Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).
DYSENTERY caused by intestinal amebic infection, chiefly with ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. This condition may be associated with amebic infection of the LIVER and other distant sites.
A species of anaerobic, spiral bacteria that was formerly classified as Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Treponema hyodysenteriae (and for a short while, Serpula hyodysenteriae). This organism is the agent of swine dysentery.
Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA.
Infections with bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES.
A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium.
An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).
A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals.
A genus of flexible, spiral rods found in hydrogen sulfide-containing mud, sewage, and polluted water. None of the species properly referred to in this genus are pathogenic.
A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.
A species of CORONAVIRUS infecting neonatal calves, presenting as acute diarrhea, and frequently leading to death.
A species of parasitic protozoa causing ENTAMOEBIASIS and amebic dysentery (DYSENTERY, AMEBIC). Characteristics include a single nucleus containing a small central karyosome and peripheral chromatin that is finely and regularly beaded.
A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capital is Bujumbura.
A family of spiral bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES.
Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.
An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)
An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Created as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918. Yugoslavia became the official name in 1929. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA; CROATIA; and SLOVENIA formed independent countries 7 April 1992. Macedonia became independent 8 February 1994 as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (MACEDONIA REPUBLIC).
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA.
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
A genus of spiral bacteria of the family Brachyspiraceae.
Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.
A segment of the LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the CECUM; the COLON; and the RECTUM.
Animals not contaminated by or associated with any foreign organisms.
Schools for children usually under five years of age.
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Bangladesh" is a country located in South Asia, not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition. It shares borders with India, Myanmar (Burma), and Bay of Bengal. The population is primarily Bengali, and the official language is Bangla (Bengali). The capital city is Dhaka. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, feel free to ask!
Infection with amoebae of the genus ENTAMOEBA. Infection with E. histolytica causes DYSENTERY, AMEBIC and LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC.
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.
The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.
Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin.
Single or multiple areas of PUS due to infection by any ameboid protozoa (AMEBIASIS). A common form is caused by the ingestion of ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of SPARTEINE, lupanine and other lupin alkaloids.

Pathogenesis of intestinal amebiasis: from molecules to disease. (1/120)

In spite of a wealth of knowledge on the biochemistry and cellular and molecular biology of Entamoeba histolytica, little has been done to apply these advances to our understanding of the lesions observed in patients with intestinal amebiasis. In this review, the pathological and histological findings in acute amebic colitis are related to the molecular mechanisms of E. histolytica pathogenicity described to date. Infection of the human colon by E. histolytica produces focal ulceration of the intestinal mucosa, resulting in dysentery (diarrhea with blood and mucus). Although a complete picture has not yet been achieved, the basic mechanisms involved in the production of focal lytic lesions include complex multifactorial processes in which lectins facilitate adhesion, proteases degrade extracellular matrix components, porins help nourish the parasite and may also kill incoming polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and motility is used by the parasite to invade deeper layers of the colon. In addition, E. histolytica has developed mechanisms to modulate the immune response during acute infection. Nevertheless, much still needs to be unraveled to understand how this microscopic parasite has earned its well-deserved histolytic name.  (+info)

Diagnosis of invasive amebiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of saliva to detect amebic lectin antigen and anti-lectin immunoglobulin G antibodies. (2/120)

Saliva from subjects with amebic liver abscess (ALA), acute amebic colitis, asymptomatic infection with Entamoeba histolytica or Entamoeba dispar, and uninfected controls was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of E. histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin antigen and salivary immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies to a recombinant cysteine-rich lectin-derived protein (LC3). Salivary lectin antigen was found in 65.8% of subjects with acute colitis, compared to 22.2% of those convalescent from ALA, 10.0% with asymptomatic E. histolytica infection, 9.8% with E. dispar infection, and 2.6% of controls (subjects from the United States and study patients with nonamebic diarrhea) (P < 0.001 for each compared to values for subjects with colitis). Salivary anti-LC3 IgG antibodies were found in 92% of ALA patients regardless of duration of illness and in 83.3% of colitis patients who were symptomatic for at least 7 days (P < 0.001 compared to other study groups). Serum anti-LC3 IgG antibodies were detected in 56.3% of subjects with acute colitis, 100% of subjects with ALA or prolonged colitis, 45% of subjects with asymptomatic E. histolytica infection, 32.3% of subjects with E. dispar infection, and 23.4% of diarrhea controls. In comparison to ELISA for serum anti-LC3 IgG antibodies, the salivary lectin antigen assay is a more sensitive and specific test for acute amebic colitis. Detection of salivary anti-LC3 IgG antibodies by ELISA is an effective means for the diagnosis of ALA and prolonged cases of amebic colitis.  (+info)

Toxic amebic colitis coexisting with intestinal tuberculosis. (3/120)

A patient with a fulminant amebic colitis coexisting with intestinal tuberculosis had a sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain, mucoid diarrhea, anorexia, fever and vomiting with signs of positive peritoneal irritation. Fulminant amebic colitis occurring together with intestinal tuberculosis is an uncommon event and may present an interesting patho-etiological relationship. The diagnosis was proven by histopathologic examination of resected specimen. Subtotal colectomy including segmental resection of ileum, about 80 cm in length, followed by exteriorization of both ends, was performed in an emergency basis. Despite all measures, the patient died on the sixth postoperative day. The exact relationship of fulminant amebic colitis and intestinal tuberculosis is speculative but the possibility of a cause and effect relationship exists. Fulminant amebic colitis may readily be confused with other types of inflammatory bowel disease, such as idiopathic ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, perforated diverticulitis and appendicitis with perforation. This report draws attention to the resurgence of tuberculosis and amebiasis in Korea, and the need for the high degree of caution required to detect it.  (+info)

Amebiasis and mucosal IgA antibody against the Entamoeba histolytica adherence lectin in Bangladeshi children. (4/120)

Amebiasis is the third leading parasitic cause of death worldwide, and it is not known whether immunity is acquired from a previous infection. An investigation was done to determine whether protection from intestinal infection correlated with mucosal or systemic antibody responses to the Entamoeba histolytica GalNAc adherence lectin. E. histolytica colonization was present in 0% (0/64) of children with and 13.4% (33/246) of children without stool IgA anti-GalNAc lectin antibodies (P= .001). Children with stool IgA lectin-specific antibodies at the beginning of the study had 64% fewer new E. histolytica infections by 5 months (3/42 IgA(+) vs. 47/227 IgA(-); P= .03). A stool antilectin IgA response was detected near the time of resolution of infection in 67% (12/18) of closely monitored new infections. It was concluded that a mucosal IgA antilectin antibody response is associated with immune protection against E. histolytica colonization. The demonstration of naturally acquired immunity offers hope for a vaccine to prevent amebiasis.  (+info)

Treatment of diarrhea caused by Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica or E. dispar: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of nitazoxanide. (5/120)

A prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in the treatment of diarrhea caused by Giardia intestinalis or Entamoeba histolytica and/or E. dispar in 89 adults and adolescents, 22 of whom were diagnosed with G. intestinalis, 53 with E. histolytica and/or E. dispar, and 14 with both G. intestinalis and E. histolytica and/or E. dispar. The study medication was administered as 1 nitazoxanide 500-mg tablet or a matching placebo twice daily for 3 days. Thirty-eight (81%) of 47 patients in the nitazoxanide treatment group resolved diarrhea within 7 days (median, 3 days) after initiation of treatment, versus 17 (40%) of 42 in the placebo group (P=.0002). With its efficacy in treating a broad spectrum of enteric protozoan pathogens, nitazoxanide could play an important role in the management of diarrhea caused by enteric protozoa, reducing morbidity and costs associated with these diarrheal illnesses.  (+info)

Antibiotic G418, a new micrommomospora-produced aminglycoside with activity apainst protozoa and helminths: antiparasitic activity. (6/120)

Antibiotic G-418 was shown to be superior to paromomycin and metronidazole in cecal amoebiasis. Of particular interest was the high degree of activity seen with a relatively short treatment at low levels. Although the antibiotic was trichomonacidal in vitro at low levels, in vivo results indicated that at levels tested the antibiotic did not always affect cures. The antibiotic appears to have promise as an anticestode agent, being more active than paromomycin against Hymenolepis nana and active as a single oral dose at low levels against Taenia spp.  (+info)

Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infections as detected by monoclonal antibody in an urban slum in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. (7/120)

In this study the authors used the Elisa-based antigen detection tests that distinguish E. histolytica from E. dispar to examine the prevalence of E. histolytica infection in individuals from an urban slum in Fortaleza, Northeastern, Brazil. This test has a sensitivity and specificity that is comparable to PCR and isoenzyme analysis, which is the gold standard. Single stools samples were obtained from 735 individuals. The prevalence of E. histolytica infection was 14.9% (110/735) and 25.4%(187/735) for E. dispar-E. histolytica complex. The most affected age group for E. histolytica /E. histolytica-E. dispar infection was the 1-5 year olds but there was no remarkable decrease with age. There was no significant difference in colonization rates between males and females. The results from this survey demonstrate that E. histolytica is highly prevalent in the Community studied. Furthermore, it offers promise for the antigen detection test as a sensitive and technically simple tool for detecting E. histolytica infection in the field.  (+info)

Amebiasis in four ball pythons, Python reginus. (8/120)

Between September 13th and November 18th in 1999, four ball pythons, Python reginus kept in the same display, showed anorexia and died one after another. At necropsy, all four snakes had severe hemorrhagic colitis. Microscopically, all snakes had severe necrotizing hemorrhagic colitis, in association with ameba-like protozoa. Some of the protozoa had macrophage-like morphology and others formed protozoal cysts with thickened walls. These protozoa were distributed throughout the wall in the large intestine. Based on the pathological findings, these snakes were infested with a member of Entamoeba sp., presumably with infection by Entamoeba invadens, the most prevalent type of reptilian amoebae.  (+info)

Dysentery is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the intestine, particularly the colon, leading to severe diarrhea containing blood, mucus, and/or pus. It is typically caused by infectious agents such as bacteria (like Shigella, Salmonella, or Escherichia coli) or parasites (such as Entamoeba histolytica). The infection can be acquired through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person. Symptoms may also include abdominal cramps, fever, and dehydration. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent potential complications.

Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by the bacterium Shigella. It is characterized by the inflammation of the intestines, particularly the colon, resulting in diarrhea that may contain blood and mucus. The infection is typically spread through contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms usually appear within 1-4 days after exposure and can include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and tenesmus (the strong, frequent urge to have a bowel movement). In severe cases, bacillary dysentery can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and other complications. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria, as well as fluid replacement to prevent dehydration.

Amebic dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is characterized by severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus, abdominal pain, and cramping. The infection is typically acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Once inside the body, the parasites invade the intestinal lining, causing damage and leading to the symptoms of dysentery. In severe cases, the parasites can spread to other organs such as the liver, lungs, or brain, causing more serious infections. Amebic dysentery is treated with medications that kill the parasites, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene and sanitation, including proper handwashing and safe food handling practices.

'Brachyspira hyodysenteriae' is a species of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is a primary cause of swine dysentery, a severe enteric disease in pigs. The bacteria colonize the large intestine and produce toxins that cause inflammation and diarrhea, often with mucus and blood in the feces. Infection can lead to weight loss, dehydration, and death in young pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers.

The bacteria are difficult to control due to their ability to survive outside the host for extended periods and their resistance to many antibiotics. Good biosecurity practices, including strict sanitation measures and the use of vaccines, can help prevent the spread of swine dysentery in pig herds.

Treponemal infections are a group of diseases caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. This includes syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta. These infections can affect various organ systems in the body and can have serious consequences if left untreated.

1. Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection that can also be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. It is characterized by sores (chancres) on the genitals, anus, or mouth, followed by a rash and flu-like symptoms. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as damage to the heart, brain, and nervous system.
2. Yaws: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects children in rural areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. The initial symptom is a painless bump on the skin that eventually ulcerates and heals, leaving a scar. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of bone and cartilage.
3. Bejel: Also known as endemic syphilis, this infection is spread through direct contact with infected saliva or mucous membranes. It primarily affects children in dry and arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The initial symptom is a painless sore on the mouth or skin, followed by a rash and other symptoms similar to syphilis.
4. Pinta: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects people in rural areas of Central and South America. The initial symptom is a red or brown spot on the skin, which eventually turns into a scaly rash. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of pigmentation in the skin.

Treponemal infections can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as penicillin, which can cure the infection if caught early enough. However, untreated treponemal infections can lead to serious health complications and even death.

Spirochaetales is an order of bacteria that includes several species known to cause infections in humans. The term "Spirochaetales infections" generally refers to diseases caused by these spirochete bacteria. The most well-known Spirochaetales infections include:

1. Syphilis - Caused by Treponema pallidum, syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can have serious consequences if left untreated. It progresses through several stages, with symptoms ranging from painless sores to rashes, and may eventually affect the heart, brain, and other organs.

2. Lyme disease - Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through tick bites, Lyme disease is an inflammatory illness that can cause a variety of symptoms, such as rash, fever, fatigue, and joint pain. In later stages, it may lead to neurological and cardiac complications if not treated promptly.

3. Leptospirosis - Caused by Leptospira spp., leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that humans usually acquire through exposure to infected animal urine or contaminated water. Symptoms can range from mild flu-like illness to severe complications, such as kidney and liver failure, meningitis, and respiratory distress.

4. Relapsing fever - Caused by Borrelia recurrentis and transmitted through the bite of lice, relapsing fever is characterized by recurring episodes of high fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches. The disease can be severe and may lead to complications such as myocarditis, hepatitis, and neurological issues.

5. Pinta - Caused by Treponema carateum, pinta is a tropical skin infection that primarily affects the outer layers of the skin, causing lesions and discoloration. While not typically life-threatening, it can lead to significant disfigurement if left untreated.

Treatment for Spirochaetales infections generally involves antibiotics, such as penicillin or doxycycline, depending on the specific infection and its severity. Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, using insect repellent to prevent insect bites, avoiding contact with potentially infected animals, and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms develop after potential exposure.

Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is one of the four species of the genus Shigella, which are the causative agents of shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery.

Shigella flexneri is responsible for causing a significant proportion of shigellosis cases worldwide, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. The bacteria can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water, and can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the urgent need to defecate).

The infection can lead to inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the intestines, resulting in the destruction of the epithelial cells and the formation of ulcers. In severe cases, Shigella flexneri can invade the bloodstream and cause systemic infections, which can be life-threatening for young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

The diagnosis of Shigella flexneri infection typically involves the detection of the bacteria in stool samples using culture methods or molecular techniques such as PCR. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, although resistance to multiple drugs has been reported in some strains. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, safe food handling, and access to clean water.

"Shigella dysenteriae" is a specific species of bacteria that can cause severe forms of dysentery, a type of diarrheal disease. The infection caused by this bacterium is known as shigellosis. Shigella dysenteriae is highly infectious and can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food or water.

The bacteria produce toxins that can cause inflammation and damage to the lining of the intestine, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea (often containing blood and mucus), abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the urgent need to have a bowel movement). In severe cases, shigellosis can lead to complications such as dehydration, seizures, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious condition that can cause kidney failure.

Shigella dysenteriae is a public health concern, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Prevention measures include good hand hygiene, safe food handling practices, and access to clean water. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, fluids, and electrolyte replacement to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Arsanilic acid is a type of arsenical compound that was once used in medicine, particularly as a veterinary medication, for the treatment and prevention of certain parasitic diseases. It is an organic compound containing arsenic, with the chemical formula As(C6H5O3)2.

Arsanilic acid has been largely replaced by other medications due to its potential toxicity and the availability of safer alternatives. Prolonged exposure or ingestion of high doses of arsanilic acid can lead to arsenic poisoning, which may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and in severe cases, neurological damage, liver and kidney failure, and even death.

It is important to note that the use of arsanilic acid in human medicine is now highly restricted and its handling should be done with caution due to its potential health hazards.

Swine diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions that affect pigs. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors. Some common swine diseases include:

1. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS): a viral disease that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and grower pigs.
2. Classical Swine Fever (CSF): also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages.
3. Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD): a group of diseases caused by porcine circoviruses, including Porcine CircoVirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS).
4. Swine Influenza: a respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that can infect pigs and humans.
5. Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes pneumonia in pigs.
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes severe pneumonia in pigs.
7. Salmonella: a group of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans and a variety of diseases in pigs, including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion.
8. Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae: a bacterial disease that causes dysentery in pigs.
9. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae: a bacterial disease that causes erysipelas in pigs.
10. External and internal parasites, such as lice, mites, worms, and flukes, can also cause diseases in swine.

Prevention and control of swine diseases rely on good biosecurity practices, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and management practices. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to detect and treat diseases early.

Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are primarily responsible for causing shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery. These pathogens are highly infectious and can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in humans through the consumption of contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces.

There are four main species of Shigella: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei. Each species has distinct serotypes that differ in their epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The severity of shigellosis can range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery with abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the strong, frequent urge to defecate). In some cases, Shigella infections may lead to complications such as bacteremia, seizures, or hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, proper food handling and preparation, access to clean water, and adequate sanitation facilities. Antibiotic treatment is generally recommended for severe cases of shigellosis, but the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has become a growing concern in recent years.

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria, also known as spirochetes. These bacteria are gram-negative and have unique motility provided by endoflagella, which are located in the periplasmic space, running lengthwise between the cell's outer membrane and inner membrane.

Treponema species are responsible for several important diseases in humans, including syphilis (Treponema pallidum), yaws (Treponema pertenue), pinta (Treponema carateum), and endemic syphilis or bejel (Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum). These diseases are collectively known as treponematoses.

It is important to note that while these bacteria share some common characteristics, they differ in their clinical manifestations and geographical distributions. Proper diagnosis and treatment of treponemal infections require medical expertise and laboratory confirmation.

"Spirochaeta" is a genus of spirochete bacteria, characterized by their long, spiral-shaped bodies. These bacteria are gram-negative, meaning they do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining method, and are typically motile, moving by means of endoflagella located within their outer membrane. Members of this genus are found in various environments, including freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. Some species are free-living, while others are parasitic or symbiotic with animals. It is important to note that the medical significance of "Spirochaeta" species is limited compared to other spirochete genera like "Treponema," which includes the bacterium causing syphilis.

"Shigella sonnei" is a medically recognized term that refers to a specific species of bacteria that can cause human illness. It's one of the four main species in the genus Shigella, and it's responsible for a significant portion of shigellosis cases worldwide.

Shigella sonnei is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium that can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water. Once ingested, it can invade and infect the epithelial cells of the colon, leading to inflammation and diarrhea, which can range from mild to severe.

The infection caused by Shigella sonnei is known as shigellosis, and its symptoms may include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and watery or bloody diarrhea. In some cases, it can lead to more serious complications such as dehydration, seizures, or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a type of kidney failure.

It's worth noting that Shigella sonnei is particularly concerning because it has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, making treatment more challenging in some cases. Proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing and safe food handling, are crucial in preventing the spread of this bacterium.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a species of coronavirus that infects cattle and other animals such as yaks, deer, and occasionally humans. It is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae.

BCoV primarily causes respiratory and enteric diseases in cattle, resulting in symptoms such as pneumonia, coughing, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their feces, contaminated food, water, or fomites.

In humans, BCoV infection is rare but has been associated with respiratory illnesses in people working closely with cattle, such as farmers, abattoir workers, and veterinarians. The symptoms of human BCoV infection are similar to those caused by other coronaviruses, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath.

Prevention measures for BCoV include good hygiene practices, wearing personal protective equipment when working with cattle, and vaccination of animals against the virus. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine available for human BCoV infection.

'Entamoeba histolytica' is a species of microscopic, single-celled protozoan parasites that can cause a range of human health problems, primarily in the form of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. The medical definition of 'Entamoeba histolytica' is as follows:

Entamoeba histolytica: A species of pathogenic protozoan parasites belonging to the family Entamoebidae, order Amoebida, and phylum Sarcomastigophora. These microorganisms are typically found in the form of cysts or trophozoites and can infect humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, water, or feces.

Once inside the human body, 'Entamoeba histolytica' parasites can colonize the large intestine, where they may cause a range of symptoms, from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery, depending on the individual's immune response and the location of the infection. In some cases, these parasites can also invade other organs, such as the liver, lungs, or brain, leading to more serious health complications.

The life cycle of 'Entamoeba histolytica' involves two main stages: the cyst stage and the trophozoite stage. The cysts are the infective form, which can be transmitted from person to person through fecal-oral contact or by ingesting contaminated food or water. Once inside the human body, these cysts excyst in the small intestine, releasing the motile and feeding trophozoites.

The trophozoites then migrate to the large intestine, where they can multiply by binary fission and cause tissue damage through their ability to phagocytize host cells and release cytotoxic substances. Some of these trophozoites may transform back into cysts, which are excreted in feces and can then infect other individuals.

