Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).
Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.
Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.
The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.
A combustible, gaseous mixture of low-molecular weight PARAFFIN hydrocarbons, generated below the surface of the earth. It contains mostly METHANE and ETHANE with small amounts of PROPANE; BUTANES; and higher hydrocarbons, and sometimes NITROGEN; CARBON DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; and HELIUM. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.
The extraction and recovery of usable or valuable material from scrap or other discarded materials. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.)
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
The industry concerned with the removal of raw materials from the Earth's crust and with their conversion into refined products.
A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.
Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter.
A yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees, found in the alluvial deposits of northeastern Germany. It is used in molecular biology in the analysis of organic matter fossilized in amber.
Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).
Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.
The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.
The ceasing of existence of a species or taxonomic groups of organisms.
A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
The application of mathematical formulas and statistical techniques to the testing and quantifying of economic theories and the solution of economic problems.
Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy.
The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.
The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.
Relating to the size of solids.
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Cold-blooded, air-breathing VERTEBRATES belonging to the class Reptilia, usually covered with external scales or bony plates.
A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.
A plant division of GYMNOSPERMS consisting of cone-bearing trees and shrubs.

Biomarkers for exposure to ambient air pollution--comparison of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels with other exposure markers and markers for oxidative stress. (1/171)

Human exposure to genotoxic compounds present in ambient air has been studied using selected biomarkers in nonsmoking Danish bus drivers and postal workers. A large interindividual variation in biomarker levels was observed. Significantly higher levels of bulky carcinogen-DNA adducts (75.42 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) and of 2-amino-apidic semialdehyde (AAS) in plasma proteins (56.7 pmol/mg protein) were observed in bus drivers working in the central part of Copenhagen, Denmark. In contrast, significantly higher levels of AAS in hemoglobin (55.8 pmol/mg protein), malondialdehyde in plasma (0. 96 nmol/ml plasma), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-albumin adduct (3.38 fmol/ microg albumin) were observed in the suburban group. The biomarker levels in postal workers were similar to the levels in suburban bus drivers. In the combined group of bus drivers and postal workers, negative correlations were observed between bulky carcinogen-DNA adduct and PAH-albumin levels (p = 0.005), and between DNA adduct and [gamma]-glutamyl semialdehyde (GGS) in hemoglobin (p = 0.11). Highly significant correlations were found between PAH-albumin adducts and AAS in plasma (p = 0.001) and GGS in hemoglobin (p = 0.001). Significant correlations were also observed between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and AAS in plasma (p = 0.001) and PAH-albumin adducts (p = 0.002). The influence of the glutatione S-transferase (GST) M1 deletion on the correlation between the biomarkers was studied in the combined group. A significant negative correlation was only observed between bulky carcinogen-DNA adducts and PAH-albumin adducts (p = 0.02) and between DNA adduct and urinary mutagenic activity (p = 0.02) in the GSTM1 null group, but not in the workers who were homozygotes or heterozygotes for GSTM1. Our results indicate that some of the selected biomarkers can be used to distinguish between high and low exposure to environmental genotoxins.  (+info)

Nitrogen management and the future of food: lessons from the management of energy and carbon. (2/171)

The food system dominates anthropogenic disruption of the nitrogen cycle by generating excess fixed nitrogen. Excess fixed nitrogen, in various guises, augments the greenhouse effect, diminishes stratospheric ozone, promotes smog, contaminates drinking water, acidifies rain, eutrophies bays and estuaries, and stresses ecosystems. Yet, to date, regulatory efforts to limit these disruptions largely ignore the food system. There are many parallels between food and energy. Food is to nitrogen as energy is to carbon. Nitrogen fertilizer is analogous to fossil fuel. Organic agriculture and agricultural biotechnology play roles analogous to renewable energy and nuclear power in political discourse. Nutrition research resembles energy end-use analysis. Meat is the electricity of food. As the agriculture and food system evolves to contain its impacts on the nitrogen cycle, several lessons can be extracted from energy and carbon: (i) set the goal of ecosystem stabilization; (ii) search the entire production and consumption system (grain, livestock, food distribution, and diet) for opportunities to improve efficiency; (iii) implement cap-and-trade systems for fixed nitrogen; (iv) expand research at the intersection of agriculture and ecology, and (v) focus on the food choices of the prosperous. There are important nitrogen-carbon links. The global increase in fixed nitrogen may be fertilizing the Earth, transferring significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere, and mitigating global warming. A modern biofuels industry someday may produce biofuels from crop residues or dedicated energy crops, reducing the rate of fossil fuel use, while losses of nitrogen and other nutrients are minimized.  (+info)

Domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villages. (3/171)

BACKGROUND: Chronic bronchitis is an important public health problem worldwide. A study was undertaken to examine the association between exposure to air pollution from domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian highland villages: a village in which cooking is done exclusively indoors and a village in which cooking is done primarily outdoors. Apart from this difference, the villages were virtually identical in terms of socioeconomic status, climate, altitude, access to health care, and other potential confounders. METHODS: Pollution exposure was assessed by combining information on concentrations of particulate matter of <10 microm diameter (PM(10)) in 12 randomly selected households in each village in all potential microenvironments of exposure with time allocation information. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was assessed using the British Medical Research Council's questionnaire on individuals >20 years of age in both villages (n = 241). RESULTS: Daily pollution exposure was significantly higher in the indoor cooking village (range for adults: 9840-15 120 microg-h/m(3)) than in the outdoor cooking village (range for adults: 5520-6240 microg-h/m(3)) for both seasons and for men and women. The overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 22% and 13% for the indoor and outdoor cooking villages, respectively. Logistic regression analysis, which excluded the few smokers present in the population, showed a 60% reduced risk of chronic bronchitis in the outdoor cooking village compared with the indoor cooking village (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8; p = 0.0102) after adjusting for age and sex. Individuals aged >40 years were 4.3 times more likely to have chronic bronchitis than the younger age group (OR = 4.3; 95% CI 2.0 to 9.3; p = 0.0002). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest an association between chronic bronchitis and exposure to domestic biomass fuel combustion, but further large scale studies from other areas of the developing world are needed to confirm the association. Results from this and other studies will assist the development of culturally acceptable and feasible alternatives to the high exposure cooking stoves currently being used by most people worldwide.  (+info)

Respiratory symptoms in older people and use of domestic gas appliances. (4/171)

BACKGROUND: Studies in children and young women have indicated an increased risk of respiratory illness in association with the use of domestic gas appliances, possibly caused by oxides of nitrogen generated when gas is burned. It is not known whether risks are similarly increased in older subjects. METHODS: A questionnaire about respiratory symptoms in the past year and potential risk factors for respiratory disease was mailed to 6000 men and women aged 65 years and older who were selected at random from the lists of general practices in North Bristol, UK. Associations between symptoms and the use of gas appliances were examined by logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, social class, and smoking habits. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 4792 (80%) of those mailed. The most common symptoms were exercise induced breathlessness, wheeze, or chest tightness (51%); wheeze (27%); morning phlegm (20%); and daytime breathlessness at rest (19%). In an analysis that included all subjects only weak associations were found with use of gas appliances, odds ratios all being 1.2 or less. The risks associated with use of a gas hob tended to be higher in women, with odds ratios of 1.36 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.83) for wheeze and 1.33 (95% CI 0.56 to 3.17) for morning chest tightness, but were lower than had been reported previously in younger women. CONCLUSION: The absence of stronger associations cannot readily be explained by bias or confounding. Gas cookers and fires are unlikely to be an important cause of respiratory illness in the elderly. If they do cause such illness, the largest risks are likely to be in women who use gas hobs.  (+info)

The effect of gas cooking on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the role of immunoglobulin E. (5/171)

Some studies have shown an association between gas cooking and respiratory symptoms. This study investigated whether gas cooking affects bronchial responsiveness and whether particular subjects are more sensitive to this effect. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the dose-response slope (Percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) divided by total dose of methacholine given) as the dependent variable in 1,921 subjects from a random sample of the Dutch population, aged 20-70 yrs. Whether the association was different according to sex, age, total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, specific IgE to inhalant allergens or smoking habits was tested by including interaction terms into the regression model. Subjects who used gas for cooking had a higher prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) < or = 2 mg) than those who used electricity (21% versus 14%) and this was dependent on the presence of atopy. Especially subjects with total IgE levels in the highest quartile had a significantly higher dose-response slope when using gas for cooking. This was independent of the presence of specific IgE to inhalant allergens. These results show increased bronchial responsiveness with gas cooking, which was only found in subjects with high total immunoglobulin E levels. This suggests that atopic subjects are sensitive to adverse effects of gas cooking on respiratory health.  (+info)

Neonatal tetanus associated with topical umbilical ghee: covert role of cow dung. (6/171)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies in Pakistan have shown that ghee (clarified butter) is commonly applied to umbilical wounds of neonates, and have documented that such applications are a risk factor for neonatal tetanus (NNT). In-use contamination of ghee with Clostridium tetani has been demonstrated, but mechanisms underlying the risk of ghee have been incompletely evaluated epidemiologically. METHODS: Detailed information on ghee usage, including fuels used to heat it, was obtained from cases of NNT (n = 229) and their matched controls (n = 687) from a population-based study of NNT in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Design variables were created to evaluate the impact of different fuel sources on risk of ghee applications. RESULTS: Nearly one-third of all infants had ghee applied, and it was nearly always heated before application to umbilical wounds of newborns. After controlling for all factors found to be significantly associated with NNT in conditional logistic regression, only ghee that had always been heated with dried cow dung fuel was significantly associated with NNT. Topical antimicrobials and ghee were never applied together. CONCLUSIONS: Ghee applications to umbilical wounds, when heated with 'clean' fuels, appear to pose no increased risk of NNT, although handling practices undoubtedly result in hazardous microbial contamination. In contrast, ghee heated with dung fuel was significantly associated with NNT. The effective promotion of topical antimicrobials might help reduce ghee use, since the intended purpose of each is to enhance healing.  (+info)

Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in the French electricity and gas industry: a case-control survey nested in a cohort of active employees. (7/171)

The main aim of this study was the analysis of occupational lung cancer risk factors in the French national electricity and gas company (Electricite de France-Gaz de France (EDF-GDF)). A case-control survey nested in a cohort of male employees was undertaken. The study population consisted of all male staff who were active at EDF-GDF between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 1989. During this period, 310 cases of lung cancer were identified in the cancer register set up by the medical department of the company. For each case, four age-matched controls who were free of cancer at the time of occurrence of the case's lung cancer were randomly selected. Occupational exposures to 21 chemical agents were assessed for each subject using a job exposure matrix. The associations between lung cancer and the different agents were estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis. After adjustment for various occupational confounding factors, the analysis showed increased lung cancer risks linked to exposure to crystalline silica (highest exposure class: odds ratio = 2.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 4.68) and creosotes (highest exposure level: odds ratio = 2.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 4.31), with significant dose-response relationships for both exposures.  (+info)

Global warming in the twenty-first century: an alternative scenario. (8/171)

A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that rapid warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO(2) greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as chlorofluorocarbons, CH(4), and N(2)O, not by the products of fossil fuel burning, CO(2) and aerosols, the positive and negative climate forcings of which are partially offsetting. The growth rate of non-CO(2) GHGs has declined in the past decade. If sources of CH(4) and O(3) precursors were reduced in the future, the change in climate forcing by non-CO(2) GHGs in the next 50 years could be near zero. Combined with a reduction of black carbon emissions and plausible success in slowing CO(2) emissions, this reduction of non-CO(2) GHGs could lead to a decline in the rate of global warming, reducing the danger of dramatic climate change. Such a focus on air pollution has practical benefits that unite the interests of developed and developing countries. However, assessment of ongoing and future climate change requires composition-specific long-term global monitoring of aerosol properties.  (+info)

Fossil fuels are not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of earth science and energy production. They refer to fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes even hundreds of millions of years.

There are three main types of fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Coal is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, and it is formed from the remains of plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swamps and peat bogs. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds, formed from the remains of marine organisms such as algae and zooplankton. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane and other light hydrocarbons, and it is found in underground reservoirs, often in association with petroleum deposits.

Fossil fuels are a major source of energy for transportation, heating, and electricity generation, but their combustion also releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change and air pollution.

Biofuels are defined as fuels derived from organic materials such as plants, algae, and animal waste. These fuels can be produced through various processes, including fermentation, esterification, and transesterification. The most common types of biofuels include biodiesel, ethanol, and biogas.

Biodiesel is a type of fuel that is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification. It can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification and can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels.

Ethanol is a type of alcohol that is produced through the fermentation of sugars found in crops such as corn, sugarcane, and switchgrass. It is typically blended with gasoline to create a fuel known as E85, which contains 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.

Biogas is a type of fuel that is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as food waste, sewage sludge, and agricultural waste. It is composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide and can be used to generate electricity or heat.

