Genetic Determinism
Eugenics
The attempt to improve the PHENOTYPES of future generations of the human population by fostering the reproduction of those with favorable phenotypes and GENOTYPES and hampering or preventing BREEDING by those with "undesirable" phenotypes and genotypes. The concept is largely discredited. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Shared Paranoid Disorder
Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia, Paranoid
Delusions
Antipsychotic Agents
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
Schizophrenia
Persons and their copies. (1/26)
Is cloning human beings morally wrong? The basis for the one serious objection to cloning is that, because of what a clone is, clones would have much worse lives than non-clones. I sketch a fragment of moral theory to make sense of the objection. I then outline several ways in which it might be claimed that, because of what a clone is, clones would have much worse lives than non-clones. In particular, I look at various ideas connected with autonomy. I conclude that there is no basis to the claim that, because of what a clone is, clones would have much worse lives than non-clones. I therefore reject the claim that cloning human beings is morally wrong. (+info)Equality and selection for existence. (2/26)
It is argued that the policy of excluding from further life some human gametes and pre-embryos as "unfit" for existence is not at odds with a defensible idea of human equality. Such an idea must be compatible with the obvious fact that the "functional" value of humans differs, that their "use" to themselves and others differs. A defensible idea of human equality is instead grounded in the fact that as this functional difference is genetically determined, it is nothing which makes humans deserve or be worthy of being better or worse off. Rather, nobody is worth a better life than anyone else. This idea of equality is, however, not applicable to gametes and pre-embryos, since they are not human beings, but something out of which human beings develop. (+info)Can we learn from eugenics? (3/26)
Eugenics casts a long shadow over contemporary genetics. Any measure, whether in clinical genetics or biotechnology, which is suspected of eugenic intent is likely to be opposed on that ground. Yet there is little consensus on what this word signifies, and often only a remote connection to the very complex set of social movements which took that name. After a brief historical summary of eugenics, this essay attempts to locate any wrongs inherent in eugenic doctrines. Four candidates are examined and rejected. The moral challenge posed by eugenics for genetics in our own time, I argue, is to achieve social justice. (+info)Genetically determined obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome: the ethics and legality of treatment. (4/26)
A central characteristic of people with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is an apparent insatiable appetite leading to severe overeating and the potential for marked obesity and associated serious health problems and premature death. This behaviour may be due to the effects of the genetic defect resulting from the chromosome 15 abnormalities associated with the syndrome. We examine the ethical and legal dilemmas that can arise in the care of people with PWS. A tension exists between a genetic deterministic perspective and that of individual choice. We conclude that the determination of the capacity of a person with PWS to make decisions about his/her eating behaviour and to control that behaviour is of particular importance in resolving this dilemma. If the person is found to lack capacity, the common law principles of acting in a person's "best interests" using the "least restrictive alternative" may be helpful. Allowing serious weight gain in the absence of careful consideration of these issues is an abdication of responsibility. (+info)Disability, gene therapy and eugenics--a challenge to John Harris. (5/26)
This article challenges the view of disability presented by Harris in his article, "Is gene therapy a form of eugenics?" It is argued that his definition of disability rests on an individual model of disability, where disability is regarded as a product of biological determinism or "personal tragedy" in the individual. Within disability theory this view is often called "the medical model" and it has been criticised for not being able to deal with the term "disability", but only with impairment. The individual model of disability presupposes a necessary causal link between a certain condition in the individual and disablement. The shortcomings of such a view of disability are stated and it is argued that in order to have an adequate ethical discourse on gene therapy perspectives from disability research need to be taken into consideration. (+info)Human cloning laws, human dignity and the poverty of the policy making dialogue. (6/26)
BACKGROUND: The regulation of human cloning continues to be a significant national and international policy issue. Despite years of intense academic and public debate, there is little clarity as to the philosophical foundations for many of the emerging policy choices. The notion of "human dignity" is commonly used to justify cloning laws. The basis for this justification is that reproductive human cloning necessarily infringes notions of human dignity. DISCUSSION: The author critiques one of the most commonly used ethical justifications for cloning laws - the idea that reproductive cloning necessarily infringes notions of human dignity. He points out that there is, in fact, little consensus on point and that the counter arguments are rarely reflected in formal policy. Rarely do domestic or international instruments provide an operational definition of human dignity and there is rarely an explanation of how, exactly, dignity is infringed in the context reproductive cloning. SUMMARY: It is the author's position that the lack of thoughtful analysis of the role of human dignity hurts the broader public debate about reproductive cloning, trivializes the value of human dignity as a normative principle and makes it nearly impossible to critique the actual justifications behind many of the proposed policies. (+info)Genotype, phenotype and cancer: role of low penetrance genes and environment in tumour susceptibility. (7/26)
Role of heredity and lifestyle in sporadic cancers is well documented. Here we focus on the influence of low penetrance genes and habits, with emphasis on tobacco habit in causing head and neck cancers. Role of such gene-environment interaction can be well studied in individuals with multiple primary cancers. Thus such a biological model may elucidate that cancer causation is not solely due to genetic determinism but also significantly relies on lifestyle of the individual. (+info)Imaging or imagining? A neuroethics challenge informed by genetics. (8/26)
From a twenty-first century partnership between bioethics and neuroscience, the modern field of neuroethics is emerging, and technologies enabling functional neuroimaging with unprecedented sensitivity have brought new ethical, social and legal issues to the forefront. Some issues, akin to those surrounding modern genetics, raise critical questions regarding prediction of disease, privacy and identity. However, with new and still-evolving insights into our neurobiology and previously unquantifiable features of profoundly personal behaviors such as social attitude, value and moral agency, the difficulty of carefully and properly interpreting the relationship between brain findings and our own self-concept is unprecedented. Therefore, while the ethics of genetics provides a legitimate starting point--even a backbone--for tackling ethical issues in neuroimaging, they do not suffice. Drawing on recent neuroimaging findings and their plausible real-world applications, we argue that interpretation of neuroimaging data is a key epistemological and ethical challenge. This challenge is two-fold. First, at the scientific level, the sheer complexity of neuroscience research poses challenges for integration of knowledge and meaningful interpretation of data. Second, at the social and cultural level, we find that interpretations of imaging studies are bound by cultural and anthropological frameworks. In particular, the introduction of concepts of self and personhood in neuroimaging illustrates the interaction of interpretation levels and is a major reason why ethical reflection on genetics will only partially help settle neuroethical issues. Indeed, ethical interpretation of such findings will necessitate not only traditional bioethical input but also a wider perspective on the construction of scientific knowledge. (+info)Genetic determinism is the belief that an individual's genetic makeup solely determines their traits, predispositions, and phenotypic expressions, overlooking the influence and complex interaction of environmental factors and gene expression regulation.
