Fungal vaccines. Medical search. Definitions

Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Candida albicans mannan extract-protein conjugates induce a protective immune response against experimental candidiasis. (1/156)

Candida albicans mannan extracts encapsulated in liposomes were previously used to stimulate mice to produce antibodies protective against candidiasis. In the present study, mannan-protein conjugates without liposomes were tested as vaccine candidates. Mannan extracts were coupled to bovine serum albumin, and isolated conjugates consisted of carbohydrate and protein at a ratio of 0.7-1.0. Vaccination of mice with the conjugate and an adjuvant yielded antiserum that contained Candida agglutinins. Vaccinated mice challenged with yeast cells had a mean survival time of 56 days, compared with <13 days for control groups. The antiserum protected naive animals against disseminated disease. Naive mice given the antiserum intravaginally developed 79% fewer fungal colony-forming units, compared with control groups. The serum-protective factor was stable at 56 degrees C and was removed by adsorption with yeast cells. It is concluded that the conjugate vaccine can induce protective antibody responses against experimental disseminated candidiasis and Candida vaginal infection. (+info)

Resistance to Coccidioides immitis in mice after immunization with recombinant protein or a DNA vaccine of a proline-rich antigen. (2/156)

Two inbred strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6) were vaccinated with either recombinant expression protein of a Coccidioides immitis spherule-derived proline-rich antigen (rPRA) in monophosphoryl lipid A-oil emulsion adjuvant or a DNA vaccine based on the same antigen. Four weeks after vaccination, mice were infected intraperitoneally with arthroconidia. By 2 weeks, groups of mice receiving saline or plasmids with no PRA insert exhibited significant weight loss, and quantitative CFUs in the lungs ranged from 5.9 to 6.4 log10. In contrast, groups of mice immunized with either rPRA or DNA vaccine had significantly smaller pulmonary fungal burdens, ranging from 3.0 to 4.5 log10 fewer CFUs. In vitro immunologic markers of lymphocyte proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) release after splenocytes were stimulated with rPRA correlated with protection. Also, plasma concentrations of rPRA-specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2a showed increases in vaccinated mice. These studies expand earlier work by demonstrating protection in mice which differ in H-2 background, by using an adjuvant that is potentially applicable to human use, and by achieving comparable protections with a DNA-based vaccine. Our in vitro results substantiate a Th1 response as evidenced by IFN-gamma release and increased IgG2a. However, IgG1 was also stimulated, suggesting some Th2 response as well. PRA is a promising vaccine candidate for prevention of coccidioidomycosis and warrants further investigation. (+info)

Molecular and idiotypic analyses of the antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan-protein conjugate vaccine in autoimmune and nonautoimmune mice. (3/156)

The antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) in BALB/c mice frequently expresses the 2H1 idiotype (Id) and is restricted in variable gene usage. This study examined the immunogenicity of GXM-protein conjugates, V (variable)-region usage, and 2H1 Id expression in seven mouse strains: BALB/c, C57BL/6, A/J, C3H, NZB, NZW, and (NZB x NZW)F(1) (NZB/W). All mouse strains responded to vaccination with GXM conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT), the relative magnitude of the antibody response being BALB/c approximately C3H > C57BL/6 approximately NZB approximately NZW approximately NZB/W > A/J. Analysis of serum antibody responses to GXM with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the 2H1 Id revealed significant inter- and intrastrain differences in idiotype expression. Thirteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (two immunoglobulin M [IgM], three IgG3, one IgG1, three IgG2a, two IgG2b, and two IgA) to GXM were generated from one NZB/W mouse and one C3H/He mouse. The MAbs from the NZB/W mouse were all 2H1 Id positive (Id(+)) and structurally similar to those previously generated in BALB/c mice, including the usage of a V(H) from the 7183 family and Vkappa5.1. Administration of both 2H1 Id(+) and Id(-) MAbs from NZB/W and C3H/H3 mice prolonged survival in a mouse model of cryptococcosis. Our results demonstrate (i) that V-region restriction as indicated by the 2H1 Id is a feature of both primary and secondary responses of several mouse strains; and (ii) that there is conservation of V-region usage and length of the third complementarity-determining region in antibodies from three mouse strains. The results suggest that V-region restriction is a result of antibody structural requirements necessary for binding an immunodominant antigen in GXM. (+info)

Coadministration of interleukin 12 expression vector with antigen 2 cDNA enhances induction of protective immunity against Coccidioides immitis. (4/156)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) plays an important role in the induction of protective immunity against cancer and infectious diseases. In this study we asked whether IL-12 cDNA could increase the protective capacity of the antigen 2 (Ag2) gene vaccine in experimental coccidioidomycosis. Coimmunization of BALB/c mice with a single-chain IL-12 cDNA (p40-L-p35) and Ag2 cDNA, both subcloned into the pVR1012 plasmid, significantly enhanced protection against systemic challenge with 2,500 arthroconidia, as evidenced by a greater-than-1.3-log-unit reduction in the fungal load in the lungs and spleens compared to mice receiving the pVR1012 vector alone, Ag2 cDNA alone, or IL-12 cDNA alone. The enhanced protection was associated with increased gamma interferon secretion; production of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), IgG2b, and IgG3 antibodies to Coccidioides immitis antigen; and the influx of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in lungs and spleens. When challenged by the pulmonary route, mice covaccinated with Ag2 cDNA and IL-12 cDNA were not protected at the lung level but did show a significant reduction in the fungal load in their livers and spleens compared to mice vaccinated with Ag2 cDNA or IL-12 cDNA alone. These results suggest that IL-12 acts as a therapeutic adjuvant to enhance Ag2 cDNA-induced protective immunity against experimental coccidioidomycosis through the induction of Th1-associated immune responses. (+info)

