A normally saprophytic mitosporic Chaetothyriales fungal genus. Infections in humans include PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; and PERITONITIS.. Exophiala jeanselmei (previously Phialophora jeanselmei) is an etiological agent of MYCETOMA.
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS caused by the dematiaceous (darkly pigmented) MITOSPORIC FUNGI of ALTERNARIA, Bipolaris, CLADOSPORIUM, Curvularia, and EXOPHIALA. These fungi have pigmented HYPHAE due to MELANIN in the cell wall. The initial subcutaneous cyst from the infection can become systemic and spread rapidly to renal, pulmonary and cerebral systems (see CEREBRAL PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS) in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST.
Mycoses are a group of diseases caused by fungal pathogens that can infect various tissues and organs, potentially leading to localized or systemic symptoms, depending on the immune status of the host.
A mitosporic fungal genus. Phialophora verrucosa is a cause of chromomycosis (CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS). Ophiobolus is the teleomorph of Phialophora.
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).
An enzyme that converts UDP glucosamine into chitin and UDP. EC 2.4.1.16.
A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.
Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362)
A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.
A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. Teleomorphs include Mycosphaerella and Venturia.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Loose connective tissue lying under the DERMIS, which binds SKIN loosely to subjacent tissues. It may contain a pad of ADIPOCYTES, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state.

Phialemonium fungemia: two documented nosocomial cases. (1/79)

Two fungal isolates recovered from the blood of two immunosuppressed patients are described as Phialemonium curvatum. One patient died, while the other, who was infected with Exophiala jeanselmei at the same time, survived after successful treatment with itraconazole. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences demonstrated that the isolates belonged to the same strain and that the source of infection was probably a catheter. The taxonomic position of P. curvatum is discussed, and Phialemonium dimorphosporum is considered a synonym. The in vitro inhibitory activities of six antifungal agents (amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketaconazole, miconazole, flucytosine, and fluconazole) were determined against seven isolates of Phialemonium. Except for flucytosine, all of them were remarkably effective. Phialemonium should be added to the list of potential causes of nosocomial fungemia in cancer patients.  (+info)

A case of melanonychia caused by Exophiala dermatitidis. (2/79)

We report a case of a healthy 61-year-old woman with discoloration of the nail on her right big toe. We first treated her with topical steroid and urea under suspected diagnosis of nail eczema, but the lesion remained. In culture, black, shiny, pasty and yeast-like colonies grew repeatedly. Examination of debris from her nail showed dematiaceous spherical cells and hyphal elements. Microscopically, annelloconidia were produced at the apical ends of anellidic conidiogenous cells. This colony grew at 40C. Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism was analysed in this strain and its restriction pattern confirmed the isolate to be Exophiala dermatitidis. Based on these findings, we diagnosed this nail deformity as fungal melanonychia due to Exophiala dermatitidis. This is the third reported case of this disease.  (+info)

WdChs4p, a homolog of chitin synthase 3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alone cannot support growth of Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis at the temperature of infection. (3/79)

By using improved transformation methods for Wangiella dermatitidis, and a cloned fragment of its chitin synthase 4 structural gene (WdCHS4) as a marking sequence, the full-length gene was rescued from the genome of this human pathogenic fungus. The encoded chitin synthase product (WdChs4p) showed high homology with Chs3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other class IV chitin synthases, and Northern blotting showed that WdCHS4 was expressed at constitutive levels under all conditions tested. Reduced chitin content, abnormal yeast clumpiness and budding kinetics, and increased melanin secretion resulted from the disruption of WdCHS4 suggesting that WdChs4p influences cell wall structure, cellular reproduction, and melanin deposition, respectively. However, no significant loss of virulence was detected when the wdchs4Delta strain was tested in an acute mouse model. Using a wdchs1Delta wdchs2Delta wdchs3Delta triple mutant of W. dermatitidis, which grew poorly but adequately at 25 degrees C, we assayed WdChs4p activity in the absence of activities contributed by its three other WdChs proteins. Maximal activity required trypsin activation, suggesting a zymogenic nature. The activity also had a pH optimum of 7.5, was most stimulated by Mg(2+), and was more inhibited by polyoxin D than by nikkomycin Z. Although the WdChs4p activity had a broad temperature optimum between 30 to 45 degrees C in vitro, this activity alone did not support the growth of the wdchs1Delta wdchs2Delta wdchs3Delta triple mutant at 37 degrees C, a temperature commensurate with infection.  (+info)

WdCHS3, a gene that encodes a class III chitin synthase in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis, is expressed differentially under stress conditions. (4/79)

