Fertility agents female. Medical search

Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.

Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

A method of providing future reproductive opportunities before a medical treatment with known risk of loss of fertility. Typically reproductive organs or tissues (e.g., sperm, egg, embryos and ovarian or testicular tissues) are cryopreserved for future use before the medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation) begins.

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.

Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The female reproductive organs. The external organs include the VULVA; BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS; and CLITORIS. The internal organs include the VAGINA; UTERUS; OVARY; and FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.

Human behavior or decision related to REPRODUCTION.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

Sexual activities of animals.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic appearance of the endometrium. (1/352)

The rapid development of ultrasonographic equipment now permits instantaneous assessment of follicles and endometrium. The sonographic appearance of the endometrium has been discussed in relation to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. However, a generally agreed view of the relationship of the sonographic appearance to fecundity in IVF cycles has not emerged. We have studied the relationship between steroid receptors and the sonographic appearance of the preovulatory endometrium in natural cycles and ovulation induction cycles. Preovulatory endometrial thickness was not found to be indicative of fecundity, although a preovulatory endometrial thickness of <9 mm related to an elevated miscarriage rate. The preovulatory endometrial echo pattern did not predict fecundity. No relationships were found among endometrial appearance, endometrial steroid receptors and steroid hormone concentrations in serum. Oestrogen or progesterone receptor concentrations were not related to endometrial thickness or to concentrations of serum oestradiol, the only significant correlation being found between the endometrial concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors. The ratio of progesterone:oestrogen receptor concentration was somewhat less in echo pattern B (not triple line) endometrium compared with pattern A (triple line) endometrium. Oestrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations appeared stable on gonadotrophin induction, though fewer numbers were found during clomiphene cycles than in natural cycles. With regard to the distribution of receptor concentration between clomiphene and natural cycles, most women using clomiphene had very low oestrogen receptor populations. Pregnancy rates were low, in spite of high ovulatory rates during clomiphene treatment and were mainly related to low oestrogen receptor concentrations in preovulatory endometrium. (+info)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection after follicle stimulation with highly purified human follicle-stimulating hormone compared with human menopausal gonadotropin. (2/352)

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to compare oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo quality after pituitary down-regulation and ovarian stimulation with highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG). METHODS: Fifty-five patients 37 years of age or younger who were undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were evaluated retrospectively. In all cases, male factor was the only indication for treatment, with no female-related factors identified. Following pituitary down-regulation, patients were stimulated with hMG (n = 20) or highly purified FSH (n = 35). Main outcome measures included ovarian response to stimulation, oocyte maturity, and ICSI fertilization results. Secondary outcome measures included pregnancy rates and outcome. RESULTS: The ovarian response to stimulation was similar for the two groups, as were the percentage of metaphase II oocytes, fertilization and cleavage rates, and number and quality of transferred and cryopreserved embryos. Cycle outcome was comparable. CONCLUSIONS: In normogonadotropic subjects, monocomponent therapy with highly purified FSH is as effective as hMG in stimulating ovarian follicular development, synchronization of oocyte maturation, and IVF-ICSI outcome. Our findings support the conclusion that the luteinizing hormone component in the stimulation protocol is unnecessary. (+info)

Endometrial evaluation is not predictive for in vitro fertilization treatment. (3/352)

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate ovarian function by clomiphene citrate (CC) challenge test in a group of tubal infertile women and to study endometrial morphological maturation in the early luteal phase of CC-stimulated cycles as compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four women presented with strongly retarded, proliferative endometrium in the luteal phase. Of these, three presented with impaired ovarian function, high basal follicle-stimulating hormone, and high follicle-stimulating hormone levels after clomiphene stimulation on cycle day 10. In the remaining 30 women, showing an in-phase endometrium after CC stimulation, a comparison of six morphological characteristics did not reveal any significant differences between the 14 women who did become pregnant and the 16 who did not. No significant differences in endometrial thickness were observed between the groups. Significant differences were found when comparing estradiol and progesterone area under the curve during the luteal phase (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) between those who did and those who did not become pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: Luteal endometrium morphology was not a sharp instrument to detect differences between women who did and women who did not become pregnant following IVF treatment, while ovarian function, as measured by hormonal markers, seemed to be a more reliable prognostic factor for IVF treatment outcome. (+info)

A comparison of three gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues in an in-vitro fertilization programme: a prospective randomized study. (4/352)

The use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) has resulted in improved pregnancy rates in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycles. Traditionally, short-acting analogues have been employed because of concerns over long-acting depot preparations causing profound suppression and luteal phase defects adversely affecting pregnancy and miscarriage rates. We randomized 60 IVF patients to receive a short-acting GnRHa, nafarelin or buserelin, or to receive a depot formulation, leuprorelin, all commenced in the early follicular phase and compared their effects on hormonal suppression and clinical outcome. We found that on day 15 of administration there was a significant difference in the suppression of oestradiol from initial concentrations, when patients on buserelin were compared with patients on nafarelin or leuprorelin (54 versus 72 and 65%; P < 0.05) and also in the number of patients satisfactorily suppressed, (80 versus 90 and 90%; P < 0.05), though there were no differences between the analogues by day 21. Similarly there was no difference in hormonal suppression during the stimulation phase or in implantation, pregnancy or miscarriage rates in comparing the three agonists. We conclude that with nafarelin and leuprorelin, stimulation with gonadotrophins may begin after 2 weeks of suppression and that long-acting GnRHa are as effective as short-acting analogues with no detrimental effects on the luteal phase. (+info)

Evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in amenorrhoeic women with insulin-dependent diabetes. (5/352)

Diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of secondary hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. In amenorrhoeic women with insulin-dependent diabetes a derangement in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis has been proposed. No data exist on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in these women. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), metoclopramide and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) tests were performed in 15 diabetic women, eight amenorrhoeic (AD) and seven eumenorrhoeic (ED). Frequent blood samples were taken during 24 h to evaluate cortisol plasma concentrations. There were no differences between the groups in body mass index, duration of diabetes, insulin dose and metabolic control. The AD women had lower plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, oestradiol, androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) than the ED women. The responses of pituitary gonadotrophins to GnRH, and of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to TRH, were similar in both groups. The AD women had a lower prolactin response to TRH and metoclopramide, and lower ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH, than the ED women. Mean cortisol concentrations > 24 h were higher in the amenorrhoeic group. Significant differences in cortisol concentrations from 2400 to 1000 h were found between the two groups. Insulin-dependent diabetes may involve mild chronic hypercortisolism which may affect metabolic control. Stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis would increase hypothalamic secretion of CRH. This would lead directly and perhaps also indirectly by increasing dopaminergic tonus to inhibition of GnRH secretion and hence hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. Amenorrhoea associated with metabolically controlled insulin-dependent diabetes is a form of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea that requires pharmacological and psychological management. (+info)

Is there a difference in the function of granulosa-luteal cells in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization either with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist? (6/352)

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates gonadotrophin release. It has been shown that GnRH may have a direct effect on the ovary, as the addition of GnRH to granulosa cell cultures inhibits the production of progesterone and oestradiol. Specific GnRH receptors have been found to be present in rat and human granulosa cells. Desensitization of the pituitary by GnRH agonist has become common in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, usually by a long protocol of 2-3 weeks. With the introduction of GnRH antagonists, which produce an immediate blockage of the GnRH receptors, a much shorter exposure is needed of 3-6 days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a GnRH agonist (buserelin) and a GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) on the function of granulosa cells cultured in vitro from IVF patients. Women were treated by IVF randomized either to have buserelin nasal spray from the luteal phase in the previous cycle or cetrorelix from day 6 of the cycle. Both groups had ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) 150 IU daily, i.e. HCG was administered when the follicles were larger than 17 mm, and aspirated 36 h later. Granulosa cells, separated and washed from large follicles containing ova, were pooled. After 48 h of pre-incubation, the granulosa cells were cultured for 4 days in medium with either added testosterone or cAMP with or without HCG, with change of medium after 2 days. The progesterone and oestradiol concentrations in the culture medium were measured by immunological assay, and cellular protein was measured by microprotein assay. The results showed that granulosa cells from women treated with GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) responded earlier to the in-vitro hormone stimulation in terms of progesterone accumulation than women treated with the GnRH agonist (buserelin). This may have been due to difference in time of exposure to the analogue. The results may indicate that the luteal function is less impaired in GnRH antagonist treatment than in GnRH agonist treatment. (+info)