Genetic determinism is a philosophical concept that suggests that our genetic makeup is the sole determining factor for our traits, behaviors, and diseases. According to this perspective, our genes dictate our development, personality, health outcomes, and other aspects of our lives, with little or no influence from environmental factors or personal choices.
However, this view has been largely discredited by modern genetic research, which has shown that the relationship between genes and traits is much more complex than previously thought. Most traits are influenced by a combination of multiple genes (known as polygenic inheritance) and environmental factors, making it difficult to predict outcomes based solely on genetics.
It's important to note that while our genes can influence our risk for certain diseases or conditions, they do not determine our destiny. Lifestyle choices, environment, and other factors can also play a significant role in shaping our health and well-being.
'Eugenics' is a scientifically discredited practice or philosophy centered on improving the human species through selective breeding and/or genetic engineering, aiming to increase the occurrence of desired traits and decrease those considered undesirable.
Eugenics is a scientific movement that advocates for the improvement of human genetic qualities through various measures such as controlled breeding, selective immigration, and even forced sterilization. The goal of eugenics is to increase the number of individuals who possess desirable traits and decrease the number of those with undesirable traits in order to improve the overall genetic makeup of the population.
The term "eugenics" was coined by Sir Francis Galton, a British scientist, in 1883. He believed that intelligence and other positive traits were heritable and could be improved through selective breeding. The eugenics movement gained popularity in the early 20th century, particularly in the United States and Germany, where it was used to justify forced sterilization and other coercive measures aimed at controlling the reproduction of certain groups of people.
Today, the concept of eugenics is widely discredited due to its association with discrimination, racism, and human rights abuses. However, the principles of genetics and heredity that underlie eugenics continue to be studied and applied in fields such as medicine and agriculture.
Shared Paranoid Disorder, also known as Shared Psychotic Disorder or Folie à deux, is a rare mental health condition where a delusional belief is transferred from one individual to another who lives in close proximity and has a particularly strong emotional bond with the first person.
'Shared Paranoid Disorder' is also known as 'Induced Paranoid Disorder' or 'Folie à deux.' It is not listed as a separate disorder in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) used by mental health professionals for diagnosis. However, it can be classified under Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.
It is described as a delusional disorder that develops in an individual due to a close and influential relationship with another person who has an established delusional disorder. The secondary person's delusion is similar to or derived from the primary person's delusion, and they usually share a common living situation or have a very close emotional bond.
The delusions are not due to any other medical condition, substance use, or better explained by another mental disorder. Also, when the relationship between the two individuals ends, the secondary person's delusional symptoms usually decrease or disappear.
'Psychotic Disorders' is a category of mental health conditions characterized by profound disturbances in cognition, perception, emotion, and behavior, often involving hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, or disordered thought processes that impair daily functioning.
Psychotic disorders are a group of severe mental health conditions characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that lead to an inability to recognize reality. The two most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are when a person sees, hears, or feels things that aren't there, while delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based on reality.
Other symptoms may include disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms such as apathy and lack of emotional expression. Schizophrenia is the most well-known psychotic disorder, but other types include schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.
Psychotic disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Paranoid Schizophrenia is a subtype of Schizophrenia characterized by the presence of prominent delusions and auditory hallucinations, often with a persecutory or grandiose theme, usually without significant disorganization of behavior, speech or thought.
Paranoid Schizophrenia is a subtype of Schizophrenia, which is a chronic and severe mental disorder. It is characterized by the presence of prominent delusions and auditory hallucinations. The delusions in paranoid schizophrenia often involve themes of persecution or grandiosity. Individuals with this subtype usually have a clear sense of self and maintain relatively well-preserved cognitive functions and affect. However, their symptoms can significantly impact their ability to function in daily life, social relationships, and vocational activities. It's important to note that schizophrenia is a complex disorder, and its diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional based on a comprehensive evaluation of the individual's symptoms, history, and mental status examination.
'Delusions' in medical terms are firmly fixed, false beliefs that are strongly resistant to reason or evidence and are not congruent with the individual's cultural or educational background. Please note that this is a simplified definition; clinical diagnosis should be made by healthcare professionals.
A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is firmly held despite evidence to the contrary and is not shared by others who hold similar cultural or religious beliefs. Delusions are a key symptom of certain psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and delusional disorder. They can also be seen in other medical conditions, such as dementia, brain injury, or substance abuse.
Delusions can take many forms, but some common types include:
* Persecutory delusions: the belief that one is being targeted or harmed by others
* Grandiose delusions: the belief that one has special powers, talents, or importance
* Erotomanic delusions: the belief that someone, often of higher social status, is in love with the individual
* Somatic delusions: the belief that one's body is abnormal or has been altered in some way
* Religious or spiritual delusions: the belief that one has a special relationship with a deity or religious figure
Delusions should not be confused with overvalued ideas, which are strongly held beliefs based on subjective interpretation of experiences or evidence. Overvalued ideas may be shared by others and can sometimes develop into delusions if they become fixed and firmly held despite contradictory evidence.
