A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE distinguished from other genera in the family by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.
A species of halophilic archaea distinguished by its production of acid from sugar. This species was previously called Halobacterium marismortui.
An order of extremely halophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. They occur ubiquitously in nature where the salt concentration is high, and are chemoorganotrophic, using amino acids or carbohydrates as a carbon source.
A family of extremely halophilic archaea found in environments with high salt concentrations, such as salt lakes, evaporated brines, or salted fish. Halobacteriaceae are either obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes and are divided into at least twenty-six genera including: HALOARCULA; HALOBACTERIUM; HALOCOCCUS; HALOFERAX; HALORUBRUM; NATRONOBACTERIUM; and NATRONOCOCCUS.
Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of archaea.
The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.
Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Proteins found in any species of archaeon.
A species of halophilic archaea found in the Dead Sea.
The largest ribonucleoprotein component of RIBOSOMES. It contains the domains which catalyze formation of the peptide bond and translocation of the ribosome along the MESSENGER RNA during GENETIC TRANSLATION.
A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE whose growth requires a high concentration of salt. Binary fission is by constriction.
Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.
A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.
The genetic complement of an archaeal organism (ARCHAEA) as represented in its DNA.
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).
Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
A species of halophilic archaea found in salt lakes. Some strains form a PURPLE MEMBRANE under anaerobic conditions.
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Amino acid biosynthesis in the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica. (1/45)

Biosynthesis of proteinogenic amino acids in the extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica was explored by using biosynthetically directed fractional 13C labeling with a mixture of 90% unlabeled and 10% uniformly 13C-labeled glycerol. The resulting 13C-labeling patterns in the amino acids were analyzed by two-dimensional 13C,1H correlation spectroscopy. The experimental data provided evidence for a split pathway for isoleucine biosynthesis, with 56% of the total Ile originating from threonine and pyruvate via the threonine pathway and 44% originating from pyruvate and acetyl coenzyme A via the pyruvate pathway. In addition, the diaminopimelate pathway involving diaminopimelate dehydrogenase was shown to lead to lysine biosynthesis and an analysis of the 13C-labeling pattern in tyrosine indicated novel biosynthetic pathways that have so far not been further characterized. For the 17 other proteinogenic amino acids, the data were consistent with data for commonly found biosynthetic pathways. A comparison of our data with the amino acid metabolisms of eucarya and bacteria supports the theory that pathways for synthesis of proteinogenic amino acids were established before ancient cells diverged into archaea, bacteria, and eucarya.  (+info)

Bioenergetic aspects of halophilism. (2/45)

Examination of microbial diversity in environments of increasing salt concentrations indicates that certain types of dissimilatory metabolism do not occur at the highest salinities. Examples are methanogenesis for H2 + CO2 or from acetate, dissimilatory sulfate reduction with oxidation of acetate, and autotrophic nitrification. Occurrence of the different metabolic types is correlated with the free-energy change associated with the dissimilatory reactions. Life at high salt concentrations is energetically expensive. Most bacteria and also the methanogenic Archaea produce high intracellular concentrations of organic osmotic solutes at a high energetic cost. All halophilic microorganisms expend large amounts of energy to maintain steep gradients of NA+ and K+ concentrations across their cytoplasmic membrane. The energetic cost of salt adaptation probably dictates what types of metabolism can support life at the highest salt concentrations. Use of KCl as an intracellular solute, while requiring far-reaching adaptations of the intracellular machinery, is energetically more favorable than production of organic-compatible solutes. This may explain why the anaerobic halophilic fermentative bacteria (order Haloanaerobiales) use this strategy and also why halophilic homoacetogenic bacteria that produce acetate from H2 + CO2 exist whereas methanogens that use the same substrates in a reaction with a similar free-energy yield do not.  (+info)

Haloarcula quadrata sp. nov., a square, motile archaeon isolated from a brine pool in Sinai (Egypt). (3/45)

The motile, predominantly square-shaped, red archaeon strain 801030/1T, isolated from a brine pool in the Sinai peninsula (Egypt), was characterized taxonomically. On the basis of its polar lipid composition, the nucleotide sequences of its two 16S rRNA genes, the DNA G+C content (60.1 mol%) and its growth characteristics, the isolate could be assigned to the genus Haloarcula. However, phylogenetic analysis of the two 16S rRNA genes detected in this organism and low DNA-DNA hybridization values with related Haloarcula species showed that strain 801030/1T is sufficiently different from the recognized Haloarcula species to warrant its designation as a new species. A new species, Haloarcula quadrata, is therefore proposed, with strain 801030/1T (= DSM 11927T) as the type strain.  (+info)

An improved transposon for the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica. (4/45)

An improved transposon (ThD73) for Haloarcula hispanica is described. Based on the halobacterial insertion sequence ISH28, it showed little target sequence specificity but was biased toward a lower G+C content. Twenty randomly selected ThD73 mutants were analyzed, and the DNA flanking their insertions revealed several recognizable sequences, including two (unrelated) ISH elements.  (+info)

Transcriptional regulation of cruxrhodopsin gene from extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica strain TR-1. (5/45)

