". The Stanford Basic Income Lab. ... Social Income. Retrieved September 18, 2023. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Social Income. Social Income website (CS1 ... Social Income garantiert das Grundeinkommen für drei Jahre. [Social Income guarantees basic income for three years] "Eigentlich ...
"Realty Income Closes Merger With VEREIT" (Press release). PR Newswire. November 1, 2021. Business data for Realty Income ... "William E. Clark to Retire as Realty Income Chairman" (Press release). Business Wire. September 3, 2013. "Realty Income To ... "Realty Income Set to Join S&P 500; Windstream, Douglas Emmett to Join the S&P MidCap 400; Gentherm, Echo Global Logistics to ... "Realty Income Names John P. Case to Succeed Tom A. Lewis As Chief Executive Officer" (Press release). PR Newswire. September 3 ...
Median household income Personal income v t e (Articles lacking sources from December 2009, All articles lacking sources, ... Family income is generally considered a primary measure of a nation's financial prosperity. In the United States, political ... The party in power often takes the credit (or blame) for any significant changes in family income. ... parties perennially disagree over which economic policies are more likely to increase family income. ...
... is the income of individuals or nations after adjusting for inflation. It is calculated by dividing nominal income ... nominal income will eventually go up by 10%, leaving real income unchanged from its original value. Kagan, Julia. "Real Income ... then with nominal income of still 100, one can buy roughly 9% less; so if nominal income was not adjusted for inflation (did ... while nominal variables such as nominal income and nominal GDP are measured in monetary units. Therefore, real income is a more ...
... refers to an individual who through work, investments or a combination of both derives income, which has a fixed ... In the US for example, 42% of all households and 75% of those in the top 20% with incomes exceeding $91,200, had two income ... "US Census Bureau, income quintile and top 5% household income distribution and demographic characteristics, 2006". Archived ... The vast majority of income earners derive most of their income from occupational activities. In many western countries, such ...
As such, property income is a subset of unearned income and is often classified as passive income. Property income is nominal ... Property income refers to profit or income received by virtue of owning property. The three forms of property income are rent, ... As such, income derived through property ownership constitutes a type of "unearned income" on the basis of economic ... Capitalism Cash flow Earned income Economic rent Exploitation FIRE economy Landlord Passive income Private property Profit ...
... may refer to: Economic egalitarianism, a state of economic affairs in which equality of outcome has been ... in a society List of countries by income equality This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Income ... manufactured for all participants Economic inequality, differences in the distribution of wealth and income within or between ...
This acquisition builds on a 2018 investment Capital One made in United Income. United Income is an investment firm that offers ... United Income raised $5.8 million in seed funding in 2016. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ... United Income, Inc. is an online investment management and financial planning company located in Washington D.C. The company ... United Income's team of policy experts includes former U.S. Social Security Administration Director of the Office of Policy ...
... is an income-related benefit in the United Kingdom for some people who are on a low income, but have a reason ... Claims for Income Support made before that date were transferred to ESA. Prior to this, claimants could be entitled to Income ... "Income Support Contact Number". "Income Support - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 30 April 2017. "Disability premiums - GOV.UK ... A person with capital over £16,000 cannot get Income Support, and savings over £6,000 affect how much Income Support can be ...
Income tax Income tax in Australia Income tax in Canada Income tax in Hong Kong Income tax in the United Kingdom Income tax in ... Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax. In other words, the income over which the ... Taxable income may refer to the income of any taxpayer, including individuals and corporations, as well as entities that ... Many systems provide that some types of income are not taxable (sometimes called non-assessable income) and some expenditures ...
The term "fixed income" is also applied to a person's income that does not vary materially over time. This can include income ... When pensioners or retirees are dependent on their pension as their dominant source of income, the term "fixed income" can also ... The term "fixed" in "fixed income" refers to both the schedule of obligatory payments and the amount. "Fixed income securities ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fixed income. UK Debt Management Office Fixed Income (Articles with short description, ...
... is usually characterized as income other than long-term capital gains. Ordinary income can consist of income ... Another case where income is not taxed as ordinary income is the case of qualified dividends. The general rule taxes dividends ... is taxed as ordinary income. Ordinary income stands in contrast to capital gain, which is defined as gain from the sale or ... and the dividends from those entities would be taxed at the ordinary income rates. In the United States, ordinary income is ...
... is a tax policy of fictionally attributing earned and passive income of one spouse to the other spouse for the ... Income splitting was not a part of Canada's tax system until the 21st century. From the introduction of income tax, Canadian ... "Harper pitches income splitting for families". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. March 2011. "Why Income Splitting for Two- ... purposes of assessing personal income tax (i.e. "splitting" away the income of the greater earner, reducing his/her income for ...
Often, the term income is substituted for net income, yet this is not preferred due to the possible ambiguity. Net income is ... Net income can also be calculated by adding a company's operating income to non-operating income and then subtracting off taxes ... "Net Income Formula". New Business Playbook. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. "Gross Profit vs. Net Income: What's the ... For households and individuals, net income refers to the (gross) income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g. mandatory ...
... federal income tax on their worldwide income. Nonresident aliens are subject to U.S. federal income tax only on income from a U ... Source of income is determined based on the type of income. The source of compensation income is the place where the services ... Certain types of income are specifically excluded from gross income for tax purposes. The time at which gross income becomes ... Certain types of income are specifically excluded from gross income. These may be referred to as exempt income, exclusions, or ...
