Excision of part (partial) or all (total) of the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.
Surgical formation of an external opening (stoma) into the esophagus.
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the esophagus.
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.
Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.
Surgical incision into the chest wall.
Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Generally speaking, it is the alkaline substance obtained from wood ashes by percolation. Preparations of lye can be solutions of either potassium or sodium hydroxide. The term lye, is also used to refer to the household product which is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.
Endoscopes for examining the pleural cavity.
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.
Surgical excision of one or more lymph nodes. Its most common use is in cancer surgery. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p966)
A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.
Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression.
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the duodenum.
The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.
Surgical formation of an opening through the ABDOMINAL WALL into the JEJUNUM, usually for enteral hyperalimentation.
A technique of closing incisions and wounds, or of joining and connecting tissues, in which staples are used as sutures.
A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Moving a patient into a specific position or POSTURE to facilitate examination, surgery, or for therapeutic purposes.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.
Plugs or cylinders made of cotton, sponge, or other absorbent material. They are used in surgery to absorb fluids such as blood or drainage.
Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.
An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.
A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.
STOMACH herniation located at or near the diaphragmatic opening for the ESOPHAGUS, the esophageal hiatus.
Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.
The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Abnormal passage between the ESOPHAGUS and the TRACHEA, acquired or congenital, often associated with ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA.
Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Saccular protrusion beyond the wall of the ESOPHAGUS.
Surgical procedures involving the STOMACH and sometimes the lower ESOPHAGUS to correct anatomical defects, or to treat MORBID OBESITY by reducing the size of the stomach. There are several subtypes of bariatric gastroplasty, such as vertical banded gastroplasty, silicone ring vertical gastroplasty, and horizontal banded gastroplasty.
The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.
Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).
An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.
Organs or parts of organs surgically formed from nearby tissue to function as substitutes for diseased or surgically removed tissue.

Erythromycin enhances early postoperative contractility of the denervated whole stomach as an esophageal substitute. (1/582)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early postoperative administration of erythromycin accelerates the spontaneous motor recovery process after elevation of the denervated whole stomach up to the neck. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Spontaneous motor recovery after gastric denervation is a slow process that progressively takes place over years. METHODS: Erythromycin was administered as follows: continuous intravenous (i.v.) perfusion until postoperative day 10 in ten whole stomach (WS) patients at a dose of either 1 g (n = 5) or 2 g (n = 5) per day; oral intake at a dose of 1 g/day during 1.5 to 8 months after surgery in 11 WS patients, followed in 7 of them by discontinuation of the drug during 2 to 4 weeks. Gastric motility was assessed with intraluminal perfused catheters in these 21 patients, in 23 WS patients not receiving erythromycin, and in 11 healthy volunteers. A motility index was established by dividing the sum of the areas under the curves of >9 mmHg contractions by the time of recording. RESULTS: The motility index after IV or oral administration of erythromycin at and after surgery was significantly higher than that without erythromycin (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.0090; i.v., 2 g: p = 0.0090; oral, 1 g: p = 0.0017). It was similar to that in healthy volunteers (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2818; oral, 1 g: p = 0.7179) and to that in WS patients with >3 years of follow-up who never received erythromycin (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2206; oral, 1 g: p = 0.8326). The motility index after discontinuation of the drug was similar or superior to that recorded under medication in four patients who did not experience any modification of their alimentary comfort, whereas it dropped dramatically parallel to deterioration of the alimentary comfort in three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative contractility of the denervated whole stomach pulled up to the neck under either i.v. or oral erythromycin is similar to that recovered spontaneously beyond 3 years of follow-up. In some patients, this booster effect persists after discontinuation of the drug.  (+info)

Selection for oesophagectomy and postoperative outcome in a defined population. (2/582)

OBJECTIVE: To measure the extent of use of, and perioperative mortality from, oesophagectomy for carcinoma of the oesophagus, and to examine the association between oesophagectomy and long term survival. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of cases of oesophageal carcinoma notified to the Thames Cancer Registry. SETTING: South East Thames and South West Thames health regions. PATIENTS: 3273 patients first registered with carcinoma of the oesophagus during 1985-9, 789 of whom were excluded because of incomplete data, leaving 2484 (75.9%) for further analysis. MAIN MEASURES: Treatment of oesophagectomy, mortality within 30 days of oesophagectomy, and duration of survival from date of diagnosis to death, according to patient and tumour characteristics. RESULTS: Oesophagectomy was performed in 571(23.0%) patients. Its use decreased with increasing age (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.935(0.925 to 0.944) per year) and was less common for tumours of the middle or upper third of the oesophagus than the lower third (0.56(0.42 to 0.75)). The proportion of patients undergoing oesophagectomy varied threefold among the 28 districts of residence. The perioperative mortality rate was 15.1(86/571) (12% to 18%); it increased with age (odds ratio 1.05(1.02 to 1.08) per year) and for tumours of the middle or upper third of the oesophagus compared with the lower third (2.52(1.31 to 4.84)). Long term survival was slightly higher for patients undergoing oesophagectomy (0.5% v 0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a high perioperative mortality rate patients selected for oesophagectomy showed better long term survival than those who were not, suggesting that clinical judgements used in selection were independent markers of a better prognosis. The nature of this selection needs to be more completely characterised to permit a valid evaluation of outcome of oesophagectomy.  (+info)

Comparison of the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on arterial oxygenation during one lung ventilation. (3/582)

We have compared the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on arterial oxygenation, heart rate and mean arterial pressure during one lung anaesthesia in a prospective, crossover study. We studied 28 patients undergoing oesophagogastrectomy, allocated alternatively to one of two groups. Patients in group I/S (n = 14) received 1 MAC (1.1%) of isoflurane in oxygen from induction until the end of 30 min of open chest one lung ventilation (OLV) in the lateral position. This was followed by 1 MAC (2.1%) of sevoflurane in oxygen for the next 30 min of OLV. Patients in group S/I (n = 14) received the two anaesthetic agents in the reverse order. We found no significant difference in arterial oxygenation, heart rate or mean arterial pressure between the two potent inhalation agents. In the subgroup of patients with pulmonary artery catheters (n = 12), we found a significant increase (P < 0.05) in derived shunt during sevoflurane anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in mixed venous saturation and cardiac output. We conclude that during one lung ventilation, the choice between sevoflurane and isoflurane did not significantly influence arterial oxygenation.  (+info)

Surgical management of esophageal carcinoma. (4/582)

Surgical management of esophageal carcinoma is reviewed. The anatomy and biology are briefly mentioned, since these factors mitigate against the success of surgery. Staging, the key to proper treatment allocation and prognosis, is discussed, including the use of endoscopic ultrasonography, positron emission tomography, and thoracoscopy/laparoscopy. Patient selection and preparation for surgery are important considerations. Surgical techniques are then discussed, as are the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, the morbidity of surgical resection, survival, and quality-of-life issues. Adjuvant treatment strategies (preoperative radiation, induction chemotherapy, induction chemoradiotherapy, and postoperative treatment) are summarized.  (+info)

Transhiatal esophagectomy: clinical experience and refinements. (5/582)

OBJECTIVE: To review the authors' clinical experience with transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) and the refinements in this procedure that have evolved. BACKGROUND: Increased use of THE during the past two decades has generated controversy about the merits and safety of this approach compared with transthoracic esophageal resection. The authors' large THE experience provides a valuable basis for benchmarking data regarding the procedure. METHODS: The results of THE were analyzed retrospectively using the authors' prospectively established esophageal resection database and follow-up information on these patients. RESULTS: From 1976 to 1998, THE was performed in 1085 patients, 26% with benign disease and 74% with cancer. The procedure was possible in 98.6% of cases. Stomach was the esophageal substitute in 96%. The hospital mortality rate was 4%. Blood loss averaged 689 cc. Major complications were anastomotic leak (13%), atelectasis/pneumonia (2%), intrathoracic hemorrhage, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, chylothorax, and tracheal laceration (<1% each). Actuarial survival of patients with carcinoma equaled or exceeded that reported after transthoracic esophagectomy. Late functional results were good or excellent in 70%. With preoperative pulmonary and physical conditioning, a side-to-side stapled cervical esophagogastric anastomosis (<3% incidence of leak), and postoperative epidural anesthesia, the need for an intensive care unit stay has been eliminated and the length of stay reduced to 7 days. CONCLUSION: THE is possible in most patients requiring esophageal resection and can be performed with greater safety and fewer complications than the traditional transthoracic approaches.  (+info)

Occult esophageal adenocarcinoma: extent of disease and implications for effective therapy. (6/582)