The value of basal serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol concentrations following pituitary down-regulation in predicting ovarian response to stimulation with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone. (7/352)

The value of gonadotrophin and oestradiol concentrations following pituitary down-regulation with leuprolide acetate in predicting ovarian response to stimulation was evaluated in three groups of women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Leuprolide acetate was started in the midluteal phase, and either stopped at menses (IVF-SL group, n = 3), or continued throughout stimulation (IVF-LL group, n = 38; oocyte donors, n = 58). Ovarian stimulation was started on cycle day 3, after blood was drawn for down-regulated FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestradiol. Higher down-regulated LH was predictive of higher oestradiol on day 5 of stimulation in both IVF groups, and of need for fewer ampoules in the IVF-LL group, but not of oestradiol on day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration or number of oocytes retrieved. Higher FSH after down-regulation predicted yield of fewer oocytes in the donor and IVF-LL groups, and higher oestradiol on day 5 of stimulation, need for fewer ampoules and a shorter duration of therapy in both IVF groups. Higher oestradiol after down-regulation was associated with higher oestradiol on day 5 of stimulation and on day of HCG administration, a shorter duration of therapy and need for fewer ampoules in all groups. Whereas these results do not ascribe any predictive significance to LH, they suggest that oestradiol and FSH concentrations after down-regulation are predictive of the pattern of ovarian response to stimulation and of oocyte yield. (+info)

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle. (8/352)

The aim of this study was to test whether ovulation from an ovary affects the health of oocytes from dominant follicles in that ovary two cycles later. A total of 80 women each with two intact ovaries underwent 270 treatment cycles (155 natural cycles and 115 clomiphene citrate cycles) all showing unilateral ovulation. The results from the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment were grouped according to whether ovulation (O) or anovulation (A) (no ovulation) was observed in the ovary with dominant follicle during the treatment cycle in the previous two cycles: O-O, A-O, O-A and A-A (previous second cycle-previous first cycle). The rate of pre-embryo formation in A-A was significantly higher than that of O-A. The pregnancy rate in A-A (29%) was also higher than those of O-A (13%), A-O (9%) and O-O (5%). These rates increased from O-O to A-A as the number of previous ovulations in an ovary decreased. The presence of a corpus luteum and/or a dominant follicle is likely to exert local negative effects on the health of the oocyte contained in the follicle selected to ovulate up to two cycles later. Anovulations in an ovary for two menstrual cycles may therefore provide improved conditions for the development of a healthier oocyte with an increased pregnancy potential. (+info)

Fertility agents for males are medications or supplements that are used to improve male fertility. They can work by increasing sperm count, improving sperm motility (movement), and enhancing overall sperm quality. Some examples of male fertility agents include:

1. Clomiphene citrate: This medication is typically used to treat infertility in women, but it can also be prescribed off-label for men with low sperm counts. It works by stimulating the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are important for sperm production.
2. Gonadotropins: These are hormones that can be given as injections to stimulate the testicles to produce more testosterone and sperm. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) are examples of gonadotropins used for male fertility treatment.
3. Antioxidants: Certain antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, and L-carnitine, have been shown to improve sperm quality by reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage in sperm cells.
4. Herbal supplements: Some herbs, such as tribulus terrestris, maca root, and ashwagandha, are believed to boost male fertility by increasing testosterone levels and improving sperm count and motility. However, their effectiveness is not well-established, and they should be used with caution under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
5. Varicocele repair: In some cases, a varicocele (dilated vein in the scrotum) can contribute to male infertility by increasing the temperature around the testicles and impairing sperm production. Surgical repair of a varicocele may be recommended to improve fertility.

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any fertility treatment, as these agents may have side effects or interact with other medications. A thorough evaluation of male fertility factors, such as hormone levels, semen analysis, and physical examination, should be performed to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.

Fertility agents, also known as fertility drugs or medications, are substances that are used to enhance or restore fertility in individuals who are having difficulty conceiving a child. These agents work by affecting various aspects of the reproductive system, such as stimulating ovulation, enhancing sperm production, or improving the quality and quantity of eggs produced by the ovaries.

There are several types of fertility agents available, including:

1. Ovulation Inducers: These medications are used to stimulate ovulation in women who do not ovulate regularly or at all. Examples include clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and letrozole (Femara).
2. Gonadotropins: These hormones are administered to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs during a single menstrual cycle. Examples include human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
3. Inhibins: These medications are used to prevent premature ovulation and improve the quality of eggs produced by the ovaries. Examples include ganirelix acetate and cetrorelix acetate.
4. Sperm Motility Enhancers: These medications are used to improve sperm motility in men with low sperm count or poor sperm movement. Examples include pentoxifylline and caffeine.
5. Fertility Preservation Medications: These medications are used to preserve fertility in individuals who are undergoing treatments that may affect their reproductive system, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Examples include gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH) and cryopreservation of sperm, eggs, or embryos.

It is important to note that fertility agents can have side effects and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It is also essential to discuss any underlying medical conditions, allergies, and potential risks before starting any fertility treatment.

Fertility is the natural ability to conceive or to cause conception of offspring. In humans, it is the capacity of a woman and a man to reproduce through sexual reproduction. For women, fertility usually takes place during their reproductive years, which is from adolescence until menopause. A woman's fertility depends on various factors including her age, overall health, and the health of her reproductive system.

For men, fertility can be affected by a variety of factors such as age, genetics, general health, sexual function, and environmental factors that may affect sperm production or quality. Factors that can negatively impact male fertility include exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Infertility is a common medical condition affecting about 10-15% of couples trying to conceive. Infertility can be primary or secondary. Primary infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse, while secondary infertility refers to the inability to conceive following a previous pregnancy.

Infertility can be treated with various medical and surgical interventions depending on the underlying cause. These may include medications to stimulate ovulation, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities.

Female fertility agents are medications or treatments that are used to enhance or restore female fertility. They can work in various ways such as stimulating ovulation, improving the quality of eggs, facilitating the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus, or addressing issues related to the reproductive system.

Some examples of female fertility agents include:

1. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene): This medication stimulates ovulation by causing the pituitary gland to release more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
2. Gonadotropins: These are hormonal medications that contain FSH and LH, which stimulate the ovaries to produce mature eggs. Examples include human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
3. Letrozole (Femara): This medication is an aromatase inhibitor that can be used off-label to stimulate ovulation in women who do not respond to clomiphene citrate.
4. Metformin (Glucophage): This medication is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes, but it can also improve fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by regulating insulin levels and promoting ovulation.
5. Bromocriptine (Parlodel): This medication is used to treat infertility caused by hyperprolactinemia, a condition characterized by high levels of prolactin in the blood.
6. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART): These include procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). They involve manipulating eggs and sperm outside the body to facilitate fertilization and implantation.

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider or reproductive endocrinologist to determine the most appropriate fertility agent for individual needs, as these medications can have side effects and potential risks.

Fertility preservation is a medical procedure or treatment that is aimed at protecting and preserving the reproductive function and potential of an individual, typically before undergoing medical treatments that can potentially compromise their fertility. This may involve the cryopreservation (freezing) and storage of gametes (sperm or eggs), embryos, or reproductive tissues, such as ovarian or testicular tissue, for future use.

Fertility preservation is often recommended for individuals who are facing medical treatments that can have a negative impact on their fertility, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgical removal of reproductive organs. It may also be considered for individuals with conditions that can affect their fertility, such as certain genetic disorders or autoimmune diseases.

The goal of fertility preservation is to allow individuals to have biological children in the future, even if their fertility is compromised by medical treatments or conditions. The success of fertility preservation depends on several factors, including the age and health of the individual at the time of preservation, the type and duration of the medical treatment, and the quality of the preserved gametes or tissues.

Female infertility is a condition characterized by the inability to conceive after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or the inability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth. The causes of female infertility can be multifactorial and may include issues with ovulation, damage to the fallopian tubes or uterus, endometriosis, hormonal imbalances, age-related factors, and other medical conditions.

Some common causes of female infertility include:

1. Ovulation disorders: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemia can affect ovulation and lead to infertility.
2. Damage to the fallopian tubes: Pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or previous surgeries can cause scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.
3. Uterine abnormalities: Structural issues with the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital defects, can interfere with implantation and pregnancy.
4. Age-related factors: As women age, their fertility declines due to a decrease in the number and quality of eggs.
5. Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, celiac disease, and autoimmune disorders, can contribute to infertility.