Antipsychotic agents are a class of medications primarily used to manage psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thought processes, by blocking the action of dopamine in the brain.
Antipsychotic agents are a class of medications used to manage and treat psychosis, which includes symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, disordered thought processes, and agitated behavior. These drugs work by blocking the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is believed to play a role in the development of psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics can be broadly divided into two categories: first-generation antipsychotics (also known as typical antipsychotics) and second-generation antipsychotics (also known as atypical antipsychotics).
First-generation antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and fluphenazine, were developed in the 1950s and have been widely used for several decades. They are generally effective in reducing positive symptoms of psychosis (such as hallucinations and delusions) but can cause significant side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as rigidity, tremors, and involuntary movements, as well as weight gain, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension.
Second-generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole, were developed more recently and are considered to have a more favorable side effect profile than first-generation antipsychotics. They are generally effective in reducing both positive and negative symptoms of psychosis (such as apathy, anhedonia, and social withdrawal) and cause fewer EPS. However, they can still cause significant weight gain, metabolic disturbances, and sedation.
Antipsychotic agents are used to treat various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, delusional disorder, and other conditions that involve psychosis or agitation. They can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or via long-acting injectable formulations. The choice of antipsychotic agent depends on the individual patient's needs, preferences, and response to treatment, as well as the potential for side effects. Regular monitoring of patients taking antipsychotics is essential to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
"Schizophrenia is a severe, complex, and chronic mental disorder characterized by profound disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions, typically involving hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech or behavior."
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. It often includes hallucinations (usually hearing voices), delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech and behavior. The onset of symptoms typically occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment and management. It significantly impairs social and occupational functioning, and it's often associated with reduced life expectancy due to comorbid medical conditions. The exact causes of schizophrenia are not fully understood, but research suggests that genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental factors play a role in its development.
Psychoses, Substance-Induced is a psychiatric disorder characterized by significant disturbances in thought processes, perception, emotional responsiveness, and/or behavior, which are directly caused by the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., drugs, medications, or toxic substances) on the central nervous system.
Substance-induced psychosis is a type of psychosis that is caused by the use of drugs, alcohol, or other substances. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder as follows:
A. Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms:
1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is caused by the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a combination of substances.
C. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium and is not better explained by a psychotic disorder that is not substance/medication-induced. The symptoms in Criterion A developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication.
D. The disturbance causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
E. The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder).
It's important to note that the diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis requires a thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation to determine if the symptoms are caused by substance use or another underlying mental health condition.
Paul H. Silverman
Silverman, Paul (2004-05-24). "Rethinking Genetic Determinism". The Scientist. Retrieved 2018-12-04. (Articles with short ... he urged his fellow researchers to abandon genetic determinism, asking, "With only 30,000 genes, what is it that makes humans ...
Blueprint (Plomin book)
Comfort, Nathaniel (September 2018). "Genetic determinism rides again". Nature. 561 (7724): 461-463. Bibcode:2018Natur.561.. ... "a manifesto for genetic determinism" are "misreading [...] the book". "Blueprint". The MIT Press. Retrieved 2019-04-01. Anthony ... Nathaniel Comfort criticized the book for promoting genetic determinism and "play[ing] fast and loose with the concept of ... The book argues that genetic factors, and specifically variations in individuals' DNA, has a large effect on human ...
Transhumanism
Peters, Ted (1997). Playing God?: Genetic Determinism and Human Freedom. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91522-9. OCLC 35192269. ... They argue against the genetic engineering of human beings because they fear the blurring of the boundary between human and ... The 1997 film Gattaca depicts a dystopian society in which one's social class depends entirely on genetic potential and is ... With the exponential progress in bioinformatics, Hughes believes that a virtual model of genetic expression in the human body ...
Determinism
... in which case it represents a form of biological determinism, sometimes called genetic determinism. Biological determinism is ... Biological determinism, sometimes called genetic determinism, is the idea that each of human behaviors, beliefs, and desires ... Theological determinism constitutes a fifth kind of determinism. There are two types of theological determinism, both ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Determinism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Causal Determinism Determinism ...
Richard Lewontin
He and others criticize this approach when applied to humans, as he sees it as genetic determinism. In his writing, Lewontin ... Peters, Ted (2003). Playing God? genetic determinism and human freedom (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 29-31. ISBN 978-0- ... From a sociological perspective, Lewontin strongly opposed genetic determinism and neodarwinism as expressed in the fields of ... That is, it appears that a majority of genetic variation is found within groups only if a single locus is used, but the reverse ...
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: L
"The Double-Edged Sword of Genetic Determinism."". 14 October 2013. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 6 ...
Hereditarianism
However, in some cases genetic determinism is true; for example, Matt Ridley describes Huntington's disease as "pure fatalism, ... Theories opposed to hereditarianism include behaviorism, social determinism and environmental determinism.[citation needed] ... Hereditarianism is sometimes used as a synonym for biological or genetic determinism, though some scholars distinguish the two ... When distinguished, biological determinism is used to mean that heredity is the only factor. Supporters of hereditarianism ...
Essentialism
Dar-Nimrod, I.; Heine, S. J. (2011). "Genetic essentialism: On the deceptive determinism of DNA". Psychological Bulletin. 137 ( ... A significant number of modern anthropologists and biologists in the West came to view race as an invalid genetic or biological ... Rangel, U.; Keller, J. (2011). "Essentialism goes social: Belief in social determinism as a component of psychological ... genetic testing, health care, and disability. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101-124. ISBN 978-0521832014. Reardon, Jenny ( ...