OBJECTIVE: The need for esophagectomy in patients with Barrett's esophagus, with no endoscopically visible lesion, and a biopsy showing high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma has been questioned. Recently, endoscopic techniques to ablate the neoplastic mucosa have been encouraged. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of disease present in patients with clinically occult esophageal adenocarcinoma to define the magnitude of therapy required to achieve cure. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with high-grade dysplasia (23 patients) or adenocarcinoma (10 patients) and no endoscopically visible lesion underwent repeat endoscopy and systematic biopsy followed by esophagectomy. The surgical specimens were analyzed to determine the biopsy error rate in detecting occult adenocarcinoma. In those with cancer, the depth of wall penetration and the presence of lymph node metastases on conventional histology and immunohistochemistry staining was determined. The findings were compared with those in 12 patients (1 with high-grade dysplasia, 11 with adenocarcinoma) who had visible lesions on endoscopy. RESULTS: The biopsy error rate for detecting occult adenocarcinoma was 43%. Of 25 patients with cancer and no visible lesion, the cancer was limited to the mucosa in 22 (88%) and to the submucosa in 3 (12%). After en bloc esophagectomy, one patient without a visible lesion had a single node metastasis on conventional histology. No additional node metastases were identified on immunohistochemistry. The 5-year survival rate after esophagectomy was 90%. Patients with endoscopically visible lesions were significantly more likely to have invasion beyond the mucosa (9/12 vs. 3/25, p = 0.01) and involvement of lymph nodes (5/9 vs. 1/10, p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopy with systematic biopsy cannot reliably exclude the presence of occult adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. The lack of an endoscopically visible lesion does not preclude cancer invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae, cautioning against the use of mucosal ablative procedures. The rarity of lymph node metastases in these patients encourages a more limited resection with greater emphasis on improved alimentary function (esophageal stripping with vagal nerve preservation) to provide a quality of life compatible with the excellent 5-year survival rate of 90%.  (+info)

Aortoesophageal fistula caused by aneurysm of the thoracic aorta: successful surgical treatment, case report, and literature review. (7/582)

Aortoesophageal fistula induced by atherosclerotic thoracic aortic aneurysm is rare, but is usually a fatal disorder, with few survivors reported. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with aortoesophageal fistula successfully treated in a two-stage operation. In the first stage, we performed resection and replacement of the aortic aneurysm with a prosthetic graft in situ, esophagectomy, cervical esophagostomy, and jejunostomy. After the patient recovered well postoperatively, a transmediastinal retrosternal interposition of the stomach was performed, with esophagogastroanastomosis in the cervical area, to re-establish the gastrointestinal tract. We include a discussion of the causes, diagnostic approach, management of the aorta and esophagus, and review of the literature.  (+info)

Undifferentiated carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration of the esophagus: a case report. (8/582)

This paper reports a surgically treated case of undifferentiated carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration of the esophagus. Histologically, most of the tumor consisted of undifferentiated carcinoma (non-small cell type) with lymphoid infiltration and a small portion showed features of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration in the stomach, breast or nasopharynx has a good prognosis, but in the esophagus this histological type is extremely rare and its characterization is unclear. This is only the sixth report to date of undifferentiated carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration of the esophagus.  (+info)

Esophagectomy is a surgical procedure in which part or all of the esophagus (the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach) is removed. This surgery is typically performed as a treatment for esophageal cancer, although it may also be used to treat other conditions such as severe damage to the esophagus from acid reflux or benign tumors.

During an esophagectomy, the surgeon will make incisions in the neck, chest, and/or abdomen to access the esophagus. The affected portion of the esophagus is then removed, and the remaining ends are reconnected, often using a section of the stomach or colon to create a new conduit for food to pass from the throat to the stomach.

Esophagectomy is a complex surgical procedure that requires significant expertise and experience on the part of the surgeon. It carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and complications related to anesthesia. Additionally, patients who undergo esophagectomy may experience difficulty swallowing, chronic pain, and other long-term complications. However, for some patients with esophageal cancer or other serious conditions affecting the esophagus, esophagectomy may be the best available treatment option.

Esophageal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissue of the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant esophageal neoplasms are typically classified as either squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas, depending on the type of cell from which they originate.

Esophageal cancer is a serious and often life-threatening condition that can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, weight loss, and coughing. Risk factors for esophageal neoplasms include smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Barrett's esophagus. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted through a small incision between the ribs to examine the lungs and pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). It allows the surgeon to directly view the chest cavity, take biopsies, and perform various operations. This procedure is often used in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions, lung cancer, and other chest conditions.

An esophagostomy is a surgical opening created between the esophagus and the skin of the neck or chest. It is typically performed as an emergency procedure in cases where there is an obstruction or injury to the esophagus that cannot be managed through less invasive means. The esophagostomy provides a temporary or permanent access point for feeding, medication administration, or decompression of the esophagus.

The procedure involves creating an incision in the neck or chest and exposing the esophagus. A small opening is then made in the esophageal wall, and a tube is inserted through the opening and brought out through the skin. The tube may be secured in place with sutures or staples, and a dressing is applied to protect the site from infection.

After surgery, patients with an esophagostomy will require close monitoring and care to ensure proper healing and prevent complications such as infection, bleeding, or leakage of digestive fluids. The tube may be removed once the underlying condition has been treated and the esophagus has healed.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It is located in the midline of the neck and chest, passing through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen and join the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

The esophagus has a few distinct parts: the upper esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the throat), the middle esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (another ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach). The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food and liquids to enter the stomach and then contracts to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

The walls of the esophagus are made up of several layers, including mucosa (a moist tissue that lines the inside of the tube), submucosa (a layer of connective tissue), muscle (both voluntary and involuntary types), and adventitia (an outer layer of connective tissue).

Common conditions affecting the esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal strictures, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Esophagoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This procedure is typically carried out using an esophagogastroduodenoscope (EGD), a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end.

During the procedure, the EGD is inserted through the mouth and down the throat into the esophagus, allowing the medical professional to examine its lining for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. The procedure may also involve taking tissue samples (biopsies) for further examination and testing.

Esophagoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, and other disorders affecting the esophagus. It may also be used to treat certain conditions, such as removing polyps or foreign objects from the esophagus.

Barrett esophagus is a condition in which the tissue lining of the lower esophagus changes, becoming more like the tissue that lines the intestines (intestinal metaplasia). This change can increase the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, a type of cancer. The exact cause of Barrett esophagus is not known, but it is often associated with long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as chronic acid reflux.

In Barrett esophagus, the normal squamous cells that line the lower esophagus are replaced by columnar epithelial cells. This change is usually detected during an upper endoscopy and biopsy. The diagnosis of Barrett esophagus is confirmed when the biopsy shows intestinal metaplasia in the lower esophagus.

It's important to note that not everyone with GERD will develop Barrett esophagus, and not everyone with Barrett esophagus will develop esophageal cancer. However, if you have been diagnosed with Barrett esophagus, your healthcare provider may recommend regular endoscopies and biopsies to monitor the condition and reduce the risk of cancer. Treatment options for Barrett esophagus include medications to control acid reflux, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

Surgical anastomosis is a medical procedure that involves the connection of two tubular structures, such as blood vessels or intestines, to create a continuous passage. This technique is commonly used in various types of surgeries, including vascular, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic procedures.

During a surgical anastomosis, the ends of the two tubular structures are carefully prepared by removing any damaged or diseased tissue. The ends are then aligned and joined together using sutures, staples, or other devices. The connection must be secure and leak-free to ensure proper function and healing.

The success of a surgical anastomosis depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and condition of the structures being joined, and the skill and experience of the surgeon. Complications such as infection, bleeding, or leakage can occur, which may require additional medical intervention or surgery.

Proper postoperative care is also essential to ensure the success of a surgical anastomosis. This may include monitoring for signs of complications, administering medications to prevent infection and promote healing, and providing adequate nutrition and hydration.

A gastric fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the stomach and another organ or the skin surface. This condition can occur as a result of complications from surgery, injury, infection, or certain diseases such as cancer. Symptoms may include persistent drainage from the site of the fistula, pain, malnutrition, and infection. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the fistula and management of any underlying conditions.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the squamous cells, which are flat, thin cells that form the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, lips, and backs of the hands. Squamous cell carcinoma can also develop in other areas of the body including the mouth, lungs, and cervix.

This type of cancer usually develops slowly and may appear as a rough or scaly patch of skin, a red, firm nodule, or a sore or ulcer that doesn't heal. While squamous cell carcinoma is not as aggressive as some other types of cancer, it can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body if left untreated, making early detection and treatment important.

Risk factors for developing squamous cell carcinoma include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and older age. Prevention measures include protecting your skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, avoiding tanning beds, and getting regular skin examinations.

Esophageal stenosis is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or constriction of the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This narrowing can make it difficult to swallow food and liquids, leading to symptoms such as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), pain or discomfort while swallowing, regurgitation, and weight loss.