In some cases, female infertility can be treated with medications, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF). A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Infertility is a reproductive health disorder defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or due to an impairment of a person's capacity to reproduce either as an individual or with their partner. It can be caused by various factors in both men and women, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, genetic issues, infections, age, lifestyle factors, and others. Infertility can have significant emotional and psychological impacts on individuals and couples experiencing it, and medical intervention may be necessary to help them conceive.

Male infertility is a condition characterized by the inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. It is typically defined as the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.

The causes of male infertility can be varied and include issues with sperm production, such as low sperm count or poor sperm quality, problems with sperm delivery, such as obstructions in the reproductive tract, or hormonal imbalances that affect sperm production. Other factors that may contribute to male infertility include genetic disorders, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions or treatments.

It is important to note that male infertility can often be treated or managed with medical interventions, such as medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART). A healthcare provider can help diagnose the underlying cause of male infertility and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Reproduction, in the context of biology and medicine, refers to the process by which organisms produce offspring. It is a complex process that involves the creation, development, and growth of new individuals from parent organisms. In sexual reproduction, this process typically involves the combination of genetic material from two parents through the fusion of gametes (sex cells) such as sperm and egg cells. This results in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into a new individual with a unique genetic makeup.

In contrast, asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and can occur through various mechanisms such as budding, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that ensures the survival and continuation of species over time. It is also an area of active research in fields such as reproductive medicine, where scientists and clinicians work to understand and address issues related to human fertility, contraception, and genetic disorders.

Spermatozoa are the male reproductive cells, or gametes, that are produced in the testes. They are microscopic, flagellated (tail-equipped) cells that are highly specialized for fertilization. A spermatozoon consists of a head, neck, and tail. The head contains the genetic material within the nucleus, covered by a cap-like structure called the acrosome which contains enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the female's egg (ovum). The long, thin tail propels the sperm forward through fluid, such as semen, enabling its journey towards the egg for fertilization.

The birth rate is the number of live births that occur in a population during a specific period, usually calculated as the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. It is an important demographic indicator used to measure the growth or decline of a population over time. A higher birth rate indicates a younger population and faster population growth, while a lower birth rate suggests an older population and slower growth.

The birth rate can be affected by various factors, including socioeconomic conditions, cultural attitudes towards childbearing, access to healthcare services, and government policies related to family planning and reproductive health. It is also influenced by the age structure of the population, as women in their reproductive years (typically ages 15-49) are more likely to give birth.

It's worth noting that while the birth rate is an important indicator of population growth, it does not provide a complete picture of fertility rates or demographic trends. Other measures, such as the total fertility rate (TFR), which estimates the average number of children a woman would have during her reproductive years, are also used to analyze fertility patterns and population dynamics.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Female genitalia refer to the reproductive and sexual organs located in the female pelvic region. They are primarily involved in reproduction, menstruation, and sexual activity. The external female genitalia, also known as the vulva, include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the external openings of the urethra and vagina. The internal female genitalia consist of the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. These structures work together to facilitate menstruation, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth.

Sperm motility is the ability of sperm to move actively and effectively through the female reproductive tract towards the egg for fertilization. It is typically measured as the percentage of moving sperm in a sample, and their progressiveness or velocity. Normal human sperm motility is generally defined as forward progression of at least 25 micrometers per second, with at least 50% of sperm showing progressive motility. Reduced sperm motility, also known as asthenozoospermia, can negatively impact fertility and reproductive outcomes.

Reproductive behavior, in the context of medical and biological sciences, refers to the actions or behaviors associated with an organism's reproduction. This can include various aspects such as:

1. Mating rituals or courtship behaviors that individuals of a species engage in to attract mates.
2. Copulation or actual mating process.
3. Parental care, which is the behavior of parents towards their offspring, including protection, feeding, and teaching necessary skills.
4. In some cases, it may also include aggressive behaviors related to territory defense for breeding.

These behaviors are influenced by hormonal changes, genetic factors, environmental conditions, and individual experiences. They vary widely among different species, with some displaying complex rituals while others have more straightforward processes.

In humans, reproductive behavior includes sexual activities associated with procreation, contraceptive use, family planning, and sometimes abstinence. It's important to note that human reproductive behavior can also be influenced by cultural, psychological, and social factors, making it quite complex compared to many other species.

Sperm count, also known as sperm concentration, is the number of sperm present in a given volume of semen. The World Health Organization (WHO) previously defined a normal sperm count as at least 20 million sperm per milliliter of semen. However, more recent studies suggest that fertility may be affected even when sperm counts are slightly lower than this threshold. It's important to note that sperm count is just one factor among many that can influence male fertility. Other factors, such as sperm motility (the ability of sperm to move properly) and morphology (the shape of the sperm), also play crucial roles in successful conception.

Sexual behavior in animals refers to a variety of behaviors related to reproduction and mating that occur between members of the same species. These behaviors can include courtship displays, mating rituals, and various physical acts. The specific forms of sexual behavior displayed by a given species are influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

In some animals, sexual behavior is closely tied to reproductive cycles and may only occur during certain times of the year or under specific conditions. In other species, sexual behavior may be more frequent and less closely tied to reproduction, serving instead as a means of social bonding or communication.

It's important to note that while humans are animals, the term "sexual behavior" is often used in a more specific sense to refer to sexual activities between human beings. The study of sexual behavior in animals is an important area of research within the field of animal behavior and can provide insights into the evolutionary origins of human sexual behavior as well as the underlying mechanisms that drive it.

An ovary is a part of the female reproductive system in which ova or eggs are produced through the process of oogenesis. They are a pair of solid, almond-shaped structures located one on each side of the uterus within the pelvic cavity. Each ovary measures about 3 to 5 centimeters in length and weighs around 14 grams.

The ovaries have two main functions: endocrine (hormonal) function and reproductive function. They produce and release eggs (ovulation) responsible for potential fertilization and development of an embryo/fetus during pregnancy. Additionally, they are essential in the production of female sex hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone, which regulate menstrual cycles, sexual development, and reproduction.

During each menstrual cycle, a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries into the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm. If not fertilized, the egg, along with the uterine lining, will be shed, leading to menstruation.

Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are medical procedures that involve the handling of human sperm and ova to establish a pregnancy. These techniques are used when other methods of achieving pregnancy have failed or are not available. Examples of ART include in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT). These procedures may be used to treat infertility, prevent genetic disorders, or to help same-sex couples or single people have children. It is important to note that the use of ART can involve significant physical, emotional, and financial costs, and it may not always result in a successful pregnancy.

The testis, also known as the testicle, is a male reproductive organ that is part of the endocrine system. It is located in the scrotum, outside of the abdominal cavity. The main function of the testis is to produce sperm and testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.

The testis is composed of many tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules, where sperm are produced. These tubules are surrounded by a network of blood vessels, nerves, and supportive tissues. The sperm then travel through a series of ducts to the epididymis, where they mature and become capable of fertilization.

Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It also supports sperm production and sexual function.

Abnormalities in testicular function can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and other health problems. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups are recommended for early detection and treatment of any potential issues.

Artificial insemination (AI) is a medical procedure that involves the introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterus for the purpose of achieving pregnancy. This procedure can be performed using sperm from a partner or a donor. It is often used when there are issues with male fertility, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility, or in cases where natural conception is not possible due to various medical reasons.

There are two types of artificial insemination: intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). ICI involves placing the sperm directly into the cervix, while IUI involves placing the sperm directly into the uterus using a catheter. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the cause of infertility and the preferences of the individuals involved.

Artificial insemination is a relatively simple and low-risk procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office or clinic. It may be combined with fertility drugs to increase the chances of pregnancy. The success rate of artificial insemination varies depending on several factors, including the age and fertility of the individuals involved, the cause of infertility, and the type of procedure used.

Semen is a complex, whitish fluid that is released from the male reproductive system during ejaculation. It is produced by several glands, including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. Semen contains several components, including sperm (the male reproductive cells), as well as various proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals. Its primary function is to transport sperm through the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse, providing nutrients and aiding in the protection of the sperm as they travel toward the egg for fertilization.

Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells, or spermatozoa, are produced in male organisms. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves several stages:

1. Spermatocytogenesis: This is the initial stage where diploid spermatogonial stem cells divide mitotically to produce more spermatogonia, some of which will differentiate into primary spermatocytes.
2. Meiosis: The primary spermatocytes undergo meiotic division to form haploid secondary spermatocytes, which then divide again to form haploid spermatids. This process results in the reduction of chromosome number from 46 (diploid) to 23 (haploid).
3. Spermiogenesis: The spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa, undergoing morphological changes such as the formation of a head and tail. During this stage, most of the cytoplasm is discarded, resulting in highly compacted and streamlined sperm cells.
4. Spermation: The final stage where mature sperm are released from the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis for further maturation and storage.

The entire process takes approximately 72-74 days in humans, with continuous production throughout adulthood.

Cryopreservation is a medical procedure that involves the preservation of cells, tissues, or organs by cooling them to very low temperatures, typically below -150°C. This is usually achieved using liquid nitrogen. The low temperature slows down or stops biological activity, including chemical reactions and cellular metabolism, which helps to prevent damage and decay.

The cells, tissues, or organs that are being cryopreserved must be treated with a cryoprotectant solution before cooling to prevent the formation of ice crystals, which can cause significant damage. Once cooled, the samples are stored in specialized containers or tanks until they are needed for use.

Cryopreservation is commonly used in assisted reproductive technologies, such as the preservation of sperm, eggs, and embryos for fertility treatments. It is also used in research, including the storage of cell lines and stem cells, and in clinical settings, such as the preservation of skin grafts and corneas for transplantation.

"Sex characteristics" refer to the anatomical, chromosomal, and genetic features that define males and females. These include both primary sex characteristics (such as reproductive organs like ovaries or testes) and secondary sex characteristics (such as breasts or facial hair) that typically develop during puberty. Sex characteristics are primarily determined by the presence of either X or Y chromosomes, with XX individuals usually developing as females and XY individuals usually developing as males, although variations and exceptions to this rule do occur.

LIFE - Determinants of male and female fecundity and fertility: role of environmental hormonally active agents and lifestyle ... Assessment of nutritional status in pregnant women from Peru. 13. What are other organizations doing to study the relationship ... Determining whether the nutritional status of special population groups, such as minorities, children, women of childbearing ... women of childbearing age, and minorities. The data helps assess inadequate or excess intake and informs analyses on the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nutritionreport/faq_2008.html

More than two million women were murdered in the Holocaust. The Nazi ideology viewed women generally as agents of fertility. ... See Australian women in World War I and Australian women in World War II. Middle Eastern womens history as a field is still ... Marriage ages of women can be used as an indicator of the position of women in society. Womens age at marriage could influence ... The women emphasized female activism, initiative, and leadership. They reported that when all the men left for war, the women ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womens_history

Background Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in any woman in the first trimester of pregnancy who ... but the incidence increases to as high as 1 in 100 in women undergoing fertility stimulation or procedures. [25] ... heterotopic pregnancy remains very rare in patients who are not taking fertility agents. Risk factors for heterotopic pregnancy ... 1] Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in any woman in the first trimester of pregnancy who has ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/104382-overview

Fertility Agents, Female, Retroperitoneal Neoplasms, Pancreatectomy, Splenectomy, Genital Neoplasms, Female, Medical Oncology, ... Genital Neoplasms, Female, Medical Oncology, Gynecology, Radiotherapy International Video Workshop on Radical Surgery in ... Brachytherapy, Genital Neoplasms, Female, Gynecology, Radiotherapy, Drug Therapy Image-guided radiotherapy & chemotherapy in ... Genital Neoplasms, Female, Brachytherapy, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Endometrial Neoplasms, Radiotherapy, Gynecology Image- ...

https://bvsalud.org/en/direve/?q=ginecologia+OR+neonatologia&filter=descriptor%3A%22Neoplasias+dos+Genitais+Femininos%22+AND+event_type%3A%22en%5EWorkshop%7Ces%5ETaller%7Cpt-br%5EWorkshop%22

Advise patients of risks associated with conditioning agents. Infertility. *Data are unavailable regarding effects on fertility ... Data are not available regarding administration in pregnant females; consider risks to pregnancy and fertility associated with ... Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents *No information available regarding coadministration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents ... refer to prescribing information for mobilization agent(s) and myeloablative conditioning agent(s) before treatment ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/zynteglo-betibeglogene-autotemcel-4000275

If a female suffers pain instead of enjoying sex then she should be concerned about her vagina. Initial levels of HPV can ... These both are womens fertility or hormonal disturbing agents. But if you are bleeding not like your period day or thats not ... Symptoms of HPV in Females:. There are not many symptoms that indicate HPV in females but there are some symptoms to are ... HPV Virus in Females is Harmful:. If we see the initial virus forming then no it is not harmful and goes away on its own but ...

https://articlege.com/what-are-the-symptoms-of-hpv-in-females/

Fertility control agents in water supply. * Encourage women to work. * Modify tax policies:. a) Substantial marriage tax. b) ... Pensions for women of 45 with less than "N" children. * Eliminate Welfare payemnts after first 2 children. -- Chronic ... Require women to work and provide few child care facilities. * Limit/eliminate public-financed medical care, scholarships, ... The bar association is also said to have deemed at least two other potential minority or female judicial nominees "not ...

https://vitalsignsblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/

Why dont womens orgs call to free Israeli women held hostage in Gaza?. By ANDREA SAMUELS. Fertility ethics in wartime - ... Israeli female soldiers shot in crotch, vagina, breasts on October 7. 3. Iran seizes two fuel tankers carrying 4.5 million ... Ex-CIA agent: Trump leaving Iran deal enabled broader pressure campaign. Retaliating with rockets on Iran could get their ...

https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/ex-cia-agent-trump-leaving-iran-deal-enabled-broader-pressure-campaign-560935

... specifically related to reducing exposures to occupational agents that can harm reproductive health and fertility in women and ... Animal studies have shown that several chemicals firefighters may encounter can impair both male and female fertility. ... but are known to affect reproductive health and fertility in women and men, and suspected of causing declining human sperm ... "For women, our eggs are finite, but the nice thing about sperm is that it regenerates over and over," ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2014/07/16/infertility/

The hCG hormone is an FDA-approved agent frequently used for fertility treatments. ... Their studies have shown that hCG offers lasting, protective changes within breast tissue. Clinical trials of hCG in women, ... "In order to translate our finding into humans, a clinical trial with hCG as a preventive agent against breast cancer, is ... Vanegas and her colleagues studied virgin female rats, which had been divided into four groups: a control group, which did not ...

https://weeksmd.com/2011/06/hcg-lowers-cancer-risk-in-animal-tests/

... and other medicinal plants were used in Ancient Greece as anti-fertility agents […] These anti-fertility agents, which were ... In an entry about "Suppression of the Courses," the manual advises women to "drink a Quarter of a Pint of Pennyroyal Water, or ... administered orally or as vaginal suppositories, may have functioned as early term abortifacents and contraceptives in women." ...

https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kurt-cobain-pennyroyal-abortive/

... and Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation: Menstrual bleeding patterns in untreated women. ... Return of fertility can be delayed in women discontinuing DMPA to become pregnant. In some cases, use of DMPA also confers ... CASE D: PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMAN REQUESTING SYMPTOMATIC RELIEF AND BIRTH CONTROL. A 46-year-old woman widowed for 2 years recently ... Return to Fertility. Although DMPA does not have any permanent impact on endocrine function, return of fertility may be delayed ...

https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Injectable%20Contraception/item/392

Some vegetables are also potent antibiotics, antihypertensive and blood building agents and also improve fertility in females ... Womens tool towards family health. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Convention of Indian Association of Lady Veterinarians and ... As a fruit, it is an excellent promoter of reproductive potential of man and animals but its seeds have proven anti-fertility ... Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai womens health study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87: ...

https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jbs.2014.1.19

If this failed, the agency recommended the placement of "fertility control agents in the water supply." Were not talking about ... The essence of femininity is for a woman to depend on the man she loves. The intimate male-female dynamic is for woman to ... Woman, on the other hand, has a unique ability to care for a few real people. A woman needs a man to focus on her (and his ... They despise a womans dependence on a man and her desire to bear his children. They cant be women so they try to be men. In ...

https://www.livingislam.org/ir/ez/fmn/feminism-a%20plot%20against.html

... surrogate agents, and young women have turned it into a transactional affair. ... my agent invited me to a fertility clinic (name withheld) to meet Nurse Oluchi. She then advised that I pay a visit to the ... This report was supported by the Wole Soyinka Center for Investigative Journalism (WSCIJ) under its Report Women! Female ... surrogacy agents, and young women have turned it into a transactional affair and above all as an avenue to earn an income, ...