Theory of language
Approaches to language as part of cultural evolution can be roughly divided into two main groups: genetic determinism which ... Although meant as a softer alternative to genetic determinism, memetics has been widely discredited as pseudoscience, and it ... More recent anthropological research aims to avoid genetic determinism. Behavioural ecology and dual inheritance theory, the ... It is known, for example, that since early humans started developing their language, the process paved way for genetic changes ...
Charles Lasègue
Lazarus, A. (1985). Folie à deux: psychosis by association or genetic determinism?. Comprehensive psychiatry, 26(2), 129-135. ...
Peter Lipton
"Genetic and Generic Determinism: A New Threat to Free Will?", in D. Rees and S. Rose (eds.) Perils and Prospects of the New ...
Muscle hypertrophy
doi:10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.12.2076 Simoneau JA, Bouchard C (August 1995). "Genetic determinism of fiber type proportion in human ... Genetic Influences on Muscle Strength, Lean Body Mass, and Bone Mineral Density: A Twin Study. J Bone Miner Res, 12: 2076-2081 ...
Skeletal muscle
"Genetic determinism of fiber type proportion in human skeletal muscle". The FASEB Journal. 9 (11): 1091-1095. doi:10.1096/ ... In addition to having a genetic basis, the composition of muscle fiber types is flexible and can vary with a number of ... as well as genetic testing to identify DNA abnormalities associated with specific myopathies and dystrophies. A non-invasive ...
Evolutionary psychology
Some critics view evolutionary psychology as a form of genetic reductionism and genetic determinism, a common critique being ... doi:10.1016/0162-3095(89)90012-5. Evolutionary Psychology: A Case Study in the Poverty of Genetic Determinism. In Marc H. V. ... Critics of evolutionary psychology accuse it of promoting genetic determinism, pan-adaptationism (the idea that all behaviors ... Evidence against a genetic-based revolution in language 50,000 years ago. In R. Botha and C. Knight (eds), The Cradle of ...
The Language Instinct
Webster believes that such speculations strengthen supporters of extreme genetic determinism. Geoffrey Sampson: The 'Language ... and concludes that Pinker argues cogently that the human capacity for language is part of the genetic endowment associated with ...
Genotropism
Szondi arrived a sort of genetic determinism, a philosophical theory of predestination. "The latent hereditary factors in human ... "Genetic tendencies can be decoded by constructing genealogies, indicating recurrent patterns of marriage, friendship, and ... Known to Szondi as heterosis, it is currently known as "balancing selection." Szondi concluded that genetic traits confer needs ... the theory concludes that instinct is biological and genetic in origin. Szondi believed that these genes regulated the " ...
Gattaca
ISBN 0-521-53615-4. Kirby, D.A. (2000). "The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in GATTACA". Science ... Rather than banning genetic testing or genetic enhancement, society should develop genetic information privacy laws, such as ... that allow justified forms of genetic testing and data aggregation, but forbid those that are judged to result in genetic ... while those conceived naturally and more susceptible to genetic disorders are known as "in-valids". Genetic discrimination is ...
Biology in fiction
Kirby, David A. (July 2000). "The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in "GATTACA"". Science Fiction ... a genetic accident with disastrous consequences; or, the feasibility and desirability of a planned genetic alteration. The ... Aldous Huxley's 1931 novel Brave New World is similarly gloomy about the oppressive consequences of advances in genetic ... Aspects of genetics including mutation or hybridisation, cloning (as in Brave New World), genetic engineering, and eugenics ...
Matthew Hughey
"Race, Racial Inequality, and Biological Determinism in the Genetic and Genomic Era." The Annals of the American Academy of ... Hughey, Matthew; Byrd, W. Carson (September 2015). "Race, Racial Inequality, and Biological Determinism in the Genetic and ... His work has included studying whiteness, race and media, race and politics, racism and racial assumptions within genetic and ... "Survival of the Fastest? The Media Spectacle of Black Athleticism and Biological Determinism." Contexts 13(1):56-8. 2015. "The ...
Criticism of evolutionary psychology
Lickliter and Honeycutt have stated that the assumption of genetic determinism is most evident in the theory that learning and ... Workman and Reader also deny the accusation of genetic determinism, asserting that genes usually do not cause behaviors ... Some critics view evolutionary psychology as influenced by genetic determinism and reductionism. Evolutionary psychology is ... Genetic drift is caused by chance variation in the genes, environment, or development. Evolutionary by-products are traits that ...
Biology and political science
Debates persist inside the field and out, regarding genetic and biological determinism. Important recent surveys of leading ... "Genetic Influences on Political Attitudes over the Life Course." Journal of Politics 71 (3):1141-56. Schreiber, Darren. 2011. " ...
Genetics in fiction
Kirby, David A. (July 2000). "The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in "GATTACA"". Science Fiction ... Genetic engineering, the modification of the genetic material of a live organism, became possible in 1972 when Paul Berg ... Genetic engineering of humans is unrestricted, resulting in genetic discrimination, loss of diversity, and adverse effects on ... and the molecular biologist Lee Silver described the film's extreme genetic determinism as "a straw man". The geneticist Dan ...
Metallosphaera hakonensis
Giulio, Massimo Di (2013-10-01). "The Origin of the Genetic Code: Matter of Metabolism or Physicochemical Determinism?". ... determined through genetic testing that the organism belongs to the Metallosphaera genus in 2003. Takayanagi et al. determined ...
Glossary of philosophy
It is closely related to and often used interchangeably with genetic determinism. Buddhism A dharmic religion and philosophy ... historical determinism The philosophical proposition that events in history were determined by a series of occurrences previous ... compatibilism Also known as "soft determinism" and championed by David Hume, is a theory that holds that free will and ... While a decision making process exists in Hume's determinism, this process is governed by a causal chain of events. Comtism ...