An income fund is a type of asset allocation fund. Income funds are often assumed to be bond funds but may be stock funds ... An income fund is a fund whose goal is to provide an income from investments. It is usually organized through a trust or ... Stock fund Bond fund Money market fund Target date fund Income trust Exchange fund Income Fund Definition on Investopedia " ... "Income-Generating ETFs for a Long Retirement - Yahoo Finance". Canadian income funds: A death foretold. (2006). International ...
... is a stream of income received without directly exchanging labour power for it. Examples are interest on ... that encourage the acquisition of income generating capital assets that supplement or replace employment generated income. This ... money capital, dividends earned by share ownership, rental income, etc. Many economists and other professionals consider that ...
Income inequality affects income segregation. Among low-income households the difference between incomes do not significantly ... Thus, income inequality is generally stronger among high-income households - i.e., upper-tail income inequality. In other words ... Income inequality is a necessary condition for income segregation. If there were no income inequality, neighborhoods would ... Based on research, income inequality itself does not create income segregation - the presence of income-correlated residential ...
Items included in comprehensive income, but not net income, are reported under the accumulated other comprehensive income ... Comprehensive income is the sum of net income and other items that must bypass the income statement because they have not been ... Accumulated other comprehensive income Income statement International Financial Reporting Standards Net income Statement of ... These items are not part of net income, yet are important enough to be included in comprehensive income, giving the user a ...
Formerly known as NTUC Income Insurance Co-operative Limited ("NTUC Income"), the company now operates as Income Insurance ... Income launched the Income Family Micro-Insurance and Savings Scheme (IFMISS), a free insurance scheme for low-income ... NTUC Income. 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022. "We are now Income Insurance Limited". Income Insurance Limited. ... Income Insurance Limited, commonly known as Income, is a composite insurer based in Singapore, offering life, health and ...
... of all income was derived from investments.[citation needed] Trust fund Passive income Unearned income Economic rent v t e ( ... Private income is either: any type of income received by a private individual or household, often derived from occupational ... income from investments or renting land or other property). Many people with a private income of the second type are ... Today among America's 146,000 highest income households, those making more than $1.6 million per year, 31% ...
An income bracket is a category of people whose income falls within defined upper and lower levels. In governmental planning, ... "Which Income Class Are You?". Investopedia. Retrieved 2020-05-24. Routley, Nick (May 8, 2019). "How the Composition of Wealth ... entire populations are divided into income brackets. These brackets are used to categorize demographic data as well as ... Income distribution, Demographic economics, All stub articles, Labor stubs). ...
Example: Elbonia taxes income below E.10,000 at 20% and other income at 30%. Joe has E.15,000 of income. His tax is E.3,500. ... The amount of income collected via income tax has varied dramatically, from 1% in the early days of US income tax to taxation ... Some jurisdictions impose the higher of an income tax or a tax on an alternative base or measure of income. Taxable income of ... Taxable income of taxpayers resident in the jurisdiction is generally total income less income producing expenses and other ...
... interest income; dividend income; income from leasing or royalty-related activities; annuity income; income from partnerships, ... Passive income, as an acquired income, is taxable. Examples of passive income include rental income and business activities in ... Progressive passive income is the name for income that requires somewhat more effort. Active income is earned income including ... There are four types of income depending on the income source: income derived from labor, also known as active income, which is ...
The median income is the income amount that divides a population into two equal groups, half having an income above that amount ... Median income can be calculated by household income, by personal income, or for specific demographic groups. The following ... disposable income deducts from gross income the value of taxes on income and wealth paid and of contributions paid by ... "Income Distribution Database". "Income Distribution - Median equivalised disposable income - OECD Data". theOECD. Fixler, ...
Comprehensive income for a period includes profit or loss (net income) for that period and other comprehensive income ... NET INCOME 100,882 Guidelines for statements of comprehensive income and income statements of business entities are formulated ... The income statement can be prepared in one of two methods. The Single Step income statement totals revenues and subtracts ... When combined with income from operations, this yields income before taxes. The final step is to deduct taxes, which finally ...
Disposable income: Disposable income is the amount of money an individual has available to use after income taxes have been ... Personal income can also be categorized based on its source: Earned income: Earned income is the money an individual receives ... Personal income is a component of national income that households receive and derive from production. National income, on the ... Non-passive income: Non-passive income requires an individual's material participation but is not classified as earned income. ...
... Centre from The Globe and Mail InvestCom section on Canadian income trusts Canadian Income Trusts List iTrust ... Archived from the original on September 12, 2005.) In a typical income trust structure, the income paid to an income trust by ... Real estate income trusts are not subject to the new rules on real estate income derived in Canada (the non-Canadian real ... The names income trust and income fund are sometimes used interchangeably even though most trusts have a narrower scope than ...
Gross farm income is the same as gross cash income with the addition of nonmoney income, such as the value of home consumption ... Net cash income is a shorter term measure of cash flow. The income statement measures the profitability of a farm business for ... Net cash income is gross cash income less all cash expenses such as for feed, seed, fertilizer, property taxes, interest on ... Net farm income is gross farm income less cash expenses and noncash expenses, such as capital consumption, perquisites to hired ...
Sealants and family income. Children aged 6 to 19 years from low-income households are about 15% less likely to get sealants ... Untreated cavities and income. About 40% of adults with low-income or no private health insurance have untreated cavities. Low- ... Untreated cavities and family income. For children aged 2 to 5 years, 17% of children from low-income households have untreated ... Low-income older adults, those with less than a high school education, or those who are current smokers are more than 3 times ...