Class III chitin synthases are important for hyphal growth in some filamentous fungi but are not found in yeasts. Using a specific PCR product that encodes a portion of the class III chitin synthase of W. dermatitidis as a probe, we isolated the chitin synthase gene, WdCHS3, from this polymorphic melanized pathogen of humans. Northern blotting showed that WdCHS3 was highly expressed under stress conditions, such as the shift of cells to temperatures commensurate with infection, or to conditions that induce cellular morphogenesis in this fungus. Analysis of the 5' upstream sequence of WdCHS3 provided evidence for a negative regulatory element at between -780 and -1600 bp. Western blotting indicated that the production of the WdChs3p was temperature dependent and temporally regulated. Disruption of WdCHS3 in a wild-type strain and in two temperature-sensitive morphological mutants resulted in significantly reduced chitin synthase activities but did not obviously affect their morphologies, growth rates, chitin contents, or virulence. This paradox suggested that the contributions of the high levels of WdCHS3 gene expression and WdChs3p production in strains subjected to stress reside in unknown or unexamined parts of the life cycle of this ecologically poorly known member of the Fungi Imperfecti. Nonetheless, this report presents the first evidence that transcription of a chitin synthase gene is regulated by a negative regulatory element in its 5' upstream sequence.  (+info)

Acute cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Wangiella dermatitidis accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia. (5/79)

We report a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Wangiella dermaitidis in an immunocompetent adult man. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed pleocytosis with a high eosinophil count but without peripheral blood eosinophilia. The present case suggested that this black yeast-like fungus should be included when the causes of CSF eosinophilia are considered, even though it is an extremely rare pathogen.  (+info)

Expression of a constitutively active Cdc42 homologue promotes development of sclerotic bodies but represses hyphal growth in the zoopathogenic fungus Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis. (6/79)

In contrast to the CDC42 homologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the WdCDC42 gene in the human pathogenic fungus Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis was found to be nonessential for cell viability. Expression of the constitutively active allele wdcdc42(G14V) at 37 degrees C induced nonpolarized growth that led to cell enlargement and multiple nucleation. The swollen cells subsequently converted into planate divided bicellular forms or multiply septated sclerotic bodies in post-log phase, when the G14V-altered protein was diminished. The wdcdc42(G14V) mutation also strongly repressed filamentous growth both in the wild-type strain and in the temperature-sensitive hyphal-form mutant Hf1. In contrast, overexpression of the dominant negative alleles wdcdc42(T19N) and wdcdc42(D120A) had no obvious effect on fungal-cell polarization. These results suggested that WdCdc42p plays a unique regulatory role in cellular morphogenesis in W. dermatitidis. Activation of this protein in response to extracellular or intracellular signals seems to commit its yeast-like cells to a phenotype transition that produces sclerotic bodies while repressing hyphal development.  (+info)

Molecular cloning and characterization of WdPKS1, a gene involved in dihydroxynaphthalene melanin biosynthesis and virulence in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis. (7/79)

1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN) is a fungal polyketide that contributes to virulence when polymerized to 1,8-DHN melanin in the cell walls of Wangiella dermatitidis, an agent of phaeohyphomycosis in humans. To begin a genetic analysis of the initial synthetic steps leading to 1,8-DHN melanin biosynthesis, a 772-bp PCR product was amplified from genomic DNA using primers based on conserved regions of fungal polyketide synthases (Pks) known to produce the first cyclized 1,8-DHN-melanin pathway intermediate, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene. The cloned PCR product was then used as a targeting sequence to disrupt the putative polyketide synthase gene, WdPKS1, in W. dermatitidis. The resulting wdpks1Delta disruptants showed no morphological defects other than an albino phenotype and grew at the same rate as their black wild-type parent. Using a marker rescue approach, the intact WdPKS1 gene was then successfully recovered from two plasmids. The WdPKS1 gene was also isolated independently by complementation of the mel3 mutation in an albino mutant of W. dermatitidis using a cosmid library. Sequence analysis substantiated that WdPKS1 encoded a putative polyketide synthase (WdPks1p) in a single open reading frame consisting of three exons separated by two short introns. This conclusion was supported by the identification of highly conserved Pks domains for a beta-ketoacyl synthase, an acetyl-malonyl transferase, two acyl carrier proteins, and a thioesterase in the deduced amino acid sequence. Studies using a neutrophil killing assay and a mouse acute-infection model confirmed that all wdpks1Delta strains were less resistant to killing and less virulent, respectively, than their wild-type parent. Reconstitution of 1,8-DHN melanin biosynthesis in a wdpks1Delta strain reestablished its resistance to killing by neutrophils and its ability to cause fatal mouse infections.  (+info)

Purification and characterization of cyclohexanone 1,2-monooxygenase from Exophiala jeanselmei strain KUFI-6N. (8/79)

Baeyer-Villiger cyclohexanone 1,2-monooxygenase (CHMO) was purified 17.1-fold from cell extracts of the fungus Exophiala jeanselmei grown on cyclohexanol to electrophoretically homogeneity by serial chromatographies. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was approximately 74 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. Some enzymic characterizations were studied. The NH2-terminal amino acid residues were Ala-Lys-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Leu-Ile-Val-Gly-Ala-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-Ile-Tyr-Gln-Leu-, with similarity to the bacterial CHMOs of FAD-binding and NADPH-dependent type Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases.  (+info)

"Exophiala" is a genus of fungi that belongs to the family Herpotrichiellaceae. These fungi are also known as black yeasts because they can form pigmented, thick-walled cells that resemble yeast. They are widely distributed in the environment and have been found in various habitats such as soil, water, and air. Some species of Exophiala are known to cause human diseases, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. These infections can affect various organs, including the skin, lungs, and brain. It is important to note that while some species of Exophiala can be pathogenic, many others are not harmful to humans.