Genome (book)
Chapter 22, Free Will Ridley addresses the heated debate between genetic determinism and freedom. Children are moulded both by ... Chapter 14, Immortality This chapter examines the so-called "immortality" of the genetic code - i.e. how is it that genetic ... Chapter 18, Cures Recombinant DNA enabled genetic manipulation with restriction enzymes and a ligase. Genetic engineering has ... The theory of genetic conflict and evolution is debated using the rhetorical question, are we bodies containing genes, or genes ...
Scott F. Gilbert
Genetic determinism: The battle between scientific data and social image in contemporary developmental biology. In On Human ...
Distraction osteogenesis
"David A. Kirby: The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in GATTACA". www.depauw.edu. Retrieved 2022-09 ...
Science for the People
SftP's antiracist ideology put it at odds with the concepts of sociobiology and genetic determinism. Biologists within SftP ... The course covered genetic engineering, physical and social limitations and implications of human gene maps, polygenic ... SftP condemned the 1969 arguments that genetic differences were the underlying reason for differences in educational ...
David A. Kirby
"David A. Kirby: The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in GATTACA". www.depauw.edu. Retrieved 15 ... Kirby, D.A. (2000) "The New Eugenics in Cinema: Genetic Determinism and Gene Therapy in GATTACA," Science Fiction Studies, 27(2 ... an ideology known as genetic determinism. His other work on the topic of cinema, genetics and biotechnology shows how most ... movies simultaneously embrace genetic determinism while also strongly opposing any scientific attempts to change our genes. ...
Biological determinism
Genetic reductionism is a similar concept, but it is distinct from genetic determinism in that the former refers to the level ... Biological determinism, also known as genetic determinism, is the belief that human behaviour is directly controlled by an ... Biological determinism has been associated with movements in science and society including eugenics, scientific racism, and the ... The belief in biological determinism was matched in the 20th century by a blank slate denial of any possible influence of genes ...
A 'Blueprint' for Genetic Determinism - Mad In America
Fears of Genetic Claims and Genetic Determinism Are not "Misplaced". The implications of Plomins claimed "DNA revolution" are ... and actions flow from genetic determinist claims. Genetic determinism supports the idea that human beings, for the most part, ... I do agree, "Genetic determinism supports the idea that human beings, for the most part, are in their biologically destined ... "Genetic determinism," Turkheimer concluded, "is a cheap nostrum for an unhappy social scientist late in his career, but its ...
Genetic Determinism, Indeed! - Eveloce
Genetic Determinism, Indeed!. September 28, 2016. May 26, 2012. by eveloce Genetic determinism, according to Wikipedia, is the ... Sir Francis Galton was the first to use twins to study the genetic contribution to traits. He was a cousin of Charles Darwins ... And what about health? Genes are clearly important here as well, with hundreds of diseases now known to have a genetic ... But what about other things, like intelligence, athletic ability, and health? Twins can also help us figure out the genetic ...
Genetic Determinism - Page 2 - Helian Unbound
Genetic Determinism, Human natureTags evolution, genetic determinism3 Comments on Of Genetic Determinists and Unicorns Posts ... Category: Genetic Determinism. Of Genetic Determinists and Unicorns. There are and have been legions of cultural determinists, ... "genetic determinist" on his Genotopia website, sporting the sanctimonious title, Genetic Determinism: Why We Never Learn - and ... Whats troubling here is the genetic determinism… Reducing a complex behavior to a single gene gives us blinders: it tends to ...
Paul H. Silverman - Wikipedia
Tag: heritability | Evolution News
Marxism and human nature | Counterfire
Genetic determinism may purport to provide an alternative to a dualist view of human nature but ultimately it is reliant on the ... Genetic determinism, like dualism, does not give us any hope of changing the world. Its central argument is that our natures ... Genetic determinism. A dialectical understanding of the relation between human bodies and human culture shows the fallacy of ... One of the fallacies of genetic determinism is the idea that genes are analogous to a computer program. However many times you ...
Born this way (1): Genetic determinism and moral revolution - The Standard Bearer Magazine by Reformed Free Publishing...
Genetic determinism had served its purpose and could be discarded on the pile of bad ideas in place of something newer, better ... The specific aspect of genetic determinism that we are concerned with here is in the realm of human sexu-al behavior. Like ... Prior writers in the Standard Bearer and elsewhere have correctly pointed out that blind acceptance of genetic determinism ... As a justification for this position, the defense of ge-netic determinism is offered by Christians who support the ...
The genetic determinism of human performances. A comparison between teachers' conceptions in Finland and France | SFERE...
Mind control research and freedom -- Puppet Masters -- Sott.net
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Splitting Water with Ease
Caring mothers strike fatal blow against genetic determinism. Science in Society 41 , 6-9, 2009. ... Caring Mothers Strike Fatal Blow against Genetic Determinism , SiS 41), and due attention must be paid to those aspects in ... It is widely acclaimed for having predicted the genetic material DNA. Much less known and more significantly, it also predicted ... as genetic engineering is the epitome of Domo genetics that does not recognize the organic coherent whole where all genes and ...
GETTING HUMAN NATURE RIGHT | Edge.org
... genetic determinism, they should be worrying equally about environmental determinism. ... Genetic determinism fosters the notion that, if genes are part of the causal process, then in order to change outcomes youve ... Indeed, far from being genetic determinism, we can see why the Darwinian approach has even been called - with only a touch of ... The implication that seems to worry people most of all is so-called genetic determinism. Its the notion that, if human ...
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The history of eugenics at UCL: the inquiry report - DC's Improbable Science
For instance, a tendency towards genetic determinism. A paper was published in December in Nature Communications, for instance ... It has guided the development of genetic-counselling protocols and the debunking of the foundations of eugenics, as well as the ... trying to link genetic loci to income. Pointing fingers at the egregious cases draws attention away from the more subtle ... there is not much genetic contribution to income . . .". See https://twitter.com/ewanbirney/status/1206861632271454208 ...