https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/612579-investigation-inside-murky-waters-of-surrogacy-and-rise-of-baby-factories-in-nigeria.html

The state as an agent of demographic change? The higher education of women and fertility decline 1880-1930 ... Delay discounting and response disinhibition under acute experimental stress in women with borderline personality disorder and ... This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. ...

https://karger.com/ear/article-abstract/26/4-5/191/134262/Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder-Increases?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation Special Programme of Research, Development and Research ... Belsey E. Vaginal bleeding patterns among women using one natural and eight hormonal methods of contraception. Contraception ... There is often a delay in the return to fertility with DMPA injections. A significant factor influencing the decision to use ... Despite being associated with variable changes in bleeding patterns and a delayed return to fertility when stopped, it is a ...

https://bpac.org.nz/2021/contraception/depot.aspx

Female Genital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications (Non MeSH); Fertility Agents, Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Fetal ...

https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/22104

PATIENT(S): Six hundred twenty-six infertile women with PCOS, aged 18-39 years, with elevated T levels and oligomenorrhea ( ... Infertility, Female. *Hypoglycemic Agents. *Humans. *Fertility Agents, Female. *Female. Citation. APA Chicago ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/713948

The safety and efficacy of Clindesse in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in post-menarchal females have been established on ... Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in ... Fertility studies in rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day (31 times the human exposure based on mg/m 2 ) revealed no ... in non-pregnant women. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Clindesse in pregnant women. ...

https://theodora.com/drugs/clindesse_vaginal_cream_ther_rx.html

Here are tips to preserve your fertility as environmental toxins like microplastics effect reproductive health, semen quality ... Phthalates are used to make plastic soft and flexible and as a preservative agent for scents in personal care products. They ... Microplastics can cause semen quality decline in males and female infertility. Here are tips to preserve your fertility. By ... fertility rate fertility infertility environment fitness inspiration fitness goal fitness health reproductive system + 7 more. ...

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/microplastics-can-cause-semen-quality-decline-in-males-and-female-infertility-here-are-tips-to-preserve-your-fertility-101685011898561-amp.html

... is the first in a new generation of fertility control agents that can terminate an early pregnancy. Mifepristone works by ... A B O R T I O N & F E R T I L I T Y C O N T R O L Available to women in many countries (but currently not in the U.S.), ... and 1 in 4 women has to travel at least 50 miles for treatment. Doctors still see women who try to induce miscarriage by taking ... For women who have taken it, RU-486 often sidesteps the stigma of having an abortion; a pill, many of them say, feels more ...

http://www.chuckiii.com/Reports/Science/article_on_ru_486.shtml

Effects on fertility. Agents that interfere with the menstrual cycle and ovulation, such as hormonally active agents, may ... For example, a woman who experienced a pre-pregnancy exposure to lead and who was inadequately treated for lead poisoning ... Effects on fertility. Agents that interfere with male hormones or with hormonal feedback (e.g., testosterone, luteinizing ... Since 1970, a distinct and unexplained trend in reduced male-to-female birth ratio has been noted in Japan and in the United ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/pediatric-environmental-health/preconception.html

Women are generally advised not to get pregnant while having treatment for breast cancer. This is because treatment for breast ... The chemotherapy drugs most likely to cause infertility are a group called alkylating agents. One of these (cyclophosphamide) ... Male Fertility Issues. Men about to undergo cancer treatment may wish to preserve a sperm sample. We can refer you to the ... Fertility and cancer treatment advice for men. Cryopreservation of Sperm after referral by a Medical Practitioner Information ...

https://kingstonhospital.nhs.uk/department/cancer-and-fertility/

Combination REBETOL/INTRON A therapy is contraindicated in females who are pregnant and in the male partners of females who are ... It should be assumed that the effects produced by either agent alone will also be caused by the combination of the two agents. ... Impairment of Fertility No reproductive toxicology studies have been performed using interferon alfa-2b, recombinant in ... Fertile females and partners of fertile females should not receive combination REBETOL/INTRON A therapy unless the patient and ...

http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/rebetol-intron-a/warnings_precautions/

LENVIMA may impair fertility in males and females of reproductive potential. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients ... Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus and advise females of reproductive potential to use effective ... Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA ... FDA Accepts Application for Mercks KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) as Single Agent for Certain Patients With MSI-H/dMMR Advanced ...

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210810005544/en/FDA-Accepts-Application-for-Merck%E2%80%99s-KEYTRUDA%C2%AE-pembrolizumab-as-Single-Agent-for-Certain-Patients-With-MSI-HdMMR-Advanced-Endometrial-Carcinoma/

For example, questions for the following risk factors for relevant communicable disease agents and diseases are missing from ... Montgomery Womens Medical Center PC dba Montgomery Fertility Center MARCS-CMS 607345 - May 14, 2020. * Share ... Montgomery Womens Medical Center PC dba Montgomery Fertility Center. 3202 Tower Oaks Blvd., Ste. 370. Rockville, MD 20852-4296 ... Montgomery Womens Medical Center PC dba Montgomery Fertility Center - 607345 - 05/14/2020 ...

https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/montgomery-womens-medical-center-pc-dba-montgomery-fertility-center-607345-05142020

... fertility preservation options and improve the quality of decision making by people with cancer? ... Fertility Preservation in Young Female Cancer Patients: Development and Pilot Testing of an Online Decision Aid. J Adolesc ... Antineoplastic Agents and (In)fertility: Informing Patients to Improve Decisions. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2018 Jun;7(3):306 ... The Pathways fertility preservation decision aid website for women with cancer: development and field testing. J Cancer Surviv ...

https://www.cancer.org.au/clinical-guidelines/cancer-fertility-preservation/psychological-support/decision-making

... many patients take fertility drugs and medications to support the reproductive process and/or successful pregnancy. ... female infertility, and LGBTQIA+ fertility. Treatments include IVF, IUI, fertility preservation (egg freezing, sperm freezing, ... Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent that is commonly used to treat Type II diabetes. It is used to lower insulin levels ... female infertility, and LGBTQIA+ fertility. Treatments include IVF, IUI, fertility preservation (egg freezing, sperm freezing, ...

https://www.pacificfertility.ca/our-services/our-medications

[ 1 ] Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in any woman in the first trimester of pregnancy who has abdominal or pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, or both. (medscape.com)
[ 19 ] A retrospective study of 585 women over a 2.5-year period concluded that the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the detection of ectopic pregnancy was 88.5% and 96.5% on the first ultrasound and 93.1% and 95.7% after an additional scan. (medscape.com)
In order to translate our finding into humans, a clinical trial with hCG as a preventive agent against breast cancer, is already ongoing in pre-menopausal women with no previous pregnancy. (weeksmd.com)
For women more than 2 weeks late for their DMPA injection, pregnancy testing should be performed before administering DMPA. (glowm.com)
2 Although published literature supports a 2-week grace period, the package labeling recommends excluding pregnancy in women more than 1 week late for reinjection. (glowm.com)
A B O R T I O N & F E R T I L I T Y C O N T R O L Available to women in many countries (but currently not in the U.S.), mifepristone (formerly known as RU-486) is the first in a new generation of fertility control agents that can terminate an early pregnancy. (chuckiii.com)
Mifepristone, taken along with a prostaglandin, has been used by over half a million women worldwide and has found to be safe and effective as an early abortion method during the first nine weeks of a pregnancy. (chuckiii.com)
Many women prefer mifepristone because the procedure is more private and allows them greater psychological control in ending a pregnancy. (chuckiii.com)
within hours after a woman takes the two pills (one 24 hours after the other), the lining of the uterus breaks down and the pregnancy ends. (chuckiii.com)
Extreme care must be taken to avoid pregnancy during therapy and for 6 months after completion of treatment in female patients, and in female partners of male patients who are taking combination REBETOL/INTRON A therapy. (druglib.com)
Depending on the type, length, and intensity of fertility treatment, many patients will take medications to support the reproductive process and/or procedure for successful pregnancy. (pacificfertility.ca)
When combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI), pregnancy rates can approach 10-12% depending on the underlying fertility issue. (pacificfertility.ca)
The female reproductive system selects and releases eggs for fertilization, releasing multiple hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, necessary to prepare the uterus for pregnancy and for ongoing bone and heart health. (ivfspecialists.com)
Pregnancy testing is recommended for females of reproductive potential prior to initiation of treatment with Vivimusta. (rxlist.com)
[ 4 ] In addition, some genetic disorders with associated epilepsy (eg, Rett syndrome and Aicardi syndrome) and eclamptic seizures in pregnancy can only occur in females. (medscape.com)
Jennifer Hopp, MD, who served as a discussant for the presentation, underscored the need for neurologists to address pregnancy with female patients of childbearing agents. (medscape.com)
NIOSH conducts studies of pregnancy outcomes among female workers as well as biomarker studies of female reproductive hormones. (cdc.gov)
Studies underway are examining the implications of these findings for pregnancy outcomes, fertility, cancer, physical demands and overall mortality. (cdc.gov)
Women planning to become pregnant should avoid all alcohol consumption, smoking, and use of illegal drugs (eg, cocaine) before and during the pregnancy, because these activities may have serious deleterious effects on the fetus. (medscape.com)
If you are female, you should use birth control to prevent pregnancy during your treatment with lomustine and for at least 2 weeks after your final dose. (medlineplus.gov)