Diagnosis of 'Entamoeba histolytica' infection typically involves the examination of stool samples for the presence of cysts or trophozoites, as well as serological tests to detect antibodies against the parasite. Treatment usually involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which can kill the trophozoites and help to control the infection. However, it is important to note that these drugs do not affect the cysts, so proper sanitation and hygiene measures are crucial to prevent the spread of the parasite.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Burundi" does not have a medical definition. Burundi is a country located in East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It's known for its warm, friendly people, beautiful landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. If you have any questions about Burundi's geography, history, or culture, I'd be happy to try to help answer them!

Spirochaetaceae is a family of spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacteria known as spirochetes. These bacteria are characterized by their unique morphology, which includes a flexible helical shape and the presence of endoflagella, which are located inside the cell wall and run lengthwise along the entire length of the organism. This arrangement of flagella allows the spirochete to move in a corkscrew-like motion.

Spirochaetaceae includes several genera of medically important bacteria, such as:

* Treponema: This genus includes the bacterium that causes syphilis (Treponema pallidum) and other treponemal diseases like yaws and pinta.
* Borrelia: This genus includes the spirochetes responsible for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) and relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis).
* Leptospira: This genus contains the bacteria that cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted through the urine of infected animals.

Spirochetes are often found in aquatic environments and can be part of the normal microbiota of some animals, including humans. However, certain species can cause significant diseases in humans and animals, making them important pathogens. Proper identification and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing spirochetal infections.

Ronidazole is an antiprotozoal and antibacterial medication. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, including certain types of diarrhea, bacterial vaginosis, and amebiasis. Ronidazole works by interfering with the DNA of the microorganisms, which leads to their death.

The medical definition of Ronidazole is: "A nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, including Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and certain anaerobic bacteria."

It is important to note that Ronidazole has potential side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and a metallic taste in the mouth. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects, including peripheral neuropathy and seizures. It should be used with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Carbadox is a veterinary drug that belongs to the class of medications called antimicrobials. It is specifically an antimicrobial agent with both antibacterial and coccidiostat properties. Carbadox is used in the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial infections in swine (pigs). It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and killing coccidia, a type of parasite that can cause infection in pigs.

Carbadox is available as a feed additive and is typically administered to pigs through their food. It is important to note that carbadox is not approved for use in animals destined for human consumption in many countries, including the European Union, due to concerns about potential carcinogenicity and other safety issues.

It's worth mentioning that the use of carbadox in food-producing animals has been a topic of controversy and debate in recent years, with some experts calling for stricter regulations or a complete ban on its use due to concerns about antibiotic resistance and human health.

Lincomycin is defined as an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis. It is primarily bacteriostatic, inhibiting protein synthesis in sensitive bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Lincomycin is used clinically to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible gram-positive organisms, including some anaerobes. It has activity against many strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci, but not enterococci. Common side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Yugoslavia" is not a medical term. It refers to a country in southeastern Europe that existed from 1929 to 2006. The country was originally named the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but it was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, it became a socialist federal republic. The country dissolved in the 1990s amidst political turmoil and ethnic conflict, leading to the formation of several independent countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. I hope this clarifies things! If you have any other questions, please let me know.

Diarrhea is a condition in which an individual experiences loose, watery stools frequently, often exceeding three times a day. It can be acute, lasting for several days, or chronic, persisting for weeks or even months. Diarrhea can result from various factors, including viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections, food intolerances, medications, and underlying medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Dehydration is a potential complication of diarrhea, particularly in severe cases or in vulnerable populations like young children and the elderly.

Shigella vaccines are immunizations that are developed to protect against Shigella infection, which is caused by the bacterium Shigella spp. These vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response (the production of antibodies and activation of immune cells) that will provide protection against future Shigella infections.

There are currently no licensed Shigella vaccines available for use, although several candidate vaccines are in various stages of development and clinical trials. These vaccines typically contain inactivated or attenuated (weakened) forms of the bacteria, or specific components of the bacteria that can stimulate an immune response.

Shigella infection can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and tenesmus (the strong, frequent urge to have a bowel movement). In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as dehydration, seizures, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is a serious condition that can cause kidney failure. Shigella infection is most commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

'Brachyspira' is a genus of bacteria that are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of animals, including pigs, birds, and humans. These bacteria are gram-negative, anaerobic or microaerophilic, and spiral-shaped, which gives them their name ('brachys' meaning short and 'spira' meaning coil).

Some species of Brachyspira are known to cause intestinal diseases in animals, such as swine dysentery in pigs and hemorrhagic bowel disease in birds. In humans, Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira suanatina have been associated with cases of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. However, the role of Brachyspira species in human health and disease is not well understood and requires further research.

It's worth noting that while Brachyspira bacteria can be pathogenic, they are also a normal part of the intestinal microbiota in many animals, and their presence alone does not necessarily indicate disease.

Trichuriasis is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm. This infection primarily affects the large intestine (cecum and colon). The main symptoms of trichuriasis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. In heavy infections, there can be severe complications such as anemia, growth retardation, and rectal prolapse. Trichuriasis is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated soil containing Trichuris trichiura eggs, often through poor hygiene practices or exposure to contaminated food and water.

The large intestine, also known as the colon, is the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract that extends from the cecum, where it joins the small intestine, to the anus. It is called "large" because it has a larger diameter compared to the small intestine and is responsible for several important functions in the digestive process.

The large intestine measures about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long in adults and consists of four main regions: the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food materials, compact the remaining waste into feces, and store it until it is eliminated through defecation.

The large intestine also contains a diverse population of bacteria that aid in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates, producing vitamins like vitamin K and some B vitamins, and competing with harmful microorganisms to maintain a healthy balance within the gut. Additionally, the large intestine plays a role in immune function and helps protect the body from pathogens through the production of mucus, antimicrobial substances, and the activation of immune cells.

A germ-free life refers to an existence in which an individual is not exposed to or colonized by any harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This condition is also known as "sterile" or "aseptic." In a medical context, achieving a germ-free state is often the goal in certain controlled environments, such as operating rooms, laboratories, and intensive care units, where the risk of infection must be minimized. However, it is not possible to maintain a completely germ-free life outside of these settings, as microorganisms are ubiquitous in the environment and are an essential part of the human microbiome. Instead, maintaining good hygiene practices and a healthy immune system is crucial for preventing illness and promoting overall health.

I believe there may be a slight confusion in your question. "Schools" and "Nurseries" are institutions or facilities where children receive education and care, they are not medical terms or conditions. However, I can provide you with a brief explanation of each:

1. Schools: These are educational institutions designed to provide learning environments and teach academic and social skills to children (and sometimes adults) of various age groups. Schools may focus on different areas of education, such as elementary, secondary, or higher education. They typically follow a structured curriculum and have certified teachers who guide students in their studies.

2. Nurseries: A nursery is an early childhood education facility that provides care for children, usually between the ages of 6 weeks and 5 years old. Also known as preschools or daycare centers, they offer a safe and nurturing environment where young children can learn, play, and socialize under the supervision of trained professionals. Nurseries often follow an educational program that promotes early childhood development through various activities, such as storytime, arts and crafts, and games.