Esophageal stenosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Scarring or fibrosis due to prolonged acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
2. Radiation therapy for cancer treatment
3. Ingestion of corrosive substances
4. Eosinophilic esophagitis, an allergic condition that affects the esophagus
5. Esophageal tumors or cancers
6. Surgical complications

Depending on the underlying cause and severity of the stenosis, treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms, dilation procedures to widen the narrowed area, or surgery to remove the affected portion of the esophagus. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any difficulty swallowing or other symptoms related to esophageal stenosis.

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision on the chest wall to gain access to the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and other vital organs. The incision can be made on the side (lateral thoracotomy), back (posterolateral thoracotomy), or front (median sternotomy) of the chest wall, depending on the specific surgical indication.

Thoracotomy is performed for various indications, including lung biopsy, lung resection, esophagectomy, heart surgery, and mediastinal mass removal. The procedure allows the surgeon to directly visualize and access the organs within the thoracic cavity, perform necessary procedures, and control bleeding if needed.

After the procedure, the incision is typically closed with sutures or staples, and a chest tube may be placed to drain any accumulated fluid or air from the pleural space around the lungs. The patient will require postoperative care and monitoring in a hospital setting until their condition stabilizes.

An anastomotic leak is a medical condition that occurs after a surgical procedure where two hollow organs or vessels are connected (anastomosed). It refers to the failure of the connection, resulting in a communication between the inside of the connected structures and the outside, which can lead to the escape of fluids, such as digestive contents or blood, into the surrounding tissues.

Anastomotic leaks can occur in various parts of the body where anastomoses are performed, including the gastrointestinal tract, vasculature, and respiratory system. The leakage can cause localized or systemic infection, inflammation, sepsis, organ failure, or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

The risk of anastomotic leaks depends on several factors, such as the patient's overall health, the type and location of the surgery, the quality of the surgical technique, and the presence of any underlying medical conditions that may affect wound healing. Treatment options for anastomotic leaks vary depending on the severity and location of the leak, ranging from conservative management with antibiotics and bowel rest to surgical intervention, such as drainage, revision of the anastomosis, or resection of the affected segment.

Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from glandular epithelial cells. These cells line the inside of many internal organs, including the breasts, prostate, colon, and lungs. Adenocarcinomas can occur in any of these organs, as well as in other locations where glands are present.

The term "adenocarcinoma" is used to describe a cancer that has features of glandular tissue, such as mucus-secreting cells or cells that produce hormones. These cancers often form glandular structures within the tumor mass and may produce mucus or other substances.

Adenocarcinomas are typically slow-growing and tend to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. They can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments. The prognosis for adenocarcinoma depends on several factors, including the location and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and age.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Esophagoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves reconstructing or reshaping the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This procedure may be performed to treat various conditions such as esophageal atresia (a birth defect in which the esophagus does not develop properly), esophageal stricture (narrowing of the esophagus), or esophageal cancer.

During an esophagoplasty, a surgeon may use tissue from another part of the body, such as the stomach or colon, to reconstruct the esophagus. The specific technique used will depend on the individual patient's needs and the nature of their condition.

It is important to note that esophagoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and complications related to anesthesia. Patients who undergo this procedure may require extensive postoperative care and rehabilitation to recover fully.

"Lye" is not a medical term, but rather a common name for sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), which are strong alkalis used in industry. In a medical context, these substances might be referred to as caustic soda or caustic potash. They can cause severe burns and damage to tissue if they come into contact with the skin or eyes, and if ingested they can be harmful or fatal.

An esophageal fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the esophagus (the tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach) and another organ, such as the trachea (windpipe) or the skin. This condition can result from complications of certain medical conditions, including cancer, prolonged infection, or injury to the esophagus.

Esophageal fistulas can cause a variety of symptoms, including difficulty swallowing, coughing, chest pain, and fever. They can also lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia or sepsis, if left untreated. Treatment for an esophageal fistula typically involves surgical repair of the abnormal connection, along with management of any underlying conditions that may have contributed to its development.

A thoracoscope is not a medical condition, but a medical device used in the field of thoracic surgery. It is a type of endoscope that allows surgeons to view the inside of the chest cavity (thorax) through small incisions. The thoracoscope has a light source and a camera at its tip, which transmits images to a video monitor. This enables the surgeon to inspect the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, and diaphragm, take biopsies, and perform various surgical procedures, such as pleurodesis or lung resection, minimizing invasiveness and promoting faster recovery compared to traditional open thoracotomy.

Esophageal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Here are some common esophageal diseases with their brief definitions:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing.
2. Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophageal lining, often caused by GERD, infection, or medication.
3. Esophageal stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus due to scarring or inflammation, which can make swallowing difficult.
4. Esophageal cancer: Cancer that forms in the tissues of the esophagus, often as a result of long-term GERD or smoking.
5. Esophageal motility disorders: Disorders that affect the normal movement and function of the esophagus, such as achalasia, diffuse spasm, and nutcracker esophagus.
6. Barrett's esophagus: A condition in which the lining of the lower esophagus changes, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
7. Esophageal diverticula: Small pouches that form in the esophageal wall, often causing difficulty swallowing or regurgitation.
8. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): A chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by inflammation of the esophagus due to an allergic reaction.

These are some of the common esophageal diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment may vary depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Lymph node excision is a surgical procedure in which one or more lymph nodes are removed from the body for the purpose of examination. This procedure is often conducted to help diagnose or stage various types of cancer, as malignant cells may spread to the lymphatic system and eventually accumulate within nearby lymph nodes.

During a lymph node excision, an incision is made in the skin overlying the affected lymph node(s). The surgeon carefully dissects the tissue surrounding the lymph node(s) to isolate them from adjacent structures before removing them. In some cases, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may be performed instead, where only the sentinel lymph node (the first lymph node to which cancer cells are likely to spread) is removed and examined.

The excised lymph nodes are then sent to a laboratory for histopathological examination, which involves staining and microscopic evaluation of the tissue to determine whether it contains any malignant cells. The results of this examination can help guide further treatment decisions and provide valuable prognostic information.

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.

Gastrostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach. This opening, called a stoma or gastrostomy tract, allows for the passage of a tube (gastrostomy tube) that can be used to provide enteral nutrition and hydration directly into the stomach when a person is unable to consume food or fluids by mouth due to various medical conditions such as dysphagia, neurological disorders, or head and neck cancers.

Gastrostomy tubes come in different types and sizes, including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes, laparoscopic gastrostomy tubes, and open surgical gastrostomy tubes. The choice of the procedure depends on various factors such as the patient's medical condition, anatomy, and overall health status.

The primary purpose of a gastrostomy is to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration for individuals who have difficulty swallowing or are unable to consume enough food or fluids by mouth to meet their nutritional needs. It can also help prevent complications associated with prolonged fasting, such as malnutrition, dehydration, and weight loss.

A duodenoscope is a type of endoscope that is used for performing minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. The duodenoscope is a flexible tube with a camera and a light at its tip, allowing physicians to visualize the inside of the duodenum and surrounding organs. It also has channels that can deliver therapies or enable the removal of tissue samples for biopsy. Duodenoscopes are commonly used in procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which involves the examination and treatment of the bile and pancreatic ducts.

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is the region of the gastrointestinal tract where the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) meets the stomach. It serves as a physiological sphincter, which helps control the direction of flow and prevent reflux of gastric contents back into the esophagus. The EGJ is also known as the gastroesophageal junction or cardia.

A jejunostomy is a surgical procedure where an opening (stoma) is created in the lower part of the small intestine, called the jejunum. This stoma allows for the passage of nutrients and digestive enzymes from the small intestine into a tube or external pouch, bypassing the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine (duodenum).

Jejunostomy is typically performed to provide enteral nutrition support in patients who are unable to consume food or liquids by mouth due to various medical conditions such as dysphagia, gastroparesis, bowel obstruction, or after certain surgical procedures. The jejunostomy tube can be used for short-term or long-term nutritional support, depending on the patient's needs and underlying medical condition.

Surgical stapling is a medical technique that uses specialized staplers to place linear staple lines to close surgical incisions, connect or remove organs and tissues during surgical procedures. Surgical staples are made of titanium or stainless steel and can be absorbable or non-absorbable. They provide secure, fast, and accurate wound closure, reducing the risk of infection and promoting faster healing compared to traditional suturing methods.

The surgical stapler consists of a handle, an anvil, and a cartridge containing multiple staples. The device is loaded with staple cartridges and used to approximate tissue edges before deploying the staples. Once the staples are placed, the stapler is removed, leaving the staple line in place.

Surgical stapling has various applications, including gastrointestinal anastomosis, lung resection, vascular anastomosis, and skin closure. It is widely used in different types of surgeries, such as open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted procedures. The use of surgical stapling requires proper training and expertise to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Esophageal achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. In this condition, the muscles at the lower end of the esophagus fail to relax properly during swallowing, making it difficult for food and liquids to pass into the stomach. This results in symptoms such as difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation of food, chest pain, and weight loss. The cause of esophageal achalasia is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to damage to the nerves that control the muscles of the esophagus. Treatment options include medications to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, botulinum toxin injections, and surgical procedures such as laparoscopic Heller myotomy or peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Chylothorax is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid called chyle in the pleural space, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Chyle is a milky-white fluid that contains nutrients, electrolytes, and immune cells, and it is normally transported through the thoracic duct to the bloodstream.