Clindesse is indicated for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (formerly referred to as Haemophilus vaginitis, Gardnerella vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis, Corynebacterium vaginitis, or anaerobic vaginosis) in non-pregnant women. (theodora.com)
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Clindesse in pregnant women. (theodora.com)
Chemicals in pregnant women can cross the placenta and in some cases can accumulate in the foetus resulting in higher foetal exposure than maternal exposure. (hindustantimes.com)
There are limited data from the use of hyoscine butylbromide in pregnant women. (janusinfo.se)
It is not known whether benzene exposure affects the developing fetus in pregnant women or fertility in men. (cdc.gov)
For the strategic use of a prophylactic vaccine, a vaccine target product profile (VTPP) has been proposed by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, prioritizing women of reproductive age (15-49 years), including pregnant women ( 16 ). (cdc.gov)
For most drug treatments introduced in the past 2-3 decades, the information available to pregnant women and their physicians is insufficient to determine whether the benefits exceed the teratogenic risks. (medscape.com)

The hCG hormone is an FDA-approved agent frequently used for fertility treatments. (weeksmd.com)
Another challenge with the use of decision aids is that they are generally unable to provide personalised information about the risk of infertility after cancer treatment, due to the lack of evidence of the impact of specific treatments on fertility. (cancer.org.au)
LGBTQ+ individuals and couples have many options for fertility treatments to build their families. (ivfspecialists.com)
The samples are later used for fertility treatments. (scrcivf.com)
When fertility treatments are covered in the media, the articles and features you see are almost always written by and directed at women. (scrcivf.com)
A disturbing new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has brought mainstream attention to the fact that mammography screenings have caused millions of US women to suffer unnecessary surgeries and chemotherapy and radiation treatments over the past 30 years. (greenmedinfo.com)

This medication is endorsed by the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society (CFAS) as an alternative to clomiphene citrate for fertility treatment. (pacificfertility.ca)
Most women take Clomiphene Citrate or Aromatase Inhibitor for five days consecutively. (ginafertilitystudio.com)

The paper at hand, by Dani Bar-Yosef Mayer and Naomi Porat, makes the bold assertion that the use of certain beads in West Asia is directly related to the beginning of ritual associated with the origins of agriculture, the use of objects to enhance 'fertility' (of humans, of the land) and to ward off the Evil Eye. (scienceblogs.com)

Low doses of FSH can cause infertility, and more recently, ovarian and fertility problems. (redgumcreativecampus.com)

If an infected woman gets in touch with a man orally or through vaginal sex she transmits HPV to the man and he gets affected too. (articlege.com)
Every young woman goes through vaginal bleeding once a month when her cycle completes. (articlege.com)

Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE . (nih.gov)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) : This hormone is the most potent and long lasting of all female hormones. (redgumcreativecampus.com)

Highlighting that exposure to some pesticides can interfere with all developmental stages of reproductive function in adult females, including puberty, menstruation and ovulation, fertility and fecundity, she said, "Most environmental chemicals have entered the marketplace without comprehensive and standardized information regarding their reproductive or other long-term toxic effects. (hindustantimes.com)
See the doctor during the first three days of the menstruation period to receive the fertility agent appropriately. (ginafertilitystudio.com)

The females suffering from cervical cancer have observed a decrease in weight. (articlege.com)
2008] showed a 33% relative decrease in male births in women who had suffered high environmental exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the 1960s (i.e., those with levels in the 90th percentile). (cdc.gov)
One study noted that children fathered by men exposed to dioxin after the Seveso, Italy accident showed a decrease in the expected male:female ratio [Mocarelli et al. (cdc.gov)
Some women who breathed high levels of benzene for many months had irregular menstrual periods and a decrease in the size of their ovaries. (cdc.gov)
you should know that lomustine may decrease fertility in men and women. (medlineplus.gov)

Environmental and occupational hazards account for an unknown proportion of infertility cases, but are known to affect reproductive health and fertility in women and men, and suspected of causing declining human sperm quality in industrialized countries. (cdc.gov)
Agents that interfere with male hormones or with hormonal feedback (e.g., testosterone, luteinizing hormone [LH]) may also affect production of healthy sperm, thus affecting fertility [Osorio and Windham 2004]. (cdc.gov)
Patients should seek treatment for infertility if they have been unable to get pregnant after 12 months if the woman is under age 35, six months if she is age 35 or older, or if there are concerns for abnormalities of sperm, egg, uterus, tubes, or whole health. (ivfspecialists.com)
Abnormal levels of these hormones can negatively impact sperm production and, therefore, fertility. (ivfspecialists.com)
In addition to problems that can occur with this system of sperm transport, erectile dysfunction can prevent a man from being able to maintain an erection to deliver sperm, and ejaculatory dysfunction can prevent a man from depositing sperm within the female reproductive tract. (ivfspecialists.com)
Lab technicians will use specialized cryoprotectant ("anti-freeze") agents to help preserve and protect sperm cells. (scrcivf.com)

Several medications are available to help induce ovulation in women who don't ovulate, or stimulate more vigorous ovulation in those who do. (pacificfertility.ca)
We use these medications to create more eggs in an effort to boost natural fertility. (pacificfertility.ca)
So I think the message needs to be loud and clear that we encourage [women with epilepsy] to breastfeed because we have the known benefits, and now several studies showing clearly no adverse effects of breastfeeding while taking antiseizure medications," said Meador. (medscape.com)
It is also advisable for the prescribing provider to review all medications and supplements the woman is taking to assess for possible teratogenicity. (medscape.com)
Lomustine is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. (medlineplus.gov)

Ova forming within a female fetus may be affected by exposures experienced by her mother during the mother's lifetime. (cdc.gov)

Administration of antineoplastic drugs and fecundity in female nurses. (cdc.gov)
Background: We examined the association between the administration of antineoplastic drugs (AD) and fecundity among female nurses. (cdc.gov)

An important aspect of treatment is curing GTN while attempting to preserve future fertility. (medscape.com)

Women's history is the study of the role that women have played in history and the methods required to do so. (wikipedia.org)
As activists in women's liberation, discussing and analyzing the oppression[citation needed] and inequalities they experienced as women, they believed it imperative to learn about the lives of their fore mothers-and found very little scholarship in print. (wikipedia.org)
The study of women's history has evolved over time, from early feminist movements that sought to reclaim the lost stories of women, to more recent scholarship that seeks to integrate women's experiences and perspectives into mainstream historical narratives. (wikipedia.org)
These both are women's fertility or hormonal disturbing agents. (articlege.com)
She is arguably one of the most influential women of the decade, perhaps even the century", one women's website gushes. (livingislam.org)
Infertility is a significant public health issue in the U.S. While the issue affects both men and women, the burden of treatment typically falls on women, with 7.3 million women reporting the use of infertility services in the U.S. from 2006-2010," said Dr. Barbara Stegmann, clinical lead of women's health for Organon. (pharmiweb.com)

Fortunately, many fertility drugs are now available to help patients who struggling to conceive. (pacificfertility.ca)

We are a specialist in Fertility Medicines like Fertomid , Clomid , Fertyl , and many more. (medisellers.com)
Fertomid is a fertility agent used to stimulate ovulation in women who want to become pregnant. (acheterduvente.fr)
Fertomid is used for treating female infertility. (acheterduvente.fr)