Dendritic cells in the induction of protective and nonprotective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune responses. (5/156)

Dendritic cells (DC) can be divided into three subsets, Langerhans cells, myeloid DC (MDC), and lymphoid DC (LDC), based upon phenotypic and functional differences. We hypothesized that different DC subsets are associated with the development of protective vs nonprotective cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses against the fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans. To test this, mice were immunized with protective and/or nonprotective immunogens, and DC subsets in draining lymph nodes were assessed by flow cytometry. The protective immunogen (cryptococcal culture filtrate Ag-CFA), in contrast to the nonprotective immunogen (heat-killed cryptococci-CFA), the nonprotective immunogen mixed with the protective immunogen (cryptococcal culture filtrate Ag + heat-killed cryptococci-CFA), or controls, stimulated significant increases in total leukocytes, Langerhans cells, MDC, LDC, and activated CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes. The protective immune response resulted in significantly increased levels of anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity and activated CD4+ T cells at the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction site. Draining lymph node LDC:MDC ratios induced by the protective immunogen were significantly lower than the ratios induced by either immunization in which the nonprotective immunogen was present. In contrast, mice given the nonprotective immunogen had LDC:MDC ratios similar to those of naive mice. Our data indicate that lymph node Langerhans cells and MDC are APC needed for induction of the protective response. The predominance of LDC in mice undergoing nonprotective responses suggests that lymph node LDC, like splenic LDC, are negative regulators of CMI responses. In addition to showing DC subsets associated with functional differences, our data suggest that the LDC:MDC balance, which can be modulated by the Ag, determines whether protective or nonprotective anticryptococcal CMI responses develop. (+info)

T cell vaccination in mice with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (6/156)

Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is responsible for multiple airway diseases of an allergic and a nonallergic nature. In a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, resistance is associated with a decreased lung inflammatory pathology and the occurrence of an IL-12-dependent Th1-type reactivity that are both impaired by IL-4. In the present study we assess the ability of Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags and the recombinant allergen Asp f 2 to induce protective antifungal responses in mice with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Similar to what occurred upon nasal exposure to viable A. fumigatus conidia, treatment of immunocompetent mice with Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags resulted in the development of local and peripheral protective Th1 memory responses, mediated by Ag-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 capable of conferring protection upon adoptive transfer to naive recipients. Protective Th1 responses could not be observed in mice deficient of IFN-gamma or IL-12 and did not occur in response to Asp f 2, which, on the contrary, elicited high level production of inhibitory IL-4. The results show that Ags of Aspergillus exist with the ability to induce both Th1- and Th2-type reactivity during infection, a finding that suggests a possible mechanism through which potentially protective immune responses are inhibited in mice with the infection. However, the occurrence of Th1-mediated resistance upon vaccination with Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags, suggests the existence of fungal Ags useful as a candidate vaccine against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (+info)

Regulation of cytokine expression in mice immunized with cryptococcal polysaccharide, a glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), associated with peritoneal antigen-presenting cells (APC): requirements for GXM, APC activation, and interleukin-12. (7/156)

Mice immunized with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC; used as antigen-presenting cells [APC]) that are pulsed ex vivo with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide, a glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), exhibit increased survival times and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions when they are infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. These responses are GXM specific. The present study revealed that GXM-APC immunization enhanced development of anticryptococcal type-1 cytokine responses (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon) in mice infected with C. neoformans. The enhancement was not GXM specific, because immunization with GXM-APC and immunization with APC alone had similar effects. GXM-APC (or APC) immunization caused small increases in the expression of type-2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), but the increases were not always statistically significant. IL-10 levels were not regulated by immunization with GXM-APC or APC. GXM-APC prepared with PEC harvested from mice injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) enhanced type-1 cytokine responses, while GXM-APC prepared with PEC induced with incomplete Freund's adjuvant were ineffective. The CFA-induced PEC had an activated phenotype characterized by increased numbers of F4/80(+) cells that expressed CD40, B7-1, and B7-2 on their membranes. The immunomodulatory activity of the CFA-induced APC population was not attributed to their production of IL-12 because GXM-APC prepared with peritoneal cells harvested from IL-12 knockout mice or their wild-type counterparts were equally effective in augmenting the type-1 response. Blocking of IL-12 in the recipients of GXM-APC early after APC infusion revealed that early induction of IL-12 secretion was not responsible for the immunomodulatory response elicited by GXM-APC. These data, considered together with previously reported data, reveal that the protective activity of GXM-APC immunization involves both antigen-specific and nonspecific activities of GXM-APC. (+info)

Protective antigens and mechanisms of anti-Candida immunity. (8/156)