Overall, biofuels offer a renewable and more sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependence on non-renewable resources.

"Energy-generating resources" is a broad term that refers to various methods and technologies used to convert different forms of energy into electricity or other useful forms. While there isn't a specific medical definition for this term, it is often discussed in the context of public health and environmental medicine due to its impact on air quality, climate change, and human health. Here are some examples of energy-generating resources:

1. Fossil fuels: These include coal, oil, and natural gas, which are non-renewable resources. They are burned to produce heat, which is then converted into electricity. The combustion process releases greenhouse gases and pollutants, contributing to climate change and air pollution-related health issues.
2. Nuclear power: This energy source involves the fission of atomic nuclei to generate heat, which is used to produce steam and drive turbines for electricity generation. While nuclear power itself does not emit greenhouse gases, it poses potential risks associated with radioactive waste disposal, accidents, and proliferation.
3. Renewable resources: These are sustainable energy sources that can be replenished naturally over time. Examples include solar power (photovoltaic or concentrated), wind power, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, and biomass. These resources have lower environmental impacts and contribute less to air pollution and climate change compared to fossil fuels.
4. Hydrogen fuel cells: These devices convert chemical energy from hydrogen into electricity through an electrochemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. They are clean energy sources, as the only byproducts are water and heat. However, the production of hydrogen can have environmental impacts depending on the method used (e.g., steam methane reforming vs. electrolysis powered by renewable energy).
5. Energy storage systems: While not a primary source of energy generation, energy storage technologies like batteries and capacitors play an essential role in optimizing the use of energy-generating resources. They can store excess energy produced during periods of low demand or high resource availability (e.g., solar power during the day) and release it during peak demand or resource scarcity, improving overall system efficiency and reducing the need for backup generation from fossil fuels.

In summary, "energy-generating resources" refer to various methods used to convert different forms of energy into electricity or other useful forms. The environmental and health impacts of these resources vary significantly, with renewable sources generally having lower impacts compared to fossil fuel-based options.

I must clarify that "Fuel Oils" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Fuel oils are types of oil used as fuel, and they include various distillates of petroleum. They are commonly used for heating purposes or to generate electricity in industrial plants and ships.

However, if you're asking about the medical implications of exposure to fuel oils, it can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea, especially if inhaled in large quantities or in a poorly ventilated space. Long-term exposure may lead to more severe health issues, such as bronchitis, heart disease, and cancer.

The greenhouse effect is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of environmental science and meteorology. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you:

The greenhouse effect refers to the warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the trapping of heat by certain gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases. These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.

When sunlight reaches Earth's surface, it is absorbed and then re-emitted as heat energy, which would normally escape back into space. However, some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm up. This process is essential for life on Earth, as it helps to maintain a stable temperature that supports plant and animal growth.

However, human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture have led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which has caused the natural greenhouse effect to become amplified. This has resulted in global warming and climate change, with potentially serious consequences for both human health and the environment.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), natural gas is not a medical term and does not have a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, natural gas is a fossil energy source that is primarily methane (CH4) but can also include small amounts of other gases such as ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes. It is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that have been buried for millions of years.

While natural gas is not a medical term, it is worth noting that exposure to natural gas or its components can have health effects in certain circumstances. For example, methane itself is not toxic, but it can cause asphyxiation if present in high concentrations in confined spaces, displacing the oxygen needed for breathing. Additionally, natural gas often contains small amounts of other gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can be highly toxic even at low concentrations. Exposure to these components of natural gas can cause a range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, nausea, and respiratory problems.

It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential health effects of natural gas exposure in certain situations, particularly when treating patients who work in or live near natural gas extraction sites or who have been exposed to natural gas leaks.

The principle of "Conservation of Energy Resources" is not a medical term or concept, but rather it is a fundamental principle in the field of physics and environmental science. It refers to the need to manage and use energy resources in a sustainable way, by avoiding waste and finding ways to reuse or recycle them. This principle has important implications for public health, as the depletion of non-renewable energy sources and the negative impacts of energy production on the environment can have significant effects on human health. For example, air pollution from fossil fuel combustion can contribute to respiratory diseases and other health problems, while climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions can exacerbate a range of health risks. Therefore, conserving energy resources is an important aspect of promoting public health and preventing disease.

"Recycling" is not a term used in medicine. It generally refers to the process of converting waste materials into reusable products, but it does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help with those!

Paleontology is not a medical field, but rather it is a branch of earth sciences and biology that deals with the study of prehistoric life forms through the examination of plant and animal fossils, including those of extinct organisms. It involves various disciplines such as stratigraphy, geochronology, and systematics to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

However, I understand that you are looking for information related to a non-medical topic, so here is some additional context:

Paleontology can be divided into several subdisciplines, including vertebrate paleontology (the study of fossilized animals with backbones), invertebrate paleontology (the study of fossilized animals without backbones), paleobotany (the study of fossil plants), micropaleontology (the study of microscopic fossils), and taphonomy (the study of the processes that occur after an organism's death, leading to its preservation as a fossil).

Paleontologists use various techniques to study fossils, including comparative anatomy, histology (the study of tissue structure), and geochemistry. They also rely on other scientific fields such as genetics, physics, and chemistry to help them interpret the data they collect from fossils.

Through their research, paleontologists can learn about the morphology, behavior, ecology, and evolutionary relationships of extinct organisms, providing valuable insights into the history of life on Earth.

Petroleum is not a medical term, but it is a term used in the field of geology and petrochemicals. It refers to a naturally occurring liquid found in rock formations, which is composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, organic compounds consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen.

Petroleum is not typically associated with medical definitions; however, it's worth noting that petroleum and its derivatives are widely used in the production of various medical supplies, equipment, and pharmaceuticals. Some examples include plastic syringes, disposable gloves, catheters, lubricants for medical devices, and many active ingredients in medications.

In a broader sense, environmental or occupational exposure to petroleum and its byproducts could lead to health issues, but these are not typically covered under medical definitions of petroleum itself.

The Extraction and Processing Industry, also known as the extraction industry or the mining sector, is a major category of businesses and economic activities involved in the removal of minerals and other natural resources from the earth. This industry includes several types of extraction operations, such as:

1. Oil and gas extraction: This involves the exploration, drilling, and pumping of crude oil and natural gas from underground reservoirs.
2. Mining: This includes the extraction of various minerals like coal, iron ore, copper, gold, silver, and other metals and non-metallic minerals. There are different methods used for mining, such as surface mining (open-pit or strip mining) and underground mining.
3. Support activities for mining: This category includes services and supplies needed for the extraction of minerals, like drilling, exploration, and mining support services.

After the extraction process, these raw materials undergo further processing to transform them into usable forms, such as refining crude oil into various petroleum products or smelting metals for manufacturing purposes. This processing stage is often included in the definition of the Extraction and Processing Industry.

The medical definition of this industry may not be explicitly stated; however, it indirectly impacts public health and the environment. For instance, mining activities can lead to air and water pollution, exposure to harmful substances, and increased risk of accidents and injuries for workers. Therefore, understanding the Extraction and Processing Industry is essential in addressing potential health hazards associated with these operations.

Creosote is a thick, dark brown or black liquid that has a strong, tarry odor and is produced when wood, coal, or other organic materials are burned or distilled. It is a complex mixture of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been linked to an increased risk of cancer.

In the medical context, creosote is not typically used as a treatment for any condition. However, it has been used historically as a topical antiseptic and wound dressing, due to its antibacterial properties. However, its use in this way has largely been replaced by more modern and effective treatments.

It's important to note that creosote is considered a hazardous substance and can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, it should be handled with care and used only under the supervision of a medical professional.

Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.

Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, to mitigate climate change. It can occur naturally through processes such as photosynthesis in plants and absorption by oceans. Artificial or engineered carbon sequestration methods include:

1. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): This process captures CO2 emissions from large point sources, like power plants, before they are released into the atmosphere. The captured CO2 is then compressed and transported to suitable geological formations for long-term storage.

2. Ocean Sequestration: This method involves directly injecting CO2 into the deep ocean or enhancing natural processes that absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, such as growing more phytoplankton (microscopic marine plants) through nutrient enrichment.

3. Soil Carbon Sequestration: Practices like regenerative agriculture, agroforestry, and cover cropping can enhance soil organic carbon content by increasing the amount of carbon stored in soils. This not only helps mitigate climate change but also improves soil health and productivity.

4. Biochar Sequestration: Biochar is a type of charcoal produced through pyrolysis (heating biomass in the absence of oxygen). When added to soils, biochar can increase soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity, as it has a high resistance to decomposition and can store carbon for hundreds to thousands of years.

5. Mineral Carbonation: This method involves reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals (like silicate or oxide minerals) to form stable mineral carbonates, effectively locking away the CO2 in solid form.

It is important to note that while carbon sequestration can help mitigate climate change, it should be considered as one of many strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition towards a low-carbon or carbon-neutral economy.

Biomass is defined in the medical field as a renewable energy source derived from organic materials, primarily plant matter, that can be burned or converted into fuel. This includes materials such as wood, agricultural waste, and even methane gas produced by landfills. Biomass is often used as a source of heat, electricity, or transportation fuels, and its use can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.

In the context of human health, biomass burning can have both positive and negative impacts. On one hand, biomass can provide a source of heat and energy for cooking and heating, which can improve living standards and reduce exposure to harmful pollutants from traditional cooking methods such as open fires. On the other hand, biomass burning can also produce air pollution, including particulate matter and toxic chemicals, that can have negative effects on respiratory health and contribute to climate change.

Therefore, while biomass has the potential to be a sustainable and low-carbon source of energy, it is important to consider the potential health and environmental impacts of its use and implement appropriate measures to minimize any negative effects.

In medical terms, the term "atmosphere" is not typically used as a standalone definition or diagnosis. However, in some contexts, it may refer to the physical environment or surroundings in which medical care is provided. For example, some hospitals and healthcare facilities may have different atmospheres depending on their specialties, design, or overall ambiance.

Additionally, "atmosphere" may also be used more broadly to describe the social or emotional climate of a particular healthcare setting. For instance, a healthcare provider might describe a patient's home atmosphere as warm and welcoming, or a hospital ward's atmosphere as tense or chaotic.

It is important to note that "atmosphere" is not a medical term with a specific definition, so its meaning may vary depending on the context in which it is used.

I apologize for any confusion, but "coal" is not a medical term. Coal is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is formed from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment. It is commonly used as a fuel source due to its high carbon content. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them.

Acid rain is a form of precipitation, including rain, snow, and fog, that has a pH level less than 5.6 and contains high levels of sulfuric and nitric acids. These acidic compounds are formed primarily when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are emitted into the atmosphere from human sources such as coal-fired power plants, industrial processes, and transportation vehicles. When these pollutants mix with water, oxygen, and other chemicals in the atmosphere, they form acidic compounds that can fall to the earth as acid rain, harming both natural ecosystems and man-made structures.

The term "acid rain" was first coined in the 1960s by scientists studying the effects of air pollution on the environment. Acid rain can have a number of negative impacts on the environment, including damaging forests, lakes, and streams; harming aquatic life; eroding buildings, monuments, and sculptures; and contributing to respiratory problems in humans and animals.

To mitigate the effects of acid rain, many countries have implemented regulations aimed at reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from industrial sources and power plants. These efforts have helped to reduce the severity of acid rain in some areas, but the problem remains a significant concern in many parts of the world.

In the context of medical definitions, 'carbon' is not typically used as a standalone term. Carbon is an element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, which is naturally abundant in the human body and the environment. It is a crucial component of all living organisms, forming the basis of organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with various elements, allowing for the creation of complex molecules that are essential to life. In this sense, carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth. However, it does not have a specific medical definition as an isolated term.

Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.

Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Solar Energy" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Solar energy refers to the energy that comes from the sun and can be captured and converted into thermal or electrical energy. It is not a medical concept or treatment. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a normal byproduct of cellular respiration in humans, animals, and plants, and is also produced through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

In medical terms, carbon dioxide is often used as a respiratory stimulant and to maintain the pH balance of blood. It is also used during certain medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, to insufflate (inflate) the abdominal cavity and create a working space for the surgeon.

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the body can lead to respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a decrease in pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other lung diseases that impair breathing and gas exchange. Symptoms of respiratory acidosis may include shortness of breath, confusion, headache, and in severe cases, coma or death.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "nitrogen cycle" is not a medical term. It is a biological concept that refers to the process through which nitrogen, an essential element for life, is converted between various chemical forms as it circulates through the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems, and aquatic environments.

The nitrogen cycle includes several key processes:

1. Nitrogen fixation: Certain bacteria are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), a form that can be used by plants and other organisms. This process is called nitrogen fixation.
2. Nitrification: Some types of bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites (NO2-) and then into nitrates (NO3-). This two-step process is known as nitrification.
3. Denitrification: Certain bacteria can convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas, releasing it into the atmosphere. This process is called denitrification.
4. Assimilation: Plants and other organisms take up nitrogen in the form of ammonia or nitrates from the soil or water and incorporate it into their tissues through a process called assimilation.
5. Ammonification: When organisms die and decompose, or when they excrete waste products, nitrogen is released back into the environment in the form of ammonia. This process is known as ammonification.