Phaeohyphomycosis is a broad term used to describe infections caused by dematiaceous (pigmented) fungi. These fungi have darkly pigmented cell walls containing melanin, which can be seen under the microscope. The infection can involve various tissues in the body, including the skin, nails, hair, lungs, and brain. Symptoms depend on the site of infection and may include skin lesions, lung nodules, or brain abscesses. Diagnosis typically requires identification of the fungus in tissue samples. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgical removal of infected tissue and antifungal medications.

Mycoses are a group of diseases caused by fungal infections. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, lungs, and internal organs. The severity of mycoses can range from superficial, mild infections to systemic, life-threatening conditions, depending on the type of fungus and the immune status of the infected individual. Some common types of mycoses include candidiasis, dermatophytosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be topical or systemic, depending on the location and severity of the infection.

"Phialophora" is a genus of fungi that belongs to the family Herpotrichiellaceae. These fungi are characterized by their pigmented, septate hyphae and the production of flask-shaped conidiogenous cells called phialides. Some species of Phialophora are known to cause various types of infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. For example, Phialophora verrucosa is a common cause of chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal infection that often affects the skin and underlying tissues, leading to the formation of warty or cauliflower-like lesions. Proper diagnosis and treatment of Phialophora infections typically require consultation with a medical professional and may involve the use of antifungal medications.

Dermatomycoses are a group of fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Dermatophyte infections, also known as tinea, are the most common type of dermatomycoses and can affect different areas of the body, such as the scalp (tinea capitis), beard (tinea barbae), body (tinea corporis), feet (tinea pedis or athlete's foot), hands (tinea manuum), and nails (tinea unguium or onychomycosis). Yeast infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans, can lead to conditions like candidal intertrigo, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Mold infections are less common but can cause skin disorders like scalded skin syndrome and phaeohyphomycosis. Dermatomycoses are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications.

The ribosomal spacer in DNA refers to the non-coding sequences of DNA that are located between the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These spacer regions are present in the DNA of organisms that have a nuclear genome, including humans and other animals, plants, and fungi.

In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, there are two ribosomal RNA genes, 16S and 23S, separated by a spacer region known as the intergenic spacer (IGS). In eukaryotic cells, there are multiple copies of ribosomal RNA genes arranged in clusters called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), which are located on the short arms of several acrocentric chromosomes. Each cluster contains hundreds to thousands of copies of the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA genes, separated by non-transcribed spacer regions known as internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and external transcribed spacers (ETS).

The ribosomal spacer regions in DNA are often used as molecular markers for studying evolutionary relationships among organisms because they evolve more rapidly than the rRNA genes themselves. The sequences of these spacer regions can be compared among different species to infer their phylogenetic relationships and to estimate the time since they diverged from a common ancestor. Additionally, the length and composition of ribosomal spacers can vary between individuals within a species, making them useful for studying genetic diversity and population structure.

Chitin synthase is an enzyme that is responsible for the biosynthesis of chitin, which is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. Chitin is a structural component in the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, as well as in the cell walls of fungi.

Chitin synthase catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to a growing chitin chain. There are several different isoforms of chitin synthase, which are classified based on their sequence similarity and biochemical properties. These isoforms play distinct roles in the biosynthesis of chitin in different organisms.

Inhibitors of chitin synthase have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for the control of insect pests and fungal pathogens.

Itraconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections, including blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and candidiasis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes, thereby disrupting the integrity and function of these membranes. Itraconazole is available in oral and intravenous forms for systemic use and as a topical solution or cream for localized fungal infections.

Medical Definition:
Itraconazole (i-tra-KON-a-zole): A synthetic triazole antifungal agent used to treat various fungal infections, such as blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and candidiasis. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes, leading to disruption of their integrity and function. Itraconazole is available in oral (capsule and solution) and intravenous forms for systemic use and as a topical solution or cream for localized fungal infections.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, progressive fungal infection of the skin and underlying tissues. It is caused by several species of dematiaceous (melanin-containing) fungi, which are typically found in soil and organic matter. The disease is most commonly acquired through traumatic inoculation of the fungus into the skin, often through minor cuts, scrapes, or puncture wounds.

The infection initially presents as a painless papule or nodule at the site of inoculation, which may gradually enlarge and become verrucous (wart-like) or cauliflower-like in appearance. The lesions can be single or multiple and are typically found on the lower extremities, particularly the feet and legs. Dissemination to other parts of the body is rare but can occur in immunocompromised individuals.

Chromoblastomycosis is characterized by the formation of muriform (medlar) bodies, which are thick-walled, rectangular, or rounded fungal cells with multiple septations. These structures can be found within giant cells and histiocytes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues and are considered pathognomonic for the disease.

Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis is typically made through a combination of clinical presentation, histopathological examination, and fungal culture. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgical excision, physical treatments (such as cryotherapy, thermotherapy, or laser therapy), and antifungal medications (such as itraconazole, posaconazole, or terbinafine). The prognosis for chromoblastomycosis is generally good with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment; however, the infection can become chronic and disfiguring if left untreated or inadequately managed.

Mitosporic fungi, also known as asexual fungi or anamorphic fungi, are a group of fungi that produce mitospores (also called conidia) during their asexual reproduction. Mitospores are produced from the tip of specialized hyphae called conidiophores and are used for dispersal and survival of the fungi in various environments. These fungi do not have a sexual reproductive stage or it has not been observed, making their taxonomic classification challenging. They are commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and water, and some of them can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Examples of mitosporic fungi include Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species.

'Cladosporium' is a genus of fungi that are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil, decaying plant material, and indoor air. These fungi are known for their dark-pigmented spores, which can be found in various shapes and sizes depending on the species. They are important causes of allergies and respiratory symptoms in humans, as well as plant diseases. Some species of Cladosporium can also produce toxins that may cause health problems in susceptible individuals. It is important to note that medical definitions typically refer to specific diseases or conditions that affect human health, so 'Cladosporium' itself would not be considered a medical definition.

Mycological typing techniques are methods used to identify and classify fungi at the species or strain level, based on their unique biological characteristics. These techniques are often used in clinical laboratories to help diagnose fungal infections and determine the most effective treatment approaches.

There are several different mycological typing techniques that may be used, depending on the specific type of fungus being identified and the resources available in the laboratory. Some common methods include:

1. Phenotypic methods: These methods involve observing and measuring the physical characteristics of fungi, such as their growth patterns, colonial morphology, and microscopic features. Examples include macroscopic and microscopic examination, as well as biochemical tests to identify specific metabolic properties.

2. Genotypic methods: These methods involve analyzing the DNA or RNA of fungi to identify unique genetic sequences that can be used to distinguish between different species or strains. Examples include PCR-based methods, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, as well as sequencing-based methods, such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

3. Proteotypic methods: These methods involve analyzing the proteins expressed by fungi to identify unique protein profiles that can be used to distinguish between different species or strains. Examples include matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Mycological typing techniques are important tools for understanding the epidemiology of fungal infections, tracking outbreaks, and developing effective treatment strategies. By accurately identifying the specific fungi causing an infection, healthcare providers can tailor their treatments to target the most vulnerable aspects of the pathogen, improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of drug resistance.

Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the subcutis or hypodermis, is the layer of fatty connective tissue found beneath the dermis (the inner layer of the skin) and above the muscle fascia. It is composed mainly of adipose tissue, which serves as a energy storage reservoir and provides insulation and cushioning to the body. The subcutaneous tissue also contains blood vessels, nerves, and immune cells that support the skin's functions. This layer varies in thickness depending on the location in the body and can differ significantly between individuals based on factors such as age, genetics, and weight.

