Drosophilidae
Tephritidae
Hawaii
Drosophila
Diptera
Expression of achaete-scute homologues in discrete proneural clusters on the developing notum of the medfly Ceratitis capitata, suggests a common origin for the stereotyped bristle patterns of higher Diptera. (1/44)
The stereotyped positioning of sensory bristles in Drosophila has been shown to result from complex spatiotemporal regulation of the proneural achaete-scute genes, that relies on an array of cis-regulatory elements and spatially restricted transcriptional activators such as Pannier. Other species of derived schizophoran Diptera have equally stereotyped, but different, bristle patterns. Divergence of bristle patterns could arise from changes in the expression pattern of proneural genes, resulting from evolution of the cis-regulatory sequences and/or altered expression patterns of transcriptional regulators. Here we describe the isolation of achaete-scute homologues in Ceratitis capitata, a species of acalyptrate Schizophora whose bristle pattern differs slightly from that of Drosophila. At least three genes, scute, lethal of scute and asense have been conserved, thus demonstrating that gene duplication within the achaete-scute complex preceded the separation of the families Drosophilidae and Tephritidae, whose common ancestor goes back more than 100 million years. The expression patterns of these genes provide evidence for conservation of many cis-regulatory elements as well as a common origin for the stereotyped patterns seen on the scutum of many Schizophora. Some aspects of the transcriptional regulation have changed, however, and correlate in the notum with differences in the bristle pattern. The Ceratitis pannier gene was isolated and displays a conserved expression domain in the notum. (+info)Horizontal transfer and selection in the evolution of P elements. (2/44)
The roles of selection and horizontal transfer in the evolution of the canonical subfamily of P: elements were studied in the saltans and willistoni species groups of the genus Drosophila (subgenus Sophophora). We estimate that the common ancestor of the canonical P: subfamily dates back 2-3 Myr at the most, despite the much older age (more than 40 Myr) of the P: family as a whole. The evolution of the canonical P: subfamily is characterized by weak selection at nonsynonymous sites. These sites have evolved at three quarters the rate of synonymous sites, in which no selective constraints were detected. Their recent horizontal transfer best explains the high degree of similarity among canonical P: elements from the saltans and willistoni species groups. These results are consistent with a model of P:-element evolution in which selective constraints are imposed at the time of horizontal transfer. Furthermore, it is estimated that the spread and diversification of the canonical subfamily involved a minimum of 11 horizontal transfer events among the 18 species surveyed within the past 3 Myr. The presence of multiple P: subfamilies in the saltans and willistoni species groups is likely to be the result of multiple invasions that have previously swept through these taxa in a succession of horizontal transfer events. These results suggest that horizontal transfer among eukaryotes might be more common than anticipated. (+info)Shared nucleotide composition biases among species and their impact on phylogenetic reconstructions of the Drosophilidae. (3/44)
Compositional changes are a major feature of genome evolution. Overlooking nucleotide composition differences among sequences can seriously mislead phylogenetic reconstructions. Large compositional variation exists among the members of the family Drosophilidae. Until now, however, base composition differences have been largely neglected in the formulations of the nucleotide substitution process used to reconstruct the phylogeny of this important group of species. The present study adopts a maximum-likelihood framework of phylogenetic inference in order to analyze five nuclear gene regions and shows that (1) the pattern of compositional variation in the Drosophilidae does not match the phylogeny of the species; (2) accounting for the heterogeneous GC content with Galtier and Gouy's nucleotide substitution model leads to a tree that differs in significant aspects from the tree inferred when the nucleotide composition differences are ignored, even though both phylogenetic hypotheses attain strong nodal support in the bootstrap analyses; and (3) the LogDet distance correction cannot completely overcome the distorting effects of the compositional variation that exists among the species of the Drosophilidae. Our analyses confidently place the Chymomyza genus as an outgroup closer than the genus Scaptodrosophila to the Drosophila genus and conclusively support the monophyly of the Sophophora subgenus. (+info)Improving gene recognition accuracy by combining predictions from two gene-finding programs. (4/44)
MOTIVATION: Despite constant improvements in prediction accuracy, gene-finding programs are still unable to provide automatic gene discovery with desired correctness. The current programs can identify up to 75% of exons correctly and less than 50% of predicted gene structures correspond to actual genes. New approaches to computational gene-finding are clearly needed. RESULTS: In this paper we have explored the benefits of combining predictions from already existing gene prediction programs. We have introduced three novel methods for combining predictions from programs Genscan and HMMgene. The methods primarily aim to improve exon level accuracy of gene-finding by identifying more probable exon boundaries and by eliminating false positive exon predictions. This approach results in improved accuracy at both the nucleotide and exon level, especially the latter, where the average improvement on the newly assembled dataset is 7.9% compared to the best result obtained by Genscan and HMMgene. When tested on a long genomic multi-gene sequence, our method that maintains reading frame consistency improved nucleotide level specificity by 21.0% and exon level specificity by 32.5% compared to the best result obtained by either of the two programs individually. AVAILABILITY: The scripts implementing our methods are available from http://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/beta/genefinding/ (+info)First occurrence of parasitoid Spalangia endius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil. (5/44)
