## I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Estonia" is not a medical term; it is a country located in Northern Europe. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, feel free to ask!
#### Medical Definition of Latvia
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lithuania" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country located in northeastern Europe, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Baltic Sea to the west. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them!
A totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production with the professed aim of establishing a classless society.
The collective name for the republics of ESTONIA; LATVIA; and LITHUANIA on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p111)
"Eastern Europe," in a geomedical context, often refers to a region including countries that were once part of the Soviet Union or influenced by its culture and healthcare system, such as Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and sometimes including countries in the Balkan Peninsula and Baltic states."

Towards evidence-based health care reform. (1/264)

Health care reform in Europe is discussed in the light of the Ljubljana Charter, with particular reference to progress made in Estonia and Lithuania.  (+info)

Isolation and characterization of Dobrava hantavirus carried by the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in Estonia. (2/264)

Dobrava hantavirus (DOB) was isolated from the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) trapped on Saaremaa Island, Estonia, and its genetic and antigenic characteristics were subsequently analysed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Estonian DOB strain, together with several wild strains carried by Apodemus agrarius, forms a well-supported lineage within the DOB clade. The topography of the trees calculated for the S, M and L nucleotide sequences of the Estonian DOB suggests a similar evolutionary history for all three genes of this virus and, therefore, the absence of heterologous reassortment in its evolution. A cross-neutralization comparison of the Estonian virus with the prototype DOB, isolated from a yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) in Slovenia, revealed 2- to 4-fold differences in the end-point titres of rabbit and human antisera. When studied with a panel of 25 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), the Estonian and Slovenian DOB isolates showed similar antigenic patterns that could be distinguished by two MAbs. Genetic comparison showed sequence differences in all three genome segments of the two DOB isolates, including an additional N-glycosylation site in the deduced sequence of the G2 protein from the Estonian virus. Whether any of these mutations relates to the different rodent hosts rather than to the distant geographical origin of the two isolates remains to be resolved. Taken together, our observations suggest that A. agrarius, which is known to harbour Hantaan virus in Asia, carries another hantavirus, DOB, in north-east Europe.  (+info)

Comparison of enterovirus-specific cellular immunity in two populations of young children vaccinated with inactivated or live poliovirus vaccines. (3/264)

Enterovirus-specific cellular immunity was studied in Estonian and in Finnish children at the age of 9 months. The aim was to evaluate the level of responsiveness in two neighbouring countries with different poliovirus immunization practices and striking differences in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a disease in which early enterovirus infections are an aetiological risk factor. The Estonian children immunized with live attenuated polio vaccine had stronger T cell responses to coxsackievirus B4 and poliovirus type 1 when compared with Finnish children immunized with inactivated polio vaccine (median stimulation indices 10.4 and 6.3 in Estonian children and 1.9 and 2.9 in Finnish children, respectively; P < 0.05). Lymphocytes stimulated by poliovirus type 1 antigen expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNAs, which strongly correlated with the level of proliferation responses. Lymphocytes of Estonian children had a tendency towards stronger expression of IFN-gamma upon poliovirus challenge when compared with Finnish children. The number of children who had experienced coxsackievirus B infections, as determined by the presence of neutralizing antibodies, did not differ between Estonian and Finnish children. The results show that Finnish children have weaker cellular immunity against enteroviruses at the age of 9 months compared with Estonian children at the same age. This is most probably due to the difference in polio vaccination schedules; in Estonia live poliovirus vaccine is used and given at earlier ages than the inactivated vaccines in Finland. This leads to stronger T cell immunity which cross-reacts with other enterovirus serotypes. This may explain the lower incidence of IDDM in Estonia by providing effective protection against diabetogenic enterovirus strains in Estonian children.  (+info)

Feasibility of cohort studies in Estonia. (4/264)