... and individuals with a technical overview of the Canada Revenue Agencys views on the application of the federal income tax ... Tax-exempt income. 1.66 Income that is tax-exempt income is not counted for the purposes of a foreign tax credit since it is ... Income from property. 1.58 If interest is earned and the interest is income from property rather than income from business as ... 1.60 If income is derived from the rental of tangible property, or for civil law corporeal property, and the income is income ...
Citizens dividend Comprehensive income Guaranteed minimum income Income tax Revenue Social dividend Universal basic income ... National income, measured by statistics such as net national income (NNI), measures the total income of individuals, ... US GAAP does not define income but does define comprehensive income (CON 8.4.E75): Comprehensive income is the change in equity ... An extremely important definition of income is Haig-Simons income, which defines income as Consumption + Change in net worth ...
The Income Office can be contacted daily as detailed below ... Income Office. The Income Office can be contacted daily as ... Visit our Income Office Team page for further process guidance.. Accessibility. There is level access into the building from ... The Income Office is able to respond to e-mail queries between 08:00 and 16:00 Monday to Friday. Counter service is open ...
If you acquire a piece of equipment for use in a trade or business, like a forklift or truck, are the payments you make deductible lease payments or do you instead depreciate the cost of the equipment?
The number of physicians reporting an income drop was highest in Brazil (63% reported a drop), followed by the United States ( ... In the United States, the size of the drop has been substantial: 9% lost 76% - 100% of their income; 14% lost 51% - 75%; 28% ... Cite this: Physician Income Drops, Burnout Spikes Globally in Pandemic - Medscape - Sep 11, 2020. ... The US specialists with the largest drop in income were ophthalmologists, who lost 51%, followed by allergists (46%), plastic ...
The latest articles written by income tax you will find only on Entrepreneur ... New ITR Forms Seek Details on Crypto Income Information such as income from the transfer of virtual digital assets, date of ... Does your state require income tax? Discover everything you need to know about nine states with no income tax in this detailed ... Income Tax Department Launches AIS For Taxpayer App The mobile app will facilitate taxpayers to view their information as ...
... (C.R.C., c. 945). Full Document: *HTMLFull Document: Income Tax Regulations (Accessibility Buttons ... 2800 - PART XXVIII - Elections in Respect of Accumulating Incomes of Trusts *2900 - PART XXIX - Scientific Research and ... 5100 - PART LI - Deferred Income Plans, Investments in Small Business *5200 - PART LII - Canadian Manufacturing and Processing ... 2102 - Tax on 1971 Undistributed Income on Hand *2104 - Capital Gains Dividends Payable by Mutual Fund Corporations, Investment ...
Annual release of national-level income, poverty and health insurance coverage statistics. ... U.S. Census Bureaus income data released today show widening income inequality from 2020 to 2021. ... Small Area Income and Poverty Statistics of U.S. Businesses Survey of Business Owners Survey of Income and Program ... Income and Poverty International Trade Migration/Geographic Mobility Population Population Estimates Public Sector Race ...
... and access Individual Income tax forms from the current year and prior. ... Individual Income Taxes - Click to Expand Toggle. * Check the Status of Your Refund - Click to Expand ... The easiest way to complete a filing is to file your individual income taxes online. Returns are processed faster; refunds are ...
designated income. designated income. , of a trust for a taxation year, means the amount that would be the income of the trust ... 3 - DIVISION B - Computation of Income * 3 - Basic Rules *5 - SUBDIVISION A - Income or Loss from an Office or Employment * 5 ... Income Tax Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.)). Full Document: *HTMLFull Document: Income Tax Act (Accessibility Buttons ... 3) Where an amount (in this subsection and subsection 210.3(2) referred to as the "income amount") in respect of the income of ...
Edlys income-based loans are best for students who dont need to borrow much. ... Edlys income-based loans are best for students who dont need to borrow much. ... Transparent minimum income threshold: Edly doesnt require borrowers to make any payments until their yearly gross income ... Income requirements. Payments on a no co-signer loan from Edly wont begin until you earn at least $30,000 a year. Repayment is ...
Learn more about your business income tax responsibilities. ... The kind of income tax you will owe depends on the type of ... Apart from taxing business income through a corporate income tax or a personal income tax, many states impose a separate tax on ... Income from your business will be distributed to you as the sole proprietor, and you will pay tax to the state on that income. ... Additionally, if income from your business passes through to you personally, that income will be subject to taxation on your ...
Gains in earnings just one part of the income inequality puzzle. What happens to income and income inequality without the ... the share of income flowing to the lowest income quintiles increased while the share of income accruing to the top 20% fell ( ... the decline in median household income and the rise in income inequality using the Censuss standard money income definition ... Incomes rose and income inequality shrank during the pandemic-though the official numbers dont reflect it. First, lets look ...
Estimated switching is driven by income, not changes in relative prices. ... This paper shows that an income effect can drive expenditure switching between domestic and imported goods. We use a unique ... "Differences In Income Elasticities and Trends in Real Exchange Rates," NBER Working Papers 2761, National Bureau of Economic ... "Differences in income elasticities and trends in real exchange rates," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages ...