Life threatening fungal diseases are now frequent in a substantial fraction of the immunocompromised host population. The toxicity and the relative scarcity of efficacious antifungal drugs highlight the need for developing alternative or integrative immunoprophylactic and therapeutic tools; among them the need to develop prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against candidiasis, a widespread mucosal or deep-seated infection caused primarily by the fungus Candida albicans, are of clear priority. Vaccination is a highly beneficial medical practice, and probably the most cost-effective measure against disease onset and progression. It is based on the use of microbial antigens capable of conferring protection in a susceptible target host. To date, only a handful of Candida albicans antigens have been produced and very few of them have been thoroughly investigated for immunogenicity and protection in experimental models of candidiasis. Thus, approaches to the molecular, biochemical and functional characterization of novel C. albicans encoded molecules are most welcome to improve the perspective of developing in the near future an effective vaccine against C. albicans. Identification of anti-Candida vaccine candidates must take into account the diversity of Candida diseases, the various underlying mechanisms of protection as well as the major immune dysfunctions observed as predisposing factors for disease. Antigens to be considered possible vaccine candidates include members of the aspartyl proteinase (Sap2) family and the 65kDa mannoprotein (MP65) antigen. An additional molecule of C. albicans which has not yet been identified but deserves great consideration as a vaccine candidate is the yeast-killer toxin receptor (KTR). Initial experimental evidence strongly suggests that the above antigens are able to elicit protective immunity against mucosal and/or systemic candidiasis. A series of molecular, biochemical and immunological studies aimed at validating and strengthening this initial evidence are in progress, with the ultimate goal of producing recombinant or natural antigens that can be assessed for their ability to elicit a protective immunity in animal models and the mechanisms whereby protection is achieved, with emphasis on determination of immune correlates of protection. (+info)

A fungal vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity against fungal infections. It contains one or more fungal antigens, which are substances that can stimulate an immune response, along with adjuvants to enhance the immune response. The goal of fungal vaccines is to protect against invasive fungal diseases, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplantation, or HIV/AIDS treatment.

Fungal vaccines can work by inducing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies that recognize and neutralize fungal antigens, while cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T cells to directly attack infected cells.

Currently, there are no licensed fungal vaccines available for human use, although several candidates are in various stages of development and clinical trials. Some examples include vaccines against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pneumocystis jirovecii.

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it encounters in the future.

Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight disease that is already present). The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccinations are generally administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.

The term "vaccine" comes from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of cowpox to create immunity to smallpox. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who showed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. He reasoned that exposure to cowpox protected against smallpox and tested his theory by injecting a boy with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposing him to smallpox, which the boy did not contract. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 during a conversation with a fellow physician and later in the title of his 1801 Inquiry.

Inactivated vaccines, also known as killed or non-live vaccines, are created by using a version of the virus or bacteria that has been grown in a laboratory and then killed or inactivated with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This process renders the organism unable to cause disease, but still capable of stimulating an immune response when introduced into the body.

Inactivated vaccines are generally considered safer than live attenuated vaccines since they cannot revert back to a virulent form and cause illness. However, they may require multiple doses or booster shots to maintain immunity because the immune response generated by inactivated vaccines is not as robust as that produced by live vaccines. Examples of inactivated vaccines include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and influenza (inactivated flu vaccine).

A viral vaccine is a biological preparation that introduces your body to a specific virus in a way that helps your immune system build up protection against the virus without causing the illness. Viral vaccines can be made from weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or parts of the virus such as proteins or sugars. Once introduced to the body, the immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and produces an immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and provide immunity against future infection with that specific virus.

Viral vaccines are important tools for preventing infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, rotavirus, chickenpox, shingles, and some types of cancer. Vaccination programs have led to the control or elimination of many infectious diseases that were once common.

It's important to note that viral vaccines are not effective against bacterial infections, and separate vaccines must be developed for each type of virus. Additionally, because viruses can mutate over time, it is necessary to update some viral vaccines periodically to ensure continued protection.

Combined vaccines are defined in medical terms as vaccines that contain two or more antigens from different diseases, which are given to provide protection against multiple diseases at the same time. This approach reduces the number of injections required and simplifies the immunization schedule, especially during early childhood. Examples of combined vaccines include:

1. DTaP-Hib-IPV (e.g., Pentacel): A vaccine that combines diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and poliovirus components in one injection to protect against these five diseases.
2. MMRV (e.g., ProQuad): A vaccine that combines measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) antigens in a single injection to provide immunity against all four diseases.
3. HepA-HepB (e.g., Twinrix): A vaccine that combines hepatitis A and hepatitis B antigens in one injection, providing protection against both types of hepatitis.
4. MenACWY-TT (e.g., MenQuadfi): A vaccine that combines four serogroups of meningococcal bacteria (A, C, W, Y) with tetanus toxoid as a carrier protein in one injection for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by these serogroups.
5. PCV13-PPSV23 (e.g., Vaxneuvance): A vaccine that combines 13 pneumococcal serotypes with PPSV23, providing protection against a broader range of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 18 years and older.

Combined vaccines have been thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy to ensure they provide a strong immune response and an acceptable safety profile. They are essential tools in preventing various infectious diseases and improving overall public health.