OBJECTIVES: To describe the methodology and feasibility of follow up for vital status in retrospective cohort studies in Estonia. METHODS: A cohort of 7412 workers who had been employed at two factories in Tallinn between 1946 and 1988 was followed up for vital status from the date of first employment until death, emigration, or the end of the study, 31 December 1995, whichever occurred first. The cohort was electronically linked with the National Population Registry of Estonia that was created in 1992 and includes personal identification numbers of Estonian citizens and residents, and the Mortality Database that contains information from death certificates issued in 1983-95. A manual search was carried out on several non-computerised population data sources and archives. RESULTS: By 31 December 1995, the vital status of 6780 (91.5%) subjects could be traced (4495 (60.6%) subjects were alive, 1993 (26.9%) had died, and 292 (3.9%) had emigrated). Analysis by calendar period of leaving work showed that the proportion of subjects traced was lowest in the group of workers who had left work between 1946 and 1955 (58.4%), especially those whose age at leaving work was < 30 (53.2%) or > 60 years (42.3%). Among subjects who left work in 1956-65, 1966-75, and 1976-88, the follow up rate was 84.7%, 94.6%, and 98.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings, which are especially important for occupational epidemiology, confirm the feasibility of conducting retrospective cohort studies in Estonia. Most of the issues discussed in the paper apply to other former Soviet countries.  (+info)

Diphtheria in Estonia, 1991-1996. (5/264)

Clinical diphtheria reappeared in Estonia in 1991. Between 1991 and 1996, 61 cases and 5 deaths occurred; 19 cases were among children 5-9 years of age, and 11 were among persons 40-49 years of age. From 1993-1995, vaccine supplies donated by Finland were used in vaccination programs. In 1995, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the Estonian Red Cross launched a mass vaccination campaign targeting the adult population. By the end of 1997, it was estimated that 46% of adults had received at least one dose of vaccine. Although the vaccination campaigns did not target the pediatric population, vaccination coverage in school-aged children remained high due to continuing routine vaccination programs. The reappearance and epidemic of clinical diphtheria cases and the mass vaccination campaign efforts demonstrated that preventive measures are important and must be maintained in order to keep diphtheria under control.  (+info)

Setting national standards for practice equipment. Presence of equipment in Estonian practices before and after introduction of guidelines with feedback. (6/264)

BACKGROUND: During the last few years quality assurance has received increasing attention in Estonian health care as well as in family medicine, which is a new speciality in Estonia (since 1993). The modest equipment that district doctors (former primary care doctors) had at their disposal, appeared inadequate considering family doctors' work tasks. AIM: To determine the type of equipment available in primary care practices before setting a standard, and 1 year after the minimal standard of practice equipment was introduced. To follow how well family doctors adhere to this standard. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of district doctors (n=157) in 1992 and to all family doctors practising as independent contractors in 1998 (n=376). Quality of equipping was assessed against the standard set by consensus of the representatives of Family Doctors' Society, based on the country's needs and family doctor's job description. RESULTS: The level of primary care doctors' office equipment in 1992 was quite low. However, by the spring of 1998, substantial improvement of the equipment in family doctors' practices was estimated. The number of doctors possessing instruments for otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological and gynaecological work as well as for taking care of children had increased two- to three-fold. About one-half of the family doctors reported that they had all the instruments listed in the standard. CONCLUSIONS: Setting a national standard helps to improve practice equipment--an important structural aspect of quality of care. Although improvement of equipment alone cannot guarantee quality of care, it may provide an important first step towards promoting it.  (+info)

Social determinants of birthweight and length of gestation in Estonia during the transition to democracy. (7/264)

BACKGROUND: To investigate social variation in birthweight and length of gestation in Estonia in the period of transition to a democracy and market economy. METHODS: All live births resulting from singleton pregnancies reported to the Estonian Medical Birth Registry in 1992-1997 (n = 84, 629) were studied with respect to social variation in birthweight and preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestation). The results were adjusted for maternal age, parity, education, nationality, marital status, smoking in pregnancy, sex of the infant (and gestational age). RESULTS: Between 1992 and 1997, mean birthweight increased from 3,465g to 3,497g (P < 0.001) and the preterm rate fell from 5.8% to 5.1% (P = 0.001). Maternal education, marital status and nationality were all independently related to the mean birthweight and the risk of preterm birth. The mean difference in birthweight between children of mothers with basic and university education was 87 g (95% CI : 74-100). Children born to mothers of non-Estonian compared to Estonian nationality were on average 77 g lighter (95% CI: 70-84). While the effect of nationality and marital status on birthweight was relatively stable during the study period, differences in birth outcome by maternal education became stronger. CONCLUSIONS: The mean birthweight increased and the preterm rate decreased in Estonia as a whole during the transition. However, the improvements were not shared equally by all social groups. An increase in variation in birthweight by maternal education was particularly notable.  (+info)