While not a medical term, understanding the nitrogen cycle is important for many areas of science, including environmental science, agriculture, and ecology.

"Amber" is not a medical term. It is a fossilized tree resin that is often used in jewelry and ornamental objects. Amber can sometimes contain preserved insects, plants, and other organic material that became trapped in the resin millions of years ago. While amber itself is not a medical term, it may be mentioned in a medical context if it is used as a decorative element in medical equipment or if it contains inclusions of potential interest to paleopathology, the study of ancient diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "power plants" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term commonly used to refer to industrial facilities that generate and distribute power, typically in the form of electricity. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds characterized by the presence of two or more fused benzene rings. They are called "polycyclic" because they contain multiple cyclic structures, and "aromatic" because these structures contain alternating double bonds that give them distinctive chemical properties and a characteristic smell.

PAHs can be produced from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources include wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and the decomposition of organic matter. Anthropogenic sources include the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gasoline, as well as tobacco smoke, grilled foods, and certain industrial processes.

PAHs are known to be environmental pollutants and can have harmful effects on human health. They have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung, skin, and bladder cancers, as well as reproductive and developmental toxicity. PAHs can also cause skin irritation, respiratory problems, and damage to the immune system.

PAHs are found in a variety of environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. They can accumulate in the food chain, particularly in fatty tissues, and have been detected in a wide range of foods, including meat, fish, dairy products, and vegetables. Exposure to PAHs can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

It is important to limit exposure to PAHs by avoiding tobacco smoke, reducing consumption of grilled and smoked foods, using ventilation when cooking, and following safety guidelines when working with industrial processes that produce PAHs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population growth" is actually a demographic term rather than a medical one. It refers to the increase in the size of a population over time, typically due to births and immigrants exceeding deaths and emigrants. It is commonly used in discussions of societal development, resource management, and environmental impact, among other fields.

If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those as well!

Biological evolution is the change in the genetic composition of populations of organisms over time, from one generation to the next. It is a process that results in descendants differing genetically from their ancestors. Biological evolution can be driven by several mechanisms, including natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. These processes can lead to changes in the frequency of alleles (variants of a gene) within populations, resulting in the development of new species and the extinction of others over long periods of time. Biological evolution provides a unifying explanation for the diversity of life on Earth and is supported by extensive evidence from many different fields of science, including genetics, paleontology, comparative anatomy, and biogeography.

Hominidae, also known as the "great apes," is a family of primates that includes humans (Homo sapiens), orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei), bonobos (Pan paniscus), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This family is characterized by their upright walking ability, although not all members exhibit this trait. Hominidae species are known for their high intelligence, complex social structures, and expressive facial features. They share a common ancestor with the Old World monkeys, and fossil records suggest that this split occurred around 25 million years ago.

'Vehicle Emissions' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, in a broader context, it refers to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes. The main pollutants found in vehicle emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Exposure to these pollutants can have negative health effects, including respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, vehicle emissions are a significant public health concern.

The conservation of natural resources refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources, such as water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, in a way that preserves their availability for future generations. This may involve measures such as reducing waste and pollution, promoting sustainable practices, protecting habitats and ecosystems, and engaging in careful planning and decision-making to ensure the long-term sustainability of these resources. The goal of conservation is to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future, so that current and future generations can continue to benefit from the many goods and services that natural resources provide.

Medical definitions typically focus on the relevance of a term to medicine or healthcare, so here's a medical perspective on polycyclic compounds:

Polycyclic compounds are organic substances that contain two or more chemical rings in their structure. While not all polycyclic compounds are relevant to medicine, some can have significant medical implications. For instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of polycyclic compound that can be found in tobacco smoke and certain types of air pollution. PAHs have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer, due to their ability to damage DNA.

Another example is the class of drugs called steroids, which include hormones like cortisol and sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen. These compounds are polycyclic because they contain several interconnected rings in their structure. Steroid medications are used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including inflammation, asthma, and Addison's disease.

In summary, while not all polycyclic compounds are relevant to medicine, some can have important medical implications, either as harmful environmental pollutants or as useful therapeutic agents.

Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.

Examples of environmental pollution include:

1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.

Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.

Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.

In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

Dinosaurs are a group of reptiles that were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous period. They first appeared approximately 230 million years ago and went extinct around 65 million years ago.

Dinosaurs are characterized by their upright stance, with legs positioned directly under their bodies, and a wide range of body sizes and shapes. Some dinosaurs were enormous, such as the long-necked sauropods that could reach lengths of over 100 feet, while others were small and agile.

Dinosaurs are classified into two main groups: the saurischians (lizard-hipped) and the ornithischians (bird-hipped). The saurischians include both the large carnivorous theropods, such as Tyrannosaurus rex, and the long-necked sauropods. The ornithischians were primarily herbivores and included a diverse array of species, such as the armored ankylosaurs and the horned ceratopsians.

Despite their extinction, dinosaurs have left a lasting impact on our planet and continue to be a source of fascination for people of all ages. The study of dinosaurs, known as paleontology, has shed light on many aspects of Earth's history and the evolution of life on our planet.

Paleodontology is not a medical field, but rather a subfield of archaeology and paleontology. It is the study of fossil teeth and dental tissues from extinct animals or ancient human populations to understand their evolutionary history, diet, health status, and lifestyle. By analyzing tooth wear patterns, growth rates, and pathologies, paleodontologists can gain insights into the ecological adaptations and environmental conditions experienced by these organisms throughout their lives.

"Extinction, Biological" refers to the state or process of a species or taxonomic group becoming extinct, meaning that there are no surviving members remaining alive anywhere in the world. This can occur due to various factors such as environmental changes, competition with other species, overexploitation by humans, or a combination of these and other elements. It is an important concept in the field of biology and conservation, as the extinction of a species can have significant impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oceans and Seas" are not medical terms. Generally speaking, an ocean is a large body of saltwater that covers a majority of the Earth's surface, and a sea is a smaller body of saltwater that may be partially enclosed by land. However, if you have any questions related to marine biology or environmental science, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Climate, in the context of environmental science and medicine, refers to the long-term average of weather conditions (such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological elements) in a given region over a period of years to decades. It is the statistical description of the weather patterns that occur in a particular location over long periods of time.

In medical terms, climate can have significant impacts on human health, both physical and mental. For example, extreme temperatures, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation levels associated with certain climates can increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, heat-related illnesses, and skin cancer. Similarly, changes in climate patterns can affect the distribution and prevalence of infectious diseases, such as malaria and Lyme disease.

Climate change, which refers to significant long-term changes in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, can have even more profound impacts on human health, including increased rates of heat-related illnesses and deaths, worsening air quality, and altered transmission patterns of infectious diseases.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Models, Econometric" is not a medical term. Econometric models are statistical tools used in the field of economics to estimate economic relationships and forecast future outcomes. They are based on economic theory and use historical data to estimate the parameters of mathematical equations that describe these relationships.

If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to try to help! Just let me know what you're looking for.

Bioelectric energy sources refer to the electrical energy generated through biological processes within living organisms. This energy is produced by the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, typically through the use of cell membranes and ions. A common example of a bioelectric energy source is the action potential generated by nerve cells, or neurons, in order to communicate signals throughout the body. Another example is the electrical energy generated by cardiac muscle cells during each heartbeat. These endogenous electrical signals can be harnessed and used for various medical and therapeutic purposes, such as in the use of pacemakers and cochlear implants. Additionally, there is ongoing research into developing bioelectric devices that can interface with living tissues to monitor or manipulate biological processes, such as tissue regeneration and cancer treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geology" is not a medical term. It is a scientific discipline that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geological phenomena" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Geological phenomena refer to natural processes and features related to the earth's physical structure, composition, and the various changes it undergoes over time. This could include things like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, rock formations, or the formation of fossil fuels. If you have a term that you would like me to provide a medical definition for, I'd be happy to help!

Environmental exposure refers to the contact of an individual with any chemical, physical, or biological agent in the environment that can cause a harmful effect on health. These exposures can occur through various pathways such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Examples of environmental exposures include air pollution, water contamination, occupational chemicals, and allergens. The duration and level of exposure, as well as the susceptibility of the individual, can all contribute to the risk of developing an adverse health effect.

I'm not a medical professional, but the term "History, Ancient" is not a medical term per se. However, in a broader context, it could refer to the study of ancient medical practices, theories, and beliefs that existed in civilizations prior to the Middle Ages or Classical Antiquity. This might include the examination of ancient texts, artifacts, and archaeological evidence to understand how illnesses were treated and viewed in these historical periods. It forms an essential part of the evolution of medical knowledge and practices over time.

Dentition refers to the development, arrangement, and appearance of teeth in the dental arch. It includes the number, type, size, and shape of teeth, as well as their alignment and relationship with each other and the surrounding structures in the oral cavity. Dentition can be classified into two main types: deciduous (primary) dentition and permanent (secondary) dentition. Deciduous dentition consists of 20 temporary teeth that erupt during infancy and childhood, while permanent dentition consists of 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth and last for a lifetime, excluding the wisdom teeth which may or may not erupt. Abnormalities in dentition can indicate various dental and systemic conditions, making it an essential aspect of oral health assessment and diagnosis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "gasoline" is not a medical term. It is a petroleum-derived liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

"Forecasting" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a general term used in various fields, including finance, economics, and meteorology, to describe the process of making predictions or estimates about future events or trends based on historical data, trends, and other relevant factors. In healthcare and public health, forecasting may be used to predict the spread of diseases, identify potential shortages of resources such as hospital beds or medical equipment, or plan for future health care needs. However, there is no medical definition for "forecasting" itself.

In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.

Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.

The skull is the bony structure that encloses and protects the brain, the eyes, and the ears. It is composed of two main parts: the cranium, which contains the brain, and the facial bones. The cranium is made up of several fused flat bones, while the facial bones include the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), cheekbones, nose bones, and eye sockets (orbits).

The skull also provides attachment points for various muscles that control chewing, moving the head, and facial expressions. Additionally, it contains openings for blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord to pass through. The skull's primary function is to protect the delicate and vital structures within it from injury and trauma.

A tooth is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (upper and lower) of many vertebrates and used for biting and chewing food. In humans, a typical tooth has a crown, one or more roots, and three layers: the enamel (the outermost layer, hardest substance in the body), the dentin (the layer beneath the enamel), and the pulp (the innermost layer, containing nerves and blood vessels). Teeth are essential for proper nutrition, speech, and aesthetics. There are different types of teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each designed for specific functions in the mouth.

The term "Theoretical Models" is used in various scientific fields, including medicine, to describe a representation of a complex system or phenomenon. It is a simplified framework that explains how different components of the system interact with each other and how they contribute to the overall behavior of the system. Theoretical models are often used in medical research to understand and predict the outcomes of diseases, treatments, or public health interventions.

A theoretical model can take many forms, such as mathematical equations, computer simulations, or conceptual diagrams. It is based on a set of assumptions and hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms that drive the system. By manipulating these variables and observing the effects on the model's output, researchers can test their assumptions and generate new insights into the system's behavior.

Theoretical models are useful for medical research because they allow scientists to explore complex systems in a controlled and systematic way. They can help identify key drivers of disease or treatment outcomes, inform the design of clinical trials, and guide the development of new interventions. However, it is important to recognize that theoretical models are simplifications of reality and may not capture all the nuances and complexities of real-world systems. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with other forms of evidence, such as experimental data and observational studies, to inform medical decision-making.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Reptiles" is not a medical term. It is a term used in biology to describe a class of cold-blooded, scaly-skinned animals that include snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are characterized by having lungs for breathing, laying eggs on land, and having a three-chambered heart. If you have any medical questions or terms, I'd be happy to help clarify those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kerosene" is not a medical term. It is a type of fuel that is commonly used in lamps, stoves, and heating systems. Medically, the term "kerosene sniffing" or "huffing" is used to describe the dangerous practice of inhaling kerosene vapors to get high, which can lead to serious health consequences, including death.

Coniferophyta is a division of vascular plants that includes the conifers. It is an informal name and not commonly used in modern taxonomy, but it can still be found in some older textbooks and resources. The more widely accepted classification system places conifers within the gymnosperms, which are a group of seed-bearing plants characterized by the absence of fruits or flowers.

Conifers are a diverse group of woody plants that include trees and shrubs such as pines, firs, spruces, hemlocks, cedars, and redwoods. They are known for their cone-bearing seeds and needle-shaped leaves, which are often evergreen. Conifers are widely distributed throughout the world and play important ecological roles in many ecosystems, particularly in temperate and boreal forests.