Transcription of the cruxrhodopsin (cR) gene in extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica strain TR-1 was investigated using Northern analysis to quantify message level. In the cell cultures growing in the dark, cR transcript level remained very low. In contrast, exposure of the cell cultures to light stimulated transcription of the cR gene. In addition, cR gene transcription was also induced when Ha. japonica was grown under high oxygen tension and then shifted to low oxygen tension in the dark. These results suggested that transcription of the cR gene is regulated by high light intensity and low oxygen tension.  (+info)

Molecular cloning of A1-ATPase gene from extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica strain TR-1. (6/45)

The genes encoding A1-ATPase A- and B-subunits were cloned from Haloarcula japonica strain TR-1. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the A1-ATPase gene revealed that the A- and B-subunits consisted of 586 and 473 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the A- and B-subunits of Ha. japonica showed high identities with those of Halobacterium salinarum and Haloferax volcanii. The consensus ATP-binding motif was found in the A-subunit.  (+info)

A new simvastatin (mevinolin)-resistance marker from Haloarcula hispanica and a new Haloferax volcanii strain cured of plasmid pHV2. (7/45)

The mevinolin-resistance determinant, hmg, encodes the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and is a commonly used selectable marker in halobacterial genetics. Plasmids bearing this marker suffer from instability in Haloferax volcanii because the resistance gene was derived from the genome of this species and is almost identical in sequence to the chromosomal copy. In order to reduce the level of homologous recombination between introduced plasmid vectors and the chromosome of Haloferax, a homologue of the hmg determinant was obtained from the distantly related organism, Haloarcula hispanica. The nucleotide sequences of the wild-type genes (hmgA) of these two species are only 78% identical, and the predicted protein sequences show 71% identity. In comparison to the wild-type hmgA gene, the resistance gene from a mutant resistant to simvastatin (an analogue of mevinolin) showed a single base substitution in the putative promoter. Plasmids constructed using the new resistance determinant were stably maintained under selection in Hfx. volcanii and possessed very low recombination rates with the chromosome of this species. In addition, an improved strain of Hfx. volcanii was developed to overcome the plasmid instability and growth reduction observed in the commonly used WFD11 strain.  (+info)

Structural insights into peptide bond formation. (8/45)

The large ribosomal subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation and will do so by using small aminoacyl- and peptidyl-RNA fragments of tRNA. We have refined at 3-A resolution the structures of both A and P site substrate and product analogues, as well as an intermediate analogue, bound to the Haloarcula marismortui 50S ribosomal subunit. A P site substrate, CCA-Phe-caproic acid-biotin, binds equally to both sites, but in the presence of sparsomycin binds only to the P site. The CCA portions of these analogues are bound identically by either the A or P loop of the 23S rRNA. Combining the separate P and A site substrate complexes into one model reveals interactions that may occur when both are present simultaneously. The alpha-NH(2) group of an aminoacylated fragment in the A site forms one hydrogen bond with the N3 of A2486 (2451) and may form a second hydrogen bond either with the 2' OH of the A-76 ribose in the P site or with the 2' OH of A2486 (2451). These interactions position the alpha amino group adjacent to the carbonyl carbon of esterified P site substrate in an orientation suitable for a nucleophilic attack.  (+info)

"Haloarcula" is a genus of archaea, which are single-celled microorganisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. This genus belongs to the family Halobacteriaceae and is characterized by its ability to thrive in extremely salty environments, such as salt lakes and salt mines. The cells of Haloarcula species are typically pink or red due to the presence of carotenoid pigments, which help protect the organisms from high levels of solar radiation.

Haloarcula species are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain energy by consuming organic matter. They are also aerobic, requiring oxygen to grow and metabolize nutrients. Like other members of the domain Archaea, Haloarcula species have a unique cell wall structure and genetic material that is distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes.

It's important to note that "Haloarcula" is a medical definition in the sense that it refers to a specific genus of archaea that can have implications for human health, particularly in the context of environmental health and microbial ecology. However, Haloarcula species are not typically associated with human diseases or infections.

'Haloarcula marismortui' is not a medical term, but a scientific name for an archaea species. It is a type of microorganism that thrives in hypersaline environments such as the Dead Sea. The name 'Haloarcula' comes from the Greek words "halos" meaning salt and "arcula" meaning small chest or box, referring to its ability to survive in high-salt conditions. 'Marismortui' is derived from the Hebrew and Arabic words for "dead sea," where this species was first isolated.

In summary, 'Haloarcula marismortui' is a type of archaea that lives in extremely salty environments such as the Dead Sea. It is not a medical term or concept.

Halobacteriales is an order of archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms. These organisms are often referred to as extremophiles because they thrive in environments with high salt concentrations, such as salt lakes, salt pans, and solar salterns. In fact, many members of Halobacteriales require salt concentrations of at least 15-20% (w/v) to grow optimally.

Members of this order are characterized by their ability to produce a pigment called bacteriorhodopsin, which is used in a process called phototrophy to generate energy from light. This is unusual because most archaea and bacteria rely on chemosynthesis for energy production. Halobacteriales also have unique cell membranes that contain ether lipids, making them more resistant to extreme conditions.

Some notable members of Halobacteriales include Halobacterium salinarum and Haloferax volcanii, which are commonly used in laboratory research due to their ability to grow quickly and easily under controlled conditions. These organisms have contributed significantly to our understanding of archaeal biology and evolution.

Halobacteriaceae is a family of Archaea, a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms are extremely halophilic, meaning they require high concentrations of salt to survive and grow. They are typically found in environments such as salt lakes, salt pans, and other saline habitats.