... alcalophila Exophiala angulospora Exophiala attenuata Exophiala calicioides Exophiala castellanii Exophiala ... Exophiala hongkongensis Exophiala jeanselmei Exophiala lecanii-corni Exophiala mansonii Exophiala mesophila Exophiala moniliae ... Exophiala negronii Exophiala phaeomuriformis Exophiala pisciphila Exophiala psychrophila Exophiala salmonis Exophiala spinifera ... Some sources equate Hortaea werneckii, Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii, and Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. Exophiala ...
"Clinical Spectrum of Exophiala Infections and a Novel Exophiala Species, Exophiala hongkongensis". Journal of Clinical ... Exophiala phaeomuriformis is a member of the genus Exophiala, described in 1952 based on E. jeanselmei. Thirty species of ... Exophiala phaeomuriformis is thermophilic fungus belonging to the genus Exophiala and the family Herpotrichiellaceae. it is a ... Exophiala phaeomuriformis in MycoBank. Exophiala phaeomuriformis in Index Fungorum (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, ...
... is a mesophilic black yeast and member of the dark septate endophytes. This saprotrophic fungus is found ... Exophiala pisciphila is an exclusively asexual fungus that exhibits both filamentous and yeast-like growth. Due to its variable ... In 1974, Michael McGinnis and Libero Ajello reevaluated the fungus and identified it as a new species Exophiala pisciphila. The ... Řehulka, J; Kubátová, A; Hubka, V (March 2018). "Swim bladder mycosis in pretty tetra (Hemigrammus pulcher) caused by Exophiala ...
"Clinical spectrum of Exophiala infections and a novel Exophiala species, Exophiala hongkongensis". Journal of Clinical ... Exophiala hongkongensis is known only from Hong Kong. Known cases of onychomycosis caused by Exophiala are rare, although this ... Exophiala hongkongensis is an ascomycete fungus species. Described as new to science in 2013, it was discovered on the toenail ... In addition to Exophiala hongkongensis, Woo and colleagues identified additional cases caused by E. oligosperma and E. bergeri ...
... is considered to be one of the most pathogenic fungi in the genus Exophiala, and is highly deadly, with ... Exophiala dermatitidis has also been reported as the etiological agent of lung infections causing pneumonia. Exophiala ... Exophiala dermatitidis has carotenoid pigments in its cell wall that may serve a role in protecting E. dermatitidis from UV ... Exophiala dermatitidis is a thermophilic black yeast, and a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae. While the species is only found ...
"Clinical Spectrum of Exophiala Infections and a Novel Exophiala Species, Exophiala hongkongensis". Journal of Clinical ... Exophiala jeanselmei is affiliated with the ascomycete genus Capronia. Exophiala jeanselmei is commonly found in soil, plants, ... Exophiala jeanselmei is a saprotrophic fungus in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. Four varieties have been discovered: Exophiala ... "Exophiala jeanselmei". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. "Exophiala spp". Doctor Fungus. Archived from the ...
Exophiala - 59 spp. Fonsecaea - 16 spp. Marinophialophora - 1 sp. Melanoctona - 1 sp. Metulocladosporiella - 6 spp. ...
Exophiala J.W. Carmich. - 51 spp. Fonsecaea Negroni - 8 spp. Marinophialophora J.F.Li, Phook. & K.D.Hyde - 1 sp. Melanoctona ...
Exophiala oligosperma causing olecranon bursitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41:4779-4782. Janovsky, M., A. Gröne, D. ... It can be associated an array of melanistic filamentous fungi including Alternaria species, Exophiala jeanselmei, and ... October 2009). "Two cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala jeanselmei: diagnostic significance of direct ...
April 2007). "Eumycetoma pedis due to Exophiala jeanselmei". Indian J Med Microbiol. 25 (2): 155-7. doi:10.1016/S0255-0857(21) ... Black discharge tends to be caused by species from the genera Madurella, Pyrenochaeta, Exophiala, Leptosphaeria and Curvularia ... bantiana Cladophialophora mycetomatis Curvularia geniculata Curvularia lunata Cylindrocarpon cyanescens Exophiala jeanselmei ...
Reid BJ (July 1998). "Exophiala werneckii causing tinea nigra in Scotland". The British Journal of Dermatology. 139 (1): 157-8 ...
Several types of fungi including Cladophialophora, Exophiala, Leptodontidium (syn. Leptodontium), Pseudeurotium zonatum, and ...
species of the genera Cladophialophora and Exophiala (of the order Chaetothyriales) assimilate toluene. Aspergillus and ...
The fungus is thought to be closely related to Exophiala dermatitidis, and is often hypothesized in literature to be the ... Its anamorph is thought to be Exophiala mansonii but uncertainty and discourse remains. The original anamorph was first thought ... "Molecular systematics of the Herpotrichiellaceae with an assessment of the phylogenetic positions of Exophiala dermatitidis and ... to be Rhinocladiella atrovirens and then Exophiala castellanii An analysis of rRNA gene sequences concluded that C. mansonii is ...
Exophiala, and Phoma. Most of the fungi contaminants were also found to be associated with bacterial contaminants "but on three ... solani Aspergillus versicolor Exophiala Phoma Scedosporium Arthrobotrys oligospora Cephaliophora irregularis Scedosporium ...
Matos, T; De Hoog, GS; De Boer, AG; De Crom, I; Haase, G (2002). "High prevalence of the neurotrope Exophiala dermatitidis and ... such as Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis. Several species are associated with lichens as well as other phototrophs and ... "The neurotropic black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis has a possible origin in the tropical rain forest". Studies in Mycology. 61 ...
Exophiala dermatitidis, Fusarium dimerum, and Aureobasidum melanogenum. WIth the exception of Debaryomyces hansenii, which is ...
Along with Exophiala jeanselmei, Madurella grisea is one of the most common pathogenic agents associated with eumycetoma. ...
Exophiala, and Phialophora. Resistance is quite commonly seen as well in treatment-naive patients and under current treatment ...
Exophiala salmonis causes an infection in which growth of hyphae in the kidneys causes swelling of the abdomen. A cellular ...