I hope this clarifies any confusion regarding your question. If you have any other questions or need further information, please don't hesitate to ask!

Gram-negative bacterial infections refer to illnesses or diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye during the Gram staining procedure used in microbiology. This characteristic is due to the structure of their cell walls, which contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), proteins, and phospholipids.

The LPS component of the outer membrane is responsible for the endotoxic properties of Gram-negative bacteria, which can lead to severe inflammatory responses in the host. Common Gram-negative bacterial pathogens include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus mirabilis, among others.

Gram-negative bacterial infections can cause a wide range of clinical syndromes, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and soft tissue infections. The severity of these infections can vary from mild to life-threatening, depending on the patient's immune status, the site of infection, and the virulence of the bacterial strain.

Effective antibiotic therapy is crucial for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections, but the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has become a significant global health concern. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes and prevent further spread of resistance.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Bangladesh" is a country located in South Asia, rather than a medical term or condition. It is bordered by India to the west, north, and east, and by Myanmar (Burma) to the southeast, with the Bay of Bengal to the south. The official name of the country is the People's Republic of Bangladesh.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them for you!

Entamoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It can affect various organs, but the most common site of infection is the large intestine (colon), leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and cramping. In severe cases, it may cause invasive disease, including amoebic dysentery or extraintestinal infections like liver abscesses.

The life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica involves two stages: the infective cyst stage and the proliferative trophozoite stage. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or hands containing cysts. Once inside the human body, these cysts excyst in the small intestine, releasing trophozoites that colonize the large intestine and cause disease.

Entamoebiasis is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Preventive measures include proper handwashing, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole.

The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system in humans and other vertebrates. It is an organ that eliminates waste from the body and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. The main function of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food, forming and storing feces until they are eliminated through the anus.

The colon is divided into several regions, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The walls of the colon contain a layer of muscle that helps to move waste material through the organ by a process called peristalsis.

The inner surface of the colon is lined with mucous membrane, which secretes mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. The colon also contains a large population of bacteria, known as the gut microbiota, which play an important role in digestion and immunity.

The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is a pouch-like structure that connects to the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ascending colon (the first part of the large intestine). The cecum is where the appendix is attached. Its function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and it also serves as a site for the fermentation of certain types of dietary fiber by gut bacteria. However, the exact functions of the cecum are not fully understood.

Amoxicillin pivoxil is not a commonly used medical term, but I believe you are referring to Amoxicillin, which is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. Pivoxil is a form of esterification that is used to improve the absorption and bioavailability of Amoxicillin when administered orally.

Amoxicillin pivoxil is a prodrug, which means it is converted into its active form (Amoxicillin) in the body after ingestion. The pivoxil ester is rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and liver to release Amoxicillin, making it easier to absorb and more effective at treating bacterial infections.

The medical definition of Amoxicillin is:

A semi-synthetic antibiotic derived from Penicillin, used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and dental infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to bacterial death. Amoxicillin is available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, and oral suspensions.

Therefore, Amoxicillin pivoxil can be considered a specific formulation of Amoxicillin that has been modified to improve its absorption and bioavailability.

Amebic liver abscess is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a pus-filled cavity (abscess) in the liver caused by the infection of the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite typically enters the body through contaminated food or water and makes its way to the liver, where it can cause tissue damage and abscess formation. The abscess is usually solitary and contains necrotic debris and inflammatory cells, primarily composed of neutrophils. Symptoms may include fever, right upper quadrant pain, and tender hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). If left untreated, amebic liver abscess can lead to serious complications such as perforation of the liver, bacterial superinfection, or spread of the infection to other organs.

"Lupinus" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for the group of plants commonly known as lupines or bluebonnets. Some people may use "lupinus" in a medical context to refer to an allergy or sensitivity to lupine beans or other parts of the lupine plant, which can cause symptoms such as rash, itching, and digestive issues. However, this is not a widely recognized medical condition and reactions to lupines are relatively rare. If you have any concerns about a potential allergy or sensitivity to lupines, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