This paper reports the first occurrence of the parasitoid Spalangia endius collected in pupae of Zaprionus indianus using traps with fruit bait. The experiment was carried out at the University of Lavras in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from November to December, 2001. A total of 4 Spalangia endius specimens were obtained from 105 Zaprionus indianus pupae. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 3.8%. (+info)A minisatellite with fold-back structure is included in the 5'-flanking region of the Adh gene of Scaptodrosophila lebanonensis. (6/44)
A tandem repetitive sequence with a repeat unit of 12 bp has been found 1.3 kb upstream of the Adh gene of Scaptodrosophila lebanonensis. This repetitive sequence extends over 4.3 kb and consists of two inverted arrays (a fold-back segment). The repeated unit with a consensus sequence GAATACAGAATA is highly conserved and the nucleotide substitutions are not distributed randomly among the 12 bp. In situ hybridization in S. lebanonensis polytene chromosomes revealed two signals, one at the 60A section, the Adh locus, and a second site in the same chromosome at the 60C section close to the telomere. This same pattern of hybridization is obtained in all the analyzed strains including the subspecies S. lebanonensis casteeli. The minisatellite sequence accounts for about 0.03-0.04% of the S. lebanonensis genome and showed intraspecific variability in tandem repeat numbers. Possible functions of this sequence are discussed. (+info)Complex evolution of gypsy in Drosophilid species. (7/44)
In an endeavor to contribute to the comprehension of the evolution of transposable elements (TEs) in the genome of host species, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of sequences homologous to the retrotransposon gypsy of Drosophila melanogaster in 19 species of Drosophila, in Scaptodrosophila latifasciaeformis, and in Zaprionus indianus. This phylogenetic study was based on approximately 500 base pairs of the env gene. Our analyses showed considerable discrepancy between the phylogeny of gypsy elements and the relationship of their host species, and they allow us to infer a complex evolutionary pattern that could include ancestral polymorphism, vertical transmission, and several cases of horizontal transmission. (+info)Population structure and host-plant specialization in two Scaptodrosophila flower-breeding species. (8/44)
In contrast to phytophagous insect species, little attention has been paid to the possibility of host races in the Drosophilidae, although flower-breeding species, where courtship and mating take place on the flowers, are likely candidates. Two species of Scaptodrosophila, S. hibisci and S. aclinata, are restricted to flowers of Hibiscus species (section Furcaria), and the Furcaria specialization likely predated the separation of S. hibisci and S. aclinata. In all, 20 microsatellite loci were analysed in nine populations of S. hibisci and five of S. aclinata. For two pairs of S. hibisci populations in close proximity, but breeding on different Hibiscus species, differentiation between the populations of each of these pairs was similar to that between the populations that were from the same Hibiscus species, but geographically distant, suggesting the early stages of host-race formation. Genetic variability was significantly less in S. aclinata than in S. hibisci, suggesting greater drift effects in the former. However, of 253 alleles detected, 82 were present in both species, 160 in S. hibisci only and 11 in S. aclinata only, indicating that S. aclinata was derived from S. hibisci, following a strong bottleneck at the time of separation--possibly 40,000 years BP. Analyses and interpretation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and F statistics needed to account for null alleles known to be present at eight loci in S. hibisci, and possibly present at other loci. The results emphasize the need for caution in studies where the presence of null alleles is inferred only from population data. (+info)Drosophilidae is a family of small, robust flies that are commonly known as fruit flies or pomace flies. This family includes over 4,000 species, with the most well-known being Drosophila melanogaster, which is widely used as a model organism in various areas of biological research, including genetics, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology.
Fruit flies are typically found in rotting fruits, vegetables, and other decaying organic matter where they lay their eggs and feed on the yeasts and bacteria that break down these materials. The larvae develop rapidly, going through three instars before pupating and emerging as adult flies. Adult fruit flies have a short lifespan of around 40-50 days, depending on environmental conditions.
The medical relevance of Drosophilidae lies primarily in their role as model organisms for understanding fundamental biological processes. Research using fruit flies has contributed significantly to our understanding of genetics, gene function, development, aging, and various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Additionally, fruit flies can serve as vectors for some human pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, although their significance in disease transmission is relatively minor compared to other insects like mosquitoes or ticks.
Tephritidae is a family of flies commonly known as "fruit flies" or "vinegar flies." The term "Tephritidae" is derived from the Greek word "tephra," which means "ash," likely referring to the often gray or sooty coloration of some members of this family.