Learn about deductions, brackets, the IRS, and much more in FindLaws article explaining individual income tax. ... Gross Income. Your gross income is your total income from all sources. If you file a joint return with your spouse, your gross ... State Income Taxes. Most states also collect an individual income tax. Taxpayers are potentially subject to state income tax in ... However, you would pay a 10% rate on the first 11,000 in income, 12% on income between $11,001 and $44,725, and 22% on income ...
... and Lifetime Income that are designed to help build, protect, and grow wealth for the long-term. ... Income Solutions offers a wide variety of solutions for Pension Risk Transfer, Stable Value, Structured Settlements, ... Retirement & Income Solutions issues products for transferred pension liabilities, stable value, institutional income annuities ... plan consultants to examine their views about income annuities and other income solutions in the DC marketplace. ...
... is when a student gets funding for school and then agrees to pay a percentage of their future income. Heres how it works. ... Often, an ISA will have a minimum income threshold, so that you pay $0 if your income is lower than, say, $25,000 per year. It ... How Income Share Agreements Work. ISAs are built on the promise of your future earning potential. When you apply for an ISA, ... Best Tax Software Best Tax Apps Tax Relief Services Tax Brackets 2023 Income Tax Calculator Paycheck Calculator ...
Diversifying income for Empty Homes. We worked with the national campaigning charity, Empty Homes, to identify different ways ...
... income tax only on U.S. source income. ... Source of Income - Personal Service Income. *Income Subject to ... A nonresident alien (NRA) usually is subject to U.S. income tax only on U.S. source income. The general rules for determining U ... Summary of Source Rules for Income of Nonresident Aliens. Item of Income. Factor Determining Source. ... source income that apply to most nonresident aliens are shown below:. See Chapter Two of Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for ...
Managing your retirement income properly is essential to maintaining sufficient cash flow when youre no longer working. Heres ... Understand Where Your Income Is Coming From Retirement income generally comes from a variety of sources, providing different ... A term life insurance policy lasts for a set period of time-say, 20 years-and wont provide any investment income; its sole ... Managing your income when youre no longer working isnt as simple as making monthly withdrawals from your retirement accounts ...
It answers the question "how much of the cross-country income variance can be attributed to differences in (physical and human ... The current consensus is that efficiency is at least as important as capital in explaining income differences. I survey the ... "Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), ...
Ian said: "Weve generated more income for the club from catering since we started last April than in any of the previous three ... If your club has ideas for diversifying its income, RYA Regional Development Officers have a wealth of knowledge and will also ... Finding ways to diversify income streams can have wide ranging benefits for members, as one club in the Midlands has ... into what you have locally as an option and thinking about whether you have facilities which could provide an additional income ...
Gross Market Income. The first type of income we will consider is the Gross Market Income. This is the amount of income the ... Gross Potential Income. The Gross Potential income is the amount of income we would collect if we were to collect 100% of the ... Effective Rental Income. Effective Rental Income is the amount of income you actually collect. Since we have one unit in the ... Other Income. Now we need to consider Other Income, which is non-rental income that comes in. This includes, late fees, vending ...
... reported an operating income of 4.62 billion U.S. ... Operating income of Starbucks 2007-2022. *U.S. sales of ... 2022). Operating income of Starbucks from 2007 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December ... Premium Statistic Operating income of Starbucks 2007-2022. * Premium Statistic U.S. sales of Starbucks energy drinks 2015-2022 ... Operating income of Starbucks from 2007 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars) ...
This page provides results from 2013 Update on the U.S. Earnings, Income, and Wealth Distributional Facts: A View from ... The sheet Means contains the conditional means for earnings (E), income (I), and wealth (W) for each of the cells. Earnings ...
3 - DIVISION B - Computation of Income * 3 - Basic Rules *5 - SUBDIVISION A - Income or Loss from an Office or Employment * 5 ... Income Tax Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.)). Full Document: *HTMLFull Document: Income Tax Act (Accessibility Buttons ... PART IIncome Tax (continued). DIVISION IReturns, Assessments, Payment and Appeals (continued). Penalties (continued). ... 81 - SUBDIVISION G - Amounts Not Included in Computing Income *82 - SUBDIVISION H - Corporations Resident in Canada and their ...
Portfolio Overview: Maryland 529 -- Maryland Senator Edward J. Kasemeyer College Investment Plan - Bond & Income Portfolio - NL class
3 - DIVISION B - Computation of Income * 3 - Basic Rules *5 - SUBDIVISION A - Income or Loss from an Office or Employment * 5 ... Income Tax Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.)). Full Document: *HTMLFull Document: Income Tax Act (Accessibility Buttons ... specified non-qualified investment income. specified non-qualified investment income. , in respect of a registered plan and its ... 81 - SUBDIVISION G - Amounts Not Included in Computing Income *82 - SUBDIVISION H - Corporations Resident in Canada and their ...