Chylothorax can occur due to various reasons, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, or congenital abnormalities that disrupt the normal flow of chyle. As a result, chyle leaks into the pleural space, causing symptoms such as cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fever.

The diagnosis of chylothorax is usually made through imaging studies such as chest X-ray or CT scan, and confirmed by analyzing the fluid for the presence of chylomicrons, which are lipid particles found in chyle. The treatment options for chylothorax include dietary modifications, such as a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides, chest tube drainage, and surgical interventions such as thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis.

Patient positioning in a medical context refers to the arrangement and placement of a patient's body in a specific posture or alignment on a hospital bed, examination table, or other medical device during medical procedures, surgeries, or diagnostic imaging examinations. The purpose of patient positioning is to optimize the patient's comfort, ensure their safety, facilitate access to the surgical site or area being examined, enhance the effectiveness of medical interventions, and improve the quality of medical images in diagnostic tests.

Proper patient positioning can help prevent complications such as pressure ulcers, nerve injuries, and respiratory difficulties. It may involve adjusting the height and angle of the bed, using pillows, blankets, or straps to support various parts of the body, and communicating with the patient to ensure they are comfortable and aware of what to expect during the procedure.

In surgical settings, patient positioning is carefully planned and executed by a team of healthcare professionals, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and surgical technicians, to optimize surgical outcomes and minimize risks. In diagnostic imaging examinations, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, patient positioning is critical for obtaining high-quality images that can aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

In anatomical terms, the stomach is a muscular, J-shaped organ located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. It is part of the gastrointestinal tract and plays a crucial role in digestion. The stomach's primary functions include storing food, mixing it with digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid to break down proteins, and slowly emptying the partially digested food into the small intestine for further absorption of nutrients.

The stomach is divided into several regions, including the cardia (the area nearest the esophagus), the fundus (the upper portion on the left side), the body (the main central part), and the pylorus (the narrowed region leading to the small intestine). The inner lining of the stomach, called the mucosa, is protected by a layer of mucus that prevents the digestive juices from damaging the stomach tissue itself.

In medical contexts, various conditions can affect the stomach, such as gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach or duodenum), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and stomach cancer. Symptoms related to the stomach may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing.

Neoplasm staging is a systematic process used in medicine to describe the extent of spread of a cancer, including the size and location of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. The most widely accepted system for this purpose is the TNM classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).

In this system, T stands for tumor, and it describes the size and extent of the primary tumor. N stands for nodes, and it indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M stands for metastasis, and it shows whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

Each letter is followed by a number that provides more details about the extent of the disease. For example, a T1N0M0 cancer means that the primary tumor is small and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.

Staging helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient and estimate the patient's prognosis. It is an essential tool for communication among members of the healthcare team and for comparing outcomes of treatments in clinical trials.

Surgical tampons are medical devices that are used to pack or plug a cavity or wound in the body during surgical procedures. They are typically made of gauze, rayon, or synthetic materials and come in various shapes and sizes to accommodate different surgical needs. Surgical tampons can help control bleeding, prevent the accumulation of fluids, and maintain the position of organs or tissues during surgery. After the procedure, they are usually removed or allowed to dissolve naturally. It is important to note that surgical tampons should not be confused with feminine hygiene tampons used for menstruation.

Reconstructive surgical procedures are a type of surgery aimed at restoring the form and function of body parts that are defective or damaged due to various reasons such as congenital abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors, or disease. These procedures can involve the transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another, manipulation of bones, muscles, and tendons, or use of prosthetic materials to reconstruct the affected area. The goal is to improve both the physical appearance and functionality of the body part, thereby enhancing the patient's quality of life. Examples include breast reconstruction after mastectomy, cleft lip and palate repair, and treatment of severe burns.

A respiratory tract fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the respiratory tract (which includes the nose, throat, windpipe, and lungs) and another organ or structure, such as the skin, digestive tract, or blood vessels. This condition can lead to complications such as air leakage, infection, and difficulty breathing. The causes of respiratory tract fistulas vary and can include trauma, surgery, infection, or cancer. Treatment depends on the location and severity of the fistula and may involve surgical repair, antibiotics, or other therapies.

Cefmetazole is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is used to treat various bacterial infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria's ability to form a cell wall, leading to bacterial cell death. Cefmetazole has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including many strains that are resistant to other antibiotics.

Common side effects of cefmetazole include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and headache. More serious side effects can include allergic reactions, seizures, and changes in blood cell counts or liver function. As with all antibiotics, it is important to take cefmetazole exactly as directed by a healthcare provider, and to complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.

A hiatal hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when a part of the stomach protrudes or squeezes through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm, the muscular partition between the chest and abdominal cavities. Normally, the esophagus passes through this opening to connect to the stomach, but in a hiatal hernia, a portion of the stomach also moves up into the chest cavity through the hiatus.

There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. In a sliding hiatal hernia, the junction between the esophagus and stomach (gastroesophageal junction) slides upward into the chest cavity, which is the most common type. Paraesophageal hiatal hernias are less common but can be more severe, as they involve the stomach herniating alongside the esophagus, potentially leading to complications like obstruction or strangulation of the blood supply to the stomach.

Many people with hiatal hernias do not experience symptoms, but some may have heartburn, acid reflux, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the severity and associated symptoms, ranging from lifestyle modifications and medications to surgical repair in severe cases.

Thoracic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat various conditions related to the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, esophagus, and diaphragm. In VATS, a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope with a camera and light source, is inserted through small incisions in the chest wall to provide visualization of the internal structures. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as biopsies, lung resections, or esophageal repairs. Compared to traditional open thoracic surgery, VATS typically results in less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recoveries for patients.

Minimally invasive surgical procedures are a type of surgery that is performed with the assistance of specialized equipment and techniques to minimize trauma to the patient's body. This approach aims to reduce blood loss, pain, and recovery time as compared to traditional open surgeries. The most common minimally invasive surgical procedure is laparoscopy, which involves making small incisions (usually 0.5-1 cm) in the abdomen or chest and inserting a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) to visualize the internal organs.

The surgeon then uses long, slender instruments inserted through separate incisions to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as cutting, coagulation, or suturing. Other types of minimally invasive surgical procedures include arthroscopy (for joint surgery), thoracoscopy (for chest surgery), and hysteroscopy (for uterine surgery). The benefits of minimally invasive surgical procedures include reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmetic results. However, not all surgeries can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, and the suitability of a particular procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the nature and extent of the surgical problem, and the surgeon's expertise.

Medical survival rate is a statistical measure used to determine the percentage of patients who are still alive for a specific period of time after their diagnosis or treatment for a certain condition or disease. It is often expressed as a five-year survival rate, which refers to the proportion of people who are alive five years after their diagnosis. Survival rates can be affected by many factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's age and overall health, the effectiveness of treatment, and other health conditions that the patient may have. It is important to note that survival rates are statistical estimates and do not necessarily predict an individual patient's prognosis.

Neoadjuvant therapy is a treatment regimen that is administered to patients before they undergo definitive or curative surgery for their cancer. The main goal of neoadjuvant therapy is to reduce the size and extent of the tumor, making it easier to remove surgically and increasing the likelihood of complete resection. This type of therapy often involves the use of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy, and it can help improve treatment outcomes by reducing the risk of recurrence and improving overall survival rates. Neoadjuvant therapy is commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including breast, lung, esophageal, rectal, and bladder cancer.

The thorax is the central part of the human body, located between the neck and the abdomen. In medical terms, it refers to the portion of the body that contains the heart, lungs, and associated structures within a protective cage made up of the sternum (breastbone), ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. The thorax is enclosed by muscles and protected by the ribcage, which helps to maintain its structural integrity and protect the vital organs contained within it.

The thorax plays a crucial role in respiration, as it allows for the expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing. This movement is facilitated by the flexible nature of the ribcage, which expands and contracts with each breath, allowing air to enter and exit the lungs. Additionally, the thorax serves as a conduit for major blood vessels, such as the aorta and vena cava, which carry blood to and from the heart and the rest of the body.

Understanding the anatomy and function of the thorax is essential for medical professionals, as many conditions and diseases can affect this region of the body. These may include respiratory disorders such as pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular conditions like heart attacks or aortic aneurysms, and musculoskeletal issues involving the ribs, spine, or surrounding muscles.

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). This congenital anomaly is usually present at birth and can vary in size and location. It can cause complications such as respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and recurrent lung infections. TEF is often treated surgically to separate the trachea and esophagus and restore their normal functions.

A Gastrectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of all or part of the stomach. This procedure can be total (complete resection of the stomach), partial (removal of a portion of the stomach), or sleeve (removal of a portion of the stomach to create a narrow sleeve-shaped pouch).

Gastrectomies are typically performed to treat conditions such as gastric cancer, benign tumors, severe peptic ulcers, and in some cases, for weight loss in individuals with morbid obesity. The type of gastrectomy performed depends on the patient's medical condition and the extent of the disease.

Following a gastrectomy, patients may require adjustments to their diet and lifestyle, as well as potential supplementation of vitamins and minerals that would normally be absorbed in the stomach. In some cases, further reconstructive surgery might be necessary to reestablish gastrointestinal continuity.

An esophageal diverticulum is a small pouch or sac that forms as a result of a protrusion or herniation of the inner lining (mucosa) of the esophagus through the outer layer of muscle in the wall of the esophagus. Esophageal diverticula can occur in any part of the esophagus, but they are most commonly found in the lower third of the esophagus, near the junction with the stomach.

Esophageal diverticula may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life). Acquired esophageal diverticula are often associated with underlying conditions such as esophageal motility disorders, strictures, or tumors that increase the pressure inside the esophagus and cause the mucosa to bulge out through weakened areas of the esophageal wall.

Symptoms of esophageal diverticula may include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain, heartburn, and recurrent respiratory infections due to aspiration of food or saliva into the lungs. Treatment options for esophageal diverticula depend on the size and location of the diverticulum, as well as the presence of any underlying conditions. Small asymptomatic diverticula may not require treatment, while larger symptomatic diverticula may be treated with surgical removal or endoscopic repair.

Gastroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves reducing the size of the stomach to treat morbid obesity. It is also known as vertical banded gastroplasty or stomach stapling. In this procedure, a part of the stomach is permanently stapled vertically to create a small pouch at the top of the stomach. This restricts the amount of food that can be eaten at one time and causes a feeling of fullness with smaller amounts of food.

The goal of gastroplasty is to help patients lose weight by reducing their calorie intake, promoting weight loss, and improving overall health. However, it is important to note that gastroplasty requires significant lifestyle changes, including regular exercise and healthy eating habits, to maintain long-term weight loss success.

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with gastroplasty, such as infection, bleeding, and complications related to anesthesia. It is important for patients to discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before deciding whether or not to undergo the procedure.

Postoperative care refers to the comprehensive medical treatment and nursing attention provided to a patient following a surgical procedure. The goal of postoperative care is to facilitate the patient's recovery, prevent complications, manage pain, ensure proper healing of the incision site, and maintain overall health and well-being until the patient can resume their normal activities.

This type of care includes monitoring vital signs, managing pain through medication or other techniques, ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition, helping the patient with breathing exercises to prevent lung complications, encouraging mobility to prevent blood clots, monitoring for signs of infection or other complications, administering prescribed medications, providing wound care, and educating the patient about postoperative care instructions.

The duration of postoperative care can vary depending on the type and complexity of the surgical procedure, as well as the individual patient's needs and overall health status. It may be provided in a hospital setting, an outpatient surgery center, or in the patient's home, depending on the level of care required.

Combined modality therapy (CMT) is a medical treatment approach that utilizes more than one method or type of therapy simultaneously or in close succession, with the goal of enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. In the context of cancer care, CMT often refers to the combination of two or more primary treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapies (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc.).

The rationale behind using combined modality therapy is that each treatment method can target cancer cells in different ways, potentially increasing the likelihood of eliminating all cancer cells and reducing the risk of recurrence. The specific combination and sequence of treatments will depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and individual preferences.

For example, a common CMT approach for locally advanced rectal cancer may involve preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemoradiation therapy, followed by surgery to remove the tumor, and then postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy. This combined approach allows for the reduction of the tumor size before surgery, increases the likelihood of complete tumor removal, and targets any remaining microscopic cancer cells with systemic chemotherapy.

It is essential to consult with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate CMT plan for each individual patient, considering both the potential benefits and risks associated with each treatment method.

Endoscopy of the digestive system, also known as gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, is a medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to visually examine the inside lining of the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, called an endoscope. This procedure can help diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the digestive system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer.

There are several types of endoscopy procedures that focus on different parts of the digestive tract:

1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is often used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, or bleeding in the upper GI tract.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure explores the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is commonly performed to screen for colon cancer, as well as to diagnose and treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or polyps.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, this procedure examines the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) and rectum. It is often used as a screening tool for colon cancer and to investigate symptoms like rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
4. Upper GI endoscopy: This procedure focuses on the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as GERD, ulcers, and difficulty swallowing.
5. Capsule endoscopy: This procedure involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera that captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through. It can help diagnose conditions in the small intestine that may be difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes.

Endoscopy is typically performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. The images captured by the endoscope are displayed on a monitor, allowing the healthcare provider to assess the condition of the digestive tract and make informed treatment decisions.

Suture techniques refer to the various methods used by surgeons to sew or stitch together tissues in the body after an injury, trauma, or surgical incision. The main goal of suturing is to approximate and hold the edges of the wound together, allowing for proper healing and minimizing scar formation.

There are several types of suture techniques, including:

1. Simple Interrupted Suture: This is one of the most basic suture techniques where the needle is passed through the tissue at a right angle, creating a loop that is then tightened to approximate the wound edges. Multiple stitches are placed along the length of the incision or wound.
2. Continuous Locking Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed continuously through the tissue in a zigzag pattern, with each stitch locking into the previous one. This creates a continuous line of sutures that provides strong tension and support to the wound edges.
3. Running Suture: Similar to the continuous locking suture, this technique involves passing the needle continuously through the tissue in a straight line. However, instead of locking each stitch, the needle is simply passed through the previous loop before being tightened. This creates a smooth and uninterrupted line of sutures that can be easily removed after healing.
4. Horizontal Mattress Suture: In this technique, two parallel stitches are placed horizontally across the wound edges, creating a "mattress" effect that provides additional support and tension to the wound. This is particularly useful in deep or irregularly shaped wounds.
5. Vertical Mattress Suture: Similar to the horizontal mattress suture, this technique involves placing two parallel stitches vertically across the wound edges. This creates a more pronounced "mattress" effect that can help reduce tension and minimize scarring.
6. Subcuticular Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed just below the surface of the skin, creating a smooth and barely visible line of sutures. This is particularly useful in cosmetic surgery or areas where minimizing scarring is important.

The choice of suture technique depends on various factors such as the location and size of the wound, the type of tissue involved, and the patient's individual needs and preferences. Proper suture placement and tension are crucial for optimal healing and aesthetic outcomes.

A bronchial fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the bronchial tree (the airways in the lungs) and the surrounding tissues, such as the pleural space (the space between the lungs and the chest wall), blood vessels, or other organs. This condition can result from various causes, including lung injury, infection, surgery, or certain diseases such as cancer or tuberculosis.

Bronchial fistulas can lead to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. They may also cause air leaks, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), or chronic infections. Treatment for bronchial fistulas depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition but often involves surgical repair or closure of the abnormal connection.

"Surgically-created structures" is not a standard medical term, but I can provide a general explanation of surgical procedures that create or modify anatomical structures.

Surgical procedures may involve creating new structures or modifying existing ones to achieve specific therapeutic goals. These modifications can be temporary or permanent and are often designed to improve organ function, restore physiological processes, or correct congenital abnormalities. Here are some examples of surgically-created structures:

1. Anastomosis: The connection of two hollow organs (e.g., intestines, blood vessels) or the reconnection of severed tubular structures after resection (removal) of damaged or diseased segments. Common types include end-to-end, side-to-side, and end-to-side anastomoses.
2. Stoma: An artificial opening created between a hollow organ (e.g., intestine, bladder) and the body surface to allow for waste elimination or drainage. Examples include colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy.
3. Fistula: An abnormal connection or passageway between two organs, vessels, or the skin and an organ. Surgical creation of a fistula can be intentional (e.g., to divert intestinal contents in the management of complex wounds) or unintentional (e.g., as a complication).
4. Shunts: Artificial channels created to redirect fluid flow between body compartments, cavities, or vessels. Examples include peritoneal dialysis catheters, ventriculoperitoneal shunts for hydrocephalus management, and portosystemic shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension.
5. Flaps: A surgical technique used to relocate tissue from one part of the body to another while maintaining its blood supply. Flaps can be created using skin, muscle, fascia, or bone and are used for various purposes, such as wound closure, soft tissue reconstruction, or coverage of vital structures.
6. Grafts: Transplantation of tissue from one site to another or from a donor to a recipient. Common types include autografts (from the same individual), allografts (from another individual of the same species), and xenografts (from a different species). Examples include skin grafts, heart valve replacements, and corneal transplants.
7. Implants: Artificial devices or materials placed within the body to replace or augment function, support structures, or deliver medication. Examples include pacemakers, cochlear implants, orthopedic prostheses, and drug-eluting stents.
8. Stomas: Surgically created openings on the body surface that allow for the passage of bodily fluids or waste. Common examples include colostomies, ileostomies, and gastrostomies.