Tephritidae includes over 4,000 species worldwide, many of which are important agricultural pests. These flies are known for their habit of laying eggs in or on fruits and vegetables, leading to the development of larvae that feed on the plant tissue and cause damage. Some well-known examples of Tephritidae include the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and the apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella).
It is worth noting that "fruit flies" is also a common name for Drosophilidae, another family of small flies. While both families are sometimes referred to as "fruit flies," Tephritidae species tend to be larger and more brightly colored than Drosophilidae species.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hawaii" is not a medical term. It is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, located in the Central Pacific. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!
"Drosophila" is a genus of small flies, also known as fruit flies. The most common species used in scientific research is "Drosophila melanogaster," which has been a valuable model organism for many areas of biological and medical research, including genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, and aging.
The use of Drosophila as a model organism has led to numerous important discoveries in genetics and molecular biology, such as the identification of genes that are associated with human diseases like cancer, Parkinson's disease, and obesity. The short reproductive cycle, large number of offspring, and ease of genetic manipulation make Drosophila a powerful tool for studying complex biological processes.
Diptera is an order of insects that includes flies, mosquitoes, and gnats. The name "Diptera" comes from the Greek words "di," meaning two, and "pteron," meaning wing. This refers to the fact that all members of this order have a single pair of functional wings for flying, while the other pair is reduced to small knob-like structures called halteres, which help with balance and maneuverability during flight.
Some common examples of Diptera include houseflies, fruit flies, horseflies, tsetse flies, and midges. Many species in this order are important pollinators, while others can be significant pests or disease vectors. The study of Diptera is called dipterology.
Drosophilidae
Chymomyza
Zaprionus tuberculatus
Drosophila
Drosophila montgomeryi
Hirtodrosophila mycetophaga
Culex vishnui
Drosophila acanthomera
Lordiphosa
Copromyzinae
Coproica
Palaeoceroptera
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1900-1949)
Drosophila senilis
Sphaeroceridae
Lordiphosa andalusiaca
Cryptochetum
Discocerina
Theridion grallator
Drosophila melanogaster
List of Drosophila species
Drosophila suzukii
Lactarius deterrimus
Drosophila melanogaster species group
Hirtodrosophila confusa
Dudaica
Drosophila appendiculata
Siphlodora
Hirtodrosophila duncani
Zaprionus
Drosophilidae - Wikipedia
Ask IFAS: Drosophilidae
Category:Drosophilidae - wikidoc
Diptera.info - Discussion Forum: The Drosophilidae of Fennoscandia and Denmark - Errata
SciELO - Brazil - Fitness components of a recently-established population of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in...
SciELO - Brazil - Two new species of the Drosophila serido sibling set (Diptera, Drosophilidae) Two new species of the...
Seasonal Reproductive Biology of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Temperate Climates | College of Agricultural...
Phylogeny and evolution of mycophagy in Drosophilidae : HUSCAP
Vinegar and Fruit Flies (Family Drosophilidae) · iNaturalist United Kingdom
Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) contributes to the development of sour rot in grape
Population development of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in vineyards of Canakkale Province | AVESİS
Drosophilidae [NCBITaxon 7214] | Virtual Fly Brain
Three new Drosophilidae species records for South Africa | De Araujo | Bothalia
The Biochemical Adaptations of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Fresh Fruits Reduced Fructose Concentrations...
Drosophilid flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) of Georgia (Sakartvelo) with new records for the country
A new species of Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Inflorescences of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Araceae)
Hsp70Ba Heat shock protein 70 Ba [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene - NCBI
CycB Cyclin B [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene - NCBI
Evaluation of Monitoring Traps for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America | College of Agricultural...
Evaluation of Monitoring Traps for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America | College of Agricultural...
Toxicity and Synergistic Activities of Chalcones Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Drosophila melanogaster ...
ANNOUNCEMENT: Beta release of TREMBL, a supplement to SWISS-PROT
Contributions of Dryland Forest (Caatinga) to Species Composition, Richness and Diversity of Drosophilidae. | Neotrop Entomol...
Changes in Puffing Pattern of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Polytene Chromosomes after Egg Exposure to...
Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Invasive Pest of Ripening Soft Fruit Expanding its Geographic Range and Damage...
Nonnutritive Sugars for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Control Have Minimal Nontarget Effects on Honey Bee...