The cells of Halobacteriaceae are usually rod-shaped or irregularly shaped, and they can form pink, red, or purple colorations in their natural environments due to the presence of carotenoid pigments and retinal-based proteins called bacteriorhodopsins. These proteins function as light-driven proton pumps, allowing the cells to generate a proton gradient and create ATP, which is their primary energy source.

Halobacteriaceae are also known for their ability to survive in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, radiation, and desiccation. They have evolved unique adaptations to cope with these harsh environments, making them a fascinating subject of study in the field of extremophile microbiology.

Archaeal viruses are viruses that infect and replicate within archaea, which are single-celled microorganisms without a nucleus. These viruses have unique characteristics that distinguish them from bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. They often possess distinct morphologies, such as icosahedral or filamentous shapes, and their genomes can be composed of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).

Archaeal viruses have evolved various strategies to hijack the host cell's machinery for replication, packaging, and release of new virus particles. Some archaeal viruses even encode their own proteins for transcription and translation, suggesting a more complex relationship with their hosts than previously thought. The study of archaeal viruses provides valuable insights into the evolution of viruses and their hosts and has implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth.

Archaeal DNA refers to the genetic material present in archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms lacking a nucleus. Like bacteria, archaea have a single circular chromosome that contains their genetic information. However, archaeal DNA is significantly different from bacterial and eukaryotic DNA in terms of its structure and composition.

Archaeal DNA is characterized by the presence of unique modifications such as methylation patterns, which help distinguish it from other types of DNA. Additionally, archaea have a distinct set of genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination, many of which are more similar to those found in eukaryotes than bacteria.

One notable feature of archaeal DNA is its resistance to environmental stressors such as extreme temperatures, pH levels, and salt concentrations. This allows archaea to thrive in some of the most inhospitable environments on Earth, including hydrothermal vents, acidic hot springs, and highly saline lakes.

Overall, the study of archaeal DNA has provided valuable insights into the evolutionary history of life on Earth and the unique adaptations that allow these organisms to survive in extreme conditions.

I'm happy to help! However, I believe there might be a slight mistake in your question. "Archaeal" is not a term used to describe genes but rather a group of single-celled organisms that are classified as archaea.

Archaea are one of the three domains of life, along with bacteria and eukaryotes (which include plants, animals, and fungi). Archaea are unique because they share characteristics with both bacteria and eukaryotes, but they also have many features that are distinctly their own. For example, archaea have a different cell membrane structure than bacteria and eukaryotes, which allows them to thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs, salt mines, and deep-sea vents.

Genes, on the other hand, are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins or performing other important functions in an organism's cells. All living organisms, including archaea, have genes that are passed down from generation to generation. Archaeal genes are made up of the same four nucleotides (A, T, C, and G) as bacterial and eukaryotic genes, and they code for proteins and RNA molecules that are essential for the survival and reproduction of archaea.

So, to summarize, there is no specific definition for "Archaeal genes" because "archaeal" is not a term used to describe genes. However, we can say that archaeal genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins and performing other important functions in archaea.

Archaeal RNA refers to the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that are present in archaea, which are a domain of single-celled microorganisms. RNA is a nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as protein synthesis, gene expression, and regulation of cellular activities.

Archaeal RNAs can be categorized into different types based on their functions, including:

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into proteins.
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA): It helps in translating the genetic code present in mRNA into specific amino acids during protein synthesis.
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): It is a structural and functional component of ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.
4. Non-coding RNA: These are RNAs that do not code for proteins but have regulatory functions in gene expression and other cellular processes.

Archaeal RNAs share similarities with both bacterial and eukaryotic RNAs, but they also possess unique features that distinguish them from the other two domains of life. For example, archaeal rRNAs contain unique sequence motifs and secondary structures that are not found in bacteria or eukaryotes. These differences suggest that archaeal RNAs have evolved to adapt to the extreme environments where many archaea live.

Overall, understanding the structure, function, and evolution of archaeal RNA is essential for gaining insights into the biology of these unique microorganisms and their roles in various cellular processes.

Archaeal proteins are proteins that are encoded by the genes found in archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms. These proteins are crucial for various cellular functions and structures in archaea, which are adapted to survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures, high salt concentrations, and low pH levels.

Archaeal proteins share similarities with both bacterial and eukaryotic proteins, but they also have unique features that distinguish them from each other. For example, many archaeal proteins contain unusual amino acids or modifications that are not commonly found in other organisms. Additionally, the three-dimensional structures of some archaeal proteins are distinct from their bacterial and eukaryotic counterparts.

Studying archaeal proteins is important for understanding the biology of these unique organisms and for gaining insights into the evolution of life on Earth. Furthermore, because some archaea can survive in extreme environments, their proteins may have properties that make them useful in industrial and medical applications.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Haloferax volcanii" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually a species of archaea (single-celled microorganisms) that is commonly found in extremely salty environments, such as salt lakes and salt mines. The name "Haloferax volcanii" refers to the fact that this organism is halophilic (salt-loving) and was first isolated from a volcanic site.