In summary, while "Coniferophyta" is an outdated term for the division that includes conifers, it refers to a group of plants characterized by their cone-bearing seeds and needle-shaped leaves. Modern classification systems place conifers within the gymnosperms.

The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry (oil, gas, coal), as ... Those corporations that continue to invest in new fossil fuel exploration, new fossil fuel exploitation, are really in flagrant ... 636 fossil fuel lobbyists attended COP27. Publicly, fossil-fuel corporations say that they support the Paris Agreement aiming ... "Fossil Fuel Political Giving Outdistances Renewables 13 to One; During the Latest Midterm Election Cycle, the Fossil Fuel ...
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... is a 2014 book by Alex Epstein that advocates for the expansion of fossil fuels. Epstein runs ... "Fossil Fuels and Morality". NationalReview.com. Retrieved June 27, 2017. Bailey, Ronald. "Fight Poverty-Use Fossil Fuels". ... "Walker: The Moral Triumph of Fossil Fuels". TheMorningSun.com. Retrieved July 1, 2017. Tao, Aaron. "Fossil Fuels Are the ... "Fossil Fuel Immorality". The Huffington Post. December 17, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2016. "There is no 'moral case for coal' ...
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are exported from various source countries to countries reliant on these fossil fuels. This is ...
... fossil fuel divestment hinders the fossil fuel industry's ability to carry out its business model. Cost of capital for fossil ... Those include fossil fuels, child labour, and weapons. The Vatican Bank claims that it is not investing in fossil fuels with ... Fossil fuel divestment or fossil fuel divestment and investment in climate solutions is an attempt to reduce climate change by ... In regards to fossil fuel divestment, the committee "rejected the idea of blanket divestment from all fossil fuel companies"; ...
... may refer to: Peak fossil fuel production; see Hubbert peak theory#Hubbert curve. Peak coal. Peak gas. Peak ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Peak fossil fuel. If an internal link led you here, you may ...
Fossil fuels OECD Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform United Nations Development Programme Fossil fuel subsidy tracker International ... "Why Fuel is Smuggled Out of Iran and Why No One Stops It". "Value of fossil-fuel subsidies by fuel in the top 25 countries, ... Fossil fuel subsidies are energy subsidies on fossil fuels. They may be tax breaks on consumption, such as a lower sales tax on ... "Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels". Our World ...
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... fossil fuel beta; ODAC Fuelling debate; Economist.com Tuck School of Business professor develops fossil fuel beta; MBA4 Success ... Management briefing: fossil fuel beta; Times Online Fossil Fuel Beta: A New Metric to Devise Better Energy Plans; EnergyBlogs. ... It shows the hypothetical EPS impact of a 10% increase in fossil fuel prices. Given likely high dependence on fossil fuels ... Finally, many energy producers own fossil fuel reserves. Higher fossil fuel prices will have a direct positive impact on their ...
The Fossil Fuel Levy was imposed to fund the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation. In England and Wales the Fossil Fuel Levy was ... Energy policy of the United Kingdom Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom Fossil Fuel Levy Act 1998 The Fossil Fuel ... The Fossil Fuel Levy (FFL) is a levy paid by suppliers of electricity from non-renewable energy sources in the United Kingdom. ... In Scotland, the Fossil Fuel Levy was not imposed until 1996, as support for the nuclear industry in Scotland (the original ...
The Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation was put in place under the powers of the Electricity Act 1989, under which electricity ... The Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO) refers to a collection of orders requiring the electricity distribution network operators ... Funding for the NFFO was originally generated by the Fossil Fuel Levy, a levy placed on all electricity consumption in the UK. ... As a result of these arrangements, the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation has been generating a trading surplus, expected to have ...
In a fossil fuel power plant the chemical energy stored in fossil fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas or oil shale and ... A fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station which burns a fossil fuel, such as coal or natural gas, to produce ... to fossil fuel power stations, so owners have not done so. The CO2 emissions from a fossil fuel power station can be estimated ... C is still possible but only if no more fossil fuel power plants are built and some existing fossil fuel power plants are shut ...
... is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce deaths and illness ... Former fossil fuel exporters are expected to lose power, while the positions of former fossil fuel importers and countries rich ... Current efforts in fossil fuel phase-out involve replacing fossil fuels with sustainable energy sources in sectors such as ... Some fossil fuel companies lobby governments. Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies is very important. It must however be done ...
... : 10 Clean Technologies to Save Our World is a 2010 book by Tom Rand (venture capitalist). The book ... Dré Dee (2011). "Kick Fossil Fuels: Venture capitalist's book is the perfect read as gas prices soar". Green Living. Archived ... Rand says that there are many reasons to kick the fossil fuel habit: "energy security; the moral cost of supporting ... "How To Kick The Fossil Fuel Habit". Huffington Post. Tom Rand (Nov 25, 2011). "Book excerpt: Clean technologies that could save ...
Fossil fuels, Fossil fuel phase-out, Fossil fuel vehicles, Fossil fuel vehicle phase-out). ... sometimes even combining renewable/bio fuels and fossil fuels Fossil fuel lobby Fuel cell vehicle: vehicles that generate ... such as fossil-fuelled ships and lorries. Reasons for banning the further sale of fossil fuel vehicles include: reducing health ... Fuel cell (electric) vehicles (FCVs or FCEVs) also allow running on (some) non-fossil fuels (i.e., hydrogen, ethanol, methanol ...
In Australia, fossil fuel divestment is being led by Universities and Local Councils as part of the global fossil fuel ... Divestment Fossil fuel divestment ANU - Australian National University "350.org.au - Local Government Leadership on Fossil Fuel ... do not provide finance for the fossil fuel industry. Research on which banks fund the fossil fuel industry, and those that do ... Fossil fuels - where does your bank stand?". "Adani and Commonwealth Bank part ways". "ACT Government to divest from fossil ...
The Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative is a civil society campaign to create a treaty to stop fossil fuel ... "Austin, capital of Texas, the main oil-producing State in the USA, calls for a Fossil Fuel Treaty". Fossil Fuel Non- ... Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative - Official website Research and Publications associated with the Fossil Fuel ... "Los Angeles first city in the US to endorse the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty. 21 ...
Companies in the fossil fuel industry have begun to experience the effects of the phasing-out of fossil fuels like coal. For ... For much of the United States' history, fossil fuels have been a major energy source. While phasing out these fossil fuels will ... "The Hidden Costs of Fossil Fuels". Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 2017-04-06. "Our Energy Sources: Fossil Fuels". The ... "The Hidden Costs of Fossil Fuels". Fischetti, Mark. "The Health Care Burden of Fossil Fuels". Scientific American. Retrieved ...
... is a compilation album by XTC released in 1996. It was their third such greatest hits ... "XTC - Fossil Fuel: The XTC Singles 1977-1992 Album Reviews, Songs & More". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 April 2023. "Top RPM Albums: ... "British album certifications - XTC - Fossil Fuel - The XTC Singles 1977-92". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2 April ...
"Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total)". The World Bank. Retrieved 11 August 2015. "Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of ...
... have resulted in environmental damage and/or has resulted in death or major injury that have occurred within the fossil fuel ...
... fuel Alternative fuels Ammonia Bitumen-based fuel Cryogenic fuel Fossil fuel phase-out Fuel card Fuel cell Fuel container Fuel ... "Fossil fuel". Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. "Fossil fuel". EPA. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. ... "Canada's Fossil Fuel Dependency". Elements. Retrieved 18 January 2007. "Fossil fuel". EPA. Archived from the original on 12 ... Fuel gas is contrasted with liquid fuels and from solid fuels, though some fuel gases are liquefied for storage or transport. ...
Pearce, Andrew (6 December 2015). "Jeffrey Sachs: Fund Managers Have a Duty to Dump Fossil Fuels". Financial News. Retrieved 30 ... Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (2 October 2017). "Fossil Fuels". Our World in Data. Retrieved 6 March 2020. Ellwanger, Reinhard. " ... "Rising oil prices fuel fears of damage to global economy". The Guardian. 25 September 2018. "What are the possible causes and ... By April 2020 the price of WTI dropped by 80%, down to a low of about $5. As the demand for fuel decreased globally with ...
Fossil Fuels. Marcus Enterprise LLC, USA & University of South Carolina, USA. p. 160. doi:10.1142/9789814699983_0007. ISBN 978- ... such as gasoline and diesel fuel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of ... "Oil For Fuel". Cairns Post (Qld. : 1909-1954). 1923-03-23. p. 5. Retrieved 2020-04-22. "The Seven Seas are an Open Sewer (oil ... Oil can reach the oceans as oil and fuel from land-based sources. It is estimated that runoff oil and oil from rivers are ...
Fossil fuels • Sea level rise • Greenhouse gas • Ocean acidification • Shutdown of thermohaline circulation • Environmental ... Trail ethics Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles Environmental aspects of the electric car Hydrogen economy Rail electrification ... Jet fuel tax) • Electric aircraft • High-speed rail Conservation Ecosystems - Anoxic waters • Biodiversity • Biosecurity • ...
... is a fossil fuel derived from fossilized organic materials, such as zooplankton and algae. Vast amounts of these ... into diesel fuel, kerosene and jet fuel. Alkanes with more than 16 carbon atoms can be refined into fuel oil and lubricating ... A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath ... Schobert, Harold H. (2013). Chemistry of fossil fuels and biofuels. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 103-130. ISBN ...
Eating Fossil Fuels. EnergyBulletin. Archived June 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine "Soaring fertilizer prices put global food ... Nitrogen fertilizer is a direct fossil fuel product processed primarily from natural gas. It is estimated that no more than 3.7 ... The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by fossil fuels in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), ... This same system disrupted carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles because it requires farmers to depend on fossil fuel- based ...
Eating Fossil Fuels. EnergyBulletin. Archived June 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Mulvaney, Dustin (2011). Green Energy: An A ... The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by fossil fuels in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), ... In the 21st century, the production of fuel crops has increased, adding to this diversion. However, technologies are also ... and hydrocarbon-fueled irrigation. Natural gas is a major feedstock for the production of ammonia, via the Haber process, for ...
"Reduce Fossil Fuels". NRDC. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016. Carter, Jimmy (23 January ... Even in the 21st century there are continuing efforts by fossil fuel companies to paint nuclear energy in a negative light and ... Some authors argue that compared to the geopolitics of fossil fuels, renewable energy may cause more small-scale conflicts but ... "Gloves are off in fossil fuel fight against nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-05-27. ...
Furthermore, it is symmetrical, with the peak of production reached when half of the fossil fuel that will ultimately be ... Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels, M.K. Hubbert, Presented before the Spring Meeting of the Southern District, American ... M. King Hubbert (June 1956). "Nuclear Energy And The Fossil Fuels" (PDF). Shell Development Company. Archived from the original ... Whipple, Tom (2006-03-08). "Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels". Energybulletin.net. Archived from the original on 2008-08-11 ...
The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry (oil, gas, coal), as ... Those corporations that continue to invest in new fossil fuel exploration, new fossil fuel exploitation, are really in flagrant ... 636 fossil fuel lobbyists attended COP27. Publicly, fossil-fuel corporations say that they support the Paris Agreement aiming ... "Fossil Fuel Political Giving Outdistances Renewables 13 to One; During the Latest Midterm Election Cycle, the Fossil Fuel ...
The article Fossil Fuels: Modern Asbestos? originally appeared on Fool.com.. Sara E. Murphy has no position in any stocks ... Not only are they vocally and visibly protesting Keystone XL, but they are pushing for total divestment from the fossil fuel ... It is yet another riff in the crescendo of drum beats hearkening the eventual demise of conventional fossil fuels. Some readers ... would raise global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 20% and keep the world on a path toward 5°C to 6°C of warming. Keystone ...
Fossil Free. Local canadian artists interested in protecting the enviroment & ending fracking & drilling for oil. ... Fossil Free. Estimated total value of the asset: In terms of people resource, content, technology, etc. we would put our total ... Fossil Free. 3,000 members in New York State. http://www.cwu-in-nys.org/. ... Fossil Free. Religious order memeber of Equiterre.. http://www.bonconseil.qc.ca/. ...
Agriculture replaces fossil fuels as largest human source of sulfur to the environment Peer-Reviewed Publication Syracuse ... Agriculture replaces fossil fuels as largest human source of sulfur to the environment. Syracuse University ... Through mining activities, including fossil fuel extraction as well as synthesis of fertilizers and pesticides, sulfur is ... including places like China and India that are still working to regulate fossil fuel emissions. ...
... not to try to curb the burning of the fuels, but to end the fossil fuel industry altogether. The industry will be one for the ... People in the fossil fuel industry claim that they are the only ones who can do this, she said, but renewables can do it faster ... We have gained money from not investing in fossil fuels.". Dorsey, who has a background in the human rights movement, said that ... Investors Warned: Forget Fossil Fuels. Historic change heralded as investors are told they face losing their money if they ...
New research proves massively increased return for investment in renewables over fossil fuels. With 2050 targets requiring $4.4 ... How renewables outperforms fossil fuels. Renewable power has a superior risk/return profile over fossil fuels both in periods ... In the 1.5°C Scenario, fossil fuel production should decline by more than 75 percent by 2050, with total fossil fuel ... volatility was lower than fossil fuel portfolios in the Global and Advanced economies and higher than the fossil fuel ...