Stand by Science: Creationism Crowds the Curriculum | Edutopia
Willful ideology, not genetic determinism, was the key to his Soviet revolution. Stalin named a crop biologist, Trofim ... Genetic mutations, as few as one in a million, exist in any population of organisms, and changes in the environment favor those ... creatures with the rare genetic advantage. Such an individual can resist changed conditions -- perhaps a hotter climate -- and ...
The Demon of Determinism » Michael Shermer
... of Gods existence there is arguably no greater conundrum in Western thought than the problem of free will and determinism, and ... Biologically speaking determinism is genetic influence that has been determined through natural selection. Environmental ... Determinism as it is now to us is nothing but the easy way out. We created the concept with the idea that our actions are ... 8 Comments to "The Demon of Determinism". * Charles Braslow. Says: June 11th, 2008 at 10:21 am Doesnt the Heisenberg Principle ...
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Genetic Determinism is a huge one. Old sayings like the apple doesnt fall far from the tree that sound like folk wisdom are ... You can look at the tendency of rural red-state people to cling to their ways and to their locales in neurological and genetic ... But there is also a genetic component to this. I was just reading a research report last night in which they examined a gene ...
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Attitudes of healthcare professionals and parents regarding genetic testing for violent traits in childhood | Journal of...
... the concern with genetic determinism persists.26,27 Furthermore, as suggested by Rose, this genetic determinism may be ... Behavioral genetic determinism: its effects on culture and law. In: Carson R, Rothstein MA, eds. Behavioral Genetics: The Clash ... Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in the Genetic Era. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997:60-73 at 71. ... Five of the genetic professionals had masters degrees in genetic counselling, while eight were physicians (six of whom were ...
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Davenport's Dream: 21st Century Reflections on Heredity & Eugenics
Genetic Determinism and Evolutionary Ethics: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Douglas C. Wallace. Psychiatric Genetics in an Era of ... Indeed genetic diversity is widely perceived as desirable if not essential for the future progress and survival of the species ... No one can say which (if any) human genetic variants will survive the anthropocene epoch we have just entered. Therefore ... In this new volume, prominent academics discuss themes from Davenports book human genetic variation, mental illness, nature vs ...
Davenport's Dream: 21st Century Reflections on Heredity & Eugenics
Genetic Determinism and Evolutionary Ethics: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Douglas C. Wallace. Psychiatric Genetics in an Era of ... Indeed genetic diversity is widely perceived as desirable if not essential for the future progress and survival of the species ... No one can say which (if any) human genetic variants will survive the anthropocene epoch we have just entered. Therefore ... In this new volume, prominent academics discuss themes from Davenports book human genetic variation, mental illness, nature vs ...
When Chomsky Worked on Weapons Systems for the Pentagon - by Chris Knight | libcom.org
Dee Finney's blog October 13, 2013 page 578 ELECTRONIC
BONDAGEGenesBehavior2017VariationNotionGeneVariantsCrudeTraitsInfectious AgentLociPerson'sBiologicalPredispositionPolygenicResearchersDiseasesDifferencesBehavioralAssortativeMakeupSpeciesTwinsEnvironmentMythPsychologicalPublicReviewTestsEffectsAspectsParticipantsCommonIdeaProblemMakeModelsTestComponentTimeRiskCaseSocialLifeRelevantEducational
Genes7
- Genetic determinism, according to Wikipedia, is the belief that genes, along with environmental conditions, determine morphological and behavioral phenotypes. (scienceblog.com)
- Genes are clearly important here as well, with hundreds of diseases now known to have a genetic component. (scienceblog.com)
- In an article published in The Scientist shortly before his death, he urged his fellow researchers to abandon genetic determinism, asking, "With only 30,000 genes, what is it that makes humans human? (wikipedia.org)
- Although no genetic tests for violent behaviour are currently available, research is ongoing to isolate genes related to a propensity for violence. (bmj.com)
- While genetic research has yielded accurate genetic tests for some single-gene conditions (for example Huntington's disease, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy), research continues into a wide range of multifactorial conditions (for example heart disease, diabetes, and behavioural traits) that will be explained only partially by the isolation of a gene or group of genes. (bmj.com)
- It is remarkable that white is one of the most studied genes in man's quest to understand genetic control and function in Drosophila (described in 1910 by Thomas Hunt Morgan as the first example of sex-linked inheritance in flies) and yet this phenomenon had not previously been reported. (nybooks.com)
- Our lives and lifestyles affect how our genes are expressed and this quashes the reasoning of genetic determinism. (lu.se)
Behavior6
- He has conducted "quantitative genetic" twin and adoption studies since the 1970s, and since the early 1990s he has also conducted molecular genetic studies in an attempt to discover genetic variants that he believes underlie "general intelligence" (IQ) and other areas of behavior. (madinamerica.com)
- What's troubling here is the genetic determinism… Reducing a complex behavior to a single gene gives us blinders: it tends to turn social problems into molecular ones. (helian.net)
- Some experts, such as Caitlin Jones of the Rochester Institute of Technology, put forth the theory that "having a genetic predisposition for criminal behavior does not determine the actions of an individual, but if they are exposed to the right environment, then their chances are greater for engaging in criminal or anti-social behavior. (legalmetro.com)
- These efforts led to the observation that wild-type (genetically unaltered) male flies will participate in homosexual courtship when exposed to a vigorous male-male courtship environment, demonstrating that both genetic factors and environmental cues influence this behavior. (nybooks.com)
- In this area the Trends in Genetics review does have one weakness: the authors note that critics of behavior genetics presume that they are attacking a Mendelian genetic architecture (e.g., 'the god gene'), when it fact behavior genetic traits are polygenic and highly distributed across the genome. (discovermagazine.com)
- There is an erroneous assumption that the variable genetic patterns in humans underlie relevant differences in health, behavior and even aptitude. (freethoughtblogs.com)
20171
- 2017. Genetic determinism vs. phenotypic plasticity in protist morphology. (unine.ch)