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June 1999). "Esophagectomy with gastric reconstruction for achalasia". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 117 ... Devaney EJ, Lannettoni MD, Orringer MB, Marshall B (September 2001). "Esophagectomy for achalasia: patient selection and ... Glatz SM, Richardson JD (September 2007). "Esophagectomy for end stage achalasia". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 11 (9 ... September 2002). "Vagal-sparing esophagectomy: a more physiologic alternative". Annals of Surgery. 236 (3): 324-336. doi: ...
Gaur, Puja; Blackmon, Shanda H. (2014). "Jejunal graft conduits after esophagectomy". Journal of Thoracic Disease. 6 (Suppl 3 ...
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Ihekweazu, UN; Ludwig, E; Flores, RM (Aug 2010). "PillCam in gastric conduit after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy". The Annals of ...
"Feasibility of transthoracic esophagectomy with a next-generation surgical robot". Nature. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 10 ... A successful trial in transthoracic esophagectomy was reported in Nature in October 2022. In April 2023, it was announced that ...
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"Diaphragmatic hernia after esophagectomy in 440 patients with long-term follow-up". Ann Thorac Surg. 96 (4): 1138-45. doi: ...
Esophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus. Extrapleural pneumonectomy is the removal of the entire ...
A Life-threatening Anomaly that should be considered during Esophagectomy". Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report. 6 (2 ...
A Life-threatening Anomaly that should be considered during Esophagectomy". Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report. 6 (2 ...
A Life-threatening Anomaly that should be considered during Esophagectomy". Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report. 6 (2 ...
6. Esophagectomy: Removal of the esophagus in whole or in part, usually to treat esophageal cancer. 7. Pancreatic Surgery: ... Pancreaticoduodenectomy Esophagectomy Liver resection Surgery on the digestive system's organs is referred to as digestive ...
19 days later a leak at the site required a transhiatal esophagectomy with a left cervical esophagogastrostomy. The patient ...
Comparison between Minimally Invasive and Open Esophagectomy in Cancer Esophagus Experience at a Tertiary Cancer Centre in ...
... esophagectomy or colectomy; only the top rated hospitals for colectomy in the U.S. News & World Report ratings had a ...
... he was the first to conduct an esophagectomy, removing a section of the oesophagus and joining the remaining parts together. In ...
Treatment options for high-grade dysplasia include surgical removal of the esophagus (esophagectomy) or endoscopic treatments ...
He has developed and successfully implemented combined esophagectomy with sleeve resection and plasty of trachea in the ...
The first esophagectomy and resection was performed by Dr. Franz Torek at the Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, as Dr. Torek ...
Esophagectomy for Esophageal cancer and other tumour removals by VATS in subsequent years. Dr. Arvind Kumar performed first ...
US Transhiatal esophagectomy, a surgical procedure All pages with titles containing The All pages with titles containing THE ...
... thyroid cancer Esophagectomy: esophageal cancer Lobectomy of lung: lung cancer Hysterectomy: uterine cancer Dong-A University ...
... esophagectomy - esophagitis - esophagoscopy - esophagram - esophagus - ESR - essential thrombocythemia - essential ...
... esophagectomy MeSH E04.210.355 - esophagoplasty MeSH E04.210.358 - esophagostomy MeSH E04.210.390 - fundoplication MeSH E04.210 ...
... performed the first successful esophagectomy for carcinoma and also developed the surgical treatment of undescended testicles ... technique for bone marrow examination in 1931 Development of the specialty of thoracic surgery First successful esophagectomy ...
... esophagectomy (removal of the esophagus) Annals of Thoracic Surgery European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Journal of ...
A transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) is performed on the neck and abdomen simultaneously. A transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) ... Esophagectomy or oesophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or parts of the esophagus. The principal objective is to remove ... Anesthesia for an esophagectomy is also complex, owing to the problems with managing the patients airway and lung function ... Esophagectomy of early-stage cancer represents the best chance of a cure. Despite significant improvements in technique and ...
Minimally invasive esophagectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the esophagus. This is the tube that moves food from your ... Minimally invasive esophagectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the esophagus. This is the tube that moves food from your ... esophagectomy; Barrett esophagus - esophagectomy; Esophageal cancer - esophagectomy - laparoscopic; Cancer of the esophagus - ... Minimally invasive esophagectomy; Robotic esophagectomy; Removal of the esophagus - minimally invasive; Achalasia - ...
... also known as an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, is a procedure in which part of the esophagus is removed. ... A transthoracic esophagectomy, also known as an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, is a procedure in which part of the esophagus is ... A transthoracic esophagectomy is sometimes performed as a traditional (open) surgery, although at Moffitt Cancer Center it is ... When determining which approach to use for a transthoracic esophagectomy - or any other type of esophageal cancer surgery - we ...
Two common procedures for esophageal resection are Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and transhiatal esophagectomy. Both procedures have ... Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier curves.,i, Results,/i,. We performed 51 minimally invasive esophagectomies. ... Minimally invasive esophagectomy, when performed in the learning phase, has acceptable morbidity and mortality. ... high morbidity rates of 20–46%. Minimally invasive esophagectomy has been introduced to decrease morbidity. We ...
What is an Esophagectomy?. An esophagectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the esophagus. A common reason for an ... esophagectomy would be esophageal cancer.. The esophagus is the tube that moves food from your throat to your stomach. After it ...
... minimally-invasive esophagectomy, mucosa, nasogastric tube, nasogastric tube decompression, neck, NG tube, NGT, NGT ...
... trans thoracic esophagectomy (TTE) or trans hiatal esophagectomy (THE) for esophageal cancer. Studies have demonstrated that ... Overall and Disease Free Survival After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy. Abhishek Sundaram, MBBS MPH, Brittany L Willer, MD, ... Results: One hundred and thirty three patients underwent esophagectomies during the study period of which 78 patients satisfied ... Non-malignant esophageal pathology, emergent procedures, esophagectomies with an intrathoracic anastomosis, colonic or jejunal ...
A protective ventilatory strategy decreases the proinflammatory systemic response after esophagectomy, improves lung function, ... Background: Esophagectomy induces a systemic inflammatory response whose extent has been recognized as a predictive factor of ... Protective ventilation influences systemic inflammation after esophagectomy: a randomized controlled study Anesthesiology. 2006 ... Methods: The authors prospectively investigated 52 patients undergoing planned esophagectomy for cancer. Patients were randomly ...
... compared to upfront esophagectomy (UE) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial. Our ... et al. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Versus Upfront Esophagectomy in Clinical Stage II and III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ... Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Versus Upfront Esophagectomy in Clinical Stage II and III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. *Po- ... A propensity-matched analysis comparing survival after esophagectomy followed by adjuvant chemoradiation to surgery alone for ...
Small Field Irradiation in High Risk Post Esophagectomy Patients Receiving Combined Chemoradiation Therapy: A Decade Experience ... Small Field Irradiation in High Risk Post Esophagectomy Patients Receiving Combined Chemoradiation Therapy: A Decade Experience ...
Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Benign Anastomotic Stricture Formations After Esophagectomy and Gastric Tube Reconstruction ... Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Benign Anastomotic Stricture Formations After Esophagectomy and Gastric Tube Reconstruction ... Prophylactic PPI treatment reduced the prevalence of benign anastomotic strictures following esophagectomy with gastric tube ... Prophylactic PPI treatment reduced the prevalence of benign anastomotic strictures following esophagectomy with gastric tube ...
We reviewed the charts of 19 patients who had total esophagectomy to see whether the method of postoperative pain relief ...
... top experts.. main{padding-left:60px !important}#article ... Endoscopic Therapy Esophagectomy: Top KOLs in the world. Click on a star to see more details touch_app ...
Xiao D, Grogan E. Commentary: Encouraging reduction in postoperative complications with minimally invasive esophagectomies: ... Commentary: Encouraging reduction in postoperative complications with minimally invasive esophagectomies: Prompting further ...
Several minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) techniques represent safe alternatives for the surgical management of esophageal ... Several minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) techniques represent safe alternatives for the surgical management of esophageal ... Hoping to decrease the perioperative morbidity associated with esophagectomy, a number of thoracic surgeons have started to ... When talking about esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, minimally-invasive treatment means robotic surgery to completely remove ...
An esophagectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a portion or all of someones esophagus, the tube located between the ... ... Esophagectomies offer hope to some cancer patients. Cancer Care Jun 6, 2022 ...
Esophagectomy for Benign Disease answers are found in the Pearsons General Thoracic powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for ... "Esophagectomy for Benign Disease." Pearsons General Thoracic Surgery. STS Cardiothoracic Surgery E-Book, Chicago: Society of ... Esophagectomy for Benign Disease. In: Darling GE, Baumgartner WA, Jacobs JP, eds. Pearsons General Thoracic Surgery. STS ... Esophagectomy for Benign Disease [Internet]. In: Darling GE, Baumgartner WA, Jacobs JP, editors. Pearsons General Thoracic ...