NIOSH contributed to this Action Plan, specifically related to reducing exposures to occupational agents that can harm reproductive health and fertility in women and men. (cdc.gov)
Although some occupational exposures have been shown to impair fertility (e.g., lead, some pesticides, and some solvents), the overall contribution of occupational exposures to male and female infertility is unknown. (cdc.gov)
If you have concerns that your fertility may be affected by workplace exposures you can find an occupational clinic in your area by using the directory on the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) website . (cdc.gov)

Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is often prescribed to induce ovulation in women who have irregular menstrual cycles or ovulatory dysfunction. (medisellers.com)

Do decision aids improve the understanding of the risk of infertility, fertility preservation options and improve the quality of decision making by people with cancer? (cancer.org.au)
There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that decision aids (DAs) for cancer patients demonstrate significantly increased fertility preservation knowledge and decreased decisional conflict for patients. (cancer.org.au)
A small randomised controlled trial comparing women who received brochures to others who completed the DA found that both approaches increased patient's knowledge of fertility preservation, however the DA seemed to introduce slightly more decisional conflict. (cancer.org.au)
A pilot study suggests that the DA did not increase parental concern and would be useful for parents making a fertility preservation decision. (cancer.org.au)
The use of decision support tools, such as fertility preservation decision aids, should be offered where available as they may assist people with cancer with the decision-making process. (cancer.org.au)
Randomized controlled trial on the effect of an online decision aid for young female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation. (cancer.org.au)

Over 2.5 million registered nurses are employed in the U.S., 95% of whom are female. (cdc.gov)
Female nurses may be at increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes through exposure to a wide variety of known and potential reproductive hazards including chemical and biological agents, physical demands, shift work, and psychological stress. (cdc.gov)

Today, NIOSH researchers use state-of-the-art research methods - including biomonitoring techniques - to determine whether exposure to specific occupational hazards affect the reproductive health of working women and men and the health of their families. (cdc.gov)

News / Lifestyle / Health / Microplastics can cause semen quality decline in males and female infertility. (hindustantimes.com)
Females of childbearing potential and males must use two reliable forms of effective contraception during treatment and during the 6-month posttreatment follow-up period. (druglib.com)
Jewish women inhabited a society that was conservative and patriarchal, with males as heads of household and women discharging traditional roles at home or helping to make a living. (yadvashemusa.org)
It will improve the female reproductive cycle and makes the males more fertile. (shrimpfever.com)
The incidence in females, at 41 cases per 100,000 person years, is less than that for males, at 49 cases per 100,000 person years. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The Rochester epilepsy study also found that the prevalence of epilepsy was slightly higher in males than females (6.5 vs 6.0 per 1000 persons). (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] As these higher rates in males may be attributable to the higher frequency of some major etiologies of seizures in men (eg, cerebrovascular disease, head trauma, alcohol-related seizures), it may be that increasing rates of such conditions in women may result in less difference between the sexes. (medscape.com)
Although most epilepsy syndromes are equally or more commonly found in males than in females, childhood absence epilepsy and the syndrome of photosensitive epilepsy are more common in females. (medscape.com)

In most pre-menopausal women who take tamoxifen, the ovaries continue to work. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)

Injectable contraception offers women convenient, safe, and reversible birth control that is as effective as sterilization. (glowm.com)
Despite being associated with variable changes in bleeding patterns and a delayed return to fertility when stopped, it is a preferred method of contraception for many people as it does not rely on daily adherence or require an insertion procedure. (bpac.org.nz)
Women having treatment for breast cancer (including the hormone treatment tamoxifen) are recommended to use non-hormonal methods of contraception, such as condoms, Femidoms or a diaphragm. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
Female patients of reproductive potential are advised to use effective contraception during treatment with Vivimusta and for 6 months after the last dose. (rxlist.com)

Many women report cyclic exacerbations of seizures, and patients with childhood-onset epilepsy may note that seizures that occurred sporadically before menarche become somewhat more predictable after puberty. (medscape.com)

Additionally, those who work in a setting with exposure to toxic chemicals that might affect fertility may consider requesting a Health Hazard Evaluation by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Contraceptive Research*Picture: Feminist Majority Foundation* In addition to its use in terminating unwanted pregnancies, MIFEPRISTONE (formerly known as RU-486) also may be effective in treating a range of serious diseases and medical conditions, many of which particularly affect women. (chuckiii.com)
Agents that interfere with the menstrual cycle and ovulation, such as hormonally active agents, may affect fertility [Windham and Osorio 2004]. (cdc.gov)
What Factors Affect a Person's Fertility? (ivfspecialists.com)

Robust scientific evidence has emerged over the past 15 years demonstrating that preconception and prenatal exposure to toxic environmental toxins can have a profound and lasting effect on reproductive health across the life course and an analysis of National health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2003-2004 found that every women is exposed to 43 different chemicals. (hindustantimes.com)
Environmental toxins and chemicals can negatively impact fertility. (ivfspecialists.com)

The issues may include fertility, peripartum management, and outcomes that really go through the lifespan to also include issues of menopause," Hopp, associate professor of neurology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, said during her presentation. (medscape.com)
The researchers compared outcomes in 284 women with epilepsy and 87 healthy women. (medscape.com)

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Shruti N Mane, Consultant Fertility and IVF expert at Motherhood Fertility and IVF in Navi Mumbai's Kharghar, explained, "A group of chemicals known as endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) has been shown to interfere with the role of certain hormones, homeostasis and developmental processes. (hindustantimes.com)

Fertility is a person's ability to conceive children. (ivfspecialists.com)
A fertility-friendly lube made without parabens for trying to conceive couples. (fairhavenhealth.com)
BabyDance Fertility Lubricant Safe For Trying To Conceive. (fairhavenhealth.com)

A little while after our conversation and juicy promises, my agent invited me to a fertility clinic (name withheld) to meet Nurse Oluchi. (premiumtimesng.com)
There was no signpost or anything to indicate that the building was a hospital or a fertility clinic. (premiumtimesng.com)
There was no one to point us to Nurse Oluchi and when I told my 'agent' via Facebook Messenger that I had arrived at the clinic, she advised me to wait at the sitting area and that I would be attended to. (premiumtimesng.com)
At PCRM we also stock these tablets if you choose to pick them up from one of our fertility clinic locations. (pacificfertility.ca)

Therefore, a 2-week grace period exists for women receiving injections every 3 months. (glowm.com)

These represent a heterogeneous group of agents used in pesticides, plastics, industrial chemicals and fuels. (hindustantimes.com)

Several of these drugs are classified as ovulation-induction agents because they help to establish normal ovulation. (pacificfertility.ca)
One of these pregnancies involved twins in a 45-year-old woman without ovulation induction. (biomedcentral.com)

Let's talk about the HPV virus and its symptoms in females in detail so, you can catch the virus (if affected) initially and after treatment get rid of it. (articlege.com)
Following the treatment, each rat received a single dose of a breast cancer-inducing agent. (weeksmd.com)
Tamoxifen is a hormone treatment used in women whose breast cancer is oestrogen receptor positive. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
Women are generally advised not to get pregnant while having treatment for breast cancer. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
The FDA's acceptance of our application adds to our momentum of advancing new treatment options to address the most challenging cancers facing women," said Dr. Scot Ebbinghaus, vice president, clinical research, Merck Research Laboratories. (businesswire.com)
The preliminary examination results confirm that a man and a woman are qualified to receive AI treatment. (ginafertilitystudio.com)
Flaxseed has remarkable therapeutic properties, with over 50 potential applications in the prevention and treatment of disease, as documented in the peer-reviewed biomedical literature itself* Flaxseed's role in breast cancer is one of the more compelling areas of research, considering this is the #1 form of cancer afflicting women today, and that most women still equate 'prevention' with subjecting themselves to annual breast screenings involving highly carcinogenic 30 kVp. (greenmedinfo.com)
If you are male, you and your female partner should use birth control during your treatment with lomustine and continue for 4 months after your final dose. (medlineplus.gov)

Chemotherapy can cause infertility in women who haven't been through the menopause. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
It is the most common cause of infertility in women, and carries a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes in those patients who have it. (holtorfmed.com)