  • Annual release of national-level income, poverty and health insurance coverage statistics. (census.gov)
  • First, they show that income and wealth data overstate poverty and inequality problems. (marginalrevolution.com)
  • Some assume that providing people trapped in dire poverty with a basic income for a set time means they will never learn to provide for themselves. (triplepundit.com)
  • According to Faye, the money will "shift the life trajectories of thousands of low-income households" at worst, and at best it could "change how the world thinks about ending poverty. (triplepundit.com)
  • Across Colorado, there is a shortage of rental homes affordable and available to extremely low income households (ELI), whose incomes are at or below the poverty guideline or 30% of their area median income (AMI). (nlihc.org)
  • Official US government figures report that median household income fell by 2.9% between 2019 and 2020-the first statistically significant decline since 2011-but that's because much of the government support so critical to keeping many afloat falls outside standard government income measures. (deloitte.com)
  • When posttax money income, including pandemic benefits, is factored in, the numbers show that median household income actually rose by 4.0% between 2019 and 2020. (deloitte.com)
  • Given the spike in unemployment early in 2020 and the fact that job losses were higher in lower-wage occupations, the decline in median household income and the rise in income inequality using the Census's standard money income definition are not surprising. (deloitte.com)
  • And it's a positive that when government supports are included, the figures reveal a rise in median household income and lower income inequality. (deloitte.com)
  • For children aged 2 to 5 years, 17% of children from low-income households have untreated cavities in their primary teeth, 3 times the percentage of children from higher-income households. (cdc.gov)
  • By ages 12 to 19, 23% of children from low-income families have untreated cavities in their permanent teeth, twice that of children from higher-income households. (cdc.gov)
  • Children aged 6 to 19 years from low-income households are about 15% less likely to get sealants and twice as likely to have untreated cavities compared with children from higher-income households. (cdc.gov)
  • For households and individuals in the United States, income is defined by tax law as a sum that includes any wage, salary, profit, interest payment, rent, or other form of earnings received in a calendar year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the start of the pandemic, the federal government has spent US$5.4 trillion 4 on a wide variety of support programs-programs covering everything from direct income support to households and businesses to student loan and mortgage forbearance programs. (deloitte.com)
  • While this definition includes the expanded unemployment benefits provided until recently, it excludes the additional income provided to households in the form of economic impact payments and tax credits. (deloitte.com)
  • Many of these households are severely cost burdened, spending more than half of their income on housing. (nlihc.org)
  • When we hear about household income, it's usually in an overall context that considers all households at once. (flowingdata.com)
  • Among all households with income, 5% earned less than $10,000. (flowingdata.com)
  • In a testament to the remarkable resiliency of physicians' income, three of the specialties with double-digit growth had suffered income setbacks in 2016. (medscape.com)
  • US income inequality after the pandemic: What happens now that government supports have ended? (deloitte.com)
  • Shifts in the US labor market's composition are making COVID's impact on income inequality more uncertain. (deloitte.com)
  • The standard measures suggest that income inequality increased in 2020 as well. (deloitte.com)
  • However, when all government assistance programs for families are included on a posttax basis, we see that income inequality decreased. (deloitte.com)
  • In this paper we use cross-state panel data to show a positive and significant correlation between various measures of innovativeness and top income inequality in the United States over the past decades. (repec.org)
  • Two distinct instrumentation strategies suggest that this correlation (partly) reflects a causality from innovativeness to top income inequality, and the effect is significant: for example, when measured by the number of patent per capita, innovativeness accounts on average across US states for around 17% of the total increase in the top 1% income share between 1975 and 2010. (repec.org)
  • Yet, innovation does not appear to increase other measures of inequality which do not focus on top incomes. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," Working papers 557, Banque de France. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," Review of Economic Studies , Oxford University Press, vol. 86(1), pages 1-45. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," NBER Working Papers 21247, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," 2015 Meeting Papers 1115, Society for Economic Dynamics. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," CEPR Discussion Papers 10659, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," Post-Print halshs-01883570, HAL. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and top income inequality ," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 100356, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library. (repec.org)
  • Innovation and Top Income Inequality ," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-01883570, HAL. (repec.org)
  • During the last two recessions, the top 1 percent of earners saw bigger income drops than all other groups. (nber.org)
  • During recessions, most individuals' incomes don't fluctuate much more than they do in good economic times -- the vast majority of wage earners experience the same small ups and down in income that they always do. (nber.org)
  • The authors analyze a 10 percent sample of all male income earners in the United States, including those at the very top of the earnings distribution, from 1978 to 2010, using confidential Social Security data. (nber.org)
  • Every 1 percentage point rise in male unemployment led to an average 6.9 percentage point decline in income for these earners at the very top. (nber.org)
  • Here's household income by number of earners in the household, based on data from the 2022 Current Population Survey. (flowingdata.com)
  • More earners usually means higher income, as expected. (flowingdata.com)
  • Income-Induced Expenditure Switching ," CEPR Discussion Papers 9887, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. (repec.org)
  • Last month did you or any of the persons you named as living here, receive Supplemental Security Income or SSI? (cdc.gov)
  • A foreign tax credit is a deduction from the taxpayer's Canadian tax otherwise payable that may be claimed in respect of foreign income or profits tax paid by the taxpayer for the year. (canada.ca)