Exophiala calicioides, Herpotrichiellaceae C. columnare (H.J. Swart) S.P. Abbott (2016) = Kernia columnaris C. cuneiferum (Berk ...
The five main causal fungi of chromoblastomycosis are F. compacta, F. pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Exophiala dermatitidis ...
... caused by Exophiala infection. It is held that this can occur if instruments are not cleaned properly. The risks for DJs ...
Exophiala dermatitidis, Curvularia pallescens, Ochroconis gallopava, Ramichloridium mackenziei, Pseudallescheria boydii), ...
Molds such as Trichoderma, Exophiala, Stachybotrys, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, Phialophora, Fusarium, ...
... and Exophiala dermatitidis and Scedosporium prolificans (chronic airway-colonizers); some filamentous fungi such as Penicillium ...
One of the main features that helped distinguish Ramichloridium and Rhinocladiella is the presence of Exophiala-like budding ...
... exophiala MeSH B05.381.366 - fusarium MeSH B05.381.380 - geotrichum MeSH B05.381.385 - gliocladium MeSH B05.381.420 - ...
... bantiana Cladophialophora mycetomatis Curvularia geniculata Curvularia lunata Cylindrocarpon cyanescens Exophiala jeanselmei ...
Exophiala salmonis, Hymenogastraceae including Hymenogaser cytrinus and H. bulliardii., Pezizomycetes, Sebacina sp. and ...
Exophiala alcalophila Exophiala angulospora Exophiala attenuata Exophiala calicioides Exophiala castellanii Exophiala ... Exophiala hongkongensis Exophiala jeanselmei Exophiala lecanii-corni Exophiala mansonii Exophiala mesophila Exophiala moniliae ... Exophiala negronii Exophiala phaeomuriformis Exophiala pisciphila Exophiala psychrophila Exophiala salmonis Exophiala spinifera ... Some sources equate Hortaea werneckii, Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii, and Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. Exophiala ...
Cite this: Exophiala Infection From Contaminated Injectable Steroids Prepared by a Compounding Pharmacy - United States, July- ... Exophiala Infection From Contaminated Injectable Steroids Prepared by a Compounding Pharmacy - United States, July-November ... On July 24, a fungus cultured from CSF was identified as Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis. Amphotericin B was discontinued, ... Slide culture of Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis stained with lactophenol blue demonstrating conidial structure and numerous ...
15 cancer patients contracted Exophiala dermatitidis fungal infections after receiving port implants and IV medications from ... What is Exophiala Dermatitidis?. Exophiala dermatitidis is a fungus categorized as black yeast. Human infection with Exophiala ... Home » Legal News » Medical Products And Procedures » Exophiala Dermatitidis Outbreak at Oncology Clinic in New York City ... On May 24, 2016, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene notified the CDC of two cases of Exophiala ...
A fatal neonatal case of fungemia due to Exophiala dermatitidis-case report and literature review. Mpakosi A, Siopi M, ... Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002 ... Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002 ... Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002 ...
Infections caused by Exophiala species are typically seen in immunocompromised hosts and manifest most commonly as cutaneous or ... Described is the first identified case of disseminated Exophiala dermatitidis causing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in a ... Microscopy of the culture revealed a melanized fungus, identified as Exophiala dermatitidis. Voriconazole was initially ... Exophiala dermatitidis is a melanized fungus isolated from many environmental sources. ...
A 30.43-Mb draft genome sequence with 10,355 predicted protein-coding genes was produced for the ascomycete fungus Exophiala ... A 30.43-Mb draft genome sequence with 10,355 predicted protein-coding genes was produced for the ascomycete fungus Exophiala ...
... is a widespread fungus commonly found in soil and sewage. It causes mycetoma and opportunistic infections in humans. ... Most cases of infection caused by Exophiala are included in the first two categories. Visceral or systemic disease is very rare ... Human infection caused by Exophiala can be separated into three types: superficial infections, cutaneous and subcutaneous ...
Culture of the lesions and molecular analyses of the sequences generated identified a novel Exophiala species, Exophiala sp. ... Exophiala sp. nov. isolates, that had greater than 99% nucleotide sequence identity to that isolated from seadragons, were ... Naturally occurring Exophiala species infection has been reported in both captive marine and freshwater teleosts, and in ... In a separate pilot study, we confirmed that salmon in freshwater aquaria were susceptible to Exophiala sp. nov. infection by ...
Information on Healthcare Water System Repair and Recovery Following a Boil Water Alert or Disruption of Water Supply. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Taxonomy of Exophiala werneckii and its relation to Microsporum mansonii. July 1979 · Sabouraudia ... Study of the neotype culture of Exophiala werneckii (Cladosporium werneckii), as well as additional isolates, has shown that ...
Eumycetoma is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection caused by various genera of fungi. Approximately 40% of mycetomas worldwide are eumycotic as opposed to actinomycotic (ie, caused by bacterial actinomycetes).
Information on Healthcare Water System Repair and Recovery Following a Boil Water Alert or Disruption of Water Supply. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Exophiala dermatitidis EXF-8470 (EXDE), Aureobasidium melanogenum EXF-8432 (AUME); and the three filamentous fungi, i.e., ... Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Exophiala dermatitidis, while the remaining tested fungi showed only minor sensitivity to ... Rhodotorula mucilaginosa EXF-8417 and Exophiala dermatitidis EXF-8470, Aureobasidium melanogenum EXF-8432), and three ...
Exophiala J.W. Carmich. - 51 spp.. * Fonsecaea Negroni - 8 spp.. * Marinophialophora J.F.Li, Phook. & K.D.Hyde - 1 sp. ...