"Amebiasis (amebic dysentery)". www.health.ny.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-12. Carrero, Julio C.; Reyes-López, Magda; Serrano-Luna, ... Dans, Leonila F; Martínez, Elizabeth G (2007-01-01). "Amoebic dysentery". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2007. ISSN 1752-8526. PMC ... amoebic dysentery, and malaria. The species originally termed "protozoa" are not closely related to each other and only have ...
Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amebic dysentery. Entamoeba histolytica appears to be capable of meiosis. Unicellular ...
Dysentery, both bacillary and amebic, also complicated many patients' nutritional status. Lice and scabies were endemic. Most ...
"Amebic dysentery gets its name: the story of William Thomas Councilman". The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal. United States. 146 ... He is remembered for his contribution in a monograph on amoebic dysentery (1891) which described detailed observations of it ...
This tissue destruction can also involve blood vessels leading to bloody diarrhea, amebic dysentery. Occasionally, trophozoites ... or it can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess. Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, bloody diarrhea, ... In the liver a similar pathological sequence ensues, leading to amebic liver abscesses. The trophozoites can also end up in ... 2015). "First case of amebic liver abscess 22 years after the first occurrence". Parasite. 22: 20. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015020 ...
This tissue decimation can also involve blood vessels leading to bloody diarrhea or amebic dysentery.[citation needed] ... In the liver a similar pathological sequence ensues, leading to amebic liver abscesses. The trophozoites can also end up in ... "Amebic Abscess of the Brain". Neurosurgery. 6 (2): 192-194. doi:10.1227/00006123-198002000-00014. ISSN 0148-396X. PMID 6245387 ...
It is unclear whether the cause was malaria, intestinal bleeding from typhoid, or chronic amebic dysentery. It was during the ...
It is unclear whether the cause was malaria, intestinal bleeding from typhoid, or chronic amebic dysentery. The plan for the ...
Amoebic dysentery is one form of traveler's diarrhea, although most traveler's diarrhea is bacterial or viral in origin. ... 2015). "First case of amebic liver abscess 22 years after the first occurrence". Parasite. 22: 20. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015020 ... Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. ... An outbreak of amoebic dysentery occurs in Diana Gabaldon's novel A Breath of Snow and Ashes. "Entamoebiasis - MeSH - NCBI". ...
Amebic+Dysentery at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mani S, Wierzba T, Walker RI (June ... Dysentery has been described at least since the time of Hippocrates. The most common form of dysentery is bacillary dysentery, ... "Dysentery" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary "WHO EMRO , Dysentery , Health topics". www.emro.who.int. Retrieved 15 November 2019 ... "Dysentery". nhs.uk. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2019. Marie C, Petri WA (August 2013). "Amoebic dysentery". BMJ ...
... having fevers of 40 because of malaria and/or amebic dysentery without food. After World War II, in 1953 he became the coach ...
... or to treat amebic dysentery. The stem of the plant is used to treat fractures and rheumatalgia. The leaves of the plant are ...
For amebic dysentery a multi-prong approach must be used, starting with one of: metronidazole 500-750 mg three times a day for ... For amebic liver abscess: Metronidazole 400 mg three times a day for 10 days Tinidazole 2g once a day for 6 days is an ...
... dysentery MeSH C06.405.205.331.312 - dysentery, amebic MeSH C06.405.205.331.479 - dysentery, bacillary MeSH C06.405.205.462 - ... dysentery MeSH C06.405.469.300.312 - dysentery, amebic MeSH C06.405.469.300.479 - dysentery, bacillary MeSH C06.405.469.326 - ... dysentery, amebic MeSH C06.405.469.452.481 - giardiasis MeSH C06.405.469.471 - intestinal fistula MeSH C06.405.469.471.600 - ... amebic MeSH C06.552.597.758 - liver abscess, pyogenic MeSH C06.552.630.380 - liver cirrhosis, alcoholic MeSH C06.552.630.400 - ...
... dysentery, amebic MeSH C03.752.700.700.055.407 - entamoebiasis MeSH C03.752.700.700.055.703 - liver abscess, amebic MeSH ...
"Naegleria and Amebic Meningoencephalitis - Minnesota Dept. of Health". www.health.state.mn.us. Archived from the original on ... or amoebic dysentery Leptospira - a zoonotic bacteria that causes leptospirosis Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( ... "Naegleria fowleri - Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM): Ritual Nasal Rinsing & Ablution". www.cdc.gov. CDC. 2023-05-03. ... "Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) - Naegleria fowleri , Parasites , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-06-24. Archived from the ...
... amebic MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.455.730 - liver abscess, pyogenic MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.810 - subphrenic abscess MeSH ... dysentery, bacillary MeSH C01.252.400.310.330 - escherichia coli infections MeSH C01.252.400.310.330.500 - meningitis, ...
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Metronidazole tablets are indicated in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and amebic liver abscess ... For acute intestinal amebiasis (acute amebic dysentery) 750 mg orally three times daily for 5 to 10 days. ... For amebic liver abscess 500 mg or 750 mg orally three times daily for 5 to 10 days. ... In amebic liver abscess, metronidazole tablets therapy does not obviate the need for aspiration or drainage of pus. ...
"Amebiasis (amebic dysentery)". www.health.ny.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-12. Carrero, Julio C.; Reyes-López, Magda; Serrano-Luna, ... Dans, Leonila F; Martínez, Elizabeth G (2007-01-01). "Amoebic dysentery". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2007. ISSN 1752-8526. PMC ... amoebic dysentery, and malaria. The species originally termed "protozoa" are not closely related to each other and only have ...
Entamoeba species, including amebic colitis and liver abscess. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and ... In some cases, it invades the colon wall, causing colitis, acute dysentery, or long-term (chronic) diarrhea. The infection can ...
Amebic dysentery. * CNS actinomycosis. *. Prior Actinomyces infection at a distant site, such as lungs, abdomen, or pelvis ...
Indeed, after malaria and schistosomiasis, the dysentery caused by the amoeba is the third leading cause of death in the world ... See also Amebic dysentery; Parasites. World of Microbiology and Immunology ×. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy ... Indeed, after malaria and schistosomiasis, the dysentery caused by the amoeba is the third leading cause of death in the world ... In developed regions, where sanitation is established and where water treatment systems are in routine use, the dysentery ...
Care should be taken to distinguish large white cells (a nonspecific indicator of dysentery) from trophozoites. Amebic ... Dysentery When possible, patients presenting with signs and symptoms of dysentery should have stool specimens examined by ... Dysentery cases should be recorded as a separate category. Any increase in the number or severity of cases, change in the type ... Treatment for amebiasis or giardiasis should not be considered unless microscopic examination of fresh feces shows amebic or ...
Dysentery [‎7]‎. Dysentery, Amebic [‎1]‎. Dysentery, Bacillary [‎22]‎. Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [‎4]‎. ...
A study of yearly change in prevalence and risk factors for amebic colitis showed that gender, age, and previous infections ... Amebic dysentery April 1999-December 2002. Infectious Agents Surveillance Report. 2003;24:79-80. ... Amebic. colitis,. n = 31. No amebic. colitis,. n = 217. OR. (95% CI). p. value. Amebic. colitis,. n = 23. No amebic. colitis,. ... Amebic colitis, n = 54. No amebic colitis, n = 10,876. Odds ratio (95% CI). ...
I. Amebic dysentery and its complications. . Medicine (Baltimore) 56. : 315. -. 323. .. ), false ... I. Amebic dysentery and its complications. . Medicine (Baltimore) 56. : 315. -. 323. .. ), false ... Amebic and pyogenic liver abscess: importance of differential diagnosis in areas of endemic amebiasis. Trop Med Int Health 12: ... Amebic and pyogenic liver abscess: importance of differential diagnosis in areas of endemic amebiasis. Trop Med Int Health 12: ...
Amebic dysentery Amebic dysentery, common in the tropics, manifests with episodes of frequent semiliquid stools that often ... In amebic dysentery, stools are usually less frequent and less watery than those in bacillary dysentery. They ... Amebic dysentery may be confused with shigellosis Shigellosis Shigellosis is an acute infection of the intestine caused by the ... Chronic amebic infection of the colon Chronic amebic infection of the colon can mimic inflammatory bowel disease Overview of ...
Amebic dysentery tends to be misdiagnosed. Shigellosis. If a microscope is unavailable for diagnosis, or if definite ... Shigella dysentery. * Amoebic dysentery. * Acute giardiasis. For specific recommendations see Cholera and Dysentery. Anti- ... Dysentery. When possible, patients presenting with signs and symptoms of dysentery should have stool specimens examined by ... Dysentery cases should be recorded as a separate category. Any increase in the number or severity of cases, change in the type ...