Alcohol consumption in the Baltic Republics. (8/264)

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Premature mortality associated with alcohol intake is of particular concern in several countries of the former Soviet Union. This study explored self reported alcohol consumption (beer, wine, spirits) and its determinants in the Baltic Republics. DESIGN: Cross sectional surveys conducted in 1997. SETTINGS: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. PARTICIPANTS: Representative samples of adults age 19-64 (Estonia n=2010; Latvia n=2258; Lithuania n=2139). METHODS: Between country differences in the frequency of alcohol intake were estimated. The odds of consuming alcohol weekly according to socioeconomic characteristics (age, ethnicity, rural/urban area, education, income) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusting for all variables simultaneously. MAIN RESULTS: The proportion of respondents consuming alcohol weekly varied by country (p<0.001) (men: Estonia=61% Latvia=41% Lithuania=55%; women: Estonia=26% Latvia=8% Lithuania=14%). Within each country, this proportion decreased with age in both sexes (p<0. 001), and increased with income in women (p<0.01). In Estonia, the odds of drinking alcohol weekly was significantly lower in respondents of Russian than of Estonian ethnicity (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI): men=0.51 (0.36, 0.71); women=0. 57 (0.39, 0.81)). In Lithuania, the odds was higher in highly educated men than in those with a low education level (OR=1.48 (1.01, 2.17)). Daily alcohol intake was higher in Estonia than in the other countries, as was the percentage of respondents drinking heavily (equivalent to 80 g/day). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half the men and one in six women in the Baltic States reported consuming alcohol at least weekly. Age and income were the strongest and most consistent correlates of the likelihood of consuming alcohol weekly. Ethnic differences were observed only in Estonia.  (+info)

I apologize for any confusion, but "Estonia" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in Northern Europe. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try and help answer them.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Latvia" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Northern Europe. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lithuania" is not a medical term. It is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Communism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless, stateless society in which all property and resources are owned in common and shared equally. In a communist system, the means of production, such as factories and land, are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, rather than by private individuals or corporations.

In medical terms, communism itself is not a disease or condition, but like any political ideology, it can have implications for healthcare policy and access to care. For example, in some communist countries, the government may provide universal healthcare coverage to all citizens, while in others, healthcare may be less accessible due to economic constraints or other factors.

It's important to note that the implementation of communism varies widely depending on the specific historical and cultural context, and there is no one "medical definition" of communism that applies universally.

The Baltic States, also known as the Baltic countries, refer to a geopolitical region in Northern Europe that comprises three sovereign states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These nations are located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, hence their name. The term "Baltic States" became widely used during the 20th century to refer to these countries, which share historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.

It is important to note that the Baltic States should not be confused with the geographical region known as the Baltic region or Balticum, which includes parts of Russia, Poland, Belarus, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, in addition to the three Baltic States.

The medical relevance of the Baltic States may include:

1. Sharing similar public health issues and challenges due to geographical proximity and historical context.
2. Collaboration in medical research, education, and healthcare policies.
3. Participation in international health organizations and agreements.
4. Exposure to common environmental factors that might impact public health, such as pollution in the Baltic Sea.

Eastern Europe is a geographical and political region of the European continent. The exact definition of Eastern Europe varies, but it generally includes the countries in Central and Eastern Europe that were part of the Soviet Union or aligned with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. These countries include:

* Belarus
* Bulgaria
* Czech Republic
* Hungary
* Moldova
* Poland
* Romania
* Russia (European portion)
* Slovakia
* Ukraine

Some definitions of Eastern Europe also include the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), which were part of the Soviet Union but are now independent countries. Other definitions may also include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia, which were part of the Eastern Bloc but not part of the Soviet Union.

It is important to note that the term "Eastern Europe" can be seen as problematic and outdated, as it is often associated with negative stereotypes and historical connotations from the Cold War era. Many people prefer to use more specific terms, such as "Central Europe," "Eastern Bloc," or "Soviet Union," to describe the region.