I could not find a specific medical definition for "Vaccines, DNA." However, I can provide you with some information about DNA vaccines.

DNA vaccines are a type of vaccine that uses genetically engineered DNA to stimulate an immune response in the body. They work by introducing a small piece of DNA into the body that contains the genetic code for a specific antigen (a substance that triggers an immune response). The cells of the body then use this DNA to produce the antigen, which prompts the immune system to recognize and attack it.

DNA vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. They are relatively easy to produce, can be stored at room temperature, and can be designed to protect against a wide range of diseases. Additionally, because they use DNA to stimulate an immune response, DNA vaccines do not require the growth and culture of viruses or bacteria, which can make them safer than traditional vaccines.

DNA vaccines are still in the experimental stages, and more research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness. However, they have shown promise in animal studies and are being investigated as a potential tool for preventing a variety of infectious diseases, including influenza, HIV, and cancer.

Synthetic vaccines are artificially produced, designed to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against specific diseases. Unlike traditional vaccines that are derived from weakened or killed pathogens, synthetic vaccines are created using synthetic components, such as synthesized viral proteins, DNA, or RNA. These components mimic the disease-causing agent and trigger an immune response without causing the actual disease. The use of synthetic vaccines offers advantages in terms of safety, consistency, and scalability in production, making them valuable tools for preventing infectious diseases.

Bacterial vaccines are types of vaccines that are created using bacteria or parts of bacteria as the immunogen, which is the substance that triggers an immune response in the body. The purpose of a bacterial vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to develop protection against specific bacterial infections.

There are several types of bacterial vaccines, including:

1. Inactivated or killed whole-cell vaccines: These vaccines contain entire bacteria that have been killed or inactivated through various methods, such as heat or chemicals. The bacteria can no longer cause disease, but they still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response.
2. Subunit, protein, or polysaccharide vaccines: These vaccines use specific components of the bacterium, such as proteins or polysaccharides, that are known to trigger an immune response. By using only these components, the vaccine can avoid using the entire bacterium, which may reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
3. Live attenuated vaccines: These vaccines contain live bacteria that have been weakened or attenuated so that they cannot cause disease but still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response. This type of vaccine can provide long-lasting immunity, but it may not be suitable for people with weakened immune systems.

Bacterial vaccines are essential tools in preventing and controlling bacterial infections, reducing the burden of diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. They work by exposing the immune system to a harmless form of the bacteria or its components, which triggers the production of antibodies and memory cells that can recognize and fight off future infections with that same bacterium.

It's important to note that while vaccines are generally safe and effective, they may cause mild side effects such as pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, fever, or fatigue. Serious side effects are rare but can occur, so it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccine.

We work with partners to understand who gets fungal infections and why they get them by using epidemiology and microbiology research. (cdc.gov)
Strategies for combating microbial infections - antibiotics, antiviral agents and vaccines - will be discussed in detail. (sfu.ca)
Multiple pathogens can cause healthcare-associated fungal meningitis, and infections may involve multiple pathogens at once. (cdc.gov)
Scientists from the University of California, Riverside have identified one of the key enzymes that trigger programmed cell death, an important process plants undergo in fighting off bacterial, fungal or viral infections. (sciencedaily.com)
Your immune system reacts the same way for fungal and bacterial infections as well. (shroomery.org)
They just don't use the vaccine concept for fungal and bacterial infections because we have a rash of pills that people can pop for them. (shroomery.org)
This volume includes discussions about options for diagnosing and treating fungal infections, as well as challenges presented by emerging drug-resistant strains. (cshlpress.com)
Fungal infections have historically been under- recognized, and difficult to detect, and have poor treatment options. (cdc.gov)
and immunomodulatory agents for treating underlying diseases from cancer to rheumatoid arthritishas contributed to the increase in fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts. (cdc.gov)
Risk factors such as changes in land use, seasonal migration, international travel, extreme weather, and natural disasters, and the use of azole antifungal agents in large-scale agriculture are believed to underlay many of the increases in community-acquired fungal infections. (cdc.gov)
Because fungal infections are frequently underrecognized and difficult to detect, one of the largest gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of fungal infections is determining the incidence of disease. (cdc.gov)
Because most invasive fungal infections have high mortality rates, reducing the incidence of these diseases often relies on rapid and specific diagnostics, effective antifungal drugs, novel immunotherapeutic strategies, and adherence to infection control and sterility practices. (cdc.gov)
Fungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with compromised immune systems due to cancer, transplantation, AIDS, burns or other underlying conditions. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
According to Perlin, lead investigator and executive director of PHRI, "The emergence of drug resistant fungal infections, like antibiotic resistance in bacteria, is a serious clinical concern for severely ill patients. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Combatting fungal infections remains a major unmet medical need and the emerging issues of drug resistance impose even steeper barriers to overcome these infections among the critically ill," Perlin said. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Prophylactic treatment against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, herpes and fungal infections, if a high-dose drug regimen has been given. (lls.org)
Virology is part of the broader infectious disease category, which also includes bacterial and fungal infections. (ubs.com)
The vaccine can also decrease the severity of ringworm infections in kittens, but unfortunately not the frequency. (aquaticcommunity.com)
They can also be used to treat bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. (harvard.edu)
Viral, fungal and parasitic infections as well as bacterial infections may be problematic. (lu.se)