Here is a brief scientific definition of "Haloferax volcanii":

Haloferax volcanii is a species of halophilic archaea belonging to the family Haloferacaceae. It is a rod-shaped, motile organism that is commonly found in hypersaline environments such as salt lakes and salt mines. The optimum growth temperature for H. volcanii is around 45°C, and it can tolerate a wide range of salinities (up to 3 M NaCl). It has a relatively large genome (around 4 Mb) that contains many genes involved in DNA repair and stress response, making it well-adapted to life in extreme environments. H. volcanii is also known for its ability to form stable triparental mating structures, which are used in genetic studies of archaea.

A ribosome is a complex molecular machine found in all living cells, responsible for protein synthesis. It consists of two subunits: the large subunit and the small subunit. The large ribosomal subunit plays a crucial role in the elongation phase of protein synthesis, where it helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

The Large Ribosomal Subunit, also known as the 60S subunit in eukaryotic cells (50S in prokaryotic cells), is composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and numerous proteins. In humans, the large ribosomal subunit contains three rRNA molecules (28S, 5.8S, and 5S rRNA) and approximately 49 distinct proteins. Its primary function is to bind to the small ribosomal subunit and form a functional ribosome, which then translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

The large ribosomal subunit has several key features, including the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), where peptide bonds are formed between amino acids, and the exit tunnel, through which the nascent polypeptide chain passes as it is being synthesized. The PTC is a crucial component of the large subunit, as it facilitates the transfer of activated amino acids from transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

In summary, the Large Ribosomal Subunit is a vital component of the ribosome responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation and facilitating the synthesis of proteins within cells.

Halobacterium is a genus of extremely halophilic archaea, which means they require a high salt concentration to grow. They are often found in salt lakes, salt pans, and other hypersaline environments. These microorganisms contain bacteriorhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump, which gives them a purple color and allows them to generate ATP using light energy, similar to photosynthesis in plants. Halobacteria are also known for their ability to survive under extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, radiation, and desiccation.

Archaeal chromosomes refer to the genetic material present in Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms. Like bacteria and eukaryotes, Archaea have their genetic material organized into a single circular chromosome, which is typically smaller than bacterial chromosomes. The archaeal chromosome contains all the genetic information necessary for the organism's survival, including genes coding for proteins, RNA molecules, and regulatory elements that control gene expression.

Archaeal chromosomes are structurally similar to bacterial chromosomes, with a histone-like protein called histone-like protein A (HLP) that helps compact the DNA into a more condensed form. However, archaeal chromosomes also share some features with eukaryotic chromosomes, such as the presence of nucleosome-like structures and the use of similar mechanisms for DNA replication and repair.

Overall, archaeal chromosomes are an important area of study in molecular biology, as they provide insights into the evolution and diversity of life on Earth.

Sodium Chloride is defined as the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is commonly known as table salt or halite, and it is used extensively in food seasoning and preservation due to its ability to enhance flavor and inhibit bacterial growth. In medicine, sodium chloride is used as a balanced electrolyte solution for rehydration and as a topical wound irrigant and antiseptic. It is also an essential component of the human body's fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission.

An archaeal genome refers to the complete set of genetic material or DNA present in an archaea, a single-celled microorganism that is found in some of the most extreme environments on Earth. The genome of an archaea contains all the information necessary for its survival, including the instructions for building proteins and other essential molecules, as well as the regulatory elements that control gene expression.

Archaeal genomes are typically circular in structure and range in size from about 0.5 to over 5 million base pairs. They contain genes that are similar to those found in bacteria and eukaryotes, as well as unique genes that are specific to archaea. The study of archaeal genomes has provided valuable insights into the evolutionary history of life on Earth and has helped scientists understand the adaptations that allow these organisms to thrive in such harsh environments.

Archaea are a domain of single-celled microorganisms that lack membrane-bound nuclei and other organelles. They are characterized by the unique structure of their cell walls, membranes, and ribosomes. Archaea were originally classified as bacteria, but they differ from bacteria in several key ways, including their genetic material and metabolic processes.

Archaea can be found in a wide range of environments, including some of the most extreme habitats on Earth, such as hot springs, deep-sea vents, and highly saline lakes. Some species of Archaea are able to survive in the absence of oxygen, while others require oxygen to live.

Archaea play important roles in global nutrient cycles, including the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. They are also being studied for their potential role in industrial processes, such as the production of biofuels and the treatment of wastewater.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

Medical definitions of "fish products" generally refer to any food or supplement that is derived from fish or aquatic animals. This can include:

1. Fresh, frozen, or canned fish such as salmon, tuna, cod, and sardines.
2. Fish oils, which are often used as dietary supplements for their omega-3 fatty acid content.
3. Processed fish products like surimi (imitation crab meat), fish sticks, and fish sauce.

It's important to note that the nutritional content and potential health benefits or risks of fish products can vary widely depending on the specific type of fish, how it was caught or farmed, and how it was processed and prepared.

23S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of rRNA that is a component of the large ribosomal subunit in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, the large ribosomal subunit contains 50S, which consists of 23S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and around 33 proteins. The 23S rRNA plays a crucial role in the decoding of mRNA during protein synthesis and also participates in the formation of the peptidyl transferase center, where peptide bonds are formed between amino acids.

The 23S rRNA is a long RNA molecule that contains both coding and non-coding regions. It has a complex secondary structure, which includes several domains and subdomains, as well as numerous stem-loop structures. These structures are important for the proper functioning of the ribosome during protein synthesis.