"Estonia and OECD". Estonia in OECD. "Estonia becomes 17th member of the euro zone". BBC News. 31 December 2010. "Estonia in the ... BBC News - Estonia country profile Estonia at UCB Libraries GovPubs Estonia at Curlie Wikimedia Atlas of Estonia 59°N 26°E /  ... Estonia portal Europe portal Outline of Estonia Index of Estonia-related articles /ɛsˈtoʊniə/ ess-TOH-nee-ə, Estonian: Eesti [ ... "Norden in Estonia". Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Estonia. Retrieved 11 August 2012. "Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 10 ...
Pilu is a village in Põltsamaa Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia. "X-GIS(4) Portal". xgis.maaamet.ee. Retrieved 26 July ...
Saula is a village in Kose Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. Saula is the location of Viking Village (Estonian: ...
Kaika is a village in Antsla Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and ...
Haldi is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. The village is first mentioned in 1798 (Halti). ...
Kerema is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. As of 2021 it had a population of 19, and has an ...
Indra is a village in Estonia, in Võru Parish, which belongs to Võru County. Classification of Estonian administrative units ...
Aimla is a village in Põhja-Sakala Parish, Viljandi County in Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and ...
Tamba is a village in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga. It had only ...
Vasta is a village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It has a population of 47 (as of 1 ...
Edise (German: Etz) is a village in Jõhvi Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia. It is located just northwest of the ...
Kiia is a village in Saue Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. "X-GIS(4) Portal". xgis.maaamet.ee. Retrieved 24 July 2021 ...
Vaali is a village in Järva Parish, Järva County in northern-central Estonia. "X-GIS(4) Portal". xgis.maaamet.ee. Retrieved 26 ...
Nursi is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements ...
Sonda is a small borough (alevik) in Lüganuse Parish Ida-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Prior to 2017, it was the ... Boroughs and small boroughs in Estonia, Lüganuse Parish). ...
Aburi is a village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Juhan Ross (1925-) -physicist ...
Aela is a village in Kose Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. Aela Landscape Conservation Area Classification of Estonian ...
Leila (German: Leilis) is a village in Lääne-Nigula Parish, Lääne County, in western Estonia. Classification of Estonian ...
Virve is a village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia, on the territory of Lahemaa National Park. It's located ...
Near Rebala was one of the first areas in Estonia where was phosphorite was mined, beginning in the 1920s. During the Soviet ... Rebala is a village in Jõelähtme Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. Rebala Heritage Reserve is named after Rebala ... Memory and the Value of Place in Estonia". In Schofield, John; Szymanski, Rosy (eds.). Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural ...
Undi is a village in Peipsiääre Parish, Tartu County in Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and ...
Mukri is a village in Kehtna Parish, Rapla County in northern-central Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units ...
Keo is a village in Rapla Parish, Rapla County in northwestern Estonia. Between 1991-2017 (until the administrative reform of ...
Horsa is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements ...
Seira is a village in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, in western Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and ...
Marga is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and ...
Jägala (German: Jaggowal) is a village in Jõelähtme Parish, Harju County, in northern Estonia. It lies on the Jägala river, ...
Eru is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia, on the territory of Lahemaa National Park. It's ... Former Prime Minister of Estonia Edgar Savisaar lives in Hundisilma farmstead in Eru village. "X-GIS(4) Portal". xgis.maaamet. ...
Purga is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia. Classification of Estonian administrative units and ...
The largest towns of Northern Estonia are Tallinn (capital of Estonia), Narva, Kohtla-Järve and Rakvere. Northern Estonia is ... Estonia has one of the largest deposits of oil shale in the world. In 2008, Estonia was the second largest producer of oil- ... Northern Estonia covers about a quarter of Estonia. It is located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. The shoreline ... Northern Estonia (Estonian: Põhja-Eesti) is a geographical region of Estonia, consisting of the three northernmost counties - ...
Estonia Proposes Additional Crisis Funding for Culture and Sports. By Aurelia Aasa ...
The Union of Free Evangelical and Baptist Churches of Estonia and the Roman Catholic Church in Estonia together comprise 1 ... a b c d e f Official census data from Statistics Estonia: *2000 Census: *. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit; ... This is thought to largely be a result of the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940,[citation needed] prior to which Estonia had ... Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1066. ISBN 9780761478966. . It is usually said that Estonia is a ...