Risk factors for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for cancer: A NSQIP procedure-targeted analysis. Journal of Surgical ... Risk factors for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for cancer : A NSQIP procedure-targeted analysis. In: Journal of Surgical ... Dive into the research topics of Risk factors for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for cancer: A NSQIP procedure-targeted ... Risk factors for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for cancer: A NSQIP procedure-targeted analysis. / Hall, Bradley R.; ...
BLK-MAX Hospital Provide Best Esophagectomy Surgery, know about Risks & Recovery. Book Doctor Appointment Now ... Esophagectomy Best Esophagectomy Surgery Hospital in Delhi Esophagectomy is a surgical procedure. It is undertaken to remove ... In an open esophagectomy, a large incision is made in the chest area, and the esophagus is removed from the neck, chest, or ... How is Esophagectomy Performed. This procedure involves removing a portion, or the whole esophagus, including part of the ...
Transthoracic esophagectomy. There are two types of TTE, as follows:. * Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (right thoracotomy and ... Esophagectomy. Esophageal resection (esophagectomy) remains a critical component of multimodality therapy for patients with ... transhiatal esophagectomy [THE]) or by using an abdominal and a right thoracic incision (ie, transthoracic esophagectomy [TTE ... Transhiatal esophagectomy. For THE, the preoperative details are similar to those of TTE, except that a single-lumen, rather ...
Fifty-nine patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent an esophagectomy after DCF or bDCF therapy as primary chemotherapy. DCF ... This study investigated the feasibility and outcome of an esophagectomy after bDCF therapy for patients with advanced ... In this study, esophagectomy was performed by two surgeons in the same group. A radical esophagectomy via a right thoracotomy ... International consensus on standardization of data collection for complications associated with esophagectomy: Esophagectomy ...
One such devices is the Dexterity Pneumo Sleeve, which was used here to perform transhiatal esophagectomy in two patients. ... METHODS: Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy. The ... CONCLUSION: Hand-assisted laparoscopic esophagectomy can be carried out with good, early, postoperative recovery. ... One such devices is the Dexterity Pneumo Sleeve, which was used here to perform transhiatal esophagectomy in two patients. ...
Larynx-preserving esophagectomy and jejunal transfer for cervical esophageal carcinoma. Hideki Kadota, Minoru Sakuraba, ... Larynx-preserving esophagectomy and jejunal transfer for cervical esophageal carcinoma. In: Laryngoscope. 2009 ; Vol. 119, No. ... Larynx-preserving esophagectomy and jejunal transfer for cervical esophageal carcinoma. / Kadota, Hideki; Sakuraba, Minoru; ... Kadota H, Sakuraba M, Kimata Y, Hayashi R, Ebihara S, Kato H. Larynx-preserving esophagectomy and jejunal transfer for cervical ...
Dysphagia after esophagectomy was worsened by cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction. Cricopharyngeus myotomy may lead to long ... We report a case of myotomy for cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction after esophagectomy. A 75-year-old man with mild dysphagia ... However, severe dysphagia after esophagectomy due to cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction is a rare complication. There are no ... Aspiration pneumonia developed after esophagectomy without paralysis of the vocal cords. In esophagoscopy, there was no ...
Risk Prediction Model of 90-Day Mortality after Esophagectomy for Cancer」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。 ... Risk Prediction Model of 90-Day Mortality after Esophagectomy for Cancer. In: JAMA Surgery. 2021 ; Vol. 156, No. 9. pp. 836-845 ... Risk Prediction Model of 90-Day Mortality after Esophagectomy for Cancer. JAMA Surgery. 2021 9月;156(9):836-845. doi: 10.1001/ ... Risk Prediction Model of 90-Day Mortality after Esophagectomy for Cancer.
title = "Quality of life after esophagectomy",. abstract = "Esophagectomy is associated with high complication rates and ... Fernandez, F. G., & Meyers, B. F. (2004). Quality of life after esophagectomy. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery ... Fernandez, Felix G. ; Meyers, Bryan F. / Quality of life after esophagectomy. In: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular ... Fernandez, FG & Meyers, BF 2004, Quality of life after esophagectomy, Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. ...
However, experience in esophagectomy has been limited. A recent study reported significant reductions in pulmonary ... One hundred thirty-two patients underwent esophagectomy (55 protocol group; 77 before). All were performed open. There were no ... Consequently, improvements in short-term outcome from esophagectomy within ERAS would seem to be primarily due to improvements ... This retrospective analysis compared outcome following esophagectomy for the 16 months before and 20 months after this change. ...
Dehydrated Human Amnion-Chorion Membrane (Placenta) Reinforcement of Esophagectomy Anastomosis. Daniel L. Miller, Kevin T. ... Dehydrated Human Amnion-Chorion Membrane (Placenta) Reinforcement of Esophagectomy Anastomosis. / Miller, Daniel L.; Watkins, ... N2 - An anastomotic leak is a potentially fatal complication after esophagectomy. This report describes the use of a dehydrated ... AB - An anastomotic leak is a potentially fatal complication after esophagectomy. This report describes the use of a dehydrated ...
... recently completed his 100th robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, an important milestone for this complex procedure. While robotic ... Overall, if you consider all approaches of esophagectomy, weve done about 150 robotic esophagectomy and maybe over 500 minimal ... and used robotic surgery for all esophagectomies exclusively since 2018, with more than 150 total robotic esophagectomy ... Esophagectomy is a very complex procedure where there is a need to enter multiple body cavities in the abdomen in the chest and ...
Which tool is the best for grading overall postoperative morbidity following esophagectomy? ...
  • Background Esophagectomy is an important, potentially curative treatment for localized esophageal cancer, but is a complex operation. (medscape.com)
  • A transthoracic esophagectomy, also known as an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, is a procedure in which part of the esophagus is removed. (moffitt.org)
  • One patient underwent minimally invasive, one Ivor-Lewis, and two patients three-hole video-assisted esophagectomy. (sages.org)
  • A long-term follow-up study of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with linear stapled anastomosis. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Studies of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIILE) with circular staplers have reported better outcomes compared to MIE with cervical anastomosis, but frequent anastomotic complications have also been reported. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • evaluated the relationship between calcification and the occurrence of leakage of the intrathoracic anastomosis after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. (uu.nl)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta is an independent risk factor for leakage of the intrathoracic anastomosis after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer. (uu.nl)
  • We present the case of a 76-year-old man with metachronous adenocarcinoma of the gastric conduit antrum 10 years after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. (blogspot.com)
  • We present a retrospective series of patients who underwent minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIE) with linear stapled anastomosis performed at two centers in the USA, with a focus on evaluating leak and stricture rates. (psu.edu)
  • A transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) is performed on the neck and abdomen simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transhiatal esophagectomy may be performed for malignant or benign indications. (medscape.com)
  • Transhiatal esophagectomy is most frequently performed for carcinoma of the esophagus. (medscape.com)
  • Transhiatal esophagectomy is the preferred approach for patients with benign esophageal disorders such as stricture of the esophagus and Barrett esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • He underwent a transhiatal esophagectomy on May 17th. (cancer.org)
  • If the main incisions are in the neck and abdomen, it is called a transhiatal esophagectomy . (cancer.org)
  • [ 10 ] The first esophagectomy performed completely via laparoscopy through a transhiatal approach was in 1995 by DePaul et al. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, esophagectomy has been performed via open transthoracic or transhiatal approaches, with randomized trials showing no significant difference in overall survival or disease-free survival. (medscape.com)
  • A 65-year-old male patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus had a transhiatal esophagectomy after a prophylactic tube jejunostomy. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • It is possible that tumor seeding may develop at the jejunostomy site after transhiatal esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • DePaula ALHashiba KFerreira EAde Paula RAGrecco E Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy with esophagogastroplasty. (jamanetwork.com)
  • 28. The CARDIA-trial protocol: a multinational, prospective, randomized, clinical trial comparing transthoracic esophagectomy with transhiatal extended gastrectomy in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) type II. (nih.gov)
  • 38. [Transhiatal esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus--our ten years experience]. (nih.gov)
  • A transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) involves opening the thorax (chest). (wikipedia.org)
  • A transthoracic esophagectomy is sometimes performed as a traditional (open) surgery, although at Moffitt Cancer Center it is mostly performed using minimally invasive techniques known as robotic surgery. (moffitt.org)
  • Our team can evaluate your diagnosis and help you determine if a transthoracic esophagectomy would be an appropriate addition to your treatment plan. (moffitt.org)
  • The esophagus is removed via an incision in the chest (transthoracic esophagectomy) or the main incision may be placed in the abdomen (tranhiatal esophagectomy). (gwhospital.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the short and long-term outcomes associated with the laparoscopic repair of post-esophagectomy hiatal hernia (PEHH). (sages.org)
  • Primary gastric conduit cancer (GCC) is a known but rare occurrence post-esophagectomy with gastric reconstruction of the esophagus. (blogspot.com)
  • METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer at 2 institutions were analyzed. (uu.nl)
  • A total of 133 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected. (termedia.pl)
  • Esophagectomy is a complex operation associated with serious immediate complications and long term chronic complications. (sages.org)
  • Patients with a history of anti-reflux surgery who undergo esophagectomy are at significantly increased risk for postoperative complications, anastomotic leak, and need for reoperation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Introduction: Failure to rescue (FTR) is an important outcome measure after esophagectomy and reflects mortality after postoperative complications. (univr.it)