  • A further limitation, which occurs only in the calculation of a foreign tax credit for foreign business-income tax, ensures that the taxpayer's foreign tax credit claims for the year concerning foreign non-business-income taxes are deducted first. (canada.ca)
  • Higher rates kick in when a taxpayer's income reaches a set amount. (findlaw.com)
  • The same rates apply to all personal income tax filers but at different levels depending on a taxpayer's status. (findlaw.com)
  • In economics, "factor income" is the return accruing for a person, or a nation, derived from the "factors of production": rental income, wages generated by labor, the interest created by capital, and profits from entrepreneurial ventures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Did {you/you or OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS 16+} receive income in {LAST CALENDAR YEAR} from wages and salaries ? (cdc.gov)
  • The individual income tax is assessed on all the earnings that make up an individual's taxable income, including wages, salaries, bonuses, tips, and commissions. (findlaw.com)
  • non-residents pay tax on income earned in Vermont, such as from rents, property sales, and wages and salaries. (findlaw.com)
  • An individual income tax (or personal income tax) is levied on the wages, salaries, investments, or other forms of income an individual or household earns. (taxfoundation.org)
  • This ordering rule is designed to allow the taxpayer to maximize foreign tax credit claims over the years, taking into account a rule that only the portion of foreign business-income taxes that is not deductible as a foreign tax credit for the year can be carried over for purposes of a foreign tax credit in other years. (canada.ca)
  • Discretionary income is often defined as gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions), and is widely used as a basis to compare the welfare of taxpayers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Net income nets out expenses: net income equals revenue minus cost of goods sold, expenses, depreciation, interest, and taxes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The easiest way to complete a filing is to file your individual income taxes online. (in.gov)
  • As with state taxes on business income, the specifics of a state's franchise tax often depend in part on the legal form of the business. (nolo.com)
  • Your business may be subject to one or more of these taxes depending on both its amount of taxable income and its legal form. (nolo.com)
  • Congress established the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as the federal agency responsible for assessing and collecting taxes, including individual and corporate income tax. (findlaw.com)
  • The government also taxes unearned income, which includes income from investments. (findlaw.com)
  • Eighty-one per cent of middle-class families in Canada now pay higher income taxes. (fraserinstitute.org)
  • There are considerable variations in state personal income taxes depending on where you live. (findlaw.com)
  • The income threshold for higher rates are annually adjusted for inflation by the state Department of Taxes. (findlaw.com)
  • Though barely 100 years old, individual income taxes are the largest source of tax revenue in the U.S. (taxfoundation.org)
  • All corporate income taxes fall on capital investment, but the structure should not make matters worse, and policymakers should take care not to distort investment decisions through the use of targeted incentives for select firms or activities instead of a lower rate for all businesses. (taxfoundation.org)
  • My average weekly income before taxes is $550 to $600. (marketplace.org)
  • Increasing taxes on tobacco in low and middle-income countries: Hurting or saving the poor? (who.int)
  • GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. (who.int)
  • When the more expansive money income definition is applied to both 2019 and 2020, the share of income flowing to the lowest income quintiles increased while the share of income accruing to the top 20% fell (figure 1). (deloitte.com)
  • Overall, our findings vindicate the Schumpeterian view whereby the rise in top income shares is partly related to innovation-led growth, where innovation itself fosters social mobility at the top through creative destruction. (repec.org)
  • In a progressive individual or corporate income tax system, rates rise as income increases. (taxfoundation.org)
  • Doctors' Incomes Are on the Rise -- Is Yours? (medscape.com)
  • For our MetLife Retirement Income Pulse Check, MetLife commissioned a survey of 74 defined contribution (DC) plan consultants to examine their views about income annuities and other income solutions in the DC marketplace. (metlife.com)
  • MetLife's Retirement & Income Solutions division, the company's institutional retirement business, issues products through Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MLIC) and Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company (MTL), two wholly owned subsidiaries of MetLife, Inc. Retirement & Income Solutions issues products for transferred pension liabilities, stable value, institutional income annuities, benefits funding and structured settlements. (metlife.com)
  • Fixed income annuities-both immediate and deferred options-can be used to convert a portion of your employees' savings into a fixed monthly paycheck, guaranteed in their retirement years. (metlife.com)
  • Individuals in New Hampshire and Tennessee are only taxed on interest and dividend income. (nolo.com)
  • The federal government imposes a tax on the income of individuals, businesses, trusts , and other entities. (findlaw.com)
  • Individuals and married couples must file federal returns if their gross income exceeds a specified threshold based on their age, marital status, and other factors that the IRS adjusts each year for inflation. (findlaw.com)
  • For example, for the 2022 tax year, single individuals under the age of 65 were not required to file if their gross income was $12,950 or less (it was $14,700 for taxpayers 65 and over). (findlaw.com)
  • In the recessions of the 1980s and 1990s, lower income individuals were more likely to experience negative shocks to income than their higher-income counterparts. (nber.org)
  • The authors explain that: "for the first two recessions in our sample period, very-high-income individuals fared better than anybody else in the population, whereas for the latest two recessions, there has been a remarkable reversal of these fortunes and the highest-income workers suffered the most. (nber.org)
  • Married joint filers generally pay the lowest personal income tax, following by heads of household, then unmarried individuals, married individuals filing separately, and finally estates and trusts. (findlaw.com)
  • For married individuals filing jointly, Vermont has progressive tax rates based on taxable income. (findlaw.com)
  • More than 7500 physicians ― nearly 5000 in the United States, and others in Brazil, France, Germany, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom ― responded to questions about their struggles to save patients and how the pandemic has changed their income and their lives at home and at work. (medscape.com)