Variation8
- and, second, understanding the complexity and variation in genetic sequences across all living organ-isms. (rfpa.org)
- This includes the genetic variation among differ-ent species, but also the difference in DNA sequence within a single species, including humans. (rfpa.org)
- In this new volume, prominent academics discuss themes from Davenport's book human genetic variation, mental illness, nature vs. nurture, human evolution in a contemporary context. (cshlpress.com)
- These elegantly summarize the state of medical genetics today, touching on aspects such as the Human Genome Project, ex vivo technologies of genetic selection, intentional variation and quick detection by reverse genetics, and the emerging understanding of the vast complexity of RNA-driven gene regulation by non-coding regions that rarely expresses itself as a single gene phenotype. (cshlpress.com)
- The essays (especially those by Maynard Olson and Douglas Wallace, the editors introduction, and James Watson s personal reflections) provide a firm foundation for answering that question: We are the products of natural selection working on inevitable, unavoidable genetic variation. (cshlpress.com)
- the effect being that less genetic variation between twin types accounted for more of the overall phenotypic difference. (discovermagazine.com)
- Rather than appreciating the complexity and ubiquity of genetic variation, it has to be mapped onto 18th and 19th century colonial perspectives, and it really doesn't fit at all. (freethoughtblogs.com)
- Yes, different populations vary in some of the 0.1 percent of the genome that makes up much of human genetic diversity, but this variation does not represent biological races no matter how one manipulates/packages/represents it. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Notion2
- There is a common notion that precision necessarily implies biologic determinism, primarily in the use of genetic information. (cdc.gov)
- To present this position, we will begin by analysing the notion of genetic discrimination as it applies to the life insurance contract. (nature.com)
Gene1
- Many other papers on the subject are referenced at the Wiki page on the gene, in case the interested reader wants to go searching for a stray genetic determinist on his own. (helian.net)
Variants3
- No one can say which (if any) human genetic variants will survive the anthropocene epoch we have just entered. (cshlpress.com)
- A genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants associated with mathematics ability. (springer.com)
- We categorized significant genetic variants as acting either through the neuroticism general factor, through other factors measured by the questionnaire, or through paths independent of any factor. (bvsalud.org)
Crude2
- If not, then the counterpoint is a crude caricature of genetic determinism which is refutable in a blink of the eye. (discovermagazine.com)
- For example, it's not some kind of crude form of genetic determinism which says that the bad parts of society are irremediably bad. (booknotes.org)
Traits5
- Sir Francis Galton was the first to use twins to study the genetic contribution to traits. (scienceblog.com)
- In contrast, parents wanted genetic testing for behavioural traits to be available even in the absence of proved medical treatments. (bmj.com)
- This association could be driven by other economic factors, behavioral traits, or even genetic effects. (bvsalud.org)
- We find genetic influences on both traits, but also a large effect of the rearing family environment on saving disposition. (bvsalud.org)
- We estimate that 44% of the covariance between the two traits is due to genetic effects. (bvsalud.org)
Infectious Agent1
- Though genetic determinism is a major feature of scrapie, the infectious agent is nonetheless needed for the disease to develop ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Loci1
- And yet they themselves seem to have in mind a very narrow range of architectures when it comes to ideology being polygenic, as they cap the article with a laundry list of genetic loci. (discovermagazine.com)
Person's1
- Scientific research has shown that both a person's individual genetic makeup and their environment play significant roles in an individual's criminality. (legalmetro.com)
Biological1
- Genetic (biological) determinism has been defined as "the idea that most human characteristics, physical and mental, are determined at conception by hereditary factors passed from parent to offspring….largely [but not entirely] unaffected by environmental factors. (madinamerica.com)
Predisposition1
- In the early 1980s, advances in the fields of molecular genetic and genetic epidemiology led to the development of the first genetic tests for disease predisposition. (nature.com)
Polygenic4
- Plomin described the polygenic score method as a molecular genetic technique that finds statistically non-significant individual "SNP" hits ( single nucleotide polymorphisms ), and combines them to produce a polygenic (composite) score. (madinamerica.com)
- Turkheimer criticized Plomin's triumphalist theme that the polygenic score method provides vindication of the behavioral genetic research program. (madinamerica.com)
- Polygenic scores for educational attainment and related variables, such as IQ and "mathematical ability" are now readily available via direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies. (springer.com)
- Some researchers are even proposing the use of genetic tests in educational settings via "precision education," in which individualized student education plans would be tailored to polygenic scores. (springer.com)
Researchers1
- The foundation of genetic science can be most direct-ly traced to the work of a small collection of researchers in the latter half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, starting about the same time that Charles Darwin first proposed his theory of evolution. (rfpa.org)
Diseases2
- Alongside of this we are also aware that certain diseases, such as cancer or Alzheimer's disease, tend to run in families because there is a genetic component to these diseas-es. (rfpa.org)
- Sadly his contribution was almost certainly counter-productive and, as other authors in this text point out even if ethically acceptable, it is difficult to see how eugenics could be applied successfully given the genetic complexity underlying most common human diseases and characteristics. (cshlpress.com)
Differences2
- This worldview was not unique-it is worth noting that Mahathir Mohammad, Malaysia's prime minister from 1981-2003, cited genetic differences as one of the key justifications for bumiputera affirmative action in his seminal work The Malay dilemma. (yahoo.com)
- MR using genetic association estimates derived from within-sibship models (within-sibship MR) can avoid these potential biases because genetic differences between siblings are due to random segregation at meiosis. (bvsalud.org)
Behavioral1
- In the spring of 2019, psychologist/behavioral genetic researcher Eric Turkheimer published a review of Blueprint in a peer-reviewed academic journal. (madinamerica.com)