Advance the use of genomics and metagenomics for detecting fungal pathogens and antifungal drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
Natasha Raikhel, Director of the UCR Center for Plant Cell Biology, and her former postdoctoral researcher, Enrique Rojo, have now shown that this key plant protein contributes to defense against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in plants by activating programmed cell death pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology and diseases of fungal pathogens. (cshlpress.com)
The ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of human fungal pathogens are also explored. (cshlpress.com)
It is therefore an essential reference for all fungal biologists and medical professionals who wish to understand and manage these difficult pathogens. (cshlpress.com)
Monocytes and their derivatives, including macrophages and dendritic cells, play diverse roles in the response to fungal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
yet, there are no licensed vaccines to any fungal pathogens. (bvsalud.org)

however, CSF values were notable for significantly elevated white blood cell counts and, in one patient, elevated levels of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan, a biomarker for fungal infection. (cdc.gov)
Medical Research and Design on a new antibiotic (drug) and vaccine for a Wilhelmine or fungal infection. (essayhotline.com)
You are a microbiologist assigned a research project to design both a new antibiotic (drug) and vaccine for a Wilhelmine or fungal infection. (essayhotline.com)
Programmed cell death (PCD), which occurs naturally in all multi-cellular organisms, is the regulated elimination of cells that happens during the course of development, as well as in response to bacterial, fungal and viral infection. (sciencedaily.com)
In most cases, fungal meningitis is an opportunistic infection - that is, it develops when the child's immune system gets weakened from another infection or treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
document the incidence and cost of hospitalizations in California caused by Valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States and parts of Latin America. (cdc.gov)
Aspergillosis is the medical term for a fungal infection that most commonly affects a dog's nasal cavity and respiratory system. (pethealthnetwork.com)
While all dogs can get this fungal infection, those that are middle-aged, have a concurrent disease, or are on certain drugs, such as steroids, are at greater risk. (pethealthnetwork.com)
IgD+ age-associated B cells are the progenitors of the main T-independent B cell response to infection that generates protective Ab and can be induced by an inactivated vaccine in the aged. (umassmed.edu)
JEREMY COLEMAN: We're working with a group in British Columbia and in Washington state to deploy probiotics, which are microbes that can be put on bats that have antifungal properties that can help them to repel the fungal infection. (keranews.org)

CDC's lead group for preventing illness and death from fungal diseases in the United States and throughout the world. (cdc.gov)
The goal of CDC's Mycotic Diseases Branch (MDB) is to prevent illness and death from fungal diseases . (cdc.gov)
We are one of few public health groups in the world devoted to the prevention and control of fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
We also investigate outbreaks and develop interventions to prevent fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
Generate new information about fungal diseases and disease-causing fungi. (cdc.gov)
Provide training and education about fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
Calculate the number of people who get sick from fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
Track trends and patterns in how fungal diseases affect people. (cdc.gov)
Promote education and awareness about fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
Develop and evaluate ways to prevent fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
Help prepare healthcare facilities and laboratories in other countries to better detect and treat fungal diseases. (cdc.gov)
Track the emergence and spread of fungal diseases by conducting molecular surveillance and genomic epidemiology. (cdc.gov)
Many people at risk for and suffering from fungal diseases live in limited-resource settings. (cdc.gov)
These areas of the world often lack the laboratory infrastructure needed to diagnose fungal diseases, and limited availability of antifungal medications means that some patients may not have access to lifesaving treatments. (cdc.gov)
Sign up for the Fungal Diseases Newsletter for updates from CDC's Mycotic Diseases Branch. (cdc.gov)
If our observations reflect the impact of herd protection, the benefits of the pneumococcal vaccine in the unvaccinated population certainly exceeds our expectations," Dr Jokinen told Medscape Medical News here at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. (medscape.com)
However, because "there are more than 90 pneumococcal strains and current vaccines protect against only a minority, it is very important to continue monitoring trends in pneumococcal diseases," Dr Griffin said. (medscape.com)
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement is to support research activities that will contribute to the overall understanding of coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley Fever, and other select endemic fungal diseases including histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. (nih.gov)
Also include a brief summary of how vaccines work and why they are effective against diseases. (essayhotline.com)
Fungal diseases also appear to be emerging beyond their traditionally described borders for reasons that are not entirely understood. (cdc.gov)
In this new initiative, the Perlin lab will partner with Shawn Lockhart, PhD, director of the Fungal Reference Laboratory and team lead of the Antifungal Laboratory, Mycotic Diseases Branch at the CDC, and others to investigate genetic factors in strains of Candida glabrata contributing to global antifungal resistance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Pharma and biotech companies supply treatments and vaccines for a number of infectious diseases. (ubs.com)
Vaccines are really important in stopping infectious diseases from spreading, and they help our community stay healthy and strong. (lacounty.gov)
Make sure your kids' vaccines are up to date to protect them from diseases like measles, mumps, rubella and whooping cough. (lacounty.gov)
Family physicians should gather accurate information about the harms and benefits of vaccines to advocate for vaccination and decrease the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. (aafp.org)
Continuing support for research on endemic fungal diseases. (govinfo.gov)
Priority review vouchers for products for prevention or treatment of endemic fungal diseases. (govinfo.gov)
The Director of the Institute shall ensure that each triennial report under section 403 includes information on actions undertaken by the National Institutes of Health to carry out subsection (a) with respect to endemic fungal diseases, including Valley Fever. (govinfo.gov)