Matos, T; De Hoog, GS; De Boer, AG; De Crom, I; Haase, G (2002). "High prevalence of the neurotrope Exophiala dermatitidis and ... such as Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis. Several species are associated with lichens as well as other phototrophs and ... "The neurotropic black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis has a possible origin in the tropical rain forest". Studies in Mycology. 61 ...
Categories: Exophiala Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 19 images ...
Exophiala dermatitidis. 43.80. 50.95. 73.98. Biswas et al. (2003). Candida albicans. 35.36. 96.10. 37.37. Tanaka et al. (1985) ...
Inherited CARD9 Deficiency in 2 Unrelated Patients With Invasive Exophiala Infection. J Infect Dis (2015) 211(8):1241-50. doi: ...
Multifocal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala xenobiotica in a kidney transplant recipient.. Palmisano A; Morio F; Le Pape P ... Three cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Exophiala jeanselmei.. Martínez-González MC; Verea MM; Velasco D; Sacristán F; ... 4. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Case report and literature review. ...
The most common species include Exophiala, Wangiella, and Phialophora. These organisms are found in moist environments, such as ...
Exophiala salmonis causes an infection in which growth of hyphae in the kidneys causes swelling of the abdomen. ...
Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy--United States, July-November 2002 ... For example, outbreaks of fungal meningitis in 2002 with Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis and more recently in 2012 with ... For example, outbreaks of fungal meningitis in 2002 with Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis and more recently in 2012 with ...
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) resulting from impaired killing of bacteria and fungi. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses resulting in granuloma formation and other inflammatory disorders such as colitis. Infections typically involve the lung (pneumonia), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), liver (abscess), bone (osteomyelitis), and skin (abscesses or cellulitis). Granulomas typically involve the genitourinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the pylorus initially, and later the esophagus, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). Some males with X-linked CGD have McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome as the result of a contiguous gene deletion. While CGD may present anytime from infancy to late adulthood, the vast majority of affected individuals are diagnosed before age five years. Use of
Exophiala B01.300.381.366 Fusarium B01.300.381.380 Geotrichum B01.300.381.385 Gliocladium B01.300.381.420 Helminthosporium ...
2 The most commonly isolated fungi were Exophiala species, which can colonize the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and ...
Specific microbes isolated from FDA testing include Bacillus (a bacterium) and fungal Exophiala in the Dr. Bernes MSM Drops 5 ...
MSB 220: MTB 720: E. coli 2,840: Exophiala dermatitidis 1,100: S. cerevisiae 1,950 ribosomes/0.1fL cytoplasm ...
Exophiala dermatitidis, Curvularia pallescense, Ochronosis gallopava, Ramichloridium mackenziei) ...
  • Exophiala alcalophila Exophiala angulospora Exophiala attenuata Exophiala calicioides Exophiala castellanii Exophiala dermatitidis Exophiala dopicola Exophiala exophialae Exophiala heteromorpha Exophiala hongkongensis Exophiala jeanselmei Exophiala lecanii-corni Exophiala mansonii Exophiala mesophila Exophiala moniliae Exophiala negronii Exophiala phaeomuriformis Exophiala pisciphila Exophiala psychrophila Exophiala salmonis Exophiala spinifera Exophiala werneckii Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). (wikipedia.org)
  • Exophiala dermatitidis. (nih.gov)
  • Members of Chaetothyriales (class Eurotiomycetes) are found in hydrocarbon-rich environments or in nutrient-poor, moist indoor environments, and may occur as opportunistic pathogens of vertebrate hosts, such as Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exophiala dermatitidis (hereafter, Exophiala or E. dermatitidis, also known as Wangiella derma- titidis), a highly melanized black fungus and perhaps best known for its H. sapiens (hereafter, human) path- ogenic properties (Paolo et al. (unl.edu)
  • 2008), is a potential model extremophile system owing to its small genome of 26.4 Mb (Exophiala dermatitidis NIH/UT8656 Genome, 2011) and its demonstrated extremotolerance with respect to temperature (heat and cold) (Paolo et al. (unl.edu)
  • The combination of its small genome (Exophiala dermatitidis NIH/UT8656 Genome, 2011), its ability to be cultured as yeast cells (Chen et al. (unl.edu)
  • In host evolution of Exophiala dermatitidis in cystic fibrosis lung micro-environment. (mysciencework.com)
  • While most respiratory infections that occur in CF are caused by bacteria, some are dominated by fungi such as the slow-growing black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis. (mysciencework.com)
  • We investigated the presence of fungi on the surface of stored apples, and addressed the ecological characteristics and importance of the Candida parapsilosis and Exophiala dermatitidis species complexes from a "One Health" perspective. (onehealthmycology.org)
  • We identified nine Candida parapsilosis , one Exophiala dermatitidis , and four Exophiala phaeomuriformis isolates. (onehealthmycology.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus, Scedosporium genus, and Exophiala dermatitidis are the most commonly isolated moulds from the respiratory tract secretions of CF patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Poyntner C., Blasi B., Arcalis E., Mirastschijski U., Sterflinger K., Tafer H. (2016) The Transcriptome of Exophiala dermatitidis during Ex-vivo Skin Model Infection . (boku.ac.at)
  • Exophiala is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the association between fruits and fungi is well established, we report the isolation of a human-pathogenic Exophiala species for the first time. (onehealthmycology.org)