Scaptodrosophila - Wikispecies
Drosophila subinfumata - Wikispecies
Diptera
Diptera7
- Diptera: Drosophilidae) with microorganisms that may contribute to spoilage or quality loss of wine grapes during harvest. (fmach.it)
- The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is one of the important invasive pests of cultivated berry and stone fruits worldwide. (comu.edu.tr)
- Lyubov A. Shakina , Nicolay N. Kolchigin , and Yuriy G. Shckorbatov "Changes in Puffing Pattern of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Polytene Chromosomes after Egg Exposure to Microwave Radiation and Magnetic Field 1 ," Journal of Entomological Science 53(3), 295-306, (1 July 2018). (bioone.org)
- The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda (Diptera, Drosophilidae), part III: the riverata species group from China, with morphological and molecular evidence for five new species. (wikimedia.org)
- The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda part II: the coracina species group from East Asia, with morphological and molecular evidence (Diptera: Drosophilidae). (wikimedia.org)
- Tsacas, L. 1997: [Diptera Drosophilidae of New Caledonia. (wikimedia.org)
- A Rare, Recently Discovered Nematode, Oscheius onirici (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), Kills Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Within Fruit. (nih.gov)
Drosophila2
- The best known species of the Drosophilidae is Drosophila melanogaster, within the genus Drosophila, also called the "fruit fly. (wikipedia.org)
- 2 그들은 과실파리(fruit flies)로서, 우리에게 친숙한 초파리( Drosophila genus of family Drosophilidae)와 혼동하지 말라. (creation.com)
Zaprionus1
- Zaprionus indianus is unusual among Drosophilidae species in being a serious, primary pest of at least one commercial fruit, figs in Brazil. (wikipedia.org)
Flies6
- The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. (wikipedia.org)
- Insects in the family Drosophilidae, commonly known as vinegar flies, are used as model systems for a diverse range of research fields, especially medicine (Hewitt & Whitworth 2016 ). (aosis.co.za)
- Drosophilidae (fruit flies) will be present too, associated with rotting fruits and vegetables. (petsnails.co.uk)
- Live bees, leeches, silkworms, and flies of the family Drosophilidae (see DMM 601.9.3.8). (usps.com)
- 2. Flies - family Drosophilidae - lifeunseen.com by Nick Monaghan. (brisbaneinsects.com)
- According to Grimaldi and colleagues, fruit flies (Drosophilidae) of the genus Zygothrica typically swarm on mushrooms and other rain forest fungi. (amnh.org)
Pest1
- More recently, there has been growing concern surrounding invasive or pest Drosophilidae species in South Africa, as several invasive Drosophilidae species have been detected in other parts of the world and can target ripe soft-bodied fruit, resulting in economic losses for the agriculture sector (Farnsworth et al. (aosis.co.za)
Larvae1
- Drosophilidae) whose larvae construct a sticky shelter on top of the EFNs of Qualea . (confex.com)
Fruit2
- Drosophilidae were trapped using mixed fruit and mushroom traps around urban areas in two climatically distinct regions of South Africa. (aosis.co.za)
- Drosophilidae species were sampled sporadically in two urban-agricultural regions of South Africa using fruit-filled bucket traps ( Table 1 ) for a different project, but also aimed at generating biodiversity knowledge. (aosis.co.za)
Invasive1
- With more comprehensive, systematic sampling, a better understanding of the South African Drosophilidae composition, and thus the detection of alien or invasive species, can be pursued. (aosis.co.za)
Species composition2
- 2017 ). Consequently, current species composition, and spatial and temporal patterns of Drosophilidae biodiversity are important baseline information. (aosis.co.za)
- Contributions of Dryland Forest (Caatinga) to Species Composition, Richness and Diversity of Drosophilidae. (bvsalud.org)
Family1
- Data on the current species diversity from the Drosophilidae family in South Africa is limited or outdated. (aosis.co.za)
Group1
- 2004:The Drosophilidae of Fennoscandia and Denmark I ran into trouble with the very common yellow species of the quinaria species group ( phalerata, transversa etc. (diptera.info)
Study1
- Using haphazard, limited trapping for a different study, we serendipitously report on and document Drosophilidae species in two distinct regions (representing a sub-tropical and a Mediterranean climate region) of South Africa. (aosis.co.za)
Determine2
- Species were checked against literature, online resources and a previously compiled library of South African Drosophilidae to determine whether they were new records. (aosis.co.za)
- Alpha diversity indices and the ecological similarity between the samples were calculated to determine how the environments drive the composition of Drosophilidae in such semi-arid places. (bvsalud.org)
Phortica1
- So far, the arthropod acting as intermediate host of T. callipaeda eyeworms has not been identified in France although it might be Phortica variegata (Steganinae, Drosophilidae) as recently described in Italy. (nih.gov)
Brazil1
- Zaprionus indianus is unusual among Drosophilidae species in being a serious, primary pest of at least one commercial fruit, figs in Brazil. (wikipedia.org)
Family2
- The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. (wikipedia.org)
- Fruit flies from the family Drosophilidae have a thick rounded body and distinctive red eyes. (doitbest.com)