Ramirez A, Co M, Mathew A. CpG Improves Influenza Vaccine Efficacy in Young Adult but Not Aged Mice. (umassmed.edu)
Thimerosal is currently used only in multidose vials of influenza vaccine, and exposure through vaccines is not associated with adverse neurologic outcomes. (aafp.org)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing this Health Alert Network Health Advisory about an outbreak of suspected fungal meningitis among U.S. patients hospitalized in Texas after undergoing cosmetic procedures under epidural anesthesia in the city of Matamoros, state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. (cdc.gov)
Two additional female patients hospitalized in Texas developed suspected fungal meningitis 1-8 weeks after undergoing cosmetic procedures under epidural anesthesia at Clinica K-3 in Matamoros, Mexico. (cdc.gov)
Because some patients with fungal meningitis may initially present with mild or non-specific symptoms, healthcare providers should have a low threshold for performing brain imaging and LP. (cdc.gov)
Some patients with fungal meningitis may initially present with mild or non-specific symptoms. (snohd.org)
Dual agent antifungal therapy can be considered and has been used in previous fungal meningitis outbreaks. (snohd.org)
Although vaccines are available to prevent certain types bacterial and viral meningitis, no vaccine is available to prevent fungal meningitis. (snohd.org)
As scientists advance in their understanding of meningitis, they have developed several vaccines that offer protection against the disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In areas where vaccines are not available, the mumps virus is responsible for 10-20% of viral meningitis cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Studies show a higher rate of fungal meningitis in children with a hematological disease such as leukemia or children who have undergone a hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplant . (medicalnewstoday.com)
The use of catheters , ventilators , and other invasive devices also increases the risk of fungal meningitis in children. (medicalnewstoday.com)

A team of researchers led by David S. Perlin, PhD, at the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), a unit of the New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers University, has been awarded a $300,000 contract by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to investigate genetic mechanisms and factors fueling emergence of antifungal drug resistance in the clinic by the common fungal pathogen Candida glabrata. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

LEIPZIG, Germany - The introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV10, decreases the rates of clinical pneumonia even in unvaccinated children, according to new research. (medscape.com)
Pneumococcal vaccine is given to children and adults . (medlineplus.gov)
Examples include the meningococcal, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), and pneumococcal vaccines. (medicalnewstoday.com)

At the heart of the debate stand a few courageous physicians whose independent, multi-disciplinary approach to investigating the possible biological mechanisms of vaccine-induced autism is serving as a counterweight to the steadfast denials by infectious disease specialists and government health officials defending current mass vaccination policies. (nvic.org)
Now parents of old and young vaccine injured children in the U.S. and Europe are joining with enlightened doctors in a rejection of the unscientific a priori assumption that a child's mental, physical and emotional regression after vaccination is only coincidentally but not causally related to the vaccines recently given. (nvic.org)
Even as the race to add new vaccines to the routine child vaccination schedule rushes forward, parents, whose children became autistic after receiving existing vaccines, are changing the direction of autism research and the vaccine safety debate. (nvic.org)
Everyone 6 months and older is recommended to receive 1 dose of the updated COVID-19 vaccine regardless of when you got your last vaccination. (lacounty.gov)
There is currently no available ringworm vaccination for dogs, but a ringworm vaccine consisting of a killed fungal cell has been approved for use on cats. (aquaticcommunity.com)
Although immunization with the human papillomavirus vaccine is recommended for all boys and girls, vaccination rates remain low. (aafp.org)
2 , 5 Administration of acetaminophen at the time of vaccination or shortly afterward may alleviate some adverse effects, but there may be a decreased antibody response to some vaccine antigens in children who receive antipyretics. (aafp.org)

The problem is particularly acute for the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata, a type of yeast that rapidly develops resistance during therapy. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

To support endemic fungal disease research, incentivize fungal vaccine development, discover new antifungal therapies and diagnostics, and for other purposes. (govinfo.gov)
Endemic fungal disease working group. (govinfo.gov)

This review will highlight the roles of monocytes in the immune response to some of the major fungi that cause invasive human disease, including Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Candida, Histoplasma, Blastomyces , and Coccidioides , and discuss potential strategies to manipulate monocyte responses in order to enhance anti-fungal immunity in susceptible hosts. (frontiersin.org)

lt;p>The efficacy of the conjugate vaccine was thus 82%, and it had a good safety profile. (umn.edu)

Vaccines protect us from getting serious illnesses and feeling really sick. (lacounty.gov)

Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys. (umassmed.edu)
In addition, they could serve as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of existing vaccines. (harvard.edu)

This vaccine is updated from time to time to protect against the latest strains of the virus. (lacounty.gov)

But as the world learned in 2021, anti-virals and vaccines put pressure on viruses to evolve, so new treatments will always be needed. (ubs.com)
Since May 2021, the Secretariat has produced a range of training programmes, such as the Virtual cGMP Training Marathon, to build capacity to improve compliance with regulatory standards for vaccines, medicines and in-vitro diagnostics. (who.int)
The National Polio Immunization Campaign was conducted on 10-14 October 2021, targeting 2.8 million children aged under 5 years with 2 drops of bOPV (oral Polio Vaccine). (who.int)