Fossil Fuels Did This: Heatwaves. We believe that the fossil fuel industry is responsible for the worsening climate impacts you ... We keep burning fossil fuels because they choose (and they chose then) to use their power for that purpose. ... And it is the greed of the fossil fuel industries and its allies what is pushing that increase. Let us retrace their steps. ... But even if we cannot stop heatwaves completely, we can stop the fossil fuels industry. People around the world have been ...
Kings College London has fully divested from all fossil fuels almost two years ahead of schedule. ... Kings fully divests from fossil fuels. Kings College London has fully divested from all fossil fuels almost two years ahead ... We are delighted to announce that as of the start of 2021, Kings has fully divested from all fossil fuels. This vital step in ... The great news that Kings has fully divested from all fossil fuels makes me both proud to be part of our outstanding community ...
Divesting from companies that produce fossil fuels continues to be one of the key demands of the climate change movement. To ... Divestment of fossil fuels is really a moral matter. The campaign to divest from fossil fuel companies aims to create a stigma ... If fossil fuel companies are seen as engaging in practices that contribute to dangerous climate change this may well lead ... Asking a company whose business is exploring for and extracting fossil fuels to stop doing what they exist to do is pointless. ...
Fossil Fuels, Marine Life, Climate Change: Few mineral deposits of major economic importance were formed during the Triassic. ... Home Science Earth Science, Geologic Time & Fossils Fossils & Geologic Time Economic significance of Triassic deposits. Few ... along with black shales containing fossils of freshwater crustaceans and fish. These deposits indicate a depositional ...
Award-winning Berkeley-based editorial cartoonist Khalil Bendibs cartoons are regularly featured in dozens of small and mid-size newspapers across the country, and they can be viewed at www.bendib.com and on the OtherWords website. His work has run in USA Today, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, and numerous other large newspapers. His latest book of political cartoons is Too Big to Fail.. ...
Renewable power trumps fossil fuels for first time ... Renewable power trumps fossil fuels for first time By Bloomberg ... The zeal to replace fossil fuels, which take millions of years to form from dead organic matter, belies the failed efforts at ... Renewable energy is surpassing fossil fuels for the first time in new power-plant investments, shaking off setbacks from the ... As well as renewables spending exceeding that on new fossil plants, last year also was the first time expenditure in developing ...
90 billion over the last 10 years by investing in fossil fuel companies, a report found IEEFA condemned BlackRocks fossil fuel ... 700 billion into fossil fuels since the Paris climate agreement JPMorgan alone had put in $75 billion into financing fossil ... How can we trust you? Joe Bidens ties to a former fossil fuel executive come under question during CNN town hall The former ... Rick Perry argued that more fossil fuels could reduce sexual assault in Africa When the lights are on, when you have light ...
Home Press Room Commentary Commentaries 2016 Fossil fuels and the future Fossil fuels and the future. OPEC Bulletin Commentary ... his conviction that he does not foresee any scenario in which non-fossil fuels could come even close to overtaking fossil fuels ... "Fossil fuels will need to supply more than three-quarters of the energy mix by 2040," he told delegates at an oil conference in ... "Fossil fuels remain abundant and are necessary for our future, just as they have been an essential part of our past." El-Badri ...
"Fossil fuels are produced by a small number of companies and countries and the benefits flow to a small number of people. With ... We will then reach peak use of fossil fuels, not because were running out of them but because renewables will have become so ... Bond writes that in the 2020s-probably the early 2020s-the demand for fossil fuels will stop growing. The turning point in such ... Investors have money at risk, and not just in fossil fuel shares: a shift of this size will affect car companies, machinery ...
"Fossil fuel production, as well as combustion, is a dirty business." Congress has kept busy responding to the various disasters ... Statisticians have a long way to go before they can say whether 2010 is the fossil fuel industrys worst in terms of fatalities ... House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Nick Rahall (D-W.Va.) blamed many of this years fossil-fuel-related accidents on ... Industry allies on Capitol Hill are also pushing back against policies that would stymie development of fossil fuels in the ...
The Case Against ExxonMobil, Chevron, and other Fossil Fuel Companies Across the world, fossil fuel companies face a wave of ... scientists at major fossil fuel companies considered how climate change should factor into decisions about new fossil fuel ... Unfortunately, fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide (CO2) when burnt-and CO2 is the main driver of climate change. ... Other fossil fuel companies should heed the warning and immediately stop funding and spreading climate disinformation. They ...
Divestment is the start of a process of reducing the tremendous influence of the fossil fuel industry on our political system ... Why Fossil Fuel Divestment Works Divestment is the start of a process of reducing the tremendous influence of the fossil fuel ... Why Californias Public Employee Pension Funds Should Divest From Fossil Fuels ›. *We Must Ask: Does Fossil Fuel Divestment ... Why Californias Public Employee Pension Funds Should Divest From Fossil Fuels ›. *We Must Ask: Does Fossil Fuel Divestment ...
President Biden has delivered a budget to Congress that would end a raft of special tax giveaways to the fossil fuel industry. ... Fossil Fuel Profits Skyrocket as World Leaders Set to Gather at COP28 November 21, 2023. Expert BlogUnited States, ... Good news! President Biden has delivered a budget to Congress that would end a raft of special tax giveaways to the fossil fuel ... The Intangible Drilling Costs Deduction: Created more than a century ago, this special tax advantage for the fossil fuel ...
The EU has been the top destination for Russian fossil fuels over the past year, despite sanctions ... Over the past year, the European Union was the top buyer of Russias fossil fuels, namely coal, oil and gas, according to the ... EU remains biggest importer of Russian fossil fuels The 27-nation bloc has pledged to curb purchases as part of Ukraine-related ... 315 billion from international sales of its fossil fuels, with $149 billion, about half of the total, coming from EU member ...
Fossil Fuels" 20 August 2012.. HowStuffWorks.com. ,https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/biofuel-fossil-fuel. ... One downside to fossil fuels is that farmland that could be used for food production is instead used to grow fuel. Another has ... By contrast, there are more than 160,000 gasoline filling stations in the U.S. Thats because fossil fuels -- though ... The resulting fuel is called E85, denoting 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gas. In 2007, there were 5.5 million Flex Fuel ...
Governments negotiating a Global Plastics Treaty should ensure that it addresses the role of fossil fuels in plastic production ... called for reducing plastic production linked to fossil fuels as well as reducing or eliminating fossil fuel subsidies. ... The plastic life cycle begins with oil and gas extraction as 99 percent of plastics are made from fossil fuels, which are the ... "Governments need to work toward a binding legal instrument that addresses the role of fossil fuels in plastic production and ...
... including the movement away from fossil fuels. Fossil Free Fuels: Trends in Renewable En ... including the movement away from fossil fuels. Fossil Free Fuels: Trends in Renewable Energy examines several key topics, such ... Algal Biofuel: A Promising Alternative for Fossil Fuel. [Hoofar Shokravi, Zahra Shokravi, Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz, and Hooman ... Fossil Free Fuels Trends in Renewable Energy Edited By Maniruzzaman Bin A. Aziz, KHAIRUL ANUAR KASSIM, WAN AZELEE WAN ABU BAKAR ...
Church of England divests from fossil fuels. Leading Anglican church says major oil companies out of step with Paris climate ... Welby noted that some progress has been made in shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy, "but not nearly enough." ... "Catholics need to wake up to the threat to our planets survival due to fossil fuels," Pawlikowski said. "Churches cannot ... The Vatican has proposed fossil fuel divestment as an option for Catholic institutions on several occasions, including in its ...
Ireland set to become first country in the world to fully divest from fossil fuels after Divestment Bill wins final approval ... COP28: UN climate chief calls for clear signal the terminal decline of the fossil fuel era is underway 06 December 2023 • 10 ... Ireland set to become first country in the world to fully divest from fossil fuels after Divestment Bill wins final approval ... Asset managers and other corporate bond investors have become the fossil fuel industrys funders of last resort, warns Common ...
... who is taking direct aim at government subsidies for producers and consumers of fuels such as oil, gas and coal. "Fossil fuel ... Its not only private investors who may suffer from these tectonic shifts: Plenty of large fossil fuel companies are owned by ... Oil prices ranging from zero to $20 a barrel also force investors and executives to confront deeper issues about fossil fuel ... End of the road for fossil fuel subsidies Governments face hard choices over $5 trillion in annual giveaways. ...
An Expert Program for the Interpretation of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Data on Fossil Fuel Distillates ... Applications of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Fossil Fuels ... Off-Line Process Monitoring of Coal-Derived Liquid Fuels by Computer-Assisted Low-Voltage Mass Spectrometry ... and Indans in a Coal-Derived Jet Fuel ... Novel Techniques in Fossil Fuel Mass Spectrometry. Editor(s): ...
Unmasking Fossil Fuel Lobby Groups. Submitted by Bob Burton on September 27, 2006 - 10:26am. ...
... against fossil fuel exports from the West Coast continue to monitor fossil-fuel export proposals north and south of the border ... Fossil fuel production makes up a small part of the regions job base. Many politicians score with voters by opposing the likes ... But for all of the activists victories, it might be a stretch to say they have the fossil-fuel industry on the run. In fact, ... By the middle of last decade, a fossil fuel tsunami seemed to be pointed at Cascadia and its ports. But by then, ...
Venezuela is not alone in subsidizing fossil fuels - countries around the world spend nearly $500 billion on fossil fuel ... Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies is one of the most beneficial steps a government can take. Subsidized fuel may seem cheap, ... End fossil fuel subsidies. By Bjorn Lomborg ,March 2, 2016, 5:52 p.m. ... So yes, subsidizing fossil fuels may make your constituents happy in the short run, but it is wasteful and polluting in the ...
  • Hope for the future at a protest against fossil fuel subsidies, in Rio de Janeiro. (truthdig.com)
  • If fossil fuel companies are seen as engaging in practices that contribute to dangerous climate change this may well lead people and their representatives to alter laws, change their consumption habits, cut subsidies, cease the granting of new exploration licences or demand renewable energy alternatives. (smh.com.au)
  • NWF and other critics of the energy industry say the perpetual accident rates highlight the need for everything from carbon caps to an end to fossil fuel subsidies. (politico.com)
  • The document says that fossil fuels are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and suggests the reduction of plastic production as an option, but it fails to suggest the phaseout of fossil fuels and related subsidies as an element of the future treaty. (hrw.org)
  • New Zealand, Rwanda, and Norway - the latter two as co-chairs of the High Ambition Coalition , a group of countries dedicated to progressive approaches to the plastic treaty, called for reducing plastic production linked to fossil fuels as well as reducing or eliminating fossil fuel subsidies. (hrw.org)
  • That's the challenge laid out by United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres, who is taking direct aim at government subsidies for producers and consumers of fuels such as oil, gas and coal. (politico.com)
  • Fossil fuel subsidies must end, and polluters must start paying for their pollution," Guterres said Wednesday. (politico.com)
  • Moreover, fossil fuel subsidies make it cheaper to use energy - which means more air pollution, more CO2, and more cars congesting the streets. (bostonglobe.com)
  • Now is the perfect time to scale back subsidies on fossil fuels. (bostonglobe.com)
  • Actually, Venezuela is not alone in subsidizing fossil fuels - countries around the world spend nearly $500 billion on fossil fuel subsidies each year, according to the International Energy Agency. (bostonglobe.com)
  • Russia and India each spend about $40 billion a year on fuel subsidies, while Indonesia, Egypt, Algeria, and China have each spent around $20-$30 billion in recent years. (bostonglobe.com)
  • The tragedy of fuel subsidies is that the half-a-trillion dollars that nations around the globe devote to them could be much better used, as research directed by my organization, the Copenhagen Consensus, shows. (bostonglobe.com)
  • In trying to figure out where each dollar of spending could do the most good, we've found that doing away with fossil fuel subsidies would be one of the most beneficial actions developing countries could take. (bostonglobe.com)
  • Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies is one of the most beneficial steps a government can take. (bostonglobe.com)
  • The WTO can strengthen the transparency of energy subsidies through improved notification by its members, counter-notification by other members, and by addressing fossil fuel subsidy reform in the Trade Policy Review Mechanism. (lu.se)
  • The conference, organised by the Divest Invest movement , was held to assess progress in convincing the financial sector that it will lose its money if it continues to invest in fossil fuels. (truthdig.com)
  • The movement involves 500 organizations - with a combined wealth of more than $3.4 trillion - that have already pledged to divest from fossil fuels and invest in climate solutions. (truthdig.com)
  • One of the issues to address is the Divest Invest movement's attitude towards fossil fuel companies and their executives, and whether these should be characterised as "evil" or merely misguided. (truthdig.com)
  • The campaign to divest from fossil fuel companies aims to create a stigma around the industry, writes Jeremy Moss. (smh.com.au)
  • Calls for institutions to divest from companies producing fossil fuels have met a storm of objections and counterclaims. (smh.com.au)
  • Not surprisingly, calls for institutions to divest have met with a storm of objections and counterclaims from governments, fossil fuel companies, the targeted institutions and others. (smh.com.au)
  • The protesters were calling on their respective universities to divest from fossil fuels, according to The New York Times. (insider.com)