Clinical trials of hCG in women, based on their work, are currently under way at three locations, nationally, including Fox Chase Cancer Center, and in one European country. (weeksmd.com)
Failure rates in clinical trials have ranged from .0 to .7 per 100 woman-years. (glowm.com)
A small study of thirty-nine clinicians found that a fertility clinician decision support system would be beneficial to clinical practice. (cancer.org.au)

PCOS , also called Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, is the most common endocrine disorder among women, affecting as many as 5% to 10% of all women. (holtorfmed.com)
Patients affected with PCOS often will have both male and female relatives with adult-onset diabetes , obesity, high blood pressure, and elevated triglycerides, as well as female relatives with menstrual problems, excess hair growth, and infertility. (holtorfmed.com)
In addition to a list of troubling cosmetic issues, women and girls with PCOS typically have irregular menstrual cycles, often skipping their periods for months or having no periods at all. (holtorfmed.com)
Irregular ovulation is also an issue, and women with PCOS often, but not always, have multiple unruptured follicles (mislabeled as cysts) around the periphery of their ovaries. (holtorfmed.com)
A study conducted in 2000 found that women suffering from PCOS have a much higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. (holtorfmed.com)

Elevation of intraocular pressure may be produced by the administration of anticholinergic agents such as Buscopan in patients with undiagnosed and therefore untreated narrow angle glaucoma. (janusinfo.se)
If a single-agent drug regimen fails in low-risk patients, they may continue to be eligible for an alternative single-agent regimen. (medscape.com)

2] [3] Preliminary shows show, as well, that mifepristone can act as both a male and female contraceptive. (chuckiii.com)
In conclusion, except for women under 25, the present study showed similar risks of PID related to contraceptive use, past infection or abortion in parous women from developed and developing country centres. (ox.ac.uk)

She taught women how to be mistresses, corporate and otherwise, instead of wives and mothers. (livingislam.org)
While some basically seek donors and surrogate mothers, others provide support systems for women who are surrogates or who are considering surrogacy as an option for their fertility challenges. (premiumtimesng.com)
Mothers who smoke cigarettes may have decreased fertility [AAP 2003]. (cdc.gov)
In 2002, 55% of children were born to working mothers and 65% of working men and women were of reproductive age. (cdc.gov)

The remaining 15% of women in this infertile population became pregnant. (cdc.gov)

These findings indicate that targeted vaccination of women of reproductive age is a noteworthy preventive measure for mitigating the effects of Zika virus infection in future outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
We adopted a previously established agent-based simulation model for the dynamics of Zika virus infection, incorporating both vector and sexual transmission ( 19 , 20 ). (cdc.gov)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper female reproductive organs (the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries). (msdmanuals.com)

Now the question arises that if a woman caught HPV and she comes in contact with a male sexually then how percent she may transfer this to a male? (articlege.com)
Combination REBETOL/INTRON A therapy is contraindicated in females who are pregnant and in the male partners of females who are pregnant. (druglib.com)
The following processes make up male fertility. (ivfspecialists.com)

The chemotherapy drugs most likely to cause infertility are a group called alkylating agents. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
The effect of some other chemotherapy drugs, such as taxanes (docetaxel and paclitaxel), on fertility hasn't been as widely studied, but evidence suggests they'll also have a negative effect on fertility. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
Even if your periods return after chemotherapy, it doesn't necessarily mean your fertility has been unaffected. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)

We parameterized the model with country-specific demographics (age and sex distributions and fertility rates), and calibrated it to attack rates ( 17 , 18 ) estimated for the 2015-2017 outbreaks ( Appendix Tables 1-4, Figures 2-4). (cdc.gov)

Several studies have taken a biographical approach, but other work has drawn on the insights from research elsewhere to examine such issues as work, family, religion, crime, and images of women. (wikipedia.org)
Fertyl Tablets, containing 50 milligrams of Clomiphene, are a medication commonly used to stimulate ovulation in women who have difficulty conceiving due to certain fertility issues. (medisellers.com)

Despite those benefits, concerns about harms from exposure to antiepileptic drugs may prompt some women to avoid breastfeeding. (medscape.com)
By integrating occupational exposure assessment into this large surveillance effort, scientists will have the opportunity to examine the potential role of chemical and physical agents. (cdc.gov)

There are not many symptoms that indicate HPV in females but there are some symptoms to are noticeable and if noticed on time the virus could be treated and you can get saved from the virus becoming cancer. (articlege.com)
The hormone is a key component of muscle growth but is also taken by most women to control their period symptoms. (redgumcreativecampus.com)

No block fallopian tubes, at least on one side, in a woman. (ginafertilitystudio.com)

Consult physician for use with fertility interventions. (fairhavenhealth.com)
Any woman with an existing neurologic condition should consult her obstetrician and her neurologist before she becomes pregnant. (medscape.com)
If the woman is already pregnant and did not consult her physician in advance, she must alert her obstetrician and neurologist as soon as possible. (medscape.com)

One might think that such attitudes are gone, "but it's still there," said Meador, who recounted a story a colleague told him about a woman on antiseizure medication. (medscape.com)

LH: A female hormone that helps regulate bone and muscle mass and function, best anabolic steroid cycle for bulking. (redgumcreativecampus.com)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) : A strong hormone that serves as a natural anti-ageing and fertility agent. (redgumcreativecampus.com)

Nulliparous women in developed countries had a relative risk of 11.5, but the risks could not be estimated for nulliparous developing country women because there were insufficient IUD users. (ox.ac.uk)

Making hard choices easier: a prospective, multicentre study to assess the efficacy of a fertility-related decision aid in young women with early-stage breast cancer. (cancer.org.au)

[1] A randomised controlled trial of a DA developed in Switzerland found that women who used the online DA in addition to counselling experienced significantly lower decisional conflict compared to the control group who only received counselling. (cancer.org.au)
Bavachin (BV), one of essential active ingredients of FP, was found to exhibit estrogenic activity, but its effect on female reproductive system remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)

JERSEY CITY, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- #Health --Organon (NYSE: OGN) today announced the launch of a new website - Fertility Journey - that helps inform and empower people with resources and information needed to navigate the process of fertility care. (pharmiweb.com)

Usage: Fertyl Tablets are primarily used by women who are experiencing difficulties in becoming pregnant due to ovulation problems. (medisellers.com)

Anatomy5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science1

Health Care1

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic appearance of the endometrium. (1/352)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection after follicle stimulation with highly purified human follicle-stimulating hormone compared with human menopausal gonadotropin. (2/352)

Endometrial evaluation is not predictive for in vitro fertilization treatment. (3/352)

A comparison of three gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues in an in-vitro fertilization programme: a prospective randomized study. (4/352)

Evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in amenorrhoeic women with insulin-dependent diabetes. (5/352)

Is there a difference in the function of granulosa-luteal cells in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization either with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist? (6/352)

The value of basal serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol concentrations following pituitary down-regulation in predicting ovarian response to stimulation with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone. (7/352)

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle. (8/352)

Fertility Agents, Male

Fertility Agents

Fertility

Fertility Agents, Female

Fertility Preservation

Infertility, Female

Infertility

Infertility, Male

Reproduction

Spermatozoa

Birth Rate

Pregnancy

Genitalia, Female

Sperm Motility

Reproductive Behavior

Sperm Count

Sexual Behavior, Animal

Ovary

Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

Testis

Insemination, Artificial

Semen

Spermatogenesis

Cryopreservation

Sex Characteristics

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic appearance of the endometrium. (1/352)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection after follicle stimulation with highly purified human follicle-stimulating hormone compared with human menopausal gonadotropin. (2/352)

Endometrial evaluation is not predictive for in vitro fertilization treatment. (3/352)

A comparison of three gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues in an in-vitro fertilization programme: a prospective randomized study. (4/352)

Evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in amenorrhoeic women with insulin-dependent diabetes. (5/352)

Is there a difference in the function of granulosa-luteal cells in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization either with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist? (6/352)

The value of basal serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and oestradiol concentrations following pituitary down-regulation in predicting ovarian response to stimulation with highly purified follicle stimulating hormone. (7/352)

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle. (8/352)

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Fertility Drugs & Medications in Metro Vancouver | PCRM

Pregnancy20

Pregnant women7

Treatments6

Clomiphene citrate2

Humans1

Ovarian1

Vaginal2

Follicle Stimula2

Menstruation2

Decrease5

Sperm6

Medications5

Fetus1

Fecundity2

Preserve1

Women's6

Fortunately1

Fertomid3