Assortative1
- However, estimates from these studies may have been susceptible to bias from population stratification, assortative mating and indirect genetic effects due to unadjusted parental genotypes. (bvsalud.org)
Makeup1
- Suppose that we could completely control the genetic makeup of our offspring. (scienceblog.com)
Species2
- Indeed genetic diversity is widely perceived as desirable if not essential for the future progress and survival of the species, so that any attempt to discriminate against a particular genotype could have adverse consequences in the future. (cshlpress.com)
- Cannabis sativa L. is one of the best studied species under the aspect of genetic determinism of the sex, but the problem is not yet entirely deciphered. (researchgate.net)
Twins2
- Twins can also help us figure out the genetic contribution for these features. (scienceblog.com)
- Studies on twins in fact make it perfectly clear that there can be no genetic basis for homosexuality. (billmuehlenberg.com)
Environment2
- Genetic mutations, as few as one in a million, exist in any population of organisms, and changes in the environment favor those creatures with the rare genetic advantage. (edutopia.org)
- This recognition led to the conclusion that possibly the most important social influence on a child's ideologies is the parent's choice of mate , which affects a whole repertoire of downstream effects, including genetic transmission, familial environment, and the range of person-specific environments that offspring experience. (discovermagazine.com)
Myth2
- One of the biggest lies coming out of their camp is the myth that homosexuality is genetic, that you are born that way, and that you can never change. (billmuehlenberg.com)
- 1 This dark vision of genetic discrimination might be more myth than reality. (nature.com)
Psychological1
- There were also some surprising results to come from the study, showing genetic contribution to unexpected psychological attributes. (scienceblog.com)
Public3
- The attitudes of healthcare professionals and the lay public about genetic testing of children were elicited for a range of conditions through interviews with healthcare professionals and focus groups with parents. (bmj.com)
- Public concern about genetic discrimination, particularly access to insurance following genetic testing, has been reported in the literature. (nature.com)
- Public interest in such testing grew, yet fear of the discriminatory use of test results by insurers led to alarmist predictions such as the creation of a new genetic underclass for whom insurance would be unaffordable. (nature.com)
Review1
- A historical review shows that genetic research into violence has been rife with misunderstanding. (bmj.com)
Tests2
- These genetic tests will not be diagnostic but will confirm or refute only an increased propensity or susceptibility for a particular condition. (bmj.com)
- 3 The price of genetic testing 4 and the fact that actually, very few genetic tests are deemed relevant for underwriting by actuaries 5 might also explain these findings. (nature.com)
Effects1
- METHODS: Applying both population and within-sibship MR, we estimated the effects of genetic liability to educational attainment on body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and all-cause mortality. (bvsalud.org)
Aspects2
- This paper aims to separate myths from realities regarding genetic discrimination in life insurance and to underline the positive aspects of allowing insurers access to relevant genetic information for underwriting purposes. (nature.com)
- Finally, we will discuss the positive aspects of allowing life insurers access to predictive genetic test results. (nature.com)
Participants1
- All participants were informed that behavioural genetic testing was the only hypothetical genetic test in our script and it was presented as the last condition. (bmj.com)
Common1
- Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a very common genetic alteration, which has very apparent clinical, dental and facial characteristics and a wide range of systemic manifestations. (bvsalud.org)
Idea1
- Thus, the hemp is included, according to some authors, in the category of plants with male heterogamy, whereas the others sustain the idea of a complex sex determinism, seen as resultant of interaction between individual hereditary potencies and the environmental factors. (researchgate.net)
Problem1
- Next to the question of God's existence there is arguably no greater conundrum in Western thought than the problem of free will and determinism, and the two are inextricably interdigitated. (michaelshermer.com)
Make2
- We can challenge genetic determinism by reaffirming both our inherent free will to make choices and our inherent dignity. (newoxfordreview.org)
- This is tied to the resilience of genetic determinism as an explanatory frame to make sense of social difference. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Models1
- Direct-to-consumer testing 2.0: Emerging models of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. (springer.com)
Test2
- 8 Indeed, the use of genetic test results for underwriting allows applicants to benefit from a negative result to lower a high premium based on a family history of disease. (nature.com)
- In the case of a positive test result, applicants might have to face a small increase or no increase at all in their premium, their genetic risk having already been accounted for by the family history questionnaire. (nature.com)
Component1
- We can, however, point to and describe the role of one key component in this moral revolution-the field of genetic science. (rfpa.org)
Time1
- In other words, while Grierson did commit the sin of using the naughty word "determined," he can't really be a "genetic determinist" unless he's also a "cultural determinist" at the same time. (helian.net)
Risk1
- Genetic information and life insurance: a 'real' risk? (nature.com)
Case1
- We aim to demonstrate that in the case of predictive genetic testing, it may actually be in the interest of the applicant to let the insurer determine what constitutes relevant information for life insurance underwriting. (nature.com)
Social1
- Genetic analysis of social-class mobility in five longitudinal studies. (springer.com)
Life2
- Taking this into consideration, it is easy to understand why recent literature has reported few cases of validated genetic discrimination in the life insurance industry. (nature.com)
- To understand 'actuarially rational' discrimination, 7 one has to realize that the use of genetic information for life insurance underwriting purposes is not new: insurers have been requesting information about an applicant's family history for decades. (nature.com)
Relevant1
- However, the benefits to be gained by allowing insurers access to relevant genetic data could justify fostering a more active role in the use of genetic information by insurance companies. (nature.com)
Educational1
- Genetic variant-outcome associations attenuated in the within-sibship model, but genetic variant-educational attainment associations also attenuated to a similar extent. (bvsalud.org)