Economic Survey of Estonia (June 2022). Since its independence, Estonia has made tremendous progress towards greater economic ... Economic Outlook Note - Estonia The Estonian economy is expected to contract by 1.3% in 2023 before expanding by 3.2% in 2024, ... Estonia is also a frontrunner in digital governance and innovation. Stable and secure digital services are in fact one of the ... Estonia enjoys solid institutions, political stability, a strong and credible fiscal policy, as well as a robust financial sector ...
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS. A lock ( ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites ...
CRS: Estonia: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, July 11, 2007. *CRS: European Union Candidate Countries: 2003 Referenda Results, ... Pages in category "Estonia". The following 46 pages are in this category, out of 46 total. ...
National Geographics latest travel stories about Estonia ... Visiting Estonia? Heres what the locals love. Visiting Estonia ...
"Estonia and OECD". Estonia in OECD. "Estonia becomes 17th member of the euro zone". BBC News. 31 December 2010. "Estonia in the ... BBC News - Estonia country profile Estonia at UCB Libraries GovPubs Estonia at Curlie Wikimedia Atlas of Estonia 59°N 26°E /  ... Estonia portal Europe portal Outline of Estonia Index of Estonia-related articles /ɛsˈtoʊniə/ ess-TOH-nee-ə, Estonian: Eesti [ ... "Norden in Estonia". Nordic Council of Ministers Office in Estonia. Retrieved 11 August 2012. "Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 10 ...
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Follow all the updates, stats, highlights, and odds on the Malta vs. Estonia match on Jun 09, 2022
Artillery Contract awards Contracts Defence procurement Estonia Multiple rocket launchers United States Weapons and ordnance ... https://www.janes.com/defence-news/land-forces/latest/estonia-orders-himars The Estonian Centre for Defence Investments (ECDI) ...
Russia condemns the removal of a Red Army war memorial in Estonia, sparking clashes between police and protesters. ... called for diplomatic relations with Estonia to be cut. Estonias government would not reveal where it took the six-foot (1.83m ... The statue was a symbol of occupation in Estonia and should have been removed in 1991 ... Estonia was mocking the dead, said Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. However, many Estonians saw the statue as a reminder ...
Estonia and the WTO - This page gathers key information on Estonias participation in the WTO. Estonia has been a member of WTO ... Estonia and the WTO. This page gathers key information on Estonias participation in the WTO. Estonia has been a member of WTO ...
HomeReportsBureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices...Estonia ... Estonia is a multiparty, constitutional democracy with a unicameral parliament, a prime minister as head of government, and a ... Children born to parents who are not citizens of Estonia or of any other country and have lived in the country for five years, ... Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Estonia ...
Statement by Jürgen Ligi, Chair of the Committee of Ministers, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia ... Statement by Jürgen Ligi, Chair of the Committee of Ministers and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Estonia ...
Holidays in Estonia 2024. Is Finno-Ugric Day a Public Holiday?. Even though Finno-Ugric Day falls on Saturday, October 21, 2023 ... 21Oct2023EstoniaSat, Oct 21, 2023 Add to calendar. Quick Facts. This year:. Sat, Oct 21, 2023. ...
... was 3381 Million Euros. Discover more data with NationMaster! ... Estonia - ICT Output Million Euros - 1995 to 2019. Since 2014, Estonia ICT Output was up 14.8% year on year. At €3,381.4 ... How does Estonia rank in ICT Output?. #. 37 Countries. Million Euros. Last. YoY. 5‑years CAGR. ... Estonia is overtaken by Slovenia, which was ranked number 27 with €3,565.2 Million and is followed by Lithuania with €2,978.4 ...
Estonia , et Finland , fi France , fr Germany , de Greece , el Hungary , hu Ireland , en Italy , it Latvia , lv Lithuania , lt ... Estonia , et Finland , fi France , fr Germany , de Global , en Greece , el Hong Kong S.A.R. , zh Hungary , hu India , en ...
... a representative of the government of Estonia, Florian Marcus, discusses the example of e-formality in Estonia. ... E-Estonia: The digital society .... E-Estonia: The digital society. New technologies are continuously transforming the world of ... a representative of the government of Estonia, Florian Marcus, discusses the example of e-formality in Estonia. ... e-Estonia: A digital society for the transition to formality [pdf 692KB] Web page. Transitioning to the formal economy through ...