Categories: Dysentery, Amebic Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...
Bacillary dysentery (BD) remains a significant public health issue, especially in developing countries. Evidence assessing the ... Diagnostic Criteria and Principles of Management of Bacillary and Amebic Dysentery. [Chinese]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/s9491/ ... Spatiotemporal pattern of bacillary dysentery in China from 1990 to 2009: what is the driver behind? PLoS One 9(8):e104329, ... Impacts of ambient temperature on the burden of bacillary dysentery in urban and rural Hefei, China. Epidemiol Infect 145(8): ...
Health problems encountered during her travels included dengue fever, amebic dysentery, and intestinal helminthiasis. Of note, ...
Dysentery, Amebic* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... Two cases of endoscopically diagnosed amebic colitis treated with paromomycin monotherapy. Yamamoto K, Yanagawa Y, Oka S, ...
Dysentery, Amebic / drug therapy* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...
May show amebic colitis when trophozoites invade the bowel. Mild watery diarrhea to acute fulminating bloody or mucoid ... Diarrhea or dysentery. Nausea, vomiting. Abdominal pain. Severe cases, may see blood &/or mucus in stool. Often see ... DISEASE IN MAN: Signs range from none to a severe dysentery syndrome with blood and mucus in the feces, abdominal cramping, ... Rarely liver, lung, & CNS, amebic abscesses may form. DIAGNOSIS: Use fresh fecal specimen to identify cysts or trophozoites. ...
Those responsible amebic dysentery and stenopaic spectacles was useless. Good can be laid down to the artist mr. Buy Generic ...
For example, amoebic dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. ... amoebic, amebic, amoeban, ameban, amoebous, amebousadjective. pertaining to or resembling amoebae ...
dysentery (dis-en-tar-e). A disease marked by frequent watery stools, often with blood and mucus, and characterized clinically ... balantidial d. a type of colitis resembling in many respects amebic d.; caused by the parasitic ciliate, Balantidium coli. ... dys-, bad, + entera, bowels] amebic d. diarrhea resulting from ulcerative inflammation of the colon, caused chiefly by ... infection with Entamoeba histolytica; may be mild or severe and also may be associated with amebic infection of other organs. ...
1(f). Entamoeba histolytica, amebic dysentery, smear or section 2(f). Leishmania donovani, causes Kala-Azar, smear or section 3 ... honey bee dysentery, t.s. of bee intestine 12(d). Monocystis agilis, from earthworm seminal vesicle 13(d). Eimeria stiedae, ...
... both of which have known roles in amebic pathogenesis. Decreased expression of these genes in the 5-AzaC treated E. histolytica ... of all annotated amebic genes) and compared the expression profile of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS parasites with those treated ... Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscesses. These ... Additionally, an amebic protein which binds preferentially to methylated DNA has recently been identified (E. histolytica ...
Him hand on not help colds, amebic dysentery, amoxicillin insurance ocherish independent viral infections. ...
... shigella and amebic dysentery claimed many lives. In the 1940s, we see a dramatic reduction of these untimely deaths due to ... dysentery, mycoplasma, Epstein Barr, HIV Heliobacter, herpes, colds, flu, hepatitis, tuberculosis, Lyme, Shigella, Candida, ...
Amebic dysentery, Box: 41, Folder: 39. D. Carleton Gajdusek Papers, MS C 565. Archives and Modern Manuscripts Collection. https ... Amebic dysentery, Box: 41, Folder: 39. D. Carleton Gajdusek Papers, MS C 565. Archives and Modern Manuscripts Collection. ...
  • This parasite causes amebiasis , an intestinal infection that is also called amebic dysentery. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Amebic dysentery , or intestinal amebiasis, is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica . (britannica.com)
  • In acute amebiasis, there is severe dysentery with numerous small stools containing blood, mucus and necrotic mucosa accompanied by acute abdominal pain, tenderness and fever. (atlas.or.kr)
  • Chronic amebiasis is characterized by recurrent attacks of dysentery with gastrointestinal disturbance. (atlas.or.kr)
  • In extraintestinal amebiasis, the liver is invaded chiefly, resulting amebic hepatitis or liver abscess. (atlas.or.kr)
  • In extraintestinal amebiasis, amebic abscesses (mostly a single liver abscess in the right lobe of the liver ) may form, resulting in pain as well as a feeling of pressure in the right upper quadrant ( RUQ ). (amboss.com)
  • Amebic liver abscess is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, the same organism that causes amebiasis, an intestinal infection. (findmeacure.com)
  • 2. Treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and amebic liver abscess. (kanawatipharma.com)
  • Amebiasis: For acute intestinal amebiasis: 750 mg orally 3 times daily for 5 to 10 days.For amebic liver abscess: 500 mg or 750 mg orally 3 times daily for 5 to 10 days. (kanawatipharma.com)
  • THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS Acute intestinal amebiasis and amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica. (medicinesmexico.com.mx)
  • Amebiasis (or amebic dysentery) can cause bloody diarrhea accompanied by fever and prostration. (testcatalog.org)
  • FLAGYL 375 capsules are indicated in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and amebic liver abscess. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Amebic liver abscess is a collection of pus in the liver in response to an intestinal parasite called Entamoeba histolytica . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Entamoeba species, including amebic colitis and liver abscess. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Amebic liver abscess is an extraintestinal manifestation caused by a protozoa Entamoeba histolytica . (findmeacure.com)
  • Dysentery is an infection of the intestines caused by either a group of bacteria called shigella (this type of dysentery is called shigellosis) or by protozoan (single-celled) parasites called Entamoeba (this is called amebic dysentery). (naturalhomecures.com)
  • The two most common causes of dysentery are infection with a bacillus of the Shigella group, and infestation by an ameba, Entamoeba histolytica. (naturalhomecures.com)
  • There are two major types: bacillary dysentery, caused by bacteria , and amebic dysentery, caused by amoebas . (britannica.com)
  • Bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis , is caused by bacilli of the genus Shigella . (britannica.com)
  • Other types of bacterial infections, including salmonellosis (caused by Salmonella ) and campylobacteriosis (caused by Campylobacter ), can produce bloody stools and are sometimes also described as forms of bacillary dysentery. (britannica.com)
  • The treatment of bacillary dysentery is based on the use of antibiotics . (britannica.com)
  • This form of dysentery, which traditionally occurs in the tropics, is usually much more chronic and insidious than the bacillary disease and is more difficult to treat because the causative organism occurs in two forms, a motile one and a cyst, each of which produces a different disease course. (britannica.com)
  • The motile form causes an acute dysentery, the symptoms of which resemble those of bacillary dysentery. (britannica.com)
  • In tropical areas where bacillary and amebic dysentery are common, clinically differentiating intestinal anthrax from these endemic causes of dysentery is very difficult unless a cluster of dysentery cases or an outbreak is known to exist. (medscape.com)
  • Stool examination provides rapid confirmation of bacillary or amebic dysentery. (medscape.com)
  • This alkaloid is effective in the treatment of acute amebic dysentery, amebic hepatitis and amebic abscesses. (entokey.com)
  • Amebic liver abscess , Echinococcus cyst , and Klebsiella and Enterococcus infections are difficult to distinguish clinically. (medscape.com)
  • Less frequently, lung abscess, splenic abscess, brain abscess or cutaneous amebic lesions are seen. (atlas.or.kr)
  • Amebic liver abscess in human. (atlas.or.kr)
  • Amebic lung abscess in human. (atlas.or.kr)
  • Dysentery and liver abscess are treated with metronidazole (750 mg orally tid for 10 days), followed by iodoquinol (650 mg orally tid for 20 days). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Amebic liver abscess is a collection of pus in the liver caused by an intestinal parasite.Organisms that carry disease can travel through the blood stream into the liver and form an abscess, a collection of infected tissue and pus. (findmeacure.com)
  • Serology may be particularly useful in supporting the diagnosis of invasive disease with E histolytica , which is most commonly associated with amebic liver abscess. (testcatalog.org)
  • All were discharged well after treatment except for one case of death in a 69-year-old Chinese male with amebic liver abscess. (um.edu.my)