This, while the U.S. government, the pharmaceutical industry and international corporate interests announced on March 2, 2000 the creation of a new multi-billion dollar alliance called the Millennium Vaccine Initiative (MVI) to vaccinate all of the world's children with existing and new vaccines, including those being targeted for accelerated development for AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. (nvic.org)
Parents who refuse a recommended vaccine should sign a refusal to vaccinate form. (aafp.org)

These multi-disciplinary research teams will collaborate to investigate potential diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for this fungal disease. (nih.gov)

Cite this: Pneumonia Vaccine Benefits Extend to Unvaccinated Children - Medscape - May 20, 2015. (medscape.com)

CDC is working with partners to improve access to fungal diagnostics and antifungal medications around the globe. (cdc.gov)
The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the United States National Institutes of Health have shared their technologies with the WHO COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) for the development of COVID-19 diagnostics and vaccines. (who.int)
The CSIC technology has been sublicensed to promote access in low- and middle-income countries.2 Further negotiations between C-TAP and public and private partners are currently taking place to include diagnostics and vaccines. (who.int)
FDA guidance for industry on development of diagnostics and antifungal drugs and vaccines for Valley Fever. (govinfo.gov)

The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine is not associated with autism. (aafp.org)
The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine does not increase the risk of autism and should be routinely used. (aafp.org)

In February 2022, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Republic of Korea was selected as a global biomanufacturing training hub to provide didactic, hands-on training in the manufacture of high-quality vaccines and biologics. (who.int)

Poor countries struggled to get covid vaccines. (dndi.org)
7-Year-Old Girl Oozes Blood from Eye After Receiving Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine in Thailand. (healthimpactnews.com)
A case study was published earlier this month in the Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie reporting an anterior uveitis case that developed after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in a 54-year-old female. (healthimpactnews.com)
According to the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI , there have been recent reports of hemorrhage, blood clots, and thrombocytopenia following the administration of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines that have raised concerns over the safety of genetic vaccines for people with pre-existing coagulation disorders or those on certain medications. (healthimpactnews.com)
With the dangerous COVID-19 mRNA shots now being extended to babies and toddlers, I decided to search the Government VAERS ( Vaccine Adverse Reporting System ) database for cases filed for various eye disorders. (healthimpactnews.com)
That's an average of 992 cases of eye disorders reported each month following COVID-19 vaccine injections, and this is most certainly NOT an exhaustive list of eye disorders. (healthimpactnews.com)
But it does give us a sub-set of data to compare to all other FDA-approved vaccines for the previous 30 years (360 months) prior to the roll out of the COVID-19 vaccines. (healthimpactnews.com)
So that is a 2,902% increase in eye disorders following the very dangerous COVID-19 vaccines, which the health "authorities" now want parents to inject into their babies. (healthimpactnews.com)
Oral COVID-19 Vaccines Coming? (medicaldaily.com)
Health authorities hope the updated vaccines will provide better protection against serious consequences of COVID-19, including hospitalization and death. (medicaldaily.com)
A research and development network involving the hub and recipient manufacturers was established to promote collaborative research on mRNA vaccines for illnesses other than coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (who.int)
In many ways, the COVID-19 vaccine allowed life to return to a modified normal. (mercyhurst.edu)

Respond quickly to fungal disease outbreaks and other emerging issues. (cdc.gov)
Detecting fungal outbreaks early is important so that the people affected can get the right treatment and so that health officials can prevent others from getting sick. (cdc.gov)

Monocytes can also present fungal antigens to elicit adaptive immune responses. (frontiersin.org)

The most common adverse effects of the human papillomavirus vaccine are transient and similar to those of other vaccines, including mild pain and bruising at the injection site, headache, lightheadedness, and syncope. (aafp.org)

A 54-year-old female patient, who did not have any disease other than diabetes mellitus, had complaints of redness, blurred vision, eye and headache that started in both eyes 3 days after the first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine. (healthimpactnews.com)
We have previously reported on a case of a 7-year-old girl in Thailand who began oozing blood from her eyes and skin after receiving the Pfizer mRNA vaccine. (healthimpactnews.com)

KAYLA DESROCHES, BYLINE: White-nose syndrome, a fungal disease that biologists first found in bat populations in New York in 2006, has been marching west at a rate of roughly 200 miles a year. (keranews.org)

The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program track adverse events and allow compensation for documented harms from vaccinations. (aafp.org)

Optional vaccines for use in dogs with high risk for developing the disease include Bordetella bronchiseptica, Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira spp. (vin.com)
Some vaccines do have weakened or "live" viruses, but they're too weak to cause the actual disease. (lacounty.gov)

Researchers in Arizona have developed a vaccine that protects dogs from the desert Southwest's fungal illness known as Valley Fever. (wbur.org)