  • The financial pivot follows through on a 2018 motion passed by the Church of England's General Synod that called for its national investing bodies to divest if fossil fuel companies had not aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement by 2023. (ncronline.org)
  • While not attributing it to a decision to divest, the Vatican Bank in 2020 confirmed it had no investments in the fossil fuel sector. (ncronline.org)
  • John Pawlikowski, a member of the climate action task force of the Parliament of the World's Religions, told Earthbeat in an email that they "welcome this prophetic action" by the Church of England to divest from fossil fuels, saying "Canterbury has taken the lead. (ncronline.org)
  • The Irish government has today passed legislation confirming it will become the first country in the world to fully divest from fossil fuels. (businessgreen.com)
  • The University of Cambridge aims to divest from all direct and indirect investments in fossil fuels by 2030 as part of the University's plan to cut its greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2038, more than a decade before the date set by the UK Government. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The University of Laval announced today that they will fully divest from fossil fuels. (350.org)
  • The announcement today that the Université Laval has publicly and formally committed to divest from fossil fuels is a win for students and for ULaval sans fossiles. (350.org)
  • While members of Fossil Free Yale - a student group pushing for Yale to divest - interviewed said the recent developments at Pitzer and Harvard mark important progress for the fossil fuel divestment movement, they added that the Yale community still has work to do to effect a similar outcome here. (yaledailynews.com)
  • Additionally, in the months ahead, ACIR will be considering and making recommendations to the Investment Committee regarding requests made by Divest Smith College to commit to no future fossil fuel direct holdings. (smith.edu)
  • It will also consider recommendations made by the Study Group on Climate Change to explore targeted opportunities for Smith to divest the endowment from fossil fuels in a manner that is consistent with Smith's tradition of prudent financial management and to increase impact investing. (smith.edu)
  • OXFORD - The head of a global philanthropic foundation says that the world turning away from fossil fuels is a critical moment in human history, akin to the abolition of slavery. (truthdig.com)
  • Renewable power investment continues to outperform fossil fuel investment across the globe, according to the latest research. (forbes.com)
  • Renewable power has a superior risk/return profile over fossil fuels both in periods of volatility and under normal conditions. (forbes.com)
  • The report, Clean Energy Investing: Global Comparison of Investment Returns said that listed renewable power portfolios have outperformed listed fossil fuel portfolios in all markets and that the cost of capital remains lower for renewable energy companies than fossil fuel companies. (forbes.com)
  • The report just published by the Centre for Climate Finance at Imperial College Business School and the International Energy Agency says that renewable power generated significantly higher total returns over the last ten years, at 422.7% against 59% for fossil fuels or over 7 times the return. (forbes.com)
  • Dr Charles Donovan, Executive Director of the Centre for Climate Finance & Investment at Imperial College Business School, said: "Our research demonstrates that all over the world renewable power has outperformed fossil fuels. (forbes.com)
  • Renewable energy is surpassing fossil fuels for the first time in new power-plant investments, shaking off setbacks from the financial crisis and an impasse at the United Nations global warming talks. (latimes.com)
  • Fossil Free Fuels: Trends in Renewable Energy examines several key topics, such as the utilization of biofuels as a sustainable renewable resource, recycling and untapped waste-to-energy products, and other carbon-neutral strategies in various industries, such as the transportation, construction, and manufacturing sectors. (routledge.com)
  • Welby noted that some progress has been made in shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy, "but not nearly enough. (ncronline.org)
  • The £3.5 billion Cambridge University Endowment Fund - one of the biggest of its kind in Europe - intends to ramp up investments in renewable energy as it divests from fossil fuels. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The long-term alternatives to fossil energy that have been discussed since the early 1970s are advanced energy efficient vehicles in combination with either biofuels in various forms or renewable electricity or hydrogen as fuels. (lu.se)
  • The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry (oil, gas, coal), as well as related industries like chemicals, plastics, aviation and other transportation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biggest battle for the movement is to change the minds of the investment bankers who are continuing to put their money into coal-powered plants, mines and other fossil fuel developments. (truthdig.com)
  • The zeal to replace fossil fuels, which take millions of years to form from dead organic matter, belies the failed efforts at the UN talks to broker a deal that would limit carbon dioxide emissions from coal and oil blamed for global warming. (latimes.com)
  • Major fossil fuel companies routinely make billion-dollar profits, extracting and distributing oil, gas, and coal. (ucsusa.org)
  • In addition to ending unfair advantages that benefit the fossil fuel industry and bilk taxpayers, the proposal will accelerate the country's move away from dirty oil, gas, and coal. (nrdc.org)
  • In total, the Biden Budget would eliminate more than a dozen such provisions that make it cheaper for oil, gas, and coal companies to develop and produce their destructive products and help ensure that on their way out, the fossil fuel industry will stop foisting the cost of their destruction onto the American public. (nrdc.org)
  • Over the past year, the European Union was the top buyer of Russia's fossil fuels, namely coal, oil and gas, according to the latest estimates by the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). (rt.com)
  • The Global Registry of Fossil Fuels includes data from over 50,000 oil, gas and coal fields in 89 countries, covering 75% of global reserves, production and emissions. (news4jax.com)
  • The International Energy Agency also maintains public data on oil, gas and coal, but it focuses on the demand for those fossil fuels, whereas the new database includes fuels still underground. (news4jax.com)
  • environmentalists cry, convinced that humanity's digging for coal, oil and gas, and our burning of these long dormant fuels to create energy, has propelled our planet into a hellscape of pollution. (spiked-online.com)
  • Of course even these fossil-bashing promises are not enough for the eco-doomsters who dominate so much of political and media discussion today, who are convinced that humanity's exposure of the evil black sludge of oil and coal has been an unmitigated disaster for the planet. (spiked-online.com)
  • The vast bulk of all the heat, electricity and fuel humankind needs in order to ward off the cold, create light, produce food, make and power machines, transport goods and essentials, power hospitals and generally protect itself from the vagaries and diseases of nature comes from the coal, oil and gas we are encouraged to loathe. (spiked-online.com)
  • Reporters approached the academics claiming to be representatives of unnamed fossil fuel companies - one, a Middle Eastern oil and gas exploration company, the other a coal mining firm based in Indonesia - looking to commission "independent" research. (theecologist.org)
  • Professor Frank Clemente, a sociologist from Penn State university, was asked if he could produce a report "to counter damaging research linking coal to premature deaths (in particular the World Health Organization's figure that 3.7 million people die per year from fossil fuel pollution)" . (theecologist.org)
  • Barclays remains Europe's biggest financier of fossil fuels and the seventh largest in the world, financing just over $118bn to the coal, oil and gas sectors in the four years since the Paris Agreement. (cityam.com)
  • After all the noise the bank has made over the last year, Barclays remains the biggest fossil fuel financier in Europe and the fifth biggest coal lender in the world. (cityam.com)
  • One prominent feature of President Biden's agenda on the environment is to target U.S. fossil fuel (e.g., oil, gas, and coal) producers and production with about $120 billion of new taxes over 10 years through repeal of so-called "tax breaks. (taxfoundation.org)
  • There is simply no basis to pretend that fossil fuel resources can be zero emissions and New York State, under the CLCPA, cannot support any incentives to that effect," said Mandy DeRoche, deputy managing attorney in the coal program at Earthjustice . (earthjustice.org)
  • Fossil fuels, such as petroleum and coal, naturally contain naphthalene. (cdc.gov)
  • Statisticians have a long way to go before they can say whether 2010 is the fossil fuel industry's worst in terms of fatalities or other measurements. (politico.com)
  • The fossil fuel industry's role in preventing climate action may come as a surprise to some. (ucsusa.org)
  • To avoid the most catastrophic effects of climate change, we need to revoke the fossil fuel industry's "social license" to continue to operate business as usual. (environmentamerica.org)
  • A growing number of investors understand that the fossil fuel industry's business model is incompatible with what scientists are telling us we must do to slow global warming. (environmentamerica.org)
  • The divestment report presents overwhelming evidence that the fossil-fuel industry's practices are not compatible with the University's position as a world-leading site of scientific research, or its stated mission to contribute to society. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Greenpeace, in its ' Point of No Return ' report, explained that 'in 2020, the emissions from the 14 projects showcased in this report -- if they were all to go ahead -- would raise global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 20% and keep the world on a path toward 5°C to 6°C of warming. (aol.com)
  • Acid rain gained attention in the 1960s and 1970s when scientists linked degradation of forest and aquatic ecosystems across the northeastern US and Europe to fossil fuel emissions from industrial centers often hundreds of kilometers away. (eurekalert.org)
  • The researchers predict that increasing trends will continue in many croplands around the world, including places like China and India that are still working to regulate fossil fuel emissions. (eurekalert.org)
  • For example, we have invested £31.5 million (12.8 per cent of our total investments) into Northern Trust's World Green Transition Index Fund, which not only screens out fossil fuel producers and the worst 10 per cent of companies by carbon emissions intensity, but also has a positive 'tilt' towards companies that generate 'green' revenue, such as energy efficiency and alternative energy. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • By investing in the shares of companies that are 'upstream' producers of fossil fuels, an institution is not directly producing emissions but it is knowingly investing in part of the causal chain that leads to the emissions, which in turn increases the likelihood of harms caused by climate change. (smh.com.au)
  • Again in Paris, El-Badri said he is a "firm believer" in the potential of technologies that reduce and ultimately eliminate harmful emissions associated with the burning of fossil fuels. (opec.org)
  • Instead of acknowledging the harmful effects of their products and committing to swift and deep reductions in global warming emissions, many of the world's largest fossil fuel companies have knowingly deceived the public about the climate science and policy-and they continue to do so today. (ucsusa.org)
  • Does that mean you'll get amazing fuel economy with zero emissions? (howstuffworks.com)
  • Crucially, they looked beyond policy measures designed to cut emissions, such as carbon trading and carbon taxes, and instead followed the fossil fuel shipments that impact communities - often marginalized communities - en route to warming the global climate. (opb.org)
  • On Monday, Sept. 19, the worlds first public database of fossil fuel production, reserves and emissions launches. (news4jax.com)
  • A first-of-its-kind database for tracking the world's fossil fuel production, reserves and emissions launched on Monday to coincide with climate talks taking place at the United Nations General Assembly in New York. (news4jax.com)
  • Several months ago, Fossil Free Yale recommended that Yale ask any fossil fuel companies it invests in to disclose the emissions they generate relative to their energy production, a metric designed by the Carbon Disclosure Project, to give Yale an empirical estimate of each company's impact on the climate. (yaledailynews.com)
  • Today 25 environmental and environmental justice groups filed a response pushing back against a petition by the Independent Power Producers of New York (IPPNY) that seeks to classify fossil gas-fired power plants and hydrogen combustion as zero-emissions power sources under the state's Clean Energy Standard. (earthjustice.org)
  • Relying on a false sense of urgency, the Petition urges the Commission to rush to adopt a deeply flawed definition of "zero emissions" - to refer to any resource that does not increase net emissions - that would result in electric customers subsidizing additional fossil fuel generation in tension with the mandates of CLCPA based on misplaced claims of climate mitigation. (earthjustice.org)
  • The conference was told that charities, trusts and banks that invested in renewables were getting a much higher return on their money than if they kept it in fossil fuels companies, so removing it was not an act of altruism but a sound business decision. (truthdig.com)
  • People in the fossil fuel industry claim that they are the only ones who can do this, she said, but renewables can do it faster and must do it in the next 15 years. (truthdig.com)
  • As well as renewables spending exceeding that on new fossil plants, last year also was the first time expenditure in developing countries, mainly China, exceeded that in the industrialized world, Sawyer said, predicting both trends will continue. (latimes.com)
  • We will then reach peak use of fossil fuels, not because we're running out of them but because renewables will have become so cheap that anyone needing a new energy supply will likely turn to solar or wind power. (countercurrents.org)
  • Providing energy for the overall economy ( oil and gas extraction) takes many thousands of workers involved in energy supply from fossil fuel sources and renewables. (cdc.gov)
  • New research article has found that the renewables and fossil fuels markets have both been influenced by major political effects - but in different ways. (lu.se)
  • Of course, these are just forecasts, which are always subject to change, but even if just half of what is expected today becomes a reality, one constant will remain - fossil fuels will continue to be of paramount importance to the world's economic wellbeing. (opec.org)
  • This has led to rapid expansion of these technologies, even though they are still used much less than fossil fuels: in 2017, for instance, sun and wind produced just 6 percent of the world's electric supply, but they made up 45 percent of the growth in supply, and the cost of sun and wind power continues to fall by about 20 percent with each doubling of capacity. (countercurrents.org)