  • Fungi: Exophiala / Herpotrichiellaceae / Chaetothyriales - Loves Dishwashers! (microbiomeprescription.com)
  • The Dr. Berne's product was contaminated with Exophiala fungi. (tspr.org)
  • A 30.43-Mb draft genome sequence with 10,355 predicted protein-coding genes was produced for the ascomycete fungus Exophiala mesophila strain CCFEE 6314, a black yeast isolated from Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities. (escholarship.org)
  • Exophiala alcalophila J33 is a black melanin producing black yeast. (doe.gov)
  • Prolonged culture of CSF later produced evidence of two distinct phaeomycotic moulds (Cladosporium sp and Exophiala sp), suggesting that fungal meningitis may also have contributed to the clinical picture. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Non-Aspergillus molds include mucormycetes such as Rhizopus and Mucor species, hyaline (colorless) molds such as Fusarium species, and dematiaceous (dark, melanin-containing) molds such as Curvularia and Exophiala species. (mystylit.com)
  • Exophiala werneckii is the organism responsible for tinea nigra. (wikipedia.org)
  • WASHINGTON - Tiffany Hennessa, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) research biologist, transferring the liquid culture of Exophiala lecanii-corni into new tubes in the Microbes for Multiple Uses in Space Project (MELSP) laboratory in Washington, D.C., October 10, 2023. (navy.mil)
  • Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility of Exophiala isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. (sciensano.be)
  • Final identification for Candida and Exophiala isolates was based on the sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and the D1-D2 region of the large subunit rDNA. (onehealthmycology.org)
  • Please confirm that you want to SAVE all your changes for 'Exophiala alcalophila J33 v1.0' . (doe.gov)
  • Exophiala can produce three different types of melanin: (1) 1,8-dihydroxy- naphthalene melanin (hereafter, DHN-melanin), also called naphthalene melanin, (2) DOPA-melanin, also known as eumelanin (Ito and Wakamatsu, 2011), and (3) pyomelanin. (unl.edu)
  • Exophiala has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung' or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a disease that can be contracted by woodwind instrumentalists (saxophonists, clarinettists, oboists, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1999), and production of eumelanin (Ito and Waka- matsu, 2011) makes Exophiala a potential model organism for human melanocytes, the cells in humans that produce melanins. (unl.edu)
  • The most common species include Exophiala , Wangiella , and Phialophora . (logicalimages.com)
  • A 30.43-Mb draft genome sequence with 10,355 predicted protein-coding genes was produced for the ascomycete fungus Exophiala mesophila strain CCFEE 6314, a black yeast isolated from Antarctic cryptoendolithic communities. (escholarship.org)
  • Exophiala is a widespread fungus commonly found in soil and sewage. (hcmionline.com)
  • Confirmation of melanized fungus in ulcerative skin lesions and in foci of renal necrosis, recovery of the fungus by culture from lesions, and identification of Exophiala species nov. by molecular testing of isolates fulfilled Koch's postulates for associating a pathogen with disease and indicated that Exophiala sp. (uconn.edu)
  • This fungus was previously known as Exophiala werneckii ). (patientcareonline.com)
  • Cladophialophora, Phialophora, Exophiala) and Capnodiales (e.g. (fapesp.br)
  • Infections caused by Exophiala species are typically seen in immunocompromised hosts and manifest most commonly as cutaneous or subcutaneous disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Naturally occurring Exophiala species infection has been reported in both captive marine and freshwater teleosts, and in cartilaginous fish, with high mortality. (uconn.edu)
  • Culture of the lesions and molecular analyses of the sequences generated identified a novel Exophiala species, Exophiala sp. (uconn.edu)
  • Exophiala spinifera is a fungal species that is known to induce chromoblastomycosis. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Compounding pharmacy A was the source of the methylprednisolone acetate administered to all five patients with Exophiala infections. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with possible clinic-associated Exophiala infections should be reported to their state health department and to CDC. (pritzkerlaw.com)
  • Human infection caused by Exophiala can be separated into three types: superficial infections, cutaneous and subcutaneous disease, and visceral or systemic disease. (hcmionline.com)
  • Experimental infections of chinook salmon in saltwater aquaria were conducted using Exophiala sp. (uconn.edu)
  • 4. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Case report and literature review. (nih.gov)
  • Exophiala is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Dr. Berne's product was contaminated with Exophiala fungi. (wcsufm.org)
  • 18. Multifocal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala xenobiotica in a kidney transplant recipient. (nih.gov)
  • Exophiala salmonis causes an infection in which growth of hyphae in the kidneys causes swelling of the abdomen. (allrefer.com)
  • Most cases of infection caused by Exophiala are included in the first two categories. (hcmionline.com)
  • While the source of the infection in these two separate populations of fish was thought to be environmental, culture of multiple tank environment sites and the water column during the phaeohyphomycotic outbreak in sandlance did not yield any Exophiala spp. (uconn.edu)
  • Researchers tested home dishwashers and found Exophiala in 62% of them. (hcmionline.com)
  • Specific microbes isolated from FDA testing include Bacillus (a bacterium) and fungal Exophiala in the Dr. Berne's MSM Drops 5 percent Solution. (healthday.com)
  • Exophiala has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung' or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a disease that can be contracted by woodwind instrumentalists (saxophonists, clarinettists, oboists, etc. (wikipedia.org)