This report was the first major review of evidence that vaccines can cause acute and chronic brain inflammation leading to neurological dysfunction associated with regressive autism. (nvic.org)
This enhanced public awareness has been fueled by persistent reports by parents in the U.S., Canada and Europe that their children were healthy, bright and happy until they received one or more vaccines and then descended into the isolated, painful world of autism marked by chronic immune and neurological dysfunction, including repetitive and uncontrollable behavior. (nvic.org)
As scientific evidence reveals that a portion of autism lies on the vaccine injury spectrum, parents determined to find help for their children are turning to doctors exploring diet and immune modulating therapies. (nvic.org)
There is no scientific proof that vaccines cause autism. (lacounty.gov)
Since then, many extensive research studies involving millions of children worldwide have found no link between vaccines and autism. (lacounty.gov)

Healthcare providers can consider ordering bacterial and fungal cultures of CSF fluid, as well as serum and CSF levels of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan. (cdc.gov)
2 Healthcare providers can consider ordering other diagnostic tests including serum and CSF Aspergillus galactomannan and fungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. (cdc.gov)

Haemophilus vaccine ( HiB vaccine ) given to children helps. (medlineplus.gov)

Vaccinations increased in Erie and nationally after the FDA fully approved the Pfizer vaccine in late August and as Delta variant cases rose. (mercyhurst.edu)

Canine core vaccines include canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and rabies virus. (vin.com)

The rotavirus vaccine minimally increases the rate of intussusception, whereas other vaccines minimally increase the risk of syncope. (aafp.org)

The refusal two decades ago by vaccine manufacturers, government health agencies and medical organizations to seriously investigate reports of vaccine-associated brain injury and immune system dysfunction, including autistic behaviors, is reaping tragic consequences today. (nvic.org)
Vaccines actually train your immune system to be stronger. (lacounty.gov)

This vaccine is capable of hastening the clinical resolution for Microsporum canis in cats. (aquaticcommunity.com)

When it is used, mercury helps prevent bacteria and fungal growth in multi-dose vaccines. (lacounty.gov)

Most vaccines don't have any mercury and thimerosal, a form of mercury, was removed from all childhood vaccines in 2001. (lacounty.gov)

For the best protection, it's essential to stay up to date on vaccines by getting all the recommended doses. (lacounty.gov)
To date, 828 824 vaccine doses have been administered, 49% of which were delivered through COVAX and 51% through bilateral agreements. (who.int)

vaccines only work for viruses dumbass. (shroomery.org)

With the success of vaccinations, many parents no longer have contact with children who have vaccine-preventable illnesses. (aafp.org)

Chemicals and Drugs8

Candida albicans mannan extract-protein conjugates induce a protective immune response against experimental candidiasis. (1/156)

Resistance to Coccidioides immitis in mice after immunization with recombinant protein or a DNA vaccine of a proline-rich antigen. (2/156)

Molecular and idiotypic analyses of the antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan-protein conjugate vaccine in autoimmune and nonautoimmune mice. (3/156)

Coadministration of interleukin 12 expression vector with antigen 2 cDNA enhances induction of protective immunity against Coccidioides immitis. (4/156)

Dendritic cells in the induction of protective and nonprotective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune responses. (5/156)

T cell vaccination in mice with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (6/156)

Regulation of cytokine expression in mice immunized with cryptococcal polysaccharide, a glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), associated with peritoneal antigen-presenting cells (APC): requirements for GXM, APC activation, and interleukin-12. (7/156)

Protective antigens and mechanisms of anti-Candida immunity. (8/156)

No images available that match "fungal vaccines"

Fungal Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines, Inactivated

Viral Vaccines

Vaccines, Combined

Vaccines, DNA

Vaccines, Synthetic

Bacterial Vaccines

Candida albicans mannan extract-protein conjugates induce a protective immune response against experimental candidiasis. (1/156)

Resistance to Coccidioides immitis in mice after immunization with recombinant protein or a DNA vaccine of a proline-rich antigen. (2/156)

Molecular and idiotypic analyses of the antibody response to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan-protein conjugate vaccine in autoimmune and nonautoimmune mice. (3/156)

Coadministration of interleukin 12 expression vector with antigen 2 cDNA enhances induction of protective immunity against Coccidioides immitis. (4/156)

Dendritic cells in the induction of protective and nonprotective anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune responses. (5/156)

T cell vaccination in mice with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. (6/156)

Regulation of cytokine expression in mice immunized with cryptococcal polysaccharide, a glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), associated with peritoneal antigen-presenting cells (APC): requirements for GXM, APC activation, and interleukin-12. (7/156)

Protective antigens and mechanisms of anti-Candida immunity. (8/156)

Infections20

Pathogens7

Infection10

Diseases28

Influenza2

Meningitis10

Antifungal drug resistance1

Pneumococcal3

Vaccination7

Pathogen1

Endemic fungal2

Immunity1

Conjugate vaccine1

Getting serious i1

Efficacy2

Strains1

20213

Vaccinate2

Therapeutics1

Pneumonia1

Diagnostics4

Mumps2

20221

Covid12

Outbreaks2

Antigens1

Human papillomavirus1

MRNA2

Biologists1

Adverse events1

Disease2

Valley Fever1

Autism5

Healthcare2

Haemophilus1

Pfizer1

Rabies1

Increases1

Immune system2

Clinical1

Prevent1

Childhood1

Doses2

Viruses1

Vaccinations1

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