In addition to its role in protein synthesis, 23S rRNA has been used as a target for antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth. For example, certain antibiotics bind to specific regions of the 23S rRNA and interfere with the function of the ribosome, thereby preventing bacterial protein synthesis and growth. However, because eukaryotic cells do not have a 23S rRNA equivalent, these antibiotics are generally not toxic to human cells.

"Halobacterium salinarum" is not a medical term, but a scientific name for a type of archaea (single-celled microorganism) that is commonly found in extremely salty environments, such as salt lakes and solar salterns. It is often used as a model organism in research related to archaea and extremophiles.

Here's a brief scientific definition:

"Halobacterium salinarum" is a species of halophilic archaea belonging to the family Halobacteriaceae. It is a rod-shaped, gram-negative organism that requires high salt concentrations (in the range of 15-25%) for growth and survival. This archaeon is known for its ability to produce bacteriorhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump, which gives it a purple color and allows it to generate energy through phototrophy in addition to being chemotrophic. It is also capable of forming endospores under conditions of nutrient deprivation.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are complex structures inside cells where protein synthesis occurs. The "16S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of the rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its size and shape. In particular, 16S rRNA is a component of the smaller subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (found in bacteria and archaea), and is often used as a molecular marker for identifying and classifying these organisms due to its relative stability and conservation among species. The sequence of 16S rRNA can be compared across different species to determine their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic positions.