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Instead, Estonia elected a man whom the U.S. State Department characterized on Friday as one of Americas major interlocutors ... As he put it, Estonia has faced many difficult questions in the past, but it now and in the future will face even more ... Nonetheless, by avoiding the shoals that have wrecked so many, Estonia will be in a better position to deal precisely with ... Instead, this vote allows for the possibility that Estonia will continue to face the difficult questions of national life and ...
Switzerland and Estonia Close Bilateral relations Switzerland-Estonia. An overview of Swiss diplomacy and involvement on the ... Bilateral Framework Agreement with Estonia. Framework Agreement Signing Ceremony in Estonia ©FDFA On 21 November 2022, Swiss ... Framework Agreement between Switzerland and Estonia (PDF, 16 Pages, 1.1 MB, English) ... Estonia and Lithuania. However, for all consular affairs, please contact the Regional Consular Centre Nordic and Baltic ...
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Today, 5G is switched on in the center of the three largest cities in Estonia: Tallinn, Tartu, and Pärnu and before the end of ... Telia and Ericsson switch on Estonias first commercial 5G network. Powered by Ericsson 5G technology including Ericsson Radio ... Looking towards 2021, Telia will expand the coverage of its 5G network and bring this technology to all of Estonia. Today, 5G ... Robert Pajos, CEO Telia Estonia, says: "Although the state has yet to issue 5G frequency licenses within the 3.5 GHz frequency ...
Estonia. · Finland. · France. ‡. · Georgia. ‡. · Germany. · Greece. · Hungary. · Iceland. · Republic of Ireland. · Italy. · ... Estonia. · Finland. · France. ‡. · Georgia. ‡. · Germany. · Greece. · Hungary. · Iceland. · Republic of Ireland. · Italy. · ... 1876 in Estonia This category includes works, events and everything related to the history of Estonia in 1876. ... Files which are both directly in Category:1876 and directly in Category:Estonia should be moved to this category. ...
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圧力測定フィルム「プレスケール(Prescale)」の構造や原理、その他特長をご紹介
Research outputs, collaborations and relationships for North Estonia Medical Centre ... Top 10 domestic collaborators with North Estonia Medical Centre by Share*. *Share of North Estonia Medical Centre, Estonia ... Top 10 international collaborators with North Estonia Medical Centre by Share*. *Share of North Estonia Medical Centre, Estonia ... North Estonia Medical Centre. *Psychiatry Clinic, North Estonia Medical Centre. Affiliated joint institutions and consortia. * ...
Home , Our work , Violence against Women , Act against rape! Use the (...) , All Countries Involved , Estonia Estonia. * ... Estonias current situation of sexual violence prevention, intervention responses to violence and collection of relevant ... 10.40 Overview of the situation in Estonia. Speakers and organisations involved Gynecologist Womens shelters Police and Border ...
  • And then, Meri told a press conference in Tallinn that he did not believe his second term would be an easy time for him or for Estonia. (rferl.org)
  • Today, 5G is switched on in the center of the three largest cities in Estonia: Tallinn, Tartu, and Pärnu and before the end of the year a total of 20 sites will be up and running. (ericsson.com)
  • TALLINN - An act passed by Parliament in January will step into force on July 1 as Estonia joins the convention of Europol, the European law enforcement organization set up to combat international crime and prevent breaches of law. (baltictimes.com)
  • The Swedish prime minister, Carl Bildt, became an outspoken defender of Estonia after Russian threats to impose economic sanctions on Tallinn heightened tensions in 1993. (countrystudies.us)
  • Reform Party leader Kaja Kallas arrives at a polling station during elections in Tallinn, Estonia, on Sunday. (theage.com.au)
  • TALLINN - Estonia could see its fastest passenger ship yet, the Galaxy, set sail this month, according to the ship's owner Tallinnk. (baltictimes.com)
  • The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for North Estonia Medical Centre published between 1 June 2022 - 31 May 2023 which are tracked by the Nature Index. (nature.com)
  • Looking towards 2021, Telia will expand the coverage of its 5G network and bring this technology to all of Estonia. (ericsson.com)
  • Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights brought Christianity to Estonia as part of the Livonian Crusade and during the Protestant Reformation , the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church became the established church . (wikipedia.org)
  • Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, however the country was repeatedly contested, invaded and occupied, first by the Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany in 1941, and was ultimately reoccupied in 1944 by, and annexed into, the USSR as an administrative subunit (Estonian SSR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The name Estonia (Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsʲti] ) has been connected to Aesti, a people first mentioned by Ancient Roman historian Tacitus around 98 AD. (wikipedia.org)
  • But on Thursday, Estonian Prime Minister Andrus Ansip said the relocation of the memorial was a matter for Estonia alone. (bbc.co.uk)