  • Since esophagectomy requires an invasive procedure regardless of the open or thoracoscopic approach, it is well-known that esophagectomy revealed a high incidence of postoperative complications with 40-50% of the cases in Japanese NCD database [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early epidural interruption secondary to hypotension in esophagectomy patients may be a harbinger of postoperative complications such as sepsis and severe anastomotic leak . (bvsalud.org)
  • Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of most serious complications to occur after an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Meanwhile, the effects of postoperative AF and other complications on long-term survival following esophagectomy are not well understood. (oncotarget.com)
  • We analyzed data from this RCT to better understand the effect of postoperative AF and severe associated complications on overall survival (OS) after esophagectomy for cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • Conclusions: New-onset AF and the other severe complications were not associated with poorer long-term survival following esophagectomy. (oncotarget.com)
  • This approach can be adopted by other centers with appropriate expertise in open esophagectomy and minimally invasive surgery. (medscape.com)
  • At Moffitt, we perform esophagectomies using traditional, minimally invasive and robotic surgery techniques. (moffitt.org)
  • It is very common to go through depression after a major surgery like an esophagectomy. (cancer.org)
  • Surgery to remove some or most of the esophagus is called an esophagectomy . (cancer.org)
  • Complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates were significantly higher in patients with anti-reflux surgery before esophagectomy compared with matched controls. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusion: Esophagectomy after prior anti-reflux surgery is challenging, but the stomach is usually a suitable conduit for esophageal replacement. (elsevierpure.com)
  • And in severe cases, a type of surgery called an esophagectomy may be performed. (bulimia.com)
  • Surgery called esophagectomy is an alternative to endoscopic therapies. (nih.gov)
  • Learn your laparoscopic esophagectomy codes.The post CPT 2018 Quiz Laparoscopic Esophagectomy appeared first on AAPC Knowledge Center. (aapc.com)
  • We report a case of delayed diagnosis of a fistula forming between a gastric conduit and right bronchial tree 13 years after esophagectomy. (sages.org)
  • This study investigates the incidence and causes of epidural interruption in esophagectomy patients along with associated postoperative outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: Administration of landiolol hydrochloride was found to be associated with reduced incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in our previous randomized controlled trial (RCT). (oncotarget.com)
  • Incidence and management of chylothorax after esophagectomy. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND Radical esophagectomy for cancer is a potentially curative treatment that requires two/three-field lymphadenectomy. (uniroma1.it)
  • Gastric ulcers are a common chronic complication after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction. (sages.org)
  • This study included 66 patients who underwent esophagectomy with retrosternal reconstruction using a gastric tube. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy followed by gastric tube reconstruction, Takahashi et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CASE REPORT A 54-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus underwent Lewis-Tanner esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FLOT. (uniroma1.it)
  • Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy/chemoradiation followed by curative esophagectomy is a standard therapy for stage II/III advanced esophageal cancer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indications for esophagectomy were benign stricture/perforation in 41 patients, cancer in 28 patients, and dysplasia in 11 patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is increasingly performed to expect lower complication rate compared to open esophagectomy. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • We report the successful management of a case of anastomotic leakage with a lung fistula as a complication of esophagectomy by use of a double elementary diet tube. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many surgeons believe that radical en-bloc esophagectomy improves the cure rate, even in cases of lymph node involvement. (medscape.com)
  • Face-to-face interviews with 36 patients who had recovered from esophagectomy for cancer at university hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, were analyzed by means of a qualitative analytic approach. (nih.gov)
  • Esophagectomy of early-stage cancer represents the best chance of a cure. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] In those who have had an esophagectomy for cancer, omentoplasty (a procedure in which part of the greater omentum is used to cover or fill a defect, augment arterial or portal venous circulation, absorb effusions, or increase lymphatic drainage) appears to improve outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 5 ] In 1913, Franz Torek performed the first thoracic esophagectomy for cancer in the German (now Lenox Hill) Hospital in New York City. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] Over the next several decades, open surgical esophagectomy developed as an acceptable treatment for benign disease as well as esophageal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Although it is reported that the occurrence rate of UEDVT has increased due to central venous catheter (CVC), cancer, and surgical invasion, there is still limited information for esophagectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Postoperative atrial fibrillation does not impact on overall survival after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer: results from a. (oncotarget.com)
  • In multivariate analysis, high stage (stage III/IV) alone was an independent prognostic factor for esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy. (oncotarget.com)
  • Patrick's esophagectomy went very well, and when we performed a biopsy afterward, no active cancer cells were found," Dr. Brodsky says. (lvhn.org)
  • C genetic polymorphism influences serum C-reactive protein levels after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 3 ] The morbidity associated with esophageal resection has also raised concerns about the procedure, and referral for esophagectomy, despite its therapeutic benefit. (medscape.com)
  • In an effort to decrease the morbidity associated with esophagectomy, we and others have adopted a minimally invasive approach to esophageal resection. (medscape.com)
  • Esophagectomy versus endoscopic resection for patients with early-stage adenocarcinoma: Mercedes versus Tesla Toni Lerut, MD The Journal of Thoracic. (slideplayer.com)
  • The cytokine levels of pleural drainage fluid as well as peripheral blood were measured in 27 patients who had undergone an extended radical esophagectomy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This study aimed to assess differences in FTR after AL between centers, and to identify factors that explain these differences.Methods: TENTACLE -Esophagus is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, which included 1509 patients with AL after esophagectomy. (univr.it)
  • They recommended an aggressive chemotherapy regimen (known as FLOT) and an esophagectomy, which involves removing most of the esophagus and reconstructing it with part of the stomach. (lvhn.org)
  • After finishing his chemotherapy regimen, Knelly underwent his esophagectomy at Lehigh Valley Hospital-Cedar Crest . (lvhn.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after esophagectomy. (uu.nl)
  • The aim of this study is to review our experience with patients undergoing esophagectomy after previous fundoplication. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Patients with a fundoplication before esophagectomy were compared with a matched control group who had esophagectomy alone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical factors, including CVC placement and thromboprophylaxis approach, as well as retrosternal space's width as a predictive factor for UEDVT in patients receiving esophagectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This single-institution retrospective analysis examined patients undergoing esophagectomy who received a thoracic epidural catheter from 2016 to 2020. (bvsalud.org)
  • Of the 168 patients who received a thoracic epidural before esophagectomy , 60 (35.7%) required epidural interruption and 108 (64.3%) did not. (bvsalud.org)
  • Repeat endoscopy revealed two large chronic ulcers that had increased in size based on comparison of pictures from endoscopies 3 to 6 years after his esophagectomy despite maximal medical management. (sages.org)
  • Esophagectomy or oesophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or parts of the esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 53 year old male with type 1 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, asthma and smoking history presented 15 years after an Ivory-Lewis esophagectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a chronic cough starting 13 years after his esophagectomy followed by multiple episodes of hematoptysis over the next 2 years. (sages.org)
  • Furthermore, outcomes after MIE compare favorably to the reported series of open esophagectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Characterization of Epidural Analgesia Interruption and Associated Outcomes After Esophagectomy. (bvsalud.org)
  • In a study from the United States, the mortality of esophagectomy ranged from 8% to 23% and was dependent on hospital volume. (medscape.com)
  • Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a well-accepted approach to the treatment of benign esophageal diseases. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4-6 ] However, the adoption of MIE has been slow, in part because of the complexity of esophagectomy, even when performed by an open technique, and the relatively small number of esophageal resections that are undertaken in most centers. (medscape.com)
  • Esophagectomy is the surgical removal of the affected sections of your esophagus. (nih.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS Thoracic duct embolization seems be an effective therapy in treating high-output (>1000 mL/dL) CL that has occurred more than 2 weeks after esophagectomy. (uniroma1.it)
  • Esophagectomy is also occasionally performed for benign disease such as esophageal atresia in children, achalasia, or caustic injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • The patient was known to have ulcers in his gastric conduit with a massive bleed 1 year after his esophagectomy. (sages.org)
  • A minimally invasive approach to esophagectomy was originally described by Cuschieri and DePaula. (medscape.com)