... pages for Haloarcula Search Species2000 page for Haloarcula MicrobeWiki page for Haloarcula LPSN page for Haloarcula Haloarcula ... PubMed references for Haloarcula PubMed Central references for Haloarcula Google Scholar references for Haloarcula NCBI ... Haloarcula (common abbreviation Har.) is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria. Haloarcula species ... Haloarcula species are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils. Like other ...
... is a halophilic archaeon isolated from the Dead Sea Haloarcula marismortui is a Gram-negative archaeon ... Haloarcula marismortui is considered an extreme halophile and has been isolated from the Dead Sea. H. marismortui has a ... "Haloarcula marismortui". NCBI. Retrieved 2021-11-22. Syutkin, Alexey S.; Pyatibratov, Mikhail G.; Galzitskaya, Oxana V.; ... "Genome sequence of Haloarcula marismortui: A halophilic archaeon from the Dead Sea". Genome Research. 14 (11): 2221-2234. doi: ...
... is a species of archaea discovered in a brine pool in the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. It was one of the first ... They were categorized as Haloarcula on the basis of their polar lipid composition. The cells move using single or multiple ... Species within the genus Haloarcula are Gram negative and extremely halophilic, and they can use any of several sources of ... Oren, A.; Ventosa, A.; Gutierrez, M. C.; Kamekura, M. (1 July 1999). "Haloarcula quadrata sp. nov., a square, motile archaeon ...
... is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects the archaeon Haloarcula hispanica. This virus has a ... a novel lipid-containing virus infecting the halophilic euryarchaeon Haloarcula hispanica. J Virol 79(14):9097-9107 (Articles ...
... (HHPV1) is a double stranded DNA virus that infects the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula ...
Juez, Guadalupe; Rodriguez-Valera, F.; Ventosa, Antonio; Kushner, Donn J. (1986). "Haloarcula hispanica spec. nov. and ...
Oren A, Ventosa A, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M (July 1999). "Haloarcula quadrata sp. nov., a square, motile archaeon isolated from ... It was the only recognized species of the genus Haloquadratum until 1999 when Haloarcula quadrata was reported as recovered ... Attempts to cultivate the archaea were unsuccessful until 2004 and resulted in the identification of Haloarcula quadrata, ... another species of square archaea of the genus Haloarcula, distinct from H. walsbyi, less abundant and genetically quite ...
Haloarcula vallismortis Halobacterium volcanii > Haloferax volcanii The Halobacterium NRC-1 genome is 2,571,010 bp compiled ...
Nageli) and Haloarcula SP. To the space environment". Advances in Space Research. 22 (3): 327-334. Bibcode:1998AdSpR..22..327M ...
2014 Haloarcula Torreblanca et al. 1986 Halocatena Verma et al. 2020 ?Halococcoides Sorokin et al. 2019 "Haloglomus" Duran- ...
Haloarcula hispanica may serve as a host. Transmission occurs via passive diffusion. The linear, dsDNA genome of His1 consists ... This virus was isolated from hypersaline water in Australia and was able to be cultured on the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula ... an archaeal virus of the Fuselloviridae family that infects Haloarcula hispanica". Journal of Virology. 72 (11): 9392-5. doi: ...
The name Haloarculaceae is derived from the Latin term Haloarcula, referring to the type genus of the family and the suffix "- ... The type genus of this family is Haloarcula. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Halobacteriales. ... Together, Haloarculaceae refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus Haloarcula. As of 2021, Haloarculaceae ...
Dirghangi, Sitindra S.; Pagani, Mark (2013-10-15). "Hydrogen isotope fractionation during lipid biosynthesis by Haloarcula ...
"Multiple replication origins with diverse control mechanisms in Haloarcula hispanica". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (4): 2282-94 ...
November 2004). "Genome sequence of Haloarcula marismortui: a halophilic archaeon from the Dead Sea". Genome Research. 14 (11 ... November 2011). "Complete genome sequence of Haloarcula hispanica, a Model Haloarchaeon for studying genetics, metabolism, and ...
Archaea Haloarcula marismortui If Mars had an ocean, it would have been very salty. H. marismortui is halophilic. ...
"Structures of triacetyloleandomycin and mycalamide A bind to the large ribosomal subunit of Haloarcula marismortui". ...
Haloarcula hispanica virus SH1 would later, in 2003, become the first SJR-MCP virus discovered. Over time, the use of ...
Biosynthetic Pathway of the C50Carotenoid Bacterioruberin from Lycopene in the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Haloarcula ...
"Determination of the Atomic-Resolution Crystal Structure of the Large Subunit from the Ribosome of Haloarcula marismortui;", ... "The Atomic Resolution Crystal Structure of the Large Ribosomal Subunit from Haloarcula marismortui", NSLS Activity Report (2000 ...
Mojica described the complete gene sequence repeats in the archaeal organisms Haloferax and Haloarcula species, and studied ...
Halophiles, grow optimally in high salt concentrations between 0.2 M and 5.2 M NaCl, including the genera Haloarcula, Haloferax ...
... in Escherichia coli of the gene coding for malate dehydrogenase of the extremely halophilic archaebacterium Haloarcula ...
... and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen.nov". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 8 (1-2): 89-99. doi:10.1016/s0723-2020( ...
... and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen.nov". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 8 (1-2): 89-99. doi:10.1016/s0723-2020( ...
... has been referred to as RPL23 because the encoded protein shares amino acid identity with ribosomal protein L23 from Haloarcula ...
... and Description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen. nov". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. Elsevier BV. 8 (1-2): 89- ...
Mojica at the University of Alicante in Spain studied repeats observed in the archaeal organisms of Haloferax and Haloarcula ...
Haloarcula hispanica icosahedral virus 2 Haloarcula hispanica virus PH1 Haloarcula hispanica virus SH1 Haloarcula virus HCIV1 ... Porter K, Tang SL, Chen CP, Chiang PW, Hong MJ, Dyall-Smith M (2013) PH1: An archaeovirus of Haloarcula hispanica related to ...
This is seen in cases such as the genus Haloarcula, which is estimated to make up less than 0.1% of the in situ community, but ... Haloarcula, and Halobacterium. However, the viable counts in these cultivation studies have been small when compared to total ...
... pages for Haloarcula Search Species2000 page for Haloarcula MicrobeWiki page for Haloarcula LPSN page for Haloarcula Haloarcula ... PubMed references for Haloarcula PubMed Central references for Haloarcula Google Scholar references for Haloarcula NCBI ... Haloarcula (common abbreviation Har.) is a genus of extreme halophilic Archaea in the class of Halobactaria. Haloarcula species ... Haloarcula species are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils. Like other ...