  • Leaked documents show that the world's largest fossil fuel companies have deliberately deceived the public for nearly 30 years about the realities and risks of climate change. (ucsusa.org)
  • Subsidized fuel may seem cheap, but the world's poor cannot afford it. (bostonglobe.com)
  • There was already private data available for purchase, and analysis of the world's fossil fuel usage and reserves. (news4jax.com)
  • In their analysis, the developers found that the United States and Russia have enough fossil fuel underground to exhaust the world's remaining carbon budget. (news4jax.com)
  • Fossil fuels supply the vast majority of the world's energy . (spiked-online.com)
  • Despite growing pressure on governments and banks to focus energy financing towards greener paths, some the world's biggest banks have continued to increase their financing into companies active in the fossil fuel life cycle. (statista.com)
  • In a 2022 report released by the Rainforest Action Network (ran.org), 60 of the world's largest banks put approximately 4.58 trillion U.S. dollars into financing fossil fuel companies between 2016 and 2021. (statista.com)
  • We formed the Socially Responsible Investment Review Committee following the Fossil Free KCL campaign in 2016 and made a commitment to partial divestment and full divestment the following year. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • As of Dec. 31, 2016, the Smith College endowment had a total fossil fuels exposure of 6.6 percent. (smith.edu)
  • The American Petroleum Institute is a powerful industry lobbyist for Big Oil with significant clout in Washington, D.C. In 2022, the Guardian criticized the presence of major fossil fuel companies at global forums for decision making, like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Paris Climate Agreement negotiations, the Plastic and other international forums. (wikipedia.org)
  • She said that while fossil fuel company executives had "changed their rhetoric" since the UN climate conference in Paris last December and accepted that climate change was a problem, their actions remained the same - carrying on business as usual, trying to expand the use of fossil fuels, and pushing the planet towards heating up by 3°C to 4°C. (truthdig.com)
  • Divesting from companies that produce fossil fuels continues to be one of the key demands of the climate change movement. (smh.com.au)
  • Divestment campaigners say their cause has economic merit because in a carbon-constrained future where governments impose tough climate change policies, fossil fuel assets will become redundant. (smh.com.au)
  • The former vice president was confronted at CNN's climate change town hall on Wednesday night over his ties to a former fossil fuel executive. (insider.com)
  • Unfortunately, fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) when burnt-and CO 2 is the main driver of climate change. (ucsusa.org)
  • More than 50 years ago , scientists at major fossil fuel companies considered how climate change should factor into decisions about new fossil fuel extraction. (ucsusa.org)
  • Even today, industry trade groups and associations spread disinformation on climate change, while corporate lobbyists influence politicians and regulators-all with the financial backing and support of major fossil fuel companies. (ucsusa.org)
  • Divestment is the start of a process of reducing the tremendous influence of the fossil fuel industry on our political system and thereby making it possible to win government action on climate change. (commondreams.org)
  • First, is to raise public awareness of climate change and the responsibility of fossil companies. (commondreams.org)
  • Second, is to stigmatize or delegitimize the fossil fuel industry by calling them out as bad actors, weakening them politically, and thereby helping win government action on climate change. (commondreams.org)
  • Many approaches have been undertaken to mitigate global climate change, including the movement away from fossil fuels. (routledge.com)
  • The decision, made public June 22, makes the nearly 500-year-old Church of England perhaps the largest and most recognizable faith institution to publicly declare it is divesting from fossil fuels due to growing concerns around climate change and the threats it poses to life and the planet. (ncronline.org)
  • In recent years, Welby has joined other religious leaders, including Pope Francis , in calling the global community to a more urgent response to climate change, including a just transition from the era of fossil fuels to clean energy. (ncronline.org)
  • At a time when new, real leadership on climate change is so needed, it is heartening to see the University of Laval take this step away from the fossil fuel industry. (350.org)
  • While the Yale Corporation has yet to announce a decision on whether Yale will take steps toward divesting its endowment from the fossil fuel industry, other universities across the nation are moving forward with combatting climate change. (yaledailynews.com)
  • Though Harvard University decided against divesting its $32 billion endowment from the fossil fuel industry in October, it became a signatory last week to both to the Carbon Disclosure Project's (CDP) climate change program and to the United Nations-supported Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) - a network of international investors with a set of voluntary principles that provide a framework for integrating environmental, social and governance factors into investment analysis. (yaledailynews.com)
  • Our research reveals that professors at prestigious universities can be sponsored by foreign fossil fuel companies to write reports that sow doubt about climate change, and that those professors will keep that funding secret from the public. (theecologist.org)
  • The revelations also follow a series of reports showing fossil fuel companies burying the truth about climate change, while funding flawed research to cast doubt on the scientific consensus. (theecologist.org)
  • But it's equally clear that to continue to consume fossil fuels at current levels will result in tremendous damage from global warming, as the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change makes painfully clear. (cnbc.com)
  • The petition aims to have New York taxpayers subsidize existing fossil-fuel power plants, which would continue to produce air pollution that exacerbates climate change and disproportionately harms the health of disadvantaged communities. (earthjustice.org)
  • The need to drastically reduce fossil energy due to climate change is currently the most pressing driver for the search for alternatives with an internal EU target to completely phase out fossil energy in the transport sector by 2050. (lu.se)
  • The health sector and fiscal policies of fossil fuels: an essential alignment for the health and climate change agenda. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, climate change and air pollution, a major NCD risk factor, share a common key driver (fossil fuels). (who.int)
  • Society Organizations, to establish a comprehensive approach that also addresses the root causes of climate change and air pollution and aims to reduce the use of fossil fuels. (who.int)
  • Ahead of the Paris Climate Conference, institutions controlling about $1 trillion in funds worldwide had divested at least some of their fossil fuel assets, according to green campaigners. (smh.com.au)
  • Divestment campaigners are demanding not just that fossil fuel companies modify their practices but that they cease being companies. (smh.com.au)
  • Green campaigners speak of fossil fuels in the same fearful, besmirching tones that medieval Christians would have used when speaking of Beelzebub. (spiked-online.com)
  • Since making a commitment to our full divestment target in 2017, we have steadily reduced our exposure to fossil fuels from 7.3 per cent in 2017 to zero in 2021. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • They could eventually replace fossil fuels. (insider.com)
  • Big Oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, TotalEnergies, Chevron Corporation, and ConocoPhillips are among the largest corporations associated with the fossil fuels lobby. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mark Campanale, founder and director of the Carbon Tracker Initiative , which has demonstrated that most fossil fuel reserves must be left in the ground if the planet is to escape dangerous overheating, said that most of the "assets" of fossil fuel companies could not be extracted at a profit unless the oil price rose above $50 to $60 dollars a barrel. (truthdig.com)
  • Another argument suggests that the shares in fossil fuel companies will likely be bought at a discount by other less scrupulous investors, including private ones who are not subject to the same pressures as publicly listed companies or publicly owned institutions. (smh.com.au)
  • JPMorgan alone had put in $75 billion into financing fossil fuel companies, according to an analysis from the Guardian and Rainforest Action Network. (insider.com)
  • Across the world, fossil fuel companies face a wave of new lawsuits for their role in the climate crisis. (ucsusa.org)
  • They look at the economics and correctly conclude that divestment does not financially hurt fossil companies. (commondreams.org)
  • There is no research showing that divestment directly financially harms fossil fuel companies or changes their behavior. (commondreams.org)
  • Of course, government action promoting clean energy and restricting fossil fuel projects, and possibly reduced bank financing will ultimately greatly harm fossil fuel companies, but this will come about due to the political effects of divestment, rather than direct financial impacts. (commondreams.org)
  • Despite their wealth, fossil fuel companies have long benefitted, at the taxpayer's expense, from a host of special tax benefits in the U.S. tax code that lower the cost of doing business and raise their profits. (nrdc.org)
  • Foreign Oil and Gas Income Exemption: This giveaway allows oil companies to avoid income taxes generated from refining, transportation and distribution of dirty fuels generated overseas. (nrdc.org)
  • Created more than a century ago, this special tax advantage for the fossil fuel industry allows independent oil and gas companies to immediately deduct all the costs of exploring for and developing an oil well. (nrdc.org)
  • Instead of allowing deductions based on the money invested in a well over its lifetime, this loophole allows fossil fuel companies to deduct 15 percent of their gross income from production. (nrdc.org)
  • Oil prices ranging from zero to $20 a barrel also force investors and executives to confront deeper issues about fossil fuel companies. (politico.com)
  • It's not only private investors who may suffer from these tectonic shifts: Plenty of large fossil fuel companies are owned by governments. (politico.com)
  • That's why we're working to convince more investors to help create a fossil fuel-free future by divesting from the companies that are destroying our planet. (environmentamerica.org)
  • At McGill University, after four years of campaigning, our Principal is still convinced that fossil fuel companies do not cause grave social injury. (350.org)
  • By the end of this year, Pitzer will sell about $4.4 million in fossil fuel related investments, mainly in oil and gas companies, from the school's $125 million endowment. (yaledailynews.com)
  • Investigative reporters working for Greenpeace UK's Energydesk have uncovered a nexus of senior academics willing to accept large sums of money from fossil fuel companies to write reports and newspaper articles published under their own names and university affiliations, without declaring the funding. (theecologist.org)
  • A Greenpeace undercover investigation has exposed how fossil fuel companies can secretly pay academics at leading American universities to write research that sows doubt about climate science and promotes the companies' commercial interests. (theecologist.org)
  • The investigation revealed that Soon had accepted donations from fossil fuel companies and anonymous donors in return for producing climate-sceptic scientific papers. (theecologist.org)
  • The individuals approached have previously been linked to fossil fuel companies or climate sceptic organisations that have received fossil fuel funding. (theecologist.org)
  • In 2021, BNP Paribas' total financing to companies active across the fossil fuel life cycle decreased considerably from the previous year. (statista.com)
  • Raising taxes on U.S. production and ownership of fossil fuel, both domestically and abroad, mainly disadvantages U.S. companies and workers in favor of foreign suppliers. (taxfoundation.org)
  • All major fuel and vehicle companies are today engaged in exploring sustainable transport solutions and most of the alternatives regarded as futuristic in the 1980s are today for sale as standard options. (lu.se)
  • The article concludes that while the impacts of the Paris Agreement and the Biden election on the stock prices of fossil fuel companies are significant, they are not of a magnitude that should instigate concerns about a total collapse of financial systems due to stranded assets. (lu.se)
  • Sustainalink is a matchmaker between students and companies, check out their web page sv /en and take the chance to contact them with your cv. (lu.se)
  • The lobby is known for exploiting international crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, to try to roll back existing regulations or justify new fossil fuel development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the launch of its military operation in Ukraine in February 2022, Russia has earned over $315 billion from international sales of its fossil fuels, with $149 billion, about half of the total, coming from EU member states. (rt.com)
  • Lobbies are active in most fossil-fuel intensive economies with democratic governance, with reporting on the lobbies most prominent in Canada, Australia, the United States and Europe, however the lobbies are present in many parts of the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, according to a statement from Imperial, "Annualised volatility was lower than fossil fuel portfolios in the Global and Advanced economies and higher than the fossil fuel portfolios in China and Emerging Markets & Developing Economies. (forbes.com)
  • They can get a sense of the role fossil fuel production has played in different economies. (news4jax.com)
  • The energy crisis triggered by Russia's inexcusable aggression against Ukraine has focused attention on the vast amounts of fossil fuels that economies in Europe and around the world rely on to continue functioning day to day. (cnbc.com)
  • The point of the divestment movement is to shift opinion across a range of fronts against fossil fuels. (smh.com.au)
  • Publicly, fossil-fuel corporations say that they support the Paris Agreement aiming to limit global warming below 2 °C in 2100. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ellen Dorsey, executive director of the US-based Wallace Global Fund , told a packed conference in Oxford, UK, this week: "We are right in the middle of a transition - not to try to curb the burning of the fuels, but to end the fossil fuel industry altogether. (truthdig.com)
  • According to the IEA, fossil fuels will still account for 54% of global electricity production in 2040 - with global electricity demand set to rise by 80% in that time, this would demand a combined investment of $A19.7 trillion to meet capacity. (insider.com)
  • In Anhui, China, two giant solar farms - one of which will go online in May - are part of the global shift away from energy generated from fossil fuels. (insider.com)
  • All forecasts point to fossil fuels continuing to satisfy the lion's share of global energy demand in the years ahead. (opec.org)