  • In amebic liver abscess, FLAGYL 375 capsules therapy does not obviate the need for aspiration or drainage of pus. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • India and Mexico, should avoid unboiled water, ice, and fresh fruits and vegetables, all of which may be infected with amebic cysts. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Stools negative for amebic cysts or trophs and for Shigella suggest the possibility of intestinal anthrax in patients residing near areas where anthrax is endemic (ie, in pastures where herbivores graze) or after ingestion of spores from hand/food contact. (medscape.com)
  • Possible complications of amebic dysentery include amebic cysts in liver, brain, and other important organs. (naturalhomecures.com)
  • dysentery , infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the intestine , abdominal pain , and diarrhea with stools that often contain blood and mucus . (britannica.com)
  • E. histolytica trophozoites can adhere to and kill colonic epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and can cause dysentery with blood and mucus but with few PMNs in stool. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amebic dysentery, common in the tropics, manifests with episodes of frequent semiliquid stools that often contain blood, mucus, and live trophozoites. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to dysentery with blood and mucus. (findmeacure.com)
  • Amebic dysentery: the development of diarrhea is more gradual, and diarrhea can be mixed with blood, pus, and mucus. (naturalhomecures.com)
  • These are particularly helpful for treating amebic dysentery, as well as other bacterial forms of diarrhea. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Infection is commonly asymptomatic, but symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery may occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Diarrhea precedes only a third of all cases of amebic liver abscesses . (amboss.com)
  • Dysentery may manifest as bloody diarrhea, as does intestinal anthrax, and may be accompanied by abdominal pain (eg, in cases of Shigella or amebic dysentery). (medscape.com)
  • The herb is used in the treatment of amebic dysentery and diarrhea. (taazashahimewa.com)
  • The large majority of infected persons often present no symptoms, but in some cases infection lead to clinical complications including dysentery and liver abscesses. (pasteur.fr)
  • The infection from this disease is known as Amebic dysentery, which often only causes mild symptoms, but can spread to the liver if untreated. (watertothrive.org)
  • Health problems encountered during her travels included dengue fever, amebic dysentery, and intestinal helminthiasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Many of the most prevalent and deadly human diseases are caused by a protozoan infection, including African sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery, and malaria. (wikipedia.org)
  • S. flexneri , S. sonnei , and S. boydii are other Shigella bacilli that cause dysentery. (britannica.com)
  • If you suffer from either shigella or amebic dysentery, seek prompt medical attention. (naturalhomecures.com)
  • Both Shigellosis and Amebic dysentery are spread by fecal contamination of food and water and are most common where sanitation is poor. (naturalhomecures.com)
  • Amebic infection is relatively rare in the US. (amboss.com)
  • Worldwide each year, an estimated 50 million people develop amebic colitis or extraintestinal disease, and as many as 100,000 die. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Serology should not be used to identify or diagnose amebic dysentery due to poor sensitivity in acute, noninvasive disease. (testcatalog.org)
  • They also killed amebic dysentery and stopped the notorious killer cholera very fast. (blessedquietness.com)
  • For instance, they noted that house flies have been implicated in the spread of more than 100 infectious diseases, including cholera, amebic dysentery, eye infections, and leprosy. (genomeweb.com)
  • Intestinal anthrax is a difficult diagnosis that must be distinguished from dysentery. (medscape.com)
  • Amebic dysentery, caused by a microscopic single-celled animal, an amoebae, is a much more serious matter. (touregypt.net)
  • Amebic dysentery should be considered if an appropriate travel or exposure history exists. (aafp.org)
  • The risk of Amebic dysentery is greater in regions where human excrement is used as fertilizer. (naturalhomecures.com)
  • Entamoeba species, including amebic colitis and liver abscess. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In some cases, it invades the colon wall, causing colitis , acute dysentery, or long-term (chronic) diarrhea. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The resulting abdominal pain and tenderness, with sudden and explosive bloody diarrhea, is called dysentery. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Infection is commonly asymptomatic, but symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery may occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The antibacterial and astringent actions of Diarex regularize bowel movements and are effective in the management of diarrhea or dysentery. (euro-pharm24.com)
  • Those causing typhoid fever ( Salmonella typhi ), diarrhea ( E. coli , various types of Salmonella ), bacillary dysentery ( Shigella ), Asiatic cholera ( Vibrio cholerae ), protozoan infections (amebic dysentery, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis - see Section 1 ), viruses (poliomyelitis, hepatitis). (jlindquist.com)
  • can be an enteric protozoan parasite that triggers amebic liver and dysentery abscesses. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • About 90% of infections are asymptomatic, and the remaining 10% produce a spectrum of clinical syndromes ranging from dysentery to abscesses of the liver or other organs. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Health problems encountered during her travels included dengue fever, amebic dysentery, and intestinal helminthiasis. (cdc.gov)
  • The relative ineffectiveness of anti-amebic antibodies during a primary infection is correlated with cysteine proteases secreted by the parasites, which can degrade human intestinal IgA and cleave the heavy chains of IgG. (benthamscience.com)
  • Worldwide each year, an estimated 50 million people develop amebic colitis or extraintestinal disease, and as many as 100,000 die. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In another study, 10% of asymptomatic patients who were colonized with E. histolytica went on to develop amebic colitis, while the rest remained asymptomatic and cleared the infection within 1 year. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Indeed, after malaria and schistosomiasis, the dysentery caused by the amoeba is the third leading cause of death in the world. (encyclopedia.com)
  • He published over 150 papers on protozology, malaria and amebic dysentery and textbooks on general zoology and parasitology. (jhmi.edu)
  • E. histolytica trophozoites can adhere to and kill colonic epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and can cause dysentery with blood and mucus but with few PMNs in stool. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In order to identify the genome-wide effects of DNA methylation in E. histolytica , we used a short oligonucleotide microarray representing 9,435 genes (~95% of all annotated amebic genes) and compared the expression profile of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS parasites with those treated with 23 μM 5-AzaC for up to one week. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The red beet was known to be beneficial in treating amebic or bacterial dysentery, internal wounds, nasal congestion and hepatitis. (chubeza.com)
  • There are four main diseases that are caused by unpurified water, which are hepatitis A, cholera, amebic dysentery and typhoid (Waterborne Diseases - Institute water for Africa web). (bartleby.com)
  • Being an amebicidal agent, Diarex is a beneficial remedy in acute or chronic amebic infections. (euro-pharm24.com)
  • Amebic dysentery, common in the tropics, manifests with episodes of frequent semiliquid stools that often contain blood, mucus, and live trophozoites. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The trophozoites may not encyst in patients with active dysentery, and motile hematophagous trophozoites are frequently present in fresh stools. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Zanamivir These studies claim that the severe sponsor response and amebic invasion derive from a complicated interplay of parasite virulence elements and web host defenses. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Other symptoms of the dysentery include dehydration, fever, and sometimes the establishment of a bowel malfunction that can become chronic. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Cures amebic dysentery, the measles, and inflammation of the liver, splenomegaly and urogenital infections. (niavarannuts.com)
  • We identified among the genes down regulated by 5-AzaC treatment a cysteine proteinase (2.m00545) and lysozyme (52.m00148) both of which have known roles in amebic pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Amebic cysteine proteinases have ICE-like Zanamivir activity, which cleaves proIL-1 Rabbit Polyclonal to FAS ligand to create the energetic proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 (33). (cancer-ecosystem.com)
  • Amebic dysentery and the diarrheal diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Two cases of endoscopically diagnosed amebic colitis treated with paromomycin monotherapy. (nih.gov)