  • Although the COVID-19 virus itself does not discriminate, existing inequalities have caused the impact of the pandemic to be similarly unequal across income groups in the United States. (deloitte.com)
  • First, let's look at what actually happened to incomes during the pandemic. (deloitte.com)
  • Your adjusted gross income is used to determine your tax bracket, which, in turn, will be used to establish your federal income tax rate. (findlaw.com)
  • A tax bracket is the range of incomes taxed at given rates, which typically differ depending on filing status. (taxfoundation.org)
  • Quick and easy access to MetLife Retirement and Income Solutions customer support services and resources. (metlife.com)
  • page needed] For example, a person's income in an economic sense may be different from their income as defined by law. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most states tax income at different rates depending on a person's taxable income (a progressive income tax). (findlaw.com)
  • For S corporations, the franchise tax is 1.5% of the corporation's net income with a minimum tax of $800. (nolo.com)
  • Exceptions include: a) Part of a dividend paid by a foreign corporation is U.S. source if at least 25% of the corporation's gross income is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business for the 3 tax years before the year in which the dividends are declared. (irs.gov)
  • In the 1950s and 60s, many other low income countries in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia were experiencing shrinking of their economies with roughly the same frequency (see graph below). (lu.se)
  • A foreign tax credit can provide a taxpayer with relief from double taxation on certain income, that is, relief from having to otherwise pay full tax to both Canada and another country on that income. (canada.ca)
  • Additionally, if income from your business passes through to you personally, that income will be subject to taxation on your personal state tax return. (nolo.com)
  • 187 (1) Every corporation that is liable to pay tax under this Part for a taxation year in respect of a dividend received by it in the year shall, on or before the day on or before which it is required to file its return of income under Part I for the year, file a return for the year under this Part in prescribed form. (gc.ca)
  • Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed. (nber.org)
  • Global coffeehouse chain, Starbucks, reported an operating income of 4.62 billion U.S. dollars from its operations worldwide in 2022. (statista.com)
  • Full income" refers to the accumulation of both the monetary and the non-monetary consumption-ability of any given entity, such as a person or a household. (wikipedia.org)
  • Annual household income needed to afford a two-bedroom rental home at HUD's Fair Market Rent. (nlihc.org)
  • Annual regional household income news release, article and tables from Regional Accounts for English regions, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. (data.gov.uk)
  • The studies contained in this dissertation provide evidence suggesting that income has become a more important factor in the transition to parenthood, household income is positively related to continued. (lu.se)
  • Nearly 18% of all working-age adults, and 29% of those with lower incomes, report that the appearance of their mouth and teeth affects their ability to interview for a job. (cdc.gov)
  • Often, an ISA will have a minimum income threshold, so that you pay $0 if your income is lower than, say, $25,000 per year. (forbes.com)
  • All are taxed at the same rates but the higher rates kick in at lower income bands. (findlaw.com)
  • Most of these lower the tax burden for low income taxpayers, taxpayers with children, and businesses investing in Vermont. (findlaw.com)
  • Personal rates, which generally vary depending on the amount of income, can range from 0% (for small amounts of taxable income) to around 9% or more in some states. (nolo.com)
  • Five tax rates tax income earned in different amounts, or "bands," at higher levels. (findlaw.com)
  • In calculating the amount of a foreign tax credit, the taxpayer must determine the particular countries to which their income, gains, and losses should be allocated. (canada.ca)
  • This paper brings together the essential elements of effective debt management practices to guide for those assessing debt management capacity and advising on its improvement in low-income countries. (imf.org)
  • We examined associations between Diarrheal disease contributes substantially to illness and death in children in low-income countries ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • But in the ongoing discussion about global development and how to close the income gap between rich and poor countries, not least in the context of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), there is no mention of how to limit the devastating impact of regular economic shrinking. (lu.se)
  • The growth process very seldom is linear, especially in low income countries . (lu.se)
  • A new study by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and partners examined population-based cancer registry data for thyroid cancer and revealed very high incidence rates in some low- and middle-income countries, comparable to those in some high-income countries where overdiagnosis is known to play an important role. (who.int)
  • The findings may suggest that, similarly to in high-income countries, increased surveillance and advanced diagnostic practices in some low- and middle-income countries have produced an epidemic of thyroid cancer diagnoses. (who.int)
  • Retirees will likely need to rely on other income streams to enjoy a comfortable retirement. (experian.com)
  • Decades ago, retirees could simply shift their investments into fixed income, which historically paid higher rates of interest. (cnbc.com)
  • While you need to report your total income to the IRS each year, you are not taxed on the full amount you earn. (findlaw.com)
  • structure and defend a complex theoretical argument, · use theories and concepts to price simple fixed income instruments, · use theories and concepts to manage the risk of simple fixed income instruments, · explain important events in the fixed income market, · use simple computer tools, · report results in written form. (lu.se)
  • Despite some ups and downs for certain specialties, average income for all physicians in Medscape's annual report has risen steadily since 2011. (medscape.com)
  • In this 6-year period, average income has risen from $206,000 in the 2011 report to $294,000 this year. (medscape.com)
  • This is the amount of income the property could generate if the property was fully rented at market rents ($700 per unit). (selfgrowth.com)
  • Since our example property is not rented at market rents, the Gross Scheduled Income will tell us how much we could expect from our property if it was 100% occupied at the current rents. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The Gross Potential income is the amount of income we would collect if we were to collect 100% of the rents from all of the occupied units. (selfgrowth.com)
  • GiveDirectly estimates that it will cost about $30 million to give a full basic income to 6,000 poor Kenyans for 10 years. (triplepundit.com)