Timeline for Species Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId:2238] from b.34.5.1 Ribosomal proteins L21e: *Species Haloarcula marismortui ... Species Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId:2238] from b.34.5.1 Ribosomal proteins L21e appears in SCOPe 2.04. *Species Haloarcula ... PDB entries in Species: Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId: 2238]:. *Domain(s) for 1ffk: *. Domain d1ffkn_: 1ffk N: [24606]. Other ... Species Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId:2238] from b.34.5.1 Ribosomal proteins L21e appears in the current release, SCOPe 2.08. ...
Haloarcula marismortui, contains two nonadjacent ribosomal RNA operons, designated rrnA and rrnB, in its genome. The 16S rRNA ... Sequence heterogeneity between the two genes encoding 16S rRNA from the halophilic archaebacterium Haloarcula marismortui S ... Sequence heterogeneity between the two genes encoding 16S rRNA from the halophilic archaebacterium Haloarcula marismortui S ... Transcription analysis of two disparate rRNA operons in the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula marismortui. Dennis PP, Ziesche S, ...
23S RIBOSOMAL RNAR(P*CP*C*)-D(P*A)-R(P*(PU))
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE LARGE RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT FROM HALOARCULA MARISMORTUI AT 2.4 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION ...
Haloarcula argentinensis Class: Halobacteria 4 KB (532 words) - 23:57, 30 March 2022 ...
The structure of the transition state analogue DAA bound to the large ribosomal subunit of Haloarcula marismortui ... The structure of the transition state analogue DAA bound to the large ribosomal subunit of Haloarcula marismortui Coordinates ...
Abstract: The 1310 Haloarcula marismortui proteins identified from mid-log and late-log phase soluble and membrane proteomes ... Title: Metabolic capabilities and systems fluctuations in Haloarcula marismortui revealed by integrative genomics and ... MeSH Terms: Archaeal Proteins/genetics; Archaeal Proteins/metabolism*; Data Mining; Gene Expression Profiling; Haloarcula ... marismortui*/genetics; Haloarcula marismortui*/metabolism; Metabolic Networks and Pathways*/genetics; Models, Biological; ...
Figure 4: Atomic structure of the 50S subunit from Haloarcula marismortui. Proteins are shown in blue and the two RNA chains in ... The 50S (large prokaryotic) subunit was determined from the archaeon Haloarcula marismortui[39] and the bacterium Deinococcus ...
Cultivation studies revealed that the archaeal isolates were closely related to the genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula, and ... Haloarcula (27.8 %), Halorubrum (49.6 %), and Halonotius (59.8 %), respectively. Bacteroidetes was the dominant bacterial ...
Species Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId:2238] [52083] (40 PDB entries). Uniprot P12737. *. Domain d2otll1: 2otl L:1-150 [139357] ... PDB Description: girodazole bound to the large subunit of haloarcula marismortui. PDB Compounds: (L:) 50S ribosomal protein ... d2otll1 c.12.1.1 (L:1-150) Ribosomal protein L15 (L15p) {Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId: 2238]} ... d2otll1 c.12.1.1 (L:1-150) Ribosomal protein L15 (L15p) {Haloarcula marismortui [TaxId: 2238]} ...
Sequence heterogeneity between the two genes encoding 16S rRNA from the halophilic archaebacterium Haloarcula marismortui. ...
date unknown] - . Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 plasmid pNG200, complete sequence; [cited 2007 Feb 27]. Available from: ...
The crystal structure of the domain of the putative light and redox sensing histidine kinase from Haloarcula marismortui. ... The crystal structure of a domain of HTR-like protein from Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049. ... Crystal structure of PAS domain of HTR-like protein from Haloarcula marismortui. ...
Positive and negative tandem mass spectrometric fingerprints of lipids from the halophilic Archaea Haloarcula marismortui.. de ...
Water is mysteriously sluggish inside cells of the extremely halophilic Dead Sea archaea Haloarcula marismortui, report ...
Haloarcula B02.200.400.400.400.410 Haloarcula marismortui B02.200.400.400.410 Halobacterium B02.200.400.400.410.450 ...
Inulin from halophilic archaeon Haloarcula: Production, chemical characterization, biological, and technological properties. ...
Haloarcula marismortui. Q5UY95 D-xylose dehydrogenase subunit (EC 1.1.1.179) from Haloarcula marismortui (strain ATCC 43049 / ... Q5UY95 D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.179) from Haloarcula marismortui. PFams: GFO_IDH_MocA. 360 amino acids: ... GFO6_HALMA / Q5UY95 Xylose dehydrogenase Gfo6; XDH; EC 1.1.1.179 from Haloarcula marismortui (strain ATCC 43049 / DSM 3752 / ...
The Haloarcula Marismortui 50s Complexed ... Schmeing 3.10 2002-01-07 0.6100 1NJI Structure Of Chloramphenicol Bound To The ... Refined Crystal Structure Of Haloarcula M ... Klein 2.40 2004-01-28 0.6300 3CCJ Structure Of Anisomycin Resistant 50s Rib ... ...
Haloarcula aidinensis (organism) {417940002 , SNOMED-CT } Haloarcula ajinwuensis (organism) {418235004 , SNOMED-CT } Haloarcula ... Haloarcula californiae (organism) {418187006 , SNOMED-CT } Haloarcula hispanica (organism) {417874004 , SNOMED-CT } Haloarcula ... Haloarcula quadrata (organism) {420015009 , SNOMED-CT } Haloarcula sinaiiensis (organism) {418188001 , SNOMED-CT } Haloarcula ... Genus Haloarcula (organism) {418800007 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) ...
Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.. Terms. Haloarcula ... Haloarcula Preferred Concept UI. M0029113. Registry Number. txid2237. Scope Note. A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE distinguished ... Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.. Registry Number. ... Haloarcula. Tree Number(s). B02.200.400.400.400. Unique ID. D019613. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019613 ...
Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.. Terms. Haloarcula ... Haloarcula Preferred Concept UI. M0029113. Registry Number. txid2237. Scope Note. A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE distinguished ... Haloarcula are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils.. Registry Number. ... Haloarcula. Tree Number(s). B02.200.400.400.400. Unique ID. D019613. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019613 ...
... and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol. 1986;8:89-99. ...
Crystal structure of Cruxrhodopsin-3 from Haloarcula vallismortis. Chan SK, Kitajima-Ihara T, Fujii R, Gotoh T, Murakami M, ...
NC_006396:2115334 Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 chromosome I, complete sequence. Host Lineage: Haloarcula marismortui; ... Haloarcula; Halobacteriaceae; Halobacteriales; Euryarchaeota; Archaea. General Information: This organism was isolated from the ...
Most representatives of the halophilic arachaeobacterial genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Haloferax tested were able to ... N2 - Most representatives of the halophilic arachaeobacterial genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Haloferax tested were able ... AB - Most representatives of the halophilic arachaeobacterial genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Haloferax tested were able ... abstract = "Most representatives of the halophilic arachaeobacterial genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Haloferax tested were ...
Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 plasmid pNG700, complete. 75.4044 %. Subject → Query. 27.0732. NC_015944:162233. Haloarcula ... Query: NC_006395:217139 Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 plasmid pNG700, complete. D: 37.9572. Host Lineage: Haloarcula ... Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 plasmid pNG700, complete. 84.7089 %. Subject ←→ Query. 30.4549. NC_002608:64901. ... Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 chromosome II, complete sequence. 80.7077 %. Subject ←→ Query. 28.4611. ...
keywords = "16S Ribosomal RNA, Haloarcula vallismortis, Halobacterium vallismortis, Halophilic bacteria, PIPES, Piperazine-N,N ... Haloarcula) vallismortis ATCC 29715. The strains appeared to be very closely related, as shown by the near identity of their 5S ... Haloarcula) vallismortis ATCC 29715. The strains appeared to be very closely related, as shown by the near identity of their 5S ... Haloarcula) vallismortis ATCC 29715. The strains appeared to be very closely related, as shown by the near identity of their 5S ...
Genus Haloarcula [II]. *Genus Halobacterium [I]. *Genus Halococcus [IV]. *Genus Haloferax [III] ...
  • A flask of deuterated Haloarcula marismortui cells. (scienceinschool.org)
  • The high-resolution structure of halophilic malate dehydrogenase (hMDH) from the archaebacterium Haloarcula marismortui was determined by x-ray crystallography. (proteopedia.org)
  • S superior book die mitarbeiterbeurteilung: programmierte unterweisung für den vorgesetzten in der praxis 1977 from Haloarcula marismortui, under attractive delay, electrostatic capabilities. (studiobmastering.com)
  • Haloarcula vallismortis , Haloarcula marismortui etc. (biologyreader.com)
  • Similar to other halophilic archaea, Haloarcula species grow optimally at 40-45 °C. Growth appears in sheets of up to 65 cells often in the shape of a square or triangle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus of Haloarcula was long grouped with other halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium until genomic analysis prompted to reorder this genus in the new family of Haloarculaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica , HAH_1206, renamed AepG, is a predicted glycosyltransferase belonging to the CAZy Group 2 family that shares a conserved amino acid sequence with dolichol phosphate mannose synthases. (iucc.ac.il)
  • General Information: Haloarcula hispanica is a halophilic archaeon. (up.ac.za)
  • The family Shortaselviridae includes lytic, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the hyperhalophilic archaeon Haloarcula sinaiiensis (Table 1. (ictv.global)
  • Haloarcula species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Halobacteriaceae by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haloarcula species are found in neutral saline environments such as salt lakes, marine salterns, and saline soils. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other members of the family Halobacteriaceae, Haloarcula requires at least 1.5 M NaCl for growth, but grow optimally in 2.0 to 4.5 M NaCl. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this investigation we rigorously show that SH1, an icosahedral dsDNA virus infecting Haloarcula hispanica, possesses lipid structural components that are selectively acquired from the host pool. (edu.au)
  • OTUs from genus Alkalibacillus were most abundant in hot spring sediments, whereas Haloarcula were more prevalent in saline soil. (pensoft.net)
  • Genome organisation of Haloarcula sinaiiensis tailed virus 1, a member of the family Shortaselviridae . (ictv.global)
  • Ribosome large subunit X-ray solved structure (PDB codename '4V9F') of Haloarcula marismortui . (ac.be)
  • This protein/RNA interface simulates the interaction of L5 with 23S rRNA observed in the Haloarcula marismortui 50S ribosomal subunit. (cnrs.fr)
  • The genus of Haloarcula was long grouped with other halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium until genomic analysis prompted to reorder this genus in the new family of Haloarculaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cultivation studies revealed that the archaeal isolates were closely related to the genera Halobacterium , Haloarcula, and Halorubrum . (springer.com)
  • Most representatives of the halophilic arachaeobacterial genera Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Haloferax tested were able to reduce dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethylsulfide (DMS) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine (TMA) under (semi)anaerobic conditions. (huji.ac.il)
  • from the Dead Sea in the late 1960's, often referred to as "Halobacterium marismortui" or "Halobacterium of the Dead Sea" (deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC 43049) was compared with Halobacterium (Haloarcula) vallismortis ATCC 29715. (huji.ac.il)
  • Comment: 3-part PTS system (fructose 1-phosphate forming) in Haloferax volcanii, Haloterrigena turkmenica, Haloarcula marismortui. (lbl.gov)
  • Similar to other halophilic archaea, Haloarcula species grow optimally at 40-45 °C. Growth appears in sheets of up to 65 cells often in the shape of a square or triangle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The halophilic archaebacterium, Haloarcula marismortui, contains two nonadjacent ribosomal RNA operons, designated rrnA and rrnB, in its genome. (nih.gov)
  • 29. Positive and negative tandem mass spectrometric fingerprints of lipids from the halophilic Archaea Haloarcula marismortui. (nih.gov)
  • 2011). Although most halophilic Archaea preferentially use amino acids as carbon and energy source, there are carbohydrate-utilizing species such as Haloarcula marismortui, Halococcus saccharolyticus, and Hfx. (casr-signal.com)
  • Haloarcula species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Halobacteriaceae by the presence of specific derivatives of TGD-2 polar lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The family Madisaviridae includes lytic double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the hyperhalophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica (Table 1. (ictv.global)
  • Genome organisation of Haloarcula hispanica tailed virus 1, a member of the family Madisaviridae . (ictv.global)
  • High-throughput 16S rRNA-based gene sequencing showed that the most frequent archaeal OTUs in Bingöl, Fadlum, Tuzlagözü, and Kemah samples were affiliated with Haloquadratum (76.8 %), Haloarcula (27.8 %), Halorubrum (49.6 %), and Halonotius (59.8 %), respectively. (springer.com)
  • Nevertheless, none of the other genes description encoding C1 converting enzymes identified in Haloquadratum or Haloarcula have been uncovered in Nab. (cgrpreceptor.com)
  • The 1310 Haloarcula marismortui proteins identified from mid-log and late-log phase soluble and membrane proteomes were analyzed in metabolic and cellular process networks to predict the available systems and systems fluctuations upon environmental stresses. (nih.gov)
  • Biochemical characterization of the amylase activity from the new haloarchaeal strain haloarcula sp. (uhu.es)