  • The Estonian Centre for Architecture has chosen the exhibition " Home Stage ," curated by Aet Ader , Arvi Anderson , Mari Möldre of b210 Architects , to represent the Pavilion of Estonia at the 18th International Architecture Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia . (archdaily.com)
  • After reviewing comprehensively the existing data and monitoring processes in Estonia, the OECD has prepared guidelines for education monitoring and a coherent set of indicators to support the achievement of the goals set in the Estonian Education Strategy 2035. (oecd.org)
  • After 1991 Estonia worked to maintain that relationship and integrate with European political institutions as a further safeguard against potential threats from Russia. (countrystudies.us)
  • The last Russian troops stationed in Estonia after 1991 finally were withdrawn in August 1994, but relations with Yeltsin's Kremlin remained cool. (countrystudies.us)
  • In the realm of security, Estonia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) in late 1991 and actively sought support for its efforts to become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). (countrystudies.us)
  • After applying in September 1991, Estonia had to hold its first free parliamentary elections in 1992 before being seriously considered for membership. (countrystudies.us)
  • Denmark's prime minister, Poul Schl ter, became in 1991 the first Western head of government to visit Estonia. (countrystudies.us)
  • [10] Aldis Purs, a professor of history at the University of Toronto writes that in Estonia, as well as Latvia, some evangelical Christian clergy attempted to resist the Soviet policy of state atheism by engaging in anti-regime activities such as Bible smuggling. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the main reasons why Latvia and even Kyrgyzstan were more successful than Estonia in winning WTO membership is that Estonia started accession talks from a very unique position. (baltictimes.com)
  • The Baltic Times is an independent monthly newspaper that covers latest political, economic, business, and cultural events in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. (baltictimes.com)
  • Estonia is overtaken by Slovenia, which was ranked number 27 with €3,565.2 Million and is followed by Lithuania with €2,978.4 Million. (nationmaster.com)
  • Yet, progress on a free-trade agreement among the three countries was slow, and this situation was not helped in 1992 when Estonia elected a center-right government while Lithuania voted back in Algirdas Brazauskas and the former communists. (countrystudies.us)
  • During 1990-91 Estonia undertook a vigorous lobbying campaign on behalf of international support for its bid for independence from the Soviet Union. (countrystudies.us)
  • In the UN, Estonia would later find common ground with the East European countries as well as participate in the organization's various committees and auxiliary bodies, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (countrystudies.us)
  • To achieve the ambitious goals set in the strategy, Estonia requested support from the European Commission, under the Structural Reform Support Programme, in the area of education monitoring and data-informed decision making. (oecd.org)
  • Estonia is overtaken by Belarus, which was number 30 with 2.69 Units Per Hundred Square Kilometer and is followed by Azerbaijan at 2.58 Units Per Hundred Square Kilometer. (nationmaster.com)
  • [5] This is thought to largely be a result of the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940, [ citation needed ] prior to which Estonia had a large Christian majority. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since its independence, Estonia has made tremendous progress towards greater economic prosperity. (oecd.org)
  • Although the West generally remained in favor of renewed statehood for Estonia and the other Baltic states, Western leaders believed that the real key to that independence lay in Moscow. (countrystudies.us)
  • In the wake of independence, Estonia moved quickly to join the international community. (countrystudies.us)
  • In some respects, the development of Scandinavian ties appeared to be a higher priority for Estonia than the fostering of greater Baltic cooperation, begun during the three republics' common struggle for independence. (countrystudies.us)
  • Estonia is a developed country, with a high-income advanced economy, ranking 31st (out of 191) in the Human Development Index. (wikipedia.org)
  • By choosing Lennart Meri, who has presided over a difficult but ultimately very successful transition to democracy and a free market in his country, Estonia remains with the Czech Republic, led by President Vaclav Havel, as a beacon of the path between the Scylla of communism and the Charybdis of nationalism. (rferl.org)
  • Powered by Ericsson 5G technology including Ericsson Radio System products and solutions and using hardware produced in Estonia, Telia will be the first carrier to launch 5G in the country, providing high-speed connections to its customers and enabling innovation for businesses. (ericsson.com)
  • Media illustrating events of 1876 in Estonia should be added into the subcategory Category:Events by country by year . (wikimedia.org)