  • But it will always fly the flag for the continuing use of fossil fuels - particularly oil and gas - which are proven to be essential for the future welfare of the global economy and mankind in general. (opec.org)
  • Their concerns echoed the latest science of the time, which showed an increasing link between fossil fuels and global warming. (ucsusa.org)
  • The climate crisis is increasingly dire, and it is past time for a global reckoning on fossil fuels. (nrdc.org)
  • Paris) - Governments negotiating a Global Plastics Treaty should ensure that it addresses the role of fossil fuels in plastic production and includes human rights protections, Human Rights Watch said today. (hrw.org)
  • Against the odds, and even their own expectations, activists have fended off more than 20 proposals to use West Coast ports to expand the global fossil fuel trade - the carbon equivalent of five Keystone XL pipelines, according to the Seattle-based Sightline Institute. (opb.org)
  • According to the 2020 Statistical Review of World Energy , no less than 84 per cent of global energy comes from fossil fuels. (spiked-online.com)
  • There has been a dramatic increase in funding for alternative energy research during the 1970s and thereafter combined with several policy initiatives to financially support alternatives during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000, still the use of fossil energy for transport has continued to grow and represent more than 95% of global energy use in the transport sector. (lu.se)
  • The global energy system is still dependent on fossil fuels, but it has become necessary to change this system immediately. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of the carbon station is for all visitors to have an experience that burning fossil fuels is the cause of the global warming that is currently taking place, and that the contribution of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is small but significant, compared to the natural processes. (lu.se)
  • The carbon station consists of models of natural carbon cycles, an oil pump, fossil-free energy sources, carbon dioxide lowering measures and an (annoying) volcano. (lu.se)
  • With the announcement, Pitzer College became the first higher-education institution in Southern California to commit to divesting its endowment of fossil fuel stocks. (yaledailynews.com)
  • Through mining activities, including fossil fuel extraction as well as synthesis of fertilizers and pesticides, sulfur is brought into air, land, and water systems. (eurekalert.org)
  • The plastic life cycle begins with oil and gas extraction as 99 percent of plastics are made from fossil fuels, which are the primary driver of the climate crisis. (hrw.org)
  • Mark Campanale, founder of Carbon Tracker, said he hopes the registry will empower groups to hold governments accountable, for example, when they issue licenses for fossil fuel extraction. (news4jax.com)
  • We cannot wait for economic pressure to make new fossil fuel projects unprofitable-governments can stop permitting new projects now . (commondreams.org)
  • Governments need to make sure that the new treaty addresses the ultimate source of plastic pollution, which is the production of fossil fuels. (hrw.org)
  • Governments need to work toward a binding legal instrument that addresses the role of fossil fuels in plastic production and includes human rights protections for workers and others whose health is harmed by plastics. (hrw.org)
  • They can simulate transitioning away from fossil fuels under four scenarios: continuing current trends, governments keeping pledges they've made, governments following sustainable development goals set by the United Nations, and the world achieving net zero by 2050. (news4jax.com)
  • The great and the good have spent the past fortnight at COP26 wondering out loud when fossil fuels might be phased out. (spiked-online.com)
  • Two descendants of the Rockefeller and Getty capitalist dynasties wrote a piece for the Guardian on the eve of COP26 titled: 'Fossil fuels made our families rich. (spiked-online.com)
  • The race to tackle the plastic crisis and prevent a climate catastrophe requires every country to tackle these problems at their common source by urgently phasing out fossil fuels," Rall said. (hrw.org)
  • He's currently "new energy strategist" for a small British think tank called Carbon Tracker, and last fall he published a short paper called "2020 Vision: Why You Should See the Fossil Fuel Peak Coming. (countercurrents.org)
  • Between January and September 2020, Barclays financed another $24bn to fossil fuels, an increase on the equivalent time period the previous year. (cityam.com)
  • Earlier this week, the University of British Columbia announced that 1% of its 1.4 billion dollar Endowment will be put into a fossil free fund. (350.org)
  • We write to update the campus community on the status of the college's endowment with regard to fossil fuels. (smith.edu)
  • We believe that the fossil fuel industry is responsible for the worsening climate impacts you see in the news. (350.org)
  • Based on earlier technological transitions-horses to cars, sails to steam, land lines to cell phones-it seems possible that the fossil fuel industry may begin to weaken much sooner than you'd think. (countercurrents.org)
  • The fossil fuel industry is looking forward to 2011. (politico.com)
  • Nationwide over 3,700 politicians have signed a pledge not to take campaign contributions from the fossil fuel industry, including most notably President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris. (commondreams.org)
  • President Biden has delivered a budget to Congress that would end a raft of special tax giveaways to the fossil fuel industry. (nrdc.org)
  • Thus, it is incredibly encouraging to see university administrators in Canada finally side with science and students over the fossil fuel industry. (350.org)
  • es on the U.S. fossil fuel industry. (taxfoundation.org)
  • Internal Revenue Service data does not indicate any substantial tax preference for the fossil fuel industry, rather indicating the industry pays relatively high levels of tax. (taxfoundation.org)
  • and subject the U.S. fossil fuel industry to additional layers of tax not faced by other industries in the U.S. or abroad. (taxfoundation.org)
  • To stave off even more disastrous consequences, it is clear that we must reduce our fossil fuel consumption and transition to a clean energy economy. (environmentamerica.org)
  • The last thing New Yorkers want or need is a cynical attempt to green-wash unproven and polluting technologies that keep us dependent on fossil fuel infrastructure and natural gas. (earthjustice.org)
  • By focusing on taxing U.S. producers, foreign producers of fossil fuel would benefit, causing the U.S. economy to become more heavily reliant on imports and foreign, often state-owned, producers from countries like Saudi Arabia, Russia, and China. (taxfoundation.org)
  • The search for alternatives to fossil energy started seriously in the 1970s in the wake of the first oil embargo. (lu.se)
  • IEEFA condemned BlackRock's fossil fuel investments and said it 'fails to systematically protect its investors from key long-term investment risks. (insider.com)
  • He told City A.M. that "investors are increasingly astute at seeing through the greenwash and we expect them to take responsibility for supporting Barclays to genuinely curb its exposure to all fossil fuels. (cityam.com)
  • A growing number of investors are waking up to the risk and moving their money out of fossil fuel stocks. (sustainablebusiness.com)
  • With or without the Clean Power Plan, the economics of alternatives to fossil-based fuels are making inroads in the utility plan," Patton said. (brianmclaren.net)
  • To visualise this, a group of Loughborough University researchers have compiled a gallery of images revealing the surprising items we use every day that are sourced from fossil fuels - and the alternatives we might replace them with. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Lead exhibitor, Sandie Dann , Professor in Materials Chemistry at Loughborough said: "Petrochemicals derived from fossil fuel sources are baked into much of the world around us, but science can offer us alternatives. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • This provides a strong signal regarding the decline of fossil fuel investment. (forbes.com)
  • And the managed decline of fossil fuels needs to be conducted in a fair and just way that provides sufficient support for affected communities. (cnbc.com)
  • Taxing consumption of fossil fuels, rather than domestic production, would be a more neutral approach. (taxfoundation.org)
  • Fossil fuel production, as well as combustion, is a dirty business. (politico.com)
  • One downside to fossil fuels is that farmland that could be used for food production is instead used to grow fuel. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Fossil fuel production makes up a small part of the region's job base. (opb.org)
  • I like the emphasis on transparency in fossil fuel production and reserves, down to specific projects. (news4jax.com)
  • Norway is also playing a leading role in the deployment of technologies that can limit the environmental impact of fossil fuel production such as by preventing leaks of methane and through electrification. (cnbc.com)
  • F ermentation waste to nail varnish remover - Acetone is a by-product of fossil fuel production. (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Fossil fuels remain abundant and are necessary for our future, just as they have been an essential part of our past. (opec.org)
  • Abundant and low cost fossil energy has powered the transport system ever since motorization at the beginning of the 1900s. (lu.se)
  • Others, such as Jeffrey Sachs, professor of economics and leader in sustainable development, argue a focus on the inconsistency of owning fossil fuel shares with an institution's other values. (smh.com.au)
  • These dug-up fossils are 'fuelling the apocalypse', academics claim . (spiked-online.com)
  • Bond writes that in the 2020s-probably the early 2020s-the demand for fossil fuels will stop growing. (countercurrents.org)
  • Demand that fossil fuel CEOs stop fueling forest fires. (ucsusa.org)
  • The first thing to note about the demand that we 'keep fossil fuels in the ground' is just how staggeringly obtuse and callous it is. (spiked-online.com)
  • Increasing demand for rare raw materials for batteries, electric motors and fuel cells could cause several problems associated with mining. (lu.se)
  • Such is his conviction that he does not foresee any scenario in which non-fossil fuels could come even close to overtaking fossil fuels in the decades ahead. (opec.org)
  • L ast month Venezuela increased the price of gas 6,000 percent, the first time the country has raised fuel prices in two decades. (bostonglobe.com)
  • Norway realizes that the writing is on the wall for fossil fuels in the coming decades. (cnbc.com)
  • We are delighted to announce that as of the start of 2021, King's has fully divested from all fossil fuels. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The fossil fuel sector that received the most financing from BNP Paribas in 2021 were expansion projects. (statista.com)
  • There is something genuinely bizarre, if not outright perverse, about a world in which we are educated in schools and instructed by the political class to feel fear and hatred for the fuels that underpin almost every facet of our lives. (spiked-online.com)
  • What would a world without fossil fuels look like? (lboro.ac.uk)
  • Wednesday's home rule petition on joining the fossil fuel ban pilot originated from Mayor Michelle Wu, who unveiled the legislation last month. (wgbh.org)
  • Incentivizing the burning of fossil fuels, as IPPNY's petition seeks, will harm the climate and threaten public health, particularly in environmental justice communities that often bear the brunt of fossil fuel infrastructure. (earthjustice.org)
  • Fossil fuels gifted us the wealth, comfort and liberties we in the West enjoy, and they're doing the same right now for emerging countries like China, India and Brazil. (spiked-online.com)
  • Fossil fuels will need to supply more than three-quarters of the energy mix by 2040," he told delegates at an oil conference in Paris in April. (opec.org)
  • If passed, the resolution will require the company to set further and improved short-, medium-, and long-term targets, to phase out its provision of financial services to fossil fuels, in timelines consistent with the Paris Agreement. (cityam.com)
  • The conference discussed the main barriers to getting backers and investment funds to shift up to $100 trillion out of fossil fuels. (truthdig.com)
  • This, he said, compared with a mere 22 per cent share for non-fossil fuel energy. (opec.org)
  • Further options are now appearing on the horizon such as solar fuels derived from capturing CO 2 in the air using solar energy. (lu.se)
  • In spite of the great advances, the scale and complexity of replacing fossil energy in the transport system is huge. (lu.se)
  • The work is anchored around 4 transformative energy revolutions: mastery of fire, invention of farming, regular transatlantic crossings, and harnessing fossil fuels. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite our years of campaigning, universities like Dalhousie have now lost the opportunity to be leaders in fossil fuel divestment. (350.org)
  • Over five years the performance is lower but still more than 3 times higher than fossil fuels. (forbes.com)
  • King's College London has fully divested from all fossil fuels almost two years ahead of schedule. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • I am delighted to announce that King's has fully divested from fossil fuels, two years in advance of our original target. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Over recent years, the Venezuelan government has footed more than 90 percent of the bill for its country's fossil fuel use, meaning that citizens have had to pay only about 10 cents for a gallon of gas. (bostonglobe.com)
  • In the Treasury Department's Green Book, under the heading "eliminate fossil fuel tax preferences," 13 current-law provisions would be repealed or replaced, raising $35 billion over 10 years. (taxfoundation.org)
  • A handful of other cities across the nation have taken similar steps to ban fossil fuels in new buildings within the next several years. (wgbh.org)
  • A biofuel is any fuel source that's made from biological materials. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Asking a company whose business is exploring for and extracting fossil fuels to stop doing what they exist to do is pointless. (smh.com.au)
  • Mount Allison University should feel deeply ashamed and embarrassed, in light of this news, for dismissing its opportunity to be the first university to commit to fossil fuel divestment. (350.org)
  • Those corporations that continue to invest in new fossil fuel exploration, new fossil fuel exploitation, are really in flagrant breach of their fiduciary duty because the science is abundantly clear that this is something we can no longer do. (wikipedia.org)
  • Students and alumni at Tufts University protest near the Tufts University presidents office in Medford, Massachusetts on April 22, 2015 and began a sit-in that they said will continue until the administration commits to fossil fuel divestment. (commondreams.org)
  • The resolution's supporting statement notes how, without further targets and restrictions on fossil fuel investment, Barclays will "continue to expose itself and its shareholders to unnecessary and unacceptable financial, reputational, policy and legal risks, identified by the G20 Financial Stability Board's Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. (cityam.com)