  • For a firm, gross income can be defined as sum of all revenue minus the cost of goods sold. (wikipedia.org)
  • 26 U.S. Code § 61 - Gross income defined. (wikipedia.org)
  • The IRS will make adjustments to your gross income and subtract deductions from your adjusted gross income to arrive at the taxable income used to calculate the tax due. (findlaw.com)
  • Your gross income is your total income from all sources. (findlaw.com)
  • If you file a joint return with your spouse, your gross income will be your combined income. (findlaw.com)
  • Most of an individual's income is taxable unless specifically excluded from gross income by the tax code. (findlaw.com)
  • Items that are excluded from gross income include life insurance death benefits, child support, and welfare payments. (findlaw.com)
  • Once your gross income has been calculated, certain adjustments are subtracted from that amount to determine your adjusted gross income . (findlaw.com)
  • Taxpayers are allowed to make additional deductions from their adjusted gross income. (findlaw.com)
  • Help your employees make their retirement savings last by offering them a fixed "paycheck" for life with a guaranteed lifetime income option. (metlife.com)
  • Meet the Lifetime Income team and get in touch with us. (metlife.com)
  • The U.S. imposes a progressive income tax where rates increase with income . (taxfoundation.org)
  • The theoretical generalization to more than one period is a multi-period wealth and income constraint. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to raising revenue, the individual income tax serves a social function by allocating resources, subsidizing some persons or activities, encouraging certain kinds of economic and social behavior, redistributing wealth, stimulating economic growth, and addressing specific social problems such as pollution and urban decay. (findlaw.com)
  • The sheet 'Means' contains the conditional means for earnings (E), income (I), and wealth (W) for each of the cells. (google.com)
  • In the field of public economics, the concept may comprise the accumulation of both monetary and non-monetary consumption ability, with the former (monetary) being used as a proxy for total income. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to Barr, "in practice money income as a proportion of total income varies widely and unsystematically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Effective Rental Income is the amount of income you actually collect. (selfgrowth.com)
  • This means that our Effective Rental Income is 7 x $600 = $4,200 for the month. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Now we need to consider Other Income, which is non-rental income that comes in. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Also, as specialists add caseload, perform more procedures, and utilize new technology, their income rises a lot faster than the pay boosts for primary care physicians," he says. (medscape.com)
  • The federal individual income tax system is progressive in that, as an individual's income increases, their tax rate usually increases along with it. (findlaw.com)
  • Large increases in income are less likely, and large drops in income become more likely. (nber.org)
  • Income share agreements (ISAs) are one such option: Instead of receiving a loan and paying it back with interest, students get funding for school in exchange for committing to pay a percentage of their future income. (forbes.com)
  • And, every 1 percentage point slowdown in GDP growth implied a 4.5 percent decline in their income. (nber.org)
  • In 2012, the percentage of adults with a dental visit within the past year increased with increasing income. (cdc.gov)
  • But freelancers like you have an uncertain, unpredictable income. (marketplace.org)
  • The IRS is also responsible for implementing the rules and regulations governing income tax collection and is often responsible for interpreting the tax laws written by Congress. (findlaw.com)
  • Income is always a key benchmark for physicians, whether the criterion is earning enough to live a comfortable life or feeling that earnings compensate for the aggravation, rules and regulations, electronic health record (EHR) frustrations, and other challenges of the profession. (medscape.com)
  • Did {you/you or any family members living here} receive income in {LAST CALENDAR YEAR} from child support, alimony, contributions from family or others, VA payments, worker's compensation, or unemployment compensation? (cdc.gov)
  • See our history of state individual and corporate income tax rates from 2000 to 2014 here and here , respectively. (taxfoundation.org)
  • Empower your employees to confidently retire knowing they will never outlive their savings with guaranteed income solutions designed to enhance your DC retirement plan. (metlife.com)
  • An extremely important definition of income is Haig-Simons income, which defines income as Consumption + Change in net worth and is widely used in economics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Income-Induced expenditure switching ," Economics Working Papers 1534, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. (repec.org)
  • Income-Induced Expenditure Switching ," Working Papers 922, Barcelona School of Economics. (repec.org)
  • The increase in income is welcome news, considering that payers have not been appreciably raising reimbursement rates and very few new sources of income have opened up, says Travis Singleton, senior vice president of Merritt Hawkins, a national physician recruitment firm based in Texas. (medscape.com)
  • Although Florida is one of the few states that has no income tax, high prices for insurance, housing and healthcare could mean that residents don't save as much as they think. (entrepreneur.com)
  • Moreover, five of those states - Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming - as well as Alaska and Florida currently have no personal income tax. (nolo.com)
  • It is also an important source of government funding, with roughly 50% of federal revenue coming from annual income tax payments. (findlaw.com)
  • A nonresident alien (NRA) usually is subject to U.S. income tax only on U.S. source income. (irs.gov)
  • Unlike investment account balances, which can fluctuate with market swings, Social Security is a steady source of fixed retirement income. (experian.com)
  • Think of these options as an additional source of income. (com.pk)
  • While the future of Social Security may not be certain, for now it's still a valid income source. (cnbc.com)
  • For example, the same person can gain more productive skills or acquire more productive income-earning assets to earn a higher income. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study also found a close relationship over time between income of the top 0.1 percent and GDP growth and unemployment. (nber.org)
  • Hugo Alves, President of Wheaton Income commented, "When we set the strategy for Wheaton Income it was about building a dynamic platform that promoted sustainable growth for both the industry and our shareholders. (globenewswire.com)
  • This acquisition represents another way that the Wheaton Income platform drives Growth by Diversity. (globenewswire.com)