  • The United States is the only country with which bilateral talks still have to be completed, there'e also one issue open with Canada, Kull said, adding that the foreign ministry would do everything to get Estonia into the WTO before the end of this year. (baltictimes.com)
  • The highest FA rate was reported in Malta (51), while zero fatalities were reported in Estonia, Greece, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Sweden and Iceland. (cdc.gov)
  • Mr Lavrov said Russia would "take serious steps" following the removal and Russia's Federation Council (upper house) called for diplomatic relations with Estonia to be cut. (bbc.co.uk)
  • Growing instability in Russia and Western attempts to placate Russian nationalism left Estonia anxious for greater European security guarantees but wary of being squeezed again in great-power politics. (countrystudies.us)
  • Estonia considered admission the equivalent of a clean bill of health for its young democracy, which Russia had sought to tarnish with accusations of human rights violations. (countrystudies.us)
  • Stable and secure digital services are in fact one of the factors that have allowed Estonia to cushion better than others the sanitary and economic shock from the pandemic. (oecd.org)
  • Estonia has consistently ranked highly in international rankings for quality of life, education, press freedom, digitalisation of public services and the prevalence of technology companies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Estonia is also a frontrunner in digital governance and innovation. (oecd.org)
  • The report will be valuable not only for Estonia, but also to the many countries that are looking to strengthen monitoring practices, select relevant indicators, and promote data-informed decision making at every governance level to steer school improvement. (oecd.org)
  • The sovereign state of Estonia is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, administratively subdivided into 15 maakond (counties). (wikipedia.org)
  • Today, 5G opens up new business opportunities in Estonia and enables the innovation of tomorrow with the possibility of generating 391 million in net benefits for the country's GDP according to a recent Analysys Mason report on 5G use cases. (ericsson.com)
  • Instead, this vote allows for the possibility that Estonia will continue to face the difficult questions of national life and security in a dangerous world with the confidence that democratic legitimacy and economic progress alone can bring. (rferl.org)
  • The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Papal-sanctioned Livonian Crusade in the 13th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, Estonia elected a man whom the U.S. State Department characterized on Friday as one of America's 'major interlocutors in Europe' -- precisely because of his commitment to democratic values and to international cooperation on security and other issues. (rferl.org)
  • Jenny Lindqvist, Head of Ericsson Northern and Central Europe, says: "We are excited to enable Telia's launch of 5G in Estonia. (ericsson.com)
  • In a study of 5014 boys born at a single hospital in Estonia, 2.1% had one or both testicles undescended at birth. (medscape.com)
  • The index, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development for twenty years, documents the development of civil society in seventy-one countries around the world, including Estonia. (icnl.org)
  • This category includes works , events and everything related to the history of Estonia in 1876 . (wikimedia.org)
  • This category is NOT intended ONLY for photographs taken in 1876, nor is it intended for media uploaded or scanned in 1876, as the parent Category:Estonia by year goes in time past the invention of photography, scanners or computers. (wikimedia.org)
  • Files which are both directly in Category:1876 and directly in Category:Estonia should be moved to this category. (wikimedia.org)
  • Since 2014, Estonia ICT Output was up 14.8% year on year. (nationmaster.com)
  • At the present moment we still cannot say that there is reason to ring the bell and say that Estonia won't get into the WTO this year," said Kull. (baltictimes.com)
  • Since 2014, Estonia Rail Lines Density jumped by 2.4% year on year. (nationmaster.com)
  • Estonia has a population of 1.3 million, and nearly 1 million voters were eligible to elect parliament representatives to four-year terms. (theage.com.au)
  • Robert Pajos, CEO Telia Estonia, says: "Although the state has yet to issue 5G frequency licenses within the 3.5 GHz frequency range, Ericsson's 5G technology enables us to take advantage of frequencies already in use. (ericsson.com)
  • Estonia enjoys solid institutions, political stability, a strong and credible fiscal policy, as well as a robust financial sector. (oecd.org)
  • The Union of Free Evangelical and Baptist Churches of Estonia and the Roman Catholic Church in Estonia together comprise 1 percent of the population. (wikipedia.org)
  • In March 1992, Estonia took part in the creation of the Council of Baltic Sea States, an association of all the countries bordering the Baltic Sea and dedicated to furthering regional economic and political cooperation. (countrystudies.us)
  • Estonia is a multiparty, constitutional democracy with a unicameral parliament, a prime minister as head of government, and a president as